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Lutter F, Brenner W, Krajinski-Barth F, Safavi-Rizi V. Nitric oxide and cytokinin cross-talk and their role in plant hypoxia response. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2329841. [PMID: 38521996 PMCID: PMC10962617 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2329841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and cytokinins (CKs) are known for their crucial contributions to plant development, growth, senescence, and stress response. Despite the importance of both signals in stress responses, their interaction remains largely unexplored. The interplay between NO and CKs emerges as particularly significant not only regarding plant growth and development but also in addressing plant stress response, particularly in the context of extreme weather events leading to yield loss. In this review, we summarize NO and CKs metabolism and signaling. Additionally, we emphasize the crosstalk between NO and CKs, underscoring its potential impact on stress response, with a focus on hypoxia tolerance. Finally, we address the most urgent questions that demand answers and offer recommendations for future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lutter
- Institute of Biology, Department of General and Applied Botany, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfram Brenner
- Institute of Biology, Department of General and Applied Botany, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franziska Krajinski-Barth
- Institute of Biology, Department of General and Applied Botany, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vajiheh Safavi-Rizi
- Institute of Biology, Department of General and Applied Botany, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Taheri P. Crosstalk of nitro-oxidative stress and iron in plant immunity. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 191:137-149. [PMID: 36075546 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of oxygen and nitrogen radicals and their derivatives, known as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), occurs throughout various phases of plant growth in association with biotic and abiotic stresses. One of the consequences of environmental stresses is disruption of homeostasis between production and scavenging of ROS and RNS, which leads to nitro-oxidative burst and affects other defense-related mechanisms, such as polyamines levels, phenolics, lignin and callose as defense components related to plant cell wall reinforcement. Although this subject has attracted huge interest, the cross-talk between these signaling molecules and iron, as a main metal element involved in the activity of various enzymes and numerous vital processes in the living cells, remains largely unexplored. Therefore, it seems necessary to pay more in depth attention to the mechanisms of plant resistance against various environmental stimuli for designing novel and effective plant protection strategies. This review is focused on advances in recent knowledge related to the role of ROS, RNS, and association of these signaling molecules with iron in plant immunity. Furthermore, the role of cell wall fortification as a main physical barrier involved in plant defense have been discussed in association with reactive species and iron ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parissa Taheri
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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3
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Florez-Sarasa I, Welchen E, Racca S, Gonzalez DH, Vallarino JG, Fernie AR, Ribas-Carbo M, Del-Saz NF. Cytochrome c Deficiency Differentially Affects the In Vivo Mitochondrial Electron Partitioning and Primary Metabolism Depending on the Photoperiod. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030444. [PMID: 33652808 PMCID: PMC7996904 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant respiration provides metabolic flexibility under changing environmental conditions by modulating the activity of the nonphosphorylating alternative pathways from the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which bypass the main energy-producing components of the cytochrome oxidase pathway (COP). While adjustments in leaf primary metabolism induced by changes in day length are well studied, possible differences in the in vivo contribution of the COP and the alternative oxidase pathway (AOP) between different photoperiods remain unknown. In our study, in vivo electron partitioning between AOP and COP and expression analysis of respiratory components, photosynthesis, and the levels of primary metabolites were studied in leaves of wild-type (WT) plants and cytochrome c (CYTc) mutants, with reduced levels of COP components, under short- and long-day photoperiods. Our results clearly show that differences in AOP and COP in vivo activities between WT and cytc mutants depend on the photoperiod likely due to energy and stress signaling constraints. Parallel responses observed between in vivo respiratory activities, TCA cycle intermediates, amino acids, and stress signaling metabolites indicate the coordination of different pathways of primary metabolism to support growth adaptation under different photoperiods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.F.-S.); (N.F.D.-S.); Tel.: +34-935-636-600 (I.F.-S.); Fax: +56-41-2221569 (N.F.D.-S.)
| | - Elina Welchen
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina; (E.W.); (S.R.); (D.H.G.)
| | - Sofia Racca
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina; (E.W.); (S.R.); (D.H.G.)
| | - Daniel H. Gonzalez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina; (E.W.); (S.R.); (D.H.G.)
| | - José G. Vallarino
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (J.G.V.); (A.R.F.)
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (J.G.V.); (A.R.F.)
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbo
- Research Group on Plant Biology, Balearic Islands University, Ctra Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Nestor Fernandez Del-Saz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
- Correspondence: (I.F.-S.); (N.F.D.-S.); Tel.: +34-935-636-600 (I.F.-S.); Fax: +56-41-2221569 (N.F.D.-S.)
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Mencarelli F, Bellincontro A. Recent advances in postharvest technology of the wine grape to improve the wine aroma. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:5046-5055. [PMID: 29369355 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest techniques are widely used for the handling and storage of fresh horticultural crops. Some of these techniques are interesting for use with wine grapes to improve the quality of wine. In this review, we consider the postharvest techniques that are already commercially used in the wine sector and others that may be significant in inducing or extracting the aroma from grapes to produce high-quality wines. Precooling consists of rapidly lowering the grape temperature, which allows the preservation/increase of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We also discuss sustainability. Partial dehydration consists of the partial removal of water from grapes, and if a suitable environment is adopted it can be used to produce and extract berry VOCs. As a solid, carbon dioxide is used in wine processing for the rapid cooling of grapes and, as a gas, it is used for carbonic maceration. Ozone has been used for sanitation purposes in wineries for a long time, but more recently it has been used to produce wine without sulfite addition and to increase the aromatic quality of wine grapes. Ethylene application is not used commercially for wine grapes, but promising results in terms of phenolic extraction and aromatic changes in grapes are discussed. A comparison among the proposed techniques is reported in terms of grape aromatic quality and process features. The proposed techniques could help a winemaker to maintain or induce aromatic compounds in grape berries before the vinification process. The choice depends on the desired wine and economic consistency. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Mencarelli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food, and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Andrea Bellincontro
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food, and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Identification of nitric oxide (NO)-responsive genes under hypoxia in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) root. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16509. [PMID: 33020554 PMCID: PMC7536229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73613-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Flooding periods, as one probable consequence of climate change, will lead more frequently to plant hypoxic stress. Hypoxia sensing and signaling in the root, as the first organ encountering low oxygen, is therefore crucial for plant survival under flooding. Nitric oxide has been shown to be one of the main players involved in hypoxia signaling through the regulation of ERFVII transcription factors stability. Using SNP as NO donor, we investigated the NO-responsive genes, which showed a significant response to hypoxia. We identified 395 genes being differentially regulated under both hypoxia and SNP-treatment. Among them, 251 genes showed up- or down-regulation under both conditions which were used for further biological analysis. Functional classification of these genes showed that they belong to different biological categories such as primary carbon and nitrogen metabolism (e.g. glycolysis, fermentation, protein and amino acid metabolism), nutrient and metabolites transport, redox homeostasis, hormone metabolism, regulation of transcription as well as response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Our data shed light on the NO-mediated gene expression modulation under hypoxia and provides potential targets playing a role in hypoxia tolerance. These genes are interesting candidates for further investigating their role in hypoxia signaling and survival.
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Yan X, Ouyang J, Zhang C, Shi Z, Wang B, Ostrikov KK. Plasma medicine for neuroscience-an introduction. Chin Neurosurg J 2020; 5:25. [PMID: 32922924 PMCID: PMC7398231 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-019-0172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma is an ionized gas. It is typically formed at high temperature. As a result of both the development of low-temperature plasma sources and a better understanding of complex plasma phenomena over the last decade, "plasma medicine" has become a booming interdisciplinary research topic of growing importance that explores enormous opportunities at the interface of chemistry, plasma physics, and biomedical sciences with engineering. This review presents the latest development in plasma medicine in the area of the central nervous system and aims to introduce cutting-edge plasma medicine to clinical and translational medical researchers and practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Jiting Ouyang
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Zhongfang Shi
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Boran Wang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000 Australia.,CSIRO-QUT Joint Sustainable Processes and Devices Laboratory, PO Box 218, Bradfield Road, Lindfield, Sydney, New South Wales 2070 Australia
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7
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Safavi-Rizi V, Herde M, Stöhr C. RNA-Seq reveals novel genes and pathways associated with hypoxia duration and tolerance in tomato root. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1692. [PMID: 32015352 PMCID: PMC6997459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to climate change, economically important crop plants will encounter flooding periods causing hypoxic stress more frequently. This may lead to reduced yields and endanger food security. As roots are the first organ to be affected by hypoxia, the ability to sense and respond to hypoxic stress is crucial. At the molecular level, therefore, fine-tuning the regulation of gene expression in the root is essential for hypoxia tolerance. Using an RNA-Seq approach, we investigated transcriptome modulation in tomato roots of the cultivar 'Moneymaker', in response to short- (6 h) and long-term (48 h) hypoxia. Hypoxia duration appeared to have a significant impact on gene expression such that the roots of five weeks old tomato plants showed a distinct time-dependent transcriptome response. We observed expression changes in 267 and 1421 genes under short- and long-term hypoxia, respectively. Among these, 243 genes experienced changed expression at both time points. We identified tomato genes with a potential role in aerenchyma formation which facilitates oxygen transport and may act as an escape mechanism enabling hypoxia tolerance. Moreover, we identified differentially regulated genes related to carbon and amino acid metabolism and redox homeostasis. Of particular interest were the differentially regulated transcription factors, which act as master regulators of downstream target genes involved in responses to short and/or long-term hypoxia. Our data suggest a temporal metabolic and anatomic adjustment to hypoxia in tomato root which requires further investigation. We propose that the regulated genes identified in this study are good candidates for further studies regarding hypoxia tolerance in tomato or other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajiheh Safavi-Rizi
- Department of Plant physiology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Soldmannstrasse 15, D-17487, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Marco Herde
- Department of Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Strasse 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Stöhr
- Department of Plant physiology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Soldmannstrasse 15, D-17487, Greifswald, Germany
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8
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Sharma A, Soares C, Sousa B, Martins M, Kumar V, Shahzad B, Sidhu GPS, Bali AS, Asgher M, Bhardwaj R, Thukral AK, Fidalgo F, Zheng B. Nitric oxide-mediated regulation of oxidative stress in plants under metal stress: a review on molecular and biochemical aspects. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:318-344. [PMID: 31240720 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Given their sessile nature, plants continuously face unfavorable conditions throughout their life cycle, including water scarcity, extreme temperatures and soil pollution. Among all, metal(loid)s are one of the main classes of contaminants worldwide, posing a serious threat to plant growth and development. When in excess, metals which include both essential and non-essential elements, quickly become phytotoxic, inducing the occurrence of oxidative stress. In this way, in order to ensure food production and safety, attempts to enhance plant tolerance to metal(loid)s are urgently needed. Nitric oxide (NO) is recognized as a signaling molecule, highly involved in multiple physiological events, like the response of plants to abiotic stress. Thus, substantial efforts have been made to assess NO potential in alleviating metal-induced oxidative stress in plants. In this review, an updated overview of NO-mediated protection against metal toxicity is provided. After carefully reviewing NO biosynthetic pathways, focus was given to the interaction between NO and the redox homeostasis followed by photosynthetic performance of plants under metal excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Cristiano Soares
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sousa
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Maria Martins
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Botany, DAV University, Jalandhar, 144012, India
| | - Babar Shahzad
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Gagan P S Sidhu
- Department of Environment Education, Government College of Commerce and Business Administration, Chandigarh, 160047, India
| | - Aditi S Bali
- Department of Botany, M.C.M.D.A.V. College for Women, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mohd Asgher
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, 185234, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Ashwani K Thukral
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Fernanda Fidalgo
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
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Kaya C, Higgs D, Ashraf M, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. Integrative roles of nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide in melatonin-induced tolerance of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants to iron deficiency and salt stress alone or in combination. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:256-277. [PMID: 30980533 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
There seems to be no report in the literature on the effect of melatonin (MT) in relieving the detrimental effects of combined application of salt stress (SS) and iron deficiency (ID). Therefore, the effect of MT on the accumulation/synthesis of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) and how far these molecules are involved in MT-improved tolerance to the combined application of ID and SS in pepper (Capsicum annuum L) were tested. Hence, two individual trials were set up. The treatments in the first experiment comprised: Control, ID (0.1 mM FeSO4 ), SS (100 mM NaCl) and ID + SS. The detrimental effects of combined stresses were more prominent than those by either of the single stress, with respect to growth, oxidative stress and antioxidant defense attributes. Single stress or both in combination improved the endogenous H2 S and NO, and foliar-applied MT (100 µM) led to a further increase in NO and H2 S levels. In the second experiment, 0.1 mM scavenger of NO, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium salt (cPTIO) and that of H2 S, hypotuarine (HT) were applied along with MT to get further evidence whether NO and H2 S are involved in MT-induced tolerance to ID and SS. MT combined with cPTIO and HT under a single or combined stress showed that NO effect was reversed by the NO scavenger, cPTIO, alone but the H2 S effect was inhibited by both scavengers. These findings suggested that tolerance to ID and SS induced by MT may be involved in downstream signal crosstalk between NO and H2 S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - David Higgs
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed N Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, S.P. College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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10
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Pandey S, Kumari A, Shree M, Kumar V, Singh P, Bharadwaj C, Loake GJ, Parida SK, Masakapalli SK, Gupta KJ. Nitric oxide accelerates germination via the regulation of respiration in chickpea. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4539-4555. [PMID: 31162578 PMCID: PMC6735774 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is crucial for the plant life cycle. We investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in two chickpea varieties that differ in germination capacity: Kabuli, which has a low rate of germination and germinates slowly, and Desi, which shows improved germination properties. Desi produced more NO than Kabuli and had lower respiratory rates. As a result of the high respiration rates, Kabuli had higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Treatment with the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP) reduced respiration in Kabuli and decreased ROS levels, resulting in accelerated germination rates. These findings suggest that NO plays a key role in the germination of Kabuli. SNAP increased the levels of transcripts encoding enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and the cell cycle. Moreover, the levels of amino acids and organic acids were increased in Kabuli as a result of SNAP treatment. 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed that Kabuli has a higher capacity for glucose oxidation than Desi. An observed SNAP-induced increase in 13C incorporation into soluble alanine may result from enhanced oxidation of exogenous [13C]glucose via glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. A homozygous hybrid that originated from a recombinant inbred line population of a cross between Desi and Kabuli germinated faster and had increased NO levels and a reduced accumulation of ROS compared with Kabuli. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the importance of NO in chickpea germination via the control of respiration and ROS accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonika Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Aprajita Kumari
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Manu Shree
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand 175005, HP, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Gary J Loake
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Swarup K Parida
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110067, New Delhi, India
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11
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Wany A, Kumari A, Gupta KJ. Nitric oxide is essential for the development of aerenchyma in wheat roots under hypoxic stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:3002-3017. [PMID: 28857271 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In response to flooding/waterlogging, plants develop various anatomical changes including the formation of lysigenous aerenchyma for the delivery of oxygen to roots. Under hypoxia, plants produce high levels of nitric oxide (NO) but the role of this molecule in plant-adaptive response to hypoxia is not known. Here, we investigated whether ethylene-induced aerenchyma requires hypoxia-induced NO. Under hypoxic conditions, wheat roots produced NO apparently via nitrate reductase and scavenging of NO led to a marked reduction in aerenchyma formation. Interestingly, we found that hypoxically induced NO is important for induction of the ethylene biosynthetic genes encoding ACC synthase and ACC oxidase. Hypoxia-induced NO accelerated production of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and protein tyrosine nitration. Other events related to cell death such as increased conductivity, increased cellulase activity, DNA fragmentation, and cytoplasmic streaming occurred under hypoxia, and opposing effects were observed by scavenging NO. The NO scavenger cPTIO (2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium salt) and ethylene biosynthetic inhibitor CoCl2 both led to reduced induction of genes involved in signal transduction such as phospholipase C, G protein alpha subunit, calcium-dependent protein kinase family genes CDPK, CDPK2, CDPK 4, Ca-CAMK, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 1, and protein kinase suggesting that hypoxically induced NO is essential for the development of aerenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakanksha Wany
- National Institute for Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Aprajita Kumari
- National Institute for Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
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12
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Measurement of Oxygen Status in Arabidopsis Leaves Undergoing the Hypersensitive Response During Pseudomonas Infection. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28871536 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7292-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
When plants are infected with pathogens they defend themselves via various processes. Once such process is the development of the hypersensitive response (HR), a kind of programmed cell death (PCD), in which localized cell death takes place in order to prevent pathogen spread to other part of tissue. The Arabidopsis and Pseudomonas syringae system is one of the best known examples to study the HR. Here we used the VisiSens™ oxygen-imaging system to investigate oxygen distributions in Arabidopsis leaves infected with an avirulent strain of P. syringae and undergoing the hypersensitive response. Using this method we observed a change in oxygen status at 6 h post-infection and a drop in oxygen levels at 24 h after infection.
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13
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Mur LAJ, Simpson C, Kumari A, Gupta AK, Gupta KJ. Moving nitrogen to the centre of plant defence against pathogens. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 119:703-709. [PMID: 27594647 PMCID: PMC5378193 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants require nitrogen (N) for growth, development and defence against abiotic and biotic stresses. The extensive use of artificial N fertilizers has played an important role in the Green Revolution. N assimilation can involve a reductase series ( NO3- → NO2- → NH4+ ) followed by transamination to form amino acids. Given its widespread use, the agricultural impact of N nutrition on disease development has been extensively examined. SCOPE When a pathogen first comes into contact with a host, it is usually nutrient starved such that rapid assimilation of host nutrients is essential for successful pathogenesis. Equally, the host may reallocate its nutrients to defence responses or away from the site of attempted infection. Exogenous application of N fertilizer can, therefore, shift the balance in favour of the host or pathogen. In line with this, increasing N has been reported either to increase or to decrease plant resistance to pathogens, which reflects differences in the infection strategies of discrete pathogens. Beyond considering only N content, the use of NO3- or NH4+ fertilizers affects the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions. NO3- feeding augments hypersensitive response- (HR) mediated resistance, while ammonium nutrition can compromise defence. Metabolically, NO3- enhances production of polyamines such as spermine and spermidine, which are established defence signals, with NH4+ nutrition leading to increased γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels which may be a nutrient source for the pathogen. Within the defensive N economy, the roles of nitric oxide must also be considered. This is mostly generated from NO2- by nitrate reductase and is elicited by both pathogen-associated microbial patterns and gene-for-gene-mediated defences. Nitric oxide (NO) production and associated defences are therefore NO3- dependent and are compromised by NH4+ . CONCLUSION This review demonstrates how N content and form plays an essential role in defensive primary and secondary metabolism and NO-mediated events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. J. Mur
- Institute of Environmental and Rural Science, Aberystwyth University, Edward Llwyd Building, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK
- For correspondence. E-mail or
| | - Catherine Simpson
- Institute of Environmental and Rural Science, Aberystwyth University, Edward Llwyd Building, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Aprajita Kumari
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110067, New Delhi
| | - Alok Kumar Gupta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110067, New Delhi
| | - Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110067, New Delhi
- For correspondence. E-mail or
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Sunil B, Raghavendra AS. Measurement of Mitochondrial Respiration in Isolated Protoplasts: Cytochrome and Alternative Pathways. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1670:253-265. [PMID: 28871550 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7292-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The electron partitioning between COX and AOX pathways of mitochondria and their coordination is necessary to meet the energy demands as well as to maintain optimized redox status in plants under varying environmental conditions. The relative contribution of these two pathways to total respiration is an important measure during a given stress condition. We describe in detail the procedure that allows the measurement of the parameters of COX and AOX pathway of respiration in mesophyll protoplasts using Clark-type O2 electrode. This chapter also lists the steps for rapid isolation procedure for mesophyll protoplasts from pea leaves. The advantages and limitations of the use of metabolic inhibitors and the protoplasts for measuring the respiration are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobba Sunil
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Agepati S Raghavendra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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15
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Derevyanchuk M, Kretynin S, Iakovenko O, Litvinovskaya R, Zhabinskii V, Martinec J, Blume Y, Khripach V, Kravets V. Effect of 24-epibrassinolide on Brassica napus alternative respiratory pathway, guard cells movements and phospholipid signaling under salt stress. Steroids 2017; 117:16-24. [PMID: 27913097 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Using Brassica napus roots we observed statistically significant increase in alternative respiratory pathway in response to exogenous 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) under optimal conditions and salinity. Also we observed activation of phospholipid signaling under the same conditions in response to EBL by measuring levels of lipid second messengers - diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidic acid (PA). We found that brassinosteroids cause closure of stomata in isolated leaf disks while inhibitors of alternative oxidase cancelled these effects. This study demonstrates that BRs activate total respiration rate, alternative respiratory pathway, production of PA and DAG, stimulate stomata closure and growth under optimal conditions and salinity. Also, specific inhibitor of brassinosteroids biosynthesis decreased alternative respiratory pathway and production of lipid messengers in rape plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Derevyanchuk
- Department of the Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Metabolism Regulation, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02660, Murmanska str., 1, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergii Kretynin
- Department of the Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Metabolism Regulation, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02660, Murmanska str., 1, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Iakovenko
- Department of the Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Metabolism Regulation, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02660, Murmanska str., 1, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Raisa Litvinovskaya
- Laboratory of Steroid Chemistry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220141, Kuprevich str., 5, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Vladimir Zhabinskii
- Laboratory of Steroid Chemistry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220141, Kuprevich str., 5, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Jan Martinec
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Jan Evangelista Purkyne University, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Yaroslav Blume
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Osypovskogo 2a, Kyiv 04123, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir Khripach
- Laboratory of Steroid Chemistry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220141, Kuprevich str., 5, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Volodymyr Kravets
- Department of the Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Metabolism Regulation, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02660, Murmanska str., 1, Kyiv, Ukraine.
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16
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El-Khoury R, Kaulio E, Lassila KA, Crowther DC, Jacobs HT, Rustin P. Expression of the alternative oxidase mitigates beta-amyloid production and toxicity in model systems. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 96:57-66. [PMID: 27094492 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been widely associated with the pathology of Alzheimer's disease, but there is no consensus on whether it is a cause or consequence of disease, nor on the precise mechanism(s). We addressed these issues by testing the effects of expressing the alternative oxidase AOX from Ciona intestinalis, in different models of AD pathology. AOX can restore respiratory electron flow when the cytochrome segment of the mitochondrial respiratory chain is inhibited, supporting ATP synthesis, maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and mitigating excess superoxide production at respiratory complexes I and III. In human HEK293-derived cells, AOX expression decreased the production of beta-amyloid peptide resulting from antimycin inhibition of respiratory complex III. Because hydrogen peroxide was neither a direct product nor substrate of AOX, the ability of AOX to mimic antioxidants in this assay must be indirect. In addition, AOX expression was able to partially alleviate the short lifespan of Drosophila models neuronally expressing human beta-amyloid peptides, whilst abrogating the induction of markers of oxidative stress. Our findings support the idea of respiratory chain dysfunction and excess ROS production as both an early step and as a pathologically meaningful target in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, supporting the concept of a mitochondrial vicious cycle underlying the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyad El-Khoury
- INSERM UMR 1141 and Université Paris 7, Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48, Boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France; American University of Beirut Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cairo Street, Hamra, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Eveliina Kaulio
- BioMediTech and Tampere University Hospital, FI-33014 University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Katariina A Lassila
- BioMediTech and Tampere University Hospital, FI-33014 University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Damian C Crowther
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK and MedImmune Ltd, Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Howard T Jacobs
- BioMediTech and Tampere University Hospital, FI-33014 University of Tampere, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Pierre Rustin
- INSERM UMR 1141 and Université Paris 7, Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48, Boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France
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Berkowitz O, De Clercq I, Van Breusegem F, Whelan J. Interaction between hormonal and mitochondrial signalling during growth, development and in plant defence responses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:1127-39. [PMID: 26763171 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in plant metabolism as they are a major source of ATP through synthesis by the oxidative phosphorylation pathway and harbour key metabolic reactions such as the TCA cycle. The energy and building blocks produced by mitochondria are essential to drive plant growth and development as well as to provide fuel for responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. The majority of mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nuclear genome and have to be imported into the organelle. For the regulation of the corresponding genes intricate signalling pathways exist to adjust their expression. Signals directly regulate nuclear gene expression (anterograde signalling) to adjust the protein composition of the mitochondria to the needs of the cell. In parallel, mitochondria communicate back their functional status to the nucleus (retrograde signalling) to prompt transcriptional regulation of responsive genes via largely unknown signalling mechanisms. Plant hormones are the major signalling components regulating all layers of plant development and cellular functions. Increasing evidence is now becoming available that plant hormones are also part of signalling networks controlling mitochondrial function and their biogenesis. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the interaction of mitochondrial and hormonal signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Berkowitz
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Inge De Clercq
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - James Whelan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
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18
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Jing G, Zhou J, Zhu S. Effects of nitric oxide on mitochondrial oxidative defence in postharvest peach fruits. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:1997-2003. [PMID: 26084831 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been confirmed that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fruit can cause oxidative damage and nitric oxide (NO) can regulate the accumulation of ROS and the antioxidative defence of fruit. However, little is known about the roles of NO on the antioxidant system in mitochondria of fruit. In this study, Feicheng peach fruits were dipped with 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (c-PTIO) and NO solutions to explore the effects of NO on the membrane permeability transition and antioxidant system in mitochondria of peach fruit. RESULTS Treatment with 15 µmol L(-1) NO solution could delay the decrease of mitochondrial permeability transition and decrease the content of ROS in mitochondria. Besides, when the endogenous NO was scavenged by c-PTIO, the ROS in mitochondria increased greatly and superoxide dismutase activity decreased, while the content and activities of peroxidase and catalase changed slightly. CONCLUSION By delaying the decrease of mitochondrial permeability transition, 15 µmol L(-1) NO treatment could promote a more stable internal medium in mitochondria of Feicheng peach fruit. The increases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes in mitochondria caused by the remove of endogenous NO suggested that NO also plays an important role in the mitochondrial antioxidant system of Feicheng peach fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqin Jing
- Research Center for Food Safety and Assessment Engineering of Shandong Province, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Research Center for Food Safety and Assessment Engineering of Shandong Province, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Shuhua Zhu
- Research Center for Food Safety and Assessment Engineering of Shandong Province, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
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Vishwakarma A, Tetali SD, Selinski J, Scheibe R, Padmasree K. Importance of the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway in regulating cellular redox and ROS homeostasis to optimize photosynthesis during restriction of the cytochrome oxidase pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 116:555-69. [PMID: 26292995 PMCID: PMC4578005 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The importance of the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway, particularly AOX1A, in optimizing photosynthesis during de-etiolation, under elevated CO2, low temperature, high light or combined light and drought stress is well documented. In the present study, the role of AOX1A in optimizing photosynthesis was investigated when electron transport through the cytochrome c oxidase (COX) pathway was restricted at complex III. METHODS Leaf discs of wild-type (WT) and aox1a knock-out mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana were treated with antimycin A (AA) under growth-light conditions. To identify the impact of AOX1A deficiency in optimizing photosynthesis, respiratory O2 uptake and photosynthesis-related parameters were measured along with changes in redox couples, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and expression levels of genes related to respiration, the malate valve and the antioxidative system. KEY RESULTS In the absence of AA, aox1a knock-out mutants did not show any difference in physiological, biochemical or molecular parameters compared with WT. However, after AA treatment, aox1a plants showed a significant reduction in both respiratory O2 uptake and NaHCO3-dependent O2 evolution. Chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 studies revealed that in contrast to WT, aox1a knock-out plants were incapable of maintaining electron flow in the chloroplastic electron transport chain, and thereby inefficient heat dissipation (low non-photochemical quenching) was observed. Furthermore, aox1a mutants exhibited significant disturbances in cellular redox couples of NAD(P)H and ascorbate (Asc) and consequently accumulation of ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. By contrast, WT plants showed a significant increase in transcript levels of CSD1, CAT1, sAPX, COX15 and AOX1A in contrast to aox1a mutants. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that AOX1A plays a significant role in sustaining the chloroplastic redox state and energization to optimize photosynthesis by regulating cellular redox homeostasis and ROS generation when electron transport through the COX pathway is disturbed at complex III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhaypratap Vishwakarma
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Sarada Devi Tetali
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Jennifer Selinski
- Department of Plant Physiology, FB5, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany and
| | - Renate Scheibe
- Department of Plant Physiology, FB5, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany and
| | - Kollipara Padmasree
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
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20
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Petrov V, Hille J, Mueller-Roeber B, Gechev TS. ROS-mediated abiotic stress-induced programmed cell death in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:69. [PMID: 25741354 PMCID: PMC4332301 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
During the course of their ontogenesis plants are continuously exposed to a large variety of abiotic stress factors which can damage tissues and jeopardize the survival of the organism unless properly countered. While animals can simply escape and thus evade stressors, plants as sessile organisms have developed complex strategies to withstand them. When the intensity of a detrimental factor is high, one of the defense programs employed by plants is the induction of programmed cell death (PCD). This is an active, genetically controlled process which is initiated to isolate and remove damaged tissues thereby ensuring the survival of the organism. The mechanism of PCD induction usually includes an increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are utilized as mediators of the stress signal. Abiotic stress-induced PCD is not only a process of fundamental biological importance, but also of considerable interest to agricultural practice as it has the potential to significantly influence crop yield. Therefore, numerous scientific enterprises have focused on elucidating the mechanisms leading to and controlling PCD in response to adverse conditions in plants. This knowledge may help develop novel strategies to obtain more resilient crop varieties with improved tolerance and enhanced productivity. The aim of the present review is to summarize the recent advances in research on ROS-induced PCD related to abiotic stress and the role of the organelles in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veselin Petrov
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, PlovdivBulgaria
| | - Jacques Hille
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen, GroningenNetherlands
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-GolmGermany
| | - Tsanko S. Gechev
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, PlovdivBulgaria
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-GolmGermany
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21
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Shabala S, Shabala L, Barcelo J, Poschenrieder C. Membrane transporters mediating root signalling and adaptive responses to oxygen deprivation and soil flooding. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:2216-33. [PMID: 24689809 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive assessment of a previously unexplored topic: elucidating the role that plasma- and organelle-based membrane transporters play in plant-adaptive responses to flooding. We show that energy availability and metabolic shifts under hypoxia and anoxia are critical in regulating membrane-transport activity. We illustrate the high tissue and time dependence of this regulation, reveal the molecular identity of transporters involved and discuss the modes of their regulation. We show that both reduced oxygen availability and accumulation of transition metals in flooded roots result in a reduction in the cytosolic K(+) pool, ultimately determining the cell's fate and transition to programmed cell death (PCD). This process can be strongly affected by hypoxia-induced changes in the amino acid pool profile and, specifically, ϒ-amino butyric acid (GABA) accumulation. It is suggested that GABA plays an important regulatory role, allowing plants to proceed with H2 O2 signalling to activate a cascade of genes that mediate plant adaptation to flooding while at the same time, preventing the cell from entering a 'suicide program'. We conclude that progress in crop breeding for flooding tolerance can only be achieved by pyramiding the numerous physiological traits that confer efficient energy maintenance, cytosolic ion homeostasis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) control and detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
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22
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Li Z, Liang WS, Carr JP. Effects of modifying alternative respiration on nitric oxide-induced virus resistance and PR1 protein accumulation. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:2075-2081. [PMID: 24903327 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.066662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important defensive signal in plants but its effects on virus infection are not well understood. Administration of NO-releasing compounds immediately before inoculation of tobacco leaves with potato virus X and tobacco mosaic virus decreased the accumulation of virus, indicating that NO can induce resistance rapidly. Resistance induction was inhibited by co-administration with an NO-scavenging compound or when experiments were done in transgenic tobacco plants expressing increased alternative respiratory pathway capacity due to constitutive expression of the plant mitochondrial enzyme, alternative oxidase (AOX). These results indicate that NO, which inhibits electron transport chain activity, is triggering defensive signalling by inducing changes in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels that are in turn regulated by AOX. Experiments using nahG-transgenic plants, which cannot accumulate the defensive plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) showed that NO rapidly induces resistance to virus infection independently of SA. However, this initial state of resistance may be transient. Subsequently, by 5 days post-treatment, NO had caused an increase in pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1) expression (a proxy for increased SA biosynthesis), which correlated with a longer-term state of resistance to virus infection. The induction by NO of PR1 accumulation was modified in AOX-transgenic plants. This indicates that the influence of NO on defensive gene expression is in part mediated through its effects on mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Wu-Sheng Liang
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - John P Carr
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
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LUO YAN, HU YIDE, ZHANG MINGHUI, XIAO YU, SONG ZONGCHANG, XU YU. EtBr-induced selective degradation of mitochondria occurs via autophagy. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:1201-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Alternative oxidase expression in the mouse enables bypassing cytochrome c oxidase blockade and limits mitochondrial ROS overproduction. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003182. [PMID: 23300486 PMCID: PMC3536694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanide-resistant non-phosphorylating respiration is known in mitochondria from plants, fungi, and microorganisms but is absent in mammals. It results from the activity of an alternative oxidase (AOX) that conveys electrons directly from the respiratory chain (RC) ubiquinol pool to oxygen. AOX thus provides a bypath that releases constraints on the cytochrome pathway and prevents the over-reduction of the ubiquinone pool, a major source of superoxide. RC dysfunctions and deleterious superoxide overproduction are recurrent themes in human pathologies, ranging from neurodegenerative diseases to cancer, and may be instrumental in ageing. Thus, preventing RC blockade and excess superoxide production by means of AOX should be of considerable interest. However, because of its energy-dissipating properties, AOX might produce deleterious effects of its own in mammals. Here we show that AOX can be safely expressed in the mouse (MitAOX), with major physiological parameters being unaffected. It neither disrupted the activity of other RC components nor decreased oxidative phosphorylation in isolated mitochondria. It conferred cyanide-resistance to mitochondrial substrate oxidation and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production upon RC blockade. Accordingly, AOX expression was able to support cyanide-resistant respiration by intact organs and to afford prolonged protection against a lethal concentration of gaseous cyanide in whole animals. Taken together, these results indicate that AOX expression in the mouse is innocuous and permits to overcome a RC blockade, while reducing associated oxidative insult. Therefore, the MitAOX mice represent a valuable tool in order to investigate the ability of AOX to counteract the panoply of mitochondrial-inherited diseases originating from oxidative phosphorylation defects.
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Neto BAD, Corrêa JR, Silva RG. Selective mitochondrial staining with small fluorescent probes: importance, design, synthesis, challenges and trends for new markers. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21995f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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