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Centner A, Del Priore I, Chambers N, Cohen SR, Terry ML, Coyle M, Glinski J, Stoll AC, Patterson JR, Kemp CJ, Miller KM, Kubik M, Kuhn N, Luk KC, Sortwell CE, Bishop C. Deficits in basal and evoked striatal dopamine release following alpha-synuclein preformed fibril injection: An in vivo microdialysis study. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1585-1603. [PMID: 38356120 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the accumulation of misfolded alpha-synuclein (α-syn) protein, forming intraneuronal Lewy body (LB) inclusions. The α-syn preformed fibril (PFF) model of PD recapitulates α-syn aggregation, progressive nigrostriatal degeneration and motor dysfunction; however, little is known about the time course of PFF-induced alterations in basal and evoked dopamine (DA). In vivo microdialysis is well suited for identifying small changes in neurotransmitter levels over extended periods. In the present study, adult male Fischer 344 rats received unilateral, intrastriatal injections of either α-syn PFFs or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). At 4 or 8 months post-injection (p.i.), animals underwent in vivo microdialysis to evaluate basal extracellular striatal DA and metabolite levels, local KCl-evoked striatal DA release and the effects of systemic levodopa (l-DOPA). Post-mortem analysis demonstrated equivalent PFF-induced reductions in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive nigral neurons (~50%) and striatal TH (~20%) at both time points. Compared with reduction in striatal TH, reduction in striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) was more pronounced and progressed between the 4- and 8-month p.i. intervals (36% ➔ 46%). Significant PFF-induced deficits in basal and evoked striatal DA, as well as deficits in motor performance, were not observed until 8 months p.i. Responses to l-DOPA did not differ regardless of PBS or PFF treatment. These results suggest that basal and evoked striatal DA are maintained for several months following PFF injection, with loss of both associated with motor dysfunction. Our studies provide insight into the time course and magnitude of PFF-induced extracellular dopaminergic deficits in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Centner
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | | | - Nicole Chambers
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Sophie R Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Michelle L Terry
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Michael Coyle
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - John Glinski
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Anna C Stoll
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Joseph R Patterson
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher J Kemp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Kathryn M Miller
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Kubik
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Nathan Kuhn
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Kelvin C Luk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Caryl E Sortwell
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher Bishop
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
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2
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Kim SJ, Miller B, Hartel NG, Ramirez R, Braniff RG, Leelaprachakul N, Huang A, Wang Y, Arpawong TE, Crimmins EM, Wang P, Sun X, Liu C, Levy D, Yen K, Petzinger GM, Graham NA, Jakowec MW, Cohen P. A naturally occurring variant of SHLP2 is a protective factor in Parkinson's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:505-517. [PMID: 38167865 PMCID: PMC11116102 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02344-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (mtSNPs) have been associated with a reduced risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we investigate the functional role of a PD-associated mtSNP that impacts the mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) Small Humanin-like Peptide 2 (SHLP2). We identify m.2158 T > C, a mtSNP associated with reduced PD risk, within the small open reading frame encoding SHLP2. This mtSNP results in an alternative form of SHLP2 (lysine 4 replaced with arginine; K4R). Using targeted mass spectrometry, we detect specific tryptic fragments of SHLP2 in neuronal cells and demonstrate its binding to mitochondrial complex 1. Notably, we observe that the K4R variant, associated with reduced PD risk, exhibits increased stability compared to WT SHLP2. Additionally, both WT and K4R SHLP2 show enhanced protection against mitochondrial dysfunction in in vitro experiments and confer protection against a PD-inducing toxin, a mitochondrial complex 1 inhibitor, in a mouse model. This study sheds light on the functional consequences of the m.2158 T > C mtSNP on SHLP2 and provides insights into the potential mechanisms by which this mtSNP may reduce the risk of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jeong Kim
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Miller
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas G Hartel
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ricardo Ramirez
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Regina Gonzalez Braniff
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Naphada Leelaprachakul
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Amy Huang
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thalida Em Arpawong
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eileen M Crimmins
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Penglong Wang
- The Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xianbang Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- The Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University's and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University's and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Kelvin Yen
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Giselle M Petzinger
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas A Graham
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael W Jakowec
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, The George and MaryLou Boone Center for Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Mazza MC, Nguyen V, Beilina A, Karakoleva E, Coyle M, Ding J, Bishop C, Cookson MR. Combined Knockout of Lrrk2 and Rab29 Does Not Result in Behavioral Abnormalities in vivo. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 11:569-584. [PMID: 33523017 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coding mutations in the LRRK2 gene, encoding for a large protein kinase, have been shown to cause familial Parkinson's disease (PD). The immediate biological consequence of LRRK2 mutations is to increase kinase activity, suggesting that inhibition of this enzyme might be useful therapeutically to slow disease progression. Genome-wide association studies have identified the chromosomal loci around LRRK2 and one of its proposed substrates, RAB29, as contributors towards the lifetime risk of sporadic PD. OBJECTIVE Considering the evidence for interactions between LRRK2 and RAB29 on the genetic and protein levels, we set out to determine whether there are any consequences on brain function with aging after deletion of both genes. METHODS We generated a double knockout mouse model and performed a battery of motor and non-motor behavioral tests. We then investigated postmortem assays to determine the presence of PD-like pathology, including nigral dopamine cell count, astrogliosis, microgliosis, and striatal monoamine content. RESULTS Behaviorally, we noted only that 18-24-month Rab29-/- and double (Lrrk2-/-/Rab29-/-) knockout mice had diminished locomotor behavior in open field compared to wildtype mice. However, no genotype differences were seen in the outcomes that represented PD-like pathology. CONCLUSION These results suggest that depletion of both LRRK2 and RAB29 is tolerated, at least in mice, and support that this pathway might be able to be safely targeted for therapeutics in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Conti Mazza
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Victoria Nguyen
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alexandra Beilina
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ema Karakoleva
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Coyle
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Jinhui Ding
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Bishop
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Mark R Cookson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Steece-Collier K, Collier TJ, Lipton JW, Stancati JA, Winn ME, Cole-Strauss A, Sellnow R, Conti MM, Mercado NM, Nillni EA, Sortwell CE, Manfredsson FP, Bishop C. Striatal Nurr1, but not FosB expression links a levodopa-induced dyskinesia phenotype to genotype in Fisher 344 vs. Lewis hemiparkinsonian rats. Exp Neurol 2020; 330:113327. [PMID: 32387398 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous genes, and alterations in their expression, have been identified as risk factors for developing levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). However, our understanding of the complexities of molecular changes remains insufficient for development of clinical treatment. In the current study we used gene array, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and microdialysis to provide a unique compare and contrast assessment of the relationship of four candidate genes to LID, employing three genetically distinct rat strains (Sprague-Dawley (SD), Fischer-344 (F344) and Lewis-RT.1) showing differences in dyskinesia susceptibility and 'first-ever LID' versus 'chronic LID' expression in subjects displaying equal dyskinesia severity. In these studies, rat strains were easily distinguishable for their LID propensity with: 1) a majority of SD rats expressing LID (LID+) and a subset being resistant (LID-); 2) all F344 rats readily developing (LID+); and 3) all Lewis rats being LID-resistant (LID-). Following chronic levodopa, LID+ SD rats showed significant increases in candidate gene expression: Nr4a2/(Nurr1) > > Trh > Inhba = Fosb. However, SD rats with long-standing striatal dopamine (DA) depletion treated with first-ever versus chronic high-dose levodopa revealed that despite identical levels of LID severity: 1) Fosb and Nurr1 transcripts but not protein were elevated with acute LID expression; 2) FOSB/ΔFOSB and NURR1 proteins were elevated only with chronic LID; and 3) Trh transcript and protein were elevated only with chronic LID. Strikingly, despite similar levodopa-induced striatal DA release in both LID-expressing F344 and LID-resistant Lewis rats, Fosb, Trh, Inhba transcripts were significantly elevated in both strains; however, Nurr1 mRNA was significantly increased only in LID+ F344 rats. These findings suggest a need to reevaluate currently accepted genotype-to-phenotype relationships in the expression of LID, specifically that of Fosb, a transcription factor generally assumed to play a causal role, and Nurr1, a transcription factor that has received significant attention in PD research linked to its critical role in the survival and function of midbrain DA neurons but who's striatal expression, generally below levels of detection, has remained largely unexplored as a regulator of LID. Finally these studies introduce a novel 'model' (inbred F344 vs inbred Lewis) that may provide a powerful tool for investigating the role for 'dyskinesia-resistance' genes downstream of 'dyskinesia-susceptibility' genes in modulating LID expression, a concept that has received considerably less attention and offers a new ways of thinking about antidyskinetic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Steece-Collier
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
| | - Timothy J Collier
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jack W Lipton
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jennifer A Stancati
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Mary E Winn
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Allyson Cole-Strauss
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Rhyomi Sellnow
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Melissa M Conti
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - Natosha M Mercado
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Eduardo A Nillni
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Caryl E Sortwell
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Fredric P Manfredsson
- Parkinson's Disease Research Unit, Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Christopher Bishop
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
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5
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Dalla Vecchia E, Di Donato V, Young AMJ, Del Bene F, Norton WHJ. Reelin Signaling Controls the Preference for Social Novelty in Zebrafish. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:214. [PMID: 31607872 PMCID: PMC6761276 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin (Reln) is an extracellular glycoprotein that is important for brain patterning. During development Reln coordinates the radial migration of postmitotic cortical neurons, cerebellar and hippocampal neurons, whereas it promotes dendrite maturation, synaptogenesis, synaptic transmission, plasticity and neurotransmitter release in the postnatal and adult brain. Genetic studies of human patients have demonstrated association between the RELN locus and autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and Alzheimer’s disease. In this study we have characterized the behavioral phenotype of reelin (reln) mutant zebrafish, as well as two canonical signaling pathway targets DAB adaptor protein 1a (dab1a) and the very low density lipoprotein receptor (vldlr). Zebrafish reln–/– mutants display a selective reduction in preference for social novelty that is not observed in dab1a–/– or vldlr–/– mutant lines. They also exhibit an increase in 5-HT signaling in the hindbrain that parallels but does not underpin the alteration in social preference. These results suggest that zebrafish reln–/– mutants can be used to model some aspects of human diseases in which changes to Reln signaling alter social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dalla Vecchia
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Di Donato
- Institut Curie, Paris, France.,ZeClinics SL, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew M J Young
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - William H J Norton
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Chambers NE, Meadows SM, Taylor A, Sheena E, Lanza K, Conti MM, Bishop C. Effects of Muscarinic Acetylcholine m1 and m4 Receptor Blockade on Dyskinesia in the Hemi-Parkinsonian Rat. Neuroscience 2019; 409:180-194. [PMID: 31029732 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Standard treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) is L-DOPA, but with chronic administration the majority of patients develop L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Emerging evidence implicates the cholinergic system in PD and LID. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) are known to modulate movement and of late have been implicated as possible targets for LID. Therefore the current study investigated the role of M1 and M4 mAChRs in LID, on motor performance following L-DOPA treatment, and sought to identify brain sites through which these receptors were acting. We first administered M1R-preferring antagonist trihexyphenidyl (0, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) or the M4R-preferring antagonist tropicamide (0, 10, and 30 mg/kg, i.p.) before L-DOPA, after which LID and motor performance were evaluated. Both compounds worsened and extended the time course of LID, while M1R blockade improved motor performance. We then evaluated the effects of tropicamide and trihexyphenidyl on dyskinesia induced by D1R agonist SKF81297 or D2R agonist quinpirole. Surprisingly, both M1R and M4R antagonists reduced D1R agonist-induced dyskinesia but not D2R agonist-induced dyskinesia, suggesting that mAChR blockade differentially affects MSN firing in the absence of postsynaptic DA. Finally, we evaluated effects of striatum- or PPN-targeted tropicamide microinfusion on LID and motor performance. Despite prior evidence, M4R blockade in either site alone did not affect the severity of LID via local striatal or PPN infusions. Taken together, these data suggest M4R as a promising therapeutic target for reducing LID using more selective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Chambers
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
| | - Samantha M Meadows
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
| | - Anne Taylor
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
| | - Eitan Sheena
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
| | - Kathryn Lanza
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
| | - Melissa M Conti
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
| | - Christopher Bishop
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
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7
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Sellnow RC, Newman JH, Chambers N, West AR, Steece-Collier K, Sandoval IM, Benskey MJ, Bishop C, Manfredsson FP. Regulation of dopamine neurotransmission from serotonergic neurons by ectopic expression of the dopamine D2 autoreceptor blocks levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:8. [PMID: 30646956 PMCID: PMC6332643 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) are a prevalent side effect of chronic treatment with levodopa (L-DOPA) for the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). It has long been hypothesized that serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) are capable of L-DOPA uptake and dysregulated release of dopamine (DA), and that this “false neurotransmission” phenomenon is a main contributor to LID development. Indeed, many preclinical studies have demonstrated LID management with serotonin receptor agonist treatment, but unfortunately, promising preclinical data has not been translated in large-scale clinical trials. Importantly, while there is an abundance of convincing clinical and preclinical evidence supporting a role of maladaptive serotonergic neurotransmission in LID expression, there is no direct evidence that dysregulated DA release from serotonergic neurons impacts LID formation. In this study, we ectopically expressed the DA autoreceptor D2Rs (or GFP) in the DRN of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rats. No negative impact on the therapeutic efficacy of L-DOPA was seen with rAAV-D2Rs therapy. However, D2Rs treated animals, when subjected to a LID-inducing dose regimen of L-DOPA, remained completely resistant to LID, even at high doses. Moreover, the same subjects remained resistant to LID formation when treated with direct DA receptor agonists, suggesting D2Rs activity in the DRN blocked dyskinesogenic L-DOPA priming of striatal neurons. In vivo microdialysis confirmed that DA efflux in the striatum was reduced with rAAV-D2Rs treatment, providing explicit evidence that abnormal DA release from DRN neurons can affect LID. This is the first direct evidence of dopaminergic neurotransmission in DRN neurons and its modulation with rAAV-D2Rs gene therapy confirms the serotonin hypothesis in LID, demonstrating that regulation of serotonergic neurons achieved with a gene therapy approach offers a novel and potent antidyskinetic therapy.
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8
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McWilliams TG, Barini E, Pohjolan-Pirhonen R, Brooks SP, Singh F, Burel S, Balk K, Kumar A, Montava-Garriga L, Prescott AR, Hassoun SM, Mouton-Liger F, Ball G, Hills R, Knebel A, Ulusoy A, Di Monte DA, Tamjar J, Antico O, Fears K, Smith L, Brambilla R, Palin E, Valori M, Eerola-Rautio J, Tienari P, Corti O, Dunnett SB, Ganley IG, Suomalainen A, Muqit MMK. Phosphorylation of Parkin at serine 65 is essential for its activation in vivo. Open Biol 2018; 8:rsob.180108. [PMID: 30404819 PMCID: PMC6282074 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in PINK1 and Parkin result in autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). Cell culture and in vitro studies have elaborated the PINK1-dependent regulation of Parkin and defined how this dyad orchestrates the elimination of damaged mitochondria via mitophagy. PINK1 phosphorylates ubiquitin at serine 65 (Ser65) and Parkin at an equivalent Ser65 residue located within its N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain, resulting in activation; however, the physiological significance of Parkin Ser65 phosphorylation in vivo in mammals remains unknown. To address this, we generated a Parkin Ser65Ala (S65A) knock-in mouse model. We observe endogenous Parkin Ser65 phosphorylation and activation in mature primary neurons following mitochondrial depolarization and reveal this is disrupted in Parkin S65A/S65A neurons. Phenotypically, Parkin S65A/S65A mice exhibit selective motor dysfunction in the absence of any overt neurodegeneration or alterations in nigrostriatal mitophagy. The clinical relevance of our findings is substantiated by the discovery of homozygous PARKIN (PARK2) p.S65N mutations in two unrelated patients with PD. Moreover, biochemical and structural analysis demonstrates that the ParkinS65N/S65N mutant is pathogenic and cannot be activated by PINK1. Our findings highlight the central role of Parkin Ser65 phosphorylation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G McWilliams
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK .,Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erica Barini
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Risto Pohjolan-Pirhonen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simon P Brooks
- The Brain Repair Group, Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales CF10 3AX, UK
| | - François Singh
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Sophie Burel
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Kristin Balk
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Atul Kumar
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Lambert Montava-Garriga
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Alan R Prescott
- Dundee Imaging Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | | | | | - Graeme Ball
- Dundee Imaging Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Rachel Hills
- The Brain Repair Group, Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Axel Knebel
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Ayse Ulusoy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Jevgenia Tamjar
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Odetta Antico
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Kyle Fears
- The Brain Repair Group, Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Laura Smith
- The Brain Repair Group, Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Riccardo Brambilla
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Institute, Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Eino Palin
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miko Valori
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Eerola-Rautio
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, Helsinki, FI 00290, Finland
| | - Pentti Tienari
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Stephen B Dunnett
- The Brain Repair Group, Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Ian G Ganley
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miratul M K Muqit
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK .,School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
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9
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Migdalska-Richards A, Wegrzynowicz M, Rusconi R, Deangeli G, Di Monte DA, Spillantini MG, Schapira AHV. The L444P Gba1 mutation enhances alpha-synuclein induced loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons in mice. Brain 2017; 140:2706-2721. [PMID: 28969384 PMCID: PMC5841155 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in glucocerebrosidase 1 (GBA1) represent the most prevalent risk factor for Parkinson's disease. The molecular mechanisms underlying the link between GBA1 mutations and Parkinson's disease are incompletely understood. We analysed two aged (24-month-old) Gba1 mouse models, one carrying a knock-out mutation and the other a L444P knock-in mutation. A significant reduction of glucocerebrosidase activity was associated with increased total alpha-synuclein accumulation in both these models. Gba1 mutations alone did not alter the number of nigral dopaminergic neurons nor striatal dopamine levels. We then investigated the effect of overexpression of human alpha-synuclein in the substantia nigra of aged (18 to 21-month-old) L444P Gba1 mice. Following intraparenchymal injections of human alpha-synuclein carrying viral vectors, pathological accumulation of phosphorylated alpha-synuclein occurred within the transduced neurons. Stereological counts of nigral dopaminergic neurons revealed a significantly greater cell loss in Gba1-mutant than wild-type mice. These results indicate that Gba1 deficiency enhances neuronal vulnerability to neurodegenerative processes triggered by increased alpha-synuclein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Migdalska-Richards
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Michal Wegrzynowicz
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Clifford Allbutt Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Raffaella Rusconi
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Giulio Deangeli
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Clifford Allbutt Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK.,Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.,University of Pisa, Lungarno Antonio Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Donato A Di Monte
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria G Spillantini
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Clifford Allbutt Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
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10
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Zimmerman CN, Eskow Jaunarajs KL, Meringolo M, Rizzo FR, Santoro M, Standaert DG, Pisani A. Evaluation of AZD1446 as a Therapeutic in DYT1 Dystonia. Front Syst Neurosci 2017; 11:43. [PMID: 28659770 PMCID: PMC5468415 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2017.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DYT1 dystonia is an early-onset, hyperkinetic movement disorder caused by a deletion in the gene TOR1A, which encodes the protein torsinA. Several lines of evidence show that in animal models of DTY1 dystonia, there is impaired basal dopamine (DA) release and enhanced acetylcholine tone. Clinically, anticholinergic drugs are the most effective pharmacological treatment for DYT1 dystonia, but the currently used agents are non-selective muscarinic antagonists and associated with side effects. We used a DYT1 ∆GAG knock-in mouse model (DYT1 KI) to investigate whether nicotine and/or a non-desensitizing nicotinic agonist, AZD1446, would increase DA output in DYT1 dystonia. Using in vivo microdialysis, we found that DYT1 KI mice showed significantly increased DA output and greater sensitivity to nicotine compared to wild type (WT) littermate controls. In contrast, neither systemic injection (0.25–0.75 mg/kg) or intrastriatal infusion (30 μM–1 mM) of AZD1446 had a significant effect on DA efflux in WT or DYT1 KI mice. In vitro, we found that AZD1446 had no effect on the membrane properties of striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) and did not alter the spontaneous firing of ChI interneurons in either WT or DYT1 KI mice. We did observe that the firing frequency of dopaminergic neurons was significantly increased by AZD1446 (10 μM), an effect blocked by dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHβE 3 μM), but the effect was similar in WT and DYT1 KI mice. Our results support the view that DYT1 models are associated with abnormal striatal cholinergic transmission, and that the DYT1 KI animals have enhanced sensitivity to nicotine. We found little effect of AZD1446 in this model, suggesting that other approaches to nicotinic modulation should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea N Zimmerman
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama-BirminghamBirmingham, AL, United States
| | - Karen L Eskow Jaunarajs
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama-BirminghamBirmingham, AL, United States
| | - Maria Meringolo
- Neurophysiology and Plasticity Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCSRome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor VergataRome, Italy
| | - Francesca R Rizzo
- Neurophysiology and Plasticity Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCSRome, Italy
| | - Massimo Santoro
- Department of Neuroscience, Fondazione Don GnocchiMilan, Italy
| | - David G Standaert
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama-BirminghamBirmingham, AL, United States
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Neurophysiology and Plasticity Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCSRome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor VergataRome, Italy
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11
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Characterizing the differential roles of striatal 5-HT 1A auto- and hetero-receptors in the reduction of l -DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Exp Neurol 2017; 292:168-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Stefanko DP, Shah VD, Yamasaki WK, Petzinger GM, Jakowec MW. Treadmill exercise delays the onset of non-motor behaviors and striatal pathology in the CAG 140 knock-in mouse model of Huntington's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 105:15-32. [PMID: 28502806 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression, cognitive impairments, and other neuropsychiatric disturbances are common during the prodromal phase of Huntington's disease (HD) well before the onset of classical motor symptoms of this degenerative disorder. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential impact of physical activity in the form of exercise on a motorized treadmill on non-motor behavioral features including depression-like behavior and cognition in the CAG140 knock-in (KI) mouse model of HD. The CAG140 KI mouse model has a long lifespan compared to other HD rodent models with HD motor deficits emerging after 12months of age and thus provides the opportunity to investigate early life interventions such as exercise on disease progression. Motorized treadmill running was initiated at 4weeks of age (1h per session, 3 times per week) and continued for 6months. Non-motor behaviors were assessed up to 6months of age and included analysis of depression-like behavior (using the tail-suspension and forced-swim tests) and cognition (using the T-maze and object recognition tests). At both 4 and 6months of age, CAG140 KI mice displayed significant depression-like behavior in the forced swim and tail suspension tests and cognitive impairment by deficits in reversal relearning in the T-maze test. These deficits were not evident in mice engaged in treadmill running. In addition, exercise restored striatal dopamine D2 receptor expression and dopamine neurotransmitter levels both reduced in sedentary HD mice. Finally, we examined the pattern of striatal expression of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein and showed that the number and intensity of immunohistochemical staining patterns of intranuclear aggregates were significantly reduced with exercise. Altogether these findings begin to address the potential impact of lifestyle and early intervention such as exercise on modifying HD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Stefanko
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 91007, United States
| | - V D Shah
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 91007, United States
| | - W K Yamasaki
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 91007, United States
| | - G M Petzinger
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 91007, United States; Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 91007, United States
| | - M W Jakowec
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 91007, United States; Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 91007, United States.
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13
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Friend DM, Devarakonda K, O'Neal TJ, Skirzewski M, Papazoglou I, Kaplan AR, Liow JS, Guo J, Rane SG, Rubinstein M, Alvarez VA, Hall KD, Kravitz AV. Basal Ganglia Dysfunction Contributes to Physical Inactivity in Obesity. Cell Metab 2017; 25:312-321. [PMID: 28041956 PMCID: PMC5299005 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with physical inactivity, which exacerbates the health consequences of weight gain. However, the mechanisms that mediate this association are unknown. We hypothesized that deficits in dopamine signaling contribute to physical inactivity in obesity. To investigate this, we quantified multiple aspects of dopamine signaling in lean and obese mice. We found that D2-type receptor (D2R) binding in the striatum, but not D1-type receptor binding or dopamine levels, was reduced in obese mice. Genetically removing D2Rs from striatal medium spiny neurons was sufficient to reduce motor activity in lean mice, whereas restoring Gi signaling in these neurons increased activity in obese mice. Surprisingly, although mice with low D2Rs were less active, they were not more vulnerable to diet-induced weight gain than control mice. We conclude that deficits in striatal D2R signaling contribute to physical inactivity in obesity, but inactivity is more a consequence than a cause of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Friend
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Kavya Devarakonda
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Timothy J O'Neal
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Miguel Skirzewski
- Section of Molecular Neurobiology, Eunice Shriver Kennedy National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Ioannis Papazoglou
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Alanna R Kaplan
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeih-San Liow
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Juen Guo
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Sushil G Rane
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Marcelo Rubinstein
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, CONICET, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Physiology, Molecular and Cellular Biology, FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Veronica A Alvarez
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Kevin D Hall
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexxai V Kravitz
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA; National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA.
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14
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Lindenbach D, Conti MM, Ostock CY, George JA, Goldenberg AA, Melikhov-Sosin M, Nuss EE, Bishop C. The Role of Primary Motor Cortex (M1) Glutamate and GABA Signaling in l-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinsonian Rats. J Neurosci 2016; 36:9873-87. [PMID: 27656025 PMCID: PMC5030350 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1318-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Long-term treatment of Parkinson's disease with l-DOPA almost always leads to the development of involuntary movements termed l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Whereas hyperdopaminergic signaling in the basal ganglia is thought to cause dyskinesia, alterations in primary motor cortex (M1) activity are also prominent during dyskinesia, suggesting that the cortex may represent a therapeutic target. The present study used the rat unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion model of Parkinson's disease to characterize in vivo changes in GABA and glutamate neurotransmission within M1 and determine their contribution to behavioral output. 6-Hydroxydopamine lesion led to parkinsonian motor impairment that was partially reversed by l-DOPA. Among sham-lesioned rats, l-DOPA did not change glutamate or GABA efflux. Likewise, 6-hydroxydopamine lesion did not impact GABA or glutamate among rats chronically treated with saline. However, we observed an interaction of lesion and treatment whereby, among lesioned rats, l-DOPA given acutely (1 d) or chronically (14-16 d) reduced glutamate efflux and enhanced GABA efflux. Site-specific microinjections into M1 demonstrated that l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia was reduced by M1 infusion of a D1 antagonist, an AMPA antagonist, or a GABAA agonist. Overall, the present study demonstrates that l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia is associated with increased M1 inhibition and that exogenously enhancing M1 inhibition may attenuate dyskinesia, findings that are in agreement with functional imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation studies in human Parkinson's disease patients. Together, our study suggests that increasing M1 inhibitory tone is an endogenous compensatory response designed to limit dyskinesia severity and that potentiating this response is a viable therapeutic strategy. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Most Parkinson's disease patients will receive l-DOPA and eventually develop hyperkinetic involuntary movements termed dyskinesia. Such symptoms can be as debilitating as the disease itself. Although dyskinesia is associated with dynamic changes in primary motor cortex physiology, to date, there are no published studies investigating in vivo neurotransmitter release in M1 during dyskinesia. In parkinsonian rats, l-DOPA administration reduced M1 glutamate efflux and enhanced GABA efflux, coincident with the emergence of dyskinetic behaviors. Dyskinesia could be reduced by local M1 modulation of D1, AMPA, and GABAA receptors, providing preclinical support for the notion that exogenously blunting M1 signaling (pharmacologically or with cortical stimulation) is a therapeutic approach to the treatment of debilitating dyskinesias.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lindenbach
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13901
| | - Melissa M Conti
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13901
| | - Corinne Y Ostock
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13901
| | - Jessica A George
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13901
| | - Adam A Goldenberg
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13901
| | - Mitchell Melikhov-Sosin
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13901
| | - Emily E Nuss
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13901
| | - Christopher Bishop
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13901
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15
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Conti MM, Meadows SM, Melikhov-Sosin M, Lindenbach D, Hallmark J, Werner DF, Bishop C. Monoamine transporter contributions to l-DOPA effects in hemi-parkinsonian rats. Neuropharmacology 2016; 110:125-134. [PMID: 27452719 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
l-DOPA is the standard treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), but chronic treatment typically leads to abnormal involuntary movement or dyskinesia (LID) development. Although poorly understood, dyskinetic mechanisms involve a complex interaction between the remaining dopamine system and the semi-homologous serotonin and norepinephrine systems. Serotonin and norepinephrine transporters (SERT and NET, respectively) have affinity for dopamine uptake especially when dopamine transporters (DAT) are scant. Monoamine reuptake inhibitors have been reported to modulate l-DOPA's anti-parkinsonian effects, but DAT, SERT, and NET's contribution to dyskinesia has not been well delineated. The current investigation sought to uncover the differential expression and function of DAT, SERT, and NET in the l-DOPA-treated hemi-parkinsonian rat. Protein analysis of striatal monoamine transporters in unilateral sham or 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats treated with l-DOPA (0 or 6 mg/kg) showed lesion-induced DAT loss and l-DOPA-induced gain in SERT:DAT and NET:DAT ratios in lesioned rats which positively correlated with dyskinesia expression, suggesting functional shifts among monoamine transporters in the dyskinetic state. SERT blockade with citalopram (3, 5 mg/kg) reduced LID while DAT and NET blockade with GBR-12909 (5, 10 mg/kg) and nisoxetine (5, 10 mg/kg), respectively, mildly exacerbated dyskinesia expression. Transporter inhibition did not significantly alter l-DOPA's ability to reverse motor deficit. Overall, DA and DAT loss with l-DOPA treatment appear to precipitate gain in SERT and NET function. Strong correlations with LID and direct behavioral comparisons of selective transporter blockade reveal novel implications for SERT, DAT, and NET as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the hemi-parkinsonian model and dyskinetic PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Conti
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - Samantha M Meadows
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - Mitchell Melikhov-Sosin
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - David Lindenbach
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - Joy Hallmark
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - David F Werner
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - Christopher Bishop
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
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16
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Conti MM, Goldenberg AA, Kuberka A, Mohamed M, Eissa S, Lindenbach D, Bishop C. Effect of tricyclic antidepressants on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and motor improvement in hemi-parkinsonian rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 142:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Lindenbach D, Conti MM, Ostock CY, Dupre KB, Bishop C. Alterations in primary motor cortex neurotransmission and gene expression in hemi-parkinsonian rats with drug-induced dyskinesia. Neuroscience 2015; 310:12-26. [PMID: 26363150 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) with dopamine replacement relieves symptoms of poverty of movement, but often causes drug-induced dyskinesias. Accumulating clinical and pre-clinical evidence suggests that the primary motor cortex (M1) is involved in the pathophysiology of PD and that modulating cortical activity may be a therapeutic target in PD and dyskinesia. However, surprisingly little is known about how M1 neurotransmitter tone or gene expression is altered in PD, dyskinesia or associated animal models. The present study utilized the rat unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model of PD/dyskinesia to characterize structural and functional changes taking place in M1 monoamine innervation and gene expression. 6-OHDA caused dopamine pathology in M1, although the lesion was less severe than in the striatum. Rats with 6-OHDA lesions showed a PD motor impairment and developed dyskinesia when given L-DOPA or the D1 receptor agonist, SKF81297. M1 expression of two immediate-early genes (c-Fos and ARC) was strongly enhanced by either L-DOPA or SKF81297. At the same time, expression of genes specifically involved in glutamate and GABA signaling were either modestly affected or unchanged by lesion and/or treatment. We conclude that M1 neurotransmission and signal transduction in the rat 6-OHDA model of PD/dyskinesia mirror features of human PD, supporting the utility of the model to study M1 dysfunction in PD and the elucidation of novel pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lindenbach
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University - State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - M M Conti
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University - State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - C Y Ostock
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University - State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - K B Dupre
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University - State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - C Bishop
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University - State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA.
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18
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Bhide N, Lindenbach D, Barnum CJ, George JA, Surrena MA, Bishop C. Effects of the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist Propranolol on dyskinesia and L-DOPA-induced striatal DA efflux in the hemi-parkinsonian rat. J Neurochem 2015; 134:222-32. [PMID: 25866285 PMCID: PMC4490965 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) replacement therapy with L-DOPA continues to be the primary treatment of Parkinson's disease; however, long-term therapy is accompanied by L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LID). Several experimental and clinical studies have established that Propranolol, a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist, reduces LID without affecting L-DOPA's efficacy. However, the exact mechanisms underlying these effects remain to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-dyskinetic profile of Propranolol against a panel of DA replacement strategies, as well as elucidate the underlying neurochemical mechanisms. Results indicated that Propranolol, in a dose-dependent manner, reduced LID, without affecting motor performance. Propranolol failed to alter dyskinesia produced by the D1 receptor agonist, SKF81297 (0.08 mg/kg, sc), or the D2 receptor agonist, Quinpirole (0.05 mg/kg, sc). These findings suggested a pre-synaptic mechanism for Propranolol's anti-dyskinetic effects, possibly through modulating L-DOPA-mediated DA efflux. To evaluate this possibility, microdialysis studies were carried out in the DA-lesioned striatum of dyskinetic rats and results indicated that co-administration of Propranolol (20 mg/kg, ip) was able to attenuate L-DOPA- (6 mg/kg, sc) induced DA efflux. Therefore, Propranolol's anti-dyskinetic properties appear to be mediated via attenuation of L-DOPA-induced extraphysiological efflux of DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Bhide
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
- Currently at Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN 46285
| | - David Lindenbach
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - Christopher J. Barnum
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - Jessica A. George
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - Margaret A. Surrena
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - Christopher Bishop
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
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Function and developmental origin of a mesocortical inhibitory circuit. Nat Neurosci 2015; 18:872-82. [DOI: 10.1038/nn.4020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ostock CY, Hallmark J, Palumbo N, Bhide N, Conti M, George JA, Bishop C. Modulation of L-DOPA's antiparkinsonian and dyskinetic effects by α2-noradrenergic receptors within the locus coeruleus. Neuropharmacology 2015; 95:215-25. [PMID: 25817388 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Long-term l-DOPA use for Parkinson's disease (PD) is frequently complicated by the emergence of a debilitating motor side effect known as l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Accumulating evidence has implicated the norepinephrine (NE) system in the pathogenesis of LID. Here we used the unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of PD to determine the role of the α2-adrenoceptors (α2R) in l-DOPA's therapeutic and detrimental motor-inducing effects. First, we characterized the effects of systemic α2R stimulation with clonidine, or blockade with atipamezole, on LID using the rodent abnormal involuntary movements scale, and l-DOPA's therapeutic effects using the forepaw adjusting steps test and locomotor activity chambers. The anatomical locus of action of α2R in LID was investigated by directly infusing clonidine or atipamezole into the locus coeruleus prior to systemic l-DOPA administration. Results showed systemic clonidine treatment reduced LID and locomotor activity but did not interfere with l-DOPA's antiparkinsonian benefits. Conversely, systemic atipamezole pretreatment prolonged LID and locomotor activity but did not modulate l-DOPA's antiparkinsonian benefits. Intra-LC infusions of clonidine and atipamezole mirrored systemic effects where clonidine reduced, and atipamezole increased, LID. Collectively, these results demonstrate that α2R play an important modulatory role in l-DOPA-mediated behaviors and should be further investigated as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Y Ostock
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Joy Hallmark
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Noel Palumbo
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Nirmal Bhide
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Conti
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Jessica A George
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Bishop
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA.
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Activation of 5-HT₁A receptors in the medial subdivision of the central nucleus of the amygdala produces anxiolytic effects in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology 2015; 95:181-91. [PMID: 25797491 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the medial subdivision of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeM) and serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptors are involved in the regulation of anxiety, their roles in Parkinson's disease (PD)-associated anxiety are still unknown. Here we assessed the importance of CeM 5-HT1A receptors for anxiety in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). The lesion induced anxiety-like behaviors, increased the firing rate and burst-firing pattern of CeM γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons, as well as decreased dopamine (DA) levels in the striatum, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), amygdala and ventral part of hippocampus (vHip). Intra-CeM injection of the selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT produced anxiolytic effects in the lesioned rats, and decreased the firing rate of CeM GABAergic neurons in two groups of rats. Compared to sham-operated rats, the duration of the inhibitory effect on the firing rate of GABAergic neurons was shortened in the lesioned rats. The injection increased DA levels in the mPFC and amygdala in two groups of rats and the vHip in the lesioned rats, and increased 5-HT level in the lesioned rats, whereas it decreased NA levels in the mPFC in two groups of rats and the vHip in the lesioned rats. Moreover, the mean density of 5-HT1A receptor and GABA double-labeled neurons in the CeM was reduced after the lesioning. These results suggest that activation of CeM 5-HT1A receptor produces anxiolytic effects in the 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, which involves decreased firing rate of the GABAergic neurons, and changed monoamine levels in the limbic and limbic-related brain regions.
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Lindenbach D, Palumbo N, Ostock CY, Vilceus N, Conti MM, Bishop C. Side effect profile of 5-HT treatments for Parkinson's disease and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:119-30. [PMID: 25175895 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) with L-DOPA eventually causes abnormal involuntary movements known as dyskinesias in most patients. Dyskinesia can be reduced using compounds that act as direct or indirect agonists of the 5-HT1 A receptor, but these drugs have been reported to worsen PD features and are known to produce '5-HT syndrome', symptoms of which include tremor, myoclonus, rigidity and hyper-reflexia. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Sprague-Dawley rats were given unilateral nigrostriatal dopamine lesions with 6-hydroxydopamine. Each of the following three purportedly anti-dyskinetic 5-HT compounds were administered 15 min before L-DOPA: the full 5-HT1 A agonist ±-8-hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin (±8-OH-DPAT), the partial 5-HT1 A agonist buspirone or the 5-HT transporter inhibitor citalopram. After these injections, animals were monitored for dyskinesia, 5-HT syndrome, motor activity and PD akinesia. KEY RESULTS Each 5-HT drug dose-dependently reduced dyskinesia by relatively equal amounts (±8-OH-DPAT ≥ citalopram ≥ buspirone), but 5-HT syndrome was higher with ±8-OH-DPAT, lower with buspirone and not present with citalopram. Importantly, with or without L-DOPA, all three compounds provided an additional improvement of PD akinesia. All drugs tempered the locomotor response to L-DOPA suggesting dyskinesia reduction, but vertical rearing was reduced with 5-HT drugs, potentially reflecting features of 5-HT syndrome. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The results suggest that compounds that indirectly facilitate 5-HT1 A receptor activation, such as citalopram, may be more effective therapeutics than direct 5-HT1 A receptor agonists because they exhibit similar anti-dyskinesia efficacy, while possessing a reduced side effect profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lindenbach
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University - State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
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Conti MM, Ostock CY, Lindenbach D, Goldenberg AA, Kampton E, Dell'isola R, Katzman AC, Bishop C. Effects of prolonged selective serotonin reuptake inhibition on the development and expression of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in hemi-parkinsonian rats. Neuropharmacology 2013; 77:1-8. [PMID: 24067924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) replacement therapy with l-DOPA is the standard treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). Unfortunately chronic treatment often leads to the development of abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) referred to as L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Accumulating evidence has shown that compensatory plasticity in serotonin (5-HT) neurons contributes to LID and recent work has indicated that acute 5-HT transporter (SERT) blockade provides anti-dyskinetic protection. However neither the persistence nor the mechanism(s) of these effects have been investigated. Therefore the current endeavor sought to mimic a prolonged regimen of SERT inhibition in L-DOPA-primed and -naïve hemi-parkinsonian rats. Rats received 3 weeks of daily co-treatment of the selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) citalopram (0, 3, or 5 mg/kg) or paroxetine (0, 0.5, or 1.25 mg/kg) with L-DOPA (6 mg/kg) during which AIMs and motor performance were monitored. In order to investigate potential mechanisms of action, tissue levels of striatal monoamines were monitored and the 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist WAY100635 (0.5 mg/kg) was used. Results revealed that prolonged SSRIs attenuated AIMs expression and development in L-DOPA-primed and -naïve subjects, respectively, without interfering with motor performance. Neurochemical analysis of striatal tissue indicated that a 3 week SERT blockade increased DA levels in L-DOPA-treated rats. Pharmacologically, anti-dyskinetic effects were partially reversed with WAY100635 signifying involvement of the 5-HT1A receptor. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that prolonged SERT inhibition provides enduring anti-dyskinetic effects in part via 5-HT(1A) receptors while maintaining L-DOPA's anti-parkinsonian efficacy by enhancing striatal DA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Conti
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
| | - Corinne Y Ostock
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
| | - David Lindenbach
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
| | - Adam A Goldenberg
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
| | - Elias Kampton
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
| | - Rich Dell'isola
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
| | - Aaron C Katzman
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
| | - Christopher Bishop
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
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Huang Y, Chen S, Xu H, Yu X, Lai H, Ho G, Huang Q, Shi X. Pre-gestational stress alters stress-response of pubertal offspring rat in sexually dimorphic and hemispherically asymmetric manner. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:67. [PMID: 23829597 PMCID: PMC3707759 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is increasing evidence that maternal stress may have long-term effects on brain development in the offspring. In this study, we examined whether pre-gestational stress might affect offspring rats on the medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC) dopaminergic activity in response to acute stress in puberty and if so, whether such effects exhibited hemispheric asymmetry or sexual dimorphism. Results We used behavioral tests to assess the model of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). We found that the activity in the open field test and sucrose intake test were lower for maternal rats in the CUS group than those in the control group. Offspring rats in the CUS group floated more and swam or climbed less as compared to the offsprings in the control group in the forced swimming test. The floating time was longer and swimming or climbing time was shorter in the female offspring rats than those in the males. Serum corticosterone and corticotrophin-releasing hormone levels were significantly higher for CUS maternal rats and their offsprings than the respective controls. The ratio of dihydroxy-phenyl acetic acid (DOPAC) to dopamine (DA), DA transporter (DAT), norepinephrine transporter (NET) were lower in the mPFC of offspring rats in the CUS group than the control group. Levels of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) in the left mPFC of female offspring rats and in the right mPFC of both female and male offspring rats were lower in the CUS group than those in the controls, but there was no difference in the left mPFC of male offspring between the CUS and control groups. DOPAC, the ratio of DOPAC to DA, NET and COMT were lower in the right mPFC than in the left mPFC of offspring rats in the CUS group. The ratio of DOPAC to DA in the right mPFC was lower in the female offspring rats than male offspring rats in the CUS group. The NET and COMT levels in both left and right mPFC were lower in the female offspring rats than those of the male offsprings in the CUS group. Conclusion Our data provide evidence that the effect of pre-gestational stress on the mPFC dopaminergic activity in response to acute stress exhibited hemispheric asymmetry and sexual dimorphism in the pubertal offspring rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejun Huang
- Transforming Medical Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, North Dongxia Rd, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
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Blandino P, Hueston CM, Barnum CJ, Bishop C, Deak T. The impact of ventral noradrenergic bundle lesions on increased IL-1 in the PVN and hormonal responses to stress in male sprague dawley rats. Endocrinology 2013; 154:2489-500. [PMID: 23671261 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The impact of acute stress on inflammatory signaling within the central nervous system is of interest because these factors influence neuroendocrine function both directly and indirectly. Exposure to certain stressors increases expression of the proinflammatory cytokine, Il-1β in the hypothalamus. Increased IL-1 is reciprocally regulated by norepinephrine (stimulatory) and corticosterone (inhibitory), yet neural pathways underlying increased IL-1 have not been clarified. These experiments explored the impact of bilateral lesions of the ventral noradrenergic bundle (VNAB) on IL-1 expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) after foot shock. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats received bilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the VNAB (VNABx) and were exposed to intermittent foot shock. VNABx depleted approximately 64% of norepinephrine in the PVN and attenuated the IL-1 response produced by foot shock. However, characterization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response, a crucial prerequisite for interpreting the effect of VNABx on IL-1 expression, revealed a profound dissociation between ACTH and corticosterone. Specifically, VNABx blocked the intronic CRH response in the PVN and the increase in plasma ACTH, whereas corticosterone was unaffected at all time points examined. Additionally, foot shock led to a rapid and profound increase in cyclooxygenase-2 and IL-1 expression within the adrenal glands, whereas more subtle effects were observed in the pituitary gland. Together the findings were the 1) demonstration that exposure to acute stress increased expression of inflammatory factors more broadly throughout the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; 2) implication of a modest role for norepinephrine-containing fibers of the VNAB as an upstream regulator of PVN IL-1; and 3) suggestion of an ACTH-independent mechanism controlling the release of corticosterone in VNABx rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Blandino
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
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26
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Bhide N, Lindenbach D, Surrena MA, Goldenberg AA, Bishop C, Berger SP, Paquette MA. The effects of BMY-14802 against L-DOPA- and dopamine agonist-induced dyskinesia in the hemiparkinsonian rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 227:533-44. [PMID: 23389756 PMCID: PMC3657017 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE L-DOPA continues to be the primary treatment for patients with Parkinson's disease; however, the benefits of long-term treatment are often accompanied by debilitating side effects known as dyskinesias. In recent years, several 5-HT1A receptor agonists have been found to reduce dyskinesia in clinical and experimental models of PD. The purported sigma-1 antagonist, BMY-14802 has been previously demonstrated to reduce L-DOPA induced dyskinesia in a 5-HT1A receptor dependent manner. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we extend these findings by examining the anti-dyskinetic potential of BMY-14802 against L-DOPA, the D1 receptor agonist SKF81297 and the D2 receptor agonist, quinpirole, in the hemi-parkinsonian rat model. In addition, the receptor specificity of BMY-14802's effects was evaluated using WAY-100635, a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist. RESULTS Results confirmed the dose-dependent (20 > 10 > 5 mg/kg) anti-dyskinetic effects of BMY-14802 against L-DOPA with preservation of anti-parkinsonian efficacy at 10 mg/kg. BMY-14802 at 10 and 20 mg/kg also reduced dyskinesia induced by both D1 and D2 receptor agonists. Additionally, BMY-14802's anti-dyskinetic effects against L-DOPA, but not SKF81297 or quinpirole, were reversed by WAY-100635 (0.5 mg/kg). CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings demonstrate that BMY-14802 provides anti-dyskinetic relief against L-DOPA and direct DA agonist in a preclinical model of PD, acting via multiple receptor systems and supports the utility of such compounds for the improved treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Bhide
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - David Lindenbach
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - Margaret A. Surrena
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - Adam A. Goldenberg
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - Christopher Bishop
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - S. Paul Berger
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239
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Evidence of oxidative stress in young and aged DJ-1-deficient mice. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1562-70. [PMID: 23587484 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Loss of DJ-1 function contributes to pathogenesis in Parkinson's disease. Here, we investigate the impact of aging and DJ-1 deficiency in transgenic mice. Ventral midbrain from young DJ-1-deficient mice revealed no change in 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), but HSP60, HSP40 and striatal dopamine turnover were significantly elevated compared to wildtype. In aged mice, the chaperone response observed in wildtype animals was absent from DJ-1-deficient transgenics, and nigral 4-HNE immunoreactivity was enhanced. These changes were concomitant with increased striatal dopamine levels and uptake. Thus, increased oxidants and diminished protein quality control may contribute to nigral oxidative damage with aging in the model.
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Chou VP, Holman TR, Manning-Bog AB. Differential contribution of lipoxygenase isozymes to nigrostriatal vulnerability. Neuroscience 2012; 228:73-82. [PMID: 23079635 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The 5- and 12/15-lipoxygenase (LOX) isozymes have been implicated to contribute to disease development in CNS disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. These LOX isozymes are distinct in function, with differential effects on neuroinflammation, and the impact of the distinct isozymes in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease has not as yet been evaluated. To determine whether the isozymes contribute differently to nigrostriatal vulnerability, the effects of 5- and 12/15-LOX deficiency on dopaminergic tone under naïve and toxicant-challenged conditions were tested. In naïve mice deficient in 5-LOX expression, a modest but significant reduction (18.0% reduction vs. wildtype (WT)) in striatal dopamine (DA) was detected (n=6-8 per genotype). A concomitant decline in striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) enzyme was also revealed in null 5-LOX vs. WT mice (26.2%); however, no changes in levels of DA or TH immunoreactivity were observed in null 12/15-LOX vs. WT mice. When challenged with the selective dopaminergic toxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), WT mice showed a marked reduction in DA (31.9%) and robust astrocytic and microglial activation as compared to saline-treated animals. In contrast, null 5-LOX littermates demonstrated no significant striatal DA depletion or astrogliosis (as noted by Western blot analyses for glial acidic fibrillary protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity). In naïve null 12/15-LOX mice, no significant change in striatal DA values was observed compared to WT, and following MPTP treatment, the transgenics revealed striatal DA reduction similar to the challenged WT mice. Taken together, these data provide the first evidence that: (i) LOX isozymes are involved in the maintenance of normal dopaminergic function in the striatum and (ii) the 5- and 12/15-LOX isozymes contribute differentially to striatal vulnerability in response to neurotoxicant challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Chou
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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Neurodegenerative Shielding by Curcumin and Its Derivatives on Brain Lesions Induced by 6-OHDA Model of Parkinson's Disease in Albino Wistar Rats. Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol 2012; 2012:942981. [PMID: 22928089 PMCID: PMC3426182 DOI: 10.1155/2012/942981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Study was undertaken to evaluate the neurodegenerative defending potential of curcumin (CUR), demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) on 6-hydroxydopamine-(6-OHDA) induced Parkinsonism model in rats. Curcuminoids were administered (60 mg/kg, body weight, per oral) for three weeks followed by unilateral injection of 6-OHDA on 22nd day (10 μg/2 μL) into the right striatum leading to extensive loss of dopaminergic cells. The behavioral observations, biochemical markers, quantification of dopamine (DA), DOPAC, and HVA followed by dopamine (D2) receptor binding assay and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, using immunohistochemistry) were evaluated using HPLC after three weeks of lesion. Pretreated animals showed significant protection against neuronal degeneration compared to lesion animals by normalizing the deranged levels of biomarkers and showed the potency in the order CUR > DMC > BDMC. The same order of effectiveness was observed in D2 receptors binding assay and TH immunohistochemistry study. We conclude that curcuminoids appear to shield progressive neuronal degeneration from increased oxidative attack in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats through its free radical scavenging mechanism, and DA, DOPAC, and HVA enhancing capabilities in the sequence of efficacy CUR > DMC > BDMC. Further, curcuminoids may have potential utility in treatment of many more oxidative stress-induced neurodegenerative disorders.
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COMMUNICATION. Br J Pharmacol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1987.tb16603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Bishop C, George JA, Buchta W, Goldenberg AA, Mohamed M, Dickinson SO, Eissa S, Eskow Jaunarajs KL. Serotonin transporter inhibition attenuates l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia without compromising l-DOPA efficacy in hemi-parkinsonian rats. Eur J Neurosci 2012; 36:2839-48. [PMID: 22762478 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08202.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Long-term dopamine replacement therapy with l-DOPA in Parkinson's disease often leads to the development of abnormal involuntary movements known as l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Growing evidence suggests that, following dopamine cell loss, serotonin neurons acting as surrogates for dopaminergic processes take up l-DOPA, convert it to dopamine and release it in an unregulated fashion that precipitates dyskinesia. Although most studies have focused on serotonin 5-HT(1) receptor stimulation as an antidyskinetic strategy, targeting the serotonin transporter modulation of dopamine activity has been overlooked. Therefore, in the current study, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were tested for their ability to reduce l-DOPA- and apomorphine-induced dyskinesia. In Experiments 1 and 2, hemi-parkinsonian rats were primed with l-DOPA until stable dyskinesia developed. Rats in Experiment 1 were administered the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors paroxetine, citalopram or fluoxetine, followed by l-DOPA. Abnormal involuntary movements and forepaw adjusting steps were recorded to determine the effects of these compounds on dyskinesia and motor performance, respectively. Brains were collected on the final test day, after which striatal and raphe monoamines were examined via high-performance liquid chromatography. In Experiment 2, dyskinesias were measured after selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and apomorphine. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors dose-dependently attenuated l-DOPA- but not apomorphine-induced dyskinesia, and preserved l-DOPA efficacy. Neurochemically, serotonin transporter inhibition enhanced striatal and raphe serotonin levels and reduced its turnover, indicating a potential mechanism of action. The present results support targeting serotonin transporters to improve Parkinson's disease treatment and provide further evidence for the role of the serotonin system in l-DOPA's effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Bishop
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
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Eskow Jaunarajs KL, George JA, Bishop C. L-DOPA-induced dysregulation of extrastriatal dopamine and serotonin and affective symptoms in a bilateral rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience 2012; 218:243-56. [PMID: 22659568 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Convergent evidence indicates that raphestriatal serotonin (5-HT) neurons can convert and release dopamine (DA) derived from exogenous administration of the pharmacotherapeutic L-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (L-DOPA) as a treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). While aspects of such neuroplasticity may be beneficial, chronic L-DOPA may also modify native 5-HT function, precipitating the appearance prevalent non-motor PD symptoms such as anxiety and depression. To examine this, male Sprague-Dawley rats were rendered parkinsonian with bilateral medial forebrain bundle 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) infusions and treated for at least 28 days with vehicle or L-DOPA. In the first experiment, striatal, hippocampal, amygdalar, and prefrontal cortex DA and 5-HT levels were examined at various post-treatment time-points. In experiment 2, L-DOPA's effects on DA and 5-HT cell bodies in the substantia nigra pars compacta and dorsal raphe, respectively, were examined. Finally, the effects of L-DOPA on affective behaviors were assessed in locomotor chambers, social interaction, forced swim, and elevated plus maze behavioral tests. Bilateral 6-OHDA lesion induced approximately 80% DA and 30% 5-HT depletion in the striatum compared to sham-lesioned controls, while monoamine levels remained largely unchanged in extrastriatal regions. Tissue levels of DA were increased at the expense of 5-HT levels in parkinsonian rats subjected to chronic L-DOPA injections in all regions sampled, though DA or 5-HT cell bodies were unaffected. Behaviorally, rats could only be tested 24h after their last L-DOPA injection due to severe dyskinesia. Despite this, prior exposure to chronic L-DOPA treatment exerted a pronounced anxiogenic phenotype. Collectively, these results suggest that chronic L-DOPA treatment may interfere with the balance of DA and 5-HT function in affect-related brain regions and could induce and/or exacerbate non-motor symptoms in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Eskow Jaunarajs
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
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Huang Y, Xu H, Li H, Yang H, Chen Y, Shi X. Pre-gestational stress reduces the ratio of 5-HIAA to 5-HT and the expression of 5-HT1A receptor and serotonin transporter in the brain of foetal rat. BMC Neurosci 2012; 13:22. [PMID: 22373128 PMCID: PMC3311061 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-13-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have found that stress before or during pregnancy is linked to an increased incidence of behavioural disorders in offspring. However, few studies have investigated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity and the serotonergic system as a consequence of pregestational stress. In the present study, we investigated the effect of pre-gestational stress on HPA axis activity in maternal rats and their foetuses and examined whether changes in HPA axis activity of maternal rats produced functional changes in the serotonergic system in the brain of foetuses. Results We used the behavioural tests to assess the model of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) in maternal rats. We found the activity in the open field and sucrose consumption was lower for rats with CUS than for the controls. Body weight but not brain weight was higher for control foetuses than those from the CUS group. Serum corticosterone and corticotrophin-releasing hormone levels were significantly higher for mothers with CUS before pregnancy and their foetuses than for the controls. Levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were higher in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of foetuses in the CUS group than in the controls, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels were lower in the hippocampus in foetuses in the CUS group than in the control group. Levels of 5-HIAA in the hypothalamus did not differ between foetuses in the CUS group and in the control group. The ratio of 5-HIAA to 5-HT was significantly lower for foetuses in the CUS group than in the control group. Levels of 5-HT1A receptor were significantly lower in the foetal hippocampus in the CUS group than in the control group, with no significant difference in the hypothalamus. The levels of serotonin transporter (SERT) were lower in both the foetal hippocampus and foetal hypothalamus in the CUS group than in the control group. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that pre-gestational stress alters HPA axis activity in maternal rats and their foetuses, which is associated with functional changes in 5-HT activity (5-HT, 5-HIAA and ratio of 5-HIAA to 5-HT), as well as the levels of the 5-HT1A receptor and SERT in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of foetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejun Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, North Dongxia Rd, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
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Barnum CJ, Bhide N, Lindenbach D, Surrena MA, Goldenberg AA, Tignor S, Klioueva A, Walters H, Bishop C. Effects of noradrenergic denervation on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and its treatment by α- and β-adrenergic receptor antagonists in hemiparkinsonian rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 100:607-15. [PMID: 21978941 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
While L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) remains the standard treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), long-term efficacy is often compromised by L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Recent research suggests that targeting the noradrenergic (NE) system may provide relief from both PD and LID, however, most PD patients exhibit NE loss which may modify response to such strategies. Therefore this investigation aimed to characterize the development and expression of LID and the anti-dyskinetic potential of the α2- and β-adrenergic receptor antagonists idazoxan and propranolol, respectively, in rats receiving 6-OHDA lesions with (DA lesion) or without desipramaine protection (DA+NE lesion). Male Sprague-Dawley rats (N=110) received unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. Fifty-three rats received desipramine to protect NE neurons (DA lesion) and 57 received no desipramine reducing striatal and hippocampal NE content 64% and 86% respectively. In experiment 1, the development and expression of L-DOPA-induced abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) and rotations were examined. L-DOPA efficacy using the forepaw adjusting steps (FAS) test was also assessed in DA- and DA+NE-lesioned rats. In experiment 2, DA- and DA+NE-lesioned rats received pre-treatments of idazoxan or propranolol followed by L-DOPA after which the effects of these adrenergic compounds were observed. Results demonstrated that moderate NE loss reduced the development and expression of AIMs and rotations but not L-DOPA efficacy while anti-dyskinetic efficacy of α2- and β-adrenergic receptor blockade was maintained. These findings suggest that the NE system modulates LID and support the continued investigation of adrenergic compounds for the improved treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Barnum
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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Isotopic reinforcement of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids diminishes nigrostriatal degeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Toxicol Lett 2011; 207:97-103. [PMID: 21906664 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 07/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage of membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is thought to play a major role in mitochondrial dysfunction related to Parkinson's disease (PD). The toxic products formed by PUFA oxidation inflict further damage on cellular components and contribute to neuronal degeneration. Here, we tested the hypothesis that isotopic reinforcement, by deuteration of the bisallylic sites most susceptible to oxidation in PUFA may provide at least partial protection against nigrostriatal injury in a mouse model of oxidative stress and cell death, the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model. Mice were fed a fat-free diet supplemented with saturated acids, oleic acid and essential PUFA: either normal, hydrogenated linoleic (LA, 18:2n-6) and α-linolenic (ALA, 18:3n-3) or deuterated 11,11-D2-LA and 11,11,14,14-D4-ALA in a ratio of 1:1 (to a total of 10% mass fat) for 6 days; each group was divided into two cohorts receiving either MPTP or saline and then continued on respective diets for 6 days. Brain homogenates from mice receiving deuterated PUFA (D-PUFA) vs. hydrogenated PUFA (H-PUFA) demonstrated a significant incorporation of deuterium as measured by isotope ratio mass-spectrometry. Following MPTP exposure, mice fed H-PUFA revealed 78.7% striatal dopamine (DA) depletion compared to a 46.8% reduction in the D-PUFA cohort (as compared to their respective saline-treated controls), indicating a significant improvement in DA concentration with D-PUFA. Similarly, higher levels of the DA metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were detected in MPTP-exposure mice administered D-PUFA; however, saline-treated mice revealed no change in DA or DOPAC levels. Western blot analyses of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) confirmed neuroprotection with D-PUFA, as striatal homogenates showed higher levels of TH immunoreactivity in D-PUFA (88.5% control) vs. H-PUFA (50.4% control) in the MPTP-treated cohorts. In the substantia nigra, a significant improvement was noted in the number of nigral dopaminergic neurons following MPTP exposure in the D-PUFA (79.5% control) vs. H-PUFA (58.8% control) mice using unbiased stereological cell counting. Taken together, these findings indicate that dietary isotopic reinforcement with D-PUFA partially protects against nigrostriatal damage from oxidative injury elicited by MPTP in mice.
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Lindenbach D, Ostock CY, Eskow Jaunarajs KL, Dupre KB, Barnum CJ, Bhide N, Bishop C. Behavioral and cellular modulation of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia by beta-adrenoceptor blockade in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 337:755-65. [PMID: 21402691 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.179416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic dopamine replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) leads to deleterious motor sequelae known as L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). No known therapeutic can eliminate LID, but preliminary evidence suggests that dl-1-isopropylamino-3-(1-naphthyloxy)-2-propanol [(±)propranolol], a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) antagonist, may reduce LID. The present study used the rat unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine model of PD to characterize and localize the efficacy of (±)propranolol as an adjunct to therapy with L-DOPA. We first determined whether (±)propranolol was capable of reducing the development and expression of LID without impairing motor performance ON and OFF L-DOPA. Coincident to this investigation, we used reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction techniques to analyze the effects of chronic (±)propranolol on markers of striatal activity known to be involved in LID. To determine whether (±)propranolol reduces LID through βAR blockade, we subsequently examined each enantiomer separately because only the (-)enantiomer has significant βAR affinity. We next investigated the effects of a localized striatal βAR blockade on LID by cannulating the region and microinfusing (±)propranolol before systemic L-DOPA injections. Results showed that a dose range of (±)propranolol reduced LID without deleteriously affecting motor activity. Pharmacologically, only (-)propranolol had anti-LID properties indicating βAR-specific effects. Aberrant striatal signaling associated with LID was normalized with (±)propranolol cotreatment, and intrastriatal (±)propranolol was acutely able to reduce LID. This research confirms previous work suggesting that (±)propranolol reduces LID through βAR antagonism and presents novel evidence indicating a potential striatal locus of pharmacological action.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lindenbach
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
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Dupre KB, Ostock CY, Eskow Jaunarajs KL, Button T, Savage LM, Wolf W, Bishop C. Local modulation of striatal glutamate efflux by serotonin 1A receptor stimulation in dyskinetic, hemiparkinsonian rats. Exp Neurol 2011; 229:288-99. [PMID: 21352823 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT(1A)R) agonists reduce both L-DOPA- and D1 receptor (D1R) agonist-mediated dyskinesia, but their anti-dyskinetic mechanism of action is not fully understood. Given that 5-HT(1A)R stimulation reduces glutamatergic neurotransmission in the dopamine-depleted striatum, 5-HT(1A)R agonists may diminish dyskinesia in part through modulation of pro-dyskinetic striatal glutamate levels. To test this, rats with unilateral medial forebrain bundle dopamine or sham lesions were primed with L-DOPA (12 mg/kg+benserazide, 15 mg/kg, sc) or the D1R agonist SKF81297 (0.8 mg/kg, sc) until abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) stabilized. On subsequent test days, rats were treated with vehicle or the 5-HT(1A)R agonist ±8-OH-DPAT (1.0 mg/kg, sc), followed by L-DOPA or SKF81297, or intrastriatal ±8-OH-DPAT (7.5 or 15 mM), followed by L-DOPA. In some cases, the 5-HT(1A)R antagonist WAY100635 was employed to determine receptor-specific effects. In vivo microdialysis was used to collect striatal samples for analysis of extracellular glutamate levels during AIMs assessment. Systemic and striatal ±8-OH-DPAT attenuated L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and striatal glutamate efflux while WAY100635 reversed ±8-OH-DPAT's effects. Interestingly, systemic ±8-OH-DPAT diminished D1R-mediated AIMs without affecting glutamate. These findings indicate a novel anti-dyskinetic mechanism of action for 5-HT(1A)R agonists with implications for the improved treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin B Dupre
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University (State University of New York at Binghamton), Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
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Behavioral and neurochemical effects of chronic L-DOPA treatment on nonmotor sequelae in the hemiparkinsonian rat. Behav Pharmacol 2010; 21:627-37. [PMID: 20838211 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0b013e32833e7e80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are the prevalent nonmotor symptoms that worsen quality of life for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Although dopamine (DA) cell loss is a commonly proposed mechanism, the reported efficacy of DA replacement therapy with L-DOPA on affective symptoms is inconsistent. To delineate the effects of DA denervation and chronic L-DOPA treatment on affective behaviors, male Sprague-Dawley rats received unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine or sham lesions and were treated daily with L-DOPA (12 mg/kg+benserazide, 15 mg/kg, subcutaneously) or vehicle (0.9% NaCl, 0.1% ascorbic acid) for 28 days before commencing investigations into anxiety (locomotor chambers, social interaction) and depression-like behaviors (forced swim test) during the OFF phase of L-DOPA. One hour after the final treatments, rats were killed and striatum, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala were analyzed through high-performance liquid chromatography for monoamine levels. In locomotor chambers and social interaction, DA lesions exerted mild anxiogenic effects. Surprisingly, chronic L-DOPA treatment did not improve these effects. Although DA lesion reduced climbing behaviors on day 2 of exposure to the forced swim test, chronic L-DOPA treatment did not reverse these effects. Neurochemically, L-DOPA treatment in hemiparkinsonian rats reduced norepinephrine levels in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. Collectively, these data suggest that chronic L-DOPA therapy in severely DA-lesioned rats does not improve nonmotor symptoms and may impair nondopaminergic processes, indicating that long-term L-DOPA therapy does not exert necessary neuroplastic changes for improving affect.
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Gorton LM, Vuckovic MG, Vertelkina N, Petzinger GM, Jakowec MW, Wood RI. Exercise effects on motor and affective behavior and catecholamine neurochemistry in the MPTP-lesioned mouse. Behav Brain Res 2010; 213:253-62. [PMID: 20472000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study used 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6,-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in mice to determine if exercise improves behavior and dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5HT) content. Male C57BL/6 mice received MPTP (4 x 20mg/kg) or saline. They remained sedentary or exercised by treadmill or voluntary running wheel for 6 weeks (n=8/group). Saline-treated mice ran significantly faster on running wheels (22.8+/-1.0m/min) than on treadmill (8.5+/-0.5m/min), and MPTP lesion did not reduce voluntary exercise (19.3+/-1.5m/min, p>0.05). There was a significant effect of both lesion and exercise on overall Rotarod performance (ORP): MPTP lesion reduced ORP, while treadmill exercise increased ORP vs sedentary mice (p<0.05). MPTP increased anxiety in the marble-burying test: sedentary lesioned mice buried more marbles (74.0+/-5.2%) than sedentary controls (34.8+/-11.8%, p<0.05). Conversely, exercise reduced anxiety on the elevated plus maze. Among saline-treated mice, those exposed to voluntary wheel-running showed an increased percent of open arm entries (49.8+/-3.5%, p<0.05) relative to sedentary controls (36.2+/-4.0%, p<0.05). Neither MPTP nor exercise altered symptoms of depression measured by sucrose preference or tail suspension. MPTP significantly reduced DA in striatum (in sedentary lesioned mice to 42.1+/-3.0% of saline controls), and lowered 5HT in amygdala and striatum (in sedentary lesioned mice to 86.1+/-4.1% and 66.5+/-8.2% of saline controls, respectively); exercise had no effect. Thus, exercise improves behavior in a model of DA depletion, without changes in DA or 5HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori M Gorton
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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VanLeeuwen JE, Petzinger GM, Walsh JP, Akopian GK, Vuckovic M, Jakowec MW. Altered AMPA receptor expression with treadmill exercise in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-lesioned mouse model of basal ganglia injury. J Neurosci Res 2010; 88:650-68. [PMID: 19746427 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine depletion leads to impaired motor performance and increased glutamatergic-mediated hyperexcitability of medium spiny neurons in the basal ganglia. Intensive treadmill exercise improves motor performance in both saline treatment and the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson's disease. In the present study, we investigated the effect of high-intensity treadmill exercise on changes in alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) subunit expression, because these receptor channels confer the majority of fast excitatory neurotransmission in the brain, and their subunit composition provides a key mechanism for regulating synaptic strength and synaptic neuroplasticity and is important in modulating glutamatergic neurotransmission. Within the dorsolateral striatum of MPTP mice, treadmill exercise increased GluR2 subunit expression, with no significant effect on GluR1. Furthermore, neurophysiological studies demonstrated a reduction in the size of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in striatal medium spiny neurons (as determined by the input-output relationship), reduced amplitude of spontaneous EPSCs, and a loss of polyamine-sensitive inward rectification, all supportive of an increase in heteromeric AMPAR channels containing the GluR2 subunit. Phosphorylation of GluR2 at serine 880 in both saline-treated and MPTP mice suggests that exercise may also influence AMPAR trafficking and thus synaptic strength within the striatum. Finally, treadmill exercise also altered flip isoforms of GluR2 and GluR1 mRNA transcripts. These findings suggest a role for AMPARs in mediating the beneficial effects of exercise and support the idea that adaptive changes in GluR2 subunit expression may be important in modulating experience-dependent neuroplasticity of the injured basal ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Eric VanLeeuwen
- Department of Neurology, The George and MaryLou Boone Center for Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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Kokras N, Antoniou K, Dalla C, Bekris S, Xagoraris M, Ovestreet DH, Papadopoulou-Daifoti Z. Sex-related differential response to clomipramine treatment in a rat model of depression. J Psychopharmacol 2009; 23:945-56. [PMID: 18755816 DOI: 10.1177/0269881108095914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Research in affective disorders is often performed without considering sex differences, although women are predominantly affected. Consequently, the potential sex-dependent action of antidepressants remains elusive. We investigated whether Flinders sensitive line (FSL) of rats, a model of depression, would present sex-differentiated responses to antidepressant treatment. FSL and Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with clomipramine 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days. Subsequently, they were subjected to either a single session of the forced swim test or an estimation of serotonergic function in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus. Male FSL displayed increased immobility duration, decreased active behaviours, increased serotonin tissue levels and a reduced serotonin turnover rate in most brain areas studied. Female FSL showed a distinct profile, consisting of decreased immobility latency, increased climbing duration, limited serotonergic deviations and no difference in the serotonin turnover rate in comparison with controls. Interestingly, despite baseline differences, clomipramine treatment reversed all relevant behavioural responses and increased the serotonin turnover rate in both sexes. However, the latter effect was remarkably more pronounced in females. It is concluded that, in this animal model of depression, chronic clomipramine treatment attenuated baseline sex differences in the phenotype while maintaining or intensifying the sex differentiation in the serotonergic endophenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kokras
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Eskow KL, Dupre KB, Barnum CJ, Dickinson SO, Park JY, Bishop C. The role of the dorsal raphe nucleus in the development, expression, and treatment of L-dopa-induced dyskinesia in hemiparkinsonian rats. Synapse 2009; 63:610-20. [PMID: 19309758 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Convergent evidence indicates that in later stages of Parkinson's disease raphestriatal serotonin neurons compensate for the loss of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons by converting and releasing dopamine derived from exogenous administration of the pharmacotherapeutic L-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (L-dopa). Because the serotonin system is not equipped with dopamine autoregulatory mechanisms, it has been postulated that raphe-mediated striatal dopamine release may fluctuate dramatically. These fluctuations may portend the development of abnormal involuntary movements called L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). As such, it has been hypothesized that reducing the activity of raphestriatal neurons could dampen supraphysiological stimulation of striatal dopamine receptors thereby alleviating LID. To directly address this, the current study employed the rodent model of LID to investigate the contribution of the rostral raphe nuclei (RRN) in the development, expression and treatment of LID. In the first study, dual serotonin/dopamine selective lesions of the RRN and medial forebrain bundle, respectively, verified that the RRN are essential for the development of LID. In a direct investigation into the neuroanatomical specificity of these effects, microinfusions of +/-8-OH-DPAT into the intact dorsal raphe nucleus dose-dependently attenuated the expression of LID without affecting the antiparkinsonian efficacy of L-dopa. These current findings reveal the integral contribution of the RRN in the development and expression of LID and implicate a prominent role for dorsal raphe 5-HT1AR in the efficacious properties of 5-HT1AR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Eskow
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902-6000, USA
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Bishop C, Krolewski DM, Eskow KL, Barnum CJ, Dupre KB, Deak T, Walker PD. Contribution of the striatum to the effects of 5-HT1A receptor stimulation in L-DOPA-treated hemiparkinsonian rats. J Neurosci Res 2009; 87:1645-58. [PMID: 19115412 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and experimental studies implicate the use of serotonin (5-HT)1A receptor agonists for the reduction of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesia (LID). Although raphe nuclei likely play a role in these antidyskinetic effects, an unexplored population of striatal 5-HT1A receptors (5-HT1AR) may also contribute. To better characterize this mechanism, L-DOPA-primed hemiparkinsonian rats received the 5-HT1AR agonist +/-8-OH-DPAT (0, 0.1, 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) with or without cotreatment with the 5-HT1AR antagonist WAY100635 (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) 5 min after L-DOPA, after which abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs), rotations, and forelimb akinesia were quantified. To establish the effects of 5-HT1AR stimulation on L-DOPA-induced c-fos and preprodynorphin (PPD) mRNA within the dopamine-depleted striatum, immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively, were used. Finally, to determine the contribution of striatal 5-HT1AR to these effects, L-DOPA-primed hemiparkinsonian rats received bilateral intrastriatal microinfusions of +/-8-OH-DPAT (0, 5, or 10 microg/side), WAY100635 (5 microg/side), or both (10 microg + 5 microg/side) 5 min after L-DOPA, after which AIMs and rotations were examined. Systemic +/-8-OH-DPAT dose- and receptor-dependently attenuated L-DOPA-mediated AIMs and improved forelimb akinesia. Striatal c-fos immunoreactivity and PPD mRNA ipsilateral to the lesion were strongly induced by L-DOPA, while +/-8-OH-DPAT suppressed these effects. Finally, intrastriatal infusions of +/-8-OH-DPAT reduced AIMs while coinfusion of WAY100635 reversed its antidyskinetic effect. Collectively, these results support the hypothesis that the cellular and behavioral properties of 5-HT1AR agonists are conveyed in part via a population of functional 5-HT1AR within the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Bishop
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
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Polissidis A, Chouliara O, Galanopoulos A, Marselos M, Papadopoulou-Daifoti Z, Antoniou K. Behavioural and dopaminergic alterations induced by a low dose of WIN 55,212-2 in a conditioned place preference procedure. Life Sci 2009; 85:248-54. [PMID: 19508876 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2009] [Revised: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated the role of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist, WIN 55,212-2, on motor activity. Subsequently, the effects of a low, stimulatory dose of WIN 55,212-2 and cocaine, as a positive control, were evaluated using a conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure. Upon completion of CPP, in rats that had been treated with WIN 55,212-2, dopaminergic status and spontaneous and d-amphetamine-induced motor activity were assessed. MAIN METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were evaluated for habituated motor activity following WIN 55,212-2 (0, 0.1, 0.3, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) administration. A stimulatory dose of WIN 55,212-2 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) and cocaine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) was selected to assess CPP behaviour. Upon completion of CPP, in one group, tissue levels of dopamine and its metabolites were measured in distinct brain regions (dorsal striatum, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus) using High Performance Liquid Chromatography with electrochemical detection. In another group, spontaneous and D-amphetamine-induced motor activity was evaluated in an open-field apparatus. KEY FINDINGS The lowest dose of WIN 55,212-2 increased motor activity but did not produce CPP. As expected, cocaine induced clear CPP. Dopaminergic status was increased in a region-specific way and motor activity was enhanced following a challenge of D-amphetamine in rats that had been administered with WIN 55,212-2 during conditioning. SIGNIFICANCE A stimulatory effect of WIN 55,212-2 on motor activity was not accompanied by place preference. Upon completion of the CPP procedure, this dose was found to induce region-specific hyperdopaminergia along with a greater sensitivity to a subsequent challenge dose of D-amphetamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Polissidis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Scholl JL, Feng N, Watt MJ, Renner KJ, Forster GL. Individual differences in amphetamine sensitization, behavior and central monoamines. Physiol Behav 2008; 96:493-504. [PMID: 19103211 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Revised: 11/29/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Repeated amphetamine treatment results in behavioral sensitization in a high percentage of rats. Alterations to plasma corticosterone, neural monoamines and stress behavior can accompany amphetamine sensitization. Whether these changes occur following repeated amphetamine treatment in the absence of behavioral sensitization is not known. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline once daily for 6 days. Amphetamine-induced locomotion and stereotypy, open-field anxiety behavior, plasma corticosterone and limbic monoamines were measured during withdrawal. Sixty-two percent of amphetamine-treated rats showed behavioral sensitization over the test periods. Only amphetamine-sensitized rats showed increased latency to enter the center of the open-field, as well as increased plasma corticosterone when compared to saline-treated controls. Amphetamine-sensitized rats showed increased dopamine concentrations in the shell of the nucleus accumbens and increased serotonin concentrations in the dorsal hippocampus, which were not observed in amphetamine-treated non-sensitized rats. These findings suggest that anxiety behavior, plasma corticosterone and limbic monoamines concentrations are altered by repeated amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg) treatment, and that these neuroendocrine and behavioral changes are often associated with sensitization to the psychostimulant effects of amphetamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Scholl
- Basic Biomedical Sciences & Neuroscience Group, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark St. Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
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Dupre KB, Eskow KL, Barnum CJ, Bishop C. Striatal 5-HT1A receptor stimulation reduces D1 receptor-induced dyskinesia and improves movement in the hemiparkinsonian rat. Neuropharmacology 2008; 55:1321-8. [PMID: 18824001 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Convergent evidence suggests that serotonin 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR) agonists reduce l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia by auto-regulating aberrant release of l-DOPA-derived dopamine (DA) from raphestriatal neurons. However, recent findings indicate that 5-HT1AR stimulation also modifies D1 receptor (D1R)-mediated dyskinesia and rotations implicating a previously unexplored extra-raphe mechanism. In order to characterize the contribution of the striatum to these effects, rats with medial forebrain bundle DA lesions were tested for abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) and rotations following striatal microinfusions of the 5-HT1AR agonist +/-8-OH-DPAT and systemic D1R agonist treatment with SKF81297. Additional rats with multi-site striatal DA lesions were tested for motor disability following systemic or intrastriatal +/-8-OH-DPAT with or without systemic SKF81297. In rats with medial forebrain bundle lesions, striatal infusions of +/-8-OH-DPAT dose-dependently reduced AIMs while conversely increasing rotations. In rats with striatal lesions, +/-8-OH-DPAT alone, both systemic and intrastriatal administration, optimally reversed motor disability. Collectively, these results support an important functional interaction between 5-HT1AR and D1R in the striatum with implications for the improved treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin B Dupre
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Binghamton, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
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Memory, mood, dopamine, and serotonin in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-lesioned mouse model of basal ganglia injury. Neurobiol Dis 2008; 32:319-27. [PMID: 18718537 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2008.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2008] [Revised: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned mouse serves as a model of basal ganglia injury and Parkinson's disease. The present study investigated the effects of MPTP-induced lesioning on associative memory, conditioned fear, and affective behavior. Male C57BL/6 mice were administered saline or MPTP and separate groups were evaluated at either 7 or 30 days post-lesioning. In the social transmission of food preference test, mice showed a significant decrease in preference for familiar food 30 days post-MPTP compared to controls. Mice at both 7 and 30 days post-MPTP lesioning had increased fear extinction compared to controls. High Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis of tissues homogenates showed dopamine and serotonin were depleted in the striatum, frontal cortex, and amygdala. No changes in anxiety or depression were detected by the tail suspension, sucrose preference, light-dark preference, or hole-board tests. In conclusion, acute MPTP lesioning regimen in mice causes impairments in associative memory and conditioned fear, no mood changes, and depletion of dopamine and serotonin throughout the brain.
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Barnum CJ, Eskow KL, Dupre K, Blandino P, Deak T, Bishop C. Exogenous corticosterone reduces L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in the hemi-parkinsonian rat: role for interleukin-1beta. Neuroscience 2008; 156:30-41. [PMID: 18687386 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
While the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unknown, there is overwhelming evidence that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the progressive loss of dopamine (DA) neurons. Because nearly all persons suffering from PD receive l-DOPA, it is surprising that inflammation has not been examined as a potential contributor to the abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) that occur as a consequence of chronic l-DOPA treatment. As an initial test of this hypothesis, we examined the effects of exogenously administered corticosterone (CORT), an endogenous anti-inflammatory agent, on the expression and development of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) in unilateral DA-depleted rats. To do this, male Sprague-Dawley rats received unilateral medial forebrain bundle 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. Three weeks later, l-DOPA primed rats received acute injections of CORT (0-3.75 mg/kg) prior to l-DOPA to assess the expression of LID. A second group of rats was used to examine the development of LID in l-DOPA naïve rats co-treated with CORT and l-DOPA for 2 weeks. AIMs and rotations were recorded. Exogenous CORT dose-dependently attenuated both the expression and development of AIMs without affecting rotations. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction of striatal tissue implicated a role for interleukin-1 (IL-1) beta in these effects as its expression was increased on the lesioned side in rats treated with l-DOPA (within the DA-depleted striatum) and attenuated with CORT. In the final experiment, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) was microinjected into the striatum of l-DOPA-primed rats to assess the impact of IL-1 signaling on LID. Intrastriatal IL-1ra reduced the expression of LID without affecting rotations. These findings indicate a novel role for neuroinflammation in the expression of LID, and may implicate the use of anti-inflammatory agents as a potential adjunctive therapy for the treatment of LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Barnum
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Binghamton, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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Dupre KB, Eskow KL, Steiniger A, Klioueva A, Negron GE, Lormand L, Park JY, Bishop C. Effects of coincident 5-HT1A receptor stimulation and NMDA receptor antagonism on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and rotational behaviors in the hemi-parkinsonian rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2008; 199:99-108. [PMID: 18545986 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-008-1135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1AR) agonists reduce L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and enhance motor function in experimental and clinical investigations of Parkinson's disease (PD). While the mechanism(s) by which these effects occur are unclear, recent research suggests that modulation of glutamate neurotransmission contributes. OBJECTIVE To further delineate the relationship between 5-HT1A receptors and glutamate, the current study examined the effects of the 5-HT1AR agonist, +/-8-OH-DPAT and the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, MK-801, on L-DOPA-induced motor behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS Unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned male Sprague-Dawley rats were rendered dyskinetic with 1 week of daily L-DOPA (12 mg/kg, i.p.) + benserazide (15 mg/kg, i.p.). On test days, one group of rats received pretreatments of: +/-8-OH-DPAT (0, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) or MK-801 (0, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3 mg/kg, i.p.). A second group was administered combined +/-8-OH-DPAT (0, 0.03 or 0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) + MK-801 (0, 0.1 mg/kg, i.p.). Pretreatments were followed by L-DOPA administration, after which, abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) and rotations were monitored. To investigate effects on motor performance, subthreshold doses of +/-8-OH-DPAT (0.03 mg/kg, i.p.) + MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered to L-DOPA-naïve hemiparkinsonian rats before the forepaw adjusting steps test. RESULTS Individually, both +/-8-OH-DPAT and MK-801 dose-dependently decreased L-DOPA-induced AIMs without affecting rotations. Combined subthreshold doses of +/-8-OH-DPAT+MK-801 reduced L-DOPA-induced AIMs and potently enhanced contralateral rotations without altering L-DOPA-induced motor improvements. CONCLUSIONS The current results indicate a functional interaction between 5-HT1AR and NMDAR that may improve pharmacological treatment of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin B Dupre
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
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Dalla C, Antoniou K, Kokras N, Drossopoulou G, Papathanasiou G, Bekris S, Daskas S, Papadopoulou-Daifoti Z. Sex differences in the effects of two stress paradigms on dopaminergic neurotransmission. Physiol Behav 2007; 93:595-605. [PMID: 18031771 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in behavioral and neurobiological responses to stress are considered to modulate the prevalence of some psychiatric disorders, including major depression. In the present study, we compared dopaminergic neurotransmission and behavior in response to two different stress paradigms, the Forced Swim Test (FST) and the Chronic Mild Stress (CMS). Male and female rats were subjected to one session of swim stress for two consecutive days (FST) or to a variety of mild stressors alternating for six weeks (CMS). Subsequently, the tissue levels of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites (HVA and DOPAC) in the hippocampus, the hypothalamus, the prefrontal cortex and the striatum were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The ratios HVA/DA and DOPAC/DA were also calculated as indices of the dopaminergic activity. Results from the FST determined that males exhibited lower immobility, higher climbing duration and increased dopaminergic activity in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus compared to females. CMS induced alterations in sucrose intake in both sexes, while it only decreased dopaminergic activity in the prefrontal cortex of females. These findings show that FST and CMS have different effects on the dopaminergic activity of discrete brain regions depending on the sex of the animal. These data support the growing evidence that females display a differential response and adaptation to stress than males.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dalla
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Athens, M. Asias 75, Goudi, 115 27, Athens, Greece
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