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Haustein M, Thomas EBK, Scheer K, Denburg NL. Interoception, Affect, and Cognition in Older Adults. Exp Aging Res 2024; 50:279-295. [PMID: 36871576 PMCID: PMC10477322 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2023.2183704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Interoception is the detection of signals that arise from within the body. Interoceptive sensitivity has been found to be associated with affect and cognition among younger adults, and examination of these relationships in older adult samples is beginning to emerge. Here, we take an exploratory approach to determine how demographic, affective, and cognitive variables relate to interoceptive sensitivity in neurologically normal older adults, aged 60-91 years old. Ninety-one participants completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, self-report questionnaires, and a heartbeat counting task to measure interoceptive sensitivity. Our findings revealed several relationships: 1) interoceptive sensitivity was inversely correlated with measures of positive emotionality: participants with higher interoceptive sensitivity tended to have lower levels of positive affect and trait extraversion; 2) interoceptive sensitivity was found to positively correlate with cognition: participants who performed better on the heartbeat-counting task also tended to perform better on a measure of delayed verbal memory; and 3) when examining the predictors of interoceptive sensitivity in a single hierarchical regression model, higher interoceptive sensitivity was related to: higher time estimation, lower positive affect, lower extraversion, and higher verbal memory. In total, the model accounted for 38% of the variability in interoceptive sensitivity (R2 = .38). These results suggest that, among older adults, interoceptive sensitivity is facilitative for aspects of cognition but perhaps disruptive for certain aspects of emotional experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Haustein
- Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Great River Health System, West Burlington, Iowa, USA
| | - Emily B K Thomas
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa, USA
| | - Kodi Scheer
- Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa, USA
| | - Natalie L Denburg
- Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa, USA
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2
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Ikeda S. Interoceptive sensitivity and perception of others' emotions: an investigation based on a two-stage model. Cogn Process 2024; 25:229-239. [PMID: 38383909 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-024-01176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Recent research shows that sensitivity to interoceptive sensitivity is associated with a more granular experience of emotions. These studies suggest that individuals sensitive to their interoceptive signals can better perceive somatic physiological changes as compared to their counterparts. Therefore, they discriminate among a wide and subtle range of emotions. Further, the perception of others' emotions could be based on our own emotional experiences. However, whether interoceptive sensitivity is related to the perception of others' emotions remains unclear. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between interoceptive sensitivity and emotional perception. Considering the model that emotion perception comprises two processes, categorization of facial expressions and approach-avoidance responses, this study examined both categorizations of facial expressions and approach-avoidance responses. The results showed no relationship between interoceptive sensitivity and the perception of emotion, which suggests that interoceptive sensitivity is related to the experience of emotion but does not affect the granularity of emotional perception. Future studies should diversely and empirically examine the role of the body in emotional perception from the perspective of interoceptive sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Ikeda
- Human and Social Administration Department, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa University Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, 920-1192, Japan.
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3
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Nagy T, Ipacs H, Ferentzi E, Köteles F. Heart rate perception and expectation impact laboratory-induced perceived stress. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 199:112326. [PMID: 38460676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the human capacity to gauge one's own physiological state is notoriously flawed. The cause for the mismatch between perceived and physiological stress has not yet been properly identified. In this study, we assumed that cardioceptive accuracy (CAc) is positively associated with cardiovascular reactivity, and CAc and expectation about stress might account for the discrepancy between perceived and physiological stress. In a crossover experiment, we assessed cardioceptive accuracy in two ways (mental heartbeat tracking task and perception of heart rate), and induced physiological (handgrip exercise) and mental (N-back task) stress in 64 university students (51 % male, mean age 22.2). We assessed cardiac and electrodermal activity, and expected and perceived stress. We found that indicators of cardioceptive accuracy were not associated with cardiovascular reactivity. However, heart rate perception moderated the association between the change in heart rate and perceived stress in the physical but not in the mental task. Whereas heartbeat tracking accuracy was not associated with perceived stress. Moreover, perceived stress was predicted by the expected stress but not by the change in heart rate and electrodermal activity in the mental stress task. In conclusion, heart rate perception and expectation of stress may shape perceived stress more than actual physiological changes in moderate acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Nagy
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Henriett Ipacs
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Ferentzi
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Ádám György Psychophysiology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Köteles
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary, Budapest, Hungary; Ádám György Psychophysiology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
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4
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Zhang X, Xie M, Li W, Xu Z, Wang Z, Jiang W, Wu Y, Liu N. Abnormalities of structural covariance of insular subregions in drug-naïve OCD patients. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad469. [PMID: 38102948 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The insula plays a significant role in the neural mechanisms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Previous studies have identified functional and structural abnormalities in insula in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients. The predictive coding model in the context of interoception can explain the psychological and neuropathological manifestations observed in obsessive-compulsive disorder. The model is based on the degree of laminar differentiation of cerebral cortex. The interindividual differences in a local measure of brain structure often covary with interindividual differences in other brain regions. We investigated the anatomical network involving the insula in a drug-naïve obsessive-compulsive disorder sample. We recruited 58 obsessive-compulsive disorder patients and 84 matched health controls. The cortical thickness covariance maps between groups were compared at each vertex. We also evaluated the modulation of Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale scores and obsessive-compulsive disorder duration on thickness covariance. Our findings indicated that the thickness covariance seeded from granular and dysgranular insula are different compared with controls. The duration and severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder can modulate the thickness covariance of granular and dysgranular insula with posterior cingulate cortex and rostral anterior cingulate cortex. Our results revealed aberrant insular structural characteristics and cortical thickness covariance in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients, contributing to a better understanding of the involvement of insula in the pathological mechanisms underlying obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedi Zhang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Minyao Xie
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wangyue Li
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Zhihan Xu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Zhongqi Wang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wenjing Jiang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yu Wu
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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Gunderson C, ten Brinke L, Sokol-Hessner P. When the body knows: Interoceptive accuracy enhances physiological but not explicit differentiation between liars and truth-tellers. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.112039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Embodied feelings-A meta-analysis on the relation of emotion intensity perception and interoceptive accuracy. Physiol Behav 2022; 254:113904. [PMID: 35820627 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Emotion theories emphasize the relevance of (predicted) bodily changes for the construction of one's own emotions and an extensive overlap of brain regions involved during emotion intensity perception and somatosensory processing. The ability to accurately perceive bodily changes and its impact on the perception of emotion intensity has been studied for at least 40 years. The results of previous studies were summarized in a meta-analysis to examine how closely interoceptive accuracy and emotion intensity are related. After a systematic literature search, 4036 studies were screened for eligibility. Only studies assessing adults from general population samples were considered. Samples recruited to examine mental disorders or neurological conditions were excluded. Thirty studies with a quantifiable measure for the relation of interoceptive accuracy and emotion intensity perception were included in the meta-analysis. Interoceptive accuracy was significantly related with emotion intensity perception, when emotions were experimentally induced (k= 22, r= 0.15). However, the relationship was only found when IAPS images (k= 9, r= 0.33) or facial expressions (k= 3, r= 0.24) were used for emotion induction. No significant relation was found in studies without emotion induction (k= 19, r = -0.007). There was considerable bias, varying dependent on bias assessment method, study protocol and examined risk of bias dimension. We discuss the impact of differences in study protocols, review the operationalization of interoceptive accuracy critically and derive directions for future research.
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Mikkelsen MB, O'Toole MS. The Constructionist Approach to Emotional Aging: Theoretical Insights and Predictions. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:1571-1579. [PMID: 35254442 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we introduce a constructionist approach to understanding emotional aging in adulthood. The purpose of the paper is to show how constructionism offers a promising avenue for gaining new insights into age-related changes in emotional experiences. We begin by introducing the constructionist theoretical framework and illustrating how constructionism may shape conceptualizations of emotional aging in adulthood. We compare the constructionist conceptualization of emotional aging with existing conceptualizations of emotional aging derived from prominent theories of emotional aging, focusing on how such conceptualizations highlight different aspects of emotional aging (e.g., different mechanisms) and overlook or downplay other aspects. We conclude by explicating what constructionism may offer research on emotional aging, including considerations of research agendas, study designs, and method of measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mia Skytte O'Toole
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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8
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Rankanen M, Leinikka M, Groth C, Seitamaa-Hakkarainen P, Mäkelä M, Huotilainen M. Physiological measurements and emotional experiences of drawing and clay forming. ARTS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aip.2022.101899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Feldman MJ, Siegel E, Barrett LF, Quigley KS, Wormwood JB. Affect and Social Judgment: The Roles of Physiological Reactivity and Interoceptive Sensitivity. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2022; 3:464-479. [PMID: 36046009 PMCID: PMC9382998 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Humans imbue the objects of their perception with affective meaning, a phenomenon called affective realism. The affective realism hypothesis proposes that a brain continually predicts the meaning of sensations (e.g., identifying a sound as a siren, or a visual array as a face) in part by representing the current state of the body and the immediate physiological impact that similar sensory events have entailed in the past. However, the precise contribution of physiological activity to experiences of affective realism remains unknown. In the present study, participants' peripheral physiological activity was recorded while they made social evaluative judgments of target faces displaying neutral expressions. Target faces were shown concurrent with affective images that were suppressed from reportable awareness using continuous flash suppression. Results revealed evidence of affective realism-participants judged target faces more positively when paired with suppressed positive stimuli than suppressed negative stimuli-but this effect was significantly less pronounced among individuals higher in cardiac interoceptive sensitivity. Moreover, while some modest differences in peripheral physiological activity were observed across suppressed affective stimulus conditions, physiological reactivity to affective stimuli did not directly predict social evaluative judgments. We explore the implications of these findings with respect to both theories of emotion and theories detailing a role for interoception in experiences of first-person subjectivity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-022-00114-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory J. Feldman
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 231 E. Cameron Ave, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | | | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of Psychiatry and the Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Karen S. Quigley
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Jolie B. Wormwood
- Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA
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10
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Pohl A, Dummel S, Bothur M, Gerlach AL. Interoceptive accuracy does not predict emotion perception in daily life. OPEN PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psych-2022-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Peripheral emotion theories suggest a crucial role of interoception for emotion perception, which in turn facilitates emotion regulation. Laboratory studies found positive relations between interoceptive accuracy and perceived emotion intensity and arousal. Studies in natural settings are largely missing, but seem important by virtue of emotional experience and regulation diversity.
On hundred seven participants underwent a cardiovascular interoceptive accuracy task. Afterwards, participants provided detailed information on perceived emotions and emotion regulation strategies in an ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Multilevel models were calculated. In consideration of valence, emotion intensity, arousal, intensity of body sensations and, emotion regulation success were modeled as a function of centered interoceptive accuracy.
Interoceptive accuracy did not predict any emotion perception criterion. Lower accuracy was related to a slightly stronger decrease of perceived arousal after regulation.
Differences in emotion categories, intensity, and sample collection might explain divergences to laboratory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pohl
- Universitat zu Koln , Köln , Germany
| | - Sebastian Dummel
- Department of Psychology , University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Mascha Bothur
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy , University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Alexander L. Gerlach
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy , University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany
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11
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Angioletti L, Balconi M. Interoceptive attentiveness and autonomic reactivity in pain observation. Somatosens Mot Res 2021; 39:81-89. [PMID: 34847833 DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2021.2005016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Aim: This study explores interoceptive attentiveness (IA) influence on autonomic reactivity related to pain and self-regulation during situations evoking physiological mirroring for pain.Methods: 20 participants observed face/hand, painful/non-painful stimuli in an individual versus social condition while the autonomic response was measured [Electrodermal activity, Pulse Volume Amplitude (PVA), and Heart Rate (HR)] was measured. The sample was divided into experimental (EXP) subjects, required to focus on their interoceptive correlates while observing the stimuli, and the control (CNT) group. HR inter-beat interval (IBI), and HR Variability (HRV) were calculated.Results: Results showed high accuracy to painful and non-painful stimuli recognition. Regarding autonomic indices, higher PVA values were detected for hand painful versus non-painful stimuli, whereas for the EXP group a significant activation of IBI was found for face painful vs non-painful stimuli.Conclusion: In the context of observation of pain in others, PVA and IBI could be respectively markers of mirroring mechanisms and autonomic self-regulation mediated by IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Angioletti
- International Research Center for Cognitive Applied Neuroscience (IrcCAN), Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy.,Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Balconi
- International Research Center for Cognitive Applied Neuroscience (IrcCAN), Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy.,Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
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12
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Prentice F, Murphy J. Sex differences in interoceptive accuracy: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:497-518. [PMID: 34838927 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interoceptive accuracy, the ability to correctly perceive internal signals arising from the body, is thought to be disrupted in numerous mental and physical health conditions. Whilst evidence suggests poorer interoceptive accuracy in females compared to males, raising the possibility that interoceptive differences may relate to sex differences in mental and physical health, results concerning sex differences in interoceptive accuracy are mixed. Given such ambiguity, this meta-analysis aimed to establish the presence or absence of sex differences in interoceptive accuracy across cardiac, respiratory, and gastric domains. A review of 7956 abstracts resulted in 93 eligible studies. Results demonstrated superior accuracy in males across cardiac, but not gastric, tasks, while findings on respiratory tasks were mixed. Effect sizes were consistent across cardiac tasks, but instability and/or moderate heterogeneity was observed across other domains, likely due to the small number of eligible studies. Despite such limitations, results indicate the possibility of sex differences across interoception tasks and domains. Methodological limitations concerning the influence of physiological factors, and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya Prentice
- Developmental Neurosciences Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom.
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom
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Ventura-Bort C, Wendt J, Weymar M. The Role of Interoceptive Sensibility and Emotional Conceptualization for the Experience of Emotions. Front Psychol 2021; 12:712418. [PMID: 34867591 PMCID: PMC8636600 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.712418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The theory of constructed emotions suggests that different psychological components, including core affect (mental and neural representations of bodily changes), and conceptualization (meaning-making based on prior experiences and semantic knowledge), are involved in the formation of emotions. However, little is known about their role in experiencing emotions. In the current study, we investigated how individual differences in interoceptive sensibility and emotional conceptualization (as potential correlates of these components) interact to moderate three important aspects of emotional experiences: emotional intensity (strength of emotion felt), arousal (degree of activation), and granularity (ability to differentiate emotions with precision). To this end, participants completed a series of questionnaires assessing interoceptive sensibility and emotional conceptualization and underwent two emotion experience tasks, which included standardized material (emotion differentiation task; ED task) and self-experienced episodes (day reconstruction method; DRM). Correlational analysis showed that individual differences in interoceptive sensibility and emotional conceptualization were related to each other. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed two independent factors that were referred to as sensibility and monitoring. The Sensibility factor, interpreted as beliefs about the accuracy of an individual in detecting internal physiological and emotional states, predicted higher granularity for negative words. The Monitoring factor, interpreted as the tendency to focus on the internal states of an individual, was negatively related to emotional granularity and intensity. Additionally, Sensibility scores were more strongly associated with greater well-being and adaptability measures than Monitoring scores. Our results indicate that independent processes underlying individual differences in interoceptive sensibility and emotional conceptualization contribute to emotion experiencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ventura-Bort
- Department of Biological Psychology and Affective Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Julia Wendt
- Department of Biological Psychology and Affective Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mathias Weymar
- Department of Biological Psychology and Affective Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Brandenburg Medical School, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Opdensteinen KD, Schaan L, Pohl A, Schulz A, Domes G, Hechler T. Interoception in preschoolers: New insights into its assessment and relations to emotion regulation and stress. Biol Psychol 2021; 165:108166. [PMID: 34389438 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Interoception may play an important role for emotion regulation and stress, thereby affecting mental health in children and adults. Yet, little is known on interoception in preschool children. Therefore, we investigated interoceptive accuracy using the adapted Jumping Jack Paradigm (JJP) and its relationship with emotion regulation and stress. In Study I, 40 preschoolers completed the JJP and an emotion regulation task, demonstrating a positive relationship between interoceptive accuracy and emotion regulation at trend level (R² = 0.231, p = .023; β = .278, p = .073). In Study II, 31 preschoolers completed the adapted JJP before and after an acute laboratory stress test. Higher total cortisol output following acute stress induction was associated with reduced interoceptive accuracy (r = -0.670, p = .017). Extending earlier findings in adults and school-children, the relationship of interoceptive accuracy with emotion regulation and stress highlights the importance to investigate interoception in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim D Opdensteinen
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Luca Schaan
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Anna Pohl
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - André Schulz
- Clinical Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gregor Domes
- Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Tanja Hechler
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents, University of Trier, Trier, Germany.
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15
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Mental heartbeat tracking and rating of emotional pictures are not related. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 86:1487-1494. [PMID: 34557988 PMCID: PMC9177488 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to conceptually replicate the findings of previous empirical studies showing that people with higher cardiac interoceptive accuracy experience more intense emotions. Apart of the mental heartbeat tracking task of Schandry, Hungarian (n = 46, 76.0% female, mean age 22.28 ± 2.228) and Norwegian (n = 50, 60.0% female, mean age 24.66 ± 3.048) participants rated the arousal and valence evoked by positive, neutral and negative pictures. Multivariate repeated analysis of variance (applying both frequentist and Bayesian approaches) did not reveal any connection between heartbeat perception scores and the subjective ratings (i.e., arousal and valence) of the pictures in any of the two groups. The lack of the expected association between cardioceptive accuracy and arousal might partly be explained by the methodological differences between previous studies and this one; for example, we did not split or preselected the sample based on the performance on the Schandry task and applied a relatively strict instruction (i.e., by encouraging to count felt heartbeats only, and to report zero if no sensations were detected).
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16
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Leganes-Fonteneau M, Bates ME, Muzumdar N, Pawlak A, Islam S, Vaschillo E, Buckman JF. Cardiovascular mechanisms of interoceptive awareness: Effects of resonance breathing. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 169:71-87. [PMID: 34534600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interoception, the ability to perceive internal bodily sensations, and heart rate variability (HRV) share common physiological pathways, including the baroreflex feedback loop. The baroreflex can be activated by resonance breathing, wherein respiration is paced at 6 times per minute (0.1 Hz), eliciting immediate physiological changes and longer-term therapeutic responses. This registered report characterizes baroreflex functioning as a cardiac mechanism of interoception in a two-session study (n = 67). The heartbeat discrimination task was used to obtain indices of interoceptive accuracy, sensibility and metacognition. Baroreflex functioning was measured as HRV at 0.1 Hz and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS); high frequency (HF) HRV was calculated as a control. Cardiovascular indices were measured at baseline and during active and control paced breathing after which changes in interoception were measured. The first hypothesis was that baseline baroreflex functioning would predict individual differences in interoceptive awareness. The second hypothesis was that resonance breathing would increase participants' ability to detect their own heartbeats, and that this effect would be mediated by increases in 0.1 Hz HRV and BRS. Data were collected upon in principle acceptance of the manuscript. We found a negative relationship of interoceptive accuracy with baseline HF HRV and BRS, and a positive relationship between metacognitive interoception and 0.1HZ HRV, BRS and HF HRV. We found that changes in 0.1 Hz HRV and BRS during resonance breathing positively correlate with increases in interoceptive accuracy. Our results show that the extent to which breathing recruits the resonant properties of the cardiovascular system can facilitate the conscious perception of participants' heartbeats. We interpret this as an increase in vagal afferent signaling and baroreflex functioning following resonance breathing. We put forward an alternative explanation that HRV modulation can reduce interoceptive prediction errors, facilitating the conscious perception of interoceptive signals, and consider the role of resonance breathing on mental health from an interoceptive inference perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Leganes-Fonteneau
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America; Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America.
| | - Marsha E Bates
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America; Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America
| | - Neel Muzumdar
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America; Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America
| | - Anthony Pawlak
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America; Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America
| | - Shahriar Islam
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America
| | - Evgeny Vaschillo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America; Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America
| | - Jennifer F Buckman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America; Cardiac Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States of America
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Effects of interoceptive accuracy in autonomic responses to external stimuli based on cardiac rhythm. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256914. [PMID: 34464424 PMCID: PMC8407568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interoceptive accuracy is an index of the ability to perceive an individual’s internal bodily state, including heartbeat and respiration. Individual differences in interoceptive accuracy influence emotional recognition through autonomic nervous activity. However, the precise mechanism by which interoceptive accuracy affects autonomic reactivity remains unclear. Here, we investigated how cardiac reactivity induced by a non-affective external rhythm differed among individuals, using a heartbeat counting task. Because individuals with poor interoceptive accuracy cannot distinguish an external rhythm from their cardiac cycles, it has been hypothesized that the interoceptive effect on heart rate works differently in individuals with good interoceptive accuracy and those with poor interoceptive accuracy. Study participants observed a visual or auditory stimulus presented at a rhythm similar to the participants’ resting heart rates. The stimulus rhythm was gradually changed from that of their resting heart rate, and we recorded electrocardiographs while participants were exposed to the stimuli. Individuals with good interoceptive accuracy exhibited a deceleration in heart rate when the rhythm of the auditory stimulus changed. In contrast, in the group with poor interoceptive accuracy, the heart rate decreased only when the stimulus became faster. They were unable to distinguish the rhythm of their own heartbeat from that of the external rhythm; therefore, we propose that such individuals recognize the stimuli at the pace of their heart rate. Individuals with good interoceptive accuracy were able to distinguish their heart rates from the external rhythm. A modality difference was not observed in this study, which suggests that both visual and auditory stimuli help mimic heart rate. These results may provide physiological evidence that autonomic reactivity influences the perception of the internal bodily state, and that interoception and the autonomic state interact to some degree.
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Hielscher E, Zopf R. Interoceptive Abnormalities and Suicidality: A Systematic Review. Behav Ther 2021; 52:1035-1054. [PMID: 34452660 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of interoception (i.e., difficulties sensing the physiological state of one's own body) is increasingly linked to different mental health disorders and suicidal outcomes. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the association between suicidality and interoception, as well as identify potential confounders and mediators of the relationship. We conducted a systematic review of four databases, allowing for critical examination of the role of different measures of interoception (accuracy, sensibility, awareness, cognitive/emotional evaluation) across the suicide continuum (ideation, plans, attempts, deaths). The search strategy identified 22 studies (14,988 participants). Preliminary but limited evidence was found for impaired interoceptive accuracy among those reporting suicide attempt histories. We found evidence of interoceptive sensibility disturbances across the suicide continuum, including experiences of not trusting one's own body sensations and impaired abilities to sustain and control attention to such sensations. Consistent evidence was also reported for disturbances related to cognitive and emotional evaluations of interoceptive sensations. The latter was particularly pronounced for those reporting suicide attempts, relative to those reporting suicidal thinking or planning alone. Overall, this review's results suggest that interoceptive abnormalities are potentially important indicators of risk for suicidal thinking, intentions, and behaviors. However, due to the inconsistent adjustment for variables of interest, and cross-sectional designs, it is unclear whether interoceptive changes and disturbances have a direct role, or whether the association is explained and mediated by key third variables (e.g. depression, disordered eating, emotional dysregulation). We discuss the implications with respect to suicidal risk and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hielscher
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia University of Queensland, Brisbane.
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19
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Amaya Y, Abe T, Kanbara K, Shizuma H, Akiyama Y, Fukunaga M. The effect of aerobic exercise on interoception and cognitive function in healthy university students: a non-randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:99. [PMID: 34454595 PMCID: PMC8403430 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00332-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interoception refers to the body's physiological responses that occur in response to emotions. This phenomenon influences decision-making, an important cognitive ability that affects the maintenance of an exercise routine. However, it is controversial whether interoception is a reliable measure of an individual's traits or their response to emotion. Given this evidence, we hypothesized that performing an exercise with positive feelings could improve interoception and that the rational decision-making capabilities acquired by improved interoception would, in turn, help in maintaining an exercise routine. Persistent aerobic exercise is essential for improving cognitive and musculoskeletal function in the long term. Therefore, we aimed to investigate changes in interoception during moderate-intensity aerobic exercise at a level that might potentially improve cognitive function. METHODS We devided 48 healthy university students into an exercise group (n = 37) and a control group (n = 11). The control group did not perform any exercises, while the exercise group performed bench step exercises at an intensity of 50% of heart rate reserve for 30 min a day, three times a week, for three months. We assessed their cognitive function by measuring their auditory information/working memory processing speed using a paced auditory serial addition task (PASAT) and evaluated their interoceptive accuracy (IA) using a heartbeat tracking task at baseline and 1, 2, and 3 months after the start of the exercise intervention. RESULTS There was a significant positive correlation between IA and PASAT scores at baseline. However, exercise did not lead to a significant increase in PASAT scores of the exercise group as compared with the control group. IA scores increased at 2 and 3 months after the start of exercise only in the exercise group. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study showed an improvement in interoception after persistent moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. We believe that exercise-induced improvement of interoception may facilitate exercise maintenance through improved cognitive function. Statistical analysis did not explain the non-uniformity of sample sizes, therefore, future studies should have larger sample sizes with equal subjects in each group to allow for better comparability and generalizability. TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN, UMIN000042891. 04/01/2021, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Amaya
- Department of Psychosomatic and General Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Shijonawate Gakuen University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Abe
- Department of Psychosomatic and General Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan.
| | - Kenji Kanbara
- Department of Psychosomatic and General Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
- Psychosomatic Medicine, Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hisaharu Shizuma
- Department of Psychosomatic and General Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
- Department of Education, Kyoto College of Medical and Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasushi Akiyama
- Department of Psychosomatic and General Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Fukunaga
- Department of Psychosomatic and General Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
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20
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Schulz A, Back SN, Schaan VK, Bertsch K, Vögele C. On the construct validity of interoceptive accuracy based on heartbeat counting: Cardiovascular determinants of absolute and tilt-induced change scores. Biol Psychol 2021; 164:108168. [PMID: 34411619 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interoceptive accuracy (IAcc) as assessed with the heartbeat counting task (IAccHBCT) may be affected by a range of factors including (1.) the ability to adequately detect cardiac signals, indicated by IAcc in a heartbeat discrimination task (IAccHBDT), (2.) cardiac signal properties, affected by sympathetic and parasympathetic tone, and (3.) non-interoceptive processes, including time estimation accuracy (TEAcc). In the current study we investigated the contribution of these factors to absolute and Δ IAccHBCT scores, induced by passive head-up and head-down tilt in 49 healthy individuals. A set of hierarchical regression models showed IAccHBDT scores as the strongest and, across different orthostatic (tilt) conditions, most stable (positive) predictor of absolute and Δ IAccHBCT scores. Neither indicators of cardiac signal properties (except for HR in head-down-tilt), nor TEAcc predicted absolute or Δ IAccHBCT scores. These findings support the convergent and discriminant validity of absolute and Δ IAccHBCT scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Schulz
- Clinical Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Sarah N Back
- Clinical Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Violetta K Schaan
- Clinical Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Katja Bertsch
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Vögele
- Clinical Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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21
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Palazzo CC, Leghi BE, Pereira-Júnior A, Diez-Garcia RW. Educational intervention for food consciousness: A randomized study protocol. Nutr Health 2021; 28:123-129. [PMID: 33913348 DOI: 10.1177/02601060211011801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contemporary living conditions present opportunities that promote obesity. In addition, traditional nutritional intervention have been considered inefficient, and there is a demand for the development and evaluation of strategies not based on the traditional paradigm of diets. AIM The aim of this study is to describe the Food and Nutrition Education Program with Sensory and Cognitive Exercises (PESC), which seeks to promote consciousness of eating experience and body signals appreciation to adult women and thus to make them less vulnerable to food consumption stimuli. METHOD This protocol outlines a randomized study that will include 60 adult women. PESC is based on the sensory influence for eating behavior and on the Triple-Aspect Monism theory of consciousness. It is composed of exercises that explore sensory, cognitive and emotional aspects of food experience in order to promote it into a conscious process. The program consists of four weekly workshops that explore themes related to the current obesogenic environment problematic. The intervention group (n=30) will be evaluated at the beginning of the first workshop and after the last one. The control group (n=30) will not participate on the workshops and will be evaluated twice, with a one-month interval. CONCLUSIONS This study will contribute substantially to the development of nutritional interventions based on sensory aspects and consciousness of food experience. Therefore, PESC is considered an innovative approach with regard to improving individuals' eating behavior. TRIAL REGISTRY This clinical trial was registered with the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC), http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-4qgpg5/,numberRBR-4qgpg5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina C Palazzo
- Internal Medicine Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, 28133University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil.,Laboratory of Food Practices and Behavior - PrátiCA, 28133University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Barbara E Leghi
- Internal Medicine Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, 28133University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil.,Laboratory of Food Practices and Behavior - PrátiCA, 28133University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Alfredo Pereira-Júnior
- Department of Education, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil
| | - Rosa Wanda Diez-Garcia
- Laboratory of Food Practices and Behavior - PrátiCA, 28133University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil.,Nutrition and Metabolism, Health Sciences Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, 28133University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
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22
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Christensen JF, Vartanian M, Sancho-Escanero L, Khorsandi S, Yazdi SHN, Farahi F, Borhani K, Gomila A. A Practice-Inspired Mindset for Researching the Psychophysiological and Medical Health Effects of Recreational Dance (Dance Sport). Front Psychol 2021; 11:588948. [PMID: 33716840 PMCID: PMC7950321 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.588948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
“Dance” has been associated with many psychophysiological and medical health effects. However, varying definitions of what constitute “dance” have led to a rather heterogenous body of evidence about such potential effects, leaving the picture piecemeal at best. It remains unclear what exact parameters may be driving positive effects. We believe that this heterogeneity of evidence is partly due to a lack of a clear definition of dance for such empirical purposes. A differentiation is needed between (a) the effects on the individual when the activity of “dancing” is enjoyed as a dancer within different dance domains (e.g., professional/”high-art” type of dance, erotic dance, religious dance, club dancing, Dance Movement Therapy (DMT), and what is commonly known as hobby, recreational or social dance), and (b) the effects on the individual within these different domains, as a dancer of the different dance styles (solo dance, partnering dance, group dance; and all the different styles within these). Another separate category of dance engagement is, not as a dancer, but as a spectator of all of the above. “Watching dance” as part of an audience has its own set of psychophysiological and neurocognitive effects on the individual, and depends on the context where dance is witnessed. With the help of dance professionals, we first outline some different dance domains and dance styles, and outline aspects that differentiate them, and that may, therefore, cause differential empirical findings when compared regardless (e.g., amount of interpersonal contact, physical exertion, context, cognitive demand, type of movements, complexity of technique and ratio of choreography/improvisation). Then, we outline commonalities between all dance styles. We identify six basic components that are part of any dance practice, as part of a continuum, and review and discuss available research for each of them concerning the possible health and wellbeing effects of each of these components, and how they may relate to the psychophysiological and health effects that are reported for “dancing”: (1) rhythm and music, (2) sociality, (3) technique and fitness, (4) connection and connectedness (self-intimation), (5) flow and mindfulness, (6) aesthetic emotions and imagination. Future research efforts might take into account the important differences between types of dance activities, as well as the six components, for a more targeted assessment of how “dancing” affects the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia F Christensen
- Department for Language and Literature, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | | | - S H N Yazdi
- 3Fish Corporate Filmmaking, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Khatereh Borhani
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antoni Gomila
- Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
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23
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Ferentzi E, Geiger M, Mai-Lippold SA, Köteles F, Montag C, Pollatos O. Interaction Between Sex and Cardiac Interoceptive Accuracy in Measures of Induced Pain. Front Psychol 2021; 11:577961. [PMID: 33633621 PMCID: PMC7900538 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.577961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain perception is influenced by several factors, and among them, affect, sex, and perception of bodily signals are assumed to play a prominent role. The aim of the present study is to explore how sex, cardiac interoceptive accuracy, and the interaction of the latter two influence the perception of experimentally induced pain. We investigated a large sample of young adults (n = 159, 50.9% female, age: 23.45, SD = 3.767), assessing current positive and negative affective state with the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (both involved as control variables), cardiac interoceptive accuracy with the mental heartbeat tracking task, and pain sensitivity with electrical stimulation on the back of the dominant hand, applying a repeated-measures staircase protocol. Males showed a significantly higher pain threshold and tolerance level than females, whereas cardiac interoceptive accuracy was not associated with pain sensitivity. The impact of sex × cardiac interoceptive accuracy interaction was significant for pain threshold only, while pain tolerance was predicted only by sex. According to these findings, the associations between pain sensitivity, cardiac IAc, and sex might be more complicated than it was supposed in previous studies. Interactions between factors impacting pain perception appear worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Ferentzi
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mattis Geiger
- Department of Individual Differences and Psychological Assessment, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sandra A. Mai-Lippold
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ferenc Köteles
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Olga Pollatos
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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24
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Mendoza-Medialdea MT, Ruiz-Padial E. Understanding the capture of exogenous attention by disgusting and fearful stimuli: The role of interoceptive accuracy. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 161:53-63. [PMID: 33453302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore the role of interoceptive accuracy (IA) on exogenous attention to disgusting and fearful distractors of a main concurrent task. Participants were thirty university students previously identified as high (N = 16) or normal IA according their performance in a heartbeat detection task. Event-related potentials and behavioural responses were recorded. The results showed that disgusting stimuli capture exogenous attention in a first stage as reflected by the augmented amplitude of the P100 component of the ERPs in high IA participants. Fearful distractors may capture attention in a later moment in all participants as revealed by a marginally significant effect on the amplitude of N200. At behavioural level, disgusting distractors provoked a higher number of errors than neutral in normal IA participants. The time course of the effect of disgust and fearful eliciting distractors on exogenous attention appeared to depend on the individual characteristic of participants.
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25
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Noradrenergic activation induced by yohimbine decreases interoceptive accuracy in healthy individuals with childhood adversity. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 34:1013-1024. [PMID: 33446284 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420001613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute stress affects interoception, but it remains unclear if this is due to activation of the sympatho-adreno-medullary (SAM) or hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SAM axis activation on interoceptive accuracy (IAcc). Central alpha2-adrenergic receptors represent a negative feedback mechanism of the SAM axis. Major depressive disorder and adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are associated with alterations in the biological stress systems, including central alpha2-adrenergic receptors. Here, healthy individuals with and without ACE as well as depressive patients with and without ACE (n = 114; all without antidepressant medication) were tested after yohimbine (alpha2-adrenergic antagonist) and placebo. We assessed IAcc and sensibility in a heartbeat counting task. Increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure after yohimbine confirmed successful SAM axis activation. IAcc decreased after yohimbine only in the healthy group with ACE, but remained unchanged in all other groups (Group × Drug interaction). This effect may be due to selective upregulation of alpha2-adrenergic receptors after childhood trauma, which reduces capacity for attention focus on heartbeats. The sympathetic neural pathway including alpha2-adrenergic circuitries may be essential for mediating interoceptive signal transmission. Suppressed processing of physical sensations in stressful situations may represent an adaptive response in healthy individuals who experienced ACE.
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26
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Horváth Á, Vig L, Ferentzi E, Köteles F. Cardiac and Proprioceptive Accuracy Are Not Related to Body Awareness, Perceived Body Competence, and Affect. Front Psychol 2021; 11:575574. [PMID: 33519590 PMCID: PMC7840531 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.575574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interoception in the broader sense refers to the perception of internal states, including the perception of the actual state of the internal organs (visceroception) and the motor system (proprioception). Dimensions of interoception include (1) interoceptive accuracy, i.e., the ability to sense internal changes assessed with behavioral tests, (2) confidence rating with respect to perceived performance in an actual behavioral test, and (3) interoceptive sensibility, i.e., the self-reported generalized ability to perceive body changes. The relationship between dimension of cardioceptive and proprioceptive modalities and their association with affect are scarcely studied. In the present study, undergraduate students (N = 105, 53 males, age: 21.0 ± 1.87 years) filled out questionnaires assessing positive and negative affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule), interoceptive sensibility (Body Awareness Questionnaire), and body competence (Body Competence Scale of the Body Consciousness Questionnaire). Following this, they completed a behavioral task assessing cardioceptive accuracy (the mental heartbeat tracking task by Schandry) and two tasks assessing proprioceptive accuracy with respect to the tension of arm flexor muscles (weight discrimination task) and the angular position of the elbow joint (joint position reproduction task). Confidence ratings were measured with visual analog scales after the tasks. With the exception of a weak association between cardioceptive accuracy and the respective confidence rating, no associations between and within modalities were found with respect to various dimensions of interoception. Further, the interoceptive dimensions were not associated with state and trait positive and negative affect and perceived body competence. In summary, interoceptive accuracy scores do not substantially contribute to conscious representations of cardioceptive and proprioceptive ability. Within our data, non-pathological affective states (PANAS) are not associated with the major dimensions of interoception for the cardiac and proprioceptive modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Áron Horváth
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Luca Vig
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Ferentzi
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Köteles
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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27
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Sigrist C, Mürner-Lavanchy I, Peschel SKV, Schmidt SJ, Kaess M, Koenig J. Early life maltreatment and resting-state heart rate variability: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:307-334. [PMID: 33171141 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent focus on the consequences of early life adversity (ELA) in neurobiological research led to a variety of findings suggesting alterations in several physiological systems, such as the cardiovascular system. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we focused on the relationship between early life maltreatment (ELM), one form of ELA, and resting vagal activity indexed by resting-state heart rate variability (HRV). A systematic search of the literature yielded 1'264 hits, of which 32 studies reporting data for group comparisons or correlations were included. By quantitative synthesis of existing studies using random-effect models, we found no evidence for a relationship between ELM exposure and resting vagal activity in principal. Conducting meta-regression analyses, however, we found the relationship between ELM and resting vagal activity to significantly vary as a function of both age and the presence of psychopathology. In light of the current multitude of vastly unclear pathways linking ELM to the onset of disease, we emphasize the need for further research and outline several aspects to consider in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sigrist
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ines Mürner-Lavanchy
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie K V Peschel
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefanie J Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Section for Translational Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Koenig
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Section for Experimental Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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28
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Schulz A, Schultchen D, Vögele C. Interoception, Stress, and Physical Symptoms in Stress-Associated Diseases. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The brain and peripheral bodily organs continuously exchange information. Exemplary, interoception refers to the processing and perception of ascending information from the body to the brain. Stress responses involve a neurobehavioral cascade, which includes the activation of peripheral organs via neural and endocrine pathways and can thus be seen as an example for descending information on the brain-body axis. Hence, the interaction of interoception and stress represents bi-directional communication on the brain-body axis. The main hypothesis underlying this review is that the dysregulation of brain-body communication represents an important mechanism for the generation of physical symptoms in stress-related disorders. The aims of this review are, therefore, (1) to summarize current knowledge on acute stress effects on different stages of interoceptive signal processing, (2) to discuss possible patterns of abnormal brain-body communication (i.e., alterations in interoception and physiological stress axes activation) in mental disorders and chronic physical conditions, and (3) to consider possible approaches to modify interoception. Due to the regulatory feedback loops underlying brain-body communication, the modification of interoceptive processes (ascending signals) may, in turn, affect physiological stress axes activity (descending signals), and, ultimately, also physical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Schulz
- Research Group Self-Regulation and Health, Institute for Health and Behaviour, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences Faculty of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Dana Schultchen
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Ulm University, Germany
| | - Claus Vögele
- Research Group Self-Regulation and Health, Institute for Health and Behaviour, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences Faculty of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Herbert BM. Interoception and Its Role for Eating, Obesity, and Eating Disorders. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The importance of the sense of ourselves from within for understanding adaptive behavior and psychopathology has been increasingly recognized during the last decades. Interoception builds the foundation of our embodied self and dysfunctional interoception lies at the core of many psychosomatic disorders. Eating is fundamental for survival with consequences for health and well-being. It is deeply grounded in homoeostatic and allostatic psychophysiological needs and is driven by interoceptive signals of the body. This narrative review summarizes a selection of empirical findings and draws conclusions on the role of interoception in eating behavior, body weight, and eating disorders. Beyond disordered eating behavior, eating disorders are characterized by impairment of the sense of self, with dysfunctional interoception at its core. Predictive coding accounts are addressed to integrate conclusions and to underline the relevance of interventions to modify interoception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate M. Herbert
- Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
- Psychology School, University of Applied Sciences Fresenius, Munich, Germany
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Mai-Lippold SA, Dettlinger CM, Khalsa SS, Pollatos O. A Pilot Study on the Effect of an Energy Drink on Interoception in High vs. Low Anxiety Sensitivity Individuals. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: The market for energy drinks has grown quickly over the past 20 years. While the physiological and psychological effects of different ingredients have been studied, the influence of energy drinks on interoceptive processes is unclear. Anxiety has been associated with amplified interoceptive functioning, suggesting potentially exaggerated reactions to energy drinks. Aims: Investigate the effect of energy drink consumption and anxiety sensitivity (AS) as well as their possible interactions on cardiorespiratory dimensions of interoception. Method: Thirty-nine healthy students consumed an energy drink via a placebo-controlled, counterbalanced, crossover design. Cardiac and respiratory interoceptive accuracy (IAcc), interoceptive sensibility (IS), and interoceptive evaluation (IE) were assessed. Heartbeat-evoked potentials (HEPs) were analyzed to evaluate neural processing of the heartbeat. Results: Consumption of one energy drink did not influence IAcc, IS, or IE. However, high AS subjects reported reduced interoceptive confidence after energy drink intake. While HEP amplitudes did not differ depending on the type of drink, high AS subjects showed reduced HEPs overall compared to low AS subjects. Heart rate was significantly lower following energy drink consumption as compared to the placebo condition. Limitations: The sample size was small, energy dosages low, and physiological parameters should be assessed in more detail. Conclusion: Energy drink consumption was associated with an interoceptive bias in high AS individuals suggesting possible interaction effects between changes in physical state, interoception, and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sahib S. Khalsa
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, University of Tulsa, OK, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Olga Pollatos
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Ulm University, Germany
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Khowaja SA, Prabono AG, Setiawan F, Yahya BN, Lee SL. Toward soft real-time stress detection using wrist-worn devices for human workspaces. Soft comput 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00500-020-05338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hickman L, Seyedsalehi A, Cook JL, Bird G, Murphy J. The relationship between heartbeat counting and heartbeat discrimination: A meta-analysis. Biol Psychol 2020; 156:107949. [PMID: 32911018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Interoception concerns the perception of the body's internal state. Despite the importance of this ability for health and aspects of higher-order cognition, its measurement remains problematic. Most studies of interoception employ one of two tasks: the heartbeat counting or heartbeat discrimination task. These tasks are thought to index common abilities, an assertion often used to justify the use of a single measure of cardiac interoception. However, mixed findings regarding the relationship between performance on these tasks raises the question of whether they can be used interchangeably to assess interoceptive accuracy, confidence and awareness ('metacognition'). The present study employed a meta-analytical approach to assess the association between these tasks. Pooled findings from 22 studies revealed a small relationship between accuracy scores on the measures. Additional analyses demonstrated a moderate relationship between confidence ratings but no association between measures of interoceptive awareness. These findings question the interchangeable use of the two tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Hickman
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Aida Seyedsalehi
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer L Cook
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom
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Davey S, Bell E, Halberstadt J, Collings S. Where is an emotion? Using targeted visceroception as a method of improving emotion regulation in healthy participants to inform suicide prevention initiatives: a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:642. [PMID: 32664997 PMCID: PMC7362633 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04479-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND William James' 1884 paper "What is an emotion?" has generated much recent interest in affective science regarding somatic contributions to emotion. Studies of interoception ("sensing the physiological condition of the body") suggest that sensing specific parts of the body contributes to the production of emotion, namely when sensing the viscera (i.e. "visceroception" of the heart, gut or lungs). Improved visceroception has, for instance, been linked to increased emotional intensity, suggesting a role for interoception in emotion regulation that may pertain specifically to visceral bodily locations. Thus, in addition to asking James' question, "What is an emotion?", we ask, "Where is an emotion?". Further, there is an evidence base pointing to the connections between emotion regulation and suicide, and between interoception and suicide. This is a preliminary trial investigating whether targeted interoception/visceroception improves emotion regulation. Ultimately, the overall project aims to inform suicide prevention efforts. METHODS The trial utilises a pre-test/post-test control group design, with two experimental groups undergoing visceroceptive interventions (focussing on areas pertaining to the gut or heart) and a control group. The interventions will run for 8 weeks. A spatial cueing task will measure reaction times to bodily changes relating to lower abdomen or chest focus. A stop/signal task will measure emotional inhibition, which is hypothesised to obscure awareness of active bodily locations. Visceroceptive ability will be tracked using a heartbeat estimation task, a water load test, and by self-report questionnaire. The sample will consist of healthcare professionals and healthcare students. Despite these being groups that represent a relatively high suicide risk among professional and student groups, all participants will be healthy, given the preliminary nature of this trial. DISCUSSION To our knowledge, this will be the first project to address whether emotional feeling presents as a localised bodily phenomenon and whether trained awareness of emotional localisation can improve emotion regulation. It will also be the first to investigate relationships between interoception and emotional inhibition (i.e. whether a sustained interoceptive practice leads to the disinhibition of bodily emotional sensations, which can positively contribute to emotion regulation). These empirical findings on emotion regulation from a healthy sample will be used to inform a desk-based enquiry into the role of embodied emotion in suicide prevention, which may make a significant contribution to a growing evidence base on interoception and suicide. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTR N12619000324112 . Registered on 4 March 2019. Universal Trial Number (UTN): U1111-1221-0201.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Davey
- Suicide and Mental Health Research Group, University of Otago, Wellington, PO Box 7343, Wellington, Newtown, 6242, New Zealand.
| | - Elliot Bell
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Sunny Collings
- Suicide and Mental Health Research Group, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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Millman LSM, Terhune DB, Hunter ECM, Orgs G. Towards a neurocognitive approach to dance movement therapy for mental health: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Psychother 2020; 28:24-38. [PMID: 32539160 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Dance movement therapy (DMT) has become an increasingly recognized and used treatment, though primarily used to target psychological and physical well-being in individuals with physical, medical or neurological illnesses. To contribute to the relative lack of literature within the field of DMT for clinical mental health disorders, using a narrative synthesis, we review the scope of recent, controlled studies of DMT in samples with different psychiatric disorders including depression, schizophrenia, autism and somatoform disorder. A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, World of Science and Clinicaltrials.gov) was conducted to identify studies examining the effects of DMT in psychiatric populations. Fifteen studies were eligible for inclusion. After reviewing the principal results of the studies, we highlight strengths and weaknesses of this treatment approach and examine the potential efficacy of using bodily movements as a tool to reduce symptoms. We conclude by placing DMT within the context of contemporary cognitive neuroscience research, drawing out implications of such an orientation for future research and discussing potential mechanisms by which DMT might reduce psychiatric symptoms. DMT has clear potential as a treatment for a range of conditions and symptoms, and thus, further research on its utility is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Guido Orgs
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
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35
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High blood pressure responders show largest increase in heartbeat perception accuracy after post-learning stress following a cardiac interoceptive learning task. Biol Psychol 2020; 154:107919. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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36
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Köteles F, Teufel B, Körmendi J, Ferentzi E, Szemerszky R. Cardioceptive accuracy is associated with arousal but not with valence and perceived exertion under physical load. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13620. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Köteles
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary
| | - Bence Teufel
- Institute of Psychology ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary
| | - János Körmendi
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary
| | - Eszter Ferentzi
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary
| | - Renáta Szemerszky
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary
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Comment on “Zamariola et al. (2018), Interoceptive Accuracy Scores are Problematic: Evidence from Simple Bivariate Correlations”—The empirical data base, the conceptual reasoning and the analysis behind this statement are misconceived and do not support the authors’ conclusions. Biol Psychol 2020; 152:107870. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Ross P, Atkinson AP. Expanding Simulation Models of Emotional Understanding: The Case for Different Modalities, Body-State Simulation Prominence, and Developmental Trajectories. Front Psychol 2020; 11:309. [PMID: 32194476 PMCID: PMC7063097 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent models of emotion recognition suggest that when people perceive an emotional expression, they partially activate the respective emotion in themselves, providing a basis for the recognition of that emotion. Much of the focus of these models and of their evidential basis has been on sensorimotor simulation as a basis for facial expression recognition - the idea, in short, that coming to know what another feels involves simulating in your brain the motor plans and associated sensory representations engaged by the other person's brain in producing the facial expression that you see. In this review article, we argue that simulation accounts of emotion recognition would benefit from three key extensions. First, that fuller consideration be given to simulation of bodily and vocal expressions, given that the body and voice are also important expressive channels for providing cues to another's emotional state. Second, that simulation of other aspects of the perceived emotional state, such as changes in the autonomic nervous system and viscera, might have a more prominent role in underpinning emotion recognition than is typically proposed. Sensorimotor simulation models tend to relegate such body-state simulation to a subsidiary role, despite the plausibility of body-state simulation being able to underpin emotion recognition in the absence of typical sensorimotor simulation. Third, that simulation models of emotion recognition be extended to address how embodied processes and emotion recognition abilities develop through the lifespan. It is not currently clear how this system of sensorimotor and body-state simulation develops and in particular how this affects the development of emotion recognition ability. We review recent findings from the emotional body recognition literature and integrate recent evidence regarding the development of mimicry and interoception to significantly expand simulation models of emotion recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paddy Ross
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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39
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Abstract
Abstract. Previous research suggests that individuals with increased awareness of internal bodily states (i.e., high interoceptive awareness) are more sensitive to emotional stimuli, particularly stimuli that are negative or threatening. Concurrently, there is increasing evidence that words that are more body-referent (e.g., bonehead) are processed faster, perceived more accurately, and generate larger neuroelectrical signals than those that are less body-referent (e.g., idiot). The present study examined individual differences in interoceptive awareness (IA) to these more embodied words. While electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded, participants passively viewed insults, compliments, and neutral stimuli, half of which were more embodied (e.g., bonehead, beautiful) and half of which were less embodied (e.g., idiot, friendly). Results showed that the high perceivers generated a larger P2 to embodied compliments than less embodied compliments while average perceivers generated a larger P2 to embodied insults than to less embodied insults. The results provide preliminary evidence that good cardiac awareness is not only associated with increased sensitivity to negative stimuli, but to stimuli pertaining to the body itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik M. Benau
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Ruth Ann Atchley
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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40
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Forkmann T, Volz-Sidiropoulou E, Helbing T, Drüke B, Mainz V, Rath D, Gauggel S, Teismann T. Sense it and use it: interoceptive accuracy and sensibility in suicide ideators. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:334. [PMID: 31675999 PMCID: PMC6825340 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2322-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interoceptive deficits have been found to be associated with suicidal ideation and behavior. However, an objective measure of interoceptive accuracy has not been investigated in participants with suicide ideation, by now. This study aimed at investigating interoceptive accuracy and sensibility in persons with and without suicide ideation (SI) while controlling for severity of depressive symptoms. METHOD Ninety-five participants (age: M = 34.8, SD = 11.6, n = 56 female [58.9%]; n = 51 patients with a Major Depressive Disorder and n = 44 healthy participants) were assessed for interoceptive accuracy and sensibility, depression and SI. RESULTS Twenty-five participants (26%) reported SI. They showed interoceptive accuracy comparable to persons without SI (t = -.81, p = .422), but significantly lower interoceptive sensibility. After controlling for severity of depressive symptoms in a hierarchical linear regression analysis, most associations between interoceptive sensibility and SI disappeared. CONCLUSION Results suggest that suicide ideators do not lack the ability to perceive their own bodily signals but they feel less able to use them in a way that is advantageous for them. Differences between suicide ideators and non-ideators appear to be largely driven by depressive symptoms (depression bias).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Forkmann
- 0000 0001 2187 5445grid.5718.bDepartment of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eftychia Volz-Sidiropoulou
- 0000 0000 8653 1507grid.412301.5Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Trientje Helbing
- 0000 0000 8653 1507grid.412301.5Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Barbara Drüke
- 0000 0000 8653 1507grid.412301.5Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Verena Mainz
- 0000 0000 8653 1507grid.412301.5Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dajana Rath
- 0000 0001 2187 5445grid.5718.bDepartment of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Siegfried Gauggel
- 0000 0000 8653 1507grid.412301.5Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Teismann
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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41
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My body, your emotions: Viscerosomatic modulation of facial expression discrimination. Biol Psychol 2019; 149:107779. [PMID: 31644926 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Interoception reflects the ability to observe one's innermost bodily states. Here, we assessed whether interoceptive accuracy (IA) is related to the empathic ability to discriminate others' emotions. Participants (N = 111) completed a heartbeat tracking task, as well as an emotional go/no-go task with fearful and disgusted faces. Empathic facial mimicry during the go/no-go task was measured using electromyography (EMG) of the Corrugator Supercilii muscle. Higher IA was associated with higher perceptual sensitivity for emotional faces but was unrelated to response bias. Individuals higher in IA had stronger coupling between facial EMG and task performance. IA and facial EMG were associated with Go but not with NoGo trials, consistent with a specific modulation of perceptual sensitivity. These results suggest that tuning into one's own viscerosomatic signals relates to empathic mimicry and perception of others' emotional states.
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Schultchen D, Bayer J, Kühnel J, Melchers KG, Pollatos O. Interoceptive accuracy is related to long‐term stress via self‐regulation. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13429. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Schultchen
- Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | - Julia Bayer
- Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education Ulm University Ulm Germany
- Work and Organizational Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | - Jana Kühnel
- Work and Organizational Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | - Klaus G. Melchers
- Work and Organizational Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | - Olga Pollatos
- Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education Ulm University Ulm Germany
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Schultchen D, Zaudig M, Krauseneck T, Berberich G, Pollatos O. Interoceptive deficits in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder in the time course of cognitive-behavioral therapy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217237. [PMID: 31125377 PMCID: PMC6534313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interoception is impaired in different psychiatric disorders and is also associated with emotions. Only one study could show a higher interoceptive accuracy (IAcc) in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Based on the predictive coding system we assume contrary results, indicating a decreased IAcc in patients with OCD. So far, there is no study investigating the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy on IAcc in patients with OCD. Therefore, we hypothesize that patients with OCD improve their IAcc during the time course of therapy compared to healthy controls. Twenty-six patients with OCD from the Psychosomatic Clinic in Windach were examined in the time course of cognitive-behavioral therapy. They were compared to 26 matched healthy controls. IAcc via the heartbeat perception task as well as questionnaire data (OCD-, depression- and anxiety symptoms) were assessed. Results showed that IAcc, OCD-, depression- and anxiety symptoms were attenuated in patients with OCD. Patients recovered in the time course of therapy regarding OCD-, depression- and anxiety symptoms. Interoceptive deficits did not change in the time course of cognitive-behavioral therapy. We demonstrated that IAcc is affected in patients with OCD and this deficit does not change during the time course of a standardized therapy. Future studies should investigate, whether an inaccuracy in perceiving one's bodily signals constitutes a risk factor for relapse. Further, it could be examined if IAcc can be increased via self- and body focus interventions in patients with OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Schultchen
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | | | - Olga Pollatos
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Mai S, Braun J, Probst V, Kammer T, Pollatos O. Changes in emotional processing following interoceptive network stimulation with rTMS. Neuroscience 2019; 406:405-419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Schaan VK, Schulz A, Rubel JA, Bernstein M, Domes G, Schächinger H, Vögele C. Childhood Trauma Affects Stress-Related Interoceptive Accuracy. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:750. [PMID: 31681049 PMCID: PMC6813623 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life adversity (ELA) may cause permanent disturbances in brain-body signaling. These disturbances are thought to contribute to physical symptoms and emotional dysregulation in adulthood. The current study investigated the effects of childhood trauma on young adults' interoceptive accuracy as an indicator of brain-body communication that may be dysregulated by ELA. Sixty-six participants completed an online questionnaire followed by a laboratory session including the socially evaluated cold pressor stress test during which ECG, salivary cortisol, and interoceptive accuracy were assessed. Childhood trauma was negatively related to interoceptive accuracy (IAc) after the stressor. This stress effect could not be observed for heart rate and cortisol, which were unrelated to IAc. Participants reporting higher baseline unpleasantness exhibited lower IAc after the stressor, while increases in unpleasantness due to the stressor were associated with higher IAc. Unpleasantness at baseline mediated the effect of childhood trauma on IAc after the stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta K Schaan
- Institute for Health and Behaviour, Research Unit INSIDE, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - André Schulz
- Institute for Health and Behaviour, Research Unit INSIDE, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Julian A Rubel
- Department of Psychotherapy Research, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Bernstein
- Department of Psychology and Social Sciences, Penn State Abington, Abington Township, PA, United States
| | - Gregor Domes
- Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology, University of Trier, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schächinger
- Department of Clinical Psychophysiology, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Germany
| | - Claus Vögele
- Institute for Health and Behaviour, Research Unit INSIDE, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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KROHOVA J, CZIPPELOVA B, TURIANIKOVA Z, LAZAROVA Z, WISZT R, JAVORKA M, FAES L. Information Domain Analysis of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Mechanisms. Physiol Res 2018; 67:S611-S618. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventilation related heart rate oscillations – respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) – originate in human from several mechanisms. Two most important of them – the central mechanism (direct communication between respiratory and cardiomotor centers), and the peripheral mechanism (ventilation-associated blood pressure changes transferred to heart rate via baroreflex) have been described in previous studies. The major aim of this study was to compare the importance of these mechanisms in the generation of RSA non-invasively during various states by quantifying the strength of the directed interactions between heart rate, systolic blood pressure and respiratory volume signals. Seventy-eight healthy volunteers (32 male, age range: 16.02-25.77 years, median age: 18.57 years) participated in this study. The strength of mutual interconnections among the spontaneous beat-to-beat oscillations of systolic blood pressure (SBP), R-R interval (RR signal) and respiration (volume changes – RESP signal) was quantified during supine rest, orthostatic challenge (head-up tilt, HUT) and cognitive load (mental arithmetics, MA) using bivariate and trivariate measures of cardio-respiratory information transfer to separate baroreflex and nonbaroreflex (central) mechanisms. Our results indicate that both basic mechanisms take part in RSA generation in the intact cardiorespiratory control of human subjects. During orthostatic and mental challenges baroreflex based peripheral mechanism becomes more important.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. KROHOVA
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
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The role of mid-insula in the relationship between cardiac interoceptive attention and anxiety: evidence from an fMRI study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17280. [PMID: 30467392 PMCID: PMC6250688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35635-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interoception refers to the perception of the internal bodily states. Recent accounts highlight the role of the insula in both interoception and the subjective experience of anxiety. The current study aimed to delve deeper into the neural correlates of cardiac interoception; more specifically, the relationship between interoception-related insular activity, interoceptive accuracy, and anxiety. This was done using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in an experimental design in which 40 healthy volunteers focused on their heartbeat and anxious events. Interoceptive accuracy and anxiety levels were measured using the Heartbeat Perception Task and State Trait Anxiety Inventory, respectively. The results showed posterior, mid and anterior insular activity during cardiac interoception, whereas anxiety-related activation showed only anterior insular activity. Activation of the anterior insula when focused on cardiac interoception was positively correlated to state and trait anxiety levels, respectively. Moreover, the mid-insular activity during the cardiac attention condition not only related to individuals’ interoceptive accuracy but also to their levels of state and trait anxiety, respectively. These findings confirm that there are distinct neural representations of heartbeat attention and anxious experience across the insular regions, and suggest the mid-insula as a crucial link between cardiac interoception and anxiety.
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Shoji M, Mehling WE, Hautzinger M, Herbert BM. Investigating Multidimensional Interoceptive Awareness in a Japanese Population: Validation of the Japanese MAIA-J. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1855. [PMID: 30349493 PMCID: PMC6186846 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) is a self-report instrument to assess relevant dimensions of bodily awareness. The aim of this study was to offer a Japanese version and adaptation of the MAIA (MAIA-J), as well as to analyse its psychometric properties in a Japanese population. The English MAIA was systematically forward and backward translated by bi-lingual Japanese experts; additionally, content validity aspects regarding language were discussed by a panel of experts. The MAIA-J was administered to 390 Japanese young adults (age: 20.3 ± 2.2), 67.7% women and 32.2% men. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) reduced the questionnaire from 32 to 25 items and from 8 to 6 factors (Noticing, Not-Distracting, Attention Regulation, Emotional Awareness, Body Listening, and Trusting). The Japanese version showed appropriate indicators of construct validity and reliability, with Cronbach's α between 0.67 and 0.87 for the 6 MAIA-J dimensions. The findings demonstrate that MAIA-J has a slightly different factor structure compared to the original English MAIA. Results are discussed with respect to cultural differences. However, the study results support acceptable reliability of the MAIA-J in the Japanese sample, warranting its use for future studies with Japanese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayasu Shoji
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, National Center for Global Health Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Wolf E Mehling
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Martin Hautzinger
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Beate M Herbert
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Costa RM, Oliveira G, Pestana J, Costa D, Oliveira RF. Do Psychosocial Factors Moderate the Relation between Testosterone and Female Sexual Desire? The Role of Interoception, Alexithymia, Defense Mechanisms, and Relationship Status. ADAPTIVE HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40750-018-0102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mai S, Wong CK, Georgiou E, Pollatos O. Interoception is associated with heartbeat-evoked brain potentials (HEPs) in adolescents. Biol Psychol 2018; 137:24-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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