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Phillips JJ, Roche MJ, Ann Bell M. The Utility of the Level of Personality Functioning Scale in Maternal Samples: A Brief Report. J Pers Assess 2024; 106:328-336. [PMID: 37753946 PMCID: PMC10965509 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2023.2258961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Maternal personality plays a role in how a mother parents her children and adolescents. Current trait-based measures of personality are acceptable for use in maternal samples, but the presence or absence of given personality traits might not be enough to describe how personality relates to parenting. The Level of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS) could serve as a solution, as it was designed to capture level of dysfunction in personality without being reliant on specific personality traits. Research, however, has yet to demonstrate the LPFS as a useful measure of personality in maternal samples, thus the goal of this study. A sample of 123 mothers reported on behavioral problems in their adolescent-aged children and their own personality using both a trait-based measure and the LPFS. Our data showed that maternal reports on the LPFS were associated with maternal perceptions of adolescent behavioral problems, in addition to being an acceptable measure of personality in our maternal sample. We also provide support for incremental validity of the LPFS in our sample, as the LPFS uniquely predicted maternal perceptions of adolescent behavioral problems even after controlling for maternal personality traits. Our results are discussed in light of the limitations of the extant work on maternal personality and add to the literature by demonstrating that the LPFS is an acceptable and ubiquitous measure of personality in maternal samples.
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Meehan KB, Cain NM, Roche MJ, Fertuck EA, Sowislo JF, Clarkin JF. Evaluating Change in Transference, Interpersonal Functioning, and Trust Processes in the Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder: A Single-Case Study Using Ecological Momentary Assessment. J Pers Disord 2023; 37:490-507. [PMID: 37903025 DOI: 10.1521/pedi.2023.37.5.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP) is an empirically supported treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD) that improves functioning via targeting representations of self affectively relating to others, particularly as evoked in the therapeutic relationship. If change in TFP operates as theorized, then shifts in patterns of "self affectively relating to others" should be observed in the transference prior to shifts in daily relationships. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), a patient with BPD rated daily interpersonal events for 2-week periods during 18 months of TFP; at 9 and 18 months these ratings included interactions with the therapist. Results suggest that positive perceptions of her therapist that ran counter to her negatively biased perception in other relationships preceded changes in her perceptions of others. EMA shifts corresponded to improvements in self-reported symptoms, interview-based personality functioning, and therapist assessments. Implications for assimilation of a trusting experience with the therapist as a mechanism of change in TFP are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Meehan
- Long Island University - Brooklyn, NY
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Eric A Fertuck
- The City College and Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, New York
| | - Julia F Sowislo
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - John F Clarkin
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
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3
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Abstract
The Alternative Model of Personality Disorders distinguishes between the severity of personality dysfunction (Criterion A) and individual differences in personality disorder expression (Criterion B). Several Criterion A measures exist, but few studies have compared these measures with each other. Moreover, debates about whether the constructs of Criteria A and B are redundant (i.e., weak incremental validity) should be framed around how different Criterion A measures perform relative to others. This study of 204 undergraduate students evaluated multiple measures of Criterion A. These measures were strongly correlated with Criterion B, but evidenced incremental validity (39% of outcomes, 5% average additional variance explained) with outcomes of psychopathology and interpersonal impairments, and less consistent incremental validity with suicidality, aggression, and mental health utilization. We discuss how these results inform the construct of Criterion A relative to Criterion B and evaluate strengths/weaknesses of Criterion A measures.
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Lewis KC, Roche MJ, Brown F, Tillman JG. Attachment, loneliness, and social connection as prospective predictors of suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic: A relational diathesis-stress experience sampling study. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2023; 53:64-74. [PMID: 36156302 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Concerns about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health have led to efforts to understand how pandemic-specific factors, such as decreased social contact during periods of social distancing, may relate to suicide risk. The present study evaluated personality-based risk factors and frequency of social contact as prospective predictors of suicidal ideation (SI) during the pandemic. METHODS We tested a relational diathesis-stress model of suicide focusing on insecure attachment, trait loneliness, and social contact as predictors of SI, using twice-weekly survey data collected via smartphone from a community sample (n = 184) over 8 weeks. RESULTS Multilevel modeling showed that both trait loneliness and anxious attachment predicted the prospective development of SI during the study period. Reduced in-person contact, but not remote contact, was proximally associated with increased SI. Participants with high attachment avoidance were more likely to develop SI in the context of reduced daily in-person contact compared to participants without these traits. CONCLUSION Findings support a relational diathesis-stress model of suicide risk during the pandemic, showing that dispositional traits related to emotional connection with others predicted the relative salience of reduced social contact as a proximal risk factor for SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie C Lewis
- Erikson Institute for Education, Research & Advocacy, Austen Riggs Center, Stockbridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Fiona Brown
- Erikson Institute for Education, Research & Advocacy, Austen Riggs Center, Stockbridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jane G Tillman
- Erikson Institute for Education, Research & Advocacy, Austen Riggs Center, Stockbridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Lewis KC, Roche MJ, Brown F, Tillman JG. Intolerance of aloneness as a prospective predictor of suicidal ideation during COVID-19. J Affect Disord Rep 2023; 11:100469. [PMID: 36618605 PMCID: PMC9811853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Social distancing has been essential in mitigating the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Evidence regarding the impact of reduced social contact on mental health during the pandemic has been mixed, however, with studies suggesting that enduring personality traits and affect regulation impairments may together increase risk for suicidal distress during periods of lockdown. The present study utilized experience sampling and longitudinal follow-up methods to evaluate intolerance of aloneness (IA) as a predictor of suicidal ideation (SI) during the pandemic. Methods A general adult sample (n = 184) recruited online completed an 8-week experience sampling protocol via smartphone between April and September 2020. A subset of n = 69 participants completed a follow-up assessment of SI six months after the initial study period. Results IA was associated with suicidal ideation both at baseline and prospectively during the experience sampling period. Individuals with greater IA were more likely to report SI in the short-term context of reduced daily in-person social contact. Higher IA at baseline furthermore prospectively predicted the occurrence of SI during the 6-month follow-up period. Limitations The sample was relatively homogenous in terms of demographic characteristics and excluded individuals with limited access to communication technology. While statistical models accounted for current mental health treatment status, other factors that were not assessed (such as adverse events or psychiatric symptoms in non-treatment-seeking subjects) may have contributed to the development of SI. Conclusions Findings enhance understanding of how personality-based factors may contribute to suicide risk during periods of social distancing, informing both clinical treatment, risk assessment, and public health intervention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie C. Lewis
- Erikson Institute for Education and Research, Austen Riggs Center, 25 Main St, Stockbridge, MA, 01262, USA,Corresponding author at: Erikson Institute for Education, Research, and Advocacy, Austen Riggs Center, 25 Main Street, Stockbridge, MA 01262, USA
| | - Michael J. Roche
- Department of Psychology, West Chester University, 700 South High St, West Chester, PA, 19383, USA
| | - Fiona Brown
- Erikson Institute for Education and Research, Austen Riggs Center, 25 Main St, Stockbridge, MA, 01262, USA
| | - Jane G. Tillman
- Erikson Institute for Education and Research, Austen Riggs Center, 25 Main St, Stockbridge, MA, 01262, USA
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Lewis KC, Roche MJ, Brown F, Tillman JG. Reduced social contact and attachment insecurity as predictors of loneliness during COVID-19: A two-month experience sampling study. Personality and Individual Differences 2022; 195:111672. [PMID: 35475241 PMCID: PMC9023336 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
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Bliton CF, Roche MJ, Pincus AL, Dueber D. Examining the Structure and Validity of Self-Report Measures of DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders Criterion A. J Pers Disord 2022; 36:157-182. [PMID: 34287067 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2021_35_531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Level of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS) operationalizes Criterion A of the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders. Despite progress in LPFS measurement development and validation, there is a lack of research, and some disagreement, concerning structural, convergent, and incremental validity of LPFS self-report measures. The present study aimed to compare the LPFS Self-Report, LPFS Self-Report of Criterion A, and LPFS Brief Form. Internal structure was assessed through principal component analyses, factor analyses, and bifactor analyses of unidimensionality. Associations with both pathological and basic personality characteristics among the LPFS measures were explored. Incremental validity of LPFS severity in predicting pathological personality outcomes controlling for basic personality traits, and the reverse, were examined. Results suggest a unidimensional structure robustly associated with other pathological personality assessments. LPFS severity and basic personality traits mutually offered unique explanatory power. We discuss the implications of assessing personality pathology using LPFS self-report measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe F Bliton
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Roche
- Department of Psychology, West Chester University, West Chester, Pennsylvania
| | - Aaron L Pincus
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - David Dueber
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Harnish RJ, Roche MJ, Bridges KR. Predicting compulsive buying from pathological personality traits, stressors, and purchasing behavior. Personality and Individual Differences 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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9
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Roche MJ. Clinical Applications of Estimating Reliability of Within-Person Couplings in a Multilevel Framework. J Pers Assess 2019; 102:147-148. [PMID: 31868548 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2019.1698586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Roche MJ, Pincus AL, Cole PE. Linking dimensions and dynamics in psychopathology research: An example using DSM-5 instruments. Journal of Research in Personality 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2019.103852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Roche MJ. Examining the alternative model for personality disorder in daily life: Evidence for incremental validity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 9:574-583. [DOI: 10.1037/per0000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Jacobson NC, Roche MJ. Current evolutionary adaptiveness of anxiety: Extreme phenotypes of anxiety predict increased fertility across multiple generations. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 106:82-90. [PMID: 30296705 PMCID: PMC6219631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although recent research has begun to examine the impact of elevated anxiety on evolutionary fitness, no prior research has examined anxiety across a continuum. Such research is important as the effect of traits across a continuum on fertility hold important implications for the levels and distribution of the traits in later generations. METHOD In a three-generational sample (N = 2657) the linear and quadratic relationship between anxiety and the number of children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren 15 years later was examined. RESULTS The findings suggested that anxiety had a positive quadratic relationship with the number of children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren 15 years later. These relationships were not significantly moderated by sex. Moreover, most of the variance between anxiety and the number of great-grandchildren was explained by anxiety's influence on the number of children and grandchildren, as opposed to anxiety having an independent direct impact on the number of great-grandchildren. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that extreme values from the mean anxiety are associated with increased evolutionary fitness within the modern environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C Jacobson
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, The Pennsylvania State University, United States.
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Roche MJ, Jacobson NC, Phillips JJ. Expanding the Validity of the Level of Personality Functioning Scale Observer Report and Self-Report Versions Across Psychodynamic and Interpersonal Paradigms. J Pers Assess 2018; 100:571-580. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2018.1475394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Dowgwillo EA, Roche MJ, Pincus AL. Examining the Interpersonal Nature of Criterion A of theDSM–5Section III Alternative Model for Personality Disorders Using Bootstrapped Confidence Intervals for the Interpersonal Circumplex. J Pers Assess 2018; 100:581-592. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2018.1464016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J. Roche
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University at Altoona
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Abstract
Polling suggested that the 2016 United States presidential election affected citizens' mood and stress levels. Yet, polling often fails to employ repeated measurement designs that can capture pre- and post-levels of change within the same person. In this study, undergraduate students ( N = 85) completed a 14-day daily diary where mood, stress, and mental health outcomes were assessed before and after the election. Multilevel modeling revealed an immediate upsurge in anxiety, stress, and poor sleep quality the day after the election, followed by a recovery period indicating these effects were short-lived. Other reactions (anger, fear, marginalization, and experiencing discrimination) evidenced a significant upsurge without a significant recovery. We consider how daily diary research designs like this one could be integrated into college settings to inform counseling center resource allocation, and we also comment on the promise of the daily diary methodology for political research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin B. Meehan
- Department of Psychology, Long Island University
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University
| | - Michael J. Roche
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University at Altoona
| | - John F. Clarkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University
| | - Chiara De Panfilis
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Psychiatry, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Roche MJ, Jacobson NC, Pincus AL. Using repeated daily assessments to uncover oscillating patterns and temporally-dynamic triggers in structures of psychopathology: Applications to the DSM-5 alternative model of personality disorders. J Abnorm Psychol 2018; 125:1090-1102. [PMID: 27819470 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Articulating an accurate and clinically useful structure of psychopathology is a crucial and difficult task. Dimensions identified through cross-sectional factor analyses are increasingly being linked with temporally dynamic processes of social cognition, emotion regulation, symptom expression, and functional impairment to demonstrate how between-person structures and within-person dynamics can be integrated. The present research considers how structure and processes are integrated in the DSM-5, specifically in the alternative model for personality disorders (AMPD). Participants (n = 248) completed a 14-day electronic diary, and results indicated that personality impairments oscillated across days and were triggered by daily negative emotions and cognitive distortions. Importantly, some aspects of the AMPD model that are identified as potentially redundant in cross-sectional research are shown here to increment each other in the prediction of dynamic oscillations and triggers. Thus, longitudinal designs and temporally dynamic analyses may provide new and novel evidence to fully inform structures of psychopathology. Such research is a needed step in the integration of the structure and process in classification and diagnosis of psychopathology. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Roche MJ, Sinclair SJ, Denckla C, Chung WJ, Stein M, Blais M. The empirically derived Violence and Aggression Risk Index from the Personality Assessment Inventory: Development, validation, and application in general psychiatric settings. Bull Menninger Clin 2017; 81:213-232. [PMID: 28745942 DOI: 10.1521/bumc_2017_81_01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study developed a new index of violence risk from scales within the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). Clinical patients from inpatient and outpatient settings completed the PAI along with reports of violence history and arrest record. A forward-selection hierarchical logistic regression was employed (N = 388) to identify the PAI scales (AGG-P, AGG-A, NON, PAR-H, and ANT-A) that could effectively distinguish patients with and without a history of violence. These indicators were then aggregated into a single index, labeled the Violence and Aggression Risk Index (VARI). The VARI modestly incremented other PAI subscales and indices in an independent clinical sample (N = 387). The authors discuss how the VARI can be incorporated with the other PAI scales to assess violence risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Roche
- Department of Psychology, Penn State Altoona, Altoona, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Wei-Jean Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Michelle Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Mark Blais
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
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Sinclair SJ, Roche MJ, Temes C, Massey C, Chung WJ, Stein M, Richardson L, Blais M. Evaluating chronic suicide risk with the Personality Assessment Inventory: Development and initial validation of the Chronic Suicide Risk Index (S_Chron). Psychiatry Res 2016; 245:443-450. [PMID: 27620327 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The current study sought to develop and validate a new measure of chronic suicide risk (the S_Chron) from the Personality Assessment Inventory in a mixed sample of psychiatric inpatients and outpatients. In an initial development sample (N=397), hierarchical logistic regression identified six PAI variables uniquely associated with multiple versus single/no prior suicide attempts after controlling for sample demographics: Negative Impression Management, Situational Stress, Mania - Grandiosity, Borderline - Negative Relationships, Borderline - Self-Harm, and Antisocial Behaviors. These indicators were then aggregated into a single index (S_Chron) and evaluated in terms of validity in an independent clinical sample (N=398). Results indicated the S_Chron effectively differentiated between groups with multiple versus single/no prior suicide attempts, even after controlling for the effects of the PAI Suicidal Ideation (SUI) and Suicide Potential (SPI) indices, with moderate to large effect sizes observed (range of Cohen's d's=0.30-0.91). Further, the S_Chron incremented all other PAI indices and SUI in predicting multiple suicide attempts. The potential clinical application and ways in which the S_Chron may augment other existing measures of suicide risk are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Justin Sinclair
- William James College, Clinical Psychology Program, One Wells Avenue, Newton, MA 02459, USA.
| | - Michael J Roche
- The Pennsylvania State University, Penn State Altoona, PA, USA
| | - Christina Temes
- The Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina Massey
- The Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei-Jean Chung
- The Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Stein
- The Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Richardson
- The Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Blais
- The Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Personality assessment is a crucial component of clinical practice, and the training and proficiency criteria to develop competence are complex and multifaceted. Like many advanced topics, the field of personality assessment would benefit from early exposure in undergraduate classroom settings. This research evaluates how an undergraduate personality course can be enhanced through 2 enrichment activities (self-assessments and a personality project). Students completed several self-assessments of their personality and wrote a comprehensive and integrative personality assessment about themselves. Results demonstrated that these activities increased interest in personality assessment, deepened understanding of course material, and promoted student growth and self-exploration. We discuss the benefits of these enrichment activities for the student, instructor, and field of personality science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carley A Roche
- c Huntingdon Area School District , Huntington , Pennsylvania
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Ambwani S, Roche MJ, Minnick AM, Pincus AL. Negative affect, interpersonal perception, and binge eating behavior: An experience sampling study. Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:715-26. [PMID: 25946681 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Etiological and maintenance models for disordered eating highlight the salience of negative affect and interpersonal dysfunction. This study employed a 14-day experience sampling procedure to assess the impact of negative affect and interpersonal perceptions on binge eating behavior. METHOD Young adult women (N = 40) with recurrent binge eating and significant clinical impairment recorded their mood, interpersonal behavior, and eating behaviors at six stratified semirandom intervals daily through the use of personal digital assistants. RESULTS Although momentary negative affect was associated with binge eating behavior, average levels of negative affect over the experience sampling period were not, and interpersonal problems moderated the relationship between negative affect and binge eating. Interpersonal problems also intensified the association between momentary interpersonal perceptions and binge eating behavior. Lagged analyses indicated that previous levels of negative affect and interpersonal style also influence binge eating. DISCUSSION The study findings suggest there may be important differences in how dispositional versus momentary experiences of negative affect are associated with binge eating. Results also highlight the importance of interpersonal problems for understanding relationships among negative affect, interpersonal perception, and binge eating behavior. These results offer several possibilities for attending to affective and interpersonal functioning in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Ambwani
- Psychology Department, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA
| | | | - Alyssa M Minnick
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Aaron L Pincus
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
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Schoenleber M, Roche MJ, Wetzel E, Pincus AL, Roberts BW. Development of a brief version of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. Psychol Assess 2015; 27:1520-6. [PMID: 26011478 DOI: 10.1037/pas0000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
With theoretical and empirical interest in narcissism growing, there is a need for brief measures of pathological narcissism that can be used more practically while assessing the construct comprehensively. Data from four samples (total N = 3,851) collected across two separate research groups and representing undergraduate, community, and clinical populations were used to establish the reliability, validity, and utility of the Brief-Pathological Narcissism Inventory (B-PNI). Item response theory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to determine the best-performing 28 items from the original PNI and ensure that the B-PNI exhibited a factor structure consistent with the original PNI. Items were retained for all seven pathological narcissism facet scales. Additional results also support the criterion validity of the B-PNI, suggesting that it can be used in place of the original PNI to assess the various facets of pathological narcissism effectively and without loss of information, which may enhance the ability of researchers to investigate pathological narcissism in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Schoenleber
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center
| | - Michael J Roche
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University-Altoona
| | | | | | - Brent W Roberts
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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Ansell EB, Laws HB, Roche MJ, Sinha R. Effects of marijuana use on impulsivity and hostility in daily life. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 148:136-42. [PMID: 25595054 PMCID: PMC4330120 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marijuana use is increasingly prevalent among young adults. While research has found adverse effects associated with marijuana use within experimentally controlled laboratory settings, it is unclear how recreational marijuana use affects day-to-day experiences in users. The present study sought to examine the effects of marijuana use on within-person changes in impulsivity and interpersonal hostility in daily life using smartphone administered assessments. METHODS Forty-three participants with no substance dependence reported on their alcohol consumption, tobacco use, recreational marijuana use, impulsivity, and interpersonal hostility over the course of 14 days. Responses were analyzed using multilevel modeling. RESULTS Marijuana use was associated with increased impulsivity on the same day and the following day relative to days when marijuana was not used, independent of alcohol use. Marijuana was also associated with increased hostile behaviors and perceptions of hostility in others on the same day when compared to days when marijuana was not used. These effects were independent of frequency of marijuana use or alcohol use. There were no significant effects of alcohol consumption on impulsivity or interpersonal hostility. CONCLUSIONS Marijuana use is associated with changes in impulse control and hostility in daily life. This may be one route by which deleterious effects of marijuana are observed for mental health and psychosocial functioning. Given the increasing prevalence of recreational marijuana use and the potential legalization in some states, further research on the potential consequences of marijuana use in young adults' day-to-day life is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B. Ansell
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 2 Church St. South, Suite 209, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Holly B. Laws
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 2 Church St. South, Suite 209, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Michael J. Roche
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, 140 Moore Building, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 2 Church St. South, Suite 209, New Haven, CT 06519
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Wang S, Roche MJ, Pincus AL, Conroy DE, Rebar AL, Ram N. Interpersonal dependency and emotion in every day life. Journal of Research in Personality 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Wu LZ, Roche MJ, Dowgwillo EA, Wang S, Pincus AL. A Chinese Translation of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems–Short Circumplex. J Pers Assess 2014; 97:153-62. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2014.971461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Conroy DE, Ram N, Pincus AL, Coffman DL, Lorek AE, Rebar AL, Roche MJ. Daily physical activity and alcohol use across the adult lifespan. Health Psychol 2014; 34:653-60. [PMID: 25222084 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In contrast to proposals that physical activity (PA) can be a substitute for alcohol use, people who engage in greater overall PA generally consume more alcohol on average than less-active peers. Acknowledging that both PA and alcohol use vary considerably from day-to-day, this study evaluated whether established associations reflect daily behavioral coupling within-person, are an artifact of procedures that aggregate behavior over time, or both. METHODS A life span sample of 150 adults (aged 19-89 years) completed three 21-day measurement bursts of a daily diary study. At the end of each day, they reported on their PA and alcohol consumption. Data were analyzed in a negative binomial multilevel regression. RESULTS As expected, both behaviors exhibited limited between-person variation. After controlling for age, gender, and seasonal and social calendar influences, daily deviations in PA were significantly associated with daily total alcohol use. Once the within-person process linking PA and alcohol use was controlled, usual PA and total alcohol use were not associated. CONCLUSIONS The established between-person association linking PA and alcohol use reflects the aggregation of a daily process that unfolds within-people over time. Further work is needed to identify mediators of this daily association and to evaluate causality, as well as to investigate these relations in high-risk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Conroy
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Nilam Ram
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Aaron L Pincus
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University
| | | | - Amy E Lorek
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Amanda L Rebar
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University
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Roche MJ, Pincus AL, Rebar AL, Conroy DE, Ram N. Enriching psychological assessment using a person-specific analysis of interpersonal processes in daily life. Assessment 2014; 21:515-28. [PMID: 25038215 DOI: 10.1177/1073191114540320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We present a series of methods and approaches for clinicians interested in tracking their individual patients over time and in the natural settings of their daily lives. The application of person-specific analyses to intensive repeated measurement data can assess some aspects of persons that are distinct from the valuable results obtained from single-occasion assessments. Guided by interpersonal theory, we assess a psychotherapy patient's interpersonal processes as they unfold in his daily life. We highlight specific contexts that change these processes, use an informant report to examine discrepancies in his reported interpersonal processes, and examine how his interpersonal processes differ as a function of varying levels of self-esteem and anger. We advocate for this approach to complement existing psychological assessments and provide a scoring program to facilitate initial implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron L Pincus
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Amanda L Rebar
- Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - David E Conroy
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Nilam Ram
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Ram N, Conroy DE, Pincus AL, Lorek A, Rebar A, Roche MJ, Coccia M, Morack J, Feldman J, Gerstorf D. Examining the Interplay of Processes Across Multiple Time-Scales: Illustration With the Intraindividual Study of Affect, Health, and Interpersonal Behavior (iSAHIB). Res Hum Dev 2014; 11:142-160. [PMID: 26989350 DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2014.906739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Human development is characterized by the complex interplay of processes that manifest at multiple levels of analysis and time-scales. We introduce the Intraindividual Study of Affect, Health and Interpersonal Behavior (iSAHIB) as a model for how multiple time-scale study designs facilitate more precise articulation of developmental theory. Combining age heterogeneity, longitudinal panel, daily diary, and experience sampling protocols, the study made use of smartphone and web-based technologies to obtain intensive longitudinal data from 150 persons age 18-89 years as they completed three 21-day measurement bursts (t = 426 bursts, t = 8,557 days) wherein they provided reports on their social interactions (t = 64,112) as they went about their daily lives. We illustrate how multiple time-scales of data can be used to articulate bioecological models of development and the interplay among more 'distal' processes that manifest at 'slower' time-scales (e.g., age-related differences and burst-to-burst changes in mental health) and more 'proximal' processes that manifest at 'faster' time-scales (e.g., changes in context that progress in accordance with the weekly calendar and family influence processes).
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Gray LR, Turville SG, HItchen TL, Cheng WJ, Ellett AM, Salimi H, Roche MJ, Wesselingh SL, Gorry PR, Churchill MJ. HIV-1 entry and trans-infection of astrocytes involves CD81 vesicles. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90620. [PMID: 24587404 PMCID: PMC3938779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are extensively infected with HIV-1 in vivo and play a significant role in the development of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders. Despite their extensive infection, little is known about how astrocytes become infected, since they lack cell surface CD4 expression. In the present study, we investigated the fate of HIV-1 upon infection of astrocytes. Astrocytes were found to bind and harbor virus followed by biphasic decay, with HIV-1 detectable out to 72 hours. HIV-1 was observed to associate with CD81-lined vesicle structures. shRNA silencing of CD81 resulted in less cell-associated virus but no loss of co-localization between HIV-1 and CD81. Astrocytes supported trans-infection of HIV-1 to T-cells without de novo virus production, and the virus-containing compartment required 37°C to form, and was trypsin-resistant. The CD81 compartment observed herein, has been shown in other cell types to be a relatively protective compartment. Within astrocytes, this compartment may be actively involved in virus entry and/or spread. The ability of astrocytes to transfer virus, without de novo viral synthesis suggests they are capable of sequestering and protecting virus and thus, they could potentially facilitate viral dissemination in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan R. Gray
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Tina L. HItchen
- The Kirby Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wan-Jung Cheng
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne M. Ellett
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hamid Salimi
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J. Roche
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steve L. Wesselingh
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul R. Gorry
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa J. Churchill
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Kotsikorou E, Navas F, Roche MJ, Gilliam AF, Thomas B, Seltzman HH, Kumar P, Song ZH, Hurst DP, Lynch DL, Reggio PH. The importance of hydrogen bonding and aromatic stacking to the affinity and efficacy of cannabinoid receptor CB2 antagonist, 5-(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl)-1-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]-N-[(1S,2S,4R)-1,3,3-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (SR144528). J Med Chem 2013; 56:6593-612. [PMID: 23855811 PMCID: PMC3804063 DOI: 10.1021/jm400070u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the therapeutic promise of the subnanomolar affinity cannabinoid CB2 antagonist, 5-(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl)-1-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]-N-[(1S,2S,4R)-1,3,3-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (SR144528, 1), little is known about its binding site interactions and no primary interaction site for 1 at CB2 has been identified. We report here the results of Glide docking studies in our cannabinoid CB2 inactive state model that were then tested via compound synthesis, binding, and functional assays. Our results show that the amide functional group of 1 is critical to its CB2 affinity and efficacy and that aromatic stacking interactions in the TMH5/6 aromatic cluster of CB2 are also important. Molecular modifications that increased the positive electrostatic potential in the region between the fenchyl and aromatic rings led to more efficacious compounds. This result is consistent with the EC-3 loop negatively charged amino acid, D275 (identified via Glide docking studies) acting as the primary interaction site for 1 and its analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank Navas
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27609
| | | | - Anne F. Gilliam
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27609
| | - Brian Thomas
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27609
| | | | - Pritesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292
| | - Zhao-Hui Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292
| | - Dow P. Hurst
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
| | - Diane L. Lynch
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
| | - Patricia H. Reggio
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
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Roche MJ, Pincus AL, Hyde AL, Conroy DE, Ram N. Within-person Covariation of Agentic and Communal Perceptions: Implications for Interpersonal Theory and Assessment. J Res Pers 2013; 47:445-452. [PMID: 24072945 PMCID: PMC3780453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interpersonal theory identifies agency and communion as uncorrelated (orthogonal) dimensions, largely evidenced by research examining between-person analyses of single-occasion measures. However, longitudinal studies of interpersonal behavior demonstrated the within-person association of agency and communion is not orthogonal for many individuals, and between-person differences in these associations relate to adjustment. We applied a similar approach to investigate the association of interpersonal perceptions. 184 university students completed a 7-day event-contingent study of their interpersonal experiences. Using multilevel regression models, we demonstrated that agentic and communal perceptions were positively associated, and the strength of this within-person association was moderated by between-person scores of dependency and narcissism. We discuss the benefits of incorporating within-person interpersonal associations (termed interpersonal covariation) into interpersonal theory and assessment.
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Gray LR, Tachedjian G, Ellett AM, Roche MJ, Cheng WJ, Guillemin GJ, Brew BJ, Turville SG, Wesselingh SL, Gorry PR, Churchill MJ. The NRTIs lamivudine, stavudine and zidovudine have reduced HIV-1 inhibitory activity in astrocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62196. [PMID: 23614033 PMCID: PMC3628669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 establishes infection in astrocytes and macroage-lineage cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Certain antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) can penetrate the CNS, and are therefore often used in neurologically active combined antiretroviral therapy (Neuro-cART) regimens, but their relative activity in the different susceptible CNS cell populations is unknown. Here, we determined the HIV-1 inhibitory activity of CNS-penetrating ARVs in astrocytes and macrophage-lineage cells. Primary human fetal astrocytes (PFA) and the SVG human astrocyte cell line were used as in vitro models for astrocyte infection, and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were used as an in vitro model for infection of macrophage-lineage cells. The CNS-penetrating ARVs tested were the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) abacavir (ABC), lamivudine (3TC), stavudine (d4T) and zidovudine (ZDV), the non-NRTIs efavirenz (EFV), etravirine (ETR) and nevirapine (NVP), and the integrase inhibitor raltegravir (RAL). Drug inhibition assays were performed using single-round HIV-1 entry assays with luciferase viruses pseudotyped with HIV-1 YU-2 envelope or vesicular stomatitis virus G protein (VSV-G). All the ARVs tested could effectively inhibit HIV-1 infection in macrophages, with EC90s below concentrations known to be achievable in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). Most of the ARVs had similar potency in astrocytes, however the NRTIs 3TC, d4T and ZDV had insufficient HIV-1 inhibitory activity in astrocytes, with EC90s 12-, 187- and 110-fold greater than achievable CSF concentrations, respectively. Our data suggest that 3TC, d4T and ZDV may not adequately target astrocyte infection in vivo, which has potential implications for their inclusion in Neuro-cART regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan R. Gray
- Centre for Virology, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gilda Tachedjian
- Centre for Virology, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne M. Ellett
- Centre for Virology, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J. Roche
- Centre for Virology, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wan-Jung Cheng
- Centre for Virology, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gilles J. Guillemin
- Department of Neurology, and St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bruce J. Brew
- Department of Neurology, and St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Steve L. Wesselingh
- Centre for Virology, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul R. Gorry
- Centre for Virology, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa J. Churchill
- Centre for Virology, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Narcissism research is poorly calibrated across fields of study in part due to confusion over how to integrate normal and pathological descriptions of narcissism. We argue that pathological and normal narcissism can be integrated in a single model that organizes around self-regulation mechanisms. We present theoretical and empirical support for this interpretation, and demonstrate that modeling pathological and normal narcissism as 2 dimensions underlying the narcissistic character can help to resolve some of the inconsistencies in the field regarding how to best assess adaptive and maladaptive expressions of narcissism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Roche
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, 361 Moore Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Abstract
The cognitive-affective processing system (CAPS) has been proposed as a useful metaframework for integrating contextual differences in situations with individual differences in personality pathology. In this article, we evaluated the potential of combining the CAPS metaframework and contemporary interpersonal theory to investigate how individual differences in pathological narcissism influenced interpersonal functioning in daily life. University students (N = 184) completed event-contingent reports about interpersonal interactions across a 7-day diary study. Using multilevel regression models, we found that combinations of narcissistic expression (grandiosity, vulnerability) were associated with different interpersonal behavior patterns reflective of interpersonal dysfunction. These results are among the first to empirically demonstrate the usefulness of the CAPS model to conceptualize personality pathology through the patterning of if-then interpersonal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron L Pincus
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - David E Conroy
- Department of Kinesilogy, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Amanda L Hyde
- Department of Kinesioology, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Nilam Ram
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
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Roche MJ, Madren SM, Tallent CR, Carroll FI, Seltzman HH. Mild acetal cleavage using B-chlorocatecholborane in the synthesis of rearrangement-sensitive 2-arachidonoylglycerol. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
The ingestion of scarlet pimpernel (Lysimachia arvensis L.), also known as red chickweed, has been reported as a cause of death of cattle in Uruguay, and as the suspected cause of deaths of sheep in Australia. It has not previously been reported in association with deaths of cattle in Australia. We report the clinical and pathological findings from four cattle in western Victoria that died with a nephrosis suspected to be secondary to intoxication with scarlet pimpernel.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Roche
- Department of Primary Industries, 78 Henna St, Warrnambool, Victoria 3280, Australia.
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Abstract
Previous research on aversive interpersonal behavior has provided limited links between interpersonal sensitivities and comprehensive models of personality and social behavior. Study 1 (N = 1,336) of this article demonstrated that interpersonal sensitivities can be mapped onto the interpersonal circumplex and that people generally find others' behavior that is least similar to their own generally most aversive. In Study 2 (N = 299), a broader array of correlates with interpersonal sensitivities was investigated, and results again suggested that interpersonal opposites are generally perceived as most aversive. Study 3 (N = 315) specified romantic, platonic, or nonclose relationships and again found this pattern. Conceptualizing sensitivities with the interpersonal circumplex model permits investigators to distinguish general from specific kinds of sensitivity, allows for tests of the convergent and discriminant validity of interpersonal sensitivities, and integrates sensitivities into a well-established nomological net composed of multiple constructs relevant to social behavior and interpersonal dysfunction.
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Roche MJ, Shoss NE, Pincus AL, Ménard KS. Psychopathy moderates the relationship between time in treatment and levels of empathy in incarcerated male sexual offenders. Sex Abuse 2011; 23:171-192. [PMID: 21540362 DOI: 10.1177/1079063211403161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether psychopathy moderated the relationship between time in treatment and forms of empathy in a sample of incarcerated male sexual offenders (N = 58). Empathy was assessed as a general personality trait as well as in attitudes toward specific victim groups (children, women).The three empathy measures were submitted to principal components analysis with oblique rotation, revealing a 3-component solution: general empathy, hostility toward women, and empathy for children. Hierarchical linear regression analyses demonstrated that level of psychopathy significantly moderated the effects of time in treatment on levels of general and victim-specific empathy, such that offenders with higher levels of psychopathy did not exhibit greater empathy with longer reported time in treatment. In contrast, offenders with lower levels of psychopathy exhibited greater empathy with longer time in treatment. Implications for treatment planning for sexual offenders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Roche
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Sterjovski J, Churchill MJ, Ellett A, Gray LR, Roche MJ, Dunfee RL, Purcell DFJ, Saksena N, Wang B, Sonza S, Wesselingh SL, Karlsson I, Fenyo EM, Gabuzda D, Cunningham AL, Gorry PR. Asn 362 in gp120 contributes to enhanced fusogenicity by CCR5-restricted HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein variants from patients with AIDS. Retrovirology 2007; 4:89. [PMID: 18076768 PMCID: PMC2225424 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-4-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CCR5-restricted (R5) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants cause CD4+ T-cell loss in the majority of individuals who progress to AIDS, but mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of R5 strains are poorly understood. To better understand envelope glycoprotein (Env) determinants contributing to pathogenicity of R5 viruses, we characterized 37 full-length R5 Envs from cross-sectional and longitudinal R5 viruses isolated from blood of patients with asymptomatic infection or AIDS, referred to as pre-AIDS (PA) and AIDS (A) R5 Envs, respectively. RESULTS Compared to PA-R5 Envs, A-R5 Envs had enhanced fusogenicity in quantitative cell-cell fusion assays, and reduced sensitivity to inhibition by the fusion inhibitor T-20. Sequence analysis identified the presence of Asn 362 (N362), a potential N-linked glycosylation site immediately N-terminal to CD4-binding site (CD4bs) residues in the C3 region of gp120, more frequently in A-R5 Envs than PA-R5 Envs. N362 was associated with enhanced fusogenicity, faster entry kinetics, and increased sensitivity of Env-pseudotyped reporter viruses to neutralization by the CD4bs-directed Env mAb IgG1b12. Mutagenesis studies showed N362 contributes to enhanced fusogenicity of most A-R5 Envs. Molecular models indicate N362 is located adjacent to the CD4 binding loop of gp120, and suggest N362 may enhance fusogenicity by promoting greater exposure of the CD4bs and/or stabilizing the CD4-bound Env structure. CONCLUSION Enhanced fusogenicity is a phenotype of the A-R5 Envs studied, which was associated with the presence of N362, enhanced HIV-1 entry kinetics and increased CD4bs exposure in gp120. N362 contributes to fusogenicity of R5 Envs in a strain dependent manner. Our studies suggest enhanced fusogenicity of A-R5 Envs may contribute to CD4+ T-cell loss in subjects who progress to AIDS whilst harbouring R5 HIV-1 variants. N362 may contribute to this effect in some individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Sterjovski
- Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research & Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Esteve E, Faure E, Calvo F, Aguillo E, Blasco C, Roche MJ, Mozas P, Pocovi M. SNP3 polymorphism in apo A-V gene is associated with small dense LDL particles in Type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2004; 47:355-6. [PMID: 14722652 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-003-1308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2003] [Revised: 11/12/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Reggio PH, Basu-Dutt S, Barnett-Norris J, Castro MT, Hurst DP, Seltzman HH, Roche MJ, Gilliam AF, Thomas BF, Stevenson LA, Pertwee RG, Abood ME. The bioactive conformation of aminoalkylindoles at the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors: insights gained from (E)- and (Z)-naphthylidene indenes. J Med Chem 1998; 41:5177-87. [PMID: 9857088 DOI: 10.1021/jm9801197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aminoalkylindoles (AAIs) are agonists at both the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors. To determine whether the s-trans or s-cis form of AAIs is their receptor-appropriate conformation, two pairs of rigid AAI analogues were studied. These rigid analogues are naphthylidene-substituted aminoalkylindenes that lack the carbonyl oxygen of the AAIs. Two pairs of (E)- and (Z)-naphthylidene indenes (C-2 H and C-2 Me) were considered. In each pair, the E geometric isomer is intended to mimic the s-trans form of the AAIs, while the Z geometric isomer is intended to mimic the s-cis form. Complete conformational analyses of two AAIs, pravadoline (2) and WIN-55, 212-2 (1), and of each indene were performed using the semiempirical method AM1. S-trans and s-cis conformations of 1 and 2 were identified. AM1 single-point energy calculations revealed that when 1 and each indene were overlayed at their corresponding indole/indene rings, the (E)- and (Z)-indenes were able to overlay naphthyl rings with the corresponding s-trans or s-cis conformer of 1 with an energy expense of 1.13/0.69 kcal/mol for the C-2 H (E/Z)-indenes and 0.82/0.74 kcal/mol for the C-2 Me (E/Z)-indenes. On the basis of the hypothesis that aromatic stacking is the predominant interaction of AAIs such as 1 at the CB receptors and on the demonstration that the C-2 H (E/Z)- and C-2 Me (E/Z)-indene isomers can mimic the positions of the aromatic systems in the s-trans and s-cis conformers of 1, the modeling results support the previously established use of indenes as rigid analogues of the AAIs. A synthesis of the naphthylidene indenes was developed using Horner-Wittig chemistry that afforded the Z isomer in the C-2 H series, which was not produced in significant amounts from an earlier reported indene/aldehyde condensation reaction. This approach was extended to the C-2 Me series as well. Photochemical interconversions in both the C-2 H and C-2 Me series were also successful in obtaining the less favored isomer. Thus, the photochemical process can be used to provide quantities of the minor isomers C-2 H/Z and C-2 Me/E. The CB1 and CB2 affinities as well as the activity of each compound in the twitch response of the guinea pig ileum (GPI) assay were assessed. The E isomer in each series was found to have the higher affinity for both the CB1 and CB2 receptors. In the rat brain membrane assay versus [3H]CP-55,940, the Ki's for the C-2 H/C-2 Me series were 2.72/2.89 nM (E isomer) and 148/1945 nM (Z isomer). In membrane assays versus [3H]SR141716A, a two-site model was indicated for the C-2 H/C-2 Me (E isomers) with Ki's of 10. 8/9.44 nM for the higher-affinity site and 611/602 nM for the lower-affinity site. For the Z isomers, a one-site model was indicated with Ki's of 928/2178 nM obtained for the C2 H/C-2 Me analogues, respectively. For the C-2 H/C-2 Me series, the CB2 Ki's obtained using a cloned cell line were 2.72/2.05 nM (E isomer) and 132/658 nM (Z isomer). In the GPI assay, the relative order of potency was C-2 H E > C-2 Me E > C-2 H Z > C-2 Me Z. The C-2 H E isomer was found to be equipotent with 1, while the C-2 Me Z isomer was inactive at concentrations up to 3.16 microM. Thus, results indicate that the E geometric isomer in each pair of analogues is the isomer with the higher CB1 and CB2 affinities and the higher pharmacological potency. Taken together, results reported here support the hypothesis that the s-trans conformation of AAIs such as 1 is the preferred conformation for interaction at both the CB1 and CB2 receptors and that aromatic stacking may be an important interaction for AAIs at these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Reggio
- Department of Chemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, USA
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Seltzman HH, Roche MJ, Laudeman CP, Wyrick CD, Carroll FI. Protection of the allylic alcohol double bond from catalytic reduction in the preparation of [1-3H]morphine and [1-3H]codeine. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1344(1998090)41:9<811::aid-jlcr132>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Thomas BF, Gilliam AF, Burch DF, Roche MJ, Seltzman HH. Comparative receptor binding analyses of cannabinoid agonists and antagonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1998; 285:285-92. [PMID: 9536023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To further characterize neuronal cannabinoid receptors, we compared the ability of known and novel cannabinoid analogs to compete for receptor sites labeled with either [3H]SR141716A or [3H]CP-55,940. These efforts were also directed toward extending the structure-activity relationships for cannabinoid agonists and antagonists. A series of alternatively halogenated analogs of SR141716A were synthesized and tested in rat brain membrane binding assays along with the classical cannabinoids, Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol, cannabidiol, the nonclassical cannabinoid CP-55,940, the aminoalkylindole WIN55212-2 and the endogenous fatty acid ethanolamide, anandamide. Saturation binding isotherms were performed with both radioligands, as were displacement studies, allowing an accurate comparison to be made between the binding of these various compounds. Competition studies demonstrated that all of the compounds were able to displace the binding of [3H]CP-55,940 with rank order potencies that agreed with previous studies. However, the rank order potencies of these compounds in competition studies with [3H]SR141716A differed significantly from those determined with [3H]CP-55,940. These results suggest that CP-55,940, WIN55212-2 and other agonists interact with cannabinoid binding sites within the brain which are distinguishable from the population of binding sites for SR141716A, its analogs and cannabidiol. Structural modification of SR141716A significantly altered the affinity of the compound and its relative ability to displace either [3H]CP-55,940 or [3H]SR141716A preferentially within the rat brain receptor membrane preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Thomas
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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Estopiñan V, Roche MJ, Gracia P, Faure E. [Primary empty sella turcica and spontaneous cerebrospinal rhinorrhea. A case report]. An Med Interna 1989; 6:603-4. [PMID: 2562707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Roche MJ. [Eulogy for Léon Velluz (1904-1981)]. Bull Acad Natl Med 1982; 166:165-9. [PMID: 6756573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Roche MJ. [A factor activating protein synthesis in rat liver microsomes: its induction by a glucocorticoid hormone]. C R Acad Hebd Seances Acad Sci D 1976; 282:77-9. [PMID: 816531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Injection of glucocorticoid hormone to adrenalectomized rats induces in liver microsomes a factor which stimulates polypeptide synthesis in a cell-free system. The factor is extractable from microsomes by 0.5 M KC1 followed by gel filtration, of the extract. Induction of the activator in glucocorticoid-treated rats contribute higher protein-synthesizing ability of the microsomes following hormone administration.
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Moreaud E, Lacoste AM, Neuzil ME, Roche MJ. [The action of several phosphotransferases on phosphonic derivatives of natural guanidine compounds]. C R Acad Hebd Seances Acad Sci D 1975; 280:1309-12. [PMID: 167991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Jaros GG, Moonen G, Sensenbrenner M, Mandel P, Roche MJ. [Culture of dissociated cells from cerebral hemisphere of essentially neuronal make up]. C R Acad Hebd Seances Acad Sci D 1975; 280:327-30. [PMID: 808335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Four methods are described to obtain pure neuronal cultures from chick embryo cerebral hemispheres. In our experimental conditions the proliferation of the glial cells in inhibited and cultures of either low or high neuronal density are obtained. The isolated neurons, however, did not survive longer than 8 to 10 days; the contact with glial cells seems to be necessary for the maintenance of the neurons in long-term cultures.
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