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Questionnaire measures of self-directed ageing stereotype in older adults: a systematic review of measurement properties. Eur J Ageing 2020; 18:117-144. [PMID: 33746687 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-020-00574-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The population is ageing, but while average life expectancy continues to increase, healthy life expectancy has not necessarily matched this and negative ageing stereotypes remain prevalent. Self-directed ageing stereotypes are hypothesised to play an important role in older adults' health and well-being; however, a wide variety of terms and measures are used to explore this construct meaning there is a lack of clarity within the literature. A review was conducted to identify tools used to measure self-directed ageing stereotype in older adults and evaluate their quality. Searches identified 109 papers incorporating 40 different measures. Most common were the Philadelphia Geriatric Centre Morale Scale Attitude Towards Own Ageing (ATOA) subscale, Ageing Perceptions Questionnaire (APQ) and Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire. Despite being most frequently used, the ATOA was developed to measure morale in older adults rather than self-directed ageing stereotypes. Over 25 terms were used to describe the concept, and it is suggested that for consistency the term "self-directed ageing stereotype" be adopted universally. Across measures, poor reporting of psychometric properties made it difficult to assess scale quality and more research is needed to fully assess measures before conclusions can be drawn as to the best tool; however, the Brief-APQ appears to hold most promise. Future research must address this issue before interventions to reduce negative self-directed ageing stereotypes can be developed and fully evaluated.
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Oñate L, Calvete E. The moderating role of age in the relationship between different stressors and the quality of life of the relatives of people with intellectual disabilities. Qual Life Res 2019; 28:2969-2978. [PMID: 31250337 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The level of support needed for adaptive functioning and behavioral problems of individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) can be a source of stress for caregivers. The aim of this study was to explore the moderating role of caregivers' age on the associations between these stressors and quality of life (QoL) of the family caregivers. As these sources of stress in people with ID can coexist, the triple interaction between stressors and age was also examined. METHODS 208 relatives (mean age = 50.98 years, SD = 12.86) of people with ID participated in the research. Participants answered a questionnaire with sociodemographic variables, measures of stressors (level of support for adaptive functioning of the people with ID and behavioral problems) and measures of QoL (WHOQOL-BREF). RESULTS The association between the level of support needed for adaptive functioning and lower QoL was only significant among older relatives, whereas the association between behavioral problems and lower QoL was only significant among younger relatives. A three-way interaction between behavioral problems, level of support needed, and age indicated that the association between the level of support for adaptive functioning and QoL in older relatives was greater when there were higher levels of behavioral problems. CONCLUSIONS The role of caregivers' age in their QoL differs depending on the nature of the stressor, and an accumulation of stressors can have a particularly negative impact on older caregivers. Interventions should be adapted for caregivers of different ages and take into account the particular sources of stress they have to cope with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Oñate
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Deusto, Apdo. 1, 48080, Bilbao, Biscay, Spain.
| | - Esther Calvete
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Deusto, Apdo. 1, 48080, Bilbao, Biscay, Spain
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Flynn S, Hastings RP, Gillespie D, McNamara R, Randell E. Is the amount of exposure to aggressive challenging behaviour related to staff work-related well-being in intellectual disability services? Evidence from a clustered research design. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2018; 81:155-161. [PMID: 29678313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has demonstrated an association between aggressive challenging behaviour (CB) and reductions in work-related well-being for intellectual disability (ID) support staff. Much of this research has used subjective measures of CB. AIMS To examine whether exposure to aggressive CB is associated with reduced work-related well-being in staff working in ID residential settings across the UK. METHODS AND PROCEDURE A cross-sectional analysis was undertaken as part of a randomised trial; 186 staff from 100 settings completed questionnaires on their CB self-efficacy, empathy, positive work motivation, and burnout. Objective measures of aggressive CB in the preceding 16 weeks were collected from each setting. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS There was little association between staff exposure to aggressive CB and work-related well-being. Clustering effects were found for emotional exhaustion and positive work motivation, suggesting these variables are more likely to be influenced by the environment in which staff work. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The level of clustering may be key to understanding how to support staff working in ID residential settings, and should be explored further. Longitudinal data, and studies including a comparison of staff working in ID services without aggressive CB exposure are needed to fully understand any association between aggressive CB and staff well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard P Hastings
- CEDAR, University of Warwick, United Kingdom; Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Australia
| | - David Gillespie
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel McNamara
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, United Kingdom
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Baumbusch J, Mayer S, Phinney A, Baumbusch S. Aging Together: Caring Relations in Families of Adults With Intellectual Disabilities. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2017. [PMID: 26224764 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnv103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of the Study To examine the dynamics of caring relations in older families that include an adult with Intellectual Disabilities (ID). To date, there has been very little research exploring the experiences of aging families of community-dwelling adults with ID. Design and Methods An exploratory, qualitative study was conducted in British Columbia, Canada. Eight participants were recruited through purposive sampling. In-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted to explore the experience of aging concurrently with a community-dwelling relative with ID. Data were analyzed using a thematic approach. Results Three main themes emerged: (a) Recognizing the Changes of Aging, (b) Strengthening Connections, and (c) Planning for the Future. Implications Aging concurrently with a community-dwelling relative with ID is a unique experience for older adults and challenges traditional views of familial caring relations. These relationships are characterized by evolving patterns of care and exchange. There is also a sense of urgency to securing future care arrangements for the adult relative with ID. Advanced care-planning is complicated by the adult with ID' understanding of death and dying. Family caregiving policies and practices that take into account the complexities of these relationships are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samara Mayer
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison Phinney
- UBC School of Nursing, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Relationships between Caregiving Stress, Depression, and Self-Esteem in Family Caregivers of Adults with a Disability. Occup Ther Int 2017; 2017:1686143. [PMID: 29114184 PMCID: PMC5664279 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1686143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relationships between caregiving stress, depression, and self-esteem of family caregivers of an adult person with a disability and to identify their effects on their caregiving burden. The study was performed with 108 care providers of adult people with a disability who visited hospital rehabilitation centers. Caregiving stress showed a significant positive correlation with depression and with economic and psychological stress, and it showed a significant negative correlation with self-esteem. When the care provider was aged, female, and without a job and the caregiving cost and time were higher, the caregiving stress was high. When the care provider was female and had a lower income, the depression index was high. When the person with a disability was male and in the forties and the level of disability was higher, the caregiving stress was high. When the disability was related to spinal cord damage, the care provider's depression index was the highest. To reduce caregiving stress and depression in the family caregivers and to improve their self-esteem, continuous support and help from specialists are necessary. Additionally, a variety of intervention programs need to be designed to motivate them to participate regularly at the community level.
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Grey JM, Totsika V, Hastings RP. Physical and psychological health of family carers co-residing with an adult relative with an intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2017; 31 Suppl 2:191-202. [PMID: 28378391 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Providing long-term care to an adult relative with intellectual disability can impact negatively on caregivers' health and well-being. METHODS Data were collected via online and postal questionnaires on 110 family carers' physical and psychological health, family stress and perceived positive gains from caring. Psychological adaptation and carers' satisfaction with available support were also examined. RESULTS Study participants reported more health problems than general populations. Higher support needs of care recipients were associated with increased family stress. Carers being female were associated with lower family stress. Older age and better socio-economic position were associated with better psychological outcomes. Other associations were consistent with psychological adaption and perceived helpfulness of support buffering negative outcomes and facilitating positive gains from caring. CONCLUSIONS Family carers of adults with intellectual disability appear to experience poorer health outcome than population norms. Adaption to the caregiving role may buffer negative outcomes. Further large scale, population-based, longitudinal research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian M Grey
- DECIPHer, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Vasiliki Totsika
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Richard P Hastings
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Dawson F, Shanahan S, Fitzsimons E, O'Malley G, Mac Giollabhui N, Bramham J. The impact of caring for an adult with intellectual disability and psychiatric comorbidity on carer stress and psychological distress. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2016; 60:553-563. [PMID: 27028105 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given that carers of individuals with intellectual disability (ID) and carers of individuals with psychiatric disorders experience elevated levels of stress and psychological distress, carers of individuals with both ID and a comorbid psychiatric disorder are potentially at even greater risk for psychological difficulties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychological well-being of carers of adults with a dual diagnosis compared with carers of adults with intellectual disability alone. METHOD Four-hundred and forty-two questionnaires were sent to four community services and seventy-five family carers of adults with intellectual disability responded. Psychological well-being of carers was assessed using the Questionnaire on Resources and Stress - Friedrich edition (QRS-F) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Comorbid psychopathology for their family member with ID was assessed using the Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behaviour (RSMB). RESULTS Twenty-four percent of the individuals with ID were reported to have comorbid psychopathology. Between-group analyses compared carers of people with ID and comorbid psychopathology to carers of people with ID alone. Regression analyses examined the relationship between psychopathology and other care-related variables to carer stress and psychological distress. Carers of people with ID and comorbid psychopathology were found to have significantly higher levels of stress and psychological distress than carers of people with ID alone. Autism was found to be the only significant predictor of both stress and psychological distress among measures of psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS Additional comorbid psychopathology in individuals with intellectual disability has a significant impact on their carers' psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dawson
- UCD School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - S Shanahan
- St John of God Kildare Services, Celbridge, Ireland
| | - E Fitzsimons
- St John of God Carmona Services, Dun Laoghaire, Ireland
| | - G O'Malley
- UCD School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - N Mac Giollabhui
- UCD School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - J Bramham
- UCD School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
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Thomson A, Glasson E, Roberts P, Bittles A. "Over time it just becomes easier…": parents of people with Angelman syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome speak about their carer role. Disabil Rehabil 2016; 39:763-770. [PMID: 27015406 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2016.1161838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated two of the stresses experienced by parents caring for offspring with Angelman syndrome (AS) and Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) in Western Australia, and identified their coping strategies. METHODS Parents of 19 offspring with AS and PWS participated in the Family Stress and Coping Interview which provides a stress level score, and a discussion of stressors and coping methods associated with 24 life situations, two of which are reported. All text was examined using directed content analysis. RESULTS Family carers (14/19) reported high stress associated with the initial diagnosis of AS or PWS in their offspring; and finding time for themselves. Stressors identified included lack of quality information about the disorder, time constraints and physical and emotional tiredness. Parents adopted a variety of coping strategies, including learning about the disorder, accepting the situation, seeking instrumental and social supports and dealing with problems. CONCLUSIONS No specific coping strategy was associated with reduced stress. However, parents felt that accurate and timely information during the diagnostic period helped. Parents used family and community support although there were difficulties accessing respite care. It is advised that government agencies, service providers, family members and peer support associations should provide practical and emotional support to assist the parents of offspring with AS and PWS, and indeed any form of intellectual disability, across the lifespan. Implications for Rehabilitation Long-term caring for offspring with AS or PWS can involve considerable stress for parents. Stress has been associated with poorer health outcomes for parental carers. Parents need a variety of practical and emotional supports to cope with stress, including timely access to information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson Thomson
- a School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University , Joondalup , Australia.,b School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Curtin University , Bentley , Australia
| | - Emma Glasson
- c School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia
| | - Peter Roberts
- a School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University , Joondalup , Australia
| | - Alan Bittles
- a School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University , Joondalup , Australia.,d Centre for Comparative Genomics , Murdoch University , Murdoch , Australia
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Kim GE, Chung S. Elderly Mothers of Adult Children with Intellectual Disability: An Exploration of a Stress Process Model for Caregiving Satisfaction. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2015; 29:160-71. [DOI: 10.1111/jar.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Go-en Kim
- Graduate School of Counseling, Welfare & Policy; Kwangwoon University; Seoul Korea
| | - Soondool Chung
- Department of Social Welfare; Ewha Womans University; Seoul Korea
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Lunsky Y, Tint A, Robinson S, Gordeyko M, Ouellette-Kuntz H. System-Wide Information About Family Carers of Adults With Intellectual/Developmental Disabilities-A Scoping Review of the Literature. JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jppi.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yona Lunsky
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Ami Tint
- Department of Psychology; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Suzanne Robinson
- Department of Psychology; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Marcia Gordeyko
- School and Child Clinical Psychology; Ontario Institute for Studies in Education; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Hélène Ouellette-Kuntz
- Departments of Community Health & Epidemiology and Psychiatry; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario Canada
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11
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Hill C, Rose J. Parenting Stress Models and Their Application to Parents of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/096979510799103023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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12
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Chou YC, Fu LY, Chang HH. Making Work Fit Care: Reconciliation Strategies Used by Working Mothers of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2012; 26:133-45. [DOI: 10.1111/jar.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Ching Chou
- Institute of Health and Welfare Policy; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Li-yeh Fu
- Institute of Health and Welfare Policy; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Heng-Hao Chang
- Department of Sociology; National Taipei University; Taipei Taiwan
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13
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Yoong A, Koritsas S. The impact of caring for adults with intellectual disability on the quality of life of parents. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2012; 56:609-619. [PMID: 22233404 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of an increase in life expectancy and de-institutionalisation, many adults with intellectual disability (ID) live with and are cared for by their parents throughout their adult lives. Because of caring demands, the quality of life (QOL) of parents may be affected. The study explored the impact of caring for an adult with ID on the QOL of parents. METHODS Participants were 12 parents who were the full-time carers of an adult with ID. Participants were interviewed about the effect of caring on their QOL. Interviews were analysed thematically. RESULTS Caring had a positive impact on QOL by enabling participants to develop relationships and receive support, participate in leisure activities, achieve a sense of personal satisfaction and enable a more positive appraisal of their lives. Caring had a negative impact on participants' QOL by restricting their relationships, leisure activities and employment opportunities. Caring was also associated with financial insecurity, frustrations at the service system and fear of what the future held for their offspring. CONCLUSIONS Caring for an adult with ID had both positive and negative effects on parents' QOL. Improving services and service delivery, including the provision of residential services and respite, would address many of the issues that were reported to have a negative impact on parents' QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yoong
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia.
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Samuel PS, Hobden KL, LeRoy BW, Lacey KK. Analysing family service needs of typically underserved families in the USA. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2012; 56:111-128. [PMID: 22142360 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Present day service systems evolved from the traditional model of disability intervention where the child with the disability and the family were viewed as pathological entities that needed to be fixed rather than supported. Scholars have increasingly called for a greater focus on the family in service delivery, but few studies have empirically examined the practical reality of such a shift. The present paper examines the disability-related formal service supports within the family quality of life (FQOL) framework in a sample of predominantly low-income, minority families in the USA. METHODS Cross-sectional data collected from a convenience sample of 149 families using the Family Quality of Life Survey (FQOLS-2006) was analysed at the univariate, bivariate and multivariate levels. RESULTS Over half of the families indicated that they needed more help from the service system, and the largest barrier to accessing services was a lack of information. Almost all families viewed service support as very important to their overall FQOL; however, only half of them were satisfied with the formal support that they were receiving. Less than half of the families reported having many service support opportunities and high attainment of service support, although most took high initiative in pursuing formal supports. The path model illustrated the complex inter-relationships between the six dimensions of service support. CONCLUSIONS Findings underscore the need for resources to empower families and the value of using the FQOLS-2006 to ascertain the service support needs and strengths of families.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Samuel
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
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Rowbotham M, Cuskelly M, Carroll A. Sustainable Caregiving? Demands Upon and Resources of Female Carers of Adults with Intellectual Disability. J Women Aging 2011; 23:129-48. [DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2011.561141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Rowbotham
- a School of Education , The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia
| | - Monica Cuskelly
- a School of Education , The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia
| | - Annemaree Carroll
- a School of Education , The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia
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Perceived burden in spouses of National Guard/Reserve service members deployed during Operations Enduring and Iraqi Freedom. J Anxiety Disord 2011; 25:346-51. [PMID: 21112182 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 10/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Spouses of combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience elevated psychological distress. Recent research indicates that spouses' perceptions of burden may be one mechanism of such distress, but there are several gaps in this literature. No research has examined perceived burden in relation to symptoms other than PTSD or subclinical levels of psychological distress, and very little research has focused on characteristics of spouses that may be related to their perceptions of burden. The current study examined these variables in 130 spouses of reserve component troops deployed during Operations Enduring/Iraqi Freedom. Spouses' burden was positively associated with symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety in service members, regardless of clinical severity. Moreover, burden fully mediated the relation between each type of symptom and spouses' own psychological distress. Furthermore, levels of burden were significantly related to spouses' neuroticism, avoidant coping, and self-efficacy, but only avoidant coping remained a significant predictor of burden when accounting for service members' distress. These results suggest that a broad range of service members' symptoms are related to spouses' burden and distress, and although individual characteristics of spouses may be related to their perceptions of burden, service members' symptoms play a primary role.
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Chou YC, Pu CY, Fu LY, Kröger T. Depressive symptoms in older female carers of adults with intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2010; 54:1031-44. [PMID: 20977514 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01332.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This survey study aims to examine the prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms among primary older female family carers of adults with intellectual disabilities (ID). METHOD In total, 350 female family carers aged 55 and older took part and completed the interview in their homes. The survey package contained standardised scales to assess carer self-reported depressive symptoms, social support, caregiving burden and disease and health, as well as adult and carer sociodemographic information. Multiple linear regressions were used to identify the factors associated with high depressive symptoms in carers. RESULTS Between 64% and 72% of these carers were classified as having high depressive symptoms. The factors associated with carer self-reported depressive symptoms were carer physical health, social support and caregiving burden; overall, the carer self-reported physical health was a stronger factor associated with depressive symptoms than their physical disease status. The level of the adult with ID's behavioural functioning and the carer age, marital status, employment status, education level and the family income level were not significantly associated with carer depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The factors identified in this study as correlating with self-reported depressive symptoms suggest that researchers and mental health professionals should collaborate to help improve the physical health and social support networks of the most vulnerable older female family carers. This should reduce depressive symptoms directly among this high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Chou
- Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, Research Center for Health and Welfare Policy, National Yang-Ming University, Peitou, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lin JD, Hu J, Yen CF, Hsu SW, Lin LP, Loh CH, Chen MH, Wu SR, Chu CM, Wu JL. Quality of life in caregivers of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities: use of WHOQOL-BREF survey. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2009; 30:1448-1458. [PMID: 19660901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study based on World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) scale to examine quality of life of the caregivers caring for their children/adolescents with intellectual disabilities in Taiwan, and the factors contributing to their quality of life. Structured interviews were conducted with 597 caregivers of children/adolescents with intellectual disabilities. The results found that the mean scores in each domain of WHOQOL-BREF of the caregivers as the followings: physical capacity (PC) was 13.71+/-2.35, psychological well-being (PW) was 12.21+/-2.55, social relationship (SR) was 12.99+/-2.43 and environment (EN) was 12.32+/-2.38. These mean scores were lower than the general population and slight higher than the caregivers of adults with intellectual disabilities in Taiwan. Finally, multiple stepwise regressions were conducted to examine the characteristics of caregiver and children/adolescents with intellectual disabilities will more likely explained the WHOQOL-BREF mean scores. The study found the following three factors: self-perceived health status, household income and stress from insufficient family support were significantly correlated to all four domains in multiple stepwise regression analyses. The results highlights that caregivers of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities seem to display a lower WHOQOL-BREF mean score than the general population, probably for a combination of stress, health and household income factors. These finding must be taken into account in policy making to provide better and more specific supports and interventions for the caregivers of people with intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ding Lin
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Ottmann G, Laragy C, Haddon M. Experiences of disability consumer-directed care users in Australia: results from a longitudinal qualitative study. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2009; 17:466-475. [PMID: 19689678 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2524.2009.00851.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly growing body of literature suggests that Consumer-directed Care (CDC) has the potential to empower consumers and improve the flexibility and quality of care. However, reports highlighting quality and risk concerns associated with CDC focusing on a longer time frame have been few. This paper presents the findings from a qualitative longitudinal evaluation of an Australian CDC programme. Focusing on the period between 2003 and 2008, it reports on the experiences of 12 families caring for a dependent family member. It is based on two external evaluations completed 6 and 36 months after enrollment, and one internal evaluation completed 48 months after enrollment. The findings were triangulated with internal memos, reports and minutes of meetings, as well as with the theoretical literature. The study demonstrates that CDC harbours considerable benefits for people with disabilities and their carers. However, the study also suggests that, over time, carers may experience an increased sense of isolation and lack of support as a result of their involvement in the CDC programme. The paper argues that the development of safeguards addressing these weaknesses is crucial for the sustainability of CDC programmes in contexts where risk cannot be simply transferred onto consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goetz Ottmann
- School of Nursing, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Hartley SL, Maclean WE. Depression in adults with mild intellectual disability: role of stress, attributions, and coping. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2009; 114:147-60. [PMID: 19374469 PMCID: PMC2831402 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7588-114.3.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The experience of stressful social interactions, negative causal attributions, and the use of maladaptive coping efforts help maintain depression over time in the general population. We investigated whether a similar experience occurs among adults with mild intellectual disability. We compared the frequency and stress impact of such interactions, identified causal attributions for these interactions, and determined the coping strategies of 47 depressed and 47 nondepressed adults with mild intellectual disability matched on subject characteristics. The depressed group reported a higher frequency and stress impact of stressful social interactions, more negative attribution style, and more avoidant and less active coping strategies did than the nondepressed group. Findings have implications for theory building and development of psychotherapies to treat depression.
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Pottie CG, Cohen J, Ingram KM. Parenting a Child with Autism: Contextual Factors Associated with Enhanced Daily Parental Mood. J Pediatr Psychol 2008; 34:419-29. [DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsn094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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