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Einbock A, Conen F. Frost-free zone on leaves revisited. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2407062121. [PMID: 38900794 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2407062121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Particular frost patterns on natural leaves had prompted Yao et al. [Y. Yao et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117, 6323-6329 (2020)] to investigate the underlying physics. Their work revealed why on corrugated surfaces ice forms on crests and dries out adjacent grooves. In the absence of frost, in contrast, grooves tend to constitute niches on a leaf where microorganisms are less limited by moisture than in other locations. Here, we show that microorganisms able to nucleate ice before it forms on crests can modify the frosting pattern to their advantage. This ability might drive in cold arid environments the association between certain microorganisms and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Einbock
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Franz Conen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
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2
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Kończak B, Wiesner-Sękala M, Ziembińska-Buczyńska A. The European trees phyllosphere characteristics and its potential in air bioremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123977. [PMID: 38621454 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The air pollution remediation is naturally carried out by plants. Their overground parts called phyllosphere are a type of a natural filter on which pollutants can be adsorb. Moreover, microbial communities living in phyllosphere perform a variety of biochemical processes removing also chemical pollutants. As their pollution is nowadays a burning issue especially for highly developed countries, the development of effective and ecological technologies for air treatment are of the utmost importance. The use of phyllosphere bacteria in the process of air bioremediation is a promising technology. This article reviews the role of phyllospheric bacteria in air bioremediation processes especially linked with the moderate climate plants. Research results published so far indicate that phyllosphere bacteria are able to metabolize the air pollutants but their potential is strictly determined by plant-phyllospheric bacteria interaction. The European tree species most commonly used for this purpose are also presented. The collected information filled the gap in the practical use of tree species in air bioremediation in the moderate climate zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kończak
- Department of Water Protection, Central Mining Institute - National Research Institute, Plac Gwarków 1, 40-166, Katowice, Poland.
| | - M Wiesner-Sękala
- Department of Water Protection, Central Mining Institute - National Research Institute, Plac Gwarków 1, 40-166, Katowice, Poland.
| | - A Ziembińska-Buczyńska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Power and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, str. Akademicka 2, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
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3
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Kunzler M, Schlechter RO, Schreiber L, Remus-Emsermann MNP. Hitching a Ride in the Phyllosphere: Surfactant Production of Pseudomonas spp. Causes Co-swarming of Pantoea eucalypti 299R. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2024; 87:62. [PMID: 38683223 PMCID: PMC11058625 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate the beneficial effect of surfactant-producing pseudomonads on Pantoea eucalypti 299R. We conducted a series of experiments in environments of increasing complexity. P. eucalypti 299R (Pe299R), and Pseudomonas sp. FF1 (Pff1) or Pe299R and surfactant-production deficient Pseudomonas sp. FF1::ΔviscB (Pff1ΔviscB) were co-inoculated in broth, on swarming agar plates, and on plants. In broth, there were no differences in the growth dynamics of Pe299R when growing in the presence of Pff1 or Pff1ΔviscB. By contrast, on swarming agar plates, Pe299R was able to co-swarm with Pff1 which led to a significant increase in Pe299R biomass compared to Pe299R growing with Pff1ΔviscB or in monoculture. Finally in planta, and using the single-cell bioreporter for reproductive success (CUSPER), we found a temporally distinct beneficial effect of Pff1 on co-inoculated Pe299R subpopulations that did not occur in the presence of Pff1ΔviscB. We tested three additional surfactant-producing pseudomonads and their respective surfactant knockout mutants on PE299R on swarming agar showing similar results. This led us to propose a model for the positive effect of surfactant production during leaf colonization. Our results indicate that co-motility might be common during leaf colonization and adds yet another facet to the already manyfold roles of surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kunzler
- Institute for Biology - Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise Straße 12-16, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudolf O Schlechter
- Institute for Biology - Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise Straße 12-16, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Botany, Bonn University, Kirschallee 1-3, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mitja N P Remus-Emsermann
- Institute for Biology - Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise Straße 12-16, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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4
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Zhang Y, Du Y, Zhang Z, Islam W, Zeng F. Unveiling the diversity, composition, and dynamics of phyllosphere microbial communities in Alhagi sparsifolia across desert basins and seasons in Xinjiang, China. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1361756. [PMID: 38591034 PMCID: PMC10999668 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1361756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Phyllosphere microbes residing on plant leaf surfaces for maintaining plant health have gained increasing recognition. However, in desert ecosystems, knowledge about the variety, composition, and coexistence patterns of microbial communities in the phyllosphere remains limited. This study, conducted across three basins (Turpan-TLF, Tarim-CL, and Dzungaria-MSW) and three seasons (spring, summer, and autumn) in Xinjiang, China, aimed to explore the diversity and composition of microbial communities in the phyllosphere, encompassing both bacteria and fungi in Alhagi sparsifolia. We also investigated the co-occurrence patterns, influencing factors, and underlying mechanisms driving these dynamics. Results indicate that phyllosphere bacteria exhibited lower diversity indices (ACE, Shannon, Simpson, Fisher phylogenetic diversity, and Richness) in spring compared to summer and autumn, while the Goods Coverage Index (GCI) was higher in spring. Conversely, diversity indices and GCI of phyllosphere fungi showed an opposite trend. Interestingly, the lowest level of multi-functionality and niche width in phyllosphere bacteria occurred in spring, while the highest level was observed in phyllosphere fungi. Furthermore, the study revealed that no significant differences in multi-functionality were found among the regions (CL, MSW, and TLF). Network analysis highlighted that during spring, phyllosphere bacteria exhibited the lowest number of nodes, edges, and average degree, while phyllosphere fungi had the highest. Surprisingly, the multi-functionality of both phyllosphere bacteria and fungi showed no significant correlation with climatic and environmental factors but displayed a significant association with the morphological characteristics and physicochemical properties of leaves. Structural Equation Model indicated that the morphological characteristics of leaves significantly influenced the multi-functionality of phyllosphere bacteria and fungi. However, the indirect and total effects of climate on multi-functionality were greater than the effects of physicochemical properties and morphological characteristics of leaves. These findings offer new insights into leaf phyllosphere microbial community structure, laying a theoretical foundation for vegetation restoration and rational plant resource utilization in desert ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zhang
- College of Ecology and Environmental, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, China
| | - Yi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, China
| | - Waqar Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, China
| | - Fanjiang Zeng
- College of Ecology and Environmental, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Nimsi KA, Arya H, Manjusha K, Kathiresan K. Multifarious plant growth-promoting traits of mangrove yeasts: growth enhancement in mangrove seedlings (Rhizophora mucronata) for conservation. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:192. [PMID: 38522061 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03913-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Plant Growth-Promoting Yeasts (PGPY) have garnered significant attention in recent years; however, research on PGPY from mangroves remains a largely unexplored frontier. This study, therefore, focused on exploring the multifaceted plant growth-promoting (PGP) capabilities of yeasts isolated from mangroves of Puthuvype and Kumbalam. The present work found that manglicolous yeasts exhibited diverse hydrolytic properties, with the predominance of lipolytic activity, in addition to other traits such as phosphate solubilization, and production of indole acetic acid, siderophore, ammonia, catalase, nitrate, and hydrogen cyanide. After screening for 15 PGP traits, three strains P 9, PV 23, and KV 35 were selected as the most potent ones. These strains also exhibited antagonistic activity against fungal phytopathogens and demonstrated resilience to abiotic stresses, making them not only promising biocontrol agents but also suited for field application. The potent strains P 9, PV 23, and KV 35 were molecularly identified as Candida tropicalis, Debaryomyces hansenii, and Aureobasidium melanogenum, respectively. The potential of these strains in enhancing the growth performance of mangrove seedlings of Rhizophora mucronata, was demonstrated using the pot-experiment. The results suggested that the consortium of three potent strains (P 9, PV 23, and KV 35) was more effective in increasing the number of shoot branches (89.2%), plant weight (87.5%), root length (83.3%), shoot height (57.9%) and total leaf area (35.1%) than the control seedlings. The findings of this study underscore the significant potential of manglicolous yeasts in contributing to mangrove conservation and restoration efforts, offering a comprehensive understanding of their diverse plant growth-promoting mechanisms and highlighting their valuable role in sustainable ecosystem management.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Nimsi
- Faculty of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kerala, 682506, India
| | - H Arya
- Faculty of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kerala, 682506, India
| | - K Manjusha
- Faculty of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kerala, 682506, India.
| | - K Kathiresan
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Center for Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, 608502, India
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Guo B, Zhang H, Liu Y, Chen J, Li J. Drought-resistant trait of different crop genotypes determines assembly patterns of soil and phyllosphere microbial communities. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0006823. [PMID: 37754752 PMCID: PMC10581042 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00068-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Crop microbiomes are widely recognized to play a role in crop stress resistance, but the ecological processes that shape crop microbiomes under water stress are unclear. Therefore, we investigated the bacterial communities of two oat (Avena sativa) and two wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes under different water stress conditions. Our results show that the microbial assemblage was determined by the crop compartment niche. Host selection pressure on the bacterial community increased progressively from soil to epiphyte to endophyte pathways, leading to a decrease in bacterial community diversity and network complexity. Source tracing shows that soil is the primary source of crop microbial communities and that bulk soil is the main potential source of crop microbiota. It filters gradually through the different compartment niches of the crop. We found that the phyla Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadota, and Myxococcota were significantly enriched in bacterial communities associated with crop-resistance enzyme activity. Crop genotype influenced the composition of the rhizosphere soil microbial community, and the composition of the phylloplane microbial community was affected by water stress. IMPORTANCE In this paper, we investigated the assembly of the plant microbiome in response to water stress. We found that the determinant of microbiome assembly under water stress was the host type and that microbial communities were progressively filtered and enriched as they moved from soil to epiphyte to endophyte communities, with the main potential source being bulk soil. We also screened for bacterial communities that were significantly associated with crop enzyme activity. Our research provides insights into the manipulation of microbes in response to crop resistance to water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baobei Guo
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Pomology Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianwen Chen
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Junjian Li
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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7
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Schlechter RO, Kear EJ, Bernach M, Remus DM, Remus-Emsermann MNP. Metabolic resource overlap impacts competition among phyllosphere bacteria. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:1445-1454. [PMID: 37355740 PMCID: PMC10432529 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The phyllosphere is densely colonised by microbial communities, despite sparse and heterogeneously distributed resources. The limitation of resources is expected to drive bacterial competition resulting in exclusion or coexistence based on fitness differences and resource overlap between individual colonisers. We studied the impact of resource competition by determining the effects of different bacterial colonisers on the growth of the model epiphyte Pantoea eucalypti 299R (Pe299R). Resource overlap was predicted based on genome-scale metabolic modelling. By combining results of metabolic modelling and pairwise competitions in the Arabidopsis thaliana phyllosphere and in vitro, we found that ten resources sufficed to explain fitness of Pe299R. An effect of both resource overlap and phylogenetic relationships was found on competition outcomes in vitro as well as in the phyllosphere. However, effects of resource competition were much weaker in the phyllosphere when compared to in vitro experiments. When investigating growth dynamics and reproductive success at the single-cell resolution, resource overlap and phylogenetic relationships are only weakly correlated with epiphytic Pe299R reproductive success, indicating that the leaf's spatial heterogeneity mitigates resource competition. Although the correlation is weak, the presence of competitors led to the development of Pe299R subpopulations that experienced different life histories and cell divisions. In some in planta competitions, Pe299R benefitted from the presence of epiphytes despite high resource overlap to the competitor strain suggesting other factors having stronger effects than resource competition. This study provides fundamental insights into how bacterial communities are shaped in heterogeneous environments and a framework to predict competition outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf O Schlechter
- Institute of Microbiology and Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand.
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand.
- Bioprotection Research Core, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand.
| | - Evan J Kear
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Michał Bernach
- Institute of Microbiology and Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Daniela M Remus
- Protein Science and Engineering, Callaghan Innovation, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mitja N P Remus-Emsermann
- Institute of Microbiology and Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand.
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand.
- Bioprotection Research Core, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand.
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Huang S, Zha X, Fu G. Affecting Factors of Plant Phyllosphere Microbial Community and Their Responses to Climatic Warming-A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2891. [PMID: 37631103 PMCID: PMC10458011 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Phyllosphere microorganisms are not only an important part of plants, but also an important part of microorganisms. In this review, the function of phyllosphere microorganisms, the assembly mechanism of phyllosphere microorganisms, the driving factors of phyllosphere microbial community structure, and the effects of climate warming on phyllosphere microbial community structure were reviewed. Generally, phyllosphere microorganisms have a variety of functions (e.g., fixing nitrogen, promoting plant growth). Although selection and dispersal processes together regulate the assembly of phyllospheric microbial communities, which one of the ecological processes is dominant and how external disturbances alter the relative contributions of each ecological process remains controversial. Abiotic factors (e.g., climatic conditions, geographical location and physical and chemical properties of soil) and biological factors (e.g., phyllosphere morphological structure, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and plant species and varieties) can affect phyllosphere microbial community structure. However, the predominant factors affecting phyllosphere microbial community structure are controversial. Moreover, how climate warming affects the phyllosphere microbial community structure and its driving mechanism have not been fully resolved, and further relevant studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolin Huang
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Xinjie Zha
- Xi’an University of Finance and Economics, Xi’an 710100, China;
| | - Gang Fu
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
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Palma-Salgado S, Ku KM, Juvik JA, Nguyen TH, Feng H. Artificial phylloplanes resembling physicochemical characteristics of selected fresh produce and their potential use in bacterial attachment/removal studies. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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10
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Chauviat A, Meyer T, Favre-Bonté S. Versatility of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: Ecological roles of RND efflux pumps. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14639. [PMID: 37089375 PMCID: PMC10113797 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
S. maltophilia is a widely distributed bacterium found in natural, anthropized and clinical environments. The genome of this opportunistic pathogen of environmental origin includes a large number of genes encoding RND efflux pumps independently of the clinical or environmental origin of the strains. These pumps have been historically associated with the uptake of antibiotics and clinically relevant molecules because they confer resistance to many antibiotics. However, considering the environmental origin of S. maltophilia, the ecological role of these pumps needs to be clarified. RND efflux systems are highly conserved within bacteria and encountered both in pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. Moreover, their evolutionary origin, conservation and multiple copies in bacterial genomes suggest a primordial role in cellular functions and environmental adaptation. This review is aimed at elucidating the ecological role of S. maltophilia RND efflux pumps in the environmental context and providing an exhaustive description of the environmental niches of S. maltophilia. By looking at the substrates and functions of the pumps, we propose different involvements and roles according to the adaptation of the bacterium to various niches. We highlight that i°) regulatory mechanisms and inducer molecules help to understand the conditions leading to their expression, and ii°) association and functional redundancy of RND pumps and other efflux systems demonstrate their complex role within S. maltophilia cells. These observations emphasize that RND efflux pumps play a role in the versatility of S. maltophilia.
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Liu X, Li Y, Micallef SA. Natural variation and drought-induced differences in metabolite profiles of red oak-leaf and Romaine lettuce play a role in modulating the interaction with Salmonella enterica. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 385:109998. [PMID: 36371998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Nutrients on produce surfaces are vital for successful enteric pathogen colonisation. In this study, we investigated natural variation in metabolite profiles of Romaine 'Parris Island Cos' and red oak-leaf lettuce 'Mascara' under regular and restricted watering conditions. We also investigated the impact of plant drought stress on the Salmonella - lettuce association. Salmonella Newport and Typhimurium were able to persist at higher levels on regularly watered Romaine than red oak-leaf lettuce. Drought treatment to lettuce impaired epiphytic Salmonella association, with S. Newport and Typhimurium being differentially affected. A higher log reduction of both serotypes was measured on drought-subjected red oak-leaf lettuce plants than controls, but S. Typhimurium was unaffected on water deficit-treated Romaine lettuce (p < 0.05). To assess Salmonella interaction with leaf surface metabolites, leaf washes collected from both cultivars were inoculated and found to be able to support S. Newport growth, with higher levels of Salmonella retrieved from Romaine washes (p < 0.05). The lag phase of S. Newport in washes from water restricted red oak-leaf lettuce was prolonged in relation to regularly-watered controls (p < 0.05). Untargeted plant metabolite profiling using electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS) revealed natural variation between Romaine and red oak-leaf lettuce profiles for leaf tissue and leaf washes. Metabolite profile shifts were detected in both lettuce types in response to drought stress, but more unique peaks were detected in red oak-leaf than Romaine lettuce after drought treatment. Variation between the two cultivars was in part attributed to naturally higher levels of flavonoids and anthocyanins in red oak-leaf lettuce compared to Romaine. Moreover, red oak-leaf, but not Romaine lettuce, responded to drought by inducing the accumulation of proline, phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Drought stress, therefore, enhanced the functional food properties of red oak-leaf lettuce. Salmonella growth dynamics in lettuce leaf washes suggested that natural variation and drought-induced changes in metabolite profiles in lettuce could partly explain the differential susceptibility of various lettuce types to Salmonella, although the primary or secondary metabolites mediating this effect remain unknown. Regulated mild water stress should be investigated as an approach to lower Salmonella contamination risk in suitable lettuce cultivars, while simultaneously boosting the health beneficial quality of lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Liu
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Shirley A Micallef
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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12
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Tang G, Xu L, Wang X, Zhang J. Effects of Leaf Morphological and Chemical Properties on the Population Sizes of Epiphytes. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:157-167. [PMID: 35037090 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-01963-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To explore the main factors affecting the distribution of microbes on leaf surfaces, the relationship between population sizes of epiphytes and the morphological structure and main physical and chemical properties of leaves from stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), maize (Zea mays), and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) were investigated. The research results showed that the contents of soluble sugar and total phenolics on the leaf surfaces were positively correlated with those in the leaf tissues (P < 0.001). The leaves with high wax content had better moisture retention capacity. The content of soluble sugar on the leaf surfaces was positively correlated with population sizes of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), aerobic bacteria, yeasts, and molds (P < 0.001). Likewise, a positive correlation was found between the content of inorganic phosphorus on the leaf surfaces and population sizes of LAB and aerobic bacteria. The total amount of wax on leaf surfaces was negatively related to population sizes of microbes, especially aerobic bacteria (P < 0.01) and molds (P < 0.001). On the contrary, the presence of trichomes provides a shelter for epiphytes and was positively correlated with population sizes of epiphytes at different degrees of significance. In conclusion, population sizes of epiphytes on the leaf surfaces were not only affected by chemical properties, but also by morphological traits of leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojian Tang
- South Pratacultural Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Liuxing Xu
- South Pratacultural Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- South Pratacultural Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- South Pratacultural Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Drummond JS, Rosado BHP. On the role of the phyllosphere community in leaf wettability and water shedding. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:7204-7207. [PMID: 36124627 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We explore the interplay among factors affecting leaf wettability and water shedding by discussing how the phyllosphere directly affects plant wettability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Drummond
- Ecology and Evolution Graduate Program (PPGEE), IBRAG, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), R. São Francisco Xavier 524, PHLC, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550900, Brazil
- Department of Ecology, IBRAG, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), R. São Francisco Xavier, 524, PHLC, Sala 220, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550900, Brazil
| | - Bruno H P Rosado
- Department of Ecology, IBRAG, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), R. São Francisco Xavier, 524, PHLC, Sala 220, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550900, Brazil
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Patra D, Mandal S. Non-rhizobia are the alternative sustainable solution for growth and development of the nonlegume plants. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-30. [PMID: 36471635 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2152623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The major research focus for biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) has mostly been on typical rhizobia with legumes. But the newly identified non-rhizobial bacteria, both individually or in combination could also be an alternative for nitrogen supplementation in both legumes and nonlegume plants. Although about 90% of BNF is derived from a legume - rhizobia symbiosis, the non-legumes specially the cereals lack canonical nitrogen fixation system through root-nodule organogenesis. The non-rhizobia may colonize in the rhizosphere or present in endophytic/associative nature. The non-rhizobia are well known for facilitating plant growth through their potential to alleviate various stresses (salt, drought, and pathogens), acquisition of minerals (P, K, etc.), or by producing phytohormones. Bacterial symbiosis in non-legumes represents by the Gram-positive Frankia having a major contribution in overall fortification of usable nitrogenous material in soil where they are associated with their hosts. This review discusses the recent updates on the diversity and association of the non-rhizobial species and their impact on the growth and productivity of their host plants with particular emphasis on major economically important cereal plants. The future application possibilities of non-rhizobia for soil fertility and plant growth enhancement for sustainable agriculture have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanwita Patra
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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15
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de Oliveira AA, Ramalho MDO, Moreau CS, Campos AEDC, Harakava R, Bueno OC. Exploring the diversity and potential interactions of bacterial and fungal endophytes associated with different cultivars of olive (Olea europaea) in Brazil. Microbiol Res 2022; 263:127128. [PMID: 35868260 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The olive crop has expanded in the southeastern region of South America, particularly in Brazil. Thus, the objectives of this study were to identify the diversity of endophytic microorganisms associated with olive leaves with culture-dependent and culture-independent methods, to explore which factors influence the composition and abundance of this microbial community, to identify the trophic mode of these fungi by FunGuild and, to verify type associations between bacterial and fungal communities. Leaf samples were collected from 93 plants in nine locations in the Brazilian states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. Leaves were first superficially disinfected before fungal isolation and next-generation metabarcoding sequencing was completed targeting the 16S rRNA regions for bacteria and ITS1 for fungi. In total, 800 isolates were obtained, which were grouped into 191 morphotypes and molecularly identified, resulting in 38 genera, 32 of which were recorded for the first time in cultivated olive trees in Brazil. For the isolated fungi, the most abundant trophic level was pathotrophic and for the culture-independent method was unidentified followed by symbiotrophic. The metabarcoding results revealed that factors such as plant age, altitudinal gradient, and geographic location can influence the microbial community of commercial olive plants, while the specific cultivar did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Aparecida de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP) - Institute of Biosciences - Campus Rio Claro, Department of General and Applied Biology. Center for Social Insect Studies, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil; Biological Institute of São Paulo - Vila Mariana, São Paulo, SP 04014-002, Brazil.
| | | | - Corrie Saux Moreau
- Cornell University, Department of Entomology, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Cornell University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Ricardo Harakava
- Biological Institute of São Paulo - Vila Mariana, São Paulo, SP 04014-002, Brazil
| | - Odair Correa Bueno
- São Paulo State University (UNESP) - Institute of Biosciences - Campus Rio Claro, Department of General and Applied Biology. Center for Social Insect Studies, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
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16
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Sahu KP, Kumar A, Sakthivel K, Reddy B, Kumar M, Patel A, Sheoran N, Gopalakrishnan S, Prakash G, Rathour R, Gautam RK. Deciphering core phyllomicrobiome assemblage on rice genotypes grown in contrasting agroclimatic zones: implications for phyllomicrobiome engineering against blast disease. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2022; 17:28. [PMID: 35619157 PMCID: PMC9134649 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-022-00421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With its adapted microbial diversity, the phyllosphere contributes microbial metagenome to the plant holobiont and modulates a host of ecological functions. Phyllosphere microbiome (hereafter termed phyllomicrobiome) structure and the consequent ecological functions are vulnerable to a host of biotic (Genotypes) and abiotic factors (Environment) which is further compounded by agronomic transactions. However, the ecological forces driving the phyllomicrobiome assemblage and functions are among the most understudied aspects of plant biology. Despite the reports on the occurrence of diverse prokaryotic phyla such as Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroides, and Actinobacteria in phyllosphere habitat, the functional characterization leading to their utilization for agricultural sustainability is not yet explored. Currently, the metabarcoding by Next-Generation-Sequencing (mNGS) technique is a widely practised strategy for microbiome investigations. However, the validation of mNGS annotations by culturomics methods is not integrated with the microbiome exploration program. In the present study, we combined the mNGS with culturomics to decipher the core functional phyllomicrobiome of rice genotypes varying for blast disease resistance planted in two agroclimatic zones in India. There is a growing consensus among the various stakeholder of rice farming for an ecofriendly method of disease management. Here, we proposed phyllomicrobiome assisted rice blast management as a novel strategy for rice farming in the future. RESULTS The tropical "Island Zone" displayed marginally more bacterial diversity than that of the temperate 'Mountain Zone' on the phyllosphere. Principal coordinate analysis indicated converging phyllomicrobiome profiles on rice genotypes sharing the same agroclimatic zone. Interestingly, the rice genotype grown in the contrasting zones displayed divergent phyllomicrobiomes suggestive of the role of environment on phyllomicrobiome assembly. The predominance of phyla such as Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes was observed in the phyllosphere irrespective of the genotypes and climatic zones. The core-microbiome analysis revealed an association of Acidovorax, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Clavibacter, Clostridium, Cronobacter, Curtobacterium, Deinococcus, Erwinia, Exiguobacterium, Hymenobacter, Kineococcus, Klebsiella, Methylobacterium, Methylocella, Microbacterium, Nocardioides, Pantoea, Pedobacter, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Serratia, Sphingomonas and Streptomyces on phyllosphere. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) method revealed distinct bacterial genera in blast-resistant and susceptible genotypes, as well as mountain and island climate zones. SparCC based network analysis of phyllomicrobiome showed complex intra-microbial cooperative or competitive interactions on the rice genotypes. The culturomic validation of mNGS data confirmed the occurrence of Acinetobacter, Aureimonas, Curtobacterium, Enterobacter, Exiguobacterium, Microbacterium, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, and Sphingomonas in the phyllosphere. Strikingly, the contrasting agroclimatic zones showed genetically identical bacterial isolates suggestive of vertical microbiome transmission. The core-phyllobacterial communities showed secreted and volatile compound mediated antifungal activity on M. oryzae. Upon phyllobacterization (a term coined for spraying bacterial cells on the phyllosphere), Acinetobacter, Aureimonas, Pantoea, and Pseudomonas conferred immunocompetence against blast disease. Transcriptional analysis revealed activation of defense genes such as OsPR1.1, OsNPR1, OsPDF2.2, OsFMO, OsPAD4, OsCEBiP, and OsCERK1 in phyllobacterized rice seedlings. CONCLUSIONS PCoA indicated the key role of agro-climatic zones to drive phyllomicrobiome assembly on the rice genotypes. The mNGS and culturomic methods showed Acinetobacter, Aureimonas, Curtobacterium, Enterobacter, Exiguobacterium, Microbacterium, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, and Sphingomonas as core phyllomicrobiome of rice. Genetically identical Pantoea intercepted on the phyllosphere from the well-separated agroclimatic zones is suggestive of vertical transmission of phyllomicrobiome. The phyllobacterization showed potential for blast disease suppression by direct antibiosis and defense elicitation. Identification of functional core-bacterial communities on the phyllosphere and their co-occurrence dynamics presents an opportunity to devise novel strategies for rice blast management through phyllomicrobiome reengineering in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuleshwar Prasad Sahu
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - A Kumar
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - K Sakthivel
- Division of Field Crop Improvement and Protection, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744101, India
| | - Bhaskar Reddy
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Asharani Patel
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Neelam Sheoran
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | - Ganesan Prakash
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rajeev Rathour
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176062, India
| | - R K Gautam
- Division of Field Crop Improvement and Protection, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744101, India
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17
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Yan K, Han W, Zhu Q, Li C, Dong Z, Wang Y. Leaf surface microtopography shaping the bacterial community in the phyllosphere: evidence from 11 tree species. Microbiol Res 2021; 254:126897. [PMID: 34710835 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Phyllosphere bacteria are an important component of environmental microbial communities and are closely related to plant health and ecosystem stability. However, the relationships between the inhabitation and assembly of phyllosphere bacteria and leaf microtopography are still obscure. In this study, the phyllosphere bacterial communities and leaf microtopographic features (vein density, stomatal length, and density) of eleven tree species were fully examined. Both the absolute abundance and diversity of phyllosphere bacterial communities were significantly different among the tree species, and leaf vein density dominated the variation. TITAN analysis showed that leaf vein density also played more important roles in regulating the relative abundance of bacteria than stomatal features, and 6 phyla and 62 genera of phyllosphere bacteria showed significant positive responses to leaf vein density. Moreover, LEfSe analysis showed that the leaves with higher vein density had more bacterial biomarkers. Leaf vein density also changed the co-occurrence pattern of phyllosphere bacteria, and the co-occurrence network demonstrated more negative correlations and more nodes on the leaves with larger leaf vein density, indicating that higher densities of leaf veins improved the stability of the phyllosphere bacterial community. Phylogenetic analysis showed that deterministic processes (especially homogeneous selection) dominated the assembly process of phyllosphere bacterial communities. The leaf vein density increased the degree of bacterial clustering at the phylogenetic level. Therefore, the inhabitation and assembly of the phyllosphere bacterial community are related to leaf microtopography, which provides deeper insight into the interaction between plants and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yan
- Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry Administration, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Wenhao Han
- Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry Administration, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Qiliang Zhu
- Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry Administration, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Chuanrong Li
- Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry Administration, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry Administration, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry Administration, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China.
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18
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Bashir I, War AF, Rafiq I, Reshi ZA, Rashid I, Shouche YS. Phyllosphere microbiome: Diversity and functions. Microbiol Res 2021; 254:126888. [PMID: 34700185 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Phyllosphere or aerial surface of plants represents the globally largest and peculiar microbial habitat that inhabits diverse and rich communities of bacteria, fungi, viruses, cyanobacteria, actinobacteria, nematodes, and protozoans. These hyperdiverse microbial communities are related to the host's specific functional traits and influence the host's physiology and the ecosystem's functioning. In the last few years, significant advances have been made in unravelling several aspects of phyllosphere microbiology, including diversity and microbial community composition, dynamics, and functional interactions. This review highlights the current knowledge about the assembly, structure, and composition of phyllosphere microbial communities across spatio-temporal scales, besides functional significance of different microbial communities to the plant host and the surrounding environment. The knowledge will help develop strategies for modelling and manipulating these highly beneficial microbial consortia for furthering scientific inquiry into their interactions with the host plants and also for their useful and economic utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Bashir
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Aadil Farooq War
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Iflah Rafiq
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zafar A Reshi
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Irfan Rashid
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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19
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Al Ashhab A, Meshner S, Alexander-Shani R, Dimerets H, Brandwein M, Bar-Lavan Y, Winters G. Temporal and Spatial Changes in Phyllosphere Microbiome of Acacia Trees Growing in Arid Environments. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:656269. [PMID: 34322096 PMCID: PMC8312645 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.656269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The evolutionary relationships between plants and their microbiomes are of high importance to the survival of plants in general and even more in extreme conditions. Changes in the plant's microbiome can affect plant development, growth, fitness, and health. Along the arid Arava, southern Israel, acacia trees (Acacia raddiana and Acacia tortilis) are considered keystone species. In this study, we investigated the ecological effects of plant species, microclimate, phenology, and seasonality on the epiphytic and endophytic microbiome of acacia trees. One hundred thirty-nine leaf samples were collected throughout the sampling year and were assessed using 16S rDNA gene amplified with five different primers (targeting different gene regions) and sequenced (150 bp paired-end) on an Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. Results: Epiphytic bacterial diversity indices (Shannon-Wiener, Chao1, Simpson, and observed number of operational taxonomic units) were found to be nearly double compared to endophyte counterparts. Epiphyte and endophyte communities were significantly different from each other in terms of the composition of the microbial associations. Interestingly, the epiphytic bacterial diversity was similar in the two acacia species, but the canopy sides and sample months exhibited different diversity, whereas the endophytic bacterial communities were different in the two acacia species but similar throughout the year. Abiotic factors, such as air temperature and precipitation, were shown to significantly affect both epiphyte and endophytes communities. Bacterial community compositions showed that Firmicutes dominate A. raddiana, and Proteobacteria dominate A. tortilis; these bacterial communities consisted of only a small number of bacterial families, mainly Bacillaceae and Comamonadaceae in the endophyte for A. raddiana and A. tortilis, respectively, and Geodematophilaceae and Micrococcaceae for epiphyte bacterial communities, respectively. Interestingly, ~60% of the obtained bacterial classifications were unclassified below family level (i.e., "new"). Conclusions: These results shed light on the unique desert phyllosphere microbiome highlighting the importance of multiple genotypic and abiotic factors in shaping the epiphytic and endophytic microbial communities. This study also shows that only a few bacterial families dominate both epiphyte and endophyte communities, highlighting the importance of climate change (precipitation, air temperature, and humidity) in affecting arid land ecosystems where acacia trees are considered keystone species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Al Ashhab
- Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada, Israel.,Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat Campus, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Michael Brandwein
- Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada, Israel.,Biofilm Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Gidon Winters
- Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada, Israel.,Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat Campus, Be'er Sheva, Israel
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20
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Biosurfactants Produced by Phyllosphere-Colonizing Pseudomonads Impact Diesel Degradation but Not Colonization of Leaves of Gnotobiotic Arabidopsis thaliana. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.00091-21. [PMID: 33608298 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00091-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactant production is a common trait in leaf surface-colonizing bacteria that has been associated with increased survival and movement on leaves. At the same time, the ability to degrade aliphatics is common in biosurfactant-producing leaf colonizers. Pseudomonads are common leaf colonizers and have been recognized for their ability to produce biosurfactants and degrade aliphatic compounds. In this study, we investigated the role of biosurfactants in four non-plant-pathogenic Pseudomonas strains by performing a series of experiments to characterize their surfactant properties and their role during leaf colonization and diesel degradation. The biosurfactants produced were identified using mass spectrometry. Two strains produced viscosin-like biosurfactants, and the other two produced massetolide A-like biosurfactants, which aligned with the phylogenetic relatedness between the strains. To further investigate the role of surfactant production, random Tn5 transposon mutagenesis was performed to generate knockout mutants. The knockout mutants were compared to their respective wild types with regard to their ability to colonize gnotobiotic Arabidopsis thaliana and to degrade diesel or dodecane. It was not possible to detect negative effects during plant colonization in direct competition or individual colonization experiments. When grown on diesel, knockout mutants grew significantly slower than their respective wild types. When grown on dodecane, knockout mutants were less impacted than during growth on diesel. By adding isolated wild-type biosurfactants, it was possible to complement the growth of the knockout mutants.IMPORTANCE Many leaf-colonizing bacteria produce surfactants and are able to degrade aliphatic compounds; however, whether surfactant production provides a competitive advantage during leaf colonization is unclear. Furthermore, it is unclear if leaf colonizers take advantage of the aliphatic compounds that constitute the leaf cuticle and cuticular waxes. Here, we tested the effect of surfactant production on leaf colonization, and we demonstrate that the lack of surfactant production decreases the ability to degrade aliphatic compounds. This indicates that leaf surface-dwelling, surfactant-producing bacteria contribute to degradation of environmental hydrocarbons and may be able to utilize leaf surface waxes. This has implications for plant-microbe interactions and future studies.
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21
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Lajoie G, Kembel SW. Host neighborhood shapes bacterial community assembly and specialization on tree species across a latitudinal gradient. ECOL MONOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Lajoie
- Département des sciences biologiques Université du Québec à Montréal 141, Avenue du Président‐Kennedy Montréal QuébecH2X 1Y4Canada
| | - Steven W. Kembel
- Département des sciences biologiques Université du Québec à Montréal 141, Avenue du Président‐Kennedy Montréal QuébecH2X 1Y4Canada
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22
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Chaudhry V, Runge P, Sengupta P, Doehlemann G, Parker JE, Kemen E. Shaping the leaf microbiota: plant-microbe-microbe interactions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:36-56. [PMID: 32910810 PMCID: PMC8210630 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aerial portion of a plant, namely the leaf, is inhabited by pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes. The leaf's physical and chemical properties, combined with fluctuating and often challenging environmental factors, create surfaces that require a high degree of adaptation for microbial colonization. As a consequence, specific interactive processes have evolved to establish a plant leaf niche. Little is known about the impact of the host immune system on phyllosphere colonization by non-pathogenic microbes. These organisms can trigger plant basal defenses and benefit the host by priming for enhanced resistance to pathogens. In most disease resistance responses, microbial signals are recognized by extra- or intracellular receptors. The interactions tend to be species specific and it is unclear how they shape leaf microbial communities. In natural habitats, microbe-microbe interactions are also important for shaping leaf communities. To protect resources, plant colonizers have developed direct antagonistic or host manipulation strategies to fight competitors. Phyllosphere-colonizing microbes respond to abiotic and biotic fluctuations and are therefore an important resource for adaptive and protective traits. Understanding the complex regulatory host-microbe-microbe networks is needed to transfer current knowledge to biotechnological applications such as plant-protective probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasvi Chaudhry
- Department of Microbial Interactions, IMIT/ZMBP, University of
Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul Runge
- Department of Microbial Interactions, IMIT/ZMBP, University of
Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
| | - Priyamedha Sengupta
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences
(CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Center for Molecular Biosciences, Cologne,
Germany
| | - Gunther Doehlemann
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences
(CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Center for Molecular Biosciences, Cologne,
Germany
| | - Jane E Parker
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences
(CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Center for Molecular Biosciences, Cologne,
Germany
| | - Eric Kemen
- Department of Microbial Interactions, IMIT/ZMBP, University of
Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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23
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Sun K, Sun H, Qiu Z, Liu Q. Comparative Analyses of Phyllosphere Bacterial Communities and Metabolomes in Newly Developed Needles of Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. at Four Stages of Stand Growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:717643. [PMID: 34650578 PMCID: PMC8505725 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.717643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Host-plant-associated bacteria affect the growth, vigor, and nutrient availability of the host plant. However, phyllosphere bacteria have received less research attention and their functions remain elusive, especially in forest ecosystems. In this study, we collected newly developed needles from sapling (age 5 years), juvenile (15 years), mature (25 years), and overmature (35 years) stands of Chinese fir [Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook]. We analyzed changes in phyllosphere bacterial communities, their functional genes, and metabolic activity among different stand ages. The results showed that phyllosphere bacterial communities changed, both in relative abundance and in composition, with an increase in stand age. Community abundance predominantly changed in the orders Campylobacterales, Pseudonocardiales, Deinococcales, Gemmatimonadales, Betaproteobacteriales, Chthoniobacterales, and Propionibacteriales. Functional predictions indicated the genes of microbial communities for carbon metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, antibiotic biosynthesis, flavonoids biosynthesis, and steroid hormone biosynthesis varied; some bacteria were strongly correlated with some metabolites. A total of 112 differential metabolites, including lipids, benzenoids, and flavonoids, were identified. Trigonelline, proline, leucine, and phenylalanine concentrations increased with stand age. Flavonoids concentrations were higher in sapling stands than in other stands, but the transcript levels of genes associated with flavonoids biosynthesis in the newly developed needles of saplings were lower than those of other stands. The nutritional requirements and competition between individual trees at different growth stages shaped the phyllosphere bacterial community and host-bacteria interaction. Gene expression related to the secondary metabolism of shikimate, mevalonate, terpenoids, tocopherol, phenylpropanoids, phenols, alkaloids, carotenoids, betains, wax, and flavonoids pathways were clearly different in Chinese fir at different ages. This study provides an overview of phyllosphere bacteria, metabolism, and transcriptome in Chinese fir of different stand ages and highlights the value of an integrated approach to understand the molecular mechanisms associated with biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Siviculture of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Tree Genetics, College of Forestry, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Honggang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Siviculture of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Honggang Sun
| | - Zonghao Qiu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China
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Xiang Q, Lott AA, Assmann SM, Chen S. Advances and perspectives in the metabolomics of stomatal movement and the disease triangle. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 302:110697. [PMID: 33288010 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Crops are continuously exposed to microbial pathogens that cause tremendous yield losses worldwide. Stomatal pores formed by pairs of specialized guard cells in the leaf epidermis represent a major route of pathogen entry. Guard cells have an essential role as a first line of defense against pathogens. Metabolomics is an indispensable systems biology tool that has facilitated discovery and functional studies of metabolites that regulate stomatal movement in response to pathogens and other environmental factors. Guard cells, pathogens and environmental factors constitute the "stomatal disease triangle". The aim of this review is to highlight recent advances toward understanding the stomatal disease triangle in the context of newly discovered signaling molecules, hormone crosstalk, and consequent molecular changes that integrate pathogens and environmental sensing into stomatal immune responses. Future perspectives on emerging single-cell studies, multiomics and molecular imaging in the context of stomatal defense are discussed. Advances in this important area of plant biology will inform rational crop engineering and breeding for enhanced stomatal defense without disruption of other pathways that impact crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Xiang
- Department of Biology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aneirin A Lott
- Department of Biology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA; Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, FL, USA
| | - Sarah M Assmann
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA; Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, FL, USA; Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Florida, FL, USA.
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Rosado BHP, Almeida LC. The Importance of Phyllosphere on Foliar Water Uptake. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:1058-1060. [PMID: 32951991 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno H P Rosado
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Ecology, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, PHLC, Sala 220, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 2550900, Brazil.
| | - Lidiane C Almeida
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Ecology, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, PHLC, Sala 220, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 2550900, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, PHLC, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 2550900, Brazil
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Favaro MA, Molina MC, Roeschlin RA, Gadea J, Gariglio N, Marano MR. Different Responses in Mandarin Cultivars Uncover a Role of Cuticular Waxes in the Resistance to Citrus Canker. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:1791-1801. [PMID: 32573348 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-20-0053-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
'Okitsu' is a mandarin cultivar showing substantial resistance to X. citri subsp. citri (X. citri). We have previously shown that this cultivar has significantly lower canker incidence and severity than 'Clemenules', particularly during early stages of leaf development in the field. This differential response is only seen when the leaves are inoculated by spraying, suggesting that leaf surface contributes to resistance. In this work, we have studied structural and chemical properties of leaf surface barriers of both cultivars. Ultrastructural analysis showed a thicker cuticle covering epidermal surface and guard cells in young 'Okitsu' leaves than in 'Clemenules'. This thicker cuticle was associated with a smaller stomatal aperture and reduced cuticle permeability. These findings correlated with an accumulation of cuticular wax components, including primary alcohols, alkanes, and fatty acids. None of these differences were observed in mature leaves, where both cultivars are equally resistant to the bacterium. Remarkably, mechanical alteration of cuticular thickness of young 'Okitsu' leaves allows canker development. Furthermore, cuticular waxes extracted from young 'Okitsu' leaves have higher antibacterial activity against X. citri than 'Clemenules'. Taken together, these data suggest that a faster development of epicuticular waxes in 'Okitsu' leaves play a central role in its resistance to X. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Favaro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Ocampo y Esmeralda S/N, S2000FHN Rosario, Argentina
- Área Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 590, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Kreder 2805, 3080 HOF Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María C Molina
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Ocampo y Esmeralda S/N, S2000FHN Rosario, Argentina
- Área Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 590, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina
| | - Roxana A Roeschlin
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Ocampo y Esmeralda S/N, S2000FHN Rosario, Argentina
- Área Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 590, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina
| | - José Gadea
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-CSIC, Ingeniero Fausto Elio, S/N, 46022 Valencia, España
| | - Norberto Gariglio
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Kreder 2805, 3080 HOF Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María R Marano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Ocampo y Esmeralda S/N, S2000FHN Rosario, Argentina
- Área Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 590, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina
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Berlanga-Clavero MV, Molina-Santiago C, de Vicente A, Romero D. More than words: the chemistry behind the interactions in the plant holobiont. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:4532-4544. [PMID: 32794337 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants and microbes have evolved sophisticated ways to communicate and coexist. The simplest interactions that occur in plant-associated habitats, i.e., those involved in disease detection, depend on the production of microbial pathogenic and virulence factors and the host's evolved immunological response. In contrast, microbes can also be beneficial for their host plants in a number of ways, including fighting pathogens and promoting plant growth. In order to clarify the mechanisms directly involved in these various plant-microbe interactions, we must still deepen our understanding of how these interkingdom communication systems, which are constantly modulated by resident microbial activity, are established and, most importantly, how their effects can span physically separated plant compartments. Efforts in this direction have revealed a complex and interconnected network of molecules and associated metabolic pathways that modulate plant-microbe and microbe-microbe communication pathways to regulate diverse ecological responses. Once sufficiently understood, these pathways will be biotechnologically exploitable, for example, in the use of beneficial microbes in sustainable agriculture. The aim of this review is to present the latest findings on the dazzlingly diverse arsenal of molecules that efficiently mediate specific microbe-microbe and microbe-plant communication pathways during plant development and on different plant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Berlanga-Clavero
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de Teatinos), Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Carlos Molina-Santiago
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de Teatinos), Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Antonio de Vicente
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de Teatinos), Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Diego Romero
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de Teatinos), Málaga, 29071, Spain
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Barlow DE, Biffinger JC, Estrella L, Lu Q, Hung CS, Nadeau LJ, Crouch AL, Russell JN, Crookes-Goodson WJ. Edge-Localized Biodeterioration and Secondary Microplastic Formation by Papiliotrema laurentii Unsaturated Biofilm Cells on Polyurethane Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:1596-1607. [PMID: 32026679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Painted environmental surfaces are prone to microbiological colonization with potential coating deterioration induced by the microorganisms. Accurate mechanistic models of these interactions require an understanding of the heterogeneity in which the deterioration processes proceed. Here, unsaturated biofilms (i.e., at air/solid interfaces) of the yeast Papiliotrema laurentii were prepared on polyether polyurethane (PEUR) and polyester-polyether polyurethane (PEST-PEUR) coatings and incubated for up to 33 days at controlled temperature and humidity with no additional nutrients. Transmission micro-Fourier transform infrared microscopy (μFTIR) confirmed preferential hydrolysis of the ester component by the biofilm. Atomic force microscopy combined with infrared nanospectroscopy (AFM-IR) was used to analyze initial PEST-PEUR coating deterioration processes at the single-cell level, including underlying surfaces that became exposed following cell translocation. The results revealed distinct deterioration features that remained localized within ∼10 μm or less of the edges of individual cells and cell clusters. These features comprised depressions of up to ∼300 nm with locally reduced ester/urethane ratios. They are consistent with a formation process initiated by enzymatic ester hydrolysis followed by erosion from water condensation cycles. Further observations included particle accumulation in the broader biofilm vicinity. AFM-IR spectroscopy indicated these to be secondary microplastics consisting of urethane-rich oligomeric aggregates. Overall, multiple contributing factors have been identified that can facilitate differential deterioration rates across the PEST-PEUR surface. Effects of the imposed nutrient conditions on Papiliotrema laurentii physiology were also apparent, with cells developing the characteristics of starvation response, despite the availability of polyester metabolites as a carbon source. The combined results provide new laboratory insights into field-relevant microbiological polymer deterioration mechanisms and biofilm physiology at polymer coating interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Barlow
- Chemistry Division , US Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , District of Columbia 20375 , United States
| | - Justin C Biffinger
- Chemistry Department , University of Dayton , 300 College Park , Dayton , Ohio 45469 , United States
| | - Luis Estrella
- Chemistry Division , US Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , District of Columbia 20375 , United States
| | - Qin Lu
- Chemistry Division , US Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , District of Columbia 20375 , United States
| | - Chia-Suei Hung
- Soft Matter Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate , Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson AFB , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Lloyd J Nadeau
- Soft Matter Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate , Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson AFB , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Audra L Crouch
- Soft Matter Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate , Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson AFB , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES, Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45432 , United States
| | - John N Russell
- Chemistry Division , US Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , District of Columbia 20375 , United States
| | - Wendy J Crookes-Goodson
- Soft Matter Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate , Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson AFB , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
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Chwil M, Kostryco M, Matraszek-Gawron R. Comparative studies on structure of the floral nectaries and the abundance of nectar production of Prunus laurocerasus L. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:1705-1726. [PMID: 31312908 PMCID: PMC6820602 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
There is very scanty information concerning the floral nectary structure and nectar secretion in Prunus laurocerasus L. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the micromorphology, anatomy and ultrastructure of nectaries; the abundance of nectar production; and the quantitative and qualitative composition of sugars contained in the nectar of two P. laurocerasus cultivars: 'Schipkaensis' and 'Zabeliana'. The nectary structure was studied using light, fluorescence, scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The nectar sugars were analysed with HPLC. The 'Schipkaensis' had longer inflorescences with a larger number of flowers and a longer perianth than 'Zabeliana'. The micromorphological structure of the nectaries in 'Schipkaensis' exhibited denser (approx. 39%) and larger (approx. 50%) stomata and thicker (approx. 13%) cuticular striae forming wider bands (approx. 26%) than in 'Zabeliana'. The results provide new data on the micromorphology, anatomy and ultrastructure of these floral nectaries. Nectary cuticle ornamentation as well as the size, type and density of stomata and stomatal complex topography can have a diagnostic value in Prunus. The nectar sugar weight indicates a significant apicultural value of the cherry laurel, especially in the case of 'Schipkaensis'. Cherry laurel is an entomophilous species recommended for cultivation in nectariferous zones and insect pollinator refuges; however, climatic conditions eliminating the invasiveness of these plants should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosława Chwil
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Kostryco
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Matraszek-Gawron
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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30
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The needle mycobiome of Picea glauca – A dynamic system reflecting surrounding environment and tree phenological traits. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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Oso S, Walters M, Schlechter RO, Remus-Emsermann MNP. Utilisation of hydrocarbons and production of surfactants by bacteria isolated from plant leaf surfaces. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5420820. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simisola Oso
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, 20 Kirkwood Avenue, Upper Riccarton, 8140 Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Walters
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, 20 Kirkwood Avenue, Upper Riccarton, 8140 Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Rudolf O Schlechter
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, 20 Kirkwood Avenue, Upper Riccarton, 8140 Christchurch, New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, 20 Kirkwood Avenue, Upper Riccarton, 8140 Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mitja N P Remus-Emsermann
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, 20 Kirkwood Avenue, Upper Riccarton, 8140 Christchurch, New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, 20 Kirkwood Avenue, Upper Riccarton, 8140 Christchurch, New Zealand
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Schlechter RO, Miebach M, Remus-Emsermann MNP. Driving factors of epiphytic bacterial communities: A review. J Adv Res 2019; 19:57-65. [PMID: 31341670 PMCID: PMC6630024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The physicochemistry of leaves is unique and is a major driver of leaf colonisation. Competition and cooperation may be major drivers of bacterial colonisation. Leaves respond to bacterial colonisation locally and systemically. How leaf responses shape bacterial colonisation patterns is unclear. Plant-microbe interaction should be studied at the micrometer resolution.
Bacteria establish complex, compositionally consistent communities on healthy leaves. Ecological processes such as dispersal, diversification, ecological drift, and selection as well as leaf surface physicochemistry and topology impact community assembly. Since the leaf surface is an oligotrophic environment, species interactions such as competition and cooperation may be major contributors to shape community structure. Furthermore, the plant immune system impacts on microbial community composition, as plant cells respond to bacterial molecules and shape their responses according to the mixture of molecules present. Such tunability of the plant immune network likely enables the plant host to differentiate between pathogenic and non-pathogenic colonisers, avoiding costly immune responses to non-pathogenic colonisers. Plant immune responses are either systemically distributed or locally confined, which in turn affects the colonisation pattern of the associated microbiota. However, how each of these factors impacts the bacterial community is unclear. To better understand this impact, bacterial communities need to be studied at a micrometre resolution, which is the scale that is relevant to the members of the community. Here, current insights into the driving factors influencing the assembly of leaf surface-colonising bacterial communities are discussed, with a special focus on plant host immunity as an emerging factor contributing to bacterial leaf colonisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf O Schlechter
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Moritz Miebach
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mitja N P Remus-Emsermann
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Berry ZC, Emery NC, Gotsch SG, Goldsmith GR. Foliar water uptake: Processes, pathways, and integration into plant water budgets. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:410-423. [PMID: 30194766 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nearly all plant families, represented across most major biomes, absorb water directly through their leaves. This phenomenon is commonly referred to as foliar water uptake. Recent studies have suggested that foliar water uptake provides a significant water subsidy that can influence both plant water and carbon balance across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Despite this, our mechanistic understanding of when, where, how, and to what end water is absorbed through leaf surfaces remains limited. We first review the evidence for the biophysical conditions necessary for foliar water uptake to occur, focusing on the plant and atmospheric water potentials necessary to create a gradient for water flow. We then consider the different pathways for uptake, as well as the potential fates of the water once inside the leaf. Given that one fate of water from foliar uptake is to increase leaf water potentials and contribute to the demands of transpiration, we also provide a quantitative synthesis of observed rates of change in leaf water potential and total fluxes of water into the leaf. Finally, we identify critical research themes that should be addressed to effectively incorporate foliar water uptake into traditional frameworks of plant water movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Carter Berry
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
| | - Nathan C Emery
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Sybil G Gotsch
- Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gregory R Goldsmith
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
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Rosado BHP, Almeida LC, Alves LF, Lambais MR, Oliveira RS. The importance of phyllosphere on plant functional ecology: a phyllo trait manifesto. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:1145-1149. [PMID: 29806957 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno H P Rosado
- Department of Ecology, IBRAG, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), R. São Francisco Xavier 524, PHLC, Sala 220, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lidiane C Almeida
- Department of Ecology, IBRAG, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), R. São Francisco Xavier 524, PHLC, Sala 220, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Ecology and Evolution Graduate Program, IBRAG, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), R. São Francisco Xavier 524, PHLC, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana F Alves
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marcio R Lambais
- Department of Soil Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, PO Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Durand A, Maillard F, Alvarez-Lopez V, Guinchard S, Bertheau C, Valot B, Blaudez D, Chalot M. Bacterial diversity associated with poplar trees grown on a Hg-contaminated site: Community characterization and isolation of Hg-resistant plant growth-promoting bacteria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 622-623:1165-1177. [PMID: 29890585 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Industrial waste dumps are rarely colonized by vegetation after they have been abandoned, indicating biological infertility. Revegetation of industrial tailings dumps is thus necessary to prevent wind erosion, metal leaching and has been shown to restore soil functions and ecosystem services. However, little is known about the microbial colonization and community structure of vegetated tailings following the application of restoration technologies. In this study, we investigated the rhizosphere and phyllosphere bacterial communities of a poplar tree plantation within a phytomanagement-based restoration program of a Hg-contaminated site. We used Illumina-based sequencing combined with culture-dependent approaches to describe plant-associated bacterial communities and to isolate growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and Hg-resistant bacteria. The genus Streptomyces was highly specific to the root community, accounting for 24.4% of the relative abundance but only representing 0.8% of the soil community, whereas OTUs from the Chloroflexi phylum were essentially detected in the soil community. Aboveground habitats were dominated by bacteria from the Deinococcus-Thermus phylum, which were not detected in belowground habitats. Leaf and stem habitats were characterized by several dominant OTUs, such as those from the phylum Firmicutes in the stems or from the genera Methylobacterium, Kineococcus, Sphingomonas and Hymenobacter in the leaves. Belowground habitats hosted more cultivable Hg-resistant bacteria than aboveground habitats and more Hg-resistant bacteria were found on the episphere than in endospheric habitats. Hg-resistant isolates exhibiting plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, when used as inoculants of Capsicum annuum, were shown to increase its root dry biomass but not Hg concentration. The N2-fixing and Hg-resistant species Pseudomonas graminis, observed in the poplar phyllosphere, may be a key microorganism for the restoration of industrial tailings dumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Durand
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Universitaire du Pays de Montbéliard, 4 place Tharradin, BP 71427, 25211 Montbéliard, France
| | - François Maillard
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Universitaire du Pays de Montbéliard, 4 place Tharradin, BP 71427, 25211 Montbéliard, France
| | - Vanessa Alvarez-Lopez
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Universitaire du Pays de Montbéliard, 4 place Tharradin, BP 71427, 25211 Montbéliard, France
| | - Sarah Guinchard
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Universitaire du Pays de Montbéliard, 4 place Tharradin, BP 71427, 25211 Montbéliard, France
| | - Coralie Bertheau
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Universitaire du Pays de Montbéliard, 4 place Tharradin, BP 71427, 25211 Montbéliard, France
| | - Benoit Valot
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Universitaire du Pays de Montbéliard, 4 place Tharradin, BP 71427, 25211 Montbéliard, France
| | - Damien Blaudez
- Université de Lorraine, UMR CNRS 7360 Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, BP 70239, 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Michel Chalot
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Universitaire du Pays de Montbéliard, 4 place Tharradin, BP 71427, 25211 Montbéliard, France; Université de Lorraine, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.
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Garay LA, Sitepu IR, Cajka T, Xu J, Teh HE, German JB, Pan Z, Dungan SR, Block DE, Boundy-Mills KL. Extracellular fungal polyol lipids: A new class of potential high value lipids. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:397-414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Ziv C, Zhao Z, Gao YG, Xia Y. Multifunctional Roles of Plant Cuticle During Plant-Pathogen Interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1088. [PMID: 30090108 PMCID: PMC6068277 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In land plants the cuticle is the outermost layer interacting with the environment. This lipophilic layer comprises the polyester cutin embedded in cuticular wax; and it forms a physical barrier to protect plants from desiccation as well as from diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the cuticle is not merely a passive, mechanical shield. The increasing research on plant leaves has addressed the active roles of the plant cuticle in both local and systemic resistance against a variety of plant pathogens. Moreover, the fruit cuticle also serves as an important determinant of fruit defense and quality. It shares features with those of vegetative organs, but also exhibits specific characteristics, the functions of which gain increasing attention in recent years. This review describes multiple roles of plant cuticle during plant-pathogen interactions and its responses to both leaf and fruit pathogens. These include the dynamic changes of plant cuticle during pathogen infection; the crosstalk of cuticle with plant cell wall and diverse hormone signaling pathways for plant disease resistance; and the major biochemical, molecular, and cellular mechanisms that underlie the roles of cuticle during plant-pathogen interactions. Although research developments in the field have greatly advanced our understanding of the roles of plant cuticle in plant defense, there still remain large gaps in our knowledge. Therefore, the challenges thus presented, and future directions of research also are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmit Ziv
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization – the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yu G. Gao
- The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ye Xia
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Ye Xia,
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Panchal S, Melotto M. Stomate-based defense and environmental cues. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1362517. [PMID: 28816601 PMCID: PMC5640185 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1362517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Environmental conditions play crucial roles in modulating immunity and disease in plants. For instance, many bacterial disease outbreaks occur after periods of high humidity and rain. A critical step in bacterial infection is entry into the plant interior through wounds or natural openings, such as stomata. Bacterium-triggered stomatal closure is an integral part of the plant immune response to reduce pathogen invasion. Recently, we found that high humidity compromises stomatal defense, which is accompanied by regulation of the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways in guard cells. Periods of darkness, when most stomata are closed, are effective in decreasing pathogen penetration into leaves. However, coronatine produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 cells can open dark-closed stomata facilitating infection. Thus, a well-known disease-promoting environmental condition (high humidity) acts in part by suppressing stomatal defense, whereas an anti-stomatal defense factor such as coronatine, may provide epidemiological advantages to ensure bacterial infection when environmental conditions (darkness and insufficient humidity) favor stomatal defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Panchal
- Molecular Mycology Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Maeli Melotto
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Flues S, Bass D, Bonkowski M. Grazing of leaf‐associated Cercomonads (Protists: Rhizaria: Cercozoa) structures bacterial community composition and function. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:3297-3309. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Flues
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of ZoologyUniversity of CologneZülpicher Straße 47bKöln 50674 Germany
| | - David Bass
- Department of Life SciencesThe Natural History MuseumCromwell RoadLondonSW7 5BD UK
- CefasBarrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB UK
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of ZoologyUniversity of CologneZülpicher Straße 47bKöln 50674 Germany
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Hong M, Peng G, Keyhani NO, Xia Y. Application of the entomogenous fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, for leafroller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) control and its effect on rice phyllosphere microbial diversity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:6793-6807. [PMID: 28695229 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Microbial pesticides form critical components of integrated pest management (IPM) practices. Little, however, is known regarding the impacts of these organisms on the indigenous microbial community. We show that Metarhizium anisopliae strain CQMa421 was highly effective in controlling the rice leafroller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee. In addition, M. anisopliae distribution and its effects on phyllosphere microbial diversity after application in field trials were investigated. Phylloplane specific distribution of the fungus was observed over time, with more rapid declines of M. anisopliae CFUs (colony-forming units) seen in the top leaf layer as compared to lower layers. Application of the fungus resulted in transient changes in the endogenous microbial diversity with variations seen in the bacterial observed species and Shannon index. Notable increases in both parameters were seen at 6-day post-application of M. anisopliae, although significant variation within sample replicates for bacteria and fungi were noted. Application of M. anisopliae increased the relative distribution of bacterial species implicated in plant growth promotion and organic pollutant degradation, e.g., Methylobacterium, Sphingobium, and Deinococcus. These data show minimal impact of M. anisopliae on endogenous microbial diversity with transient changes in bacterial abundance/diversity that may result in added benefits to crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Hong
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxiong Peng
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Nemat O Keyhani
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Yuxian Xia
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China. .,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.
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41
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Simultaneous production of intracellular triacylglycerols and extracellular polyol esters of fatty acids by Rhodotorula babjevae and Rhodotorula aff. paludigena. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 44:1397-1413. [PMID: 28681129 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-017-1964-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microbial oils have been analyzed as alternatives to petroleum. However, just a handful of microbes have been successfully adapted to produce chemicals that can compete with their petroleum counterparts. One of the reasons behind the low success rate is the overall economic inefficiency of valorizing a single product. This study presents a lab-scale analysis of two yeast species that simultaneously produce multiple high-value bioproducts: intracellular triacylglycerols (TG) and extracellular polyol esters of fatty acids (PEFA), two lipid classes with immediate applications in the biofuels and surfactant industries. At harvest, the yeast strain Rhodotorula aff. paludigena UCDFST 81-84 secreted 20.9 ± 0.2 g L-1 PEFA and produced 8.8 ± 1.0 g L-1 TG, while the yeast strain Rhodotorula babjevae UCDFST 04-877 secreted 11.2 ± 1.6 g L-1 PEFA and 18.5 ± 1.7 g L-1 TG. The overall glucose conversion was 0.24 and 0.22 g(total lipid) g (glucose)-1 , respectively. The results present a stable and scalable microbial growth platform yielding multiple co-products.
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42
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Garay LA, Sitepu IR, Cajka T, Fiehn O, Cathcart E, Fry RW, Kanti A, Joko Nugroho A, Faulina SA, Stephanandra S, German JB, Boundy-Mills KL. Discovery of synthesis and secretion of polyol esters of fatty acids by four basidiomycetous yeast species in the order Sporidiobolales. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 44:923-936. [PMID: 28289902 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-017-1919-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyol esters of fatty acids (PEFA) are amphiphilic glycolipids produced by yeast that could play a role as natural, environmentally friendly biosurfactants. We recently reported discovery of a new PEFA-secreting yeast species, Rhodotorula babjevae, a basidiomycetous yeast to display this behavior, in addition to a few other Rhodotorula yeasts reported on the 1960s. Additional yeast species within the taxonomic order Sporidiobolales were screened for secreted glycolipid production. PEFA production equal or above 1 g L-1 were detected in 19 out of 65 strains of yeast screened, belonging to 6 out of 30 yeast species tested. Four of these species were not previously known to secrete glycolipids. These results significantly increase the number of yeast species known to secrete PEFA, holding promise for expanding knowledge of PEFA synthesis and secretion mechanisms, as well as setting the groundwork towards commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Garay
- Phaff Yeast Culture Collection, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616-8598, USA
| | - Irnayuli R Sitepu
- Phaff Yeast Culture Collection, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616-8598, USA.,Biotechnology Department, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences (i3L), Jalan Pulo Mas Barat Kav. 88, Jakarta, 13210, Indonesia
| | - Tomas Cajka
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Erin Cathcart
- Phaff Yeast Culture Collection, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616-8598, USA
| | - Russell W Fry
- Phaff Yeast Culture Collection, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616-8598, USA
| | - Atit Kanti
- Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jalan Raya Jakarta - Bogor Km.46 Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Agustinus Joko Nugroho
- Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jalan Raya Jakarta - Bogor Km.46 Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Sarah Asih Faulina
- Research, Development and Innovation Agency, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jalan Gunung Batu No. 5, P.O. Box 165, Bogor, 16610, Indonesia
| | - Sira Stephanandra
- Research, Development and Innovation Agency, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jalan Gunung Batu No. 5, P.O. Box 165, Bogor, 16610, Indonesia
| | - J Bruce German
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Kyria L Boundy-Mills
- Phaff Yeast Culture Collection, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616-8598, USA.
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Vacher C, Hampe A, Porté AJ, Sauer U, Compant S, Morris CE. The Phyllosphere: Microbial Jungle at the Plant–Climate Interface. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-121415-032238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arndt Hampe
- BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France
| | | | - Ursula Sauer
- Bioresources Unit, Department of Health and Environment, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Stéphane Compant
- Bioresources Unit, Department of Health and Environment, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Cindy E. Morris
- INRA, Unité de Recherche de Pathologie Végétale, 84143 Montfavet, France
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Nasanit R, Jaibangyang S, Tantirungkij M, Limtong S. Yeast diversity and novel yeast D1/D2 sequences from corn phylloplane obtained by a culture-independent approach. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2016; 109:1615-1634. [PMID: 27578202 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-016-0762-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Culture-independent techniques have recently been used for evaluation of microbial diversity in the environment since it addresses the problem of unculturable microorganisms. In this study, the diversity of epiphytic yeasts from corn (Zea mays Linn.) phylloplanes in Thailand was investigated using this technique and sequence-based analysis of the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. Thirty-seven samples of corn leaf were collected randomly from 10 provinces. The DNA was extracted from leaf washing samples and the D1/D2 domains were amplified. The PCR products were cloned and then screened by colony PCR. A total of 1049 clones were obtained from 37 clone libraries. From this total, 329 clones (213 sequences) were closely related to yeast strains in the GenBank database, and they were clustered into 77 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with a similarity threshold of 99 %. The majority of sequences (98.5 %) were classified into the phylum Basidiomycota. Sixteen known yeast species were identified. Interestingly, more than 65 % of the D1/D2 sequences obtained by this technique were suggested to be sequences from new yeast taxa. The predominant yeast sequences detected belonged to the order Ustilaginales with relative frequency of 68.0 %. The most common known yeast species detected on the leaf samples were Pseudozyma hubeiensis pro tem. and Moesziomyces antarcticus with frequency of occurrence of 24.3 and 21.6 %, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujikan Nasanit
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Sanamchandra Palace Campus, Amphoe Muang, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Sopin Jaibangyang
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Sanamchandra Palace Campus, Amphoe Muang, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Manee Tantirungkij
- Central Laboratory and Greenhouse Complex, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Sean, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Sean Campus, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Savitree Limtong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Jatujak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand. .,Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University-Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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Gargallo-Garriga A, Sardans J, Pérez-Trujillo M, Guenther A, Llusià J, Rico L, Terradas J, Farré-Armengol G, Filella I, Parella T, Peñuelas J. Shifts in plant foliar and floral metabolomes in response to the suppression of the associated microbiota. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:78. [PMID: 27048394 PMCID: PMC4822282 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phyllospheric microbiota is assumed to play a key role in the metabolism of host plants. Its role in determining the epiphytic and internal plant metabolome, however, remains to be investigated. We analyzed the Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) profiles of the epiphytic and internal metabolomes of the leaves and flowers of Sambucus nigra with and without external antibiotic treatment application. RESULTS The epiphytic metabolism showed a degree of complexity similar to that of the plant organs. The suppression of microbial communities by topical applications of antibiotics had a greater impact on the epiphytic metabolome than on the internal metabolomes of the plant organs, although even the latter changed significantly both in leaves and flowers. The application of antibiotics decreased the concentration of lactate in both epiphytic and organ metabolomes, and the concentrations of citraconic acid, acetyl-CoA, isoleucine, and several secondary compounds such as terpenes and phenols in the epiphytic extracts. The metabolite pyrogallol appeared in the floral epiphytic community only after the treatment. The concentrations of the amino acid precursors of the ketoglutarate-synthesis pathway tended to decrease in the leaves and to increase in the foliar epiphytic extracts. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that anaerobic and/or facultative anaerobic bacteria were present in high numbers in the phyllosphere and in the apoplasts of S. nigra. The results also show that microbial communities play a significant role in the metabolomes of plant organs and could have more complex and frequent mutualistic, saprophytic, and/or parasitic relationships with internal plant metabolism than currently assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gargallo-Garriga
- />CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF- CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia 08193 Spain
- />CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia 08193 Spain
- />Service of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia 08913 Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- />CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF- CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia 08193 Spain
- />CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia 08193 Spain
| | - Míriam Pérez-Trujillo
- />Service of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia 08913 Spain
| | - Alex Guenther
- />Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Joan Llusià
- />CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF- CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia 08193 Spain
- />CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia 08193 Spain
| | - Laura Rico
- />CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF- CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia 08193 Spain
- />CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia 08193 Spain
| | - Jaume Terradas
- />CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia 08193 Spain
- />Department BABVE, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia 08913 Spain
| | - Gerard Farré-Armengol
- />CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF- CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia 08193 Spain
- />CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia 08193 Spain
| | - Iolanda Filella
- />CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF- CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia 08193 Spain
- />CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia 08193 Spain
| | - Teodor Parella
- />Service of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia 08913 Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- />CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF- CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia 08193 Spain
- />CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia 08193 Spain
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Nasanit R, Tangwong-O-Thai A, Tantirungkij M, Limtong S. The assessment of epiphytic yeast diversity in sugarcane phyllosphere in Thailand by culture-independent method. Fungal Biol 2015; 119:1145-1157. [PMID: 26615738 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of epiphytic yeasts from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum Linn.) phyllospheres in Thailand was investigated by culture-independent method based on the analysis of the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene sequences. Forty-five samples of sugarcane leaf were collected randomly from ten provinces in Thailand. A total of 1342 clones were obtained from 45 clone libraries. 426 clones (31.7 %) were closely related to yeast strains in the GenBank database, and they were clustered into 31 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with a similarity threshold of 99 %. All OTU sequences were classified in phylum Basidiomycota which were closely related to 11 yeast species in seven genera including Cryptococcus flavus, Hannaella coprosmaensis, Rhodotorula taiwanensis, Jaminaea angkoreiensis, Malassezia restricta, Pseudozyma antarctica, Pseudozyma aphidis, Pseudozyma hubeiensis, Pseudozyma prolifica, Pseudozyma shanxiensis, and Sporobolomyces vermiculatus. The most predominant yeasts detected belonged to Ustilaginales with 89.4 % relative frequency and the prevalent yeast genus was Pseudozyma. However, the majority were unable to be identified as known yeast species and these sequences may represent the sequences of new yeast taxa. In addition, The OTU that closely related to P. prolifica was commonly detected in sugarcane phyllosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujikan Nasanit
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Sanamchandra Palace Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Apirat Tangwong-O-Thai
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Sanamchandra Palace Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Manee Tantirungkij
- Central Laboratory and Greenhouse Complex, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Sean, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Sean Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Savitree Limtong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Jatujak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University-Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
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Abstract
The study of microorganisms that reside on plant leaf surfaces, or phyllosphere microbiology, greatly benefits from the availability of artificial surfaces that mimic in one or more ways the complexity of foliage as a microbial habitat. These leaf surface proxies range from very simple, such as nutrient agars that can reveal the metabolic versatility or antagonistic properties of leaf-associated microorganisms, to the very complex, such as silicon-based casts that replicate leaf surface topography down to nanometer resolution. In this review, we summarize the various uses of artificial surfaces in experimental phyllosphere microbiology and discuss how these have advanced our understanding of the biology of leaf-associated microorganisms and the habitat they live in. We also provide an outlook into future uses of artificial leaf surfaces, foretelling a greater role for microfluidics to introduce biological and chemical gradients into artificial leaf environments, stressing the importance of artificial surfaces to generate quantitative data that support computational models of microbial life on real leaves, and rethinking the leaf surface ('phyllosphere') as a habitat that features two intimately connected but very different compartments, i.e., the leaf surface landscape ('phylloplane') and the leaf surface waterscape ('phyllotelma').
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung K Doan
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Johan H J Leveau
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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48
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Nasanit R, Krataithong K, Tantirungkij M, Limtong S. Assessment of epiphytic yeast diversity in rice (Oryza sativa) phyllosphere in Thailand by a culture-independent approach. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 107:1475-90. [PMID: 25842038 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The epiphytic yeast diversity in rice phyllosphere in Thailand was investigated by a culture-independent technique based on the RFLP pattern and the sequence of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit rRNA gene. Forty-four samples of rice leaf were collected randomly from six provinces. The DNA was extracted from leaf washing samples and the D1/D2 domain was amplified using PCR technique. The PCR products were cloned and then screened by colony PCR. Of total 1121 clones, 451 clones (40.2 %) revealed the D1/D2 domain sequences closely related to sequences of yeasts in GenBank, and they were clustered into 45 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at 99 % homology. Of total yeast related clones, 329 clones (72.9 %) were identified as nine known yeast species, which consisted of 314 clones (8 OTUs) in the phylum Basidiomycota including Bullera japonica, Pseudozyma antarctica, Pseudozyma aphidis, Sporobolomyces blumeae, Sporobolomyces carnicolor and Sporobolomyces oryzicola and 15 clones (6 OTUs) in the phylum Ascomycota including Metschnikowia koreensis, Meyerozyma guilliermondii and Wickerhamomyces anomalus. The D1/D2 sequences (122 clones) that could not be identified as known yeast species were closest to 3 and 14 species in Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, respectively, some of which may be new yeast species. The most predominant species detected was P. antarctica (42.6 %) followed by B. japonica (25.9 %) with 63.6 and 22.7 % frequency of occurrence, respectively. The results of OTU richness of each sampling location revealed that climate condition and sampling location could affect epiphytic yeast diversity in rice phyllosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujikan Nasanit
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Sanamchandra palace campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
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A mathematical model to investigate quorum sensing regulation and its heterogeneity in Pseudomonas syringae on leaves. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Trouvelot S, Héloir MC, Poinssot B, Gauthier A, Paris F, Guillier C, Combier M, Trdá L, Daire X, Adrian M. Carbohydrates in plant immunity and plant protection: roles and potential application as foliar sprays. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:592. [PMID: 25408694 PMCID: PMC4219568 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Increasing interest is devoted to carbohydrates for their roles in plant immunity. Some of them are elicitors of plant defenses whereas other ones act as signaling molecules in a manner similar to phytohormones. This review first describes the main classes of carbohydrates associated to plant immunity, their role and mode of action. More precisely, the state of the art about perception of "PAMP, MAMP, and DAMP (Pathogen-, Microbe-, Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns) type" oligosaccharides is presented and examples of induced defense events are provided. A particular attention is paid to the structure/activity relationships of these compounds. The role of sugars as signaling molecules, especially in plant microbe interactions, is also presented. Secondly, the potentialities and limits of foliar sprays of carbohydrates to stimulate plant immunity for crop protection against diseases are discussed, with focus on the roles of the leaf cuticle and phyllosphere microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Trouvelot
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR AgroSup/INRA/uB 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes-ERL CNRS 6300Dijon, France
| | - Marie-Claire Héloir
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR AgroSup/INRA/uB 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes-ERL CNRS 6300Dijon, France
| | - Benoît Poinssot
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR AgroSup/INRA/uB 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes-ERL CNRS 6300Dijon, France
| | - Adrien Gauthier
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
| | - Franck Paris
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR AgroSup/INRA/uB 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes-ERL CNRS 6300Dijon, France
| | - Christelle Guillier
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR AgroSup/INRA/uB 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes-ERL CNRS 6300Dijon, France
| | - Maud Combier
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR AgroSup/INRA/uB 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes-ERL CNRS 6300Dijon, France
| | - Lucie Trdá
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR AgroSup/INRA/uB 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes-ERL CNRS 6300Dijon, France
| | - Xavier Daire
- INRA, UMR AgroSup/INRA/uB 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes-ERL CNRS 6300Dijon, France
| | - Marielle Adrian
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR AgroSup/INRA/uB 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes-ERL CNRS 6300Dijon, France
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