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Fan Z, Mao Z, Liu X, Yi L, Zhang T, Huang X, Deng M. Microstructure of Dolostones of Different Geological Ages and Dedolomitization Reaction. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15124109. [PMID: 35744166 PMCID: PMC9230994 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dolostone is widely distributed and commonly used as concrete aggregates. A large number of studies have shown that there are significant differences in the expansibility of different dolostones, and the key factors determining the expansibility of alkali carbonate rocks have not been clarified. In this paper, rocks were selected from five different geological ages: Jixianian, Cambrian, Ordovician, Devonian, and Triassic ages. The ordering degree and the content of MgCO3 of dolomites in rocks of different geological ages were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The degree of dedolomitization reaction in rocks cured in 80 °C, 1 mol/L NaOH solution was determined by quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD). The morphology of dolomites in rocks was determined by a polarizing microscope. The products of the dedolomitization reaction were determined by field emission electron microscopy (FESEM-EDS). According to the test results, the following conclusions are drawn. There is a good positive correlation between ordering degree and the molar fraction of MgCO3 of dolomites. When the MgCO3 mole fraction of dolomites varies from 47.17% to 49.60%, the higher the MgCO3 mole fraction, the greater the ordering degree of dolomite. By analyzing the degree of the dedolomitization reaction of different dolostone powders cured at 80 °C in 1 mol/L NaOH solution, it is found that the older the geological age of dolostone, the slower the dedolomitization reaction rate and the lower the degree of dedolomitization reaction. The lower the ordering degree of dolomite crystal in the same geological age, the faster the rate of dedolomitization reaction and the higher the degree of dedolomitization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Fan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (Z.F.); (Z.M.); (X.L.); (L.Y.); (T.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Zhongyang Mao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (Z.F.); (Z.M.); (X.L.); (L.Y.); (T.Z.); (X.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (Z.F.); (Z.M.); (X.L.); (L.Y.); (T.Z.); (X.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Lei Yi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (Z.F.); (Z.M.); (X.L.); (L.Y.); (T.Z.); (X.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (Z.F.); (Z.M.); (X.L.); (L.Y.); (T.Z.); (X.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (Z.F.); (Z.M.); (X.L.); (L.Y.); (T.Z.); (X.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Min Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (Z.F.); (Z.M.); (X.L.); (L.Y.); (T.Z.); (X.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211800, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-136-0518-4865
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Mota J, Merlo E, Martínez-Hernández F, Mendoza-Fernández AJ, Pérez-García FJ, Salmerón-Sánchez E. Plants on Rich-Magnesium Dolomite Barrens: A Global Phenomenon. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:38. [PMID: 33429992 PMCID: PMC7826976 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For botanists and ecologists, the close link between some plants and substrates, such as serpentine or gypsum, is well known. However, the relationship between dolomite and its flora has been much less studied, due to various causes. Its diffuse separation from limestone and the use of a vague approach and terminology that, until now, no one has tried to harmonize are among these reasons. After carrying out an extensive review, completed with data on the distribution of plants linked to dolomite, the territories in which this type of flora appears at a global level were mapped using a geographic information system software. In addition, data on soils were collected, as well as on their influence on the ionomic profile of the flora. These data were completed with the authors' own information from previous research, which also served to assess these communities' degree of conservation and the genetic diversity of some of their characteristic species. The results showed that the so-called "dolomite phenomenon" is widely represented and is clearly manifested in the appearance of a peculiar flora, very rich in endemisms, on dry soils, poor in nutrients, and with a high Mg level. Although dolomite habitats cause adaptations in plants which are even more recognizable than those of other rock types, they have not been widely studied from an ecological, evolutionary, and conservation point of view because, so far, neither their characteristics nor their universal demarcation have been precisely defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mota
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, CEI·MAR and CECOUAL, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (J.M.); (E.M.); (F.M.-H.); (A.J.M.-F.); (F.J.P.-G.)
| | - Encarna Merlo
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, CEI·MAR and CECOUAL, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (J.M.); (E.M.); (F.M.-H.); (A.J.M.-F.); (F.J.P.-G.)
| | - Fabián Martínez-Hernández
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, CEI·MAR and CECOUAL, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (J.M.); (E.M.); (F.M.-H.); (A.J.M.-F.); (F.J.P.-G.)
| | - Antonio J. Mendoza-Fernández
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, CEI·MAR and CECOUAL, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (J.M.); (E.M.); (F.M.-H.); (A.J.M.-F.); (F.J.P.-G.)
- Departamento de Botánica, Unidad de Conservación Vegetal, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Pérez-García
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, CEI·MAR and CECOUAL, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (J.M.); (E.M.); (F.M.-H.); (A.J.M.-F.); (F.J.P.-G.)
| | - Esteban Salmerón-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, CEI·MAR and CECOUAL, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (J.M.); (E.M.); (F.M.-H.); (A.J.M.-F.); (F.J.P.-G.)
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Nardini A, Petruzzellis F, Marusig D, Tomasella M, Natale S, Altobelli A, Calligaris C, Floriddia G, Cucchi F, Forte E, Zini L. Water 'on the rocks': a summer drink for thirsty trees? New Phytol 2021; 229:199-212. [PMID: 32772381 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Drought-induced tree mortality frequently occurs in patches with different spatial and temporal distributions, which is only partly explained by inter- and intraspecific variation in drought tolerance. We investigated whether bedrock properties, with special reference to rock water storage capacity, affects tree water status and drought response in a rock-dominated landscape. We measured primary porosity and available water content of breccia (B) and dolostone (D) rocks. Saplings of Fraxinus ornus were grown in pots filled with soil or soil mixed with B and D rocks, and subjected to an experimental drought. Finally, we measured seasonal changes in water status of trees in field sites overlying B or D bedrock. B rocks were more porous and stored more available water than D rocks. Potted saplings grown with D rocks had less biomass and suffered more severe water stress than those with B rocks. Trees in sites with B bedrock had more favourable water status than those on D bedrock which also suffered drought-induced canopy dieback. Bedrock represents an important water source for plants under drought. Different bedrock features translate into contrasting below-ground water availability, leading to landscape-level heterogeneity of the impact of drought on tree water status and dieback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste, 34127, Italia
| | - Francesco Petruzzellis
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste, 34127, Italia
| | - Daniel Marusig
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste, 34127, Italia
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via E. Parmense 84, Piacenza, 29122, Italia
| | - Martina Tomasella
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste, 34127, Italia
| | - Sara Natale
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste, 34127, Italia
| | - Alfredo Altobelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste, 34127, Italia
| | - Chiara Calligaris
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, Università di Trieste, Via E. Weiss 2, Trieste, 34128, Italia
| | - Gabriele Floriddia
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, Università di Trieste, Via E. Weiss 2, Trieste, 34128, Italia
| | - Franco Cucchi
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, Università di Trieste, Via E. Weiss 2, Trieste, 34128, Italia
| | - Emanuele Forte
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, Università di Trieste, Via E. Weiss 2, Trieste, 34128, Italia
| | - Luca Zini
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, Università di Trieste, Via E. Weiss 2, Trieste, 34128, Italia
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