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Simona K, Veronika M, Zahinoor I, Martin V. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in spinocerebellar ataxias and Friedreich ataxia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 150:105205. [PMID: 37137435 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Apart from its role in motor coordination, the importance of the cerebellum in cognitive and affective processes has been recognized in the past few decades. Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) and Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) are rare neurodegenerative diseases of the cerebellum presenting mainly with a progressive loss of gait and limb coordination, dysarthria, and other motor disturbances, but also a range of cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge on neuropsychiatric impairment in SCA and FRDA. We discuss the prevalence, clinical features and treatment approaches in the most commonly reported domains of depression, anxiety, apathy, agitation and impulse dyscontrol, and psychosis. Since these symptoms have a considerable impact on patients' quality of life, we argue that further research is mandated to improve the detection and treatment options of neuropsychiatric co-morbidities in ataxia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karamazovova Simona
- Center of Hereditary Ataxias, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matuskova Veronika
- Center of Hereditary Ataxias, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ismail Zahinoor
- Departments of Psychiatry, Clinical Neurosciences, and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine; Hotchkiss Brain Institute and O'Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vyhnalek Martin
- Center of Hereditary Ataxias, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Zou J, Wang F, Gong Z, Wang R, Chen S, Zhang H, Sun R, Gao C, Li W, Shang J, Zhang J. A Chinese SCA36 pedigree analysis of NOP56 expansion region based on long-read sequencing. Front Genet 2023; 14:1110307. [PMID: 37051597 PMCID: PMC10083286 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1110307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Spinocerebellar ataxias 36 (SCA36) is the neurodegenerative disease caused by the GGCCTG Hexanucleotide repeat expansions in NOP56, which is too long to sequence using short-read sequencing. Single molecule real time (SMRT) sequencing can sequence across disease-causing repeat expansion. We report the first long-read sequencing data across the expansion region in SCA36.Methods: We collected and described the clinical manifestations and imaging features of Han Chinese pedigree with three generations of SCA36. Also, we focused on structural variation analysis for intron 1 of the NOP56 gene by SMRT sequencing in the assembled genome.Results: The main clinical features of this pedigree are late-onset ataxia symptoms, with a presymptomatic presence of affective and sleep disorders. In addition, the results of SMRT sequencing showed the specific repeat expansion region and demonstrated that the region was not composed of single GGCCTG hexanucleotides and there were random interruptions.Discussion: We extended the phenotypic spectrum of SCA36. We applied SMRT sequencing to reveal the correlation between genotype and phenotype of SCA36. Our findings indicated that long-read sequencing is well suited to characterize known repeat expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Zou
- Department of Neurology, Henan University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fengyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenping Gong
- Department of Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Runrun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henan University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haohan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruihua Sun
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chenhao Gao
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junkui Shang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henan University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Jiewen Zhang,
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RNA G-quadruplex in live cells lighted-up by a thiazole orange analogue for SCA36 identification. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:724-731. [PMID: 36572080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SCA36 is a neurodegenerative disease mainly caused by the abnormal expansion of the GGGCCT repeat sequence in intron 1 of NOP56. The RNA sequences of this gene are expected to form large amounts of G-quadruplexes in the cytoplasm, which may be a potential intervention and detection target for SCA36. Here, we have developed a small-molecular compound named TCB-1, which shows good selectivity to the G-quadruplex structure, and its fluorescence can be enhanced by hundreds of folds. Interestingly, TCB-1 can avoid lysosome capture, evenly disperse in the cytoplasm, and selectively light up the cytoplasmic RNA G-quadruplexes. This property allows TCB-1 to sensitively detect the increased formation of cytoplasmic RNA G-quadruplexes in SCA36 model cells. This work not only provides new ideas for the design of small-molecule compounds targeting RNA G-quadruplexes in living cells, but also intuitively demonstrates the increased formation of RNA G-quadruplexes caused by NOP56 gene mutation, providing a possible tool for the detection of SCA36.
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Wang Q, Zhang C, Liu S, Liu T, Ni R, Liu X, Zhong P, Wu Q, Xu T, Ke H, Tian W, Cao L. Long-read sequencing identified intronic (GGCCTG)n expansion in NOP56 in one SCA36 family and literature review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2022; 223:107503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Degenerative dementias: a question of syndrome or disease? NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2022; 37:480-491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Robles Bayón A. Degenerative dementias: A question of syndrome or disease? Neurologia 2022; 37:480-491. [PMID: 31331676 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurologists refer to numerous "syndromes,‿ consisting of specific combinations of clinical manifestations, following a specific progression pattern, and with the support of blood analysis (without genomic-proteomic parameters) and neuroimaging findings (MRI, CT, perfusion SPECT, or 18F-FDG-PET scans). Neurodegenerative "diseases,‿ on the other hand, are defined by specific combinations of clinical signs and histopathological findings; these must be confirmed by a clinical examination and a histology study or evidence of markers of a specific disorder for the diagnosis to be made. However, we currently know that most genetic and histopathological alterations can result in diverse syndromes. The genetic or histopathological aetiology of each syndrome is also heterogeneous, and we may encounter situations with pathophysiological alterations characterising more than one neurodegenerative disease. Sometimes, specific biomarkers are detected in the preclinical stage. DEVELOPMENT We performed a literature review to identify patients whose histopathological or genetic disorder was discordant with that expected for the clinical syndrome observed, as well as patients presenting multiple neurodegenerative diseases, confirming the heterogeneity and overlap between syndromes and diseases. We also observed that the treatments currently prescribed to patients with neurodegenerative diseases are symptomatic. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that the search for disease biomarkers should be restricted to research centres, given the lack of disease-modifying drugs or treatments improving survival. Moreover, syndromes and specific molecular or histopathological alterations should be managed independently of one another, and new "diseases‿ should be defined and adapted to current knowledge and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Robles Bayón
- Unidad de Neurología Cognitiva, Hospital HM Rosaleda, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, España.
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Lopez S, He F. Spinocerebellar Ataxia 36: From Mutations Toward Therapies. Front Genet 2022; 13:837690. [PMID: 35309140 PMCID: PMC8931325 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.837690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia 36 (SCA36) is a type of repeat expansion-related neurodegenerative disorder identified a decade ago. Like other SCAs, the symptoms of SCA36 include the loss of coordination like gait ataxia and eye movement problems, but motor neuron-related symptoms like muscular atrophy are also present in those patients. The disease is caused by a GGCCTG hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the gene Nop56, and the demographic incidence map showed that this disease was more common among the ethnic groups of Japanese and Spanish descendants. Although the exact mechanisms are still under investigation, the present evidence supports that the expanded repeats may undergo repeat expansion-related non-AUG-initiated translation, and these dipeptide repeat products could be one of the important ways to lead to pathogenesis. Such studies may help develop potential treatments for this disease.
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Identification of the Largest SCA36 Pedigree in Asia: with Multimodel Neuroimaging Evaluation for the First Time. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 21:358-367. [PMID: 34264505 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a large group of hereditary neurodegenerative diseases characterized by ataxia and dysarthria. Due to high clinical and genetic heterogeneity, many SCA families are undiagnosed. Herein, using linkage analysis, WES, and RP-PCR, we identified the largest SCA36 pedigree in Asia. This pedigree showed some distinct clinical characteristics. Cognitive impairment and gaze palsy are common and severe in SCA36 patients, especially long-course patients. Although no patients complained of hearing loss, most of them presented with hearing impairment in objective auxiliary examination. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) demonstrated a reduction of volumes in cerebellum, brainstem, and thalamus (corrected P < 0.05). Reduced volumes in cerebellum were also found in presymptomatic carriers. Resting-state functional MRI (R-fMRI) found reduced ReHo values in left cerebellar posterior lobule (corrected P < 0.05). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) demonstrated a reduction of FA values in cerebellum, midbrain, superior and inferior cerebellar peduncle (corrected P < 0.05). MRS found reduced NAA/Cr values in cerebellar vermis and hemisphere (corrected P < 0.05). Our findings could provide new insights into management of SCA36 patients. Detailed auxiliary examination are recommended to assess hearing or peripheral nerve impairment, and we should pay more attention to eye movement and cognitive changes in patients. Furthermore, for the first time, our multimodel neuroimaging evaluation generate a full perspective of brain function and structure in SCA36 patients.
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Abstract
SCA36 is an autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) affecting many families from Costa da Morte, a northwestern region of Spain. It is caused by an intronic GGCCTG repeat expansion in NOP56. In order to characterize the cognitive and affective manifestations of this cerebellar disease, a group of 30 SCA36 mutation carriers (11 preataxic and 19 ataxic patients) were assessed with a comprehensive battery of standardized tests. Phonological verbal fluency - but not semantic fluency - was already mildly impaired in preataxic subjects. In ataxic patients, both phonological and semantic fluencies were significantly below normal. Depression, while more frequent and prominent in ataxic patients, was also often present in the preataxic stage. This is the first systematic study supporting the presence of a mild cerebellar cognitive and affective syndrome in SCA36. Routine evaluation of cognitive and emotional spheres in SCA36 patients as well as asymptomatic mutation carriers should allow early detection and timely therapeutic intervention.
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Xue H, Hou P, Li Y, Mao X, Wu L, Liu Y. Factors for predicting reversion from mild cognitive impairment to normal cognition: A meta-analysis. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 34:1361-1368. [PMID: 31179580 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may revert to normal cognition (NC), but predictive factors are under study. We therefore sought to identify factors which could help in predicting reversion from MCI to NC. METHODS Relevant studies were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EBSCO, and OVID. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, high-quality assessments of relevant literatures were conducted, followed by data extraction and meta-analysis with Stata 12.0 software. RESULTS A total of 17 studies with 6829 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The overall reversion rate is 27.57%. Positive predictive factors were found in younger age (SMD = -0.345, 95% CI, -0.501 to -0.189), higher education level (SMD = 0.337, 95% CI, 0.117-0.558), no APOE ε4 allele (OR = 0.728, 95% CI, 0.575-0.922), no hypertension (OR = 0.826, 95% CI, 0.692-0.987), no stroke (OR = 0.696, 95% CI, 0.507-0.953), and higher Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score (SMD = 0.707, 95% CI, 0.461-0.953). CONCLUSION Individuals who are at young age, have higher education level and MMSE score, and have no APOEe4 allele, no hypertension, and no stroke had a high probability to revert from MCI to NC.
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Affiliation(s)
- HuiPing Xue
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping Hou
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - YongNan Li
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin'e Mao
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - LinFeng Wu
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - YongBing Liu
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Abe K. [An early history of Japanese amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-related diseases and the current development]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2018; 58:141-165. [PMID: 29491329 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The present review focuses an early history of Japanese amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-related diseases and the current development. In relation to foreign previous reports, five topics are introduced and discussed on ALS with dementia, ALS/Parkinsonism dementia complex (ALS/PDC), familial ALS (FALS), spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), and multisystem involvement especially in cerebellar system of ALS including ALS/SCA (spinocerebellar ataxia) crossroad mutation Asidan. This review found the great contribution of Japanese reports on the above five topics, and confirmed the great development of ALS-related diseases over the past 120 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Abe
- Department of Neurology, Okayama University Medical School
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12
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13
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Arias M, García-Murias M, Sobrido M. Spinocerebellar ataxia 36 (SCA36): “Costa da Morte ataxia”. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Abe K. An early history of Japanese amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and the current significance. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2017; 57:153-162. [PMID: 28367949 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The present review focuses an early history of Japanese amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and the current significance in comparison to previously known and newly found reports on Japanese ALS. After a preliminary case report of ALS by Masamichi Hirai on 1890, 2 completed reports were simultaneously published within 2 weeks of 1891 by Momojiro Nakamura and Zenjiro Inoue, followed by Eikichi Watanabe's report on 1892. After Shonosuke Hasegawa's and Hiroshi Kawahara's case reports on 1894-1896, Aihiko Sata first reported an autopsy case of ALS on 1897. The great contribution of Kinnosuke Miura was also introduced for the naming and pathogenesis in the early stage of ALS history in Japan during 1893-1911.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Abe
- Department of Neurology, Okayama University Medical School
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15
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Potential multisystem degeneration in Asidan patients. J Neurol Sci 2017; 373:216-222. [PMID: 28131191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a potential multisystem involvement of neurodegeneration in Asidan, in addition to cerebellar ataxia and signs of motor neuron disease. METHODS We compared the new Asidan patients and those identified in previous studies with Parkinson's disease (PD, n=21), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP, n=13) patients using 123I-2β-Carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl) nortropane (123I-FP-CIT) dopamine transporter single photon emission computed tomography (DAT-SPECT) and 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy (Asidan, DAT: n=10; MIBG: n=15). RESULTS Both the PD and PSP groups served as positive controls for DAT decline. The PD and PSP groups served as a positive and negative control, respectively, of MIBG decline in the early phase H/M ratio. Of the Asidan patients, 60.0% showed DAT decline without evident parkinsonian features and 6.7% showed impaired MIBG in only the delayed phase H/M ratio. Combined with a normal range of the early phase H/M ratio, this phenotype was newly named Declined DAT Without Evident Parkinsonism (DWEP). INTERPRETATION The results of present study including DWEP suggest a wider spectrum of neurodegeneration for extrapyramidal and autonomic systems in Asidan patients than expected, involving cerebellar, motor system and cognitive functioning.
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Aguiar P, Pardo J, Arias M, Quintáns B, Fernández-Prieto M, Martínez-Regueiro R, Pumar JM, Silva-Rodríguez J, Ruibal Á, Sobrido MJ, Cortés J. PET and MRI detection of early and progressive neurodegeneration in spinocerebellar ataxia type 36. Mov Disord 2016; 32:264-273. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Aguiar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Group; University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), IDIS Health Research Institute; Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Radiology and Public Health; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC); Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Julio Pardo
- Department of Psychiatry, Radiology and Public Health; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC); Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS); Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Neurogenetics research group; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Santiago (IDIS); Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Manuel Arias
- Department of Psychiatry, Radiology and Public Health; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC); Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS); Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Neurogenetics research group; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Santiago (IDIS); Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Beatriz Quintáns
- Neurogenetics research group; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Santiago (IDIS); Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Genomic Medicine Group (U711), Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Institute of Health Carlos III; Madrid Spain
| | - Montse Fernández-Prieto
- Neurogenetics research group; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Santiago (IDIS); Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Genomic Medicine Group (U711), Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Institute of Health Carlos III; Madrid Spain
| | - Rocío Martínez-Regueiro
- Neurogenetics research group; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Santiago (IDIS); Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC); Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - José-Manuel Pumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Radiology and Public Health; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC); Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Department of Radiology; University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS); Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Jesús Silva-Rodríguez
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Group; University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), IDIS Health Research Institute; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Álvaro Ruibal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Group; University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), IDIS Health Research Institute; Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Radiology and Public Health; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC); Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - María-Jesús Sobrido
- Neurogenetics research group; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Santiago (IDIS); Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Genomic Medicine Group (U711), Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Institute of Health Carlos III; Madrid Spain
| | - Julia Cortés
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Group; University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), IDIS Health Research Institute; Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Radiology and Public Health; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC); Santiago de Compostela Spain
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Sun YM, Lu C, Wu ZY. Spinocerebellar ataxia: relationship between phenotype and genotype - a review. Clin Genet 2016; 90:305-14. [PMID: 27220866 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) comprises a large group of heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. It is characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia with oculomotor dysfunction, dysarthria, pyramidal signs, extrapyramidal signs, pigmentary retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, cognitive impairment and other symptoms. It is classified according to the clinical manifestations or genetic nosology. To date, 40 SCAs have been characterized, and include SCA1-40. The pathogenic genes of 28 SCAs were identified. In recent years, with the widespread clinical use of next-generation sequencing, the genes underlying SCAs, and the mutants as well as the affected phenotypes were identified. These advances elucidated the phenotype-genotype relationship in SCAs. We reviewed the recent clinical advances, genetic features and phenotype-genotype correlations involving each SCA and its differentiation. The heterogeneity of the disease and the genetic diagnosis might be attributed to the regional distribution and clinical characteristics. Therefore, recognition of the phenotype-genotype relationship facilitates genetic testing, prognosis and monitoring of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-M Sun
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - C Lu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Z-Y Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Joint Institute for Genetics and Genome Medicine between Zhejiang University and University of Toronto, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Lee YC, Tsai PC, Guo YC, Hsiao CT, Liu GT, Liao YC, Soong BW. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 36 in the Han Chinese. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2016; 2:e68. [PMID: 27123487 PMCID: PMC4830187 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To ascertain the genetic and clinical characteristics of the GGCCTG hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the nucleolar protein 56 gene (NOP56) in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), sporadic ataxia, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in Taiwan. Methods: We conducted clinical and molecular genetic studies of 109 probands with molecularly unassigned SCA from 512 SCA pedigrees, 323 healthy controls, 502 patients with sporadic ataxia syndromes, and 144 patients with ALS. Repeat-primed PCR assays and PCR-fragment analysis for the number of short hexanucleotide repeats (<40 units) were performed to ascertain NOP56 hexanucleotide repeat expansion. Genotyping included 8 microsatellite markers and 17 single nucleotide polymorphisms flanking NOP56 and covering a region of 1.8 Mb to assess a possible founder effect. Results: Eleven individuals from 3 SCA pedigrees have the NOP56 repeat expansions. The 3 pedigrees share a common haplotype spanning 5.3 kb flanking the NOP56 repeat expansions, suggesting a founder effect of spinocerebellar ataxia type 36 (SCA36) in the Han Chinese. The average age at symptom onset was 44.8 ± 3.8 years with truncal ataxia as the initial manifestation. Common features included slowly progressive truncal/limb ataxia, dysarthria, generalized hyperreflexia, and hearing impairment. Evidence of lower motor neuron involvement, including atrophy and fasciculation in the limb muscles and tongue, was mostly found in patients with prolonged disease duration. NOP56 repeat expansion was not detected in controls or patients with sporadic ataxic syndromes or ALS. Conclusions: SCA36 is an uncommon subtype, which accounted for 0.6% (3/512) of SCA cases in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chung Lee
- Department of Neurology (Y.-C. Lee, C.-T.H., G.-T.L., Y.-C. Liao, B.-W.S.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; Department of Neurology (Y.-C. Lee, P.-C.T., Y.-C. Liao, B.-W.S.), Institute of Clinical Medicine (Y.-C.G.), and Brain Research Center (Y.-C. Lee, P.-C.T., B.-W.S.), National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology (Y.-C.G.), and School of Medicine (Y.-C.G.), College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Neurology (Y.-C. Lee, C.-T.H., G.-T.L., Y.-C. Liao, B.-W.S.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; Department of Neurology (Y.-C. Lee, P.-C.T., Y.-C. Liao, B.-W.S.), Institute of Clinical Medicine (Y.-C.G.), and Brain Research Center (Y.-C. Lee, P.-C.T., B.-W.S.), National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology (Y.-C.G.), and School of Medicine (Y.-C.G.), College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Cherng Guo
- Department of Neurology (Y.-C. Lee, C.-T.H., G.-T.L., Y.-C. Liao, B.-W.S.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; Department of Neurology (Y.-C. Lee, P.-C.T., Y.-C. Liao, B.-W.S.), Institute of Clinical Medicine (Y.-C.G.), and Brain Research Center (Y.-C. Lee, P.-C.T., B.-W.S.), National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology (Y.-C.G.), and School of Medicine (Y.-C.G.), College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tsung Hsiao
- Department of Neurology (Y.-C. Lee, C.-T.H., G.-T.L., Y.-C. Liao, B.-W.S.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; Department of Neurology (Y.-C. Lee, P.-C.T., Y.-C. Liao, B.-W.S.), Institute of Clinical Medicine (Y.-C.G.), and Brain Research Center (Y.-C. Lee, P.-C.T., B.-W.S.), National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology (Y.-C.G.), and School of Medicine (Y.-C.G.), College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ting Liu
- Department of Neurology (Y.-C. Lee, C.-T.H., G.-T.L., Y.-C. Liao, B.-W.S.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; Department of Neurology (Y.-C. Lee, P.-C.T., Y.-C. Liao, B.-W.S.), Institute of Clinical Medicine (Y.-C.G.), and Brain Research Center (Y.-C. Lee, P.-C.T., B.-W.S.), National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology (Y.-C.G.), and School of Medicine (Y.-C.G.), College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Department of Neurology (Y.-C. Lee, C.-T.H., G.-T.L., Y.-C. Liao, B.-W.S.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; Department of Neurology (Y.-C. Lee, P.-C.T., Y.-C. Liao, B.-W.S.), Institute of Clinical Medicine (Y.-C.G.), and Brain Research Center (Y.-C. Lee, P.-C.T., B.-W.S.), National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology (Y.-C.G.), and School of Medicine (Y.-C.G.), College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Wen Soong
- Department of Neurology (Y.-C. Lee, C.-T.H., G.-T.L., Y.-C. Liao, B.-W.S.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; Department of Neurology (Y.-C. Lee, P.-C.T., Y.-C. Liao, B.-W.S.), Institute of Clinical Medicine (Y.-C.G.), and Brain Research Center (Y.-C. Lee, P.-C.T., B.-W.S.), National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology (Y.-C.G.), and School of Medicine (Y.-C.G.), College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Zeng S, Zeng J, He M, Zeng X, Zhou Y, Liu Z, Xia K, Pan Q, Jiang H, Shen L, Yan X, Tang B, Wang J. Genetic and clinical analysis of spinocerebellar ataxia type 36 in Mainland China. Clin Genet 2016; 90:141-8. [PMID: 26661328 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan P.R. China
| | - J. Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan P.R. China
| | - M. He
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan P.R. China
| | - X. Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan P.R. China
| | - Y. Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan P.R. China
| | - Z. Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan P.R. China
| | - K. Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics; Changsha Hunan P.R. China
| | - Q. Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics; Changsha Hunan P.R. China
| | - H. Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics; Changsha Hunan P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders; Changsha Hunan P.R. China
| | - L. Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics; Changsha Hunan P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders; Changsha Hunan P.R. China
| | - X. Yan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan P.R. China
| | - B. Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics; Changsha Hunan P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders; Changsha Hunan P.R. China
| | - J. Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics; Changsha Hunan P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders; Changsha Hunan P.R. China
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Loureiro JR, Oliveira CL, Silveira I. Unstable repeat expansions in neurodegenerative diseases: nucleocytoplasmic transport emerges on the scene. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 39:174-83. [PMID: 26923414 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An astonishing number of neurological diseases result from expansion of unstable repetitive sequences causing alterations in key neuronal processes. Some are progressive late-onset conditions related to aging, such as the spinocerebellar ataxias. In several of these pathologies, the expanded repeat is transcribed, producing an expanded RNA repeat that causes neurodegeneration by a complex mechanism, comprising 3 main pathways. These include (1) accumulation in the nucleus of RNA foci, resulting from sequestration of RNA-binding proteins functioning in important neuronal cascades; (2) decrease in availability of RNA-binding proteins, such as splicing factors, causing alternative splicing misregulation with imbalance in the expression ratio of neuronal isoforms; and (3) generation of neurotoxic peptides, produced from repeat-associated non-ATG-initiated translation across the RNA repeat, in all reading frames. Recently, 2 pathologies characterized by impaired motor function, cognitive decline, or/and degeneration of motor neurons have been found that have broaden our understanding of these diseases. Moreover, the finding of compromised nucleocytoplasmic transport opens new avenues for research. This review will cover the amazing progress regarding these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana R Loureiro
- Group Genetics of Cognitive Dysfunction, i3s- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Claudia L Oliveira
- Group Genetics of Cognitive Dysfunction, i3s- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Silveira
- Group Genetics of Cognitive Dysfunction, i3s- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
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21
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Matsuzono K, Hishikawa N, Yamashita T, Ohta Y, Sato K, Kono S, Deguchi K, Morihara R, Abe K. Comprehensive Clinical Evaluations of Frontotemporal Dementia Contrasting to Alzheimer’s Disease (oFTD Study). J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 48:279-86. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-150416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Abe K, Yamashita T, Hishikawa N, Ohta Y, Deguchi K, Sato K, Matsuzono K, Nakano Y, Ikeda Y, Wakutani Y, Takao Y. A new simple score (ABS) for assessing behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. J Neurol Sci 2015; 350:14-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Walsh MJ, Cooper-Knock J, Dodd JE, Stopford MJ, Mihaylov SR, Kirby J, Shaw PJ, Hautbergue GM. Invited review: decoding the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie RNA dysregulation in neurodegenerative disorders: a review of the current state of the art. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 41:109-34. [PMID: 25319671 PMCID: PMC4329338 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Altered RNA metabolism is a key pathophysiological component causing several neurodegenerative diseases. Genetic mutations causing neurodegeneration occur in coding and noncoding regions of seemingly unrelated genes whose products do not always contribute to the gene expression process. Several pathogenic mechanisms may coexist within a single neuronal cell, including RNA/protein toxic gain-of-function and/or protein loss-of-function. Genetic mutations that cause neurodegenerative disorders disrupt healthy gene expression at diverse levels, from chromatin remodelling, transcription, splicing, through to axonal transport and repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation. We address neurodegeneration in repeat expansion disorders [Huntington's disease, spinocerebellar ataxias, C9ORF72-related amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)] and in diseases caused by deletions or point mutations (spinal muscular atrophy, most subtypes of familial ALS). Some neurodegenerative disorders exhibit broad dysregulation of gene expression with the synthesis of hundreds to thousands of abnormal messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules. However, the number and identity of aberrant mRNAs that are translated into proteins - and how these lead to neurodegeneration - remain unknown. The field of RNA biology research faces the challenge of identifying pathophysiological events of dysregulated gene expression. In conclusion, we discuss current research limitations and future directions to improve our characterization of pathological mechanisms that trigger disease onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Walsh
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
| | - J Cooper-Knock
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
| | - J E Dodd
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
| | - M J Stopford
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
| | - S R Mihaylov
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
| | - J Kirby
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
| | - P J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
| | - G M Hautbergue
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
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24
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Arias M, García-Murias M, Sobrido MJ. Spinocerebellar ataxia 36 (SCA36): «Costa da Morte ataxia». Neurologia 2015; 32:386-393. [PMID: 25593102 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION-OBJECTIVE To describe the history of the discovery of SCA36 and review knowledge of this entity, which is currently the most prevalent hereditary ataxia in Galicia (Spain) owing to a founder effect. DEVELOPMENT SCA36 is an autosomal dominant hereditary ataxia with late onset and slow progression. It presents with cerebellar ataxia, sensorineural hearing loss, and discrete motor neuron impairment (tongue atrophy with denervation, discrete pyramidal signs). SCA36 was first described in Japan (Asida River ataxia) and in Galicia(Costa da Morte ataxia). The condition is caused by a genetic mutation (intronic hexanucleotide repeat expansion) in the NOP56 gene on the short arm of chromosome 20 (20p13). Magnetic resonance image study initially shows cerebellar vermian atrophy that subsequently extends to the rest of the cerebellum and finally to the pontomedullary region of the brainstem without producing white matter lesions. Peripheral nerve conduction velocities are normal, and sensorimotor evoked potential studies show delayed conduction of stimuli to lower limbs. In patients with hearing loss, audiometric studies show a drop of >40dB in frequencies exceeding 2,500Hz. Auditory evoked potential studies may also show lack of waves I and II. CONCLUSIONS Costa da Morte ataxia or SCA36 is the most prevalent SCA in the Spanish region of Galicia. Given the region's history of high rates of emigration, new cases may be diagnosed in numerous countries, especially in Latin America. Genetic studies are now available to patients and asymptomatic carriers. Since many people are at risk for this disease, we will continue our investigations aimed at elucidating the underlying pathogenic molecular mechanisms and discovering effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arias
- Servicio de Neurología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, España.
| | - M García-Murias
- Grupo de Neurogenética del Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Santiago de Compostela, España
| | - M J Sobrido
- Grupo de Neurogenética del Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Santiago de Compostela, España
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25
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Clinical and demographic predictors of mild cognitive impairment for converting to Alzheimer's disease and reverting to normal cognition. J Neurol Sci 2014; 346:288-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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FTLD-ALS of TDP-43 type and SCA2 in a family with a full ataxin-2 polyglutamine expansion. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 128:597-604. [PMID: 24718895 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1277-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polyglutamine expansions in the ataxin-2 gene (ATXN2) cause autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2), but have recently also been associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We present clinical and pathological features of a family in which a pathological ATXN2 expansion led to frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ALS (FTLD-ALS) in the index case, but typical SCA2 in a son, and compare the neuropathology with a case of typical SCA2. The index case shares the molecular signature of SCA2 with prominent polyglutamine and p62-positive intranuclear neuronal inclusions mainly in the pontine nuclei, while harbouring more pronounced neocortical and spinal TDP-43 pathology. We conclude that ATXN2 mutations can cause not only ALS, but also a neuropathological overlap syndrome of SCA2 and FTLD presenting clinically as pure FTLD-ALS without ataxia. The cause of the phenotypic heterogeneity remains unexplained, but the presence of a CAA-interrupted CAG repeat in the FTLD case in this family suggests that one potential mechanism may be variation in repeat tract composition between members of the same family.
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27
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Liu W, Ikeda Y, Hishikawa N, Yamashita T, Deguchi K, Abe K. Characteristic RNA foci of the abnormal hexanucleotide GGCCUG repeat expansion in spinocerebellar ataxia type 36 (Asidan). Eur J Neurol 2014; 21:1377-86. [PMID: 24985895 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Spinocerebellar ataxia type 36 (SCA36), also called Asidan, is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder identified as a hexanucleotide GGCCTG repeat expansion in the first intron 1 of the NOP56 gene. In the present study, for the first time an autopsy sample from an Asidan patient was examined and cytoplasmic inclusions and (GGCCUG)n repeat RNA foci were detected. METHODS Hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining, as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization were used to investigate the cytoplasmic inclusions of ubiquitin and p62 and the (GGCCUG)n repeat RNA foci. RESULTS The present study showed both ubiquitin- and p62-positive inclusions in the cytoplasm of the inferior olivary nucleus of the Asidan patient, (GGCCUG)n RNA foci in neuronal nuclei of the cerebrum, cerebellum, inferior olive, spinal cord and temporal muscle, and three types of RNA foci, i.e. single small, multiple small and giant. Of interest is that the giant RNA foci, nearly 10 μm in diameter, that were detected in Purkinje cells, spinal motor neurons and most frequently in the inferior olivary nucleus, may be responsible for pivotal clinical symptoms of Asidan. CONCLUSIONS The present study is the first report to show neuronal cytoplasmic inclusion bodies and giant RNA foci in an Asidan patient. The relationships between the giant RNA foci and neurodegeneration have yet to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Liu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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28
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Miyashiro A, Sugihara K, Kawarai T, Miyamoto R, Izumi Y, Morino H, Maruyama H, Orlacchio A, Kawakami H, Kaji R. Oromandibular dystonia associated with SCA36. Mov Disord 2013; 28:558-9. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.25304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Revised: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Miyashiro
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Institute of Health Biosciences; Graduate School of Medicine; Tokushima University; Tokushima; Japan
| | - Katsunobu Sugihara
- Department of Epidemiology; Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima; Japan
| | - Toshitaka Kawarai
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Institute of Health Biosciences; Graduate School of Medicine; Tokushima University; Tokushima; Japan
| | - Ryosuke Miyamoto
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Institute of Health Biosciences; Graduate School of Medicine; Tokushima University; Tokushima; Japan
| | - Yuishin Izumi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Institute of Health Biosciences; Graduate School of Medicine; Tokushima University; Tokushima; Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morino
- Department of Epidemiology; Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima; Japan
| | - Hirofumi Maruyama
- Department of Epidemiology; Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima; Japan
| | | | - Hideshi Kawakami
- Department of Epidemiology; Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima; Japan
| | - Ryuji Kaji
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Institute of Health Biosciences; Graduate School of Medicine; Tokushima University; Tokushima; Japan
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Morimoto N, Yamashita T, Sato K, Kurata T, Ikeda Y, Kusuhara T, Murata N, Abe K. Assessment of swallowing in motor neuron disease and Asidan/SCA36 patients with new methods. J Neurol Sci 2012; 324:149-55. [PMID: 23146615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report on a unique complication of cerebellar ataxia and motor neuron disease named Asidan/SCA36 with a high frequency of tongue atrophy. We aimed to elucidate dysphagia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal, bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), and Asidan/SCA36 patients with new methods. METHODS Patients diagnosed with ALS (n=20), SBMA (n=6), and Asidan (n=12) were included. A videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFS), an assessment of maximal tongue pressure (MTP), and impedance pharyngography (IPG) were applied. RESULTS The frequencies of VFS abnormalities were 70%, 50%, and 33% in ALS, SBMA, and Asidan/SCA36, respectively. Compared with control subjects (31.6 ± 6.3 kPa, mean ± SD), MTP was significantly decreased in ALS patients and SBMA patients, but was relatively preserved in Asidan patients. ALS patients performed more swallowing actions (Ns) detected by IPG than did control subjects, but SBMA and Asidan/SCA36 patients performed similar Ns to control subjects. CONCLUSIONS VFS showed a higher frequency of swallowing abnormalities in ALS patients. MTP and IPG measurements showed the most severe involvement in ALS patients and a relatively preserved swallowing function in SBMA and Asidan/SCA36 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutoshi Morimoto
- Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Ikeda Y, Ohta Y, Kurata T, Shiro Y, Takao Y, Abe K. Acoustic impairment is a distinguishable clinical feature of Asidan/SCA36. J Neurol Sci 2012; 324:109-12. [PMID: 23140984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate acoustic function of Asidan/spinocerebellar ataxia type 36 (SCA36) in which sensorineural hearing loss may be found as one of extracerebellar symptom that can be a distinguishable feature from other degenerative ataxias. METHODS Acoustic function in the groups of normal control (n=31), Asidan/SCA36 (n=13), cortical cerebellar atrophy (CCA, n=28), multiple system atrophy of cerebellar predominance (MSA-C, n=48), SCA31 (n=4), and other forms of SCAs (n=14) was evaluated by pure tone average (PTA) calculated by the results of audiogram and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs). RESULTS PTA was significantly decreased in Asidan/SCA36 in comparison to normal control and other ataxic groups, but not significant within other ataxic groups and normal control. In comparison to other groups, Asidan/SCA36 showed a constant depression at 7 different frequencies in audiogram, especially at 4000 and 8000 Hz. BAEPs in 2 Asidan/SCA36 cases suggested possible involvement in the inner ear or the peripheral part of the auditory system. PTA in Asidan/SCA36 cases significantly correlated with their severity of ataxia. CONCLUSIONS In addition to signs for motor neuron involvement, acoustic impairment in Asidan/SCA36 is another characteristic clinical feature that is distinguishable from other forms of SCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Sugihara K, Maruyama H, Morino H, Miyamoto R, Ueno H, Matsumoto M, Kaji R, Kitaguchi H, Yukitake M, Higashi Y, Nishinaka K, Oda M, Izumi Y, Kawakami H. The clinical characteristics of spinocerebellar ataxia 36: a study of 2121 Japanese ataxia patients. Mov Disord 2012; 27:1158-63. [PMID: 22753339 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia 36 is caused by the expansion of the intronic GGCCTG hexanucleotide repeat in NOP56. The original article describing this condition demonstrated that patients with spinocerebellar ataxia 36 present with tongue atrophy, a finding that had not been seen in previous types of spinocerebellar ataxias. A total of 2121 patients with clinically diagnosed spinocerebellar ataxia participated in the study. We screened our patient samples for spinocerebellar ataxia 36 using the repeat-primed polymerase chain reaction method and also determined the clinical features of spinocerebellar ataxia 36. Of the ataxia cases examined, 12 were identified as spinocerebellar ataxia 36. Of these, 7 cases (6 families) were autosomal dominant, 4 cases (three families) had a positive family history but were not autosomal dominant, and 1 case was sporadic. The average age of onset was 51.7 years, and disease progression was slow. The main symptoms and signs of disease included ataxia, dysarthria, and hyperreflexia. Approximately half the affected patients demonstrated nystagmus, bulging eyes, and a positive pathological reflex, although dysphagia, tongue atrophy, and hearing loss were rare. Moreover, the observed atrophy of the cerebellum and brain stem was not severe. The patients identified in this study were concentrated in western Japan. The frequency of spinocerebellar ataxia 36 was approximately 1.2% in the autosomal dominant group, and the age of onset for this condition was later in comparison with other spinocerebellar ataxia subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunobu Sugihara
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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