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Sanchez-Alvarez K, Rosales-Mendoza S, Reyes-Barrera KL, Moreno-Fierros L, Soria-Guerra RE, Castillo-Collazo R, Monreal-Escalente E, Alpuche-Solis AG. Antibodies induced by oral immunization of mice with a recombinant protein produced in tobacco plants harboring Bordetella pertussis epitopes. PLANT CELL, TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE 2021; 147:85-96. [PMID: 34276113 PMCID: PMC8272453 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-021-02107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bordetella pertusis causes whooping cough or pertussis, disease that has not been eradicated and is reemerging despite the availability and massive application for decades of vaccines, such as Boostrix® which is an acellular vaccine harboring two regions of S1 subunit of the pertussis toxin, one region of filamentous hemagglutinin and one region of pertactin. In 2008, the World Health Organization estimated 16 million new cases and 95% occurred in developing countries with 195,000 children's deaths. We attempt to improve the vaccine against whooping cough and reduce its production costs by obtaining plants and bacteria expressing a heterologous protein harboring pertactin, pertussis toxin, and filamentous hemagglutinin epitopes from B. pertussis and assessing its immunogenicity after oral administration to mice. First, we designed a synthetic gene that encodes a multiepitope, then it was cloned into a vector for transient transformation by infiltration of tobacco plants with low amounts of nicotine; the codon bias-optimized construct was also cloned into an Escherichia coli expression vector. Recombinant proteins from E. coli cells (PTF) and tobacco leaves (PTF-M3') were purified by nickel affinity with a yield of 0.740 mg of recombinant protein per g dry weight. Purified recombinant proteins were administered orally to groups of Balb/c mice using the Boostrix® vaccine and vehicle (PBS) as positive and negative controls, respectively. A higher mucosal and systemic antibody responses were obtained in mice receiving the PTF and PTF-M3' proteins than Boostrix® or PBS. These findings prove the concept that oral administration of multiepitope recombinant proteins expressed in plants may be a potential edible vaccine. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11240-021-02107-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Sanchez-Alvarez
- División de Biología Molecular, IPICYT, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, 78216 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. México
| | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, 78210 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. México
| | - Karen L. Reyes-Barrera
- División de Biología Molecular, IPICYT, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, 78216 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. México
| | - Leticia Moreno-Fierros
- Inmunidad en Mucosas, UBIMED, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, 54090 Tlalnepantla, México
| | - Ruth E. Soria-Guerra
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, 78210 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. México
| | - Rosalba Castillo-Collazo
- División de Biología Molecular, IPICYT, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, 78216 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. México
| | - Elizabeth Monreal-Escalente
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, 78210 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. México
| | - Angel G. Alpuche-Solis
- División de Biología Molecular, IPICYT, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, 78216 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. México
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Khan I, Daniell H. Oral delivery of therapeutic proteins bioencapsulated in plant cells: preclinical and clinical advances. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 54. [PMID: 33967586 DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oral delivery of protein drugs (PDs) made in plant cells could revolutionize current approaches of their production and delivery. Expression of PDs reduces their production cost by elimination of prohibitively expensive fermentation, purification, cold transportation/storage, and sterile injections and increases their shelf life for several years. Ability of plant cell wall to protect PDs from digestive acids/enzymes, commensal bacteria to release PDs in gut lumen after lysis of plant cell wall and role of GALT in inducing tolerance facilitate prevention or treatment allergic, autoimmune diseases or anti-drug antibody responses. Delivery of functional proteins facilitate treatment of inherited or metabolic disorders. Recent advances in making PDs free of antibiotic resistance genes in edible plant cells, long-term storage at ambient temperature maintaining their efficacy, production in cGMP facilities, IND enabling studies for clinical advancement and FDA approval of orally delivered PDs augur well for advancing this novel drug delivery platform technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Ghag SB, Adki VS, Ganapathi TR, Bapat VA. Plant Platforms for Efficient Heterologous Protein Production. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021; 26:546-567. [PMID: 34393545 PMCID: PMC8346785 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Production of recombinant proteins is primarily established in cultures of mammalian, insect and bacterial cells. Concurrently, concept of using plants to produce high-value pharmaceuticals such as vaccines, antibodies, and dietary proteins have received worldwide attention. Newer technologies for plant transformation such as plastid engineering, agroinfiltration, magnifection, and deconstructed viral vectors have been used to enhance the protein production in plants along with the inherent advantage of speed, scale, and cost of production in plant systems. Production of therapeutic proteins in plants has now a more pragmatic approach when several plant-produced vaccines and antibodies successfully completed Phase I clinical trials in humans and were further scheduled for regulatory approvals to manufacture clinical grade products on a large scale which are safe, efficacious, and meet the quality standards. The main thrust of this review is to summarize the data accumulated over the last two decades and recent development and achievements of the plant derived therapeutics. It also attempts to discuss different strategies employed to increase the production so as to make plants more competitive with the established production systems in this industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhesh B. Ghag
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai campus, Kalina, Santacruz, Mumbai, 400098 India
| | - Vinayak S. Adki
- V. G. Shivdare College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Solapur, Maharashtra 413004 India
| | - Thumballi R. Ganapathi
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085 India
| | - Vishwas A. Bapat
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416004 India
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Daniell H, Kulis M, Herzog RW. Plant cell-made protein antigens for induction of Oral tolerance. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107413. [PMID: 31251968 PMCID: PMC6842683 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The gut associated lymphoid tissue has effective mechanisms in place to maintain tolerance to food antigens. These can be exploited to induce antigen-specific tolerance for the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases and severe allergies and to prevent serious immune responses in protein replacement therapies for genetic diseases. An oral tolerance approach for the prevention of peanut allergy in infants proved highly efficacious and advances in treatment of peanut allergy have brought forth an oral immunotherapy drug that is currently awaiting FDA approval. Several other protein antigens made in plant cells are in clinical development. Plant cell-made proteins are protected in the stomach from acids and enzymes after their oral delivery because of bioencapsulation within plant cell wall, but are released to the immune system upon digestion by gut microbes. Utilization of fusion protein technologies facilitates their delivery to the immune system, oral tolerance induction at low antigen doses, resulting in efficient induction of FoxP3+ and latency-associated peptide (LAP)+ regulatory T cells that express immune suppressive cytokines such as IL-10. LAP and IL-10 expression represent potential biomarkers for plant-based oral tolerance. Efficacy studies in hemophilia dogs support clinical development of oral delivery of bioencapsulated antigens to prevent anti-drug antibody formation. Production of clinical grade materials in cGMP facilities, stability of antigens in lyophilized plant cells for several years when stored at ambient temperature, efficacy of oral delivery of human doses in large animal models and lack of toxicity augur well for clinical advancement of this novel drug delivery concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Daniell
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Michael Kulis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Roland W Herzog
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Zhu H, Reynolds LB, Menassa R. A hyper-thermostable α-amylase from Pyrococcus furiosus accumulates in Nicotiana tabacum as functional aggregates. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:53. [PMID: 28629346 PMCID: PMC5477289 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha amylase hydrolyzes α-bonds of polysaccharides such as starch and produces malto-oligosaccharides. Its starch saccharification applications make it an essential enzyme in the textile, food and brewing industries. Commercially available α-amylase is mostly produced from Bacillus or Aspergillus. A hyper-thermostable and Ca 2++ independent α-amylase from Pyrococcus furiosus (PFA) expressed in E.coli forms insoluble inclusion bodies and thus is not feasible for industrial applications. RESULTS We expressed PFA in Nicotiana tabacum and found that plant-produced PFA forms functional aggregates with an accumulation level up to 3.4 g/kg FW (fresh weight) in field conditions. The aggregates are functional without requiring refolding and therefore have potential to be applied as homogenized plant tissue without extraction or purification. PFA can also be extracted from plant tissue upon dissolution in a mild reducing buffer containing SDS. Like the enzyme produced in P. furiosus and in E. coli, plant produced PFA preserves hyper-thermophilicity and hyper-thermostability and has a long shelf life when stored in lyophilized leaf tissue. With tobacco's large biomass and high yield, hyper-thermostable α-amylase was produced at a scale of 42 kg per hectare. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco may be a suitable bioreactor for industrial production of active hyperthermostable alpha amylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario Canada
| | - L. Bruce Reynolds
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario Canada
| | - Rima Menassa
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario Canada
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Xiao B, Tan Y, Long N, Chen X, Tong Z, Dong Y, Li Y. SNP-based genetic linkage map of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) using next-generation RAD sequencing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:11. [PMID: 26473145 PMCID: PMC4607152 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-015-0034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is an important model system, which has been widely used in plant physiological studies and it is particularly useful as a bioreactor. Despite its importance, only limited molecular marker resources are available for genome analysis, genetic mapping and breeding. Restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) is a powerful new method for targeted sequencing across the genomes of many individuals. This approach has broad potential for genetic analysis through linkage mapping. Results We constructed a RAD library using genomic DNA from a BC1 backcross population. Sequencing of 196 individuals was performed on an Illumina HiSeq 2500. Two linkage maps were constructed, one with a reference genome and another, termed as de novo identification of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) by RAD-seq, without a reference genome. Overall, 4138 and 2162 SNP markers with a total length of 1944.74 and 2000.9 cM were mapped to 24 linkage groups in the genetic maps based on reference genome and without reference, respectively. Conclusions Using two different SNP discovery methods based on next generation RAD sequencing technology, we have respectively mapped 2162 and 4318 SNPs in our backcross population. This study gives an excellent example for high density linkage map construction, irrespective of genome sequence availability, and provides saturated information for downstream genetic investigations such as quantitative trait locus analyses or genomic selection (e.g. bioreactor suitable cultivars). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40709-015-0034-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingguang Xiao
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Science, Yuantong Street No. 33, Kunming, 650021 Yunnan China
| | - Yuntao Tan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, JingMing South Road No. 727, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan China
| | - Ni Long
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, JingMing South Road No. 727, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan China
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Science, Yuantong Street No. 33, Kunming, 650021 Yunnan China
| | - Zhijun Tong
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Science, Yuantong Street No. 33, Kunming, 650021 Yunnan China
| | - Yang Dong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, JingMing South Road No. 727, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan China
| | - Yongping Li
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Science, Yuantong Street No. 33, Kunming, 650021 Yunnan China
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Saberianfar R, Joensuu JJ, Conley AJ, Menassa R. Protein body formation in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana: a concentration-dependent mechanism influenced by the presence of fusion tags. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:927-37. [PMID: 25640969 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Protein bodies (PBs) are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) derived organelles originally found in seeds whose function is to accumulate seed storage proteins. It has been shown that PB formation is not limited to seeds and green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to either elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) or hydrophobin (HFBI) fusion tags induce the formation of PBs in leaves of N. benthamiana. In this study, we compared the ELP- and HFBI-induced PBs and showed that ELP-induced PBs are larger than HFBI-induced PBs. The size of ELP- and HFBI-induced PBs increased over time along with the accumulation levels of their fused protein. Our results show that PB formation is a concentration-dependent mechanism in which proteins accumulating at levels higher than 0.2% of total soluble protein are capable of inducing PBs in vivo. Our results show that the presence of fusion tags is not necessary for the formation of PBs, but affects the distribution pattern and size of PBs. This was confirmed by PBs induced by fluorescent proteins as well as fungal xylanases. We noticed that in the process of PB formation, secretory and ER-resident molecules are passively sequestered into the lumen of PBs. We propose to use this property of PBs as a tool to increase the accumulation levels of erythropoietin and human interleukin-10 by co-expression with PB-inducing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Saberianfar
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Rima Menassa
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
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Thomas DR, Walmsley AM. The effect of the unfolded protein response on the production of recombinant proteins in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:179-87. [PMID: 25187294 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant proteins are currently produced through a wide variety of host systems, including yeast, E. coli, insect and mammalian cells. One of the most recent systems developed uses plant cells. While considerable advances have been made in the yields and fidelity of plant-made recombinant proteins, many of these gains have arisen from the development of recombinant factors. This includes elements such as highly effective promoters and untranslated regions, deconstructed viral vectors, silencing inhibitors, and improved DNA delivery techniques. However, unlike other host systems, much of the work on recombinant protein production in plants uses wild-type hosts that have not been modified to facilitate recombinant protein expression. As such, there are still endogenous mechanisms functioning to maintain the health of the cell. The result is that these pathways, such as the unfolded protein response, can actively work to reduce recombinant protein production to maintain the integrity of the cell. This review examines how issues arising from the unfolded protein response have been addressed in other systems, and how these methods may be transferable to plant systems. We further identify several areas of host plant biology that present attractive targets for modification to facilitate recombinant protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rhys Thomas
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia,
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Chen L, Dempsey BR, Gyenis L, Menassa R, Brandle JE, Dhaubhadel S. Identification of the factors that control synthesis and accumulation of a therapeutic protein, human immune-regulatory interleukin-10, in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2013; 11:546-554. [PMID: 23301867 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants are one of the most economical platforms for large-scale production of recombinant proteins for biopharmaceutical and industrial uses. A large number of human recombinant proteins of therapeutic value have been successfully produced in plant systems. One of the main technical challenges of producing recombinant proteins in plants is to obtain sufficient level of protein. This research aims to identify the factors that control synthesis and accumulation of recombinant proteins in stable transgenic plants. A stepwise dissection of human immune-regulatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) protein production was carried out using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system. EMS-mutagenized transgenic Arabidopsis IL-10 lines, at2762 and at3262, produced significantly higher amount of IL-10 protein than the non-mutagenized IL-10 line (WT-IL-10). The fates of trans-gene in these sets of plants were compared in detail by measuring synthesis and accumulation of IL-10 transcript, transcript stability, protein synthesis and IL-10 protein accumulation. The IL-10 transcripts were more stable in at2762 and at3262 lines than WT-IL-10, which may contribute to higher protein synthesis in these lines. To evaluate whether translational regulation of IL-10 controls its synthesis in non-mutagenized WT-IL-10 and higher IL-10 accumulating mutant lines, we measured the efficiency of the translational machinery. Our results indicate that mutant lines with higher trans-gene expression contain more robust and efficient translational machinery compared with the control line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
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Festa M, Brun P, Piccinini R, Castagliuolo I, Basso B, Zecconi A. Staphylococcus aureus Efb protein expression in Nicotiana tabacum and immune response to oral administration. Res Vet Sci 2013; 94:484-9. [PMID: 23158852 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most widespread agent of diseases in humans and animals. In dairy cows, S. aureus is the most frequently isolated contagious pathogens in mastitis cases and vaccines are one of the potential tools to control the infections, thus decreasing the use of antibiotics. Among all the virulence factors produced by S. aureus, extra cellular fibrinogen binding protein (Efb) is an important one in the pathogenesis of mastitis. Plants are useful bioreactors to produce antigens and the aim of the study was the production of Efb in two cultivars of Nicotiana tabacum as a mean to produce vaccine against S. aureus in plants. A matrix attachment region (MAR) sequence was inserted near the two borders of transfer-DNA in the transformation vector in the two possible orientations. The presence of MAR elements in the transformation system significantly improved transformation efficiency and Efb protein yield up to a 2% level on total soluble protein (TSP). Mice orally immunized with transgenic lyophilized leaves produced an antigen-specific immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Festa
- Institute of Biophysics CNR-Dept. Life Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Kaldis A, Ahmad A, Reid A, McGarvey B, Brandle J, Ma S, Jevnikar A, Kohalmi SE, Menassa R. High-level production of human interleukin-10 fusions in tobacco cell suspension cultures. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2013; 11:535-45. [PMID: 23297698 PMCID: PMC3712471 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The production of pharmaceutical proteins in plants has made much progress in recent years with the development of transient expression systems, transplastomic technology and humanizing glycosylation patterns in plants. However, the first therapeutic proteins approved for administration to humans and animals were made in plant cell suspensions for reasons of containment, rapid scale-up and lack of toxic contaminants. In this study, we have investigated the production of human interleukin-10 (IL-10) in tobacco BY-2 cell suspension and evaluated the effect of an elastin-like polypeptide tag (ELP) and a green fluorescent protein (GFP) tag on IL-10 accumulation. We report the highest accumulation levels of hIL-10 obtained with any stable plant expression system using the ELP fusion strategy. Although IL-10-ELP has cytokine activity, its activity is reduced compared to unfused IL-10, likely caused by interference of ELP with folding of IL-10. Green fluorescent protein has no effect on IL-10 accumulation, but examining the trafficking of IL-10-GFP over the cell culture cycle revealed fluorescence in the vacuole during the stationary phase of the culture growth cycle. Analysis of isolated vacuoles indicated that GFP alone is found in vacuoles, while the full-size fusion remains in the whole-cell extract. This indicates that GFP is cleaved off prior to its trafficking to the vacuole. On the other hand, IL-10-GFP-ELP remains mostly in the ER and accumulates to high levels. Protein bodies were observed at the end of the culture cycle and are thought to arise as a consequence of high levels of accumulation in the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Kaldis
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaLondon, ON, Canada
| | - Adil Ahmad
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaLondon, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, Western UniversityLondon, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandra Reid
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaLondon, ON, Canada
| | - Brian McGarvey
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaLondon, ON, Canada
| | - Jim Brandle
- Vineland Research and Innovation CentreVineland Station, ON, Canada
| | - Shengwu Ma
- Department of Biology, Western UniversityLondon, ON, Canada
- Transplantation Immunology Group, Lawson Health Research InstituteLondon, ON, Canada
- Plantigen Inc.London, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony Jevnikar
- Transplantation Immunology Group, Lawson Health Research InstituteLondon, ON, Canada
- Plantigen Inc.London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Rima Menassa
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaLondon, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, Western UniversityLondon, ON, Canada
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12
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Gutiérrez SP, Saberianfar R, Kohalmi SE, Menassa R. Protein body formation in stable transgenic tobacco expressing elastin-like polypeptide and hydrophobin fusion proteins. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:40. [PMID: 23663656 PMCID: PMC3659085 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants are recognized as an efficient and inexpensive system to produce valuable recombinant proteins. Two different strategies have been commonly used for the expression of recombinant proteins in plants: transient expression mediated by Agrobacterium; or stable transformation of the plant genome. However, the use of plants as bioreactors still faces two main limitations: low accumulation levels of some recombinant proteins and lack of efficient purification methods. Elastin-like polypeptide (ELP), hydrophobin I (HFBI) and Zera® are three fusion partners found to increase the accumulation levels of recombinant proteins and induce the formation of protein bodies (PBs) in leaves when targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in transient expression assays. In this study the effects of ELP and HFBI fusion tags on recombinant protein accumulation levels and PB formation was examined in stable transgenic Nicotiana tabacum. RESULTS The accumulation of recombinant protein and PB formation was evaluated in two cultivars of Nicotiana tabacum transformed with green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to ELP or HFBI, both targeted and retrieved to the ER. The ELP and HFBI tags increased the accumulation of the recombinant protein and induced the formation of PBs in leaves of stable transgenic plants from both cultivars. Furthermore, these tags induced the formation of PBs in a concentration-dependent manner, where a specific level of recombinant protein accumulation was required for PBs to appear. Moreover, agro-infiltration of plants accumulating low levels of recombinant protein with p19, a suppressor of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), increased accumulation levels in four independent transgenic lines, suggesting that PTGS might have caused the low accumulation levels in these plants. CONCLUSION The use of ELP and HFBI tags as fusion partners in stable transgenic plants of tobacco is feasible and promising. In a constitutive environment, these tags increase the accumulation levels of the recombinant protein and induce the formation of PBs regardless of the cultivar used. However, a specific level of recombinant protein accumulation needs to be reached for PBs to form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia P Gutiérrez
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Reza Saberianfar
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Susanne E Kohalmi
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rima Menassa
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
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Yang L, Hirose S, Takahashi H, Kawakatsu T, Takaiwa F. Recombinant protein yield in rice seed is enhanced by specific suppression of endogenous seed proteins at the same deposit site. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2012; 10:1035-45. [PMID: 22882653 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2012.00731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Human IL-10 (hIL-10) is a therapeutic treatment candidate for inflammatory allergy and autoimmune diseases. Rice seed-produced IL-10 can be effectively delivered directly to gut-associated lymphoreticular tissue (GALT) via bio-encapsulation. Previously, the codon-optimized hIL-10 gene was expressed in transgenic rice with the signal peptide and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal (KDEL) at its 5' and 3' ends, respectively, under the control of the endosperm-specific glutelin GluB-1 promoter. The resulting purified hIL-10 was biologically active. In this study, the yield of hIL-10 in transgenic rice seed was improved. This protein accumulated at the intended deposition sites, which had been made vacant through the selective reduction, via RNA interference, of the endogenous seed storage proteins prolamins or glutelins. Upon suppression of prolamins that were sequestered into ER-derived protein bodies (PB-I), hIL-10 accumulation increased approximately 3-fold as compared to rice seed with no such suppression and reached 219 μg/grain. In contrast, reducing the majority of the glutelins stored in protein-storage vacuoles (PB-II) did not significantly affect the accumulation of hIL-10. Considering that hIL-10 is synthesized in the ER lumen and subsequently buds off in ER-derived granules called IL-10 granules in a manner similar to PB-Is, these results indicate that increases in the available deposition space for the desired recombinant proteins may be crucial for improvements in yield. Furthermore, efficient dimeric intermolecular formation of hIL-10 by inhibiting interaction with Cys-rich prolamins also contributed to the enhanced formation of IL-10 bodies. Higher yield of hIL-10 produced in rice seeds is expected to have broad application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yang
- Functional Transgenic Crops Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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14
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Westerhof LB, Wilbers RHP, Roosien J, van de Velde J, Goverse A, Bakker J, Schots A. 3D domain swapping causes extensive multimerisation of human interleukin-10 when expressed in planta. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46460. [PMID: 23049703 PMCID: PMC3462211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterologous expression platforms of biopharmaceutical proteins have been significantly improved over the last decade. Further improvement can be established by examining the intrinsic properties of proteins. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine with a short half-life that plays an important role in re-establishing immune homeostasis. This homodimeric protein of 36 kDa has significant therapeutic potential to treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In this study we show that the major production bottleneck of human IL-10 is not protein instability as previously suggested, but extensive multimerisation due to its intrinsic 3D domain swapping characteristic. Extensive multimerisation of human IL-10 could be visualised as granules in planta. On the other hand, mouse IL-10 hardly multimerised, which could be largely attributed to its glycosylation. By introducing a short glycine-serine-linker between the fourth and fifth alpha helix of human IL-10 a stable monomeric form of IL-10 (hIL-10(mono)) was created that no longer multimerised and increased yield up to 20-fold. However, hIL-10(mono) no longer had the ability to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Forcing dimerisation restored biological activity. This was achieved by fusing human IL-10(mono) to the C-terminal end of constant domains 2 and 3 of human immunoglobulin A (Fcα), a natural dimer. Stable dimeric forms of IL-10, like Fcα-IL-10, may not only be a better format for improved production, but also a more suitable format for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte B Westerhof
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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15
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Kolotilin I, Kaldis A, Devriendt B, Joensuu J, Cox E, Menassa R. Production of a subunit vaccine candidate against porcine post-weaning diarrhea in high-biomass transplastomic tobacco. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42405. [PMID: 22879967 PMCID: PMC3411772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in piglets is a major problem in piggeries worldwide and results in severe economic losses. Infection with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the key culprit for the PWD disease. F4 fimbriae of ETEC are highly stable proteinaceous polymers, mainly composed of the major structural subunit FaeG, with a capacity to evoke mucosal immune responses, thus demonstrating a potential to act as an oral vaccine against ETEC-induced porcine PWD. In this study we used a transplastomic approach in tobacco to produce a recombinant variant of the FaeG protein, rFaeG(ntd/dsc), engineered for expression as a stable monomer by N-terminal deletion and donor strand-complementation (ntd/dsc). The generated transplastomic tobacco plants accumulated up to 2.0 g rFaeG(ntd/dsc) per 1 kg fresh leaf tissue (more than 1% of dry leaf tissue) and showed normal phenotype indistinguishable from wild type untransformed plants. We determined that chloroplast-produced rFaeG(ntd/dsc) protein retained the key properties of an oral vaccine, i.e. binding to porcine intestinal F4 receptors (F4R), and inhibition of the F4-possessing (F4+) ETEC attachment to F4R. Additionally, the plant biomass matrix was shown to delay degradation of the chloroplast-produced rFaeG(ntd/dsc) in gastrointestinal conditions, demonstrating a potential to function as a shelter-vehicle for vaccine delivery. These results suggest that transplastomic plants expressing the rFaeG(ntd/dsc) protein could be used for production and, possibly, delivery of an oral vaccine against porcine F4+ ETEC infections. Our findings therefore present a feasible approach for developing an oral vaccination strategy against porcine PWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Kolotilin
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angelo Kaldis
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bert Devriendt
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jussi Joensuu
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Eric Cox
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Rima Menassa
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Ling HY, Edwards AM, Gantier MP, DeBoer KD, Neale AD, Hamill JD, Walmsley AM. An interspecific Nicotiana hybrid as a useful and cost-effective platform for production of animal vaccines. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35688. [PMID: 22539991 PMCID: PMC3334924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of transgenic plants to produce novel products has great biotechnological potential as the relatively inexpensive inputs of light, water, and nutrients are utilised in return for potentially valuable bioactive metabolites, diagnostic proteins and vaccines. Extensive research is ongoing in this area internationally with the aim of producing plant-made vaccines of importance for both animals and humans. Vaccine purification is generally regarded as being integral to the preparation of safe and effective vaccines for use in humans. However, the use of crude plant extracts for animal immunisation may enable plant-made vaccines to become a cost-effective and efficacious approach to safely immunise large numbers of farm animals against diseases such as avian influenza. Since the technology associated with genetic transformation and large-scale propagation is very well established in Nicotiana, the genus has attributes well-suited for the production of plant-made vaccines. However the presence of potentially toxic alkaloids in Nicotiana extracts impedes their use as crude vaccine preparations. In the current study we describe a Nicotiana tabacum and N. glauca hybrid that expresses the HA glycoprotein of influenza A in its leaves but does not synthesize alkaloids. We demonstrate that injection with crude leaf extracts from these interspecific hybrid plants is a safe and effective approach for immunising mice. Moreover, this antigen-producing alkaloid-free, transgenic interspecific hybrid is vigorous, with a high capacity for vegetative shoot regeneration after harvesting. These plants are easily propagated by vegetative cuttings and have the added benefit of not producing viable pollen, thus reducing potential problems associated with bio-containment. Hence, these Nicotiana hybrids provide an advantageous production platform for partially purified, plant-made vaccines which may be particularly well suited for use in veterinary immunization programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Yian Ling
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aaron M. Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael P. Gantier
- Monash Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Cancer Research, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathleen D. DeBoer
- Department of Anatomy and Development Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alan D. Neale
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John D. Hamill
- Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, University of Melbourne, Creswick, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda M. Walmsley
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Soria-Guerra RE, Moreno-Fierros L, Rosales-Mendoza S. Two decades of plant-based candidate vaccines: a review of the chimeric protein approaches. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011; 30:1367-1382. [PMID: 21505834 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Genetic engineering revolutionized the concept of traditional vaccines since subunit vaccines became reality. Additionally, over the past two decades plant-derived antigens have been studied as potential vaccines with several advantages, including low cost and convenient administration. More specifically, genetic fusions allowed the expression of fusion proteins carrying two or more components with the aim to elicit immune responses against different targets, including antigens from distinct pathogens or strains. This review aims to provide an update in the field of the production of plant-based vaccine, focusing on those approaches based on the production of chimeric proteins comprising antigens from human pathogens, emphasizing the case of cholera toxin/E. coli enterotoxin fusions, chimeric viruses like particles approaches as well as the possible use of adjuvant-producing plants as expression hosts. Challenges for the near future in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Elena Soria-Guerra
- Laboratorio de biofarmacéuticos recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, 78210, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico
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18
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Conley AJ, Zhu H, Le LC, Jevnikar AM, Lee BH, Brandle JE, Menassa R. Recombinant protein production in a variety of Nicotiana hosts: a comparative analysis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2011; 9:434-44. [PMID: 21040385 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2010.00563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although many different crop species have been used to produce a wide range of vaccines, antibodies, biopharmaceuticals and industrial enzymes, tobacco has the most established history for the production of recombinant proteins. To further improve the heterologous protein yield of tobacco platforms, transient and stable expression of four recombinant proteins (i.e. human erythropoietin and interleukin-10, an antibody against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and a hyperthermostable α-amylase) was evaluated in numerous species and cultivars of Nicotiana. Whereas the transient level of recombinant protein accumulation varied significantly amongst the different Nicotiana plant hosts, the variety of Nicotiana had little practical impact on the recombinant protein concentration in stable transgenic plants. In addition, this study examined the growth rate, amount of leaf biomass, total soluble protein levels and the alkaloid content of the various Nicotiana varieties to establish the best plant platform for commercial production of recombinant proteins. Of the 52 Nicotiana varieties evaluated, Nicotiana tabacum (cv. I 64) produced the highest transient concentrations of recombinant proteins, in addition to producing a large amount of biomass and a relatively low quantity of alkaloids, probably making it the most effective plant host for recombinant protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Conley
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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19
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Penney CA, Thomas DR, Deen SS, Walmsley AM. Plant-made vaccines in support of the Millennium Development Goals. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011; 30:789-98. [PMID: 21243362 PMCID: PMC3075396 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-010-0995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are one of the most successful public health achievements of the last century. Systematic immunisation programs have reduced the burden of infectious diseases on a global scale. However, there are limitations to the current technology, which often requires costly infrastructure and long lead times for production. Furthermore, the requirement to keep vaccines within the cold-chain throughout manufacture, transport and storage is often impractical and prohibitively expensive in developing countries-the very regions where vaccines are most needed. In contrast, plant-made vaccines (PMVs) can be produced at a lower cost using basic greenhouse agricultural methods, and do not need to be kept within such narrow temperature ranges. This increases the feasibility of developing countries producing vaccines locally at a small-scale to target the specific needs of the region. Additionally, the ability of plant-production technologies to rapidly produce large quantities of strain-specific vaccine demonstrates their potential use in combating pandemics. PMVs are a proven technology that has the potential to play an important role in increasing global health, both in the context of the 2015 Millennium Development Goals and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A. Penney
- Department of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - David R. Thomas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Sadia S. Deen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Amanda M. Walmsley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
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20
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Chiaiese P, Minutolo M, Arciello A, Guglielmi F, Guglielmini F, Piccoli R, Filippone E. Expression of human apolipoprotein A-I in Nicotiana tabacum. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 33:159-65. [PMID: 20820879 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-010-0388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Several transgenic tobacco lines expressing human apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) were obtained. Western blot analyses indicated the expression of the recombinant protein in plant organs at various stages of development, including senescent leaves. A cell line expressing human ApoA-I was established from a T(1) transgenic plant. Recombinant ApoA-I was isolated either from extracts of transgenic leaves and from the culture medium of transgenic cells using an antibody-based one-step procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Chiaiese
- Department of Soil, Plant, Environmental and Animal Production Sciences, School of Biotechnological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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21
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Prevention measures and exploratory pharmacological treatments of celiac disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2010; 105:2551-61; quiz 2562. [PMID: 20877349 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2010.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing prevalence, protean clinical manifestations, and lack of pharmacological therapy make celiac disease (CD) a complex and highly relevant illness in gastroenterology. This chronic inflammatory disorder of the small intestine is caused by the ingestion of gluten containing cereals in genetically susceptible individuals, leading to a variety of gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI manifestations. Awareness among physicians is growing due to accessible and highly accurate diagnostic and screening methods. Recent evidence suggests a possible rising incidence of CD. Environmental factors such as early life gluten exposure, intestinal infections, short duration of breast-feeding, and changes in intestinal microbiota have been proposed to have a role in CD pathogenesis. Thus, prevention approaches to diminish the rising prevalence of CD are currently being evaluated. Still, the cornerstone treatment of CD remains a strict gluten-free diet. This nutritional regime is demanding, and non-adherence is common because of social isolation, financial issues, or restriction of food diversity. Allowing patients to occasionally consume small amounts of gluten would greatly improve their quality of life. Owing to recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of CD, different targets have been identified and have motivated the development of several experimental therapeutic strategies. The main goal of this review is to discuss the mechanisms that can be exploited therapeutically to prevent or delay CD, disease associations and its complications. Current treatments for complications of CD, including refractory CD and malignancy, are beyond the scope of this review.
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22
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Avesani L, Bortesi L, Santi L, Falorni A, Pezzotti M. Plant-made pharmaceuticals for the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases: where are we? Expert Rev Vaccines 2010; 9:957-69. [PMID: 20673017 DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Molecular farming in plants or plant cell cultures represents a viable alternative technology that holds great promise for the low-cost and large-scale production of recombinant proteins. The particular case of plant-based vaccines for the prevention of autoimmune diseases is addressed here, presenting a comprehensive overview of the different molecules and expression technologies that have been investigated so far in both academia and industry. The potential of plants not only as bioreactors but also as delivery systems for pharmaceuticals is discussed, and the advantages of oral delivery of autoantigens for the induction of immune tolerance are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Avesani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Italy
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23
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Granell A, Fernández del-Carmen A, Orzáez D. In planta production of plant-derived and non-plant-derived adjuvants. Expert Rev Vaccines 2010; 9:843-58. [PMID: 20673009 DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant antigen production in plants is a safe and economically sound strategy for vaccine development, particularly for oral/mucosal vaccination, but subunit vaccines usually suffer from weak immunogenicity and require adjuvants that escort the antigens, target them to relevant sites and/or activate antigen-presenting cells for elicitation of protective immunity. Genetic fusions of antigens with bacterial adjuvants as the B subunit of the cholera toxin have been successful in inducing protective immunity of plant-made vaccines. In addition, several plant compounds, mainly plant defensive molecules as lectins and saponins, have shown strong adjuvant activities. The molecular diversity of the plant kingdom offers a vast source of non-bacterial compounds with adjuvant activity, which can be assayed in emerging plant manufacturing systems for the design of new plant vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Granell
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain
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24
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Extraction and purification of human interleukin-10 from transgenic rice seeds. Protein Expr Purif 2010; 72:125-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2010.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Sánchez-Hernández C, Gutiérrez-Ortega A, Aguilar-León D, Hernández-Pando R, Gómez-Lim M, Gómez-García B. In vivo activity of plant-based interleukin-12 in the lung of Balb/c mouse. BMC Res Notes 2010; 3:151. [PMID: 20507618 PMCID: PMC2888828 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-3-151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the last years, plants are being used for the production of a wide variety of biopharmaceuticals, including cytokines, and have the potential to serve as vehicles for mucosal administration of these molecules. We had previously reported the expression of a cytokine, interleukin-12 (IL-12), in transgenic tomato plants and had demonstrated that it retained its biologic activity in vitro. Findings In this work, we administered crude extracts of IL-12-containing tomato fruits to mice through the intratracheal route, measuring endogenous IL-12 and determining biologic activity by quantification of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in lungs and by histological analysis. IFN-γ expression in lungs, as well as histological analysis, indicate that tomato-expressed IL-12 retains its biologic activity and, most importantly, its effects are restricted to the site of administration. Conclusion Our results indicate that the functional activity of tomato-expressed IL-12 is comparable to that of commercial recombinant IL-12 when given via the mucosal route. This opens the possibility of using crude extracts prepared from tomatoes expressing IL-12 for certain immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sánchez-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A,C,, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
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26
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Tremblay R, Wang D, Jevnikar AM, Ma S. Tobacco, a highly efficient green bioreactor for production of therapeutic proteins. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:214-21. [PMID: 19961918 PMCID: PMC7132750 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Revised: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular farming of pharmaceuticals in plants has the potential to provide almost unlimited amounts of recombinant proteins for use in disease diagnosis, prevention or treatment. Tobacco has been and will continue to be a major crop for molecular farming and offers several practical advantages over other crops. It produces significant leaf biomass, has high soluble protein content and is a non-food crop, minimizing the risk of food-chain contamination. This, combined with its flexibility and highly-efficient genetic transformation/regeneration, has made tobacco particularly well suited for plant-based production of biopharmaceutical products. The goal of this review is to provide an update on the use of tobacco for molecular farming of biopharmaceuticals as well the technologies developed to enhance protein production/purification/efficacy. We show that tobacco is a robust biological reactor with a multitude of applications and may hold the key to success in plant molecular farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reynald Tremblay
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - David Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014, USA
| | - Anthony M. Jevnikar
- Transplantation Immunology Group, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4G5
| | - Shengwu Ma
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
- Transplantation Immunology Group, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4G5
- Plantigen Inc., 700 Collip Circle, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 4X8
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27
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Conley AJ, Joensuu JJ, Jevnikar AM, Menassa R, Brandle JE. Optimization of elastin-like polypeptide fusions for expression and purification of recombinant proteins in plants. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 103:562-73. [PMID: 19266472 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The demand for recombinant proteins for medical and industrial use is expanding rapidly and plants are now recognized as an efficient, inexpensive means of production. Although the accumulation of recombinant proteins in transgenic plants can be low, we have previously demonstrated that fusions with an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) tag can significantly enhance the production yield of a range of different recombinant proteins in plant leaves. ELPs are biopolymers with a repeating pentapeptide sequence (VGVPG)(n) that are valuable for bioseparation, acting as thermally responsive tags for the non-chromatographic purification of recombinant proteins. To determine the optimal ELP size for the accumulation of recombinant proteins and their subsequent purification, various ELP tags were fused to green fluorescent protein, interleukin-10, erythropoietin and a single chain antibody fragment and then transiently expressed in tobacco leaves. Our results indicated that ELP tags with 30 pentapeptide repeats provided the best compromise between the positive effects of small ELP tags (n = 5-40) on recombinant protein accumulation and the beneficial effects of larger ELP tags (n = 80-160) on recombinant protein recovery during inverse transition cycling (ITC) purification. In addition, the C-terminal orientation of ELP fusion tags produced higher levels of target proteins, relative to N-terminal ELP fusions. Importantly, the ELP tags had no adverse effect on the receptor binding affinity of erythropoietin, demonstrating the inert nature of these tags. The use of ELP fusion tags provides an approach for enhancing the production of recombinant proteins in plants, while simultaneously assisting in their purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Conley
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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28
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Deineko EV, Zagorskaya AA, Pozdnyakov SG, Filipenko EA, Permyakova NV, Sidorchuk YV, Uvarova EA, Pozdnyakova LD, Shumny VK, Vlasov VV, Hammond RV, Shchelkunov SN. Comparative analysis of HBV M-antigen production in leaves of individual transgenic carrot plants. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2009; 425:76-9. [DOI: 10.1134/s1607672909020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Bortesi L, Rossato M, Schuster F, Raven N, Stadlmann J, Avesani L, Falorni A, Bazzoni F, Bock R, Schillberg S, Pezzotti M. Viral and murine interleukin-10 are correctly processed and retain their biological activity when produced in tobacco. BMC Biotechnol 2009; 9:22. [PMID: 19298643 PMCID: PMC2667500 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-9-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, with therapeutic applications in several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Oral administration of this cytokine alone, or in combination with disease-associated autoantigens could confer protection form the onset of a specific autoimmune disease through the induction of oral tolerance. Transgenic plants are attractive systems for production of therapeutic proteins because of the ability to do large scale-up at low cost, and the low maintenance requirements. They are highly amenable to oral administration and could become effective delivery systems without extensive protein purification. We investigated the ability of tobacco plants to produce high levels of biologically-active viral and murine IL-10. RESULTS Three different subcellular targeting strategies were assessed in transient expression experiments, and stable transgenic tobacco plants were generated with the constructs that yielded the highest accumulation levels by targeting the recombinant proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. The best yields using this strategy in T1 plants were 10.8 and 37.0 microg/g fresh leaf weight for viral and murine IL-10, respectively. The recombinant proteins were purified from transgenic leaf material and characterized in terms of their N-glycan composition, dimerization and biological activity in in vitro assays. Both molecules formed stable dimers, were able to activate the IL-10 signaling pathway and to induce specific anti-inflammatory responses in mouse J774 macrophage cells. CONCLUSION Tobacco plants are able to correctly process viral and murine IL-10 into biologically active dimers, therefore representing a suitable platform for the production for these cytokines. The accumulation levels obtained are high enough to allow delivery of an immunologically relevant dose of IL-10 in a reasonable amount of leaf material, without extensive purification. This study paves the way to performing feeding studies in mouse models of autoimmune diseases, that will allow the evaluation the immunomodulatory properties and effectiveness of the viral IL-10 in inducing oral tolerance compared to the murine protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Bortesi
- Scientific and Technologic Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Department for Sciences, Technologies and Markets of Grapevine and Wine, University of Verona, Via della Pieve 70, 37029 San Floriano di Valpolicella (VR), Italy
| | - Marzia Rossato
- Department of Pathology, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Flora Schuster
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Biology VII, RWTH, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicole Raven
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes Stadlmann
- Department for Chemistry, Glycobiology Division, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Linda Avesani
- Scientific and Technologic Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Department for Sciences, Technologies and Markets of Grapevine and Wine, University of Verona, Via della Pieve 70, 37029 San Floriano di Valpolicella (VR), Italy
| | - Alberto Falorni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Perugia, Via E. Dal Pozzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Flavia Bazzoni
- Department of Pathology, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stefan Schillberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mario Pezzotti
- Scientific and Technologic Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Department for Sciences, Technologies and Markets of Grapevine and Wine, University of Verona, Via della Pieve 70, 37029 San Floriano di Valpolicella (VR), Italy
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Conley AJ, Mohib K, Jevnikar AM, Brandle JE. Plant recombinant erythropoietin attenuates inflammatory kidney cell injury. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2009; 7:183-99. [PMID: 19055608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2008.00389.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Human erythropoietin (EPO) is a pleiotropic cytokine with remarkable tissue-protective activities in addition to its well-established role in red blood cell production. Unfortunately, conventional mammalian cell cultures are unlikely to meet the anticipated market demands for recombinant EPO because of limited capacity and high production costs. Plant expression systems may address these limitations to enable practical, cost-effective delivery of EPO in tissue injury prevention therapeutics. In this study, we produced human EPO in tobacco and demonstrated that plant-derived EPO had tissue-protective activity. Our results indicated that targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) provided the highest accumulation levels of EPO, with a yield approaching 0.05% of total soluble protein in tobacco leaves. The codon optimization of the human EPO gene for plant expression had no clear advantage; furthermore, the human EPO signal peptide performed better than a tobacco signal peptide. In addition, we found that glycosylation was essential for the stability of plant recombinant EPO, whereas the presence of an elastin-like polypeptide fusion had a limited positive impact on the level of EPO accumulation. Confocal microscopy showed that apoplast and ER-targeted EPO were correctly localized, and N-glycan analysis demonstrated that complex plant glycans existed on apoplast-targeted EPO, but not on ER-targeted EPO. Importantly, plant-derived EPO had enhanced receptor-binding affinity and was able to protect kidney epithelial cells from cytokine-induced death in vitro. These findings demonstrate that tobacco plants may be an attractive alternative for the production of large amounts of biologically active EPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Conley
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
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31
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Chen C, Liu F. Research progress in genetic animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2008; 16:3870-3876. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v16.i34.3870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), experimental models, especially genetic animal models, are known as important tools for detecting potential therapeutic agents and investigating the mechanisms of pathogenesis. This review is intended to cover recent advances in genetic IBD model applications. The models have been classified into two main categories based on the methods of induction: gene knockout (KO) and transgenic.
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Hofseth LJ. Nitric oxide as a target of complementary and alternative medicines to prevent and treat inflammation and cancer. Cancer Lett 2008; 268:10-30. [PMID: 18440130 PMCID: PMC2680023 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Revised: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and associated reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are involved in many physiological functions. There has been an ongoing debate to whether RNS can inhibit or perpetuate chronic inflammation and associated carcinogenesis. Although the final outcome depends on the genetic make-up of its target, the surrounding microenvironment, the activity and localization of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms, and overall levels of NO/RNS, evidence is accumulating that in general, RNS drive inflammation and cancers associated with inflammation. To this end, many complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) that work in chemoprevention associated with chronic inflammation, are inhibitors of excessive NO observed in inflammatory conditions. Here, we review recent literature outlining a role of NO/RNS in chronic inflammation and cancer, and point toward NO as one of several targets for the success of CAMs in treating chronic inflammation and cancer associated with this inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorne J Hofseth
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 770 Sumter Street, Coker Life Sciences, Room 513C, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Wang DJ, Brandsma M, Yin Z, Wang A, Jevnikar AM, Ma S. A novel platform for biologically active recombinant human interleukin-13 production. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2008; 6:504-15. [PMID: 18393948 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2008.00337.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a pleiotropic regulatory cytokine with the potential for treating several human diseases, including type-1 diabetes. Thus far, conventional expression systems for recombinant IL-13 production have proven difficult and are limited by efficiency. In this study, transgenic plants were used as a novel expression platform for the production of human IL-13 (hIL-13). DNA constructs containing hIL-13 cDNA were introduced into tobacco plants. Transcriptional expression of the hIL-13 gene in transgenic plants was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Northern blotting. Western blot analysis showed that the hIL-13 protein was efficiently accumulated in transgenic plants and present in multiple molecular forms, with an expression level as high as 0.15% of total soluble protein in leaves. The multiple forms of plant-derived recombinant hIL-13 (rhIL-13) are a result of differential N-linked glycosylation, as revealed by enzymatic and chemical deglycosylation, but not of disulphide-linked oligomerization. In vitro trypsin digestion indicated that plant rhIL-13 was more resistant than unglycosylated control rhIL-13 to proteolysis. The stability of plant rhIL-13 to digestion was further supported with simulated gastric and intestinal fluid digestion. In vitro bioassays using a factor-dependent human erythroleukaemic cell line (TF-1 cells) showed that plant rhIL-13 retained the biological functions of the authentic hIL-13 protein. These results demonstrate that transgenic plants are superior to conventional cell-based expression systems for the production of rhIL-13. Moreover, transgenic plants synthesizing high levels of rhIL-13 may prove to be an attractive delivery system for direct oral administration of IL-13 in the treatment of clinical diseases such as type-1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Wang
- A.B. Lucas Secondary School, 656 Tennent Avenue, London, ON, Canada
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Joensuu JJ, Niklander-Teeri V, Brandle JE. Transgenic plants for animal health: plant-made vaccine antigens for animal infectious disease control. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2008; 7:553-577. [PMID: 32214922 PMCID: PMC7089046 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-008-9088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A variety of plant species have been genetically modified to accumulate vaccine antigens for human and animal health and the first vaccine candidates are approaching the market. The regulatory burden for animal vaccines is less than that for human use and this has attracted the attention of researchers and companies, and investment in plant-made vaccines for animal infectious disease control is increasing. The dosage cost of vaccines for animal infectious diseases must be kept to a minimum, especially for non-lethal diseases that diminish animal welfare and growth, so efficient and economic production, storage and delivery are critical for commercialization. It has become clear that transgenic plants are an economic and efficient alternative to fermentation for large-scale production of vaccine antigens. The oral delivery of plant-made vaccines is particularly attractive since the expensive purification step can be avoided further reducing the cost per dose. This review covers the current status of plant-produced vaccines for the prevention of disease in animals and focuses on barriers to the development of such products and methods to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Joensuu
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON Canada N5V 4T3
| | - V. Niklander-Teeri
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - J. E. Brandle
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON Canada N5V 4T3
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