1
|
Zheng Y, Guo T, Xia T, Guo S, Chen M, Ye S, Pan T, Xu X, Gan Y, Zhan Y, Zheng T, Zheng Z. Utility of Arabidopsis KASII Promoter in Development of an Effective CRISPR/Cas9 System for Soybean Genome Editing and Its Application in Engineering of Soybean Seeds Producing Super-High Oleic and Low Saturated Oils. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:21720-21730. [PMID: 39288439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
This study reports the use of the Arabidopsis KASII promoter (AtKASII) to develop an efficient CRISPR/Cas9 system for soybean genome editing. When this promoter was paired with Arabidopsis U6 promoters to drive Cas9 and single guide RNA expression, respectively, simultaneous editing of the three fatty acid desaturase genes GmFAD2-1A, GmFAD2-1B, and GmFAD3A occurred in more than 60% of transgenic soybean lines at T2 generation, and all the triple mutants possessed desirable high-oleic traits. In sharp contrast, not a single line underwent simultaneous editing of the three target genes when AtKASII was replaced by the widely used AtEC1.2 promoter. Furthermore, our study showed that the stable and inheritable mutations in the high-oleic lines did not alter the overall contents of oil and protein or amino acid composition while increasing the oleic acid content up to 87.6% from approximately 23.8% for wild-type seeds, concomitant with 34.4- and 3.7-fold reductions in linoleic and linolenic acid, respectively. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the AtKASII promoter is highly promising for optimization of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for genome editing in soybean and possibly beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Zheng
- Institute for Oilseed Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Tian Guo
- Institute for Oilseed Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ting Xia
- Institute for Oilseed Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shixian Guo
- Institute for Oilseed Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Mengyao Chen
- Institute for Oilseed Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shenhua Ye
- Institute for Oilseed Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Tian Pan
- Institute for Oilseed Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xuezhen Xu
- Institute for Oilseed Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yi Gan
- Institute for Oilseed Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yihua Zhan
- Institute for Oilseed Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Zhifu Zheng
- Institute for Oilseed Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liao W, Guo R, Qian K, Shi W, Whelan J, Shou H. The acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterases GmFATA1 and GmFATA2 are essential for fatty acid accumulation and growth in soybean. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:823-838. [PMID: 38224529 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterases (FAT) hydrolyze acyl-ACP complexes to release FA in plastids, which ultimately affects FA biosynthesis and profiles. Soybean GmFATA1 and GmFATA2 are homoeologous genes encoding oleoyl-ACP thioesterases whose role in seed oil accumulation and plant growth has not been defined. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing mutation of Gmfata1 or 2 led to reduced leaf FA content and growth defect at the early seedling stage. In contrast, no homozygous double mutants were obtained. Combined this indicates that GmFATA1 and GmFATA2 display overlapping, but not complete functional redundancy. Combined transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis revealed a large number of genes involved in FA synthesis and FA chain elongation are expressed at reduced level in the Gmfata1 mutant, accompanied by a lower triacylglycerol abundance at the early seedling stage. Further analysis showed that the Gmfata1 or 2 mutants had increased composition of the beneficial FA, oleic acid. The growth defect of Gmfata1 could be at least partially attributed to reduced acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity, reduced abundance of five unsaturated monogalactosyldiacylglycerol lipids, and altered chloroplast morphology. On the other hand, overexpression of GmFATA in soybean led to significant increases in leaf FA content by 5.7%, vegetative growth, and seed yield by 26.9%, and seed FA content by 23.2%. Thus, overexpression of GmFATA is an effective strategy to enhance soybean oil content and yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Liao
- State Key Lab of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Runze Guo
- State Key Lab of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Kun Qian
- State Key Lab of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Wanxuan Shi
- State Key Lab of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - James Whelan
- State Key Lab of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
- The Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base on Engineering Biology, International Campus of Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang, 314400, China
| | - Huixia Shou
- State Key Lab of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
- The Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base on Engineering Biology, International Campus of Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang, 314400, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan, 572025, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chaudhary D, Jeena AS, Rohit, Gaur S, Raj R, Mishra S, Kajal, Gupta OP, Meena MR. Advances in RNA Interference for Plant Functional Genomics: Unveiling Traits, Mechanisms, and Future Directions. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-023-04850-x. [PMID: 38175411 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved molecular mechanism that plays a critical role in post-transcriptional gene silencing across diverse organisms. This review delves into the role of RNAi in plant functional genomics and its applications in crop improvement, highlighting its mechanistic insights and practical implications. The review begins with the foundational discovery of RNAi's mechanism, tracing its origins from petunias to its widespread presence in various organisms. Various classes of regulatory non-coding small RNAs, including siRNAs, miRNAs, and phasiRNAs, have been uncovered, expanding the scope of RNAi-mediated gene regulation beyond conventional understanding. These RNA classes participate in intricate post-transcriptional and epigenetic processes that influence gene expression. In the context of crop enhancement, RNAi has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding gene functions. It has proven effective in deciphering gene roles related to stress resistance, metabolic pathways, and more. Additionally, RNAi-based approaches hold promise for integrated pest management and sustainable agriculture, contributing to global efforts in food security. This review discusses RNAi's diverse applications, such as modifying plant architecture, extending shelf life, and enhancing nutritional content in crops. The challenges and future prospects of RNAi technology, including delivery methods and biosafety concerns, are also explored. The global landscape of RNAi research is highlighted, with significant contributions from regions such as China, Europe, and North America. In conclusion, RNAi remains a versatile and pivotal tool in modern plant research, offering novel avenues for understanding gene functions and improving crop traits. Its integration with other biotechnological approaches such as gene editing holds the potential to shape the future of agriculture and sustainable food production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Chaudhary
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, G B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anand Singh Jeena
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, G B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Rohit
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, G B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sonali Gaur
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, G B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rishi Raj
- ICAR- Sugarcane Breeding Institute-Regional Centre, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | | | - Kajal
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh, 140143, India
| | - Om Prakash Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sim J, Kuwabara C, Sugano S, Adachi K, Yamada T. Recent advances in the improvement of soybean seed traits by genome editing. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2023; 40:193-200. [PMID: 38293251 PMCID: PMC10824499 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.23.0610a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Genetic improvement of soybean seed traits is important for developing new varieties that meet the demand for soybean as a food, forage crop, and industrial products. A large number of soybean genome sequences are currently publicly available. This genome sequence information provides a significant opportunity to design genomic approaches to improve soybean traits. Genome editing represents a major advancement in biotechnology. The production of soybean mutants through genome editing is commonly achieved with either an Agrobacterium-mediated or biolistic transformation platform, which have been optimized for various soybean genotypes. Currently, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated endonuclease 9 (Cas9) system, which represents a major advance in genome editing, is used to improve soybean traits, such as fatty acid composition, protein content and composition, flavor, digestibility, size, and seed-coat color. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the improvement of soybean seed traits through genome editing. We also discuss the characteristics of genome editing using the CRISPR/Cas9 system with transformation platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaechol Sim
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Chikako Kuwabara
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Shota Sugano
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Kohei Adachi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang J, Singer SD, Souto BA, Asomaning J, Ullah A, Bressler DC, Chen G. Current progress in lipid-based biofuels: Feedstocks and production technologies. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:127020. [PMID: 35307524 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The expanding use of fossil fuels has caused concern in terms of both energy security and environmental issues. Therefore, attempts have been made worldwide to promote the development of renewable energy sources, among which biofuel is especially attractive. Compared to other biofuels, lipid-derived biofuels have a higher energy density and better compatibility with existing infrastructure, and their performance can be readily improved by adjusting the chemical composition of lipid feedstocks. This review thus addresses the intrinsic interactions between lipid feedstocks and lipid-based biofuels, including biodiesel, and renewable equivalents to conventional gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. Advancements in lipid-associated biofuel technology, as well as the properties and applicability of various lipid sources in terms of biofuel production, are also discussed. Furthermore, current progress in lipid production and profile optimization in the context of plant lipids, microbial lipids, and animal fats are presented to provide a wider context of lipid-based biofuel technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juli Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Stacy D Singer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Bernardo A Souto
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Justice Asomaning
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Aman Ullah
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - David C Bressler
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang M, Liu S, Wang Z, Yuan Y, Zhang Z, Liang Q, Yang X, Duan Z, Liu Y, Kong F, Liu B, Ren B, Tian Z. Progress in soybean functional genomics over the past decade. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:256-282. [PMID: 34388296 PMCID: PMC8753368 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is one of the most important oilseed and fodder crops. Benefiting from the efforts of soybean breeders and the development of breeding technology, large number of germplasm has been generated over the last 100 years. Nevertheless, soybean breeding needs to be accelerated to meet the needs of a growing world population, to promote sustainable agriculture and to address future environmental changes. The acceleration is highly reliant on the discoveries in gene functional studies. The release of the reference soybean genome in 2010 has significantly facilitated the advance in soybean functional genomics. Here, we review the research progress in soybean omics (genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics and proteomics), germplasm development (germplasm resources and databases), gene discovery (genes that are responsible for important soybean traits including yield, flowering and maturity, seed quality, stress resistance, nodulation and domestication) and transformation technology during the past decade. At the end, we also briefly discuss current challenges and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyInnovative Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shulin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyInnovative Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyInnovative Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yaqin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyInnovative Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyInnovative Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qianjin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyInnovative Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyInnovative Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zongbiao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyInnovative Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yucheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyInnovative Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and EvolutionSchool of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Baohui Liu
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and EvolutionSchool of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Bo Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyInnovative Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhixi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyInnovative Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Darlington M, Reinders JD, Sethi A, Lu AL, Ramaseshadri P, Fischer JR, Boeckman CJ, Petrick JS, Roper JM, Narva KE, Vélez AM. RNAi for Western Corn Rootworm Management: Lessons Learned, Challenges, and Future Directions. INSECTS 2022; 13:57. [PMID: 35055900 PMCID: PMC8779393 DOI: 10.3390/insects13010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, is considered one of the most economically important pests of maize (Zea mays L.) in the United States (U.S.) Corn Belt with costs of management and yield losses exceeding USD ~1-2 billion annually. WCR management has proven challenging given the ability of this insect to evolve resistance to multiple management strategies including synthetic insecticides, cultural practices, and plant-incorporated protectants, generating a constant need to develop new management tools. One of the most recent developments is maize expressing double-stranded hairpin RNA structures targeting housekeeping genes, which triggers an RNA interference (RNAi) response and eventually leads to insect death. Following the first description of in planta RNAi in 2007, traits targeting multiple genes have been explored. In June 2017, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency approved the first in planta RNAi product against insects for commercial use. This product expresses a dsRNA targeting the WCR snf7 gene in combination with Bt proteins (Cry3Bb1 and Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1) to improve trait durability and will be introduced for commercial use in 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molly Darlington
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.D.); (J.D.R.)
| | - Jordan D. Reinders
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.D.); (J.D.R.)
| | - Amit Sethi
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA; (A.S.); (A.L.L.); (C.J.B.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Albert L. Lu
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA; (A.S.); (A.L.L.); (C.J.B.); (J.M.R.)
| | | | - Joshua R. Fischer
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA; (P.R.); (J.R.F.); (J.S.P.)
| | - Chad J. Boeckman
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA; (A.S.); (A.L.L.); (C.J.B.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Jay S. Petrick
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA; (P.R.); (J.R.F.); (J.S.P.)
| | - Jason M. Roper
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA; (A.S.); (A.L.L.); (C.J.B.); (J.M.R.)
| | | | - Ana M. Vélez
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.D.); (J.D.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Motto M, Sahay S. Energy plants (crops): potential natural and future designer plants. HANDBOOK OF BIOFUELS 2022:73-114. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822810-4.00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
9
|
Plant monounsaturated fatty acids: Diversity, biosynthesis, functions and uses. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 85:101138. [PMID: 34774919 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Monounsaturated fatty acids are straight-chain aliphatic monocarboxylic acids comprising a unique carbon‑carbon double bond, also termed unsaturation. More than 50 distinct molecular structures have been described in the plant kingdom, and more remain to be discovered. The evolution of land plants has apparently resulted in the convergent evolution of non-homologous enzymes catalyzing the dehydrogenation of saturated acyl chain substrates in a chemo-, regio- and stereoselective manner. Contrasted enzymatic characteristics and different subcellular localizations of these desaturases account for the diversity of existing fatty acid structures. Interestingly, the location and geometrical configuration of the unsaturation confer specific characteristics to these molecules found in a variety of membrane, storage, and surface lipids. An ongoing research effort aimed at exploring the links existing between fatty acid structures and their biological functions has already unraveled the importance of several monounsaturated fatty acids in various physiological and developmental contexts. What is more, the monounsaturated acyl chains found in the oils of seeds and fruits are widely and increasingly used in the food and chemical industries due to the physicochemical properties inherent in their structures. Breeders and plant biotechnologists therefore develop new crops with high monounsaturated contents for various agro-industrial purposes.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hendrix B, Hoffer P, Sanders R, Schwartz S, Zheng W, Eads B, Taylor D, Deikman J. Systemic GFP silencing is associated with high transgene expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245422. [PMID: 33720987 PMCID: PMC7959375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene silencing in plants using topical dsRNA is a new approach that has the potential to be a sustainable component of the agricultural production systems of the future. However, more research is needed to enable this technology as an economical and efficacious supplement to current crop protection practices. Systemic gene silencing is one key enabling aspect. The objective of this research was to better understand topically-induced, systemic transgene silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana. A previous report details sequencing of the integration site of the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) transgene in the well-known N. benthamiana GFP16C event. This investigation revealed an inadvertent co-integration of part of a bacterial transposase in this line. To determine the effect of this transgene configuration on systemic silencing, new GFP transgenic lines with or without the transposase sequences were produced. GFP expression levels in the 19 single-copy events and three hemizygous GFP16C lines produced for this study ranged from 50-72% of the homozygous GFP16C line. GFP expression was equivalent to GFP16C in a two-copy event. Local GFP silencing was observed in all transgenic and GFP16C hemizygous lines after topical application of carbon dot-based formulations containing a GFP targeting dsRNA. The GFP16C-like systemic silencing phenotype was only observed in the two-copy line. The partial transposase had no impact on transgene expression level, local GFP silencing, small RNA abundance and distribution, or systemic GFP silencing in the transgenic lines. We conclude that high transgene expression level is a key enabler of topically-induced, systemic transgene silencing in N. benthamiana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bill Hendrix
- Bayer Crop Science, Woodland, California, United States of America
| | - Paul Hoffer
- Bayer Crop Science, Woodland, California, United States of America
| | - Rick Sanders
- Bayer Crop Science, Woodland, California, United States of America
| | - Steve Schwartz
- Bayer Crop Science, Woodland, California, United States of America
| | - Wei Zheng
- Bayer Crop Science, Woodland, California, United States of America
| | - Brian Eads
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield Parkway, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Danielle Taylor
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield Parkway, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jill Deikman
- Bayer Crop Science, Woodland, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dutta TK, Papolu PK, Singh D, Sreevathsa R, Rao U. Expression interference of a number of Heterodera avenae conserved genes perturbs nematode parasitic success in Triticum aestivum. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 301:110670. [PMID: 33218636 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae is distributed worldwide and causes substantial damage in bread wheat, Triticum aestivum. This nematode is extremely difficult to manage because of its prolonged persistence as unhatched eggs encased in cysts. Due to its sustainable and target-specific nature, RNA interference (RNAi)-based strategy has gained unprecedented importance for pest control. To date, RNAi strategy has not been exploited to manage H. avenae in wheat. In the present study, 40 H. avenae target genes with different molecular function were rationally selected for in vitro soaking analysis in order to assess their susceptibility to RNAi. In contrast to target-specific downregulation of 18 genes, 7 genes were upregulated and 15 genes showed unaltered expression (although combinatorial soaking showed some of these genes are RNAi susceptible), suggesting that a few of the target genes were refractory or recalcitrant to RNAi. However, RNAi of 37 of these genes negatively altered nematode behavior in terms of reduced penetration, development and reproduction in wheat. Subsequently, wheat plants were transformed with seven H. avenae target genes (that showed greatest abrogation of nematode parasitic success) for host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) analysis. Transformed plants were molecularly characterized by PCR, RT-qPCR and Southern hybridization. Production of target gene-specific double- and single-stranded RNA (dsRNA/siRNA) was detected in transformed plants. Transgenic expression of galectin, cathepsin L, vap1, serpin, flp12, RanBPM and chitinase genes conferred 33.24-72.4 % reduction in H. avenae multiplication in T1 events with single copy ones exhibiting greatest reduction. A similar degree of resistance observed in T2 plants indicated the consistent HIGS effect in the subsequent generations. Intriguingly, cysts isolated from RNAi plants were of smaller size with translucent cuticle compared to normal size, dark brown control cysts, suggesting H. avenae developmental retardation due to HIGS. Our study reinforces the potential of HIGS to manage nematode problems in crop plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tushar K Dutta
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Pradeep K Papolu
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rohini Sreevathsa
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Uma Rao
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Taning CN, Arpaia S, Christiaens O, Dietz-Pfeilstetter A, Jones H, Mezzetti B, Sabbadini S, Sorteberg HG, Sweet J, Ventura V, Smagghe G. RNA-based biocontrol compounds: current status and perspectives to reach the market. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020. [PMID: 31743573 DOI: 10.1007/s10340-020-01238-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Facing current climate challenges and drastically reduced chemical options for plant protection, the exploitation of RNA interference (RNAi) as an agricultural biotechnology tool has unveiled possible new solutions to the global problems of agricultural losses caused by pests and other biotic and abiotic stresses. While the use of RNAi as a tool in agriculture is still limited to a few transgenic crops, and only adopted in restricted parts of the world, scientists and industry are already seeking innovations in leveraging and exploiting the potential of RNAi in the form of RNA-based biocontrol compounds for external applications. Here, we highlight the expanding research and development pipeline, commercial landscape and regulatory environment surrounding the pursuit of RNA-based biocontrol compounds with improved environmental profiles. The commitments of well-established agrochemical companies to invest in research endeavours and the role of start-up companies are crucial for the successful development of practical applications for these compounds. Additionally, the availability of standardized guidelines to tackle regulatory ambiguities surrounding RNA-based biocontrol compounds will help to facilitate the entire commercialization process. Finally, communication to create awareness and public acceptance will be key to the deployment of these compounds. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clauvis Nt Taning
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Salvatore Arpaia
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), DTE-BBC, Rotondella, Italy
| | - Olivier Christiaens
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antje Dietz-Pfeilstetter
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Huw Jones
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
| | - Bruno Mezzetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche (UPM), Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabbadini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche (UPM), Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | - Vera Ventura
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu N, Lu Q, Wang P, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Qu J, Wang N. Construction and Analysis of GmFAD2-1A and GmFAD2-2A Soybean Fatty Acid Desaturase Mutants Based on CRISPR/Cas9 Technology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1104. [PMID: 32046096 PMCID: PMC7037799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The soybean fatty acid desaturase family is composed of seven genes, but the function of each gene has not been reported. Bioinformatics was used to analyse the structure of genes in this family, as well as the correlation between Δ12-fatty acid desaturase II (FAD2) expression and oleic acid content on different days after flowering of soybean. In the present study, CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to construct single and double mutant knockout vectors of functional genes in the FAD2 family. Analysis of the molecular biology and expression patterns of genes in the FAD2 family, namely, GmFAD2-1A (Glyma.10G278000) and GmFAD2-2A (Glyma.19G147300), showed that they had little homology with other soybean FAD2 genes, and that their function was slightly changed. Sequencing of the target showed that the editing efficiency of the GmFAD2-1A and GmFAD2-2A genes was 95% and 55.56%, respectively, and that the double mutant editing efficiency was 66.67%. The mutations were divided into two main types, as follows: base deletion and insertion. A near-infrared grain analyser determined the following results: In the T2 generation, the oleic acid content increased from 17.10% to 73.50%; the linoleic acid content decreased from 62.91% to 12.23%; the protein content increased from 37.69% to 41.16%; in the T3 generation, the oleic acid content increased from 19.15% to 72.02%; the linoleic acid content decreased from 56.58% to 17.27%. In addition, the protein content increased from 37.52% to 40.58% compared to that of the JN38 control variety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
- Jilin Agricultural University, the center of plant biotechnology, Chang Chun 130118, China; (Q.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.Q.)
| | - Qiang Lu
- Institute of Agricultural College, Jilin Agricultural University, Chang Chun 130118, China;
| | - Piwu Wang
- Jilin Agricultural University, the center of plant biotechnology, Chang Chun 130118, China; (Q.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.Q.)
| | - Qi Zhang
- Jilin Agricultural University, the center of plant biotechnology, Chang Chun 130118, China; (Q.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.Q.)
| | - Jun Zhang
- Jilin Agricultural University, the center of plant biotechnology, Chang Chun 130118, China; (Q.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.Q.)
| | - Jing Qu
- Jilin Agricultural University, the center of plant biotechnology, Chang Chun 130118, China; (Q.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.Q.)
| | - Nan Wang
- Jilin Agricultural University, the center of plant biotechnology, Chang Chun 130118, China; (Q.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.Q.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xia W, Luo T, Dou Y, Zhang W, Mason AS, Huang D, Huang X, Tang W, Wang J, Zhang C, Xiao Y. Identification and Validation of Candidate Genes Involved in Fatty Acid Content in Oil Palm by Genome-Wide Association Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1263. [PMID: 31681369 PMCID: PMC6804545 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is the highest yielding oil crop per unit area worldwide, but its oil is considered unhealthy for human consumption due to its high palmitic acid content (C16:0). In order to facilitate breeding for fatty acid content in oil palm, genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) was used to identify and validate single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and underlying candidate genes associated with fatty acid content in a diversity panel of 200 oil palm individuals. A total of 1,261,501 SNP markers previously developed using SLAF-seq (specific locus amplified fragment sequencing) were used for GWAS. Based on this analysis, 62 SNP markers were significantly associated with fatty acid composition, and 223 candidate genes were identified in the flanking regions of these SNPs. We found one gene (acyl-ACP thioesterase B genes) that was involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and that was associated with high palmitic acid content in the mesocarp. Over-expression of this gene caused a significant increase in palmitic acid content. Our study provides key loci that can be used for breeding oil palm cultivars with low palmitic acid content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- National Research Center of Rapeseed Engineering and Technology and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajing Dou
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Research Center of Rapeseed Engineering and Technology and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Annaliese S. Mason
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dongyi Huang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaolong Huang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Wenqi Tang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jihua Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- National Research Center of Rapeseed Engineering and Technology and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Xiao
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural sciences, Wenchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zafar S, Li YL, Li NN, Zhu KM, Tan XL. Recent advances in enhancement of oil content in oilseed crops. J Biotechnol 2019; 301:35-44. [PMID: 31158409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.05.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Plant oils are very valuable agricultural commodity. The manipulation of seed oil composition to deliver enhanced fatty acid compositions, which are appropriate for feed or fuel, has always been a main objective of metabolic engineers. The last two decennary have been noticeable by numerous significant events in genetic engineering for identification of different gene targets to improve oil yield in oilseed crops. Particularly, genetic engineering approaches have presented major breakthrough in elevating oil content in oilseed crops such as Brassica napus and soybean. Additionally, current research efforts to explore the possibilities to modify the genetic expression of key regulators of oil accumulation along with biochemical studies to elucidate lipid biosynthesis will establish protocols to develop transgenic oilseed crops along much improved oil content. In this review, we describe current distinct genetic engineering approaches investigated by researchers for ameliorating oil content and its nutritional quality. Moreover, we will also discuss some auspicious and innovative approaches and challenges for engineering oil content to yield oil at much higher rate in oilseed crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Zafar
- School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China; Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Long Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan-Nan Li
- School of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Ming Zhu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Tan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Do PT, Nguyen CX, Bui HT, Tran LTN, Stacey G, Gillman JD, Zhang ZJ, Stacey MG. Demonstration of highly efficient dual gRNA CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the homeologous GmFAD2-1A and GmFAD2-1B genes to yield a high oleic, low linoleic and α-linolenic acid phenotype in soybean. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:311. [PMID: 31307375 PMCID: PMC6632005 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1906-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing is now revolutionizing the ability to effectively modify plant genomes in the absence of efficient homologous recombination mechanisms that exist in other organisms. However, soybean is allotetraploid and is commonly viewed as difficult and inefficient to transform. In this study, we demonstrate the utility of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in soybean at relatively high efficiency. This was shown by specifically targeting the Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 (GmFAD2) that converts the monounsaturated oleic acid (C18:1) to the polyunsaturated linoleic acid (C18:2), therefore, regulating the content of monounsaturated fats in soybean seeds. RESULTS We designed two gRNAs to guide Cas9 to simultaneously cleave two sites, spaced 1Kb apart, within the second exons of GmFAD2-1A and GmFAD2-1B. In order to test whether the Cas9 and gRNAs would perform properly in transgenic soybean plants, we first tested the CRISPR construct we developed by transient hairy root transformation using Agrobacterium rhizogenesis strain K599. Once confirmed, we performed stable soybean transformation and characterized ten, randomly selected T0 events. Genotyping of CRISPR/Cas9 T0 transgenic lines detected a variety of mutations including large and small DNA deletions, insertions and inversions in the GmFAD2 genes. We detected CRISPR- edited DNA in all the tested T0 plants and 77.8% of the events transmitted the GmFAD2 mutant alleles to T1 progenies. More importantly, null mutants for both GmFAD2 genes were obtained in 40% of the T0 plants we genotyped. The fatty acid profile analysis of T1 seeds derived from CRISPR-edited plants homozygous for both GmFAD2 genes showed dramatic increases in oleic acid content to over 80%, whereas linoleic acid decreased to 1.3-1.7%. In addition, transgene-free high oleic soybean homozygous genotypes were created as early as the T1 generation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data showed that dual gRNA CRISPR/Cas9 system offers a rapid and highly efficient method to simultaneously edit homeologous soybean genes, which can greatly facilitate breeding and gene discovery in this important crop plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phat T. Do
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
- Present address: Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Cuong X. Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Hien T. Bui
- Plant Biotechnology Innovation Laboratory, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Ly T. N. Tran
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Gary Stacey
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | | | - Zhanyuan J. Zhang
- Plant Biotechnology Innovation Laboratory, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Minviluz G. Stacey
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lombardo L, Grando MS. Genetically Modified Plants for Nutritionally Improved Food: A Promise Kept? FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1613664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Lombardo
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Grando
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abe K, Araki E, Suzuki Y, Toki S, Saika H. Production of high oleic/low linoleic rice by genome editing. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 131:58-62. [PMID: 29735369 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Rice bran oil (RBO) contains many valuable healthy constituents, including oleic acid. Improvement of the fatty acid composition in RBO, including an increase in the content of oleic acid, which helps suppress lifestyle disease, would increase health benefits. The enzyme fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) catalyzes the conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid in plants, and FAD2 mutants exhibit altered oleic and linoleic acid content in many crops. There are three functional FAD2 genes in the genome of rice (Oryza sativa L.), and, of these, expression of the OsFAD2-1 gene is highest in rice seeds. In order to produce high oleic/low linoleic RBO, we attempted to disrupt the OsFAD2-1 gene by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis. We succeeded in the production of homozygous OsFAD2-1 knockout rice plants. The content of oleic acid increased to more than twice that of wild type, and, surprisingly, linoleic acid, a catabolite of oleic acid by FAD2, decreased dramatically to undetectable levels in fad2-1 mutant brown rice seeds. In this study, by genome editing based on genome information, we succeeded in the production of rice whose fatty acid composition is greatly improved. We suggest that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of a major gene that shows dominant expression in the target tissue could be a powerful tool to improve target traits in a tissue-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomi Abe
- Plant Genome Engineering Research Unit, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Etsuko Araki
- Rice Quality Research Unit, Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-40-2, Nissinmachi, Kita-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 331-8537, Japan
| | - Seiichi Toki
- Plant Genome Engineering Research Unit, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan; Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Saika
- Plant Genome Engineering Research Unit, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang J, Xing G, Niu L, He H, Guo D, Du Q, Qian X, Yao Y, Li H, Zhong X, Yang X. Improved oil quality in transgenic soybean seeds by RNAi-mediated knockdown of GmFAD2-1B. Transgenic Res 2018; 27:155-166. [PMID: 29476327 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-018-0063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Soybean oil contains approximately 20% oleic acid and 63% polyunsaturated fatty acids, which limits its uses in food products and industrial applications because of its poor oxidative stability. Increasing the oleic acid content in soybean seeds provides improved oxidative stability and is also beneficial to human health. Endoplasmic reticulum-associated delta-12 fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) is the key enzyme responsible for converting oleic acid (18:1) precursors to linoleic acid (18:2) in the lipid biosynthetic pathway. In this study, a 390-bp conserved sequence of GmFAD2-1B was used to trigger a fragment of RNAi-mediated gene knockdown, and a seed-specific promoter of the β-conglycinin alpha subunit gene was employed to downregulate the expression of this gene in soybean seeds to increase the oleic acid content. PCR and Southern blot analysis showed that the T-DNA had inserted into the soybean genome and was stably inherited by the progeny. In addition, the expression analysis indicated that GmFAD2-1B was significantly downregulated in the seeds by RNAi-mediated post-transcription gene knockdown driven by the seed-specific promoter. The oleic acid content significantly increased from 20 to ~ 80% in the transgenic seeds, and the linoleic and linolenic acid content decreased concomitantly in the transgenic lines compared with that in the wild types. The fatty acid profiles also exhibited steady changes in three consecutive generations. However, the total protein and oil contents and agronomic traits of the transgenic lines did not show a significant difference compared with the wild types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Guojie Xing
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Lu Niu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Hongli He
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Dongquan Guo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Qian Du
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Xueyan Qian
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Haiyun Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhong
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Song Y, Wang XD, Rose RJ. Oil body biogenesis and biotechnology in legume seeds. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:1519-1532. [PMID: 28866824 PMCID: PMC5602053 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The seeds of many legume species including soybean, Pongamia pinnata and the model legume Medicago truncatula store considerable oil, apart from protein, in their cotyledons. However, as a group, legume storage strategies are quite variable and provide opportunities for better understanding of carbon partitioning into different storage products. Legumes with their ability to fix nitrogen can also increase the sustainability of agricultural systems. This review integrates the cell biology, biochemistry and molecular biology of oil body biogenesis before considering biotechnology strategies to enhance oil body biosynthesis. Cellular aspects of packaging triacylglycerol (TAG) into oil bodies are emphasized. Enhancing seed oil content has successfully focused on the up-regulation of the TAG biosynthesis pathways using overexpression of enzymes such as diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 and transcription factors such as WRINKLE1 and LEAFY COTYLEDON1. While these strategies are central, decreasing carbon flow into other storage products and maximizing the packaging of oil bodies into the cytoplasm are other strategies that need further examination. Overall there is much potential for integrating carbon partitioning, up-regulation of fatty acid and TAG synthesis and oil body packaging, for enhancing oil levels. In addition to the potential for integrated strategies to improving oil yields, the capacity to modify fatty acid composition and use of oil bodies as platforms for the production of recombinant proteins in seed of transgenic legumes provide other opportunities for legume biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youhong Song
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ding Wang
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ray J Rose
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Demorest ZL, Coffman A, Baltes NJ, Stoddard TJ, Clasen BM, Luo S, Retterath A, Yabandith A, Gamo ME, Bissen J, Mathis L, Voytas DF, Zhang F. Direct stacking of sequence-specific nuclease-induced mutations to produce high oleic and low linolenic soybean oil. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:225. [PMID: 27733139 PMCID: PMC5062912 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0906-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to modulate levels of individual fatty acids within soybean oil has potential to increase shelf-life and frying stability and to improve nutritional characteristics. Commodity soybean oil contains high levels of polyunsaturated linoleic and linolenic acid, which contribute to oxidative instability - a problem that has been addressed through partial hydrogenation. However, partial hydrogenation increases levels of trans-fatty acids, which have been associated with cardiovascular disease. Previously, we generated soybean lines with knockout mutations within fatty acid desaturase 2-1A (FAD2-1A) and FAD2-1B genes, resulting in oil with increased levels of monounsaturated oleic acid (18:1) and decreased levels of linoleic (18:2) and linolenic acid (18:3). Here, we stack mutations within FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B with mutations in fatty acid desaturase 3A (FAD3A) to further decrease levels of linolenic acid. Mutations were introduced into FAD3A by directly delivering TALENs into fad2-1a fad2-1b soybean plants. RESULTS Oil from fad2-1a fad2-1b fad3a plants had significantly lower levels of linolenic acid (2.5 %), as compared to fad2-1a fad2-1b plants (4.7 %). Furthermore, oil had significantly lower levels of linoleic acid (2.7 % compared to 5.1 %) and significantly higher levels of oleic acid (82.2 % compared to 77.5 %). Transgene-free fad2-1a fad2-1b fad3a soybean lines were identified. CONCLUSIONS The methods presented here provide an efficient means for using sequence-specific nucleases to stack quality traits in soybean. The resulting product comprised oleic acid levels above 80 % and linoleic and linolenic acid levels below 3 %.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Coffman
- Calyxt, Inc., 600 County Road D West Suite 8, New Brighton, MN 55112 USA
| | - Nicholas J. Baltes
- Calyxt, Inc., 600 County Road D West Suite 8, New Brighton, MN 55112 USA
| | - Thomas J. Stoddard
- Calyxt, Inc., 600 County Road D West Suite 8, New Brighton, MN 55112 USA
| | - Benjamin M. Clasen
- Calyxt, Inc., 600 County Road D West Suite 8, New Brighton, MN 55112 USA
| | - Song Luo
- Calyxt, Inc., 600 County Road D West Suite 8, New Brighton, MN 55112 USA
| | - Adam Retterath
- Calyxt, Inc., 600 County Road D West Suite 8, New Brighton, MN 55112 USA
| | - Ann Yabandith
- Calyxt, Inc., 600 County Road D West Suite 8, New Brighton, MN 55112 USA
| | - Maria Elena Gamo
- Calyxt, Inc., 600 County Road D West Suite 8, New Brighton, MN 55112 USA
| | - Jeff Bissen
- Calyxt, Inc., 600 County Road D West Suite 8, New Brighton, MN 55112 USA
| | - Luc Mathis
- Calyxt, Inc., 600 County Road D West Suite 8, New Brighton, MN 55112 USA
| | - Daniel F. Voytas
- Calyxt, Inc., 600 County Road D West Suite 8, New Brighton, MN 55112 USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Calyxt, Inc., 600 County Road D West Suite 8, New Brighton, MN 55112 USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu W, Li W, He Q, Daud MK, Chen J, Zhu S. Characterization of 19 Genes Encoding Membrane-Bound Fatty Acid Desaturases and their Expression Profiles in Gossypium raimondii Under Low Temperature. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123281. [PMID: 25894196 PMCID: PMC4404247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To produce unsaturated fatty acids, membrane-bound fatty acid desaturases (FADs) can be exploited to introduce double bonds into the acyl chains of fatty acids. In this study, 19 membrane-bound FAD genes were identified in Gossypium raimondii through database searches and were classified into four different subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis. All 19 membrane-bound FAD proteins shared three highly conserved histidine boxes, except for GrFAD2.1, which lost the third histidine box in the C-terminal region. In the G. raimondii genome, tandem duplication might have led to the increasing size of the FAD2 cluster in the Omega Desaturase subfamily, whereas segmental duplication appeared to be the dominant mechanism for the expansion of the Sphingolipid and Front-end Desaturase subfamilies. Gene expression analysis showed that seven membrane-bound FAD genes were significantly up-regulated and that five genes were greatly suppressed in G. raimondii leaves exposed to low temperature conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiuling He
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Khan Daud
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Jinhong Chen
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shuijin Zhu
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen Y, Zhou XR, Zhang ZJ, Dribnenki P, Singh S, Green A. Development of high oleic oil crop platform in flax through RNAi-mediated multiple FAD2 gene silencing. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:643-653. [PMID: 25604988 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1737-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous gene silencing of both FAD2 genes in high linoleic acid flax leads to high level of oleic acid, which is stable across multiple generations. High oleic oil is one of the preferred traits in oil crop engineering due to its stability and multiple applications as an industrial feedstock. Flax possesses two isoforms of FAD2 enzymes that desaturate monounsaturated oleic acid to polyunsaturated linoleic acid. These two enzymes are encoded by two FAD2 genes. By simultaneous gene silencing both FAD2 genes in high linoleic acid flax, Linola, high level of oleic acid up to 80% was achieved in 69 silencing lines. The high oleic trait was stable across multiple generations with oleic acid reaching up to 77% in homozygote T3 progeny. The RNAi-mediated gene-silencing approach generated high oleic linseed oil, as well as a high oleic platform that can be exploited for further fatty acid engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Chen
- Viterra, PO Bag 4000, Vegreville, AB, T9C 1T4, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chaudhary J, Patil GB, Sonah H, Deshmukh RK, Vuong TD, Valliyodan B, Nguyen HT. Expanding Omics Resources for Improvement of Soybean Seed Composition Traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1021. [PMID: 26635846 PMCID: PMC4657443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Food resources of the modern world are strained due to the increasing population. There is an urgent need for innovative methods and approaches to augment food production. Legume seeds are major resources of human food and animal feed with their unique nutrient compositions including oil, protein, carbohydrates, and other beneficial nutrients. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) together with "omics" technologies have considerably strengthened soybean research. The availability of well annotated soybean genome sequence along with hundreds of identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with different seed traits can be used for gene discovery and molecular marker development for breeding applications. Despite the remarkable progress in these technologies, the analysis and mining of existing seed genomics data are still challenging due to the complexity of genetic inheritance, metabolic partitioning, and developmental regulations. Integration of "omics tools" is an effective strategy to discover key regulators of various seed traits. In this review, recent advances in "omics" approaches and their use in soybean seed trait investigations are presented along with the available databases and technological platforms and their applicability in the improvement of soybean. This article also highlights the use of modern breeding approaches, such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS), genomic selection (GS), and marker-assisted recurrent selection (MARS) for developing superior cultivars. A catalog of available important resources for major seed composition traits, such as seed oil, protein, carbohydrates, and yield traits are provided to improve the knowledge base and future utilization of this information in the soybean crop improvement programs.
Collapse
|
25
|
Haun W, Coffman A, Clasen BM, Demorest ZL, Lowy A, Ray E, Retterath A, Stoddard T, Juillerat A, Cedrone F, Mathis L, Voytas DF, Zhang F. Improved soybean oil quality by targeted mutagenesis of the fatty acid desaturase 2 gene family. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 12:934-40. [PMID: 24851712 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Soybean oil is high in polyunsaturated fats and is often partially hydrogenated to increase its shelf life and improve oxidative stability. The trans-fatty acids produced through hydrogenation pose a health threat. Soybean lines that are low in polyunsaturated fats were generated by introducing mutations in two fatty acid desaturase 2 genes (FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B), which in the seed convert the monounsaturated fat, oleic acid, to the polyunsaturated fat, linoleic acid. Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) were engineered to recognize and cleave conserved DNA sequences in both genes. In four of 19 transgenic soybean lines expressing the TALENs, mutations in FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B were observed in DNA extracted from leaf tissue; three of the four lines transmitted heritable FAD2-1 mutations to the next generation. The fatty acid profile of the seed was dramatically changed in plants homozygous for mutations in both FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B: oleic acid increased from 20% to 80% and linoleic acid decreased from 50% to under 4%. Further, mutant plants were identified that lacked the TALEN transgene and only carried the targeted mutations. The ability to create a valuable trait in a single generation through targeted modification of a gene family demonstrates the power of TALENs for genome engineering and crop improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Haun
- Cellectis plant sciences Inc., New Brighton, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen H, Lin Y. Promise and issues of genetically modified crops. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 16:255-260. [PMID: 23571013 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The growing area of genetically modified (GM) crops has substantially expanded since they were first commercialized in 1996. Correspondingly, the adoption of GM crops has brought huge economic and environmental benefits. All these achievements have been primarily supported by two simple traits of herbicide tolerance and insect resistance in the past 17 years. However, this situation will change soon. Recently, the advance of new products, technologies and safety assessment approaches has provided new opportunities for development of GM crops. In this review, we focus on the developmental trend in various aspects of GM crops including new products, technical innovation and risk assessment approaches, as well as potential challenges that GM crops are currently encountering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jensen PD, Zhang Y, Wiggins BE, Petrick JS, Zhu J, Kerstetter RA, Heck GR, Ivashuta SI. Computational sequence analysis of predicted long dsRNA transcriptomes of major crops reveals sequence complementarity with human genes. GM CROPS & FOOD 2013; 4:90-7. [PMID: 23787988 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.25285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Long double-stranded RNAs (long dsRNAs) are precursors for the effector molecules of sequence-specific RNA-based gene silencing in eukaryotes. Plant cells can contain numerous endogenous long dsRNAs. This study demonstrates that such endogenous long dsRNAs in plants have sequence complementarity to human genes. Many of these complementary long dsRNAs have perfect sequence complementarity of at least 21 nucleotides to human genes; enough complementarity to potentially trigger gene silencing in targeted human cells if delivered in functional form. However, the number and diversity of long dsRNA molecules in plant tissue from crops such as lettuce, tomato, corn, soy and rice with complementarity to human genes that have a long history of safe consumption supports a conclusion that long dsRNAs do not present a significant dietary risk.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kasai M, Kanazawa A. RNA silencing as a tool to uncover gene function and engineer novel traits in soybean. BREEDING SCIENCE 2012; 61:468-79. [PMID: 23136487 PMCID: PMC3406797 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.61.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
RNA silencing refers collectively to diverse RNA-mediated pathways of nucleotide-sequence-specific inhibition of gene expression. It has been used to analyze gene function and engineer novel traits in various organisms. Here, we review the application of RNA silencing in soybean. To produce soybean lines, in which a particular gene is stably silenced, researchers have frequently used a transgene that transcribes inverted repeats of a target gene segment. Suppression of gene expression in developing soybean embryos has been one of the main focuses of metabolic engineering using transgene-induced silencing. Plants that have enhanced resistance against diseases caused by viruses or cyst nematode have also been produced. Meanwhile, Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation has been used to induce RNA silencing in roots, which enabled analysis of the roles of gene products in nodulation or disease resistance. RNA silencing has also been induced using viral vectors, which is particularly useful for gene function analysis. So far, three viral vectors for virus-induced gene silencing have been developed for soybean. One of the features of the soybean genome is the presence of a large number of duplicated genes. Potential use of RNA silencing technology in combination with forward genetic approaches for analyzing duplicated genes is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Kasai
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Akira Kanazawa
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hoffer P, Ivashuta S, Pontes O, Vitins A, Pikaard C, Mroczka A, Wagner N, Voelker T. Posttranscriptional gene silencing in nuclei. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:409-14. [PMID: 21173264 PMCID: PMC3017132 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1009805108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) with sequence homology to transcribed regions of genes can guide the sequence-specific degradation of corresponding mRNAs, leading to posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS). The current consensus is that siRNA-mediated PTGS occurs primarily in the cytoplasm where target mRNAs are localized and translated into proteins. However, expression of an inverted-repeat double-stranded RNA corresponding to the soybean FAD2-1A desaturase intron is sufficient to silence FAD2-1, implicating nuclear precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) rather than cytosolic mRNA as the target of PTGS. Silencing FAD2-1 using intronic or 3'-UTR sequences does not affect transcription rates of the target genes but results in the strong reduction of target transcript levels in the nucleus. Moreover, siRNAs corresponding to pre-mRNA-specific sequences accumulate in the nucleus. In Arabidopsis, we find that two enzymes involved in PTGS, Dicer-like 4 and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6, are localized in the nucleus. Collectively, these results demonstrate that siRNA-directed RNA degradation can take place in the nucleus, suggesting the need for a more complex view of the subcellular compartmentation of PTGS in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olga Pontes
- Biology Department, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130; and
| | - Alexa Vitins
- Biology Department, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130; and
| | - Craig Pikaard
- Department of Biology and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|