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Dinh A, Duran C, Ropers J, Bouchand F, Deconinck L, Matt M, Senard O, Lagrange A, Mellon G, Calin R, Makhloufi S, de Lastours V, Mathieu E, Kahn JE, Rouveix E, Grenet J, Dumoulin J, Chinet T, Pépin M, Delcey V, Diamantis S, Benhamou D, Vitrat V, Dombret MC, Renaud B, Claessens YE, Labarère J, Bedos JP, Aegerter P, Crémieux AC. Exclusive oral antibiotic treatment for hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia: a post-hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024; 30:1020-1028. [PMID: 38734138 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of different ways of administration and types of beta-lactams for hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). METHODS In this post-hoc analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) on patients hospitalized for CAP (pneumonia short treatment trial) comparing 3-day vs. 8-day durations of beta-lactams, which concluded to non-inferiority, we included patients who received either amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC) or third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) regimens, and exclusively either intravenous or oral treatment for the first 3 days (followed by either 5 days of oral placebo or AMC according to randomization). The choice of route and molecule was left to the physician in charge. The main outcome was a failure at 15 days after the first antibiotic intake, defined as temperature >37.9°C, and/or absence of resolution/improvement of respiratory symptoms, and/or additional antibiotic treatment for any cause. The primary outcome according to the route of administration was evaluated through logistic regression. Inverse probability treatment weighting with a propensity score model was used to adjust for non-randomization of treatment routes and potential confounders. The difference in failure rates was also evaluated among several sub-populations (AMC vs. 3GC treatments, intravenous vs. oral AMC, patients with multi-lobar infection, patients aged ≥65 years old, and patients with CURB65 scores of 3-4). RESULTS We included 200 patients from the original trial, with 93/200 (46.5%) patients only treated with intravenous treatment and 107/200 (53.5%) patients only treated with oral therapy. The failure rate at Day 15 was not significantly different among patients treated with initial intravenous vs. oral treatment [25/93 (26.9%) vs. 28/107 (26.2%), adjusted odds ratios (aOR) 0.973 (95% CI 0.519-1.823), p 0.932)]. Failure rates at Day 15 were not significantly different among the subgroup populations. DISCUSSION Among hospitalized patients with CAP, there was no significant difference in efficacy between initial intravenous and exclusive oral treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01963442.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Dinh
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Raymond-Poincaré University Hospital, AP-HP Paris Saclay University, Garches, France; Epidemiology and Modeling of Bacterial Evasion to Antibacterials Unit (EMEA), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| | - Clara Duran
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Raymond-Poincaré University Hospital, AP-HP Paris Saclay University, Garches, France
| | - Jacques Ropers
- Clinical Research Unit, Pitié-Salpétrière University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Bouchand
- Department of Pharmacy, Raymond-Poincaré University Hospital, AP-HP Paris Saclay, Garches, France
| | - Laurène Deconinck
- Department of Infectious Disease, Bichat University Hospital, AP-HP, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Morgan Matt
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Raymond-Poincaré University Hospital, AP-HP Paris Saclay University, Garches, France
| | - Olivia Senard
- Department of Infectious Disease, Marne La Vallée Hospital, GHEF, Marne La Vallée, France
| | - Aurore Lagrange
- Department of Pneumology, Pontoise Hospital, Pontoise, France
| | - Guillaume Mellon
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Raymond-Poincaré University Hospital, AP-HP Paris Saclay University, Garches, France
| | - Ruxandra Calin
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Raymond-Poincaré University Hospital, AP-HP Paris Saclay University, Garches, France
| | - Sabrina Makhloufi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Raymond-Poincaré University Hospital, AP-HP Paris Saclay University, Garches, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Emmanuel Kahn
- Internal Medicine, Ambroise-Paré University Hospital, AP-HP Paris Saclay, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Elisabeth Rouveix
- Internal Medicine, Ambroise-Paré University Hospital, AP-HP Paris Saclay, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Julie Grenet
- Emergency Medicine, Ambroise-Paré University Hospital, AP-HP Paris Saclay, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Jennifer Dumoulin
- Department of Pneumology, Ambroise-Paré University Hospital, AP-HP Paris Saclay, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Thierry Chinet
- Department of Pneumology, Ambroise-Paré University Hospital, AP-HP Paris Saclay, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Marion Pépin
- Department of Geriatric, Ambroise-Paré University Hospital, AP-HP Paris Saclay, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Véronique Delcey
- Internal Medicine, Lariboisière University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Daniel Benhamou
- Department of Pneumology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | | | | | - Bertrand Renaud
- Department of Emergency, Cochin University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - José Labarère
- Quality of Care Unit, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Philippe Aegerter
- UMRS 1168 VIMA, INSERM, Versailles Saint-Quentin University, Versailles, France
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Arntsberg L, Fernberg S, Berger AS, Hedin K, Moberg A. Management and documentation of pneumonia - a comparison of patients consulting primary care and emergency care. Scand J Prim Health Care 2024; 42:338-346. [PMID: 38459974 PMCID: PMC11003321 DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2024.2326469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare management and documentation of vital signs, symptoms and infection severity in pneumonia patients seeking primary care and emergency care without referral. DESIGN Medical record review of vital signs, examination findings and severity of pneumonia. SETTING Primary and emergency care. SUBJECTS Two hundred and forty patients diagnosed with pneumonia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Vital signs, examination findings and severity of pneumonia. Assessments of pneumonia severity according to the reviewers, the traffic light score and CRB-65. RESULTS Respiratory rate, blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation were less often documented in primary care (p < .001). Chest X-ray was performed in 5% of primary care patients vs. 88% of emergency care patients (p < .01). Primary care patients had longer symptom duration, higher oxygen saturation and lower respiratory rate. In total, the reviewers assessed 63% of all pneumonias as mild and 9% as severe. The traffic light scoring model identified 11 patients (9%) in primary care and 53 patients (44%) in emergency care at high risk of severe infection. CONCLUSIONS Vital signs were documented less often in primary care than in emergency care. Patients in primary care appear to have a less severe pneumonia, indicating attendance to the correct care level. The traffic light scoring model identified more patients at risk of severe infection than CRB-65, where the parameters were documented to a limited extent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katarina Hedin
- Futurum, Jönköping, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Family Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna Moberg
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Kärna Primary Health Care Centre, Linköping, Sweden
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Bakir Ekinci P, Kara E, Telli Dizman G, Metin S, Inkaya AC, Demirkan K, Coplu L, Unal S. Compliance with guideline recommendations in the management of patients with hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia. J Investig Med 2024; 72:349-358. [PMID: 38328895 DOI: 10.1177/10815589241232366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Compliance with guidelines in the empirical treatment for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is very important to increase treatment success and reduce mortality. This study aimed to determine compliance with guideline recommendations for CAP and define the role of the clinical pharmacist (CP). Patients diagnosed with CAP were evaluated retrospectively between January 2018 and January 2020 and prospectively between February 2020 and February 2021. Compliance with guidelines was evaluated according to the local, national (Turkish Thoracic Society), and international (American Thoracic Society and Infectious Disease Society of America, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases) guidelines. A total of 751 patients (423 in the retrospective and 328 in the prospective period) were included. It was determined that the 30-day mortality and length of stay were higher in patients who were not treated according to the guidelines. The compliance for empirical treatments was 16.3%-59.1% and 7.8%-30.1% in retrospective and prospective periods, respectively. During the prospective period, a total of 603 recommendations were made by CP, and 578 (95.9%) were accepted and implemented. In the prospective period, treatment duration was shortened, inappropriate fluoroquinolone use was decreased, the switch to oral treatment was increased, and the number of potential drug-drug interactions was decreased (p < 0.001). Compliance with guidelines is essential to be improved to reduce mortality, shorten the length of stay, determine the appropriate antimicrobial duration, and reduce the use of fluoroquinolones and broad-spectrum antibiotics unless necessary. CP intervention contributes to the rational selection of antimicrobials, limiting drug-drug interactions, avoiding toxicities, and compliance with guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Bakir Ekinci
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre Kara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulcin Telli Dizman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sefa Metin
- Department of the Clinical Trials, Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cagkan Inkaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kutay Demirkan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lutfi Coplu
- Department of Chest Diseases, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serhat Unal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Wang C, Yin X, Ma W, Zhao L, Wu X, Ma N, Cao Y, Zhang Q, Ma S, Xu L, Wang X. Clinical application of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid metagenomics next-generation sequencing in cancer patients with severe pneumonia. Respir Res 2024; 25:68. [PMID: 38317206 PMCID: PMC10840150 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), as an emerging technique for pathogen detection, has been widely used in clinic. However, reports on the application of mNGS in cancer patients with severe pneumonia remain limited. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) mNGS in cancer patients complicated with severe pneumonia. METHODS A total of 62 cancer patients with severe pneumonia simultaneously received culture and mNGS of BALF were enrolled in this study. We systematically analyzed the diagnostic significance of BALF mNGS. Subsequently, optimization of anti-infective therapy based on the distribution of pathogens obtained from BALF mNGS was also assessed. RESULTS For bacteria and fungi, the positive detection rate of mNGS was significantly higher than culture method (91.94% versus 51.61%, P < 0.001), especially for poly-microbial infections (70.97% versus 12.90%, P < 0.001). Compared with the culture method, mNGS exhibited a diagnostic sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 16.67%, with the positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) being 56.14% and 100%, respectively. The agreement rate between these two methods was 59.68%, whereas kappa consensus analysis indicated a poor concordance (kappa = 0.171). After receipt of BALF mNGS results, anti-infective treatment strategies in 39 out of 62 cases (62.90%) were optimized. Moreover, anti-tumor therapy was a high-risk factor for mixed infections (87.18% versus 65.22%, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that cancer patients with severe pneumonia, especially those received anti-tumor therapy, were more likely to have poly-microbial infections. BALF mNGS can provide a rapid and comprehensive pathogen distribution of pulmonary infection, making it a promising technique in clinical practice, especially for optimizing therapeutic strategies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Boulevard, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Boulevard, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Wenqing Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Boulevard, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Boulevard, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Xuhong Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yuepeng Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Quanli Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Shuliang Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
| | - Xuerong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Boulevard, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
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Nguyen N, Chua HC, Drake T, Jo J, Stramel SA, Vuong NN, Gonzales-Luna AJ, Olson K, On Behalf Of The Houston Infectious Diseases Network. Significant Publications on Infectious Diseases Pharmacotherapy in 2021. J Pharm Pract 2024; 37:198-211. [PMID: 36122416 DOI: 10.1177/08971900221128334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To summarize the most noteworthy infectious diseases (ID) pharmacotherapy articles published in peer-reviewed literature in 2021. Summary: Members of the Houston Infectious Diseases Network (HIDN) nominated articles that were deemed to have significant contributions to ID pharmacotherapy in 2021. These nominations included articles pertaining to both general ID, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pharmacotherapy. A total of 35 articles were nominated by HIDN: 30 articles pertaining to general ID pharmacotherapy and 5 articles with HIV/AIDS focus. To select the most influential articles of 2021, a survey was created and distributed to members of the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP). Of the 239 SIDP members who responded to the survey, there were 192 recorded votes for the top 10 general ID pharmacotherapy articles and 47 recorded votes for the top HIV/AIDS article, respectively. The top publications are summarized. Conclusion: Antimicrobial stewardship and the optimal management of infectious disease states continues to be a priority in the midst of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic. In light of the sheer volume of ID-related articles published in the past year, this review aims to aid clinicians in remaining up-to-date on key practice-changing ID pharmacotherapy publications from 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhi Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Hubert C Chua
- Department of Pharmacy, CHI Baylor St Luke's Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ty Drake
- Department of Pharmacy, Houston Methodist Willowbrook Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jinhee Jo
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefanie Anne Stramel
- Department of Pharmacy, Memorial Hermann Memorial City Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nancy N Vuong
- Division of Pharmacy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anne J Gonzales-Luna
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kelsey Olson
- Department of Pharmacy, HCA Houston Healthcare Clear Lake, Webster, TX, USA
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Yan M, Zou X, Wang Y, Wang C, Wang Y, Liu Z, Shang L, Cui X, Cao B. Impact of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid on Antimicrobial Stewardship in Patients With Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:223-231. [PMID: 37506257 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) on antimicrobial stewardship in patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) is still unknown. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included patients who had LRTIs diagnosed and underwent bronchoalveolar lavage between September 2019 and December 2020. Patients who underwent both mNGS and conventional microbiologic tests were classified as the mNGS group, while those with conventional tests only were included as a control group. A 1:1 propensity score match for baseline variables was conducted, after which changes in antimicrobial stewardship between the 2 groups were assessed. RESULTS A total of 681 patients who had an initial diagnosis of LRTIs and underwent bronchoalveolar lavage were evaluated; 306 patients were finally included, with 153 in each group. mNGS was associated with lower rates of antibiotic escalation than in the control group (adjusted odds ratio, 0.466 [95% confidence interval, .237-.919]; P = .02), but there was no association with antibiotic de-escalation. Compared with the control group, more patients discontinued the use of antivirals in the mNGS group. CONCLUSIONS The use of mNGS was associated with lower rates of antibiotic escalation and may facilitate the cessation of antivirals, but not contribute to antibiotic de-escalation in patients with LRTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Yan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Zou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yeming Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lianhan Shang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Cui
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
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7
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Boateng I, Stuart B, Becque T, Barrett B, Bostock J, Bruyndonckx R, Carr-Knox L, Ciccone EJ, Coenen S, Ebell M, Gillespie D, Hayward G, Hedin K, Hood K, Lau TMM, Little P, Merenstein D, Mulogo E, Ordóñez-Mena J, Muir P, Samuel K, Shaikh N, Tonner S, van der Velden AW, Verheij T, Wang K, Hay AD, Francis N. Using microbiological data to improve the use of antibiotics for respiratory tract infections: A protocol for an individual patient data meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294845. [PMID: 38011202 PMCID: PMC10681295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to antibiotics is rising and threatens future antibiotic effectiveness. 'Antibiotic targeting' ensures patients who may benefit from antibiotics receive them, while being safely withheld from those who may not. Point-of-care tests may assist with antibiotic targeting by allowing primary care clinicians to establish if symptomatic patients have a viral, bacterial, combined, or no infection. However, because organisms can be harmlessly carried, it is important to know if the presence of the virus/bacteria is related to the illness for which the patient is being assessed. One way to do this is to look for associations with more severe/prolonged symptoms and test results. Previous research to answer this question for acute respiratory tract infections has given conflicting results with studies has not having enough participants to provide statistical confidence. AIM To undertake a synthesis of IPD from both randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational cohort studies of respiratory tract infections (RTI) in order to investigate the prognostic value of microbiological data in addition to, or instead of, clinical symptoms and signs. METHODS A systematic search of Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid Medline and Ovid Embase will be carried out for studies of acute respiratory infection in primary care settings. The outcomes of interest are duration of disease, severity of disease, repeated consultation with new/worsening illness and complications requiring hospitalisation. Authors of eligible studies will be contacted to provide anonymised individual participant data. The data will be harmonised and aggregated. Multilevel regression analysis will be conducted to determine key outcome measures for different potential pathogens and whether these offer any additional information on prognosis beyond clinical symptoms and signs. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42023376769.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Boateng
- Primary Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Beth Stuart
- Primary Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Centre for Evaluation and Methods, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Taeko Becque
- Primary Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Bruce Barrett
- Dept of Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Bostock
- Primary Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Bruyndonckx
- Data Science Institute, I-BioStat, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Lucy Carr-Knox
- Centre for Evaluation and Methods, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily J. Ciccone
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Samuel Coenen
- Centre for General Practice, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mark Ebell
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - David Gillespie
- Centre for Trials Research, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Gail Hayward
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katarina Hedin
- Futurum, Region Jönköping County, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kerenza Hood
- Centre for Trials Research, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Tin Man Mandy Lau
- Centre for Trials Research, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Little
- Primary Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Merenstein
- Dept of Family Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Edgar Mulogo
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Jose Ordóñez-Mena
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Muir
- UK Health Security Agency South West Regional Laboratory, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty Samuel
- Primary Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Nader Shaikh
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sharon Tonner
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alike W. van der Velden
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Theo Verheij
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kay Wang
- Primary Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair D. Hay
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Francis
- Primary Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Joelsons D, Alencar CS, Pinho JRR, Ho YL. Investigation of etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients in a tertiary hospital of São Paulo City, Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2023; 27:103690. [PMID: 37972649 PMCID: PMC10709102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2023.103690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is the primary cause of hospitalization in the United States and the third leading cause of death in Brazil. The gold standard for diagnosing the etiology of CAP includes blood culture, Gram-stained sputum, and sputum culture. However, these methods have low sensitivity. No studies investigating the etiology of CAP have been conducted in Brazil in the last 20-years, and the empirical choice of antimicrobials is mainly based on the IDSA guidelines. This is the first national study with this aim, and as a result, there's potential for the Brazilian consensus to be impacted and possibly modify its guidelines rather than adhering strictly to the IDSA's recommendations. METHODS The aim of this study is to identify the main microorganisms implicated in CAP by employing a multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (mPCR) at the foremost public hospital in Brazil. All patients who were admitted to the emergency department and diagnosed with severe CAP underwent an mPCR panel using nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, with the aim of detecting 13 bacterial and 21 viral pathogens. RESULTS A total of 169 patients were enrolled in the study. The mPCR panel identified an etiological agent in 61.5% of patients, with viruses being the most common (42.01%), led by Rhinovirus, followed by Influenza and Coronavirus (non-SARS-CoV-2). Bacterial agents were identified in 34.91% of patients, with S. pneumoniae being the most common, followed by H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, and S. aureus. Additionally, we found that the prescription for 92.3% of patients could be modified, with most changes involving de-escalation of antibiotics and antiviral therapy. CONCLUSION Our study revealed different etiological causes of CAP than those suggested by the Brazilian guidelines. Using molecular diagnostic tests, we were able to optimize treatment by using fewer antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Joelsons
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina (HCFMUSP), Departamento e Divisão de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cecília Salete Alencar
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina (HCFMUSP), Laboratório de Medicina Laboratorial ‒ Divisão de Laboratório Central, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Renato Rebello Pinho
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina (HCFMUSP), Laboratório de Medicina Laboratorial ‒ Divisão de Laboratório Central, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yeh-Li Ho
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina (HCFMUSP), Departamento e Divisão de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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9
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Bessat C, Boillat-Blanco N, Albrich WC. The potential clinical value of pairing procalcitonin and lung ultrasonography to guide antibiotic therapy in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a narrative review. Expert Rev Respir Med 2023; 17:919-927. [PMID: 37766614 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2023.2254232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are among the most frequent infections and are prone to inappropriate antibiotic treatments. This results from a limited accuracy of diagnostic tools in identifying bacterial pneumonia. Lung ultrasound (LUS) has excellent sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing pneumonia. Additionally, elevated procalcitonin (PCT) levels correlate with an increased likelihood of bacterial infection. LUS and PCT appear to be complementary in identifying patients with bacterial pneumonia who are likely to benefit from antibiotics. AREAS COVERED This narrative review aims to summarize the current evidence for LUS to diagnose pneumonia, for PCT to guide antibiotic therapy and the clinical value of pairing both tools. EXPERT OPINION LUS has excellent diagnostic accuracy for pneumonia in different settings, regardless of the examiner's experience. PCT guidance safely reduces antibiotic prescription in LRTIs. The combination of both tools has demonstrated an enhanced accuracy in the diagnosis of pneumonia, including CAP in the ED and VAP in the ICU, but randomized controlled studies need to validate the clinical impact of a combined approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Bessat
- Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Noémie Boillat-Blanco
- Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Werner C Albrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
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10
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Celli BR, Fabbri LM, Aaron SD, Agusti A, Brook RD, Criner GJ, Franssen FME, Humbert M, Hurst JR, Montes de Oca M, Pantoni L, Papi A, Rodriguez-Roisin R, Sethi S, Stolz D, Torres A, Vogelmeier CF, Wedzicha JA. Differential Diagnosis of Suspected Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations in the Acute Care Setting: Best Practice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:1134-1144. [PMID: 36701677 PMCID: PMC10161746 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202209-1795ci] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may suffer from acute episodes of worsening dyspnea, often associated with increased cough, sputum, and/or sputum purulence. These exacerbations of COPD (ECOPDs) impact health status, accelerate lung function decline, and increase the risk of hospitalization. Importantly, close to 20% of patients are readmitted within 30 days after hospital discharge, with great cost to the person and society. Approximately 25% and 65% of patients hospitalized for an ECOPD die within 1 and 5 years, respectively. Patients with COPD are usually older and frequently have concomitant chronic diseases, including heart failure, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, interstitial lung diseases, bronchiectasis, asthma, anxiety, and depression, and are also at increased risk of developing pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and pneumothorax. All of these morbidities not only increase the risk of subsequent ECOPDs but can also mimic or aggravate them. Importantly, close to 70% of readmissions after an ECOPD hospitalization result from decompensation of other morbidities. These observations suggest that in patients with COPD with worsening dyspnea but without the other classic characteristics of ECOPD, a careful search for these morbidities can help detect them and allow appropriate treatment. For most morbidities, a thorough clinical evaluation supplemented by appropriate clinical investigations can guide the healthcare provider to make a precise diagnosis. This perspective integrates the currently dispersed information available and provides a practical approach to patients with COPD complaining of worsening respiratory symptoms, particularly dyspnea. A systematic approach should help improve outcomes and the personal and societal cost of ECOPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartolome R. Celli
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leonardo M. Fabbri
- Section of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, and
| | - Shawn D. Aaron
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alvar Agusti
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Clínic Respiratori, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert D. Brook
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Gerard J. Criner
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Frits M. E. Franssen
- Department of Research and Education, CIRO, Horn, the Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Humbert
- Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Saclay and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 999, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - John R. Hurst
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Montes de Oca
- Universidad Central de Venezuela, School of Medicine, Centro Medico de Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Leonardo Pantoni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Papi
- Section of Respiratory Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Emergency Department, St. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Rodriguez-Roisin
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Clínic Respiratori, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sanjay Sethi
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Daiana Stolz
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research and
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Antoni Torres
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Clínic Respiratori, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats Acadèmia, Centre d’Investigació Biomèdica en Xarxa de Malalties Respiratòries, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claus F. Vogelmeier
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Giessen and Marburg, Philipps University of Marburg, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany; and
| | - Jadwiga A. Wedzicha
- Respiratory Division, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Rögnvaldsson KG, Bjarnason A, Ólafsdóttir IS, Helgason KO, Guðmundsson A, Gottfreðsson M. Adults with symptoms of pneumonia: a prospective comparison of patients with and without infiltrates on chest radiography. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023; 29:108.e1-108.e6. [PMID: 35872174 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most studies on patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) require confirmation of an infiltrate by chest radiography, but in practice admissions are common among patients with symptoms of pneumonia without an infiltrate (SPWI). The aim of this research was to compare clinical characteristics, microbial etiology, and outcomes among patients with CAP and SPWI. METHODS Adults suspected of CAP were prospectively recruited at Landspitali University Hospital over a 1-year period, 2018 to 2019. The study was population based. Those admitted with two or more of the following symptoms were invited to participate: temperature ≥38°C or ≤36°C, sweating, shaking/chills, chest pain, a new cough, or new onset of dyspnea. Primary outcome was mortality at 30 days and one year. RESULTS Six hundred twenty-five cases were included, 409 with CAP and 216 with SPWI; median age was 75 (interquartile range [IQR] 64-84) and 315 (50.4%) were females. Patients with CAP were more likely to have fever (≥38.0°C) (66.9% [273/408]) vs. 49.3% (106/215), p < 0.001), a higher CRP (median 103 [IQR 34-205] vs. 55 (IQR 17-103), p < 0.001), identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae (18.0% [64/355]) vs. 6.3% (10/159) of tested, p = 0.002) and to receive antibacterial treatment (99.5% [407/409]) vs. 87.5% (189/216), p < 0.001) but less likely to have a respiratory virus detected (25.4% [33/130]) vs. 51.2% (43/84) of tested, p < 0.001). The adjusted odds ratios for 30-day and 1 year mortality of SPWI compared to CAP were 0.86 (95% CI 0.40-1.86) and 1.46 (95% CI 0.92-2.32), respectively. DISCUSSION SPWI is a common cause of hospitalization and despite having fever less frequently, lower inflammatory markers, and lower detection rate of pneumococci than patients with CAP, mortality is not significantly different.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnar Bjarnason
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Inga Sif Ólafsdóttir
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Aðalsteinn Guðmundsson
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Magnús Gottfreðsson
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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12
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Wu X, Sun T, Cai Y, Zhai T, Liu Y, Gu S, Zhou Y, Zhan Q. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of immunocompromised patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia: A single-center retrospective cohort study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1070581. [PMID: 36875372 PMCID: PMC9975557 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1070581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunocompromised patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) warrant special attention because they comprise a growing proportion of patients and tend to have poor clinical outcomes. The objective of this study was to compare the characteristics and outcomes of immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients with SCAP, and to investigate the risk factors for mortality in these patients. Methods We conducted retrospective observational cohort study of patients aged ≥18 years admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of an academic tertiary hospital with SCAP between January 2017 and December 2019 and compared the clinical characteristics and outcomes of immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Results Among the 393 patients, 119 (30.3%) were immunocompromised. Corticosteroid (51.2%) and immunosuppressive drug (23.5%) therapies were the most common causes. Compared to immunocompetent patients, immunocompromised patients had a higher frequency of polymicrobial infection (56.6 vs. 27.5%, P < 0.001), early mortality (within 7 days) (26.1 vs. 13.1%, P = 0.002), and ICU mortality (49.6 vs. 37.6%, P = 0.027). The pathogen distributions differed between immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Among immunocompromised patients, Pneumocystis jirovecii and cytomegalovirus were the most common pathogens. Immunocompromised status (OR: 2.043, 95% CI: 1.114-3.748, P = 0.021) was an independent risk factor for ICU mortality. Independent risk factors for ICU mortality in immunocompromised patients included age ≥ 65 years (odds ratio [OR]: 9.098, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.472-56.234, P = 0.018), SOFA score [OR: 1.338, 95% CI: 1.048-1.708, P = 0.019), lymphocyte count < 0.8 × 109/L (OR: 6.640, 95% CI: 1.463-30.141, P = 0.014), D-dimer level (OR: 1.160, 95% CI: 1.013-1.329, P = 0.032), FiO2 > 0.7 (OR: 10.228, 95% CI: 1.992-52.531, P = 0.005), and lactate level (OR: 4.849, 95% CI: 1.701-13.825, P = 0.003). Conclusions Immunocompromised patients with SCAP have distinct clinical characteristics and risk factors that should be considered in their clinical evaluation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Capital Medical University, China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Cai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianshu Zhai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yijie Liu
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sichao Gu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Capital Medical University, China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
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13
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Efficacy of empiric macrolides versus fluoroquinolones in community-acquired pneumonia associated with atypical bacteria: A meta-analysis. Respir Med Res 2022; 82:100931. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2022.100931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Llor C, Moragas A, Ouchi D, Monfà R, Garcia-Sangenís A, Gómez-Lumbreras A, Pera H, Pujol J, Morros R. Effectiveness of antitussives, anticholinergics, and honey versus usual care in adults with uncomplicated acute bronchitis: a multiarm randomized clinical trial. Fam Pract 2022; 40:407-413. [PMID: 36239199 PMCID: PMC9619792 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmac112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the frequent use of symptomatic therapies in cough, evidence of their benefits is lacking. OBJECTIVE We compared the effectiveness of 3 symptomatic therapies and usual care in acute bronchitis. METHODS Multicenter, pragmatic, multiarm parallel group, open randomized trial in primary care (ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT03738917) was conducted in Catalonia. Patients ≥18 with uncomplicated acute bronchitis, with cough<3 weeks as the main symptom, scoring ≥4 in either daytime or nocturnal cough (7-point Likert scale), were randomized to usual care, dextromethorphan 15 mg t.i.d., ipratropium bromide inhaler 20 µg 2 puffs t.i.d, or 30 mg of honey t.i.d., all taken for up to 14 days. The main outcome measure was the number of days with moderate-to-severe cough. A symptom diary was given. A second visit was scheduled at days 2-3 for assessing evolution, with 2 more visits at days 15 and 29 for clinical assessment, evaluation of adverse effects, re-attendance, and complications. RESULTS We failed to achieve the sample size scheduled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We finally recruited 194 patients. The median number of days with moderate-to-severe cough (score ≥ 3) in the usual care arm was 5 (interquartile range [IQR], 4, 8.75), 5 in the ipratropium bromide arm (IQR, 3, 8), 5 in the dextromethorphan arm (IQR, 4, 9.75), and 6 in the honey arm (IQR, 3.5, 7). The same results were obtained in the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for the median survival time of each arm with the usual care as the reference group. CONCLUSION The symptomatic treatment evaluated has shown to be ineffective against cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Llor
- Department of Public Health, General Practice. University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Primary Care Research Institute Jordi Gol (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Via Roma Health Centre, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Moragas
- Primary Care Research Institute Jordi Gol (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Jaume I Health Centre, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain.,University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Dan Ouchi
- Primary Care Research Institute Jordi Gol (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain.,Plataforma SCReN, UICEC IDIAPJGol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Monfà
- Primary Care Research Institute Jordi Gol (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain.,Plataforma SCReN, UICEC IDIAPJGol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Garcia-Sangenís
- Primary Care Research Institute Jordi Gol (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Plataforma SCReN, UICEC IDIAPJGol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Gómez-Lumbreras
- Primary Care Research Institute Jordi Gol (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain.,Plataforma SCReN, UICEC IDIAPJGol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Pera
- Primary Care Research Institute Jordi Gol (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain.,Plataforma SCReN, UICEC IDIAPJGol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesus Pujol
- Balaguer Health Centre, Institut Català de la Salut, Balaguer, Spain
| | - Rosa Morros
- Primary Care Research Institute Jordi Gol (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Plataforma SCReN, UICEC IDIAPJGol, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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15
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Chen S, Kang Y, Li D, Li Z. Diagnostic performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for the detection of pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with pulmonary infections: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 122:867-873. [PMID: 35907477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of pathogens in patients with pulmonary infection has always been a major challenge in medicine. Compared with sputum and throat swabs, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) can better reflect the actual state in the lungs. However, there has not been a meta-analysis of the diagnostic efficacy of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in detecting pathogens in BALF from patients with pulmonary infections. METHODS Data sources were PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were estimated by using random-effects or fixed-effect models. Subgroup analysis was performed to reveal the effect of potential explanatory factors on the diagnostic performance measures. RESULTS The pooled sensitivity was 78% (95% confidence interval: 67-87%; I2 = 92%) and the pooled specificity was 77% (95% confidence interval: 64-94%; I2 = 74%) for mNGS. Subgroup analyses for the sensitivity of mNGS revealed that patients with pulmonary infections who were severely ill or immunocompromised significantly affected heterogeneity (P < 0.001). The positive detection rate of mNGS for pathogens in BALF of severely or immunocompromised pulmonary-infected patients was 92% (95% confidence interval: 78-100%). CONCLUSION mNGS has high diagnostic performance for BALF pathogens in patients with pulmonary infections, especially in critically ill or immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, China; School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutong Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, China; School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Abelenda-Alonso G, Rombauts A, Gudiol C, García-Lerma E, Pallarés N, Ardanuy C, Calatayud L, Niubó J, Tebé C, Carratalà J. Effect of positive microbiological testing on antibiotic de-escalation and outcomes in community-acquired pneumonia: A propensity score analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2022; 28:1602-1608. [PMID: 35809784 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The usefulness of routine microbiological testing for rationalizing antibiotic use in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) continues to be a subject of debate. We aim to determine the effect of positive microbiological testing on antimicrobial de-escalation and clinical outcomes in CAP. METHODS A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected cohort of non-immunosuppressed adults hospitalized with CAP was performed. The primary study outcome was antimicrobial de-escalation. Secondary outcomes included 30-day case-fatality rate, adverse events, and CAP recurrence. Adjustment for confounders, was performed by inverse probability weighting propensity score (IPW-PS), logistic regression and cause-specific Cox model. RESULTS Of 3677 patients with CAP, 1924 (52.3%) had any positive microbiological test. Antimicrobial de-escalation was performed in 648/1924 (33.7%) of patients with positive microbiological testing and in 179/1753 (10.2%) of those with non positive results. When propensity score was entered into the multivariate analysis, positive microbiological testing (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 2.59 (1.96 - 3.41) and clinical stability at day 3 (AOR 1.87; 1.45 - 2.10) were two of the main factors independently associated with antimicrobial de-escalation. After applying an adjusted cause-specific Cox model, antimicrobial de-escalation was not associated with a higher 30-day case-fatality rate (Adjusted Hazard Ratio [AHR] 0.44; 0.14 - 1.43), higher frequency of adverse events (AHR 0.77; 0.53 - 1.12) or CAP recurrence (AHR 0.77; 0.45 - 1.28). CONCLUSIONS Antimicrobial de-escalation was more often performed in hospitalized patients with CAP who had positive microbiological tests than in those with non positive results, and it did not adversely affect relevant clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Abelenda-Alonso
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexander Rombauts
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Gudiol
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona; Center for Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases Network (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | - Carmen Ardanuy
- University of Barcelona; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases Network (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Calatayud
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases Network (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Niubó
- Center for Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases Network (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Carratalà
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona; Center for Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases Network (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Ashy N, Alharbi L, Alkhamisi R, Alradadi R, Eljaaly K. Efficacy of erythromycin compared to clarithromycin and azithromycin in adults or adolescents with community-acquired pneumonia: A Systematic Review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Infect Chemother 2022; 28:1148-1152. [PMID: 35523718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is debatable whether erythromycin has similar efficacy to other macrolides in treating community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The aim of this meta-analysis is to compare the efficacy of erythromycin with clarithromycin and azithromycin. METHODS We performed this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of adults or adolescents with CAP which compared the efficacy of erythromycin monotherapy to either azithromycin or clarithromycin. We searched PubMed and EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases and three clinical trial registries up to November 02, 2021. We evaluated heterogeneity and used random-effects models to perform risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS We included four RCTs (total of 472 patients), which compared the clinical efficacy of erythromycin versus clarithromycin. No studies comparing monotherapy of erythromycin versus azithromycin were found. Erythromycin use was associated with significantly lower rates of clinical success (RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.98; P-value = 0.033; I2 = 20.27%), clinical cure (RR,0.67; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.92; P-value = 0.014; I2 = 8.75%), and radiological success (RR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.996; P-value = 0.045; I2 = 20.12%) than clarithromycin. CONCLUSION Erythromycin is less effective than clarithromycin as empiric treatment of CAP in adults and adolescents. Because of this and the higher rate of adverse reactions, erythromycin should not be used in the majority of CAP patients when azithromycin and clarithromycin are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Ashy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Layan Alharbi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Alkhamisi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rima Alradadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Eljaaly
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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18
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Jia S, She W, Pi Z, Niu B, Zhang J, Lin X, Xu M, She W, Liao J. Effectiveness of cascading time series models based on meteorological factors in improving health risk prediction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:9944-9956. [PMID: 34510340 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Meteorological factors, which are periodic and regular in a long run, have an unignorable impact on human health. Accurate health risk prediction based on meteorological factors is essential for optimal allocation of resource in healthcare units. However, due to the non-stationary and non-linear nature of the original hospitalization sequence, traditional methods are less robust in predicting it. This study aims to investigate hospital admission prediction models using time series pre-processing algorithms and deep learning approach based on meteorological factors. Using the electronic medical record data from Panyu Central Hospital and meteorological data of Panyu district from 2003 to 2019, 46,089 eligible patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and four meteorological factors were identified to build and evaluate the prediction models. A novel hybrid model, Cascade GAM-CEEMDAN-LSTM Model (CGCLM), was established in combination with generalized additive model (GAM), complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN), and long-short term memory (LSTM) networks for predicting daily admissions of patients with LRTIs. The experimental results show that CGCLM multistep method proposed in this paper outperforms single LSTM model in the prediction of health risk time series at different time window sizes. Moreover, our results also indicate that CGCLM has the best prediction performance when the time window is set to 61 days (RMSE = 1.12, MAE = 0.87, R2 = 0.93). Adequate extraction of exposure-response relationships between meteorological factors and diseases and suitable handling of sequence pre-processing have an important role in time series prediction. This hybrid climate-based model for predicting LRTIs disease can also be extended to time series prediction of other epidemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuopeng Jia
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, 211198, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weibin She
- Medical Affairs, Science and Education Department, Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, #3 Sanyou South Road, Chancheng District, Foshan, Guangdong Province, 52800, China
| | - Zhipeng Pi
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, China
| | - Buying Niu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, #639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Meteorological Bureau of Panyu District, #5 Landscape Avenue, Hengjiang village, Shatou Street, Panyu District, 511400, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xihan Lin
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, 211198, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mingjun Xu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, 211198, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weiya She
- Meteorological Bureau of Panyu District, #5 Landscape Avenue, Hengjiang village, Shatou Street, Panyu District, 511400, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Liao
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, #639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, China.
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19
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Fernández Fernández EP, Almirall J, Pere T, Roca J, Boixeda R. [Correlation between C reactive protein in capillary blood and in venous blood in lower respiratory tract infections]. Aten Primaria 2022; 54:102210. [PMID: 35033851 PMCID: PMC8762367 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2021.102210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordi Almirall
- Servicio Cuidados Intensivos Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, España
| | - Torán Pere
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord IDIAP Jordi Gol-ICS, España
| | - Josep Roca
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord IDIAP Jordi Gol-ICS, España
| | - Ramón Boixeda
- Servicio Medicina Interna Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, España
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20
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Abstract
Lefamulin is a novel antibiotic agent within the pleuromutilin derivative class approved for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) by the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Commission in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The objective of this article is to provide a summary of clinically relevant data underlying lefamulin and to provide recommendations for its place in therapy. In vitro data establish lefamulin's activity against a number of Gram-positive, Gram-negative and atypical organisms relevant in the treatment of CABP, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae. Two phase-3 studies, the Lefamulin Evaluation Against Pneumonia trials, established non-inferiority of lefamulin against moxifloxacin in the treatment of CABP, including the sequential transition from intravenous to oral therapy and across a broad set of patient demographics and severities. Pooled and post hoc analyses have confirmed these effects for a variety of subgroups and secondary endpoints. Real-world study data post-approval have largely not yet emerged for lefamulin, and there is a need for further investigation into safety/efficacy for off-label indications such as acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections and sexually transmitted infections. Further data regarding tolerability, particularly with long-term use, as well as the emergence of resistance over time, are still undefined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Covvey
- Division of Pharmaceutical, Administrative and Social Sciences, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthony J Guarascio
- Division of Pharmacy Practice, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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21
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Rejas J, Sicras-Mainar A, Sicras-Navarro A, Lwoff N, Méndez C. All-cause community acquired pneumonia cost by age and risk in real-world conditions of care in Spain. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2021; 22:853-867. [PMID: 34949148 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2022.2020649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND : Economic burden of Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is recognized. Few studies have documented such burden in adults stratified by age, risk status, and by care setting. Spanish data available is scarce. METHOD : A retrospective, multicenter study in seven regions of Spain (2017-2019) was conducted. Patients ≥18 years with a primary all-cause CAP episode diagnosis were identified. Episode-level variables included risk-stratum based on presence of an immunocompromising/chronic condition, age, number and length of hospitalized and outpatient episodes, and CAP-related healthcare costs/sick leaves were included. RESULTS : 7,108 episodes [mean age (SD): 59.2 (19.6), 50.42% male, 31.0% hospitalized] were analyzed. Low-risk group accounted for 47.7% of all CAP episodes, 31.5% moderate-risk and 20.8% high-risk. Pneumococcus was identified in 42.2% of cases. Mean CAP episode length was 22.9 days for hospitalized and 13.7 days for outpatient episode. Total healthcare cost for episode was higher in inpatient vs. outpatient: €3,955 vs. €511, p<0.001, with higher sick leave cost (€3,281 vs. €2,632, p<0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION : CAP required hospitalization cost is high regardless of age or comorbidities for the Spanish NHS. Given that almost half of the patients in this study did not have traditional risk factors for CAP, better preventative strategies should seriously be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rejas
- Health Economics and Outcomes Research Department, Pfizer, SLU, Alcobendas, Spain
| | | | | | - Nadia Lwoff
- Vaccines Medical Department, Pfizer, SLU, Alcobendas, Spain
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22
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Alem K. Prevalence of bacterial pneumonia among HIV-Seropositive patients in East Africa: Review. COGENT MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2021.2015883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kindu Alem
- Faculty of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
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23
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Rosyid AN, Endraswari PD, Kusmiati T, Puspitasari AD, Purba AKR, Effendi WI, Soedarsono, Nasronudin, Amin M. The spectrum of Cefditoren for Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTIs) in Surabaya. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885517666211220150412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Empirical antibiotics among outpatients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTIs) are scarcely allocated in Indonesia. The study aims to evaluate the pathogens causing LRTIs, drug sensitivity test and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 90% (MIC90) of Cefditoren, Azithromycin, Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid, and Cefixime
Methods:
The study was performed in adult outpatients with LRTI that can be expectorated. Patients with diabetes mellitus, HIV, lung tuberculosis, renal or hepatic failure, and hemoptysis were excluded. We performed bacterial culture, antibiotic sensitivity, and MIC measurement of four antibiotics.
Results:
There were 126 patients with LRTIs, and 61 patients were eligible for the study. We identified 69 bacteria. We found Klebsiella pneumonia (n=16; 26.23%), Staphylococcus aureus (n=11; 18%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=8; 13.11%), Acinetobacter baumanii complex (n= 4; 6.55%), Streptococcus pneumonia (n=3; 4.9%) and others bacteria as causa of LRTI. Testing MIC90 of Cefditoren and three empiric antibiotics on LRTI found that Cefditoren has a lower MIC of 90 for K. pneumonia (0.97(2.04) µg.mL-1) and S. pneumonia (0.06(0.00)µg.mL-1) than other antibiotics, but almost the same as Cefixime ((0.05(0.16)µg.mL-1) and (0.38(0.17)µg.mL-1). MIC90 Cefditoren for S.aureus (3.18(3.54)µg.mL-1) and P.aeruginosa (9.2(3.53)µg.mL-1) is lower than Cefixime but higher than Azithromycin and Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid. Reference data MIC90 of Cefditoren for LRTI bacteria is lower than the other three oral empirical antibiotics.
Conclusions:
In vitro studies of an outpatient LRTI in Surabaya found gram-negative bacteria dominant. Cefditoren can inhibit K.pneumonia and S.pneumonia has lower MIC90 compared to other antibiotics. Cefditoren can inhibit gram-negative and positive bacteria causing LRTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfian Nur Rosyid
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga – Dr.Soetomo Hospital, Indonesia
| | - Pepy Dwi Endraswari
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga – Dr.Soetomo Hospital, Indonesia
| | - Tutik Kusmiati
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga – Dr.Soetomo Hospital, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Wiwin Is Effendi
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga – Dr.Soetomo Hospital, Indonesia
| | - Soedarsono
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga – Dr.Soetomo Hospital, Indonesia
| | - Nasronudin
- Universitas Airlangga Hospital; fIndonesian Society of Respirology, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Amin
- Universitas Airlangga Hospital; fIndonesian Society of Respirology, Indonesia
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24
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Rodríguez-Núñez N, Gude F, Lama A, Rábade C, Varela A, Abelleira R, Casal A, Riveiro V, Taboada M, Pose A, Valdés L. Health Indicators in Hospitalized Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia: A Comparison Between the First and Second Wave. Arch Bronconeumol 2021; 57:717-719. [PMID: 34970016 PMCID: PMC7986465 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Rodríguez-Núñez
- Pulmonology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Gude
- Epidemiology Department, Research Methods Group, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Adriana Lama
- Pulmonology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Rábade
- Pulmonology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alfonso Varela
- Directorate of Healthcare Processes, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Romina Abelleira
- Pulmonology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Casal
- Pulmonology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vanessa Riveiro
- Pulmonology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Taboada
- Anesthesiology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Pose
- Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis Valdés
- Pulmonology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Multidisciplinary Research Group on Pulmonology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Spain
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25
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Rodríguez-Núñez N, Gude F, Lama A, Rábade C, Varela A, Abelleira R, Casal A, Riveiro V, Taboada M, Pose A, Valdés L. Health Indicators in Hospitalized Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia: A Comparison Between the First and Second Wave. Arch Bronconeumol 2021; 57:717-719. [PMID: 34744252 PMCID: PMC8558389 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbr.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Rodríguez-Núñez
- Pulmonology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Gude
- Epidemiology Department, Research Methods Group, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain,Corresponding author
| | - Adriana Lama
- Pulmonology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Rábade
- Pulmonology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alfonso Varela
- Directorate of Healthcare Processes, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Romina Abelleira
- Pulmonology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Casal
- Pulmonology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vanessa Riveiro
- Pulmonology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Taboada
- Anesthesiology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Pose
- Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis Valdés
- Pulmonology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain,Multidisciplinary Research Group on Pulmonology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Spain
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26
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Incidence and Predictors of Thrombotic Complications in 4742 Patients with COVID-19 or Other Acute Infectious Respiratory Diseases: A Propensity Score-Matched Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214973. [PMID: 34768490 PMCID: PMC8584832 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A prothrombotic state, attributable to excessive inflammation, cytokine storm, hypoxia, and immobilization, is a feature of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Up to 30% of patients with severe COVID-19 remain at high risk of thromboembolic events despite anticoagulant administration, with adverse impact on in-hospital prognosis. METHODS We retrospectively studied 4742 patients with acute infectious respiratory disease (AIRD); 2579 were diagnosed to have COVID-19 and treated with heparin, whereas 2163 had other causes of AIRD. We compared the incidence and predictors of total, arterial, and venous thrombosis, both in the whole population and in a propensity score-matched subpopulation of 3036 patients (1518 in each group). RESULTS 271 thrombotic events occurred in the whole population: 121 (4.7%) in the COVID-19 group and 150 (6.9%) in the no-COVID-19 group (p < 0.001). No differences in the incidence of total (p = 0.11), arterial (p = 0.26), and venous (p = 0.38) thrombosis were found between the two groups after adjustment for confounding clinical variables and in the propensity score-matched subpopulation. Likewise, there were no significant differences in bleeding rates between the two groups. Clinical predictors of arterial thrombosis included age (p = 0.006), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.034), peripheral artery disease (p < 0.001), and previous stroke (p < 0.001), whereas history of solid cancer (p < 0.001) and previous deep vein thrombosis (p = 0.007) were associated with higher incidence of venous thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 treated with heparin do not seem to show significant differences in the cumulative incidence of thromboembolic events as well as in the incidence of arterial and venous thrombosis separately, compared with AIRD patients with different etiological diagnosis.
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27
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Clinical and radiological variants of lung damage in the infection caused by staphylococcus aureus. КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА 2021. [DOI: 10.17816/clinpract71642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the high level of modern technologies in the field of laboratory methods and imaging of the respiratory system, the problem of early and accurate differential diagnosis of inflammatory lung diseases remains important in practical medicine. It leads to improved treatment results and a reduction in the number of complications (pleural empyema, fistulas, mediastinitis, sepsis, etc.), and in some cases allows suspecting the presence of a primary purulent source in the body, such as that in the case of septic pulmonary embolism. The review covers the Staphylococcus aureus specifics as a pathogen of lung diseases, relevant epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features and imaging diagnostics of various types of inflammatory changes in the lungs with a focus on destruction.
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Efficacy of Empiric Antibiotic Coverage in Community-Acquired Pneumonia Associated with Each Atypical Bacteria: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194321. [PMID: 34640338 PMCID: PMC8509438 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefit of empiric coverage for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) for atypical bacteria is controversial. This meta-analysis purpose was to compare the clinical failure rate between adults who empirically received atypical coverage versus those who did not. We searched PubMed and EMBASE for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), comparing the clinical failure rate of CAP associated with individual atypical bacteria between adults who received empiric atypical coverage versus those who did not. Risk differences (RDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. Eight double-blind RCTs (65 patients with Legionella spp., 176 patients with M. pneumoniae, and 78 patients with C. pneumoniae) were included in the meta-analysis. The rate of clinical failure was significantly lower with empiric atypical coverage in CAP associated with Legionella spp. (RD, -42.6%; 95% CI, -69.8% to -15.4%; p-value = 0.002; I2 = 0%) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (RD, -9.5%; 95% CI, -18.9% to -0.1%; p-value = 0.048; I2 = 0%), but not with Chlamydia pneumoniae (RD, 7.1%; 95% CI, -9.0% to 23.1%; p-value = 0.390; I2 = 0%). This meta-analysis of RCTs found that empiric atypical coverage decreased the clinical failure rate of CAP associated with Legionella spp. and M. pneumoniae, but not with C. pneumoniae.
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29
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Ramdhani D, Kusuma SAF, Sediana D, Bima APH, Khumairoh I. Comparative study of cefixime and tetracycline as an evaluation policy driven by the antibiotic resistance crisis in Indonesia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18461. [PMID: 34531515 PMCID: PMC8445965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a serious threat that occurs globally in the health sector due to increased consumption of inappropriate antibiotics. Guidelines for prescribing antibiotics for ARTIs have been issued in general practice to promote rational antibiotic prescribing. This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of cefixime and tetracycline as a solution to improve monitoring of appropriate antibiotic use in the treatment of ARTIs. All stock isolates were rejuvenated first, and cultured on standard media and Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used for susceptibility testing in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute's (CLSI) recommendations. Identification of bacteria from a single isolate was carried out to determine which bacteria were resistant to cefixime and tetracycline. A total of 466 single isolates of bacteria were analyzed, which showed a percentage of resistance to cefixime 38.0%, and tetracycline 92.86%. Bacterial isolates were resistant to cefixime and tetracycilne was a genus of Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, and bordetella. Cefixime compared to tetracycline was proven to be superior in terms of the effectiveness of ARIs treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Ramdhani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia.
| | - Sri Agung Fitri Kusuma
- Department of Biology Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Dede Sediana
- Pharmaceutical Division, Tasikmalaya City Health Office, Tasikmalaya, West Java Province, Indonesia
| | - A P Hilarius Bima
- Department of Biology Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Ika Khumairoh
- Department of Biology Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia
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30
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Simeon P, Godman B, Kalemeera F. Antibiotics' susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates causing lower respiratory tract infections in ICU patients at referral hospitals in Namibia. Hosp Pract (1995) 2021; 49:356-363. [PMID: 34436942 DOI: 10.1080/21548331.2021.1973825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a particular public health concern especially among sub-Saharan African countries. This is especially the case in Namibia, where LRTIs are currently the third leading cause of death, 300 deaths in children under 5 years of age. To reduce the burden of LRTIs on health systems and ensure appropriate patient management, it is critical to know the most prevalent pathogens leading to LRTIs and their susceptibility patterns in the local setting. Consequently, the objective of this study was to formulate cumulative antibiograms for Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of referral hospitals in Namibia to guide future antibiotic use. METHODS A retrospective analytical cross-sectional study was conducted over 2 years. The cumulative antibiograms were constructed in accordance with current guidelines. RESULTS A total of 976 first isolate cultures were obtained from ICUs of the different referral hospitals. K. pneumoniae (8.8%, 8.1%) was a predominant pathogen in Windhoek Central hospital ICU in 2017 and 2018. In Oshakati intermediate hospital ICU, Enterobacter sp. (22.2%) and P. aeruginosa (37.5%) were the common pathogens in 2017 and 2018, respectively. A. baumannii isolates were >90% susceptibility to colistin, carbapenems, and tigecycline in 2017. In 2017, K. pneumoniae isolates were more susceptible to carbapenems (94% and 93.8% among isolates), amikacin (89.3%), and tigecycline (88.7%). In 2018, K. pneumoniae isolates were 100% susceptible amikacin, colistin, and carbapenems. S. maltophilia isolates were more than 80% susceptible to all the tested antibiotics. S. aureus isolates were 100% susceptible to linezolid, rifampicin, teicoplanin, and vancomycin in 2017 and in 2018. Its susceptibility to these antibiotics did not change. CONCLUSION The susceptibility patterns of the common isolated gram-negative pathogens were highly variable. Meropenem in combination with gentamicin is now the recommended antibiotic combination for empiric therapy for patients with LRTIs in Windhoek Central Hospital ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Simeon
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Brian Godman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.,Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Francis Kalemeera
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
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Mazzola M, Pugliese NR, Zavagli M, De Biase N, Bandini G, Barbarisi G, D'Angelo G, Sollazzo M, Piazzai C, David S, Masi S, Moggi-Pignone A, Gargani L. Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Lung Ultrasound B-Lines in Acute Heart Failure With Concomitant Pneumonia. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:693912. [PMID: 34490365 PMCID: PMC8416771 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.693912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the potential confounding effect of concomitant pneumonia (PNM) on lung ultrasound (LUS) B-lines in acute heart failure (AHF). Methods: We enrolled 86 AHF patients with (31 pts, AHF/PNM) and without (55 pts, AHF) concomitant PNM. LUS B-lines were evaluated using a combined antero-lateral (AL) and posterior (POST) approach at admission (T0), after 24 h from T0 (T1), after 48 h from T0 (T2) and before discharge (T3). B-lines score was calculated at each time point on AL and POST chest, dividing the number of B-lines by the number of explorable scanning sites. The decongestion rate (DR) was calculated as the difference between the absolute B-lines number at discharge and admission, divided by the number of days of hospitalization. Patients were followed-up and hospital readmission for AHF was considered as adverse outcome. Results: At admission, AHF/PNM patients showed no difference in AL B-lines score compared with AHF patients [AHF/PNM: 2.00 (IQR: 1.44–2.94) vs. AHF: 1.65 (IQR: 0.50–2.66), p = 0.072], whereas POST B-lines score was higher [AHF/PNM: 3.76 (IQR: 2.70–4.77) vs. AHF = 2.44 (IQR: 1.20–3.60), p < 0.0001]. At discharge, AL B-lines score [HR: 1.907 (1.097–3.313), p = 0.022] and not POST B-lines score was found to predict adverse events (AHF rehospitalization) after a median follow-up of 96 days (IQR: 30–265) in the overall population. Conclusions: Assessing AL B-lines alone is adequate for diagnosis, pulmonary congestion (PC) monitoring and prognostic stratification in AHF patients, despite concomitant PNM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Mazzola
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Martina Zavagli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicolò De Biase
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Bandini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Giorgia Barbarisi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Gennaro D'Angelo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michela Sollazzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Piazzai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Moggi-Pignone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Luna Gargani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
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Melchio R, Giamello JD, Testa E, Ruiz Iturriaga LA, Falcetta A, Serraino C, Riva P, Bracco C, Serrano Fernandez L, D'Agnano S, Leccardi S, Porta M, Fenoglio LM. RDW-based clinical score to predict long-term survival in community-acquired pneumonia: a European derivation and validation study. Intern Emerg Med 2021; 16:1547-1557. [PMID: 33428112 PMCID: PMC7797708 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An excess long-term mortality has been observed in patients who were discharged after a community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), even after adjusting for age and comorbidities. We aimed to derive and validate a clinical score to predict long-term mortality in patients with CAP discharged from a general ward. In this retrospective observational study, we derived a clinical risk score from 315 CAP patients discharged from the Internal Medicine ward of Cuneo Hospital, Italy, in 2015-2016 (derivation cohort), which was validated in a cohort of 276 patients discharged from the pneumology service of the Barakaldo Hospital, Spain, from 2015 to 2017, and from two internal medicine wards at the Turin University and Cuneo Hospital, Italy, in 2017. The main outcome was the 18-month follow-up all-cause death. Cox multivariate analysis was used to identify the predictive variables and develop the clinical risk score in the derivation cohort, which we applied in the validation cohort. In the derivation cohort (median age: 79 years, 54% males, median CURB-65 = 2), 18-month mortality was 32%, and 18% in the validation cohort (median age 76 years, 55% males, median CURB-65 = 2). Cox multivariate analysis identified the red blood cell distribution width (RDW), temperature, altered mental status, and Charlson Comorbidity Index as independent predictors. The derived score showed good discrimination (c-index 0.76, 95% CI 0.70-0.81; and 0.83, 95% CI 0.78-0.87, in the derivation and validation cohort, respectively), and calibration. We derived and validated a simple clinical score including RDW, to predict long-term mortality in patients discharged for CAP from a general ward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo Melchio
- Department of Internal Medicine, A.O. S. Croce e Carle, Via Michele Coppino 26, 12100, Cuneo, CN, Italy.
| | - Jacopo Davide Giamello
- Department of Internal Medicine, A.O. S. Croce e Carle, Via Michele Coppino 26, 12100, Cuneo, CN, Italy
| | - Elisa Testa
- Department of Internal Medicine, A.O. S. Croce e Carle, Via Michele Coppino 26, 12100, Cuneo, CN, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Falcetta
- Department of Internal Medicine, A.O. S. Croce e Carle, Via Michele Coppino 26, 12100, Cuneo, CN, Italy
| | - Cristina Serraino
- Department of Internal Medicine, A.O. S. Croce e Carle, Via Michele Coppino 26, 12100, Cuneo, CN, Italy
| | - Piero Riva
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin - AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Christian Bracco
- Department of Internal Medicine, A.O. S. Croce e Carle, Via Michele Coppino 26, 12100, Cuneo, CN, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore D'Agnano
- Department of Internal Medicine, A.O. S. Croce e Carle, Via Michele Coppino 26, 12100, Cuneo, CN, Italy
| | - Stefano Leccardi
- Department of Internal Medicine, A.O. S. Croce e Carle, Via Michele Coppino 26, 12100, Cuneo, CN, Italy
| | - Massimo Porta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin - AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Luigi Maria Fenoglio
- Department of Internal Medicine, A.O. S. Croce e Carle, Via Michele Coppino 26, 12100, Cuneo, CN, Italy
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Validation of a Prediction Score for Drug-Resistant Microorganisms in Community-acquired Pneumonia. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021; 18:257-265. [PMID: 32915057 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202005-558oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Recommended initial empiric antimicrobial treatment covers the most common bacterial pathogens; however, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) may be caused by microorganisms not targeted by this treatment. Developed in 2015, the PES (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) score was developed in 2015 to predict the microbiological etiology of CAP caused by PES microorganisms.Objective: To validate the usefulness of the PES score for predicting PES microorganisms in two cohorts of patients with CAP from Valencia and Mataró.Methods: We analyzed two prospective observational cohorts of patients with CAP from Valencia and Mataró. Patients in the Mataró cohort were all admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU).Results: Of the 1,024 patients in the Valencia cohort, 505 (51%) had a microbiological etiology and 31 (6%) had a PES microorganism isolated. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.81 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.74-0.88). For a PES score ≥5, sensitivity, specificity, the negative and positive predictive values as well as the negative and positive likelihood ratios were 72%, 74%, 98%, 14%, 0.38, and 2.75, respectively. Of the 299 patients in the Mataró cohort, 213 (71%) had a microbiological etiology and 11 (5%) had a PES microorganism isolated. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.73 (95% CI 0.61-0.86). For a PES score ≥ 5, sensitivity, specificity, the negative and positive predictive values, and the negative and positive likelihood ratios were 36%, 83%, 96%, 11%, 0.77, and 2.09, respectively. The best cutoff for patients admitted to the ICU was 4 points, which improved sensitivity to 86%. The hypothetical application of the PES score showed high rates of overtreatment in both cohorts (26% and 35%, respectively) and similar rates of undertreatment.Conclusions: The PES score showed good accuracy in predicting the risk for microorganisms that required different empirical therapy; however, its use as a single strategy for detecting noncore pathogens could lead to high rates of overtreatment. Given its high negative predictive value, the PES score may be used as a first step of a wider strategy that includes subsequent advanced diagnostic tests.
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Yıldırım B, Biteker FS, Acar E, Demir A. Controlling Nutritional Status score: A novel prognostic marker for patients with community-acquired pneumonia. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1024907920923919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to investigate the prevalence and prognostic value of malnutrition assessed by Controlling Nutritional Status score in community-acquired pneumonia patients. Methods: All adult patients admitted to our emergency department and hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia were prospectively followed-up until hospital discharge or death. Nutritional status was assessed with the Controlling Nutritional Status score, which is based on serum albumin levels, total cholesterol levels, and lymphocyte counts. The primary study endpoint was complicated hospital course defined as need for mechanical ventilation, mortality, or intensive care unit admission. Results: Three hundred and five patients (mean age 68.6 ± 11.2 years and 51.8% female) were enrolled, and 40 patients (13.1%) had complicated hospitalizations. Older patients, patients with more comorbidities, and patients with higher Controlling Nutritional Status scores on admission were tended to have a higher rate of complications during their hospitalization. Multivariate analysis showed that older age (odds ratio 2.55, 95% confidence interval 1.41–4.64, p < 0.001), presence of diabetes (odds ratio 1.54; 95% confidence interval 1.09–3.65; p = 0.004), pneumonia severity index ⩾ 3 (odds ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval 0.524–3.725, p = 0.035), and Controlling Nutritional Status score > 4 (odds ratio 2.23, 95% confidence interval 1.129–3.657, p = 0.001) were independent predictors of complicated hospitalizations. Conclusion: Malnutrition determined by Controlling Nutritional Status score predicts complications in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birdal Yıldırım
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Funda Sungur Biteker
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Yatağan State Hospital, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Ethem Acar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Demir
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
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Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the prominent cause of mortality and morbidity with important clinical impact across the globe. India accounts for 23 per cent of global pneumonia burden with case fatality rates between 14 and 30 per cent, and Streptococcus pneumoniae is considered a major bacterial aetiology. Emerging pathogens like Burkholderia pseudomallei is increasingly recognized as an important cause of CAP in Southeast Asian countries. Initial management in the primary care depends on clinical assessment while the hospitalized patients require combinations of clinical scores, chest radiography and various microbiological and biomarker assays. This comprehensive diagnostic approach together with additional sampling and molecular tests in selected high-risk patients should be practiced. Inappropriate therapy in CAP in hospitalized patients lengthens hospital stay and increases cost and mortality. In addition, emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms poses tough challenges in deciding empirical as well as definitive therapy. Developing local evidence on the cause and management should be a priority to improve health outcomes in CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Kalwaje Eshwara
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jordi Rello
- Department of Critical Care, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Clinical Research & Innovation in Pneumonia and Sepsis, Barcelona, Spain
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Predictors of Treatment Outcomes among Pediatric Patients Hospitalized with Pneumonia in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2021; 2021:6690622. [PMID: 33987540 PMCID: PMC8079214 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6690622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pneumonia remains the leading cause of hospitalization and mortality in young children in low- and middle-income countries. This study is aimed to assess predictors of treatment outcomes among pediatric patients hospitalized with pneumonia in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among pediatric patients admitted with pneumonia, considering patient medical charts recorded for a 1-year period from February 2017 to February 2018. The sample size was computed based on a single population proportion formula and giving a total sample size of 207. The systematic random sampling method was employed to select patient cards from the sampling frame. The data extraction format was used to extract any relevant information from patient chart. The processed data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 21). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the patients' baseline characteristics and related information. The logistic regression model was fitted to determine factors associated with treatment outcomes. To identify predictors of poor treatment outcome, the level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results From a total of 207 patient charts reviewed, more than half (55.6%) of the study participants were males. Majority of patients, 130 (62.8%), were in the age range of 1 month–11 months. Furthermore, 191 (92.3%) patients had good treatment outcome. Patients who treated with ceftriaxone + azithromycin were less likely to have poor treatment outcome compared with patients who were placed on crystalline penicillin (AOR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.01–0.83). On the contrary, patients who stayed ≥ 8 days were about 14.3 times more likely to have poor treatment outcome compared with patients who stayed ≤ 3 days (AOR = 14.3, 95% CI 1.35–151.1). Conclusion Even though the study revealed good treatment outcome among the pediatric patients, particular consideration should be given to children in need of other interventions.
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Dinh A, Ropers J, Duran C, Davido B, Deconinck L, Matt M, Senard O, Lagrange A, Makhloufi S, Mellon G, de Lastours V, Bouchand F, Mathieu E, Kahn JE, Rouveix E, Grenet J, Dumoulin J, Chinet T, Pépin M, Delcey V, Diamantis S, Benhamou D, Vitrat V, Dombret MC, Renaud B, Perronne C, Claessens YE, Labarère J, Bedos JP, Aegerter P, Crémieux AC. Discontinuing β-lactam treatment after 3 days for patients with community-acquired pneumonia in non-critical care wards (PTC): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2021; 397:1195-1203. [PMID: 33773631 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shortening the duration of antibiotic therapy for patients admitted to hospital with community-acquired pneumonia should help reduce antibiotic consumption and thus bacterial resistance, adverse events, and related costs. We aimed to assess the need for an additional 5-day course of β-lactam therapy among patients with community-acquired pneumonia who were stable after 3 days of treatment. METHODS We did this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, non-inferiority trial (the Pneumonia Short Treatment [PTC]) in 16 centres in France. Adult patients (aged ≥18 years) admitted to hospital with moderately severe community-acquired pneumonia (defined as patients admitted to a non-critical care unit) and who met prespecified clinical stability criteria after 3 days of treatment with β-lactam therapy were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive β-lactam therapy (oral amoxicillin 1 g plus clavulanate 125 mg three times a day) or matched placebo for 5 extra days. Randomisation was done using a web-based system with permuted blocks with random sizes and stratified by randomisation site and Pneumonia Severity Index score. Participants, clinicians, and study staff were masked to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was cure 15 days after first antibiotic intake, defined by apyrexia (temperature ≤37·8°C), resolution or improvement of respiratory symptoms, and no additional antibiotic treatment for any cause. A non-inferiority margin of 10 percentage points was chosen. The primary outcome was assessed in all patients who were randomly assigned and received any treatment (intention-to-treat [ITT] population) and in all patients who received their assigned treatment (per-protocol population). Safety was assessed in the ITT population. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01963442, and is now complete. FINDINGS Between Dec 19, 2013, and Feb 1, 2018, 706 patients were assessed for eligibility, and after 3 days of β-lactam treatment, 310 eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive either placebo (n=157) or β-lactam treatment (n=153). Seven patients withdrew consent before taking any study drug, five in the placebo group and two in the β-lactam group. In the ITT population, median age was 73·0 years (IQR 57·0-84·0) and 123 (41%) of 303 participants were female. In the ITT analysis, cure at day 15 occurred in 117 (77%) of 152 participants in the placebo group and 102 (68%) of 151 participants in the β-lactam group (between-group difference of 9·42%, 95% CI -0·38 to 20·04), indicating non-inferiority. In the per-protocol analysis, 113 (78%) of 145 participants in the placebo treatment group and 100 (68%) of 146 participants in the β-lactam treatment group were cured at day 15 (difference of 9·44% [95% CI -0·15 to 20·34]), indicating non-inferiority. Incidence of adverse events was similar between the treatment groups (22 [14%] of 152 in the placebo group and 29 [19%] of 151 in the β-lactam group). The most common adverse events were digestive disorders, reported in 17 (11%) of 152 patients in the placebo group and 28 (19%) of 151 patients in the β-lactam group. By day 30, three (2%) patients had died in the placebo group (one due to bacteraemia due to Staphylococcus aureus, one due to cardiogenic shock after acute pulmonary oedema, and one due to heart failure associated with acute renal failure) and two (1%) in the β-lactam group (due to pneumonia recurrence and possible acute pulmonary oedema). INTERPRETATION Among patients admitted to hospital with community-acquired pneumonia who met clinical stability criteria, discontinuing β-lactam treatment after 3 days was non-inferior to 8 days of treatment. These findings could allow substantial reduction of antibiotic consumption. FUNDING French Ministry of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Dinh
- Infectious Disease Unit, Raymond-Poincaré University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Saclay University, Garches, France.
| | - Jacques Ropers
- Clinical research unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Clara Duran
- Infectious Disease Unit, Raymond-Poincaré University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Saclay University, Garches, France
| | - Benjamin Davido
- Infectious Disease Unit, Raymond-Poincaré University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Saclay University, Garches, France
| | - Laurène Deconinck
- Infectious Disease Department, Bichat University Hospital, AP-HP, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Morgan Matt
- Infectious Disease Unit, Raymond-Poincaré University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Saclay University, Garches, France
| | - Olivia Senard
- Infectious Disease Department, Marne La Vallée Hospital, GHEF, Marne La Vallée, France
| | | | - Sabrina Makhloufi
- Infectious Disease Unit, Raymond-Poincaré University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Saclay University, Garches, France
| | - Guillaume Mellon
- Infectious Disease Unit, Raymond-Poincaré University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Saclay University, Garches, France
| | - Victoire de Lastours
- Internal Medicine Department, Beaujon University Hospital, AP-HP, University of Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Frédérique Bouchand
- Pharmacy, Raymond-Poincaré University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Saclay University, Garches, France
| | | | - Jean-Emmanuel Kahn
- Internal Medicine Department, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Saclay University, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Elisabeth Rouveix
- Internal Medicine Department, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Saclay University, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Julie Grenet
- Emergency Department, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Saclay University, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Jennifer Dumoulin
- Pneumology Department, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Saclay University, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Thierry Chinet
- Pneumology Department, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Saclay University, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Marion Pépin
- Geriatric Department, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Saclay University, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Véronique Delcey
- Internal Medicine Department, Lariboisière Hospital, AP-HP, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Daniel Benhamou
- Pneumology Department, Bois-Guillaume University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | | | - Marie-Christine Dombret
- Pneumology Department, Bichat University Hospital, AP-HP, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Renaud
- Emergency Department, Cochin University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Centre University, Paris, France
| | - Christian Perronne
- Infectious Disease Unit, Raymond-Poincaré University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Saclay University, Garches, France
| | | | - José Labarère
- Quality of Care Unit, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Philippe Aegerter
- UMRS 1169 VIMA, INSERM, Versailles Saint-Quentin University, Versailles, France
| | - Anne-Claude Crémieux
- Infectious Disease Department, Saint-Louis University Hospital, AP-HP, University of Paris, Paris, France
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Zaicev AA, Sinopalnikov AI. "Difficult" pneumonia. TERAPEVT ARKH 2021; 93:300-310. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.03.200734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The article considers the issues of therapeutic management of patients with so-called difficult pneumonia, particularly, patients with diagnosed syndrome slowly resolving / nonresolving pneumonia, who do not respond to the treatment. The reasons and significant risk factors potentially affecting the effectiveness of therapy are analyzed, the therapeutic tactics of managing patients with no response to treatment are considered, the list of necessary diagnostic methods and directions of antibiotic therapy is updated. The article analyses the tactics of managing patients with pneumonia during a pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. It also provides directions of diagnostics with priority discussion of biological markers of the inflammatory response as well as antimicrobial therapy strategy.
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Canonne AM, Menard M, Maurey C, Benchrekroun G, Fernandes Rodrigues N, Billen F, Clercx C. Comparison of C-reactive protein concentrations in dogs with Bordetella bronchiseptica infection and aspiration bronchopneumonia. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1519-1524. [PMID: 33709444 PMCID: PMC8163113 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-reactive protein (CRP) is a well-known acute-phase protein in dogs that may discriminate bacterial bronchopneumonia from other pulmonary conditions. Bronchopneumonia caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) is common but the associated increase in CRP concentration in naturally infected dogs has not been fully explored. OBJECTIVE To compare CRP concentrations of dogs with Bb infection, with or without radiographic pulmonary lesions, to dogs with aspiration bronchopneumonia (ABP). ANIMALS Sixteen dogs with Bb infection and 36 dogs with ABP. METHODS Retrospective study. C-reactive protein concentrations and thoracic radiographs were available for each dog. RESULTS Eleven dogs with Bb infection had alveolar lesions. In all dogs, CRP concentration was mildly increased (14-38 mg/L). In the 5 dogs without alveolar lesions, CRP concentration was within the reference range in all but 1 dog, in which it was slightly increased. Median CRP concentration was significantly higher in dogs with alveolar lesions (20 mg/L) compared with dogs without alveolar lesions (5 mg/L; p < .002). In dogs with Bb infection, median duration of clinical signs was not different between dogs with normal CRP concentration and dogs with increased concentration. In dogs with Bb infection either with or without alveolar lessions, median CRP concentration was significantly lower (20 mg/L) than in dogs with ABP (118 mg/L; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE In contrast to dogs with APB, CRP was not a good marker for the diagnosis of dogs suspected to have bordetellosis. Confirmation of Bb infection still requires lower airway sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Morgane Canonne
- Department of Medicine, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Univ Paris Est Créteil, Maisons-Alfort, France.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Maud Menard
- Department of Medicine, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Univ Paris Est Créteil, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Christelle Maurey
- Department of Medicine, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Univ Paris Est Créteil, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Ghita Benchrekroun
- Department of Medicine, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Univ Paris Est Créteil, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nina Fernandes Rodrigues
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Billen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cecile Clercx
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Gude-Sampedro F, Fernández-Merino C, Ferreiro L, Lado-Baleato Ó, Espasandín-Domínguez J, Hervada X, Cadarso CM, Valdés L. Development and validation of a prognostic model based on comorbidities to predict COVID-19 severity: a population-based study. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:64-74. [PMID: 33349845 PMCID: PMC7799114 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of patients with COVID-19 infection is uncertain. We derived and validated a new risk model for predicting progression to disease severity, hospitalization, admission to intensive care unit (ICU) and mortality in patients with COVID-19 infection (Gal-COVID-19 scores). METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with COVID-19 infection confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in Galicia, Spain. Data were extracted from electronic health records of patients, including age, sex and comorbidities according to International Classification of Primary Care codes (ICPC-2). Logistic regression models were used to estimate the probability of disease severity. Calibration and discrimination were evaluated to assess model performance. RESULTS The incidence of infection was 0.39% (10 454 patients). A total of 2492 patients (23.8%) required hospitalization, 284 (2.7%) were admitted to the ICU and 544 (5.2%) died. The variables included in the models to predict severity included age, gender and chronic comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, liver disease, chronic kidney disease and haematological cancer. The models demonstrated a fair-good fit for predicting hospitalization {AUC [area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve] 0.77 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76, 0.78]}, admission to ICU [AUC 0.83 (95%CI 0.81, 0.85)] and death [AUC 0.89 (95%CI 0.88, 0.90)]. CONCLUSIONS The Gal-COVID-19 scores provide risk estimates for predicting severity in COVID-19 patients. The ability to predict disease severity may help clinicians prioritize high-risk patients and facilitate the decision making of health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gude-Sampedro
- Departamento de Epidemiología. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Grupo de Métodos de Investigación, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Fernández-Merino
- Grupo de Métodos de Investigación, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria. Centro de Saúde A Estrada. Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Lucía Ferreiro
- Servicio de Neumología. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Investigación en Neumología. Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Santiago (IDIS). Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Óscar Lado-Baleato
- Departamento de Estadística, Análisis Matemático y Optimización. Grupo Interdisciplinar de Bioestadística y Ciencia de Datos Biométricos (GRID-BDS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jenifer Espasandín-Domínguez
- Departamento de Epidemiología. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Xurxo Hervada
- Subdirección de Información sobre Saúde e Epidemioloxía. Dirección Xeral de Saúde Pública, Consellería de Sanidade, Xunta de Galicia. Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen M Cadarso
- Departamento de Estadística, Análisis Matemático y Optimización. Grupo Interdisciplinar de Bioestadística y Ciencia de Datos Biométricos (GRID-BDS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis Valdés
- Servicio de Neumología. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Investigación en Neumología. Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Santiago (IDIS). Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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41
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Lv DF, Ying QM, He YW, Liang J, Zhang JH, Lu BB, Qian GQ, Chu JG, Weng XB, Chen XQ, Mu QT. Differential diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia or influenza A pneumonia by clinical characteristics and laboratory findings. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23685. [PMID: 33576536 PMCID: PMC7891506 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pneumonia caused by the 2019 novel Coronavirus (COVID‐2019) shares overlapping signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, imaging features with influenza A pneumonia. We aimed to identify their clinical characteristics to help early diagnosis. Methods We retrospectively retrieved data for laboratory‐confirmed patients admitted with COVID‐19–induced or influenza A–induced pneumonia from electronic medical records in Ningbo First Hospital, China. We recorded patients' epidemiological and clinical features, as well as radiologic and laboratory findings. Results The median age of influenza A cohort was higher and it exhibited higher temperature and higher proportion of pleural effusion. COVID‐19 cohort exhibited higher proportions of fatigue, diarrhea and ground‐glass opacity and higher levels of lymphocyte percentage, absolute lymphocyte count, red‐cell count, hemoglobin and albumin and presented lower levels of monocytes, c‐reactive protein, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, serum creatinine. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that fatigue, ground‐glass opacity, and higher level of albumin were independent risk factors for COVID‐19 pneumonia, while older age, higher temperature, and higher level of monocyte count were independent risk factors for influenza A pneumonia. Conclusions In terms of COVID‐19 pneumonia and influenza A pneumonia, fatigue, ground‐glass opacity, and higher level of albumin tend to be helpful for diagnosis of COVID‐19 pneumonia, while older age, higher temperature, and higher level of monocyte count tend to be helpful for the diagnosis of influenza A pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Feng Lv
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Blood Transfusion, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Qi-Ming Ying
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yi-Wen He
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Ji-Hong Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Bei-Bei Lu
- Department of Environment and Occupational Health, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China
| | - Guo-Qing Qian
- Department of Infectious Disease, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jin-Guo Chu
- Department of General Practice, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xing-Bei Weng
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xue-Qin Chen
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Qi-Tian Mu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Transplantation, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
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Recio R, Lalueza A, Moral N, Pascual C, Muñoz M, Camacho J, Caso JM, Folgueira L. Lack of clinical significance for molecular detection of respiratory viruses in bronchoalveolar lavage samples. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4693-4703. [PMID: 33527417 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The clinical significance of molecular detection of respiratory viruses in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples is poorly defined. We performed an observational retrospective study including all patients who underwent a BAL procedure in our institution, regardless of the reason for bronchoscopy, from January 2015 to December 2018. Respiratory viruses were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction with a commercial multiplex panel, and a cell culture was performed to detect cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus. Positive results were correlated with clinical symptoms and patients' characteristics. Of 540 BAL samples analyzed, 113 (20.9%) were positive for any respiratory virus. Viral detection was significantly associated with respiratory symptoms (83.2% vs. 68.9%, p = .004) and radiological infiltrates (67.3% vs. 52.2%, p = .006). The most frequent viruses detected were rhinovirus (42/113, 37.2%), influenza virus (20/113, 17.7%), and parainfluenza virus (PIV) (16/113, 14.2%). Respiratory pathogens codetections were found in 51/113 (45.1%) BAL samples, including more than one virus (16/51, 31.4%), fungi (8/51, 15.7%), and bacteria (9/51, 17.6%). Viral detection was significantly higher in immunocompromised patients (26.5% vs. 16.9%; p = .022). PIV and human metapneumovirus were mostly observed in lung (50.0%, 8/16) and hemopoietic transplant recipients (25%, 2/8), respectively, with clinical repercussions. Our data underline that molecular diagnosis allows identification of viral agents as the etiology of respiratory infections; however, the high frequency of codetections hinders identification of the agent responsible for the current respiratory symptomatology. Immunocompromised patients are the target population in whom to investigate the presence of respiratory viruses in their BAL samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Recio
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute imas12, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Lalueza
- Biomedical Research Institute imas12, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Moral
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Consuelo Pascual
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Muñoz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Camacho
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Caso
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lola Folgueira
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute imas12, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Esposito S, Argentiero A, Gramegna A, Principi N. Mycoplasma pneumoniae: a pathogen with unsolved therapeutic problems. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:1193-1202. [PMID: 33544008 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1882420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the amount of new information, the most effective approach for the diagnosis and treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections is not established. In this narrative review the pharmacological options for macrolide-resistant (ML) M. pneumoniae infections in children are discussed. AREAS COVERED Despite significant improvement in the diagnosis and in the definition of diseases potentially associated with this pathogen, not all the problems related to M. pneumoniae infection are solved. True epidemiology of M. pneumoniae diseases and the real role of this pathogen in extra-respiratory manifestations is still unestablished. This reflects on therapy. It is not known whether antibiotics are really needed in all the cases, independently of severity and localization. The choice of antibiotic therapy is debated as it is not known whether ML resistance has clinical relevance. Moreover, not precisely defined is the clinical importance of corticosteroids for improvement of severe cases, including those associated with ML-resistant strains. EXPERT OPINION Improvement in M. pneumoniae identification is mandatory to reduce antibiotics overuse , especially in the presence of ML-resistant strains. Priority for future studies includes the evaluation of the true benefit of therapeutic approaches including corticosteroids in patients with severe CAP and in those with extra-respiratory M. pneumoniae diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Argentiero
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Gramegna
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Principi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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44
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Moberg AB, Jensen AR, Paues J, Magnus F. C-reactive protein influences the doctor's degree of suspicion of pneumonia in primary care: a prospective observational study. Eur J Gen Pract 2021; 26:210-216. [PMID: 33399009 PMCID: PMC7801023 DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2020.1852547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In primary care, the diagnosis of pneumonia is often based on history and clinical examination alone. However, a previous study showed that the general practitioner's degree of suspicion correlates well with findings on chest X-ray, when the C-reactive protein (CRP) value is known. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to investigate to what extent the physician's degree of suspicion is affected by the CRP level when community-acquired pneumonia is suspected in primary care. METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted at five primary health care centres in Sweden between October 2015 and December 2017. Adult patients (n = 266) consulting their health care centre with symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection, where the physician suspected pneumonia, were included consecutively. Anamnestic information and findings from clinical examination were documented in a case report form. All patients were tested for CRP. The physicians rated their degree of suspicion as 'unsure,' 'quite sure,' and 'sure' before and after the CRP result. RESULTS The degree of suspicion of pneumonia changed in 69% of the cases; most often to a lower degree (40%). In 28% of the cases, there was no longer any suspicion of pneumonia after CRP. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that CRP testing highly influences the physician's degree of suspicion of pneumonia in primary care and that it seems to be of most value when not sure of the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Moberg
- Kärna Primary Healthcare Centre, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Ravell Jensen
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Kungsgatan Primary Healthcare Centre, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jakob Paues
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Falk Magnus
- Kärna Primary Healthcare Centre, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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45
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Birru RL, Bein K, Wells H, Bondarchuk N, Barchowsky A, Di YP, Leikauf GD. Phloretin, an Apple Polyphenol, Inhibits Pathogen-Induced Mucin Overproduction. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000658. [PMID: 33216464 PMCID: PMC8163070 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Bacterial infection induces mucus overproduction, contributing to acute exacerbations and lung function decline in chronic respiratory diseases. A diet enriched in apples may provide protection from pulmonary disease development and progression. This study examined whether phloretin, an apple polyphenol, inhibits mucus synthesis and secretion induced by the predominant bacteria associated with chronic respiratory diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS The expression of mucus constituent mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) in FVB/NJ mice and NCI-H292 epithelial cells is analyzed. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi)-infected mice developed increased MUC5AC mRNA, which a diet containing phloretin inhibited. In NCI-H292 cells, NTHi, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased MUC5AC mRNA, which phloretin inhibited. Phloretin also diminished NTHi-induced MUC5AC protein secretion. NTHi-induced increased MUC5AC required toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and NADH oxidase 4 (NOX4) signaling and subsequent activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Phloretin inhibited NTHi-induced TLR4/NOX4 and EGFR/MAPK signaling, thereby preventing increased MUC5AC mRNA. EGFR activation can also result from increased EGFR ligand synthesis and subsequent ligand activation by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In NCI-H292 cells, NTHi increased EGFR ligand and MMP1 and MMP13 mRNA, which phloretin inhibited. CONCLUSIONS In summary, phloretin is a promising therapeutic candidate for preventing bacterial-induced mucus overproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel L Birru
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Kiflai Bein
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Heather Wells
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Natalya Bondarchuk
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Aaron Barchowsky
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Yuanpu Peter Di
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - George D Leikauf
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
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Costa MI, Cipriano A, Santos FV, Valdoleiros SR, Furtado I, Machado A, Abreu M, Bastos HN. Clinical profile and microbiological aetiology diagnosis in adult patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. Pulmonology 2020; 28:358-367. [PMID: 33358259 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early introduction of appropriate antibiotherapy is one of the major prognostic-modifying factors in community acquired pneumonia (CAP). Despite established guidelines for empirical therapy, several factors may influence etiology and, consequently, antibiotic choices. The aims of this study were to analyze the etiology of CAP in adults admitted to a northern Portugal University Hospital and evaluate the yield of the different methods used to reach an etiological diagnosis, as well as analyze of the impact of patient demographic and clinical features on CAP etiology. We retrospectively analyzed 1901 cases of CAP with hospitalization. The diagnostic performance increased significantly when blood and sputum cultures were combined with urinary antigen tests. The most frequent etiological agent was Streptococcus pneumoniae (45.7%), except in August, when it was overtaken by gram-negative bacilli (GNB) and Legionella pneumophila infections. Viral infections were almost exclusive to winter and spring. A negative microbiological result was associated with increasing age, non-smoking and lack of both blood/sputum cultures. Younger age was a predictor for S. pneumoniae, Influenza and L. pneumophila infections. Active smoking without any previously known respiratory disease was a risk factor for legionellosis. COPD was associated with Haemophilus influenzae cases, while dementia was typical in GNB and S. aureus patients. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart disease were negative predictors of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae, respectively. P. aeruginosa was an independent risk factor for mortality (OR 13.02, 95% CI 2.94-57.7). This study highlights the importance of a comprehensive microbiological diagnostic workup and provides clues to predicting the most probable CAP causative agents, based on a patient's clinical profile. These may be taken into account when establishing first line antibiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Costa
- Department of Pulmonology of Porto Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal.
| | - A Cipriano
- Department of Infectious Diseases of Porto Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - F V Santos
- Department of Infectious Diseases of Porto Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - S R Valdoleiros
- Department of Infectious Diseases of Porto Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - I Furtado
- Department of Infectious Diseases of Porto Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Machado
- Department of Internal Medicine of Porto Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Abreu
- Department of Infectious Diseases of Porto Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Univesity of Porto, Portugal
| | - H N Bastos
- Department of Pulmonology of São João Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; IBMC/i3S - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular/Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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47
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Development and validation of a clinical score to estimate progression to severe or critical state in COVID-19 pneumonia hospitalized patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19794. [PMID: 33188225 PMCID: PMC7666132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75651-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia is uncertain. Our objective was to establish a predictive model of disease progression to facilitate early decision-making. A retrospective study was performed of patients admitted with COVID-19 pneumonia, classified as severe (admission to the intensive care unit, mechanic invasive ventilation, or death) or non-severe. A predictive model based on clinical, laboratory, and radiological parameters was built. The probability of progression to severe disease was estimated by logistic regression analysis. Calibration and discrimination (receiver operating characteristics curves and AUC) were assessed to determine model performance. During the study period 1152 patients presented with SARS-CoV-2 infection, of whom 229 (19.9%) were admitted for pneumonia. During hospitalization, 51 (22.3%) progressed to severe disease, of whom 26 required ICU care (11.4); 17 (7.4%) underwent invasive mechanical ventilation, and 32 (14%) died of any cause. Five predictors determined within 24 h of admission were identified: Diabetes, Age, Lymphocyte count, SaO2, and pH (DALSH score). The prediction model showed a good clinical performance, including discrimination (AUC 0.87 CI 0.81, 0.92) and calibration (Brier score = 0.11). In total, 0%, 12%, and 50% of patients with severity risk scores ≤ 5%, 6–25%, and > 25% exhibited disease progression, respectively. A risk score based on five factors predicts disease progression and facilitates early decision-making according to prognosis.
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Crapis M, Venturini S, Della Siega P, Tonizzo M, Garlatti E, Rosa RD, Basso B, Pontoni E. Ceftobiprole and pneumonia in adults admitted to the emergency department is it time to assess a new therapeutic algorithm? J Chemother 2020; 33:174-179. [PMID: 32996844 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2020.1821486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ceftobiprole is an advance generation cephalosporin which has broad-spectrum bacterial activity (both against Gram-positive and negative pathogens) and was approved for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and non-ventilated hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in most European countries. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ceftobiprole in the treatment of pneumonia in a cohort of severely ill patients admitted to the emergency department (ED). METHODS 1-year observational retrospective mono-centric study. Were defined two primary endpoints: first, to evaluate the clinical cure at the test-of-cure (TOC); the second, to evaluate the early improvement, defined as a reduction of symptoms and inflammatory parameters 72 hours after the start of treatment. The secondary endpoint is to evaluate the reduction of antibiotic "burden" using ceftobiprole despite standard of care in severe hospital-acquired pneumonia. RESULTS During the study period, a total of 48 patients with severe pneumonia received ceftobiprole: twenty-two patients (45.8%) as empiric therapy, 9 (18.5%) as a de-escalation option from previous combination therapies, 13 patients (27.1%) as an escalation therapy from ceftriaxone or amoxicillin/clavulanate and four patients (8.3%) as a targeted therapy based on microbiological results. Ceftobiprole mean duration therapy was 10.2 days. Forty-six patients with severe pneumonia had an early clinical improvement 72 hours after the start of treatment (95.8%). In general, ceftobiprole was well tolerated; only one patient suspended the drug because of poor tolerability. The clinical cure at TOC was 85.4% and 30-days crude mortality was 10.4%. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that ceftobiprole is effective in severely ill patients with pneumonia at risk of poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Crapis
- Infectious Diseases Division, Santa Maria degli Angeli Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Sergio Venturini
- Infectious Diseases Division, Santa Maria degli Angeli Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Paola Della Siega
- Infectious Diseases Division, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Maurizio Tonizzo
- Internal Medicine, Santa Maria degli Angeli Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Elena Garlatti
- Internal Medicine, Santa Maria degli Angeli Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Rita De Rosa
- Microbiology, Santa Maria degli Angeli Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Barbara Basso
- Pharmacist, Santa Maria degli Angeli Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Elisa Pontoni
- Emergency Departements, Santa Maria degli Angeli Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
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Moberg AB, Kling M, Paues J, Fransson SG, Falk M. Use of chest X-ray in the assessment of community acquired pneumonia in primary care - an intervention study. Scand J Prim Health Care 2020; 38:323-329. [PMID: 32705941 PMCID: PMC7470159 DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2020.1794404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore if consequent use of chest X-ray (CXR), when the physician is not sure of the diagnosis of pneumonia after clinical examination and CRP-testing, favors a more restrictive prescribing of antibiotics. DESIGN This was an intervention study conducted between September 2015 and December 2017. SETTING Two intervention primary health care centers (PHCCs) and three control PHCCs in the southeast of Sweden. INTERVENTION All patients were referred for CXR when the physician´s suspicion of pneumonia was 'unsure', or 'quite sure' after CRP-testing. Control units managed patients according to their usual routine after clinical examination and CRP-testing. SUBJECTS A total of 104 patients were included in the intervention group and 81 patients in the control group. The inclusion criteria of the study were clinically suspected pneumonia in patients ≥18 years, with respiratory symptoms for more than 24 h. Main outcome measure: Antibiotic prescribing rate. RESULTS In the intervention group, 85% were referred for CXR and 69% were prescribed antibiotics, as compared to 26% and 77% in the control group. The difference in antibiotic prescribing rate was not statistically significant, unadjusted OR 0.68 [0.35-1.3] and adjusted OR 1.1 [CI 0.43-3.0]. A total of 24% of patients with negative CXR were prescribed antibiotics. CONCLUSION This study could not prove that use of CXR when the physician was not sure of the diagnosis of pneumonia results in lowered antibiotic prescribing rate in primary care. In cases of negative findings on CXR the physicians do not seem to rely on the outcome when it comes to antibiotic prescribing. Key Points Routine use of chest X-ray when the clinical diagnosis of pneumonia is uncertain has not been proven to result in lowered antibiotic prescribing rate. Physicians do not fully rely on chest X-ray outcome and to some extent prescribe antibiotics even if negative, when community-acquired pneumonia is suspected. Chest X-ray is already used in one out of four cases in routine primary care of pneumonia patients in Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Moberg
- Kärna Primary Healthcare Centre, Linköping, Sweden
- Kungsgatan Primary Healthcare Centre, Linköping, Sweden
- CONTACT Anna B Moberg Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, General Practice, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Moa Kling
- Kungsgatan Primary Healthcare Centre, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jakob Paues
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences and Department of Radiological Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sven Göran Fransson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, General Practice, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Falk
- Kärna Primary Healthcare Centre, Linköping, Sweden
- Kungsgatan Primary Healthcare Centre, Linköping, Sweden
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Di Pasquale M, Aliberti S, Mantero M, Gramegna A, Blasi F. Pharmacotherapeutic management of bronchial infections in adults: non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:1975-1990. [PMID: 32808825 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1793958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Effective management of both acute and chronic bronchial infections is mandatory due to their high frequency rate, the relevant morbidity and mortality and the significant burden to health care systems, especially with the aging of population. Bacteria are the main causative pathogens, followed by viruses, and less commonly by fungi. The clinical evaluation of new therapeutic associations is mandatory to cope with the increases in resistance, in association with better infection control and antimicrobial policies. AREAS COVERED The authors searched Medline for any article published in English language up until March 1, 2020 that concerns the treatment of acute exacerbations and chronic infections in chronic obstructive respiratory disease and bronchiectasis. EXPERT OPINION As acute exacerbations are a main common and detrimental event in patients with COPD and bronchiectasis, effective antimicrobial therapies and regimens should be optimized. The development of new molecules or combination regimens is vital to patients with severe and/or difficult-to-treat infections. Moreover, chronic infection control is mandatory in these patients to their improve quality of life, respiratory function and prognosis as well as for reducing health care costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Di Pasquale
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Mantero
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gramegna
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan, Italy
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