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Li J, Wen T, Zhang R, Hu X, Guo F, Zhao H, Wang P, Wang Y, Ni D, Wang M. Metabolome profiling and transcriptome analysis unveiling the crucial role of magnesium transport system for magnesium homeostasis in tea plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae152. [PMID: 38994447 PMCID: PMC11237192 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is a crucial nutrient for the growth and development of Camellia sinensis and is closely related to the quality of tea. However, the underlying mechanisms responding to low-Mg 2+ stress in tea plants remain largely unknown. In this study, photosynthetic parameters, metabolomics, and transcriptomics were utilized to explore the potential effects of low Mg2+ on the growth and metabolism of C. sinensis. Low-Mg2+ treatment increased the ratio of shoot dry weight to root dry weight but decreased the photosynthesis of C. sinensis. Forty and thirty metabolites were impacted by Mg2+ shortage in C. sinensis shoots and roots, respectively. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed the possible reasons for the decreased contents of chlorophyll and catechins and the increased theanine content in C. sinensis roots. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis indicated that the Mg2+ transport system was essential in the regulation of Mg2+ homeostasis in C. sinensis, in which CsMGT5 was identified to be the key regulator according to CsMGT5-overexpressing and complementary assays in Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, silencing of CsMGT5 in vivo reduced the content of chlorophyll in C. sinensis shoots. In addition, CsMGT5 might collaborate with ammonium transporters to keep the amino acid content steady, suggesting its potential application for tea quality improvement. All these findings demonstrate the key roles of CsMGTs for Mg2+ homeostasis in C. sinensis, providing a theoretical basis for Mg2+ efficient utilization in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ting Wen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ruiming Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinlong Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fei Guo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pu Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dejiang Ni
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mingle Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Scheible N, Henning PM, McCubbin AG. Calmodulin-Domain Protein Kinase PiCDPK1 Interacts with the 14-3-3-like Protein NtGF14 to Modulate Pollen Tube Growth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:451. [PMID: 38337984 PMCID: PMC10857193 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Calcium-mediated signaling pathways are known to play important roles in the polar growth of pollen tubes. The calcium-dependent protein kinase, PiCDPK1, has been shown to be involved in regulating this process through interaction with a guanine dissociation inhibitor, PiRhoGDI1. To more fully understand the role of PiCDPK1 in pollen tube extension, we designed a pull-down study to identify additional substrates of this kinase. These experiments identified 123 putative interactors. Two of the identified proteins were predicted to directly interact with PiCDPK1, and this possibility was investigated in planta. The first, NtGF14, a 14-3-3-like protein, did not produce a noticeable phenotype when overexpressed in pollen alone but partially rescued the spherical tube phenotype caused by PiCDPK1 over-expression when co-over-expressed with the kinase. The second, NtREN1, a GTPase activating protein (GAP), severely inhibited pollen tube germination when over-expressed, and its co-over-expression with PiCDPK1 did not substantially affect this phenotype. These results suggest a novel in vivo interaction between NtGF14 and PiCDPK1 but do not support the direct interaction between PiCDPK1 and NtREN1. We demonstrate the utility of the methodology used to identify potential protein interactions while confirming the necessity of additional studies to confirm their validity. Finally, additional support was found for intersection between PiCDPK1 and RopGTPase pathways to control polar growth at the pollen tube tip.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew G. McCubbin
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (N.S.); (P.M.H.)
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Tang L, Xiao L, Chen E, Lei X, Ren J, Yang Y, Xiao B, Gong C. Magnesium transporter CsMGT10 of tea plants plays a key role in chlorosis leaf vein greening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107842. [PMID: 37352698 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+), as the central atom of chlorophyll, is the most abundant divalent cation for plant growth and development in living cells. MRS2/MGT magnesium transporters play important roles in coping with magnesium stress, chloroplast development and photosynthesis. However, the molecular mechanism of MGT influencing tea plant leaf vein color remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that CsMGT10 may be a potential transporter influencing leaf vein color. CsMGT10 belongs to Clade A member of MRS2/MGT family. CsMGT10 has the highest expression level in leaves of tea plants. And it is mainly expressed in aboveground parts, especially in vascular bundles. Moreover, CsMGT10 localizes to the chloroplast envelope of tea plants with a high affinity to Mg2+. And the GMN motif is required for its magnesium transport function. Ectopic expression of CsMGT10 in Arabidopsis leaf variegation mutant var5-1 can restore green color of chlorosis leaf veins, and the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid change significantly, proving its essential role in leaf vein greening. Furthermore, the chlorophyll and carotenoid of tea leaves treated with CsMGT10 antisense oligonucleotides also decrease significantly. Our findings indicate that CsMGT10 mainly acts as Mg2+ transporter in chloroplast envelope of leaf veins, which may play a key role in leaf vein greening of tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Luodan Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Yibin Research Institute of Tea Industry, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Enxiang Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingyu Lei
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiejie Ren
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences /National Center for Tea Improvement/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
| | - Bin Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chunmei Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Liu W, Khan S, Tong M, Hu H, Yin L, Huang J. Identification and Expression of the CorA/MRS2/ALR Type Magnesium Transporters in Tomato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2512. [PMID: 37447072 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is the most abundant divalent ion in plants, participating in numerous metabolic processes in growth and development. CorA/MRS2/ALR type Mg2+ transporters are essential for maintaining Mg2+ homeostasis in plants. However, the candidate protein and its potential functions in the tomato plant have not been fully understood. In this study, we identified seven MGT genes (SlMRS2) in tomato based on sequence similarity, domain analysis, conserved motif identification, and structure prediction. Two SlMRS2 genes were analyzed in the bacterial strain MM281, and a functional complementary assay demonstrated their high-affinity transport of Mg2+. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the expressions of these Mg2+ transporters were down-regulated in leaves under Mg2+ limitation, with a greater impact on lower and middle leaves compared to young leaves. Conversely, under Mg2+ toxicity, several genes were up-regulated in leaves with a circadian rhythm. Our findings indicate that members of the SlMRS2 family function as Mg2+ transporters and lay the groundwork for further analysis of their distinct functions in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shahbaz Khan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Mengying Tong
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Liyan Yin
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiaquan Huang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Kobayashi NI, Takagi H, Yang X, Nishizawa-Yokoi A, Segawa T, Hoshina T, Oonishi T, Suzuki H, Iwata R, Toki S, Nakanishi TM, Tanoi K. Mutations in RZF1, a zinc-finger protein, reduce magnesium uptake in roots and translocation to shoots in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:342-355. [PMID: 36718554 PMCID: PMC10152673 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) homeostasis is critical for maintaining many biological processes, but little information is available to comprehend the molecular mechanisms regulating Mg concentration in rice (Oryza sativa). To make up for the lack of information, we aimed to identify mutants defective in Mg homeostasis through a forward genetic approach. As a result of the screening of 2,825 M2 seedlings mutated by ion-beam irradiation, we found a rice mutant that showed reduced Mg content in leaves and slightly increased Mg content in roots. Radiotracer 28Mg experiments showed that this mutant, named low-magnesium content 1 (LMGC1), has decreased Mg2+ influx in the root and Mg2+ translocation from root to shoot. Consequently, LMGC1 is sensitive to the low Mg condition and prone to develop chlorosis in the young mature leaf. The MutMap method identified a 7.4-kbp deletion in the LMGC1 genome leading to a loss of two genes. Genome editing using CRISPR-Cas9 further revealed that one of the two lost genes, a gene belonging to the RanBP2-type zinc-finger family that we named RanBP2-TYPE ZINC FINGER1 (OsRZF1), was the causal gene of the low Mg phenotype. OsRZF1 is a nuclear protein and may have a fundamental role in maintaining Mg homeostasis in rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko I Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takagi
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ayako Nishizawa-Yokoi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan
| | - Tenta Segawa
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Hoshina
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takayuki Oonishi
- Center for Education and Research of Community Collaboration, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Japan
| | - Hisashi Suzuki
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ren Iwata
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (CYRIC), Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Seiichi Toki
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokotani, Seta Oe-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Tomoko M Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanoi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhang W, Peng M, Tan G, Qaseem MF, Li H, Wu AM. Physiological and transcriptomic responses to magnesium deficiency in Neolamarckia Cadamba. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107645. [PMID: 36963300 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is a critical component of chlorophyll and enzymes involved in various physiological and biochemical processes essential for plant growth, biomass accumulation, and photosynthesis. Mg2+ deficiency (MgD) is common in hot and rainy subtropical areas due to its easy loss from soil. Neolamarckia cadamba, an important tropical tree in South Asia, faces severe effects of MgD, however, the responses of N. cadamba to MgD stress remain unclear. In here, effects of N. cadamba under MgD stress were investigated. The study revealed that MgD had lower plant biomass, fresh and dry weight, root length, root volume, and surface area compared to CK (normal Mg2+). As treatment time increased, the leaves began to yellow, and lesions appeared. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content, along with fluorescence-related parameters and leaf photosynthetic capacity, were significantly reduced in MgD stress compared to CK treatment. Transcriptome analysis showed that transporters as well as transcription factors (TFs) from MYC (v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog), MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog), bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) and WRKY families were upregulated in leaves at 10 d of MgD stress, indicating that magnesium signaling transduction might be activated to compensate MgD. In addition, genes including chlorophyll(ide) b reductase (NYC1/NOL) chlorophyll/bacteriochlorophyll synthase (G4) and 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase synthesizing (HCAR) chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were down-regulated in leaves, while those scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) were mainly up-regulated at 10 d of MgD stress. These results shed light on underlying MgD in N. cadamba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mengxuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guoqing Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mirza Faisal Qaseem
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huiling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Zhi S, Zou W, Li J, Meng L, Liu J, Chen J, Ye G. Mapping QTLs and gene validation studies for Mg 2+ uptake and translocation using a MAGIC population in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1131064. [PMID: 36909447 PMCID: PMC9996051 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1131064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential element for plant growth and development. Rice is an important food crop in the world, but there are few studies on the uptake and translocation of Mg2+ in rice. We used a multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) population constructed using four parental lines and genotyped by a 55 K rice SNP array for association analysis to locate QTLs related to Mg2+ uptake and translocation in rice at the seedling stage. Four QTLs (qRMg1, qRMg2, qRMg7 and qRMg8) were detected for the root Mg2+ concentration, which explained 11.45-13.08% of the phenotypic variation. The Mg2+ transporter gene, OsMGT1, was within the region of qRMg1. Three QTLs (qSMg3, qSMg7 and qSMg10) were detected for the shoot Mg2+ concentration, which explained 4.30-5.46% of the phenotypic variation. Two QTLs (qTrMg3 and qTrMg8) were found to affect the translocation of Mg2+ from the roots to the shoots, and explained 10.91% and 9.63% of phenotypic variation. qSMg3 and qTrMg3 might be the same, since they are very close to each other on chromosome 3. Analysis of candidate genes in the region of qSMg3 and qTrMg3 through qRT-PCR, complementation assay in the yeast Mg2+ transport-defective mutant CM66, and sequence analysis of the parental lines suggested that LOC_Os03g04360 may play important roles in Mg2+ uptake, translocation and accumulation in rice. Overexpression of LOC_Os03g04360 can significantly increase the Mg2+ concentration in rice seedlings, especially under the condition of low Mg2+ supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhi
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute in Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenli Zou
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute in Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinyan Li
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijun Meng
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute in Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Jindong Liu
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute in Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingguang Chen
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute in Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoyou Ye
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute in Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
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Lv X, Huang S, Wang J, Han D, Li J, Guo D, Zhu H. Genome-wide identification of Mg 2+ transporters and functional characteristics of DlMGT1 in Dimocarpus longan. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1110005. [PMID: 36818860 PMCID: PMC9932547 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1110005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Longan (Dimocarpus Longan) is one of the most important fruit crops in Southern China. Lack of available Mg in acidic soil conditions is a limitation to further increasing longan yield. Magnesium transporter (MGT/MRS2) mediates the uptake, transport, and redistribution of Mg2+ in higher plants. To understand the role of MGTs family members in longan Mg deficiency. We identified and analyzed the protein characteristics, phylogeny, expression changes, subcellular localization, and transcriptional regulation of DlMGTs members. The results showed that, twelve DlMGTs are localized in the cell membrane, chloroplast, and nucleus. The evolutionary differences in MGTs between herbaceous and woody species in different plants. The DlMGTs promoters contained many cis-acting elements and transcription factor binding sites related to the hormone, environmental, and stress response. Subcellular localization assays showed that DlMGT1 localizes in the cell membrane of Arabidopsis protoplasts. The candidate transcription factor DlGATA16, which may regulate the expression of DlMGT1, was localized in the nucleus of tobacco leaves. Dual luciferase analysis demonstrated that DlGATA16 is a potential factor regulating the transcriptional activity of DlMGT1. In this study, we identified and analyzed DlMGTs on a genome-wide scale and the subcellular localization and interaction of DlMGT1 and DlGATA16, which has important implications for further functional analysis studies of MGTs and the use of MGT for longan genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Lv
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shilian Huang
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Han
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguang Li
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Guo
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Harvesting Equipment Technology of Zhejiang Province, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
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Kleczkowski LA, Igamberdiev AU. Magnesium and cell energetics: At the junction of metabolism of adenylate and non-adenylate nucleotides. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 280:153901. [PMID: 36549033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Free magnesium (Mg2+) represents a powerful signal arising from interconversions of adenylates (ATP, ADP and AMP). This is a consequence of the involvement of adenylate kinase (AK) which equilibrates adenylates and uses defined species of Mg-complexed and Mg-free adenylates in both directions of its reaction. However, cells contain also other reversible Mg2+-dependent enzymes that equilibrate non-adenylate nucleotides (uridylates, cytidylates and guanylates), i.e. nucleoside monophosphate kinases (NMPKs) and nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK). Here, we propose that AK activity is tightly coupled to activities of NMPK and NDPK, linking adenylate equilibrium to equilibria of other nucleotides, and with [Mg2+] controlling the ratios of Mg-chelated and Mg-free nucleotides. This coupling establishes main hubs for adenylate-driven equilibration of non-adenylate nucleotides, with [Mg2+] acting as signal arising from all nucleotides rather than adenylates only. Further consequences involve an overall adenylate control of UTP-, GTP- and CTP-dependent pathways and the availability of substrates for RNA and DNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek A Kleczkowski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, University of Umeå, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Abir U Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B3X9, Canada.
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10
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Zhang B, Zhang C, Tang R, Zheng X, Zhao F, Fu A, Lan W, Luan S. Two magnesium transporters in the chloroplast inner envelope essential for thylakoid biogenesis in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:464-478. [PMID: 35776059 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+ ) serves as a cofactor for a number of photosynthetic enzymes in the chloroplast, and is the central atom of the Chl molecule. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of Mg2+ transport across the chloroplast envelope. Here, we report the functional characterization of two transport proteins in Arabidopsis: Magnesium Release 8 (MGR8) and MGR9, of the ACDP/CNNM family, which is evolutionarily conserved across all lineages of living organisms. Both MGR8 and MGR9 genes were expressed ubiquitously, and their encoded proteins were localized in the inner envelope of chloroplasts. Mutations of MGR8 and MGR9 together, but neither of them alone, resulted in albino ovules and chlorotic seedlings. Further analysis revealed severe defects in thylakoid biogenesis and assembly of photosynthetic complexes in the double mutant. Both MGR8 and MGR9 functionally complemented the growth of the Salmonella typhimurium mutant strain MM281, which lacks Mg2+ uptake capacity. The embryonic and early seedling defects of the mgr8/mgr9 double mutant were rescued by the expression of MGR9 under the embryo-specific ABI3 promoter. The partially rescued mutant plants were hypersensitive to Mg2+ deficient conditions and contained less Mg2+ in their chloroplasts than wild-type plants. Taken together, we conclude that MGR8 and MGR9 serve as Mg2+ transporters and are responsible for chloroplast Mg2+ uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Renjie Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Xiaojiang Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Fugeng Zhao
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Aigen Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Wenzhi Lan
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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11
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Tang RJ, Yang Y, Yan YW, Mao DD, Yuan HM, Wang C, Zhao FG, Luan S. Two transporters mobilize magnesium from vacuolar stores to enable plant acclimation to magnesium deficiency. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1307-1320. [PMID: 35809075 PMCID: PMC9516776 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential metal for chlorophyll biosynthesis and other metabolic processes in plant cells. Mg is largely stored in the vacuole of various cell types and remobilized to meet cytoplasmic demand. However, the transport proteins responsible for mobilizing vacuolar Mg2+ remain unknown. Here, we identified two Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Mg2+ transporters (MAGNESIUM TRANSPORTER 1 and 2; MGT1 and MGT2) that facilitate Mg2+ mobilization from the vacuole, especially when external Mg supply is limited. In addition to a high degree of sequence similarity, MGT1 and MGT2 exhibited overlapping expression patterns in Arabidopsis tissues, implying functional redundancy. Indeed, the mgt1 mgt2 double mutant, but not mgt1 and mgt2 single mutants, showed exaggerated growth defects as compared to the wild type under low-Mg conditions, in accord with higher expression levels of Mg-starvation gene markers in the double mutant. However, overall Mg level was also higher in mgt1 mgt2, suggesting a defect in Mg2+ remobilization in response to Mg deficiency. Consistently, MGT1 and MGT2 localized to the tonoplast and rescued the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mnr2Δ (manganese resistance 2) mutant strain lacking the vacuolar Mg2+ efflux transporter. In addition, disruption of MGT1 and MGT2 suppressed high-Mg sensitivity of calcineurin B-like 2 and 3 (cbl2 cbl3), a mutant defective in vacuolar Mg2+ sequestration, suggesting that vacuolar Mg2+ influx and efflux processes are antagonistic in a physiological context. We further crossed mgt1 mgt2 with mgt6, which lacks a plasma membrane MGT member involved in Mg2+ uptake, and found that the triple mutant was more sensitive to low-Mg conditions than either mgt1 mgt2 or mgt6. Hence, Mg2+ uptake (via MGT6) and vacuolar remobilization (through MGT1 and MGT2) work synergistically to achieve Mg2+ homeostasis in plants, especially under low-Mg supply in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jie Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yu-Wei Yan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dan-Dan Mao
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Hong-Mei Yuan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Fu-Geng Zhao
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Bakshi A, Gilroy S. Moving magnesium. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:796-798. [PMID: 35422405 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arkadipta Bakshi
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Birge Hall, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 53076, USA
| | - Simon Gilroy
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Birge Hall, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 53076, USA.
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Ishfaq M, Wang Y, Yan M, Wang Z, Wu L, Li C, Li X. Physiological Essence of Magnesium in Plants and Its Widespread Deficiency in the Farming System of China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:802274. [PMID: 35548291 PMCID: PMC9085447 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.802274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential nutrient for a wide array of fundamental physiological and biochemical processes in plants. It largely involves chlorophyll synthesis, production, transportation, and utilization of photoassimilates, enzyme activation, and protein synthesis. As a multifaceted result of the introduction of high-yielding fertilizer-responsive cultivars, intensive cropping without replenishment of Mg, soil acidification, and exchangeable Mg (Ex-Mg) leaching, Mg has become a limiting nutrient for optimum crop production. However, little literature is available to better understand distinct responses of plants to Mg deficiency, the geographical distribution of soil Ex-Mg, and the degree of Mg deficiency. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge of key plant responses to Mg availability and, as far as possible, highlight spatial Mg distribution and the magnitude of Mg deficiency in different cultivated regions of the world with a special focus on China. In particular, ~55% of arable lands in China are revealed Mg-deficient (< 120 mg kg-1 soil Ex-Mg), and Mg deficiency literally becomes increasingly severe from northern (227-488 mg kg-1) to southern (32-89 mg kg-1) China. Mg deficiency primarily traced back to higher depletion of soil Ex-Mg by fruits, vegetables, sugarcane, tubers, tea, and tobacco cultivated in tropical and subtropical climate zones. Further, each unit decline in soil pH from neutral reduced ~2-fold soil Ex-Mg. This article underscores the physiological importance of Mg, potential risks associated with Mg deficiency, and accordingly, to optimize fertilization strategies for higher crop productivity and better quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ishfaq
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Minwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Liangquan Wu
- International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuexian Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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14
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Tang RJ, Meng SF, Zheng XJ, Zhang B, Yang Y, Wang C, Fu AG, Zhao FG, Lan WZ, Luan S. Conserved mechanism for vacuolar magnesium sequestration in yeast and plant cells. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:181-190. [PMID: 35087208 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-01087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential nutrient for all life forms. In fungal and plant cells, the majority of Mg2+ is stored in the vacuole but mechanisms for Mg2+ transport into the vacuolar store are not fully understood. Here we demonstrate that members of ancient conserved domain proteins (ACDPs) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana function in vacuolar Mg2+ sequestration that enables plant and yeast cells to cope with high levels of external Mg2+. We show that the yeast genome (as well as other fungal genomes) harbour a single ACDP homologue, referred to as MAM3, that functions specifically in vacuolar Mg2+ accumulation and is essential for tolerance to high Mg. In parallel, vacuolar ACDP homologues were identified from Arabidopsis and shown to complement the yeast mutant mam3Δ. An Arabidopsis mutant lacking one of the vacuolar ACDP homologues displayed hypersensitivity to high-Mg conditions and accumulated less Mg in the vacuole compared with the wild type. Taken together, our results suggest that conserved transporters mediate vacuolar Mg2+ sequestration in fungal and plant cells to maintain cellular Mg2+ homeostasis in response to fluctuating Mg2+ levels in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jie Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Su-Fang Meng
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Zheng
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ai-Gen Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fu-Geng Zhao
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Zhi Lan
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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15
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Zhu Y, Qiu W, Li Y, Tan J, Han X, Wu L, Jiang Y, Deng Z, Wu C, Zhuo R. Quantitative proteome analysis reveals changes of membrane transport proteins in Sedum plumbizincicola under cadmium stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132302. [PMID: 34563781 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sedum plumbizincicola is an herbaceous species tolerant of excessive cadmium accumulation in above-ground tissues. The implications of membrane proteins, especially integrative membrane proteins, in Cd detoxification of plants have received attention in recent years, but a comprehensive profiling of Cd-responsive membrane proteins from Cd hyperaccumulator plants is lacking. In this study, the membrane proteins of root, stem, and leaf tissues of S. plumbizincicola seedlings treated with Cd solution for 0, 1 or 4 days were analyzed by Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) labeling-based proteome quantification (Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD025302). Total 3353 proteins with predicted transmembrane helices were identified and quantified in at least one tissue group. 1667 proteins were defined as DAPs (differentially abundant proteins) using fold change >1.5 with p-values <0.05. The number of DAPs involved in metabolism, transport protein, and signal transduction was significantly increased after exposure to Cd, suggesting that the synthesis and decomposition of organic compounds and the transport of ions were actively involved in the Cd tolerance process. The number of up-regulated transport proteins increased significantly from 1-day exposure to 4-day exposure, from 5 to 112, 16 to 42, 18 to 44, in root, stem, and leaf, respectively. Total 352 Cd-regulated transport proteins were identified, including ABC transporters, ion transport proteins, aquaporins, proton pumps, and organic transport proteins. Heterologous expression of SpABCB28, SpMTP5, SpNRAMP5, and SpHMA2 in yeast and subcellular localization showed the Cd-specific transport activity. The results will enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanism of Cd hypertolerance and hyperaccumulation in S. plumbizincicola and will be benefit for future genetic engineering in phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, PR China; Forestry Faculty, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, The Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311400, PR China
| | - Wenmin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, The Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311400, PR China
| | - Yuhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, The Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311400, PR China
| | - Jinjuan Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, PR China
| | - Xiaojiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, The Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311400, PR China
| | - Longhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Yugen Jiang
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Fuyang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311400, PR China
| | - Zhiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, PR China.
| | - Chao Wu
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, PR China.
| | - Renying Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, The Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311400, PR China.
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Tian XY, He DD, Bai S, Zeng WZ, Wang Z, Wang M, Wu LQ, Chen ZC. Physiological and molecular advances in magnesium nutrition of plants. PLANT AND SOIL 2021; 468:1-17. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-021-05139-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Zhang Q, Tang D, Yang X, Geng S, He Y, Chen Y, Yi X, Ni K, Liu M, Ruan J. Plant Availability of Magnesium in Typical Tea Plantation Soils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:641501. [PMID: 34447394 PMCID: PMC8383044 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.641501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims: Magnesium (Mg) fertilizer has been proved to play an important role in improving the yield and quality of tea. However, plant availability of Mg, including its use, efficiency, and quality improvement effects, were highly affected by plant species, soil characteristics (nutritional status, etc.), and Mg status (chemical-available, etc.). Methods: Tea plants were pot-cultivated in 12 typical tea plantation soils amended with and without Mg fertilizer. Exchangeable Mg (Ex-Mg) concentration in soils was quantitatively extracted using four extraction solutions (Mehlich-3, BaCl2, CaCl2, and NH4OAC). Plant availability of Mg was evaluated by Mg uptake and its use efficiency, as well as its association with quality components in tea plants. Results: Ex-Mg in soils was extracted most efficiently by Mehlich-3, while Mg concentrations in tea plant tissue were higher correlated with Ex-Mg extracted by CaCl2 than other extraction solutions. Mg fertilizer use efficiency in tea plant varied from 6.08 to 29.56 %, and the effect of Mg application on tea quality improvement and the use efficiency of Mg fertilizer both negatively correlated with total Mg concentration (r = -0.94 and -0.63, respectively) and nitrogen (N) level (r = -0.61 and -0.51, respectively) in soils prior to tea plant cultivation. Conclusions: CaCl2 could be recommended for plant-available Mg extraction in tea plantation soil, and Mg fertilizer use efficiency could be affected and predicted by total N and Mg status in soils prior to tea plant cultivation, providing a potential theoretical for the guidance of Mg fertilization for tea yield and quality improvement in tea plantation management.
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Kleczkowski LA, Igamberdiev AU. Magnesium Signaling in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1159. [PMID: 33503839 PMCID: PMC7865908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Free magnesium (Mg2+) is a signal of the adenylate (ATP+ADP+AMP) status in the cells. It results from the equilibrium of adenylate kinase (AK), which uses Mg-chelated and Mg-free adenylates as substrates in both directions of its reaction. The AK-mediated primary control of intracellular [Mg2+] is finely interwoven with the operation of membrane-bound adenylate- and Mg2+-translocators, which in a given compartment control the supply of free adenylates and Mg2+ for the AK-mediated equilibration. As a result, [Mg2+] itself varies both between and within the compartments, depending on their energetic status and environmental clues. Other key nucleotide-utilizing/producing enzymes (e.g., nucleoside diphosphate kinase) may also be involved in fine-tuning of the intracellular [Mg2+]. Changes in [Mg2+] regulate activities of myriads of Mg-utilizing/requiring enzymes, affecting metabolism under both normal and stress conditions, and impacting photosynthetic performance, respiration, phloem loading and other processes. In compartments controlled by AK equilibrium (cytosol, chloroplasts, mitochondria, nucleus), the intracellular [Mg2+] can be calculated from total adenylate contents, based on the dependence of the apparent equilibrium constant of AK on [Mg2+]. Magnesium signaling, reflecting cellular adenylate status, is likely widespread in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms, due simply to the omnipresent nature of AK and to its involvement in adenylate equilibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek A. Kleczkowski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, University of Umeå, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Abir U. Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B3X9, Canada;
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Mota J, Merlo E, Martínez-Hernández F, Mendoza-Fernández AJ, Pérez-García FJ, Salmerón-Sánchez E. Plants on Rich-Magnesium Dolomite Barrens: A Global Phenomenon. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:38. [PMID: 33429992 PMCID: PMC7826976 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For botanists and ecologists, the close link between some plants and substrates, such as serpentine or gypsum, is well known. However, the relationship between dolomite and its flora has been much less studied, due to various causes. Its diffuse separation from limestone and the use of a vague approach and terminology that, until now, no one has tried to harmonize are among these reasons. After carrying out an extensive review, completed with data on the distribution of plants linked to dolomite, the territories in which this type of flora appears at a global level were mapped using a geographic information system software. In addition, data on soils were collected, as well as on their influence on the ionomic profile of the flora. These data were completed with the authors' own information from previous research, which also served to assess these communities' degree of conservation and the genetic diversity of some of their characteristic species. The results showed that the so-called "dolomite phenomenon" is widely represented and is clearly manifested in the appearance of a peculiar flora, very rich in endemisms, on dry soils, poor in nutrients, and with a high Mg level. Although dolomite habitats cause adaptations in plants which are even more recognizable than those of other rock types, they have not been widely studied from an ecological, evolutionary, and conservation point of view because, so far, neither their characteristics nor their universal demarcation have been precisely defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mota
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, CEI·MAR and CECOUAL, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (J.M.); (E.M.); (F.M.-H.); (A.J.M.-F.); (F.J.P.-G.)
| | - Encarna Merlo
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, CEI·MAR and CECOUAL, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (J.M.); (E.M.); (F.M.-H.); (A.J.M.-F.); (F.J.P.-G.)
| | - Fabián Martínez-Hernández
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, CEI·MAR and CECOUAL, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (J.M.); (E.M.); (F.M.-H.); (A.J.M.-F.); (F.J.P.-G.)
| | - Antonio J. Mendoza-Fernández
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, CEI·MAR and CECOUAL, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (J.M.); (E.M.); (F.M.-H.); (A.J.M.-F.); (F.J.P.-G.)
- Departamento de Botánica, Unidad de Conservación Vegetal, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Pérez-García
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, CEI·MAR and CECOUAL, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (J.M.); (E.M.); (F.M.-H.); (A.J.M.-F.); (F.J.P.-G.)
| | - Esteban Salmerón-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, CEI·MAR and CECOUAL, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (J.M.); (E.M.); (F.M.-H.); (A.J.M.-F.); (F.J.P.-G.)
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Functional analysis of whether the glycine residue of the GMN motif of the Arabidopsis MRS2/MGT/CorA-type Mg 2+ channel protein AtMRS2-11 is critical for Mg 2+ transport activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 697:108673. [PMID: 33217378 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) plays a critical role in many physiological processes. The AtMRS2/MGT family, which contains nine Arabidopsis genes (and two pseudogenes), belongs to a eukaryotic subset of the CorA superfamily of divalent cation transporters. AtMRS2-11/MGT10 possesses the signature GlyMetAsn sequence (the GMN motif) conserved in the CorA superfamily; however, little is known about the role of the GMN motif in AtMRS2. Direct measurement using the fluorescent dye mag-fura-2 revealed that reconstituted AtMRS2-11 mediated rapid Mg2+ uptake into proteoliposomes at extraliposomal Mg2+ concentrations of 10 and 20 mM. Mutations in the GMN motif, G417 to A, S or V, did not show a significant change in Mg2+ uptake relative to the wild-type protein. The G417W mutant exhibited a significant increase in Mg2+ uptake. The functional complementation assay in Escherichia coli strain TM2 showed that E. coli cells expressing AtMRS2-11 with mutations in G of the GMN motif did not grow in LB medium without Mg2+ supplementation, while growth was observed in LB medium supplemented with 0.5 mM Mg2+; no difference was observed between the growth of TM2 cells expressing the AtMRS2-11 G417W mutant and that of cells expressing wild-type AtMRS2-11. These results suggested that the Mg2+ transport activity of the AtMRS2-11 GMN-motif mutants was low at low physiological Mg2+ concentrations; thus, the Gly residue is critical for Mg2+ transport, and the Mg2+ transport activity of the GMN-motif mutants was increased at high Mg2+ concentrations.
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21
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Kocourková D, Krčková Z, Pejchar P, Kroumanová K, Podmanická T, Daněk M, Martinec J. Phospholipase Dα1 mediates the high-Mg 2+ stress response partially through regulation of K + homeostasis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2460-2475. [PMID: 32583878 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular levels of Mg2+ are tightly regulated, as Mg2+ deficiency or excess affects normal plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis, we determined that phospholipase Dα1 (PLDα1) is involved in the stress response to high-magnesium conditions. The T-DNA insertion mutant pldα1 is hypersensitive to increased concentrations of magnesium, exhibiting reduced primary root length and fresh weight. PLDα1 activity increases rapidly after high-Mg2+ treatment, and this increase was found to be dose dependent. Two lines harbouring mutations in the HKD motif, which is essential for PLDα1 activity, displayed the same high-Mg2+ hypersensitivity of pldα1 plants. Moreover, we show that high concentrations of Mg2+ disrupt K+ homeostasis, and that transcription of K+ homeostasis-related genes CIPK9 and HAK5 is impaired in pldα1. Additionally, we found that the akt1, hak5 double mutant is hypersensitive to high-Mg2+ . We conclude that in Arabidopsis, the enzyme activity of PLDα1 is vital in the response to high-Mg2+ conditions, and that PLDα1 mediates this response partially through regulation of K+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Kocourková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Krčková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Pejchar
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Kroumanová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Podmanická
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Daněk
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Martinec
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Mishra B, Ploch S, Runge F, Schmuker A, Xia X, Gupta DK, Sharma R, Thines M. The Genome of Microthlaspi erraticum (Brassicaceae) Provides Insights Into the Adaptation to Highly Calcareous Soils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:943. [PMID: 32719698 PMCID: PMC7350527 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microthlaspi erraticum is widely distributed in temperate Eurasia, but restricted to Ca2+-rich habitats, predominantly on white Jurassic limestone, which is made up by calcium carbonate, with little other minerals. Thus, naturally occurring Microthlaspi erraticum individuals are confronted with a high concentration of Ca2+ ions while Mg2+ ion concentration is relatively low. As there is a competitive uptake between these two ions, adaptation to the soil condition can be expected. In this study, it was the aim to explore the genomic consequences of this adaptation by sequencing and analysing the genome of Microthlaspi erraticum. Its genome size is comparable with other diploid Brassicaceae, while more genes were predicted. Two Mg2+ transporters known to be expressed in roots were duplicated and one showed a significant degree of positive selection. It is speculated that this evolved due to the pressure to take up Mg2+ ions efficiently in the presence of an overwhelming amount of Ca2+ ions. Future studies on plants specialized on similar soils and affinity tests of the transporters are needed to provide unequivocal evidence for this hypothesis. If verified, the transporters found in this study might be useful for breeding Brassicaceae crops for higher yield on Ca2+-rich and Mg2+ -poor soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagdevi Mishra
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University, Department for Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ploch
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Fabian Runge
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Xiaojuan Xia
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University, Department for Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Deepak K. Gupta
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University, Department for Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marco Thines
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University, Department for Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Galic V, Mazur M, Brkic A, Brkic J, Jambrovic A, Zdunic Z, Simic D. Seed Weight as a Covariate in Association and Prediction Studies for Biomass Traits in Maize Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E275. [PMID: 32093233 PMCID: PMC7076456 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The seedling stage has received little attention in maize breeding to identify genotypes tolerant to water deficit. The aim of this study is to evaluate incorporation of seed weight (expressed as hundred kernel weight, HKW) as a covariate into genomic association and prediction studies for three biomass traits in a panel of elite inbred lines challenged by water withholding at seedling stage. METHODS 109 genotyped-by-sequencing (GBS) elite maize inbreds were phenotyped for HKW and planted in controlled conditions (16/8 day/night, 25 °C, 50% RH, 200 µMol/m2/s) in trays filled with soil. Plants in control (C) were watered every two days, while watering was stopped for 10 days in water withholding (WW). Fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), and dry matter content (DMC) were measured. RESULTS Adding HKW as a covariate increased the power of detection of associations in FW and DW by 44% and increased genomic prediction accuracy in C and decreased in WW. CONCLUSIONS Seed weight was effectively incorporated into association studies for biomass traits in maize seedlings, whereas the incorporation into genomic predictions, particularly in water-stressed plants, was not worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlatko Galic
- Department of Maize Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, HR31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Maja Mazur
- Department of Maize Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, HR31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Andrija Brkic
- Department of Maize Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, HR31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Josip Brkic
- Department of Maize Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, HR31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Antun Jambrovic
- Department of Maize Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, HR31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zvonimir Zdunic
- Department of Maize Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, HR31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Simic
- Department of Maize Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, HR31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Vigani G, Costa A. Harnessing the new emerging imaging technologies to uncover the role of Ca 2+ signalling in plant nutrient homeostasis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2885-2901. [PMID: 31286524 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Increasing crop yields by using ecofriendly practices is of high priority to tackle problems regarding food security and malnutrition worldwide. A sustainable crop production requires a limited use of fertilizer and the employment of plant varieties with improved ability to acquire nutrients from soil. To reach these goals, the scientific community aims to understand plant nutrients homeostasis by deciphering the nutrient sensing and signalling mechanisms of plants. Several lines of evidence about the involvement of Ca2+ as the signal of an impaired nutrient availability have been reported. Ca2+ signalling is a tightly regulated process that requires specific protein toolkits to perceive external stimuli and to induce the specific responses in the plant needed to survive. Here, we summarize both older and recent findings concerning the involvement of Ca2+ signalling in the homeostasis of nutrients. In this review, we present new emerging technologies, based on the use of genetically encoded Ca2+ sensors and advanced microscopy, which offer the chance to perform in planta analyses of Ca2+ dynamics at cellular resolution. The harnessing of these technologies with different genetic backgrounds and subjected to different nutritional stresses will provide important insights to the still little-known mechanisms of nutrient sensing in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Vigani
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, 10135, Italy
| | - Alex Costa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20133, Italy
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25
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Genome-wide analysis of magnesium transporter genes in Solanum lycopersicum. Comput Biol Chem 2019; 80:498-511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Zhang L, Wen A, Wu X, Pan X, Wu N, Chen X, Chen Y, Mao D, Chen L, Luan S. Molecular identification of the magnesium transport gene family in Brassica napus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 136:204-214. [PMID: 30690277 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential element for plant growth. Its transport and homeostasis in plants is mainly maintained by the MRS2/MGT of Mg2+ transporters. Little is known about the MRS2/MGT gene family in Brassica napus L. (B. napus), one of the most important oil grains. In our present study, we identified 36 putative MRS2/MGT genes (BnMGTs) from B. napus and investigated their phylogeny, expression pattern and function. These BnMGT genes were sorted into five distinguished groups by the phylogenetic analysis, and they were clearly homologous with the MRS2/MGT genes in Arabidopsis and rice. Complementation assays using the Salmonella typhimurium mutant MM281 demonstrated that the BnMGT genes were capable of mediating Mg2+ uptake and transport, with varied affinities to Mg2+. The expression pattern analysis showed that the expression of BnMGTs were tissue-specific and varied in different tissues. This work provides the molecular basis to discover the function of BnMGT gene family in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Anning Wen
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xiaoling Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Nan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Dandan Mao
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Liangbi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Sheng Luan
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, California, USA.
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27
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Zhang L, Peng Y, Li J, Tian X, Chen Z. OsMGT1 Confers Resistance to Magnesium Deficiency By Enhancing the Import of Mg in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010207. [PMID: 30626062 PMCID: PMC6337559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential nutrient element for plant growth and plays an important role in numerous physiological and biochemical processes. Mg deficiency inhibits plant growth and has become a growing problem for crop productions in agriculture. However, the molecular mechanisms for the resistance to Mg deficiency in plants were not well understood. In this study, we identified a Mg transporter gene OsMGT1 that confers resistance to Mg deficiency in rice (Oryza sativa). The expression of OsMGT1 was highly induced by Mg deficiency in shoots. Investigation of tissue expression patterns revealed that OsMGT1 was mainly expressed in the phloem region; however, Mg deficiency remarkably enhanced its expression in xylem parenchyma and mesophyll cells in shoots. Knockout of OsMGT1 resulted in a significant reduction in Mg content and biomass when grown at Mg-limited conditions. Furthermore, the sensitivity to low-Mg in mutants was intensified by excessive calcium supply. In addition, overexpression of OsMGT1 increased Mg content and biomass under low-Mg supply. In conclusion, our results indicate that OsMGT1 plays an important role in rice Mg import and is required for the resistance to Mg deficiency, which can be utilized for molecular breeding of low-Mg tolerant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludan Zhang
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yuyang Peng
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xinyue Tian
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zhichang Chen
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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28
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Vacuolar Proton Pyrophosphatase Is Required for High Magnesium Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113617. [PMID: 30453498 PMCID: PMC6274811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential nutrient in all organisms. However, high levels of Mg2+ in the environment are toxic to plants. In this study, we identified the vacuolar-type H⁺-pyrophosphatase, AVP1, as a critical enzyme for optimal plant growth under high-Mg conditions. The Arabidopsis avp1 mutants displayed severe growth retardation, as compared to the wild-type plants upon excessive Mg2+. Unexpectedly, the avp1 mutant plants retained similar Mg content to wild-type plants under either normal or high Mg conditions, suggesting that AVP1 may not directly contribute to Mg2+ homeostasis in plant cells. Further analyses confirmed that the avp1 mutant plants contained a higher pyrophosphate (PPi) content than wild type, coupled with impaired vacuolar H⁺-pyrophosphatase activity. Interestingly, expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytosolic inorganic pyrophosphatase1 gene IPP1, which facilitates PPi hydrolysis but not proton translocation into vacuole, rescued the growth defects of avp1 mutants under high-Mg conditions. These results provide evidence that high-Mg sensitivity in avp1 mutants possibly resulted from elevated level of cytosolic PPi. Moreover, genetic analysis indicated that mutation of AVP1 was additive to the defects in mgt6 and cbl2 cbl3 mutants that are previously known to be impaired in Mg2+ homeostasis. Taken together, our results suggest AVP1 is required for cellular PPi homeostasis that in turn contributes to high-Mg tolerance in plant cells.
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29
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Ishijima S, Manabe Y, Shinkawa Y, Hotta A, Tokumasu A, Ida M, Sagami I. The homologous Arabidopsis MRS2/MGT/CorA-type Mg2+ channels, AtMRS2-10 and AtMRS2-1 exhibit different aluminum transport activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:2184-2191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Ogura T, Kobayashi NI, Suzuki H, Iwata R, Nakanishi TM, Tanoi K. Magnesium uptake characteristics in Arabidopsis revealed by 28Mg tracer studies. PLANTA 2018; 248:745-750. [PMID: 29882157 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2936-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Mg2+ uptake system in Arabidopsis roots is Gd3+- and Fe2+-sensitive, and responds to a changing Mg2+ concentration within 1 h with the participation of AtMRS2 transporters. Magnesium (Mg2+) absorption and the mechanism regulating its activity have not been clarified yet. To address these issues, it is necessary to reveal the characteristics of Mg2+ uptake in roots. Therefore, we first investigated the Mg2+ uptake characteristics in roots of 1-week-old Arabidopsis plants using 28Mg. The Mg2+ uptake system in roots was up-regulated within 1 h in response to the low Mg2+ condition. This induction was inhibited in Arabidopsis "mitochondrial RNA splicing 2/magnesium transport" mutants atmrs2-4/atmgt6 and atmrs2-7/atmgt7, while the expression of AtMRS2-4/AtMGT6 and AtMRS2-7/AtMGT7 genes in the Arabidopsis wild-type was not responsive to Mg2+ conditions. In addition, the Mg deficiency-induced Mg2+ uptake system was shut-down within 5 min when Mg2+ was resupplied to the environment. An inhibition study showed that the constitutive mechanism functioning in Mg2+ uptake under Mg2+ sufficient conditions was sensitive to a number of divalent and trivalent cations, particularly Gd3+ and Fe2+, but not to K+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Ogura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Natsuko I Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hisashi Suzuki
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ren Iwata
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tomoko M Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanoi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
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Li H, Liu C, Zhou L, Zhao Z, Li Y, Qu M, Huang K, Zhang L, Lu Y, Cao M, Gao S, Zhang S. Molecular and functional characterization of the magnesium transporter gene ZmMGT12 in maize. Gene 2018; 665:167-173. [PMID: 29702186 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential mineral element for normal plant growth and development, and the CorA/MRS2/MGT-type Mg transporters play a significant role in maintaining Mg homeostasis in plants. In total, 12 maize CorA-like Mg2+ transporters have been identified, but none of them had been functionally characterized. Accordingly, we cloned and functionally characterized ZmMGT12 from the maize CorA-like gene family. ZmMGT12 exhibited the structure typical of Mg2+ transporters, i.e., two conserved TM domains and a GMN tripeptide motif. ZmMGT12, Arabidopsis AtMGT6, and rice OsMRS2-6 shared high protein sequence identity and thus clustered in the same phylogenetic branch, suggesting that they could be homologs. A functional complementation assay in the Salmonella typhimurium MM281 mutant indicated that ZmMGT12 possessed Mg2+ transport ability. ZmMGT12 was expressed in roots, stems, and leaves, with the highest expression in leaves. Moreover, ZmMGT12 expression was induced by light and exhibited a circadian expression pattern. In addition, the expression level of ZmMGT12 in leaf tissue was related to chlorophyll synthesis. Overexpression of ZmMGT12 in Arabidopsis caused no phenotypic change in transgenic plants, including in fresh shoot weight, chlorophyll content, shoot Mg2+ content, and chloroplast Mg2+ content. Together, these results suggest that ZmMGT12 is a Mg2+ transporter and may play a role in Mg transport into chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Chan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Min Qu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kaifeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Moju Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shibin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Suzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Yan YW, Mao DD, Yang L, Qi JL, Zhang XX, Tang QL, Li YP, Tang RJ, Luan S. Magnesium Transporter MGT6 Plays an Essential Role in Maintaining Magnesium Homeostasis and Regulating High Magnesium Tolerance in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:274. [PMID: 29593754 PMCID: PMC5857585 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is one of the essential nutrients for all living organisms. Plants acquire Mg from the environment and distribute within their bodies in the ionic form via Mg2+-permeable transporters. In Arabidopsis, the plasma membrane-localized magnesium transporter MGT6 mediates Mg2+ uptake under Mg-limited conditions, and therefore is important for the plant adaptation to low-Mg environment. In this study, we further assessed the physiological function of MGT6 using a knockout T-DNA insertional mutant allele. We found that MGT6 was required for normal plant growth during various developmental stages when the environmental Mg2+ was low. Interestingly, in addition to the hypersensitivity to Mg2+ limitation, mgt6 mutants displayed dramatic growth defects when external Mg2+ was in excess. Compared with wild-type plants, mgt6 mutants generally contained less Mg2+ under both low and high external Mg2+ conditions. Reciprocal grafting experiments further underpinned a role of MGT6 in a shoot-based mechanism for detoxifying excessive Mg2+ in the environment. Moreover, we found that mgt6 mgt7 double mutant showed more severe phenotypes compared with single mutants under both low- and high-Mg2+ stress conditions, suggesting that these two MGT-type transporters play an additive role in controlling plant Mg2+ homeostasis under a wide range of external Mg2+ concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Yan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan-Dan Mao
- Nanjing University–Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Nanjing University–Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Liang Qi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Nanjing University–Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Qing-Lin Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang-Ping Li
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ren-Jie Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Li H, Wang N, Ding J, Liu C, Du H, Huang K, Cao M, Lu Y, Gao S, Zhang S. The maize CorA/MRS2/MGT-type Mg transporter, ZmMGT10, responses to magnesium deficiency and confers low magnesium tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 95:269-278. [PMID: 28871377 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ZmMGT10 was specifically expressed in maize roots and induced by a deficiency of magnesium. Overexpression of ZmMGT10 restored growth deficiency of the Salmonella typhimurium MM281 strain and enhanced the tolerance in Arabidopsis to stress induced by low magnesium levels by increasing uptake of Mg2+ via roots. CorA/MRS2/MGT-type Mg2+ transporters play a significant role in maintaining magnesium (Mg) homeostasis in plants. Although the maize CorA/MRS2/MGT family comprises of 12 members, currently no member has been functionally characterized. Here, we report the isolation and functional characterization of ZmMGT10 from the maize MRS2/MGT gene family. ZmMGT10 has a typical structure feature which includes two conserved TMs near the C-terminal end and an altered AMN tripeptide motif. The high sequence similarity and close phylogenetic relationship indicates that ZmMGT10 is probably the counterpart of Arabidopsis AtMGT6. The complementation of the Salmonella typhimurium mutated MM281 strain indicates that ZmMGT10 possesses the ability to transport Mg2+. ZmMGT10 was specifically expressed in the plant roots and it can be stimulated by a deficiency of Mg. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants which overexpressed ZmMGT10 grew more vigorously than wild-type plants under low Mg conditions, exhibited by longer root length, higher plant fresh weight and chlorophyll content, suggesting ZmMGT10 was essential for plant growth and development under low Mg conditions. Further investigations found that high accumulation of Mg2+ occurred in transgenic plants attributed to improved Mg2+ uptake and thereby enhanced tolerance to Mg deficiency. Results from this investigation illustrate that ZmMGT10 is a Mg transporter of maize which can enhance the tolerance to Mg deficient conditions by improving Mg2+ uptake in the transgenic plants of Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jianzhou Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hanmei Du
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kaifeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Moju Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shibin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Suzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Tang RJ, Luan S. Regulation of calcium and magnesium homeostasis in plants: from transporters to signaling network. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 39:97-105. [PMID: 28709026 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) are the most abundant divalent cations in plants. As a nutrient and a signaling ion, Ca2+ levels in the cell are tightly controlled by an array of channels and carriers that provide mechanistic basis for Ca2+ homeostasis and the generation of Ca2+ signals. Although a family of CorA-type Mg2+ transporters plays a key role in controlling Mg2+ homeostasis in plants, more components are yet to be identified. Ca2+ and Mg2+ appear to have antagonistic interactions in plant cells, and therefore plants depend on a homeostatic balance between Ca2+ and Mg2+ for optimal growth and development. Maintenance of such a balance in response to changing nutrient status in the soil emerges as a critical feature of plant mineral nutrition. Studies have uncovered signaling mechanisms that perceive nutrient status as a signal and regulate transport activities as adaptive responses. This 'nutrient sensing' network is exemplified by the Ca2+-dependent CBL (calcineurin B-like)-CIPK (CBL-interacting protein kinase) pathway that serves as a major link between environmental nutrient status and transport activities. In this review, we analyze the recent literature on Ca2+ and Mg2+ transport systems and their regulation and provide our perspectives on future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jie Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States.
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Hocking B, Conn SJ, Manohar M, Xu B, Athman A, Stancombe MA, Webb AR, Hirschi KD, Gilliham M. Heterodimerization of Arabidopsis calcium/proton exchangers contributes to regulation of guard cell dynamics and plant defense responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4171-4183. [PMID: 28645169 PMCID: PMC5853972 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana cation exchangers (CAX1 and CAX3) are closely related tonoplast-localized calcium/proton (Ca2+/H+) antiporters that contribute to cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. CAX1 and CAX3 were previously shown to interact in yeast; however, the function of this complex in plants has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that expression of CAX1 and CAX3 occurs in guard cells. Additionally, CAX1 and CAX3 are co-expressed in mesophyll tissue in response to wounding or flg22 treatment, due to the induction of CAX3 expression. Having shown that the transporters can be co-expressed in the same cells, we demonstrate that CAX1 and CAX3 can form homomeric and heteromeric complexes in plants. Consistent with the formation of a functional CAX1-CAX3 complex, CAX1 and CAX3 integrated into the yeast genome suppressed a Ca2+-hypersensitive phenotype of mutants defective in vacuolar Ca2+ transport, and demonstrated enzyme kinetics different from those of either CAX protein expressed by itself. We demonstrate that the interactions between CAX proteins contribute to the functioning of stomata, because stomata were more closed in cax1-1, cax3-1, and cax1-1/cax3-1 loss-of-function mutants due to an inability to buffer Ca2+ effectively. We hypothesize that the formation of CAX1-CAX3 complexes may occur in the mesophyll to affect intracellular Ca2+ signaling during defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradleigh Hocking
- Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Simon J Conn
- Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Murli Manohar
- US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bo Xu
- Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Asmini Athman
- Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | | | - Alex R Webb
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kendal D Hirschi
- US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Correspondence: ;
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- Correspondence: ;
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Liang S, Qi Y, Zhao J, Li Y, Wang R, Shao J, Liu X, An L, Yu F. Mutations in the Arabidopsis AtMRS2-11/ AtMGT10/ VAR5 Gene Cause Leaf Reticulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2007. [PMID: 29234332 PMCID: PMC5712471 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, the development of functional chloroplasts is essential for photosynthesis and many other physiological processes. With a long-term goal of elucidating the genetic regulation of chloroplast development, we identified two allelic leaf variegation mutants, variegated5-1 (var5-1) and var5-2. Both mutants showed a distinct leaf reticulation phenotype of yellow paraveinal regions and green interveinal regions, and the leaf reticulation phenotype correlated with photosynthetic defects. Through the identification of mutation sites in the two mutant alleles and the molecular complementation, we confirmed that VAR5 encodes a CorA family of Mg2+ transporters also known as AtMRS2-11/AtMGT10. Using protoplast transient expression and biochemical fractionation assays, we demonstrated that AtMRS2-11/AtMGT10/VAR5 likely localizes to the chloroplast envelope. Moreover, we established that AtMRS2-11/AtMGT10/VAR5 forms large molecular weight complexes in the chloroplast and the sizes of these complexes clearly exceed those of their bacterial counterparts, suggesting the compositions of CorA Mg2+ transporter complex is different between the chloroplast and bacteria. Our findings indicate that AtMRS2-11/AtMGT10/VAR5 plays an important role in the tissue specific regulation of chloroplast development.
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Li S, Yu X, Cheng Z, Yu X, Ruan M, Li W, Peng M. Global Gene Expression Analysis Reveals Crosstalk between Response Mechanisms to Cold and Drought Stresses in Cassava Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1259. [PMID: 28769962 PMCID: PMC5513928 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress negatively impacts cassava (Manihot esculenta) growth and yield. Several molecular mechanisms of plant response to cold and drought have been identified and described in the literature, however, little is known about the crosstalk of the responses of cassava to these two stresses. To elucidate this question, transcriptome analysis of cassava seedlings under cold or PEG-simulated drought stress treatment was performed. Our results showed that 6103 and 7462 transcripts were significantly regulated by cold and drought stress, respectively. Gene Ontology annotation revealed that the abscisic and jasmonic acid signaling pathways shared between the two stresses responses. We further identified 2434 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 1130 up-regulated and 841 down-regulated DEGs by the two stresses. These co-induced or co-suppressed genes are grouped as stress signal perception and transduction, transcription factors (TFs), metabolism as well as transport facilitation according to the function annotation. Furthermore, a large proportion of well characterized protein kinases, TF families and ubiquitin proteasome system related genes, such as RLKs, MAPKs, AP2/ERFBPs, WRKYs, MYBs, E2 enzymes and E3 ligases, including three complexes of interacting proteins were shown as key points of crosstalk between cold and drought stress signaling transduction pathways in a hierarchical manner. Our research provides valuable information and new insights for genetically improving the tolerance of crops to multiple abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Li
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Zhihao Cheng
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Xiaoling Yu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Mengbin Ruan
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Ming Peng
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Peng,
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Li H, Du H, Huang K, Chen X, Liu T, Gao S, Liu H, Tang Q, Rong T, Zhang S. Identification, and Functional and Expression Analyses of the CorA/MRS2/MGT-Type Magnesium Transporter Family in Maize. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:1153-68. [PMID: 27084594 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg(2+)) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development, and the CorA/MRS2/MGT-type Mg(2+) transporters play important roles in maintaining Mg(2+) homeostasis in plants. Although the MRS2/MGT genes have been identified in two model plant species, Arabidopsis and rice, a comprehensive analysis of the MRS2/MGT gene family in other plants is lacking. In this work, 12 putative MRS2/MGT genes (ZmMGT1- ZmMGT12) were identified in maize and all of them were classified into five distinct subfamilies by phylogenetic analysis. A complementation assay in the Salmonella typhimurium MM281 strain showed that five representatives of the 12 members possess Mg(2+) transport abilities. Inhibition of ZmMGT protein activity using the hexaamminecobalt (III) (Co-Hex) inhibitor indicated that the ZmMGT protein mediated both low-affinity and high-affinity Mg(2+) transport in maize. A semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that eight genes were constitutively expressed in all of the detected tissues, with one being specifically expressed in roots and three having no detectable expression signals. A quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that some ZmMGT members displayed differential responses to Mg(2+) deficiency and aluminum (Al) stress. Furthermore, root growth inhibition and Mg(2+) accumulation analyses in two maize inbred lines, which conferred different levels of Al tolerance, revealed that ZmMGT proteins contributed to the Al resistance of the Al tolerance genotype. We hypothesize that ZmMGT family members function as Mg(2+) transporters and may play a role in linking Mg(2+) deficiency and Al stress responses. Our results will be valuable in a further analysis of the important biological functions of ZmMGT members in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hanmei Du
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kaifeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shibin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hailan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qilin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tingzhao Rong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Suzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Oda K, Kamiya T, Shikanai Y, Shigenobu S, Yamaguchi K, Fujiwara T. The Arabidopsis Mg Transporter, MRS2-4, is Essential for Mg Homeostasis Under Both Low and High Mg Conditions. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:754-63. [PMID: 26748081 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential macronutrient, functioning as both a cofactor of many enzymes and as a component of Chl. Mg is abundant in plants; however, further investigation of the Mg transporters involved in Mg uptake and distribution is needed. Here, we isolated an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant sensitive to high calcium (Ca) conditions without Mg supplementation. The causal gene of the mutant encodes MRS2-4, an Mg transporter.MRS2-4 single mutants exhibited growth defects under low Mg conditions, whereas an MRS2-4 and MRS2-7 double mutant exhibited growth defects even under normal Mg concentrations. Under normal Mg conditions, the Mg concentration of the MRS2-4 mutant was lower than that of the wild type. The transcriptome profiles of mrs2-4-1 mutants under normal conditions were similar to those of wild-type plants grown under low Mg conditions. In addition, both mrs2-4 and mrs2-7 mutants were sensitive to high levels of Mg. These results indicate that both MRS2-4 and MRS2-7 are essential for Mg homeostasis, even under normal and high Mg conditions. MRS2-4-green fluorescent protein (GFP) was mainly detected in the endoplasmic reticulum. These results indicate that these two MRS2 transporter genes are essential for the ability to adapt to a wide range of environmental Mg concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshiro Oda
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Takehiro Kamiya
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Yusuke Shikanai
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585 Japan
| | | | - Toru Fujiwara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
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Manik SMN, Shi S, Mao J, Dong L, Su Y, Wang Q, Liu H. The Calcium Sensor CBL-CIPK Is Involved in Plant's Response to Abiotic Stresses. Int J Genomics 2015; 2015:493191. [PMID: 26495279 PMCID: PMC4606401 DOI: 10.1155/2015/493191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stress halts the physiological and developmental process of plant. During stress condition, CBL-CIPK complex is identified as a primary element of calcium sensor to perceive environmental signals. Recent studies established that this complex regulates downstream targets like ion channels and transporters in adverse stages conditions. Crosstalks between the CBL-CIPK complex and different abiotic stresses can extend our research area, which can improve and increase the production of genetically modified crops in response to abiotic stresses. How this complex links with environmental signals and creates adjustable circumstances under unfavorable conditions is now one of the burning issues. Diverse studies are already underway to delineate this signalling mechanism underlying different interactions. Therefore, up to date experimental results should be concisely published, thus paving the way for further research. The present review will concisely recapitulate the recent and ongoing research progress of positive ions (Mg(2+), Na(+), and K(+)), negative ions (NO3 (-), PO4 (-)), and hormonal signalling, which are evolving from accumulating results of analyses of CBL and CIPK loss- or gain-of-function experiments in different species along with some progress and perspectives of our works. In a word, this review will give one step forward direction for more functional studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Nuruzzaman Manik
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266101, China
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sujuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jingjing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266101, China
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lianhong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266101, China
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yulong Su
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266101, China
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Haobao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266101, China
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Kobayashi NI, Tanoi K. Critical Issues in the Study of Magnesium Transport Systems and Magnesium Deficiency Symptoms in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:23076-93. [PMID: 26404266 PMCID: PMC4613352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160923076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is the second most abundant cation in living cells. Over 300 enzymes are known to be Mg-dependent, and changes in the Mg concentration significantly affects the membrane potential. As Mg becomes deficient, starch accumulation and chlorosis, bridged by the generation of reactive oxygen species, are commonly found in Mg-deficient young mature leaves. These defects further cause the inhibition of photosynthesis and finally decrease the biomass. Recently, transcriptome analysis has indicated the transcriptinal downregulation of chlorophyll apparatus at the earlier stages of Mg deficiency, and also the potential involvement of complicated networks relating to hormonal signaling and circadian oscillation. However, the processes of the common symptoms as well as the networks between Mg deficiency and signaling are not yet fully understood. Here, for the purpose of defining the missing pieces, several problems are considered and explained by providing an introduction to recent reports on physiological and transcriptional responses to Mg deficiency. In addition, it has long been unclear whether the Mg deficiency response involves the modulation of Mg2+ transport system. In this review, the current status of research on Mg2+ transport and the relating transporters are also summarized. Especially, the rapid progress in physiological characterization of the plant MRS2 gene family as well as the fundamental investigation about the molecular mechanism of the action of bacterial CorA proteins are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko I Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Keitaro Tanoi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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Pinto E, Ferreira IMPLVO. Cation transporters/channels in plants: Tools for nutrient biofortification. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 179:64-82. [PMID: 25841207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cation transporters/channels are key players in a wide range of physiological functions in plants, including cell signaling, osmoregulation, plant nutrition and metal tolerance. The recent identification of genes encoding some of these transport systems has allowed new studies toward further understanding of their integrated roles in plant. This review summarizes recent discoveries regarding the function and regulation of the multiple systems involved in cation transport in plant cells. The role of membrane transport in the uptake, distribution and accumulation of cations in plant tissues, cell types and subcellular compartments is described. We also discuss how the knowledge of inter- and intra-species variation in cation uptake, transport and accumulation as well as the molecular mechanisms responsible for these processes can be used to increase nutrient phytoavailability and nutrients accumulation in the edible tissues of plants. The main trends for future research in the field of biofortification are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Pinto
- REQUIMTE/Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy - University of Porto, Portugal; CISA - Research Centre on Environment and Health, School of Allied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal.
| | - Isabel M P L V O Ferreira
- REQUIMTE/Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy - University of Porto, Portugal
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Tonoplast CBL-CIPK calcium signaling network regulates magnesium homeostasis in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:3134-9. [PMID: 25646412 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1420944112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Mg(2+) is essential for a myriad of cellular processes, high levels of Mg(2+) in the environment, such as those found in serpentine soils, become toxic to plants. In this study, we identified two calcineurin B-like (CBL) proteins, CBL2 and CBL3, as key regulators for plant growth under high-Mg conditions. The Arabidopsis mutant lacking both CBL2 and CBL3 displayed severe growth retardation in the presence of excess Mg(2+), implying elevated Mg(2+) toxicity in these plants. Unexpectedly, the cbl2 cbl3 mutant plants retained lower Mg content than wild-type plants under either normal or high-Mg conditions, suggesting that CBL2 and CBL3 may be required for vacuolar Mg(2+) sequestration. Indeed, patch-clamp analysis showed that the cbl2 cbl3 mutant exhibited reduced Mg(2+) influx into the vacuole. We further identified four CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs), CIPK3, -9, -23, and -26, as functionally overlapping components downstream of CBL2/3 in the signaling pathway that facilitates Mg(2+) homeostasis. The cipk3 cipk9 cipk23 cipk26 quadruple mutant, like the cbl2 cbl3 double mutant, was hypersensitive to high-Mg conditions; furthermore, CIPK3/9/23/26 physically interacted with CBL2/3 at the vacuolar membrane. Our results thus provide evidence that CBL2/3 and CIPK3/9/23/26 constitute a multivalent interacting network that regulates the vacuolar sequestration of Mg(2+), thereby protecting plants from Mg(2+) toxicity.
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Li J, Huang Y, Tan H, Yang X, Tian L, Luan S, Chen L, Li D. An endoplasmic reticulum magnesium transporter is essential for pollen development in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 231:212-20. [PMID: 25576006 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium is one of the essential macro-elements for plant growth and development, participated in photosynthesis and various metabolic processes. The Mg-transport abilities of the AtMGT (Magnesium Transporter) genes were identified in bacteria or yeast mutant system. In our previous studies, both the AtMGT5 and AtMGT9 were found essential for pollen development in Arabidopsis. Here we report another AtMGT member, AtMGT4, which was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, was essential for pollen development as well. AtMGT4 expressed notably in pollen grains from bicellular pollen stage to mature pollen stage. A T-DNA insertional mutant of the gene, named mgt4-1, showed pollen abortive phenotype, thus we could not get any homozygous mutant from progenies of self-crossed +/mgt4-1 plants. Meanwhile, nearly half of pollens in AtMGT4-RNAi transgenic lines were sterile, consistent with the phenotype of +/mgt4-1 mutant. Transgenic plants expressing AtMGT4 in the mgt4-1 background could recover the pollen fertility to the wild type. Together, our findings demonstrated that the disruption of AtMGT4 in Arabidopsis could cause a defect of pollen development. The visible pollen abortion appeared at bicellular pollen stage in +/mgt4-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Yuan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Hong Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Xiao Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Lianfu Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Sheng Luan
- NJU-NJFU Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Liangbi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China.
| | - Dongping Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China.
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Guo W, Cong Y, Hussain N, Wang Y, Liu Z, Jiang L, Liang Z, Chen K. The remodeling of seedling development in response to long-term magnesium toxicity and regulation by ABA-DELLA signaling in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 55:1713-26. [PMID: 25074907 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Little information is available about signaling response to magnesium toxicity (MgT) in plants. This study presents the first evidence that abscisic acid (ABA) and DELLA proteins participate in signaling response to long-term MgT in Arabidopsis thaliana (Landsberg erecta). Morphological, physiological, and molecular characteristics of a wild-type and two Arabidopsis mutants, ABA-insensitive mutant abi1-1 and constitutive elevated GA response mutant quadruple-DELLA (DELLA-Q: gai-t6 rga-t2 rgl1-1 rgl2-1) were monitored under MgT and normal magnesium conditions. Two weeks of MgT treatment strongly influenced the growth of young plants, but growth inhibition of the DELLA-Q and abi1-1 mutants was less than that of the wild-type plants. Exogenous ABA further inhibited the growth of the DELLA-Q mutants, similar to that of the wild-type. Both ABA and MgT also promoted DELLA protein RGA accumulation in the nuclei. Transcriptional analysis supported these results and revealed that a complex signaling network has responded to MgT in Arabidopsis. DELLA enhancement, which depends on ABI1, contributed to the remodeling growth and development of young seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Guo
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Campus, Hangzhou, 310018 China These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yuexi Cong
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058 China These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Zhongli Liu
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Lixi Jiang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Campus, Hangzhou, 310018 China
| | - Kunming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 China
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Mao D, Chen J, Tian L, Liu Z, Yang L, Tang R, Li J, Lu C, Yang Y, Shi J, Chen L, Li D, Luan S. Arabidopsis Transporter MGT6 Mediates Magnesium Uptake and Is Required for Growth under Magnesium Limitation. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:2234-2248. [PMID: 24794135 PMCID: PMC4079380 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.124628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Although magnesium (Mg2+) is the most abundant divalent cation in plant cells, little is known about the mechanism of Mg2+ uptake by plant roots. Here, we report a key function of Magnesium Transport6 (MGT6)/Mitochondrial RNA Splicing2-4 in Mg2+ uptake and low-Mg2+ tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. MGT6 is expressed mainly in plant aerial tissues when Mg2+ levels are high in the soil or growth medium. Its expression is highly induced in the roots during Mg2+ deficiency, suggesting a role for MGT6 in response to the low-Mg2+ status in roots. Silencing of MGT6 in transgenic plants by RNA interference (RNAi) resulted in growth retardation under the low-Mg2+ condition, and the phenotype was restored to normal growth after RNAi plants were transferred to Mg2+-sufficient medium. RNAi plants contained lower levels of Mg2+ compared with wild-type plants under low Mg2+ but not under Mg2+-sufficient conditions. Further analysis indicated that MGT6 was localized in the plasma membrane and played a key role in Mg2+ uptake by roots under Mg2+ limitation. We conclude that MGT6 mediates Mg2+ uptake in roots and is required for plant adaptation to a low-Mg2+ environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Mao
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Lianfu Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Renjie Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Jian Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Changqing Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yonghua Yang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jisen Shi
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, MOF Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Liangbi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Dongping Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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Hermans C, Conn SJ, Chen J, Xiao Q, Verbruggen N. An update on magnesium homeostasis mechanisms in plants. Metallomics 2014; 5:1170-83. [PMID: 23420558 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt20223b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, nearly two-thirds of the population do not consume the recommended amount of magnesium (Mg) in their diet. Furthermore, low Mg status (hypomagnesaemia) is known to contribute to a number of human chronic disease conditions. Because the principal dietary Mg source is of plant origin, agronomic and genetic biofortification strategies are aimed at improving nutritional Mg content in food crops to overcome this mineral deficiency in humans. This update incorporates the contributions of annotated permeases involved in Mg uptake, storage and recycling with a schematic model of Mg movement at the organ and cellular levels in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, approaches using mutagenesis or natural ionomic variation to identify loci involved in Mg homeostasis in roots, leaves and seeds will be summarised. A brief overview will be presented on how Arabidopsis research can help to develop strategies for biofortification of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hermans
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP 242, Bd du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Saito T, Kobayashi NI, Tanoi K, Iwata N, Suzuki H, Iwata R, Nakanishi TM. Expression and functional analysis of the CorA-MRS2-ALR-type magnesium transporter family in rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 54:1673-83. [PMID: 23926064 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of an appropriate magnesium ion (Mg(2+)) concentration is essential for plant growth. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the CorA-MRS2-ALR-type proteins, named MRS2/MGT family proteins, are reportedly localized in various membranes and they function in Mg transport. However, knowledge of this family in other plant species is extremely limited. Furthermore, differential diversification among dicot and monocot plants suggested by phylogenetic analysis indicates that the role of the Arabidopsis MRS2/MGT family proteins is not the same in monocot plants. For a further understanding of this family in higher plants, functional analysis and gene expression profiling of rice MRS2/MGT family members were performed. A phylogenetic tree based on the isolated mRNA sequences of nine members of the OsMRS2 family confirmed that the MRS2/MGT family consists of five clades (A-E). A complementation assay in the yeast CM66 strain showed that four of the nine members possessed the Mg(2+) transport ability. Transient green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in the isolated rice protoplast indicated that OsMRS2-5 and OsMRS2-6, belonging to clades D and A, respectively, localized in the chloroplast. Expression levels of these genes were low in the unexpanded yellow-green leaf, but increased considerably with leaf maturation. In addition, diurnal oscillation of expression was observed, particularly in OsMRS2-6 expression in the expanded leaf blade. We conclude that OsMRS2 family members function as Mg transporters and suggest that the genes belonging to clade A encode the chloroplast-localized Mg(2+) transporter in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Saito
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
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