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Deng CZ, Lee HC, Chen LYA, Chen SH. The Impact of Relocation Patterns on Psychological Stress. Psychol Sci 2024; 35:597-612. [PMID: 38648277 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241239915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated how relocation patterns affect disaster survivors' psychological stress on the diverse durations and spaces of relocation. It analyzed a 10-year data set of 1,236 families affected by 2009's Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan, identifying six relocation patterns through dynamic time warping (DTW). A hierarchical linear model was utilized, revealing the discernible impacts of environmental factors, sociocultural factors, and family-level socioeconomic factors on psychological stress. The study revealed that survivors who quickly found stable residences after the disaster initially experienced lower stress levels, but in the long term, their stress increased. Conversely, those with unstable residences experienced higher initial stress but lower long-term stress. Comparing similar patterns, we found that survivors who had more time for preparation and who sought opportunities, coped, or adapted to secondary stressors before long-distance relocation faced lower stress levels. These findings suggest that relocation patterns have a greater impact on the psychosocial stress of disaster survivors than time or relocation distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Zhong Deng
- National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Chieh Lee
- National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Yen A Chen
- Institute of Clinical Nursing, College of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
| | - Sue-Huei Chen
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University
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Matsuoka Y, Haseda M, Kanamori M, Sato K, Amemiya A, Ojima T, Takagi D, Hanazato M, Kondo N. Does disaster-related relocation impact mental health via changes in group participation among older adults? Causal mediation analysis of a pre-post disaster study of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1982. [PMID: 37821854 PMCID: PMC10568925 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disaster-related relocation is associated with depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, especially in older adults. Disaster-related relocation often deprives survivors of opportunities for social group participation, potentially deteriorating their mental health. On the contrary, the relocation could also be an opportunity for optimizing social relationships, ending/reducing unwanted participation. This study examined the potential mediation effects of changing participation for the link of disaster-related relocation to mental health. METHODS We analyzed a pre-post disaster dataset of functionally independent older adults from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Following the 2013 survey, a follow-up survey was conducted seven months after the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (n = 828). RESULTS The causal mediation analyses indicated that compared to no relocation, the relative risk for experiencing major depressive episodes among those relocating to temporary housing was 3.79 [95% confidence interval: 1.70-6.64] (natural direct effect). By contrast, the relative risk for those renewing (either ceased or started) group participation was 0.60 [95% CI: 0.34-0.94] (natural indirect effect). CONCLUSIONS Optimization of social ties according to a renewal of group participation status might have protected older adults in temporary housing against depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsuoka
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Maho Haseda
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mariko Kanamori
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koryu Sato
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Airi Amemiya
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ojima
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takagi
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hanazato
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Science Frontier Laboratory, Kyoto University, Floor 2, Yoshida-konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan.
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Marcus H, Hanna L, Tait P, Stone S, Wannous C. Climate Change and the Public Health Imperative for Supporting Migration as Adaptation. J Migr Health 2023; 7:100174. [PMID: 36968560 PMCID: PMC10034433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In an era of accelerating global climate change, human mobility has reached unprecedented levels. While it is acknowledged that many cases of human migration in the context of climate change are forced or involuntary, particularly where adaptation measures have failed to achieve sufficient resiliency of communities against impending slow- and sudden-onset disasters. There are also many cases where migration is, itself, a voluntary adaptive measure to secure otherwise unattainable physical safety and life-sustaining resources. It is in these cases that migration can be viewed as adaptation. Under the right policy conditions, it is possible for such adaptive migration to save countless lives. Moreover, it can achieve remarkable health and well-being gains for otherwise vulnerable communities residing on environmentally degrading lands and disproportionately suffering from the health impacts of climate change. While several activists have spoken loudly on the topic of climate migration, emphasizing the human rights imperative for supportive global policy action, the public health community has not been equally vocal nor unanimous in its stance. This paper, a product of the World Federation of Public Health Associations (WFPHA) Environmental Health Working Group, aims to rectify this gap, by analyzing adaptive climate migration through a public health lens. In doing so, it argues that creating an enabling environment for adaptive climate migration is not just a human rights imperative, but also a public health one. This argument is supported by evidence demonstrating how creating such an enabling environment can synergistically support the fulfillment of key public health services and functions, as outlined under the internationally endorsed Global Charter for the Public's Health of the WFPHA.
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Uneven Growth in Social Capital Organizations After Disasters by Pre-Disaster Conditions in the United States 2000-2014. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 17:e278. [PMID: 36503707 PMCID: PMC10391527 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Community-level social capital organizations are critical pre-existing resources that can be leveraged in a disaster. AIM The study aimed to test the hypothesis that communities with larger pre-disaster stocks of social capital organizations would maintain pre-disaster levels or experience growth. METHODOLOGY An annual panel dataset of counties in the contiguous United States from 2000 to 2014 totaling 46620 county-years, including longitudinal data on disasters and social capital institutions was used to evaluate the effect of disaster on growth of social capital. RESULTS When a county experienced more months of disasters, social capital organizations increased a year later. These findings varied based on the baseline level of social capital organizations. For counties experiencing minor disaster impacts, growth in social capital organizations tends to occur in counties with more social capital organizations in 2000; this effect is a countervailing finding to that of major disasters, and effect sizes are larger. CONCLUSION Given the growing frequency of smaller-scale disasters and the considerable number of communities that experienced these disasters, the findings suggest that small scale events create the most common and potentially broadest impact opportunity for intervention to lessen disparities in organizational growth.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine death occurrences of Puerto Ricans on the mainland USA following the arrival of Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico in September 2017. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS Persons of Puerto Rican origin on the mainland USA. EXPOSURES Hurricane Maria. MAIN OUTCOME We use an interrupted time series design to analyse all-cause mortality of Puerto Ricans in the USA following the hurricane. Hispanic origin data from the National Vital Statistics System and from the Public Use Microdata Sample of the American Community Survey are used to estimate monthly origin-specific mortality rates for the period 2012-2018. We estimated log-linear regressions of monthly deaths of persons of Puerto Rican origin by age group, gender, and educational attainment. RESULTS We found an increase in mortality for persons of Puerto Rican origin during the 6-month period following the hurricane (October 2017 through March 2018), suggesting that deaths among these persons were 3.7% (95% CI 0.025 to 0.049) higher than would have otherwise been expected. In absolute terms, we estimated 514 excess deaths (95% CI 346 to 681) of persons of Puerto Rican origin that occurred on the mainland USA, concentrated in those aged 65 years or older. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest an undercounting of previous deaths as a result of the hurricane due to the systematic effects on the displaced and resident populations in the mainland USA. Displaced populations are frequently overlooked in disaster relief and subsequent research. Ignoring these populations provides an incomplete understanding of the damages and loss of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boriana Miloucheva
- Department of Economics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gustavo J Bobonis
- Department of Economics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Mansour A, Bentley R, Baker E, Li A, Martino E, Clair A, Daniel L, Mishra SR, Howard NJ, Phibbs P, Jacobs DE, Beer A, Blakely T, Howden-Chapman P. Housing and health: an updated glossary. J Epidemiol Community Health 2022; 76:833-838. [PMID: 35760516 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2022-219085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent crises have underscored the importance that housing has in sustaining good health and, equally, its potential to harm health. Considering this and building on Howden-Chapman's early glossary of housing and health and the WHO Housing and Health Guidelines, this paper introduces a range of housing and health-related terms, reflecting almost 20 years of development in the field. It defines key concepts currently used in research, policy and practice to describe housing in relation to health and health inequalities. Definitions are organised by three overarching aspects of housing: affordability (including housing affordability stress (HAS) and fuel poverty), suitability (including condition, accessibility and sustainable housing) and security (including precarious housing and homelessness). Each of these inter-related aspects of housing can be either protective of, or detrimental to, health. This glossary broadens our understanding of the relationship between housing and health to further promote interdisciplinarity and strengthen the nexus between these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelle Mansour
- Healthy Housing, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Bentley
- Healthy Housing, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Baker
- Australian Centre for Housing Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ang Li
- Healthy Housing, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erika Martino
- Healthy Housing, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy Clair
- Australian Centre for Housing Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lyrian Daniel
- Australian Centre for Housing Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shiva Raj Mishra
- Population Interventions, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natasha J Howard
- Wardliparingga Aboriginal Health Equity Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Phibbs
- Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David E Jacobs
- National Center for Healthy Housing, Columbia, Maryland, USA.,University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew Beer
- UniSA Business, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tony Blakely
- Population Interventions, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philippa Howden-Chapman
- He Kāinga Oranga/Housing and Health Research Programme, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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Page-Tan C, Fraser T. COVID-19 to go? The role of disasters and evacuation in the COVID-19 pandemic. GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE : HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS 2022; 73:102471. [PMID: 35035122 PMCID: PMC8747941 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since the start of the pandemic, some U.S. communities have faced record storms, fires, and floods. Communities have confronted the increased challenge of curbing the spread of COVID-19 amid evacuation orders and short-term displacement that result from hazards. This raises the question of whether disasters, evacuations, and displacements have resulted in above-average infection rates during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates the relationship between disaster intensity, sheltering-in-place, evacuation-related mobility, and contagion following Hurricane Zeta in Southeastern Louisiana and The Wildfires in Napa and Sonoma Counties, California, known as the Glass Fire. We draw on data from the county subdivision level and mapped and aggregated tallies of Facebook user movement from the Facebook Data for Good program's GeoInsights Portal. We test the effects of disasters, evacuation, and shelter-in-place behaviors on COVID-19 spread using panel data models, matched panel models, and synthetic control experiments. Our findings suggest associations between disaster intensity and higher rates of COVID-19 cases. We also find that while sheltering-in-place led to decreases in the spread of COVID-19, evacuation-related mobility did not result in our hypothesized surge of cases immediately after the disasters. The findings from this study aim to inform policymakers and scholars about how to better respond to disasters during multi-crisis events, such as offering hotel accommodations to evacuees instead of mass shelters and updating intake and accommodation procedures at shelters, such as administration temperature screenings, offering hand sanitizing stations, and providing isolated areas for ill evacuees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Page-Tan
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Dept. of Security and Emergency Services, 1 Aerospace Boulevard, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA
| | - Timothy Fraser
- Dept. of Political Science, Northeastern University 960A Renaissance Park, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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9
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Burrows K, Pelupessy DC, Khoshnood K, Bell ML. Environmental Displacement and Mental Well-Being in Banjarnegara, Indonesia. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:117002. [PMID: 34747632 PMCID: PMC8575071 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residential moves (displacement) owing to climate- and weather-related disasters may significantly impact mental health. Despite the growing risk from climate change, health impacts of environmental-mobility remain understudied. OBJECTIVES We assessed the effects of displacement on the association between landslides and changes in perceived mental well-being in Banjarnegara, Indonesia. We also investigated whether sociodemographics (age, sex, level of education, household-level income, or employment in agriculture) and landslide characteristics (number and severity of landslides) were associated with differing odds of relocation after experiencing landslides. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed 420 individuals who experienced landslides between 2014 and 2018 to assess perceived changes in mental well-being, comparing after landslide exposure to before landslide exposure. We used a novel six-item measure that was created in collaboration with the local community to compare perceived changes between those who were displaced by landslides and those who were not displaced, using logistic and multinomial regressions adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. We then assessed whether the odds of displacement differed based on sociodemographic characteristics and landslide exposure characteristics, using logistic regressions. RESULTS Those who were displaced were more likely than those who were not displaced to report perceived increases in economic stability [odds ratio (OR)=3.06; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.45, 6.46], optimism (OR=4.01; 95% CI: 1.87, 8.61), safety (OR=2.71; 95% CI: 1.44, 5.10), religiosity (OR=1.92; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.65), and closeness with community (OR=1.90; 95% CI: 1.10, 3.33) after landslides compared with before their first landslide during the study period. More frequent landslide exposures were associated with reduced odds of relocation, but more severe landslides were associated with increased odds of relocation. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that landslides affect the mental well-being not only of those who are displaced but also of those who are left behind. Further, this work supports the need for community-based participatory research to fully capture the health impacts of environmental mobility. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9391.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Burrows
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Kaveh Khoshnood
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michelle L. Bell
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Salami B, Iwuagwu S, Amodu O, Tulli M, Ndikom C, Gommaa H, Lavin T, Kariwo M. The health of internally displaced children in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 5:bmjgh-2020-002584. [PMID: 32859650 PMCID: PMC7454178 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Internally displaced children are those who have been forced to flee their homes due to severe unfavourable conditions (war, violence or disasters) but have not crossed international borders. Emerging research shows these children face multiple health challenges. However, we found no review focused solely on the health of such internally displaced children. Thus, this review sought to examine what is known about their health and their health concerns. Methods A scoping review of the literature was conducted. A total of 10 databases were searched in January 2019, yielding 6602 articles after duplicates were eliminated. Two research assistants independently selected articles that met inclusion criteria. A numerical summary and thematic analysis were conducted to facilitate data extraction and data analysis. Results A total of 25 articles met the inclusion criteria, including 16 quantitative, 6 qualitative and 3 mixed methods studies. The findings reveal elevated mental health problems and infectious diseases in this population. Findings on the nutritional status of internally displaced children as a broad group are mixed, with some studies showing poorer nutritional status among the children in this group and others showing poorer nutritional health status among host society children. Internally displaced children also experience challenges with access to health services. Premigration factors (trauma) and postmigration factors (humanitarian assistance on displacement) all contribute to the health of internally displaced children. Conclusion Findings provide insight into the complex array of factors influencing the health of internally displaced children. More intervention studies are required to address the needs of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bukola Salami
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Oluwakemi Amodu
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mia Tulli
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chizoma Ndikom
- Department of Nursing, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Hayat Gommaa
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Tina Lavin
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Kariwo
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Conrad RC, Hahm H“C, Koire A, Pinder-Amaker S, Liu CH. College student mental health risks during the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications of campus relocation. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 136:117-126. [PMID: 33588225 PMCID: PMC8635290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE During the COVID-19 pandemic, many universities evacuated their campuses, requiring students to vacate on campus residences. The psychological outcomes of students who relocated during the pandemic remains unknown. We examined mandated relocation experiences related to self-reported worry, grief, loneliness, and depressive, generalized anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional survey data obtained from April 9 to August 4, 2020 on 791 young adults (ages 18-30 years) who were enrolled at a U.S. university. The CARES 2020 Project (COVID-19 Adult Resilience Experiences Study) is an online survey of young adults' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recruitment relied on snowball sampling. Participants were asked if they were required to relocate from campus and among those who did, their experiences in moving. COVID-19-related worry and grief, loneliness, and depressive, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms were assessed. RESULTS Approximately one-third of students reported being mandated to relocate. Students mandated to relocate reported more COVID-19-related grief, loneliness, and generalized anxiety symptoms compared to those who did not even after controlling for the severity level of local COVID-19 outbreaks. Students who had to leave behind valuable personal belongings reported more COVID-19-related worries, grief, and depressive, generalized anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Students who were mandated to relocate reported worse psychological outcomes compared to students who were not mandated to relocate. Our findings have implications for addressing the psychological impact of evacuating college campuses during public health emergencies and other disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C. Conrad
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hyeouk “Chris” Hahm
- School of Social Work, Boston University, 264 Bay State Rd, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Amanda Koire
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Stephanie Pinder-Amaker
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Cindy H. Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Department of Newborn Medicine, 221 Longwood Avenue, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Corresponding author. Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Lépine A, Restuccio M, Strobl E. Can we mitigate the effect of natural disasters on child health? Evidence from the Indian Ocean tsunami in Indonesia. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2021; 30:432-452. [PMID: 33253426 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was an international natural disaster unlike any seen before, killing 166,561 people in Aceh province, Indonesia. It prompted an unprecedented humanitarian response and was a catalyst in ending almost 30 years of civil conflict in Aceh. Since the tsunami was followed by a multitude of events, we first conduct a systematic review to identify those events in Indonesia. We then use a synthetic control method to estimate the combination of those effects on child mortality indicators in Aceh for the 13 years that followed the disaster using data from 258,918 children born between 1990 and 2017. The results show a significant increase in under-5 mortality only the year after the tsunami and no effect in the medium term. However, younger and older children were affected differently in the medium term. In fact, we show a decrease in child mortality among children aged 1-4 years. In contrast, we observe an increase in mortality among children under-1 in 2009 and 2010. Overall, the resilience of Aceh province points to the importance of coordinated international disaster responses after natural disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélia Lépine
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Eric Strobl
- Department of Economics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Fitzpatrick KM. Post-traumatic stress symptomatology and displacement among Hurricane Harvey survivors. Soc Sci Med 2021; 270:113634. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Koslov L, Merdjanoff A, Sulakshana E, Klinenberg E. When rebuilding no longer means recovery: the stress of staying put after Hurricane Sandy. CLIMATIC CHANGE 2021; 165:59. [PMID: 33907342 PMCID: PMC8062611 DOI: 10.1007/s10584-021-03069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
After a disaster, it is common to equate repopulation and rebuilding with recovery. Numerous studies link post-disaster relocation to adverse social, economic, and health outcomes. However, there is a need to reconsider these relationships in light of accelerating climate change and associated social and policy shifts in the USA, including the rising cost of flood insurance, the challenge of obtaining aid to rebuild, and growing interest in "managed retreat" from places at greatest risk. This article presents data from a survey of individuals who opted either to rebuild in place or relocate with the help of a voluntary home buyout after Hurricane Sandy. Findings show those who lived in buyout-eligible areas and relocated were significantly less likely to report worsened stress than those who rebuilt in place. This suggests access to a government-supported voluntary relocation option may, under certain circumstances, lessen the negative mental health consequences associated with disaster-related housing damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz Koslov
- Department of Urban Planning and Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Alexis Merdjanoff
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, 10003 NY USA
| | - Elana Sulakshana
- Undergraduate Sustainable Development Program, Columbia University, New York, 10027 NY USA
| | - Eric Klinenberg
- Department of Sociology, New York University, New York, 10003 NY USA
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Fitzpatrick KM, Willis DE, Spialek ML, English E. Food Insecurity in the Post-Hurricane Harvey Setting: Risks and Resources in the Midst of Uncertainty. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228424. [PMID: 33203035 PMCID: PMC7696393 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Food insecurity is of heightened concern during and after natural disasters; higher prevalence is typically reported in post-disaster settings. The current study examines food insecurity prevalence and specific risk/resource variables that may act as barriers or advantages in accessing food in such a setting. Using a modified quota sample (n = 316), Hurricane Harvey survivors participated in face-to-face interviews and/or online surveys that assessed health, social and household factors, and sociodemographic characteristics. Using logistic regression analyses we find that social vulnerabilities, circumstantial risk, and social and psychological resources are important in determining the odds of food insecurity. Hispanic and/or Nonwhite survivors, renters, and those persons displaced during the natural disaster have higher food insecurity odds. Survivors with stronger social ties, higher levels of mastery, and a greater sense of connectedness to their community are found to have lower food insecurity odds. A more nuanced analysis of circumstantial risk finds that while the independent effects of displacement and home ownership are important, so too is the intersection of these two factors, with displaced-renters experiencing significantly higher odds than any other residence and displacement combinations, and particularly those who are homeowners not displaced during the disaster. Strategies for addressing differential risks, as well as practical approaches for implementation and education programming related to disaster recovery, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Fitzpatrick
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-479-856-8820
| | - Don E. Willis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Matthew L. Spialek
- Department of Communications, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Emily English
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
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Onset and remission of common mental disorders among adults living in temporary housing for three years after the triple disaster in Northeast Japan: comparisons with the general population. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1271. [PMID: 32819348 PMCID: PMC7441677 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09378-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People living in temporary housing for long periods after a disaster are at risk of poor mental health. This study investigated the post-disaster incidence and remission of common mental disorders among adults living in temporary housing for the 3 years following the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. Methods Three years after the disaster, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 1089 adult residents living in temporary housing in the disaster area, i.e., the shelter group, and a random sample of 852 community residents from non-disaster areas of East Japan. The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to diagnose DSM-IV mood, anxiety, and alcohol use disorders. Information on demographic variables and disaster experiences was also collected. Results Response rates were 49 and 46% for the shelter group and the community residents, respectively. The incidence of mood/anxiety disorder in the shelter group was elevated only in the first year post-disaster compared to that of the general population. The rate of remission for mood and anxiety disorders was significantly lower in the shelter group than in the community residents. The proportion seeking medical treatment was higher in the shelter group. Conclusions The onset of common mental disorders increased in the first year, but then levelled off in the following years among residents in temporary housing after the disaster. Remission from incident post-disaster mental disorders was slower in the shelter group than in the general population. Post-disaster mental health service could consider the greater incidence in the first year and prolonged remission of mental disorders among survivors with a long-term stay in temporary housing after a disaster.
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Ren Z, Guo J, Yang C. Loss of homeland: a qualitative study of the changes in perception of relocated Sichuan earthquake survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:392. [PMID: 32736652 PMCID: PMC7393814 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research aims to explore the life experiences of relocated earthquake survivors with PTSD and develop a conceptual framework for understanding their life experiences. METHOD Interviews were conducted with twenty-three participants. The participant selection, data collection and analysis were based on grounded theory methodology. A theoretical model called "loss of homeland" was developed. RESULTS Loss of homeland was the most important condition that influenced the relocated participants' self-identity, social connections, and meaning system. These aspects were categorized into existential changes, lost connections, and changes in identity. Post-disaster relocation threatens individuals' sense of meaning, integrity of self, and sense of belonging, affects every aspect of everyday life and shatters their inner and outer harmony. CONCLUSIONS Further research guided by this theoretical model is needed to inform post-disaster mental health services and relocation policy. Mental health professionals and policy makers can make more informed decisions in terms of disaster relocation policy and manage post-disaster psychological disturbances by focusing on both places and people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjia Ren
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Southwest Hospital, The first Hospital affiliated to Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Junwei Guo
- The psychological clinic of Chongqing traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunsong Yang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Inoue Y, Jeong S. Did the Number of Older People Requiring Long-Term Care and Expenditure Increase after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake? Analysis of Changes over Six Years. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051621. [PMID: 32138201 PMCID: PMC7084324 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
On 11 March 2011, the great earthquake hit Japan, resulting in 15,895 deaths, 6156 serious injuries, and 2539 missing persons. This event affected the health and lives of older residents, and reports showed an increase in the number of people eligible for long-term care afterward. In this study, among the places affected by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami, we focused on 15 municipalities, including designated municipalities based on the Special Act on Nuclear Evacuation in Fukushima Prefecture, and aimed to clarify the medium-term effects (six years post-disaster) on the long-term care certification rate and expenditure for provision of services. We used the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare Monthly Status Report on Long-Term Care Insurance and the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Population Register for 2011, 2014, and 2017. In 2011, we found no intergroup differences among the 15 Fukushima municipalities and other municipalities in either the long-term care certification rate or the per-person expenditure for use of services. In 2014, after the earthquake, the long-term care certification rate was 5.4% higher in the 15 Fukushima municipalities than in other municipalities for those aged 75 years or older. The rate of 2014-2017 has not increased significantly, partly because of stability after the disaster and change in the population structure. Nevertheless, the long-term care certification rate in the 15 Fukushima municipalities is higher than that of the other two groups even after six years since the earthquake. Similarly, the per-person expenditure for use of services for one month was 11,800 yen higher in the 15 Fukushima municipalities than in other municipalities in 2014, and this trend continued into 2017. Strong, ongoing governmental support is needed, especially for those aged 75 or older, following a disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Welfare Systems and Health Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Seungwon Jeong
- Department of Community Welfare, Niimi University, Niimi, Okayama 718-8585, Japan;
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Raker EJ, Lowe SR, Arcaya MC, Johnson ST, Rhodes J, Waters MC. Twelve years later: The long-term mental health consequences of Hurricane Katrina. Soc Sci Med 2019; 242:112610. [PMID: 31677480 PMCID: PMC8450020 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused unprecedented damage, widespread population displacement, and exposed Gulf Coast residents to traumatic events. The hurricane's adverse impact on survivors' mental health was apparent shortly after the storm and persisted, but no study has examined the long-term effects now that more than a decade has transpired. Using new data from a panel study of low-income mothers interviewed once before Hurricane Katrina and now three times after, we document changes in mental health, and estimate the sociodemographic and hurricane-related factors associated with long-term trajectories of mental health. We find that post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) declined at each of the three post-Katrina follow-ups, but 12 years after the hurricane, one in six still had symptoms indicative of probable post-traumatic stress disorder. The rate of non-specific psychological distress (PD) remained consistently higher in all three follow-ups, compared to the pre-disaster period. In full covariate-adjusted models, no sociodemographic variables predicted long-run combinations of PTSS and PD. However, 12 years later, exposure to hurricane-related traumatic events and pre-disaster PD significantly predicted co-occurring PTSS and PD. Hurricane-related housing damage predicted PTSS in earlier follow-ups, but no longer predicted PTSS in the long-term. Furthermore, hurricane-related traumatic events significantly differentiated the risk of having persistent PTSS, relative to recovering from PTSS. The results suggest that there is still a non-negligible group of survivors with continued need for recovery resources and that exposure to traumatic events is a primary predictor of adverse mental health more than a decade post-disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sydney T Johnson
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, United States
| | - Jean Rhodes
- University of Massachusetts, Boston, United States
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Wu J, Huang C, Pang M, Wang Z, Yang L, FitzGerald G, Zhong S. Planned sheltering as an adaptation strategy to climate change: Lessons learned from the severe flooding in Anhui Province of China in 2016. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 694:133586. [PMID: 31386954 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evacuation and sheltering is both a disaster response measure and a strategy to adapt to climate change, and consequently address the Sustainable Development Goals. Research has found that displacement does cause negative health impacts to evacuees, but few studies have observed how planned sheltering might reduce adverse health impacts. This article identifies the good practice and lessons learned from China's response to severe flooding in Anhui province in 2016. METHODS First, we identified the key phases for disaster sheltering by analyzing related government reports. We then interviewed 21 relevant professionals in order to identify good practice and lessons learned which could lead to better health outcomes (e.g., reduce fatalities, infectious diseases, and mental health problems). Interviewees were selected through a purposive sampling strategy, which identified emergency management professionals and those who had been assigned evacuation, sheltering, or medical tasks. Finally, thematic analysis and the constant comparative method were used to code, identify, and describe the good practice and challenges during key phases. RESULTS Good practice included: using early warning systems to advise communities of risks and enforce evacuation in the flood zone; preparing and using schools as shelters with open-ended periods of operation; and, providing stable shelter accommodations which offered medical and public health services, clean drinking water and food, sanitation, and toilet hygiene through multiagency cooperation. Challenges included: providing mental health services, evaluating intervention effectiveness, managing volunteers, monitoring long-term health effects, and providing economic support. CONCLUSIONS The unintended negative effects caused by sheltering during extreme weather can be reduced. This requires close cooperation among government entities to establish planned mass shelters with appropriate levels of personal, environmental and healthcare support and to ensure long-term physical and mental health support. Additionally, if disaster mitigation strategies are integrated with climate adaptation plans, we can design more health-oriented and sustainable cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Wu
- Public Health Emergency Office, Anhui Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghui Pang
- Center for Chinese Public Administration Research, School of Government, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Public Health Emergency Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lianping Yang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gerard FitzGerald
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Shuang Zhong
- Center for Chinese Public Administration Research, School of Government, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Quast T, Andel R, Sadhu AR. Long-term Effects of Disasters on Seniors With Diabetes: Evidence From Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:2090-2097. [PMID: 31548250 PMCID: PMC6804607 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the long-run mortality effects of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on seniors with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of Medicare enrollment and claims data covering four states and ∼10 years. Affected individuals were identified by whether they lived in a county that suffered a high impact and were stratified by whether they moved to a different county following the storms. Propensity scores matched affected and comparison subjects based on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and the presence of chronic conditions. Our sample consisted of 170,328 matched affected subjects. RESULTS The affected subjects had a nearly 40% higher all-cause mortality risk in the 1st month after the storms, but the difference fell to <6% by the end of the full observation period. The mortality risks of heart disease and nephritis also exhibited the largest differences immediately following the storms. Among the affected subjects, the all-cause mortality risk was higher for those who moved to a different county, with an especially large difference among those who moved to an affected county. CONCLUSIONS The propensity matching procedure resulted in the comparison and affected groups having similar observable characteristics. However, we only examined the extreme outcome of mortality, our definition of affected was somewhat crude, and our sample did not include individuals enrolled in Medicare Advantage. Our findings highlight the importance of the immediate response to disasters, yet also demonstrate the long-lasting impact disasters can have.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy Quast
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Ross Andel
- College of Behavioral and Community Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, and Department of Neurology, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Archana R Sadhu
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Texas A&M Health Science Center, and Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas
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Zahlawi T, Roome AB, Chan CW, Campbell JJ, Tosiro B, Malanga M, Tagaro M, Obed J, Iaruel J, Taleo G, Tarivonda L, Olszowy KM, Dancause KN. Psychosocial support during displacement due to a natural disaster: relationships with distress in a lower-middle income country. Int Health 2019; 11:472-479. [DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihy099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Past studies show relationships between disaster-related displacement and adverse psychosocial health outcomes. The development of psychosocial interventions following displacement is thus increasingly prioritized. However, data from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are lacking. In October 2017, the population of Ambae Island in Vanuatu, a lower-middle income country, was temporarily displaced due to volcanic activity. We analyzed distress among adults displaced due to the event and differences based on the psychosocial support they received.
Methods
Data on experiences during displacement, distress and psychosocial support were collected from 443 adults 2–3 wk after repatriation to Ambae Island. Four support categories were identified: Healthcare professional, Traditional/community, Not available and Not wanted. We analyzed differences in distress by sex and group using one-way ANOVA and generalized linear models.
Results
Mean distress scores were higher among women (1.90, SD=0.97) than men (1.64, SD=0.98) (p<0.004). In multivariate models, psychosocial support group was associated with distress among women (p=0.033), with higher scores among women who reported no available support compared with every other group. Both healthcare professional and traditional support networks were widely used.
Conclusions
Women might be particularly vulnerable to distress during disaster-related displacement in LMICs, and those who report a lack of support might be at greater risk. Both healthcare professional and traditional networks provide important sources of support that are widely used and might help to ameliorate symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Zahlawi
- Département des sciences de l’activité physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Amanda B Roome
- Binghamton University, Department of Anthropology, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Chim W Chan
- Island Malaria Group, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Bev Tosiro
- Lolowai Hospital, PMB 9009, Ambae, Republic of Vanuatu
| | - Max Malanga
- Lolowai Hospital, PMB 9009, Ambae, Republic of Vanuatu
| | | | - Jimmy Obed
- Vanuatu Ministry of Health, PMB 9042, Port Vila, Republic of Vanuatu
| | - Jerry Iaruel
- Vanuatu Ministry of Health, PMB 9042, Port Vila, Republic of Vanuatu
| | - George Taleo
- Vanuatu Ministry of Health, PMB 9042, Port Vila, Republic of Vanuatu
| | - Len Tarivonda
- Vanuatu Ministry of Health, PMB 9042, Port Vila, Republic of Vanuatu
| | - Kathryn M Olszowy
- Cleveland State University, Department of Criminology, Anthropology & Sociology, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kelsey N Dancause
- Département des sciences de l’activité physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Kusama T, Aida J, Sugiyama K, Matsuyama Y, Koyama S, Sato Y, Yamamoto T, Igarashi A, Tsuboya T, Osaka K. Does the Type of Temporary Housing Make a Difference in Social Participation and Health for Evacuees of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami? A Cross-Sectional Study. J Epidemiol 2018; 29:391-398. [PMID: 30344193 PMCID: PMC6737186 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20180080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the majority of survivors of the huge Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami evacuated to two types of temporary housings, prefabricated housing and rented housing, health effects of these different environments were unclear. We examined whether prevalent social participation in prefabricated housing brought larger health benefits than in rented housing using the largest health survey data of the disaster survivors. Methods This cross-sectional study used a 2012 survey by the Miyagi Prefectural Government, in which almost all of evacuees were targeted (response rate: 61.6%). Self-rated health (SRH) and psychological distress measured via K6 score were the dependent variables, and social participation was the independent variable. Odds ratios of the social participation on health variables were estimated using logistic regression models. To assess the contribution of social participation, the population attributable fraction (PAF) was estimated. Results The participants lived in prefabricated and rented housing numbered 19,726 and 28,270, respectively. Participants in prefabricated housing had poorer SRH and K6 than those in rented housing. The proportions of participants engaging in social participation of prefabricated and rented housing were 38.2% and 15.4%, respectively. The absence of social participation was significantly associated with poor SRH and K6 among participants in both housing types. The PAFs of social participation with good SRH were 39.5% in prefabricated housing and 14.4% in rented housing. For K6, the PAFs were 47.1% and 19.5% in prefabricated and rented housing, respectively. Conclusion Compared to the residents in rented housing, residents in prefabricated housing had more frequent opportunities for social participation, which was associated with larger health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kusama
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry.,Miyagi Prefectural Government Office
| | - Kemmyo Sugiyama
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Yusuke Matsuyama
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU).,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
| | - Shihoko Koyama
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry.,Division of Community Oral Health Science, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization
| | - Yukihiro Sato
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry.,Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University
| | - Takafumi Yamamoto
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Ayaka Igarashi
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Toru Tsuboya
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Ken Osaka
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry.,Disaster Medical Science Division, Disaster Related Oral Health, International Research Institute of Disaster Science
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A review of non-specialised, group-based mental health and psychosocial interventions in displaced populations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MIGRATION, HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/ijmhsc-02-2018-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe non-specialised, group-based interventions in displaced populations from reviewed literature, and to explore their outcomes.
Design/methodology/approach
A literature review was conducted using the PubMed database, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, and defined “grey literature”. Characteristics of the interventions were summarised into a table under key categories such as targeted persons, study setting, level of evidence, outcome measures, assessment tools used and summary of results.
Findings
In total, 11 articles were identified stemming from nine separate interventions. Three of these were considered level 1 evidence as they were randomised controlled trials. The described interventions were markedly heterogeneous in nature and produced diverse findings. There were noted methodological issues in the majority of interventions reviewed.
Originality/value
This original research has demonstrated clear need for research that uses robust methodology accounting for the complex and challenging nature of this context.
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Health Needs of Older Adults After Natural Disasters: A Systematic Literature Review. Trauma Mon 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/traumamon.60622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Zhong S, Yang L, Toloo S, Wang Z, Tong S, Sun X, Crompton D, FitzGerald G, Huang C. The long-term physical and psychological health impacts of flooding: A systematic mapping. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 626:165-194. [PMID: 29339262 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flooding has caused significant and wide ranging long-term health impacts for affected populations. However, until now, the long-term health outcomes, epidemiological trends and specific impact factors of flooding had not been identified. In this study, the relevant literature was systematically mapped to create the first synthesis of the evidence of the long-term health impacts of flooding. METHODS The systematic mapping method was used to collect and categorize all the relevant literature. A study was included if it had a description or measurement of health impacts over six months after flooding. The search was limited to peer reviewed articles and grey literature written in English, published from 1996 to 2016. RESULTS A total of 56 critical articles were extracted for the final map, including 5 qualitative and 51 quantitative studies. Most long-term studies investigated the psychological impacts of flooding, including PTSD, depression, anxiety, psychiatric disorders, sleep disorder and suicide. Others investigated the physiological impacts, including health-related quality of life, acute myocardial infarction, chronic diseases, and malnutrition. Social support was proved to be protective factors that can improve health outcomes in the long-term after flooding. To date, there have been relatively few reviews had focused on the long-term health impacts of flooding. This study coded and catalogued the existing evidence across a wide range of variables and described the long-term health consequences within a conceptual map. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Although there was no boundary between the short-term and the long-term impacts of flooding, the identified health outcomes in this systematic mapping could be used to define long-term health impacts. The studies showed that the prevalence of psychological diseases had a reversed increasing trend occurred even in the long-term in relatively poor post-flooding environments. Further cohort or longitudinal research focused on disability, chronic diseases, relocation population, and social interventions after flooding, are urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhong
- Center for Chinese Public Administration Research, School of Government, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianping Yang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sam Toloo
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Zhe Wang
- Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shilu Tong
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- School of Health Care Management, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - David Crompton
- Metro South Mental Health District, Sanders Street, Upper Mt Gravatt, QLD, Australia
| | - Gerard FitzGerald
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Cunrui Huang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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27
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Gudmundsdottir R, Hultman CM, Valdimarsdottir U. Evacuation of Swedish survivors after the 2004 Southeast Asian tsunami: The survivors' perspective and symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Scand J Public Health 2018; 47:260-268. [PMID: 29708026 DOI: 10.1177/1403494818771418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Following the 2004 Southeast Asian tsunami, Swedish authorities received public criticism for slow implementation of rescue work. Meanwhile, data are scarce on survivors' perspectives and potential mental health symptoms associated with timing of evacuation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate survivors' contentment with evacuation time and whether duration at disaster site following the 2004 tsunami was associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and psychological morbidity. METHODS Of 10,116 Swedish tsunami survivors who returned to Sweden in the first 3 weeks post tsunami, 4910 (49%) answered a questionnaire 14 months later including questions on evacuation time, contentment with evacuation time and PTSS (Impact of Event Scale). We used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of PTSS by timing of evacuation adjusting for gender, age, education, various indicators of trauma exposure and pre-tsunami psychiatric diagnoses. RESULTS More than half of the survivors (53%) were content with evacuation time while 33% wanted later evacuation and 13% earlier evacuation. Compared with those evacuated 14-21 days post tsunami, individuals evacuated at day 1-4 presented with increased odds of PTSS (crude OR 3.0, 95% CI 2.0-4.5; and multivariable adjusted OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3-3.0) and impaired mental health (crude OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2-2.4; and multivariable adjusted OR 1.4 95% CI 1.0-2.0). CONCLUSIONS One-third of Swedish tsunami survivors preferred a later evacuation from disaster sites. These findings call for further studies, with prospective designs, to disentangle the causal direction of the association between evacuation time and PTSS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina M Hultman
- 2 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.,3 Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Unnur Valdimarsdottir
- 1 Centre of Public Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Iceland.,2 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.,4 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, USA
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28
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Cong Z, Nejat A, Liang D, Pei Y, Javid RJ. Individual relocation decisions after tornadoes: a multi-level analysis. DISASTERS 2018; 42:233-250. [PMID: 28771783 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study examines how multi-level factors affected individuals' relocation decisions after EF4 and EF5 (Enhanced Fujita Tornado Intensity Scale) tornadoes struck the United States in 2013. A telephone survey was conducted with 536 respondents, including oversampled older adults, one year after these two disaster events. Respondents' addresses were used to associate individual information with block group-level variables recorded by the American Community Survey. Logistic regression revealed that residential damage and homeownership are important predictors of relocation. There was also significant interaction between these two variables, indicating less difference between homeowners and renters at higher damage levels. Homeownership diminished the likelihood of relocation among younger respondents. Random effects logistic regression found that the percentage of homeownership and of higher income households in the community buffered the effect of damage on relocation; the percentage of older adults reduced the likelihood of this group relocating. The findings are assessed from the standpoint of age difference, policy implications, and social capital and vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cong
- PhD is an Associate Professor at the Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Texas Tech University, United States
| | - Ali Nejat
- Assistant Professor at the Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, United States
| | - Daan Liang
- PhD is a Professor at the Department of Construction Engineering, National Wind Institute, Texas Tech University, United States
| | - Yaolin Pei
- PhD student at the Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Texas Tech University, United States
| | - Roxana J Javid
- Assistant Professor at the Department of Engineering Technology, Savannah State University, United States
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29
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McGuire AP, Gauthier JM, Anderson LM, Hollingsworth DW, Tracy M, Galea S, Coffey SF. Social Support Moderates Effects of Natural Disaster Exposure on Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: Effects for Displaced and Nondisplaced Residents. J Trauma Stress 2018; 31:223-233. [PMID: 29623684 PMCID: PMC6020825 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Social support is a known protective factor against the negative psychological impact of natural disasters. Most past research has examined how the effects of exposure to traumatic events influences whether someone meets diagnostic criteria for depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); it has also suggested sequelae of disaster exposure depends on whether survivors are displaced from their homes. To capture the full range of the psychological impact of natural disasters, we examined the buffering effects of social support on depressive symptoms and cluster-specific PTSD symptoms, with consideration of displacement status. In a survey conducted 18 to 24 months after Hurricane Katrina, 810 adults exposed to the disaster reported the number of Katrina-related traumatic events experienced, perceived social support 2 months post-Katrina, and cluster-specific PTSD and depressive symptoms experienced since Katrina. Analyses assessed the moderating effects of social support and displacement and the conditional effects of displacement status. Social support significantly buffered the negative effect of Katrina-related traumatic events on depressive symptoms, B = -0.10, p = .001, and avoidance and arousal PTSD symptoms, B = -0.02, p = .035 and B = -0.02, p = .042, respectively. Three-way interactions were nonsignificant. Conditional effects indicated social support buffered development of depressive symptoms across all residents; however, the moderating effects of support on avoidance and arousal symptoms only appeared significant for nondisplaced residents. Results highlight the protective effects of disaster-related social support among nondisplaced individuals, and suggest displaced individuals may require more formal supports for PTSD symptom reduction following a natural disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P. McGuire
- Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA,G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Jami M. Gauthier
- Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA,G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Lisa M. Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA,G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA,Department of PsychiatryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - David W. Hollingsworth
- Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA,G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA,Department of PsychologyFairfield UniversityFairfieldConnecticutUSA
| | - Melissa Tracy
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity at AlbanyState University of New YorkRensselaerNew YorkUSA
| | - Sandro Galea
- School of Public HealthBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Scott F. Coffey
- Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
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Mordeno IG, Hall BJ. DSM-5-based latent PTSD models: Assessing structural relations with GAD in Filipino post-relocatees. Psychiatry Res 2017; 258:1-8. [PMID: 28964957 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies investigated the latent factor structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology following the new fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). To date, there is no consensus on the best representation of PTSD. This study examined six latent PTSD models in a sample of Filipino post-disaster relocatees (N = 523). Further investigation on the relationship of the best-fitting model to generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in the latent level was conducted. The seven-factor hybrid model consisting of intrusion, avoidance, negative affect, anhedonia, externalizing behaviors, anxious arousal, and dysphoric arousal, was the best fitting model. Latent associations between the factors in the hybrid model and GAD suggest there are core and transdiagnostic features of PTSD. These findings have implications for understanding the underlying mechanism of PTSD and can inform the development of trauma-related interventions, particularly among post-disaster relocatees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imelu G Mordeno
- College of Education, Mindanao State University, Iligan Institute of Technology, Philippines
| | - Brian J Hall
- Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, Faculty of Social Sciences (E21), University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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31
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Risk of mortality during and after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami among older coastal residents. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16591. [PMID: 29185489 PMCID: PMC5707380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16636-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study is a nationwide cohort study of individuals aged 65 years and older established in July 2010. Seven months later, one of the study field sites was directly in the line of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. Despite the 1-hour warning interval between the earthquake and tsunami, many coastal residents lost their lives. We analyzed the risk of all-cause mortality on the day of the disaster as well as in the 38-month interval after the disaster. Among 860 participants, 33 (3.8%) died directly because of the tsunami and an additional 95 people died during the 38-month follow-up period. Individuals with depressive symptoms had elevated risk of mortality on the day of the disaster (odds ratio = 3.90 [95% CI: 1.13, 13.47]). More socially connected people also suffered increased risk of mortality, although these estimates were not statistically significant. In contrast, after the disaster, frequent social interactions reverted back to predicting improved survival (hazard ratio = 0.46 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.82)). Depressive symptoms and stronger social connectedness were associated with increased risk of mortality on the day of the disaster. After the disaster, social interactions were linked to improved survival.
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Ueda I, Sakuma A, Takahashi Y, Shoji W, Nagao A, Abe M, Suzuki Y, Matsuoka H, Matsumoto K. Criticism by community people and poor workplace communication as risk factors for the mental health of local welfare workers after the Great East Japan Earthquake: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185930. [PMID: 29166390 PMCID: PMC5699795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
After a large-scale natural disaster, demand for social welfare services increases, and the mental health of local social welfare workers becomes a matter of great concern because of their dual role as support providers and disaster survivors. We examined whether work-related social stressors, including criticism by community people and poor workplace communication, were associated with increased risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, or psychological distress 20-22 months after the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE; March 11, 2011) in local social welfare workers. Demographic characteristics, disaster-related risk factors (near-death experience, dead/missing family members, loss of housing), and work-related social risk factors (criticism, lack of communication) were obtained 20-22 months after the GEJE from 822 local workers. Questionnaires measured PTSD, depression, and psychological stress. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were applied. More local social welfare workers suffered from mental health problems than would be expected. Criticism by community people was significantly associated with probable PTSD and high psychological distress (adjusted odds ratio = 2.31 and 2.55, respectively). Furthermore, lack of workplace communication was associated with probable PTSD, depression, and high psychological distress (adjusted odds ratio = 3.97, 4.27, and 4.65, respectively). Almost 2 years after the disaster, local relief workers still suffered from mental health problems. Because post-disaster work-related social stressors constitute risk factors for these mental health problems, measures to improve working conditions and prevent and treat mental disorders should be a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikki Ueda
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Miyagi Disaster Mental Health Care Center, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Atsushi Sakuma
- Miyagi Disaster Mental Health Care Center, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoko Takahashi
- Miyagi Disaster Mental Health Care Center, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Preventive Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Wataru Shoji
- Miyagi Disaster Mental Health Care Center, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Preventive Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ayami Nagao
- Miyagi Disaster Mental Health Care Center, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Preventive Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mikika Abe
- Miyagi Disaster Mental Health Care Center, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Preventive Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuriko Suzuki
- Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroo Matsuoka
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Miyagi Disaster Mental Health Care Center, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Preventive Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazunori Matsumoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Miyagi Disaster Mental Health Care Center, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Preventive Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Ortiz-Barrios MA, Aleman-Romero BA, Rebolledo-Rudas J, Maldonado-Mestre H, Montes-Villa L, De Felice F, Petrillo A. The analytic decision-making preference model to evaluate the disaster readiness in emergency departments: The A.D.T. model. JOURNAL OF MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/mcda.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lizeth Montes-Villa
- Department of Industrial Engineering; Universidad de la Costa CUC; Barranquilla Colombia
| | - Fabio De Felice
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering; University of Cassino and Southern Lazio; Cassino Italy
| | - Antonella Petrillo
- Department of Engineering; University of Napoli “Parthenope”; Naples Italy
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Najarian LM, Majeed MH, Gasparyan K. Effect of relocation after a natural disaster in Armenia: 20-year follow-up. Asian J Psychiatr 2017; 29:8-12. [PMID: 29061434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is a 20-year follow-up of individual's relocated from their home after the devastating earthquake in Armenia in 1988. METHODS Ninety-seven subjects who were exposed to the earthquake and thirty-seven subjects who were not exposed to the earthquake were administered the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL 90) and the UCLA PTSD Reaction in 2008. The exposed subjects comprised three groups: subjects who stayed in the earthquake city; those who relocated and returned; and a group who left permanently but were visiting family at the time of the study. RESULTS The Stayed group had significantly higher scores on the SCL-90-R when compared to the other three groups. The Stayed group and the Relocated group had significantly higher scores for partial and full PTSD than the Left group and the comparison group. CONCLUSION Permanent relocation to another country where one is able to start a new life in a safe environment provides the best adaptation for recovery when the destruction and delay in reconstruction lasted as long as it did in Armenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis M Najarian
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Norwell School of Medicine, Glen Oaks, NY, United States
| | | | - Kachatur Gasparyan
- Medical Psychology Department, Yerevan State Medial University, Yerevan, Armenia
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35
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Ho JY, Frankenberg E, Sumantri C, Thomas D. Adult Mortality Five Years after a Natural Disaster. POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW 2017; 43:467-490. [PMID: 29731526 PMCID: PMC5929150 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to extreme events has been hypothesized to affect subsequent mortality because of mortality selection and scarring effects of the event itself. We examine survival at and in the five years after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami for a population-representative sample of residents of Aceh, Indonesia who were differentially exposed to the disaster. For this population, the dynamics of selection and scarring are a complex function of the degree of tsunami impact in the community, the nature of individual exposures, age at exposure, and gender. Among individuals from tsunami-affected communities we find evidence for positive mortality selection among older individuals, with stronger effects for males than for females, and that this selection dominates any scarring impact of stressful exposures that elevate mortality. Among individuals from other communities, where mortality selection does not play a role, there is evidence of scarring with property loss associated with elevated mortality risks in the five years after the disaster among adults age 50 or older at the time of the disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Frankenberg
- Corresponding Author: Elizabeth Frankenberg, Department of Public Policy and University of Duke, 201 Science Dr RH 192, Durham, North Carolina, United States,
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Miura I, Nagai M, Maeda M, Harigane M, Fujii S, Oe M, Yabe H, Suzuki Y, Takahashi H, Ohira T, Yasumura S, Abe M. Perception of Radiation Risk as a Predictor of Mid-Term Mental Health after a Nuclear Disaster: The Fukushima Health Management Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14091067. [PMID: 28914809 PMCID: PMC5615604 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14091067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Predictive factors including risk perception for mid-term mental health after a nuclear disaster remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between perceived radiation risk and other factors at baseline and mid-term mental health after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster of 2011 in Japan. A mail-based questionnaire survey was conducted in January 2012 and January 2013. Mental health status was assessed using the K6 scale. Psychological distress over the 2-year period was categorized into the following four groups: chronic, recovered, resistant, or worsened. Most participants (80.3%) were resistant to the disaster. A positive association was found between the radiation risk perception regarding immediate effects and the worsened group in women. Baseline post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or a history of psychiatric disease predicted being in the chronic or worsened group in mid-term course. These results suggest that evacuees who believed that their health was substantially affected by the nuclear disaster were at an increased risk of having poor mid-term mental health in women. Careful assessment of risk perception after a nuclear disaster, including the presence of PTSD or a history of psychiatric disease, is needed for appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Miura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Masato Nagai
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Masaharu Maeda
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Harigane
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Senta Fujii
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Misari Oe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Yuriko Suzuki
- Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan.
| | - Hideto Takahashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Abe
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
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Association between housing type and γ-GTP increase after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Soc Sci Med 2017; 189:76-85. [PMID: 28787629 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that alcohol consumption increases after natural disasters, with an impact on health. However, the impact of relocation upon drinking behavior has been unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the association between housing type and the impact of alcohol consumption on health after the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) of 2011. METHODS We analyzed 569 residents living in devastated areas of Ishinomaki city, who had undergone assessment of their γ-GTP levels at health check-ups in both 2010 and 2013, and had given details of the type of housing they occupied in 2013. The housing types were categorized into five groups: "same housing as that before the GEJE", "prefabricated temporary housing", "privately rented temporary housing/rental housing", "homes of relatives", and "reconstructed housing". We used fixed-effect regression analysis to examine the association between housing type after the GEJE and changes in γ-GTP after adjustment for age, BMI, housing damage, number of people in household, smoking status, presence of illness, psychological distress, and social network. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 71.5 years and 46.2% of them were men. The proportion of individuals who drank heavily, and suffered from psychological distress and insomnia, was highest among those living in privately rented temporary housing/rental housing. Compared with individuals who continued to occupy the same housing as those before the GEJE, the effect of change in γ-GTP was significantly higher in individuals who had moved to privately rented temporary housing/rental housing (b = 9.5, SE = 4.4, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our present findings reveal that disaster victims who have moved to privately rented temporary housing/rental housing are at highest risk of negative health effects due to alcohol drinking.
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McDermott R, Gibbons P. Human rights and proactive displacement: determining the appropriate balance between the duty to protect and the right to remain. DISASTERS 2017; 41:587-605. [PMID: 27655013 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The proactive displacement by public authorities of populations from areas perceived to be exposed to a high risk of disaster presents complex human rights challenges. Provided that no ulterior motive is at play, the use of compulsory evacuations and relocations as policy responses to such risk is mandated by the duty to protect the right to life. However, proactive displacement in the interest of saving lives can be problematic as such measures can lead to the limitation of other human rights, resulting in an intricate assessment of whether compulsory evacuation or permanent relocation is proportional in any given circumstance. Such an analysis demands critical attention by public authorities to the perception of the disaster risk in question and problematises claims to objectivity of official risk assessments. Furthermore, it poses the question as to whether measures designed to address the disaster risk in question that are less intrusive than relocation may be available to public authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan McDermott
- Post-Doctoral Researcher, Centre for Humanitarian Action, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Pat Gibbons
- Lecturer and Director, Centre for Humanitarian Action, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland
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Munro A, Kovats RS, Rubin GJ, Waite TD, Bone A, Armstrong B. Effect of evacuation and displacement on the association between flooding and mental health outcomes: a cross-sectional analysis of UK survey data. Lancet Planet Health 2017; 1:e134-e141. [PMID: 28944321 PMCID: PMC5597543 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(17)30047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive flooding occurred during the winter of 2013-14 in England. Previous studies have shown that flooding affects mental health. Using data from the 2013-14 Public Health England National Study of Flooding and Health, we compared the prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder between participants displaced by flooding and those flooded, but not displaced, 1 year after flooding. METHODS In this multivariable ordinal regression analysis, we collected data from a cross-sectional survey collected 1 year after the flooding event from flood-affected postcodes in five counties in England. The analysis was restricted to individuals whose homes were flooded (n=622) to analyse displacement due to flooding. The primary outcome measures were depression (measured by the PHQ-2 depression scale) and anxiety (measured by the two-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder [GAD]-2 anxiety scale), and post-traumatic stress disorder (measured by the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist [PCL]-6 scale). We adjusted analyses for recorded potential confounders. We also analysed duration of displacement and amount of warning received. FINDINGS People who were displaced from their homes were significantly more likely to have higher scores on each scale; odds ratio (OR) for depression 1·95 (95% CI 1·30-2·93), for anxiety 1·66 (1·12-2·46), and for post-traumatic stress disorder 1·70 (1·17-2·48) than people who were not displaced. The increased risk of depression was significant even after adjustment for severity of flooding. Scores for depression and post-traumatic stress disorder were higher in people who were displaced and reported receiving no warning than those who had received a warning more than 12 h in advance of flooding (p=0·04 for depression, p=0·01 for post-traumatic stress disorder), although the difference in anxiety scores was not significant. INTERPRETATION Displacement after flooding was associated with higher reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder 1 year after flooding. The amount of warning received showed evidence of being protective against symptoms of the three mental illnesses studied, and the severity of flooding might be the reason for some, but not all, of the differences between the groups. FUNDING National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Units (HPRU) in Emergency Preparedness and Response at King's College London, Environmental Change and Health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and Evaluation of Interventions at the University of Bristol, Public Health England.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Munro
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Change and Health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Correspondence to: Alice Munro, c/o Ben Armstrong, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Change and Health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UKCorrespondence to: Alice Munroc/o Ben ArmstrongNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Change and Health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonWC1H 9SHUK
| | - R Sari Kovats
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Change and Health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - G James Rubin
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response at King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas David Waite
- Field Epidemiology Training Programme, Public Health England, Bristol, UK
| | - Angie Bone
- Centre for Radiation, Chemicals and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, UK
| | - Ben Armstrong
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Change and Health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Correspondence to: Alice Munro, c/o Ben Armstrong, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Change and Health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UKCorrespondence to: Alice Munroc/o Ben ArmstrongNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Change and Health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonWC1H 9SHUK
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How Evacuees Obtained Health Care Information After the Great East Japan Earthquake: A Qualitative Interview Study. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2017; 11:729-734. [PMID: 28659215 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2017.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore how evacuees obtained health care information at their evacuation destinations after the Great East Japan Earthquake. METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews of 11 evacuees who moved to City A in Kyoto Prefecture following the Great East Japan Earthquake. The interviews explored how the evacuees obtained health care information, including the main factors of influence. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed to identify trends by using the constant comparative method. RESULTS Four categories emerged from 6 concepts. Mother-children evacuees and family evacuees tended to obtain health care information in different ways. Family evacuees had moved as a family unit and had obtained their health care information from local neighbors. Mother-children evacuees were mothers who had moved with their children, leaving behind other family members. These evacuees tended to obtain information from other mother-children evacuees. At the time of evacuation, we found 2 factors, emotions and systems, influencing how mother-children evacuees obtained health care information. CONCLUSIONS We found 2 different ways of obtaining health care information among mother-children evacuees and other evacuees. At the time of evacuation, 2 factors, emotions and systems, influenced how mother-children evacuees obtained health care information. Community-building support should be a priority from an early stage after a disaster for health care management. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:729-734).
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Cartwright C, Hall M, Lee ACK. The changing health priorities of earthquake response and implications for preparedness: a scoping review. Public Health 2017. [PMID: 28645042 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Earthquakes have substantial impacts on mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The academic evidence base to support Disaster Risk Reduction activities in LMIC settings is, however, limited. We sought to address this gap by identifying the health and healthcare impacts of earthquakes in LMICs and to identify the implications of these findings for future earthquake preparedness. STUDY DESIGN Scoping review. METHODS A scoping review was undertaken with systematic searches of indexed databases to identify relevant literature. Key study details, findings, recommendations or lessons learnt were extracted and analysed across individual earthquake events. Findings were categorised by time frame relative to earthquakes and linked to the disaster preparedness cycle, enabling a profile of health and healthcare impacts and implications for future preparedness to be established. RESULTS Health services need to prepare for changing health priorities with a shift from initial treatment of earthquake-related injuries to more general health needs occurring within the first few weeks. Preparedness is required to address mental health and rehabilitation needs in the medium to longer term. Inequalities of the impact of earthquakes on health were noted in particular for women, children, the elderly, disabled and rural communities. The need to maintain access to essential services such as reproductive health and preventative health services were identified. Key preparedness actions include identification of appropriate leaders, planning and training of staff. Testing of plans was advocated within the literature with evidence that this is possible in LMIC settings. CONCLUSIONS Whilst there are a range of health and healthcare impacts of earthquakes, common themes emerged in different settings and from different earthquake events. Preparedness of healthcare systems is essential and possible, in order to mitigate the adverse health impacts of earthquakes in LMIC settings. Preparedness is needed at the community, organisational and system levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cartwright
- The University of Sheffield, School of Health and Related Research, Regents Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 4DA, United Kingdom.
| | - M Hall
- The University of Sheffield, School of Health and Related Research, Regents Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 4DA, United Kingdom.
| | - A C K Lee
- The University of Sheffield, School of Health and Related Research, Regents Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 4DA, United Kingdom.
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Horikoshi N, Iwasa H, Kawakami N, Suzuki Y, Yasumura S. Residence-related factors and psychological distress among evacuees after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:420. [PMID: 27881162 PMCID: PMC5121974 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relocation following a disaster can impact the psychological well-being of evacuees. This study investigated the associations between residence-related factors and psychological distress among evacuees living in temporary housing after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. METHODS Data from 525 participants living in temporary housing were collected. Associations between residence-related factors (frequent relocation, dissatisfaction with the residence, and plan to move to permanent housing) and psychological distress were measured. The psychological distress of evacuees was measured using the Japanese version of the 6-item Kessler scale (K6). We used a cut-off score of five to identify cases with psychological distress, the basis of Kessler's 6 items for psychological distress. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression analysis (n = 418) showed that frequent relocation (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.14-3.66, p = 0.016) and dissatisfaction with the residence (OR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.60-3.83, p < 0.001) was significantly associated with psychological distress. After stratifying by gender, dissatisfaction with the residence was associated with psychological distress, and a plan to move to permanent housing was significantly associated with psychological distress in women (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.03-3.63, p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS Frequent relocation and dissatisfaction with the residence were associated with psychological distress among evacuees following the Fukushima nuclear disaster. Evacuees should be provided with comfortable living spaces, and steps should be taken to reduce repeated relocation of evacuees. Thus, particular attention should be paid to women with a plan to move to permanent housing within this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Horikoshi
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Hajime Iwasa
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295 Japan ,Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015 Japan
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654 Japan
| | - Yuriko Suzuki
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553 Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295 Japan
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Ito K, Tomata Y, Kogure M, Sugawara Y, Watanabe T, Asaka T, Tsuji I. Housing type after the Great East Japan Earthquake and loss of motor function in elderly victims: a prospective observational study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e012760. [PMID: 27810976 PMCID: PMC5129132 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have reported that elderly victims of natural disasters might be prone to a subsequent decline in motor function. Victims of the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) relocated to a wide range of different types of housing. As the evacuee lifestyle varies according to the type of housing available to them, their degree of motor function loss might also vary accordingly. However, the association between postdisaster housing type and loss of motor function has never been investigated. The present study was conducted to investigate the association between housing type after the GEJE and loss of motor function in elderly victims. METHODS We conducted a prospective observational study of 478 Japanese individuals aged ≥65 years living in Miyagi Prefecture, one of the areas most significantly affected by the GEJE. Information on housing type after the GEJE, motor function as assessed by the Kihon checklist and other lifestyle factors was collected by interview and questionnaire in 2012. Information on motor function was then collected 1 year later. The multiple logistic regression model was used to estimate the multivariate adjusted ORs of motor function loss. RESULTS We classified 53 (11.1%) of the respondents as having loss of motor function. The multivariate adjusted OR (with 95% CI) for loss of motor function among participants who were living in privately rented temporary housing/rental housing was 2.62 (1.10 to 6.24) compared to those who had remained in the same housing as that before the GEJE, and this increase was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of individuals with loss of motor function was higher among persons who had relocated to privately rented temporary housing/rental housing after the GEJE. This result may reflect the influence of a move to a living environment where few acquaintances are located (lack of social capital).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Ito
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasutake Tomata
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mana Kogure
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yumi Sugawara
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Asaka
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Abstract
The literature on children's responses to disasters is well developed with increasing attention to the confounding experiences of displacement. This paper presents an overview of the emotional and behavioral effects of displacement on children and adolescents and describes their educational adjustment in terms of both academic achievement and school behavior. A summary of family effects elucidates how children's functioning is influenced through the family system in which they are embedded. The psychosocial impact of displacement reflects the myriad social losses that children and their families may face. Information from this review of the current literature on the effects of displacement may inform the design and delivery of support and intervention services for children and families following disasters.
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Oe M, Fujii S, Maeda M, Nagai M, Harigane M, Miura I, Yabe H, Ohira T, Takahashi H, Suzuki Y, Yasumura S, Abe M. Three-year trend survey of psychological distress, post-traumatic stress, and problem drinking among residents in the evacuation zone after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident [The Fukushima Health Management Survey]. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 70:245-52. [PMID: 26969341 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Prolonged periods of instability in terms of living environment can lead to a serious increase in mental health issues among disaster-affected individuals. The aim of this study was to assess long-term trends in mental health among adult residents in a nuclear-disaster-affected area. METHODS Mail-based, self-administered questionnaire surveys were conducted three times (T1-T3), targeting all residents registered with the municipalities in the evacuation zone in Fukushima prefecture at the time of the disaster. Age-adjusted prevalences of the following were analyzed by sex: risk of psychological distress by the Kessler 6-item Scale, post-traumatic stress by the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, and problem drinking by CAGE. RESULTS The numbers of respondents and response rates were: 73 568, 40.7% (T1); 55 076, 29.9% (T2); and 46 386, 25.0% (T3). Compared with normal Japanese levels in non-disaster settings (4.7%), the prevalence of general psychological distress by Kessler 6-item Scale ≥ 13 was still high 3 years after the event in both men (11.4%) and women (15.8%). Although the age-adjusted prevalence of psychological distress and post-traumatic stress (Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist ≥ 44) had decreased over time (from 19.0% [T1] to 17.8% [T3] for men, and from 25.3% [T1] to 23.3% [T3] for women), the age-adjusted prevalence of problem drinking (CAGE ≥ 2) remained steady in both men (20.7% [T2] and 20.4% [T3]; P = 0.18) and women (10.5% [T2] and 10.5% [T3]; P = 0.91). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that long-term interventions focused on post-traumatic stress as well as other mental health problems are strongly needed for disaster-affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misari Oe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Senta Fujii
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Disaster Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masaharu Maeda
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Disaster Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masato Nagai
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mayumi Harigane
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Itaru Miura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hideto Takahashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuriko Suzuki
- Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masafumi Abe
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima, Japan
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The effects of relocation and level of affectedness on mood and anxiety symptom treatments after the 2011 Christchurch earthquake. Soc Sci Med 2016; 152:18-26. [PMID: 26826805 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this longitudinal study, we compare the effects of different types of relocation and level of affectedness on the incidence and relapse of mood and anxiety symptom treatments identified by publicly funded care or treatment one year before and one and two years after the '2011 Christchurch earthquake' in New Zealand. Based on a subset of Christchurch residents from differently affected areas of the city identified by area-wide geotechnical land assessments (no to severe land damage) 'stayers', 'within-city movers', 'out-of-city movers' and 'returners' were identified to assess the interaction effect of different levels of affectedness and relocation on the incidence and relapse of mood and anxiety symptom treatments over time. Health and sample information were drawn from the New Zealand Ministry of Health's administrative databases allowing us to do a comparison of the pre-/post-disaster treatment status and follow-up on a large study sample. Moving within the city and returning have been identified as general risk factors for receiving care or treatment for mood or anxiety symptoms. In the context of the 2011 Christchurch earthquake, moving within the city showed a protective effect over time, whereas returning was a significant risk factor in the first post-disaster year. Additionally, out-of-city movers from minor, moderately or severely damaged Christchurch's plain areas were identified as especially vulnerable two years post-disaster. Generally, no dose-response relationship between level of affectedness and mood or anxiety symptom treatments was identified, but the finding that similarly affected groups from the city's plain areas and the more affluent Port Hills showed different temporal treatment trends highlights the importance of including socio-economic status in exposure assessment. High-risk groups included females, older adults and those with a pre-existing mental illness. Consequently, mental health intervention programs should target these vulnerable groups, as well as out-of-city movers from affected areas in the long run.
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Matsuyama Y, Aida J, Hase A, Sato Y, Koyama S, Tsuboya T, Osaka K. Do community- and individual-level social relationships contribute to the mental health of disaster survivors?: A multilevel prospective study after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Soc Sci Med 2016; 151:187-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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The Waterless Portable Private Toilet: An Innovative Sanitation Solution in Disaster Zones. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2016; 10:281-5. [PMID: 26781752 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2015.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Catastrophes can occur without warning and inevitably cause short-term and long-term problems. In disaster zones, having an action plan to alleviate difficulties can reduce or prevent many long-lasting complications. One of the most critical and urgent issues is sanitation. Water, energy, personnel, transportation, and the allocation of resources in disaster areas tend to become very limited during emergencies. Sanitation systems suffer in the process, potentially leading to crises due to unsafe and unhygienic surroundings. This article explores the problems of current sanitation practices in disaster areas and identifies the essential characteristics of sustainable sanitation systems. This study also presents a plan for an innovative and sustainable sanitation system using a waterless, portable, private toilet, in addition to a procedure for collecting and disposing waste. The system is agronomic, is socially acceptable, prevents contact with human waste, and can be used for individuals or families. Environmental pollution and social problems (such as sexual harassment) can be reduced both during and after restoration.
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Long-term impact of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami on functional disability among older people: A 3-year longitudinal comparison of disability prevalence among Japanese municipalities. Soc Sci Med 2015; 147:296-9. [PMID: 26613535 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been unclear whether the prevalence of disability is higher in an area affected by natural disaster than in other areas even if more than one year has passed since the disaster. The aim of this ecological study was to examine whether the rate of increase in disability prevalence among the older population was higher in disaster-stricken areas during the 3 years after the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) and tsunami. This analysis used public Long-term Care Insurance (LTCI) data covering 1570 municipalities. "Disaster areas" were considered to be the three prefectures most affected by the earthquake and tsunami: Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima. The outcome measure was the number of aged people (≥65 years) with LTCI disability certification. Rates of change in disability prevalence from January 2011 to January 2014 were used as the primary outcome variable, and compared by analysis of covariance between "coastal disaster areas", "inland disaster areas" and "non-disaster areas". The mean rate of increase in disability prevalence in coastal (14.7%) and inland (10.0%) disaster areas was higher than in non-disaster areas (6.2%) (P < 0.001). During the 3 years after the earthquake, the increase of disability prevalence from before the GEJE continued to be higher in the disaster-stricken areas.
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Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change will have significant impacts on both human migration and population health, including infectious disease. It will amplify and alter migration pathways, and will contribute to the changing ecology and transmission dynamics of infectious disease. However there has been limited consideration of the intersections between migration and health in the context of a changing climate. This article argues that climate-change related migration - in conjunction with other drivers of migration - will contribute to changing profiles of infectious disease. It considers infectious disease risks for different climate-related migration pathways, including: forced displacement, slow-onset migration particularly to urban-poor areas, planned resettlement, and labor migration associated with climate change adaptation initiatives. Migration can reduce vulnerability to climate change, but it is critical to better understand and respond to health impacts - including infectious diseases - for migrant populations and host communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia McMichael
- a School of Humanities & Social Sciences; La Trobe University ; Melbourne , Australia
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