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Kernohan KD, Boycott KM. The expanding diagnostic toolbox for rare genetic diseases. Nat Rev Genet 2024; 25:401-415. [PMID: 38238519 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00683-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Genomic technologies, such as targeted, exome and short-read genome sequencing approaches, have revolutionized the care of patients with rare genetic diseases. However, more than half of patients remain without a diagnosis. Emerging approaches from research-based settings such as long-read genome sequencing and optical genome mapping hold promise for improving the identification of disease-causal genetic variants. In addition, new omic technologies that measure the transcriptome, epigenome, proteome or metabolome are showing great potential for variant interpretation. As genetic testing options rapidly expand, the clinical community needs to be mindful of their individual strengths and limitations, as well as remaining challenges, to select the appropriate diagnostic test, correctly interpret results and drive innovation to address insufficiencies. If used effectively - through truly integrative multi-omics approaches and data sharing - the resulting large quantities of data from these established and emerging technologies will greatly improve the interpretative power of genetic and genomic diagnostics for rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin D Kernohan
- CHEO Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Newborn Screening Ontario, CHEO, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kym M Boycott
- CHEO Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Department of Genetics, CHEO, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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2
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Zandl-Lang M, Plecko B, Köfeler H. Lipidomics-Paving the Road towards Better Insight and Precision Medicine in Rare Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021709. [PMID: 36675224 PMCID: PMC9866746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though the application of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) has significantly facilitated the identification of disease-associated mutations, the diagnostic rate of rare diseases is still below 50%. This causes a diagnostic odyssey and prevents specific treatment, as well as genetic counseling for further family planning. Increasing the diagnostic rate and reducing the time to diagnosis in children with unclear disease are crucial for a better patient outcome and improvement of quality of life. In many cases, NGS reveals variants of unknown significance (VUS) that need further investigations. The delineation of novel (lipid) biomarkers is not only crucial to prove the pathogenicity of VUS, but provides surrogate parameters for the monitoring of disease progression and therapeutic interventions. Lipids are essential organic compounds in living organisms, serving as building blocks for cellular membranes, energy storage and signaling molecules. Among other disorders, an imbalance in lipid homeostasis can lead to chronic inflammation, vascular dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, analyzing lipids in biological samples provides great insight into the underlying functional role of lipids in healthy and disease statuses. The method of choice for lipid analysis and/or huge assemblies of lipids (=lipidome) is mass spectrometry due to its high sensitivity and specificity. Due to the inherent chemical complexity of the lipidome and the consequent challenges associated with analyzing it, progress in the field of lipidomics has lagged behind other omics disciplines. However, compared to the previous decade, the output of publications on lipidomics has increased more than 17-fold within the last decade and has, therefore, become one of the fastest-growing research fields. Combining multiple omics approaches will provide a unique and efficient tool for determining pathogenicity of VUS at the functional level, and thereby identifying rare, as well as novel, genetic disorders by molecular techniques and biochemical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zandl-Lang
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Plecko
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Köfeler
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, ZMF, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence:
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3
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Wang C, Liu S, Liu F, Bhutta A, Patterson TA, Slikker W. Application of Nonhuman Primate Models in the Studies of Pediatric Anesthesia Neurotoxicity. Anesth Analg 2022; 134:1203-1214. [PMID: 35147575 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous animal models have been used to study developmental neurotoxicity associated with short-term or prolonged exposure of common general anesthetics at clinically relevant concentrations. Pediatric anesthesia models using the nonhuman primate (NHP) may more accurately reflect the human condition because of their phylogenetic similarity to humans with regard to reproduction, development, neuroanatomy, and cognition. Although they are not as widely used as other animal models, the contribution of NHP models in the study of anesthetic-induced developmental neurotoxicity has been essential. In this review, we discuss how neonatal NHP animals have been used for modeling pediatric anesthetic exposure; how NHPs have addressed key data gaps and application of the NHP model for the studies of general anesthetic-induced developmental neurotoxicity. The appropriate application and evaluation of the NHP model in the study of general anesthetic-induced developmental neurotoxicity have played a key role in enhancing the understanding and awareness of the potential neurotoxicity associated with pediatric general anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- From the Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Shuliang Liu
- From the Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Fang Liu
- From the Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Adnan Bhutta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Tucker A Patterson
- Office of the Director, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - William Slikker
- Office of the Director, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas
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4
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Pesaola F, Quassollo G, Venier AC, De Paul AL, Noher I, Bisbal M. The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis-related protein CLN8 regulates endo-lysosomal dynamics and dendritic morphology. Biol Cell 2021; 113:419-437. [PMID: 34021618 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION The endo-lysosomal system (ELS) comprises a set of membranous organelles responsible for transporting intracellular and extracellular components within cells. Defects in lysosomal proteins usually affect a large variety of processes and underlie many diseases, most of them with a strong neuronal impact. Mutations in the endoplasmic reticulum-resident CLN8 protein cause CLN8 disease. This condition is one of the 14 known neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), a group of inherited diseases characterised by accumulation of lipofuscin-like pigments within lysosomes. Besides mediating the transport of soluble lysosomal proteins, recent research suggested a role for CLN8 in the transport of vesicles and lipids, and autophagy. However, the consequences of CLN8 deficiency on ELS structure and activity, as well as the potential impact on neuronal development, remain poorly characterised. Therefore, we performed CLN8 knockdown in neuronal and non-neuronal cell models to analyse structural, dynamic and functional changes in the ELS and to assess the impact of CLN8 deficiency on axodendritic development. RESULTS CLN8 knockdown increased the size of the Golgi apparatus, the number of mobile vesicles and the speed of endo-lysosomes. Using the fluorescent fusion protein mApple-LAMP1-pHluorin, we detected significant lysosomal alkalisation in CLN8-deficient cells. In turn, experiments in primary rat hippocampal neurons showed that CLN8 deficiency decreased the complexity and size of the somatodendritic compartment. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the participation of CLN8 in vesicular distribution, lysosomal pH and normal development of the dendritic tree. We speculate that the defects triggered by CLN8 deficiency on ELS structure and dynamics underlie morphological alterations in neurons, which ultimately lead to the characteristic neurodegeneration observed in this NCL. SIGNIFICANCE This is, to our knowledge, the first characterisation of the effects of CLN8 dysfunction on the structure and dynamics of the ELS. Moreover, our findings suggest a novel role for CLN8 in somatodendritic development, which may account at least in part for the neuropathological manifestations associated with CLN8 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Favio Pesaola
- Programa de Investigación Translacional de Lipofuscinosis Ceroidea Neuronal, Hospital de Niños de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5014, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas "Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra"- IMMF-UNC-CONICET, Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Av. Friuli 2434, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Quassollo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas "Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra"- IMMF-UNC-CONICET, Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Av. Friuli 2434, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
| | - Ana Clara Venier
- Programa de Investigación Translacional de Lipofuscinosis Ceroidea Neuronal, Hospital de Niños de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5014, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Bv. de la Reforma y Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, 5016, Argentina
| | - Ana Lucía De Paul
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Bv. de la Reforma y Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, 5016, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Bv. de la Reforma y Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, 5016, Argentina
| | - Ines Noher
- Programa de Investigación Translacional de Lipofuscinosis Ceroidea Neuronal, Hospital de Niños de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5014, Argentina
| | - Mariano Bisbal
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas "Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra"- IMMF-UNC-CONICET, Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Av. Friuli 2434, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina.,Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba, Córdoba, 5016, Argentina
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5
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Butz ES, Chandrachud U, Mole SE, Cotman SL. Moving towards a new era of genomics in the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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6
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Adhikari B, De Silva B, Molina JA, Allen A, Peck SH, Lee SY. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis related ER membrane protein CLN8 regulates PP2A activity and ceramide levels. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:322-328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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7
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Mukherjee AB, Appu AP, Sadhukhan T, Casey S, Mondal A, Zhang Z, Bagh MB. Emerging new roles of the lysosome and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:4. [PMID: 30651094 PMCID: PMC6335712 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (NCLs), commonly known as Batten disease, constitute a group of the most prevalent neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). Mutations in at least 13 different genes (called CLNs) cause various forms of NCLs. Clinically, the NCLs manifest early impairment of vision, progressive decline in cognitive and motor functions, seizures and a shortened lifespan. At the cellular level, all NCLs show intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent material (called ceroid) and progressive neuron loss. Despite intense studies the normal physiological functions of each of the CLN genes remain poorly understood. Consequently, the development of mechanism-based therapeutic strategies remains challenging. Endolysosomal dysfunction contributes to pathogenesis of virtually all LSDs. Studies within the past decade have drastically changed the notion that the lysosomes are merely the terminal degradative organelles. The emerging new roles of the lysosome include its central role in nutrient-dependent signal transduction regulating metabolism and cellular proliferation or quiescence. In this review, we first provide a brief overview of the endolysosomal and autophagic pathways, lysosomal acidification and endosome-lysosome and autophagosome-lysosome fusions. We emphasize the importance of these processes as their dysregulation leads to pathogenesis of many LSDs including the NCLs. We also describe what is currently known about each of the 13 CLN genes and their products and how understanding the emerging new roles of the lysosome may clarify the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of the NCLs. Finally, we discuss the current and emerging therapeutic strategies for various NCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil B. Mukherjee
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Program on Endocrinology and Molecular Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1830 USA
| | - Abhilash P. Appu
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Program on Endocrinology and Molecular Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1830 USA
| | - Tamal Sadhukhan
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Program on Endocrinology and Molecular Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1830 USA
| | - Sydney Casey
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Program on Endocrinology and Molecular Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1830 USA
| | - Avisek Mondal
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Program on Endocrinology and Molecular Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1830 USA
| | - Zhongjian Zhang
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Program on Endocrinology and Molecular Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1830 USA
- Present address: Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan China
| | - Maria B. Bagh
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Program on Endocrinology and Molecular Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1830 USA
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8
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Wang C, Han X, Liu F, Patterson TA, Hanig JP, Paule MG, Slikker W. Lipid profiling as an effective approach for identifying biomarkers/adverse events associated with pediatric anesthesia. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 354:191-195. [PMID: 29550513 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adverse effects related to central nervous system (CNS) function in pediatric populations may, at times, be difficult, if not impossible to evaluate. Prolonged anesthetic exposure affects brain excitability and anesthesia during the most sensitive developmental stages and has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, aberrant lipid metabolism and synaptogenesis, subsequent neuronal damage, as well as long-term behavioral deficits. There has been limited research evaluating whether and how anesthetic agents affect cellular lipids, the most abundant components of the brain other than water. Therefore, this review discusses: (1) whether the observed anesthetic-induced changes in lipid profiles seen in preclinical studies represents early signs of neurotoxicity; (2) the potential mechanisms underlying anesthetic-induced brain injury; and (3) whether lipid biomarker(s) identified in preclinical studies can serve as markers for the early clinical detection of anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Xianlin Han
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Tucker A Patterson
- National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Joseph P Hanig
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research/Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Merle G Paule
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - William Slikker
- National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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9
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Annunziata I, Sano R, d'Azzo A. Mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) and lysosomal storage diseases. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:328. [PMID: 29491402 PMCID: PMC5832421 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) comprise a large group of disorders of catabolism, mostly due to deficiency of a single glycan-cleaving hydrolase. The consequent endo-lysosomal accumulation of undigested or partially digested substrates in cells of virtually all organs, including the nervous system, is diagnostic of these diseases and underlies pathogenesis. A subgroup of LSDs, the glycosphingolipidoses, are caused by deficiency of glycosidases that process/degrade sphingolipids and glycosphingolipids (GSLs). GSLs are among the lipid constituents of mammalian membranes, where they orderly distribute and, together with a plethora of membrane proteins, contribute to the formation of discrete membrane microdomains or lipid rafts. The composition of intracellular membranes enclosing organelles reflects that at the plasma membrane (PM). Organelles have the tendencies to tether to one another and to the PM at specific membrane contact sites that, owing to their lipid and protein content, resemble PM lipid rafts. The focus of this review is on the MAMs, mitochondria associated ER membranes, sites of juxtaposition between ER and mitochondria that function as biological hubs for the exchange of molecules and ions, and control the functional status of the reciprocal organelles. We will focus on the lipid components of the MAMs, and highlight how failure to digest or process the sialylated GSL, GM1 ganglioside, in lysosomes alters the lipid conformation and functional properties of the MAMs and leads to neuronal cell death and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Annunziata
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Renata Sano
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alessandra d'Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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10
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Sethi S, Hayashi MA, Sussulini A, Tasic L, Brietzke E. Analytical approaches for lipidomics and its potential applications in neuropsychiatric disorders. World J Biol Psychiatry 2017; 18:506-520. [PMID: 26555297 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1117656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this review, the authors discuss an overview of lipidomics followed by in-depth discussion of its application to the study of human diseases, including extraction methods of lipids, analytical techniques and clinical research in neuropsychiatric disorders. METHODS Lipidomics is a lipid-targeted metabolomics approach aiming at the comprehensive analysis of lipids in biological systems. Recent technological advancements in mass spectrometry and chromatography have greatly enhanced the development and applications of metabolic profiling of diverse lipids in complex biological samples. RESULTS An effective evaluation of the clinical course of diseases requires the application of very precise diagnostic and assessment approaches as early as possible. In order to achieve this, "omics" strategies offer new opportunities for biomarker identification and/or discovery in complex diseases and may provide pathological pathways understanding for diseases beyond traditional methodologies. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the importance of lipidomics for the future perspectives as a tool for biomarker identification and discovery and its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Sethi
- a Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry , Universidade Federal De São Paulo - UNIFESP , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Mirian A Hayashi
- a Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry , Universidade Federal De São Paulo - UNIFESP , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Alessandra Sussulini
- b Department of Analytical Chemistry , Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual De Campinas - UNICAMP , Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Ljubica Tasic
- c Department of Organic Chemistry , Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual De Campinas - UNICAMP , Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- a Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry , Universidade Federal De São Paulo - UNIFESP , São Paulo , Brazil
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11
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Zacek P, Bukowski M, Rosenberger TA, Picklo M. Quantitation of isobaric phosphatidylcholine species in human plasma using a hybrid quadrupole linear ion-trap mass spectrometer. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:2225-2234. [PMID: 27688258 PMCID: PMC5321225 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d070656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) species in human plasma are used as biomarkers of disease. PC biomarkers are often limited by the inability to separate isobaric PCs. In this work, we developed a targeted shotgun approach for analysis of isobaric and isomeric PCs. This approach is comprised of two MS methods: a precursor ion scanning (PIS) of mass m/z 184 in positive mode (PIS m/z +184) and MS3 fragmentation in negative mode, both performed on the same instrument, a hybrid triple quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometer. The MS3 experiment identified the FA composition and the relative abundance of isobaric and sn-1, sn-2 positional isomeric PC species, which were subsequently combined with absolute quantitative data obtained by PIS m/z +184 scan. This approach was applied to the analysis of a National Institute of Standards and Technology human blood plasma standard reference material (SRM 1950). We quantified more than 70 PCs and confirmed that a majority are present in isobaric and isomeric mixtures. The FA content determined by this method was comparable to that obtained using GC with flame ionization detection, supporting the quantitative nature of this MS method. This methodology will provide more in-depth biomarker information for clinical and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Zacek
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203 .,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Bukowski
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203
| | - Thad A Rosenberger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota; Grand Forks, ND 58201
| | - Matthew Picklo
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203.,Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota; Grand Forks, ND 58201
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12
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Heischmann S, Quinn K, Cruickshank-Quinn C, Liang LP, Reisdorph R, Reisdorph N, Patel M. Exploratory Metabolomics Profiling in the Kainic Acid Rat Model Reveals Depletion of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 during Epileptogenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31424. [PMID: 27526857 PMCID: PMC4985632 DOI: 10.1038/srep31424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, no reliable markers are available to evaluate the epileptogenic potential of a brain injury. The electroencephalogram is the standard method of diagnosis of epilepsy; however, it is not used to predict the risk of developing epilepsy. Biomarkers that indicate an individual's risk to develop epilepsy, especially those measurable in the periphery are urgently needed. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the most common form of acquired epilepsy, is characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures following brain injury and a seizure-free "latent" period. Elucidation of mechanisms at play during epilepsy development (epileptogenesis) in animal models of TLE could enable the identification of predictive biomarkers. Our pilot study using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics analysis revealed changes (p-value ≤ 0.05, ≥1.5-fold change) in lipid, purine, and sterol metabolism in rat plasma and hippocampus during epileptogenesis and chronic epilepsy in the kainic acid model of TLE. Notably, disease development was associated with dysregulation of vitamin D3 metabolism at all stages and plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 depletion in the acute and latent phase of injury-induced epileptogenesis. These data suggest that plasma VD3 metabolites reflect the severity of an epileptogenic insult and that a panel of plasma VD3 metabolites may be able to serve as a marker of epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Heischmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, School of Pharmacy, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Kevin Quinn
- Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | | | - Li-Ping Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, School of Pharmacy, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rick Reisdorph
- Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Nichole Reisdorph
- Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Manisha Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, School of Pharmacy, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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13
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Itokazu Y, Tajima N, Kerosuo L, Somerharju P, Sariola H, Yu RK, Käkelä R. A2B5+/GFAP+ Cells of Rat Spinal Cord Share a Similar Lipid Profile with Progenitor Cells: A Comparative Lipidomic Study. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1527-44. [PMID: 26915109 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1867-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) harbors multiple glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expressing cell types. In addition to the most abundant cell type of the CNS, the astrocytes, various stem cells and progenitor cells also contain GFAP+ populations. Here, in order to distinguish between two types of GFAP expressing cells with or without the expression of the A2B5 antigens, we performed lipidomic analyses on A2B5+/GFAP+ and A2B5-/GFAP+ cells from rat spinal cord. First, A2B5+/GFAP- progenitors were exposed to the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) or bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) to induce their differentiation to A2B5+/GFAP+ cells or A2B5-/GFAP+ astrocytes, respectively. The cells were then analyzed for changes in their phospholipid, sphingolipid or acyl chain profiles by mass spectrometry and gas chromatography. Compared to A2B5+/GFAP- progenitors, A2B5-/GFAP+ astrocytes contained higher amounts of ether phospholipids (especially the species containing arachidonic acid) and sphingomyelin, which may indicate characteristics of cellular differentiation and inability for multipotency. In comparison, principal component analyses revealed that the lipid composition of A2B5+/GFAP+ cells retained many of the characteristics of A2B5+/GFAP- progenitors, but their lipid profile was different from that of A2B5-/GFAP+ astrocytes. Thus, our study demonstrated that two GFAP+ cell populations have distinct lipid profiles with the A2B5+/GFAP+ cells sharing a phospholipid profile with progenitors rather than astrocytes. The progenitor cells may require regulated low levels of lipids known to mediate signaling functions in differentiated cells, and the precursor lipid profiles may serve as one measure of the differentiation capacity of a cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Itokazu
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Biocenter 3, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA
| | - Nobuyoshi Tajima
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Laura Kerosuo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Pentti Somerharju
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Sariola
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert K Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Biocenter 3, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland. .,Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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14
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Zhao YY, Cheng XL, Lin RC, Wei F. Lipidomics applications for disease biomarker discovery in mammal models. Biomark Med 2015; 9:153-68. [PMID: 25689902 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.14.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipidomics is a lipid-targeted metabolomics approach focusing on comprehensive analysis of all lipids with which they interact in biology systems. Recent technological advances in MS and chromatography have greatly enhanced the developments and applications of metabolic profiling of diverse lipids in complex biological samples. Lipidomics will not only provide insights into the specific functions of lipid species in health and disease, but will also identify potential biomarkers for establishing preventive or therapeutic programs for human disease. In this review, recent applications of lipidomics to understand animal models of disease such as metabolic syndromes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and infectious diseases are considered. We also discuss the lipidomics for the future perspectives and their potential problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology & Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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15
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Cell biology of the NCL proteins: What they do and don't do. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2242-55. [PMID: 25962910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The fatal, primarily childhood neurodegenerative disorders, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), are currently associated with mutations in 13 genes. The protein products of these genes (CLN1 to CLN14) differ in their function and their intracellular localization. NCL-associated proteins have been localized mostly in lysosomes (CLN1, CLN2, CLN3, CLN5, CLN7, CLN10, CLN12 and CLN13) but also in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (CLN6 and CLN8), or in the cytosol associated to vesicular membranes (CLN4 and CLN14). Some of them such as CLN1 (palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1), CLN2 (tripeptidyl-peptidase 1), CLN5, CLN10 (cathepsin D), and CLN13 (cathepsin F), are lysosomal soluble proteins; others like CLN3, CLN7, and CLN12, have been proposed to be lysosomal transmembrane proteins. In this review, we give our views and attempt to summarize the proposed and confirmed functions of each NCL protein and describe and discuss research results published since the last review on NCL proteins. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: "Current Research on the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (Batten Disease)".
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16
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Sabourdy F, Astudillo L, Colacios C, Dubot P, Mrad M, Ségui B, Andrieu-Abadie N, Levade T. Monogenic neurological disorders of sphingolipid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1040-51. [PMID: 25660725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids comprise a wide variety of molecules containing a sphingoid long-chain base that can be N-acylated. These lipids are particularly abundant in the central nervous system, being membrane components of neurons as well as non-neuronal cells. Direct evidence that these brain lipids play critical functions in brain physiology is illustrated by the dramatic consequences of genetic disturbances of their metabolism. Inherited defects of both synthesis and catabolism of sphingolipids are now identified in humans. These monogenic disorders are due to mutations in the genes encoding for the enzymes that catalyze either the formation or degradation of simple sphingolipids such as ceramides, or complex sphingolipids like glycolipids. They cause varying degrees of central nervous system dysfunction, quite similarly to the neurological disorders induced in mice by gene disruption of the corresponding enzymes. Herein, the enzyme deficiencies and metabolic alterations that underlie these diseases are reviewed. Their possible pathophysiological mechanisms and the functions played by sphingolipids one can deduce from these conditions are discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Brain Lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Sabourdy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2013, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse-III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Leonardo Astudillo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2013, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse-III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Colacios
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2013, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse-III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia Dubot
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Marguerite Mrad
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2013, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse-III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Ségui
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2013, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse-III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2013, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse-III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Levade
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2013, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse-III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France.
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17
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Phillips JE, Gomer RH. Partial genetic suppression of a loss-of-function mutant of the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis-associated protease TPP1 in Dictyostelium discoideum. Dis Model Mech 2014; 8:147-56. [PMID: 25540127 PMCID: PMC4314780 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.018820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is the most common childhood-onset neurodegenerative disease. NCL is inevitably fatal, and there is currently no treatment available. Children with NCL show a progressive decline in movement, vision and mental abilities, and an accumulation of autofluorescent deposits in neurons and other cell types. Late-infantile NCL is caused by mutations in the lysosomal protease tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1). TPP1 cleaves tripeptides from the N-terminus of proteins in vitro, but little is known about the physiological function of TPP1. TPP1 shows wide conservation in vertebrates but it is not found in Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we characterize ddTpp1, a TPP1 ortholog present in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. Lysates from cells lacking ddTpp1 show a reduced but not abolished ability to cleave a TPP1 substrate, suggesting that other Dictyostelium enzymes can perform this cleavage. ddTpp1 and human TPP1 localize to the lysosome in Dictyostelium, indicating conserved function and trafficking. Cells that lack ddTpp1 show precocious multicellular development and a reduced ability to form spores during development. When cultured in autophagy-stimulating conditions, cells lacking ddTpp1 rapidly decrease in size and are less viable than wild-type cells, suggesting that one function of ddTpp1 could be to limit autophagy. Cells that lack ddTpp1 exhibit strongly impaired development in the presence of the lysosome-perturbing drug chloroquine, and this phenotype can be suppressed through a secondary mutation in the gene that we name suppressor of tpp1− A (stpA), which encodes a protein with some similarity to mammalian oxysterol-binding proteins (OSBPs). Taken together, these results suggest that targeting specific proteins could be a viable way to suppress the effects of loss of TPP1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Phillips
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3474, USA
| | - Richard H Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3474, USA.
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18
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Yuki D, Sugiura Y, Zaima N, Akatsu H, Takei S, Yao I, Maesako M, Kinoshita A, Yamamoto T, Kon R, Sugiyama K, Setou M. DHA-PC and PSD-95 decrease after loss of synaptophysin and before neuronal loss in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7130. [PMID: 25410733 PMCID: PMC5382699 DOI: 10.1038/srep07130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic disruption, and neuronal loss. Several studies have demonstrated decreases of docosahexaenoic acid-containing phosphatidylcholines (DHA-PCs) in the AD brain. In this study, we used matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry in postmortem AD brain to show that PC molecular species containing stearate and DHA, namely PC(18:0/22:6), was selectively depleted in the gray matter of patients with AD. Moreover, in the brain regions with marked amyloid β (Aβ) deposition, the magnitude of the PC(18:0/22:6) reduction significantly correlated with disease duration. Furthermore, at the molecular level, this depletion was associated with reduced levels of the postsynaptic protein PSD-95 but not the presynaptic protein synaptophysin. Interestingly, this reduction in PC(18:0/22:6) levels did not correlate with the degrees of Aβ deposition and neuronal loss in AD. The analysis of the correlations of key factors and disease duration showed that their effects on the disease time course were arranged in order as Aβ deposition, presynaptic disruption, postsynaptic disruption coupled with PC(18:0/22:6) reduction, and neuronal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Yuki
- 1] Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan [2] Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- 1] Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan [2] JST Precursory Research for Embryonic Science Technology (PREST) Project, 160-8582 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Zaima
- 1] Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan [2] Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Kinki University, 3327-204 Naka-machi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Akatsu
- 1] Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, 19-14 Yamanaka, Noyori-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8124, Japan [2] Department of Medicine for Aging in Place and Community-Based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Shiro Takei
- 1] Department of Optical Imaging, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan [2] JST, ERATO, Sato project, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ikuko Yao
- 1] Department of Optical Imaging, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan [2] JST, ERATO, Sato project, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masato Maesako
- School of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 53 Shogoin kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ayae Kinoshita
- School of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 53 Shogoin kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamamoto
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, 19-14 Yamanaka, Noyori-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8124, Japan
| | - Ryo Kon
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan
| | - Keikichi Sugiyama
- 1] Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan [2] Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- 1] Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan [2] JST, ERATO, Sato project, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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19
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Vanni N, Fruscione F, Ferlazzo E, Striano P, Robbiano A, Traverso M, Sander T, Falace A, Gazzerro E, Bramanti P, Bielawski J, Fassio A, Minetti C, Genton P, Zara F. Impairment of ceramide synthesis causes a novel progressive myoclonus epilepsy. Ann Neurol 2014; 76:206-12. [PMID: 24782409 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alterations of sphingolipid metabolism are implicated in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorders. METHODS We identified a homozygous nonsynonymous mutation in CERS1, the gene encoding ceramide synthase 1, in 4 siblings affected by a progressive disorder with myoclonic epilepsy and dementia. CerS1, a transmembrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), catalyzes the biosynthesis of C18-ceramides. RESULTS We demonstrated that the mutation decreases C18-ceramide levels. In addition, we showed that downregulation of CerS1 in a neuroblastoma cell line triggers ER stress response and induces proapoptotic pathways. INTERPRETATION This study demonstrates that impairment of ceramide biosynthesis underlies neurodegeneration in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Vanni
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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20
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Bennett MJ, Rakheja D. The neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 17:254-9. [PMID: 23798013 DOI: 10.1002/ddrr.1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses (NCL's, Batten disease) represent a group of severe neurodegenerative diseases, which mostly present in childhood. The phenotypes are similar and include visual loss, seizures, loss of motor and cognitive function, and early death. At autopsy, there is massive neuronal loss with characteristic storage in remaining neurons. Neurons appear to die because of increased rates of apoptosis and altered autophagy. Ten genes have been identified so far that result in an NCL (CLN1-10). The most common forms are CLN1, CLN2, and CLN3, which were previously known as Infantile, Late-Infantile, and Juvenile NCL's, respectively. CLN1 and CLN2 result from mutations in soluble lysosomal enzymes palmitoyl-protein thioesterase (PPT) and tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1), which can be measured in white blood cells for clinical diagnosis. Molecular diagnostic testing is routinely available for CLN1, CLN2, and CLN3. Sequencing of other NCL genes may be required to establish a diagnosis when the common forms are ruled out. The pathogenesis of NCL neuronal loss resulting from loss of function of any of the NCL gene products remains unknown and no treatment options are presently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bennett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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21
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Papanayotou C, De Almeida I, Liao P, Oliveira NMM, Lu SQ, Kougioumtzidou E, Zhu L, Shaw A, Sheng G, Streit A, Yu D, Wah Soong T, Stern CD. Calfacilitin is a calcium channel modulator essential for initiation of neural plate development. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1837. [PMID: 23673622 PMCID: PMC3674269 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium fluxes have been implicated in the specification of the vertebrate embryonic nervous system for some time, but how these fluxes are regulated and how they relate to the rest of the neural induction cascade is unknown. Here we describe Calfacilitin, a transmembrane calcium channel facilitator that increases calcium flux by generating a larger window current and slowing inactivation of the L-type CaV1.2 channel. Calfacilitin binds to this channel and is co-expressed with it in the embryo. Regulation of intracellular calcium by Calfacilitin is required for expression of the neural plate specifiers Geminin and Sox2 and for neural plate formation. Loss-of-function of Calfacilitin can be rescued by ionomycin, which increases intracellular calcium. Our results elucidate the role of calcium fluxes in early neural development and uncover a new factor in the modulation of calcium signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costis Papanayotou
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street (Anatomy Building), London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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22
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NCL disease mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:1882-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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23
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Passantino R, Cascio C, Deidda I, Galizzi G, Russo D, Spedale G, Guarneri P. Identifying protein partners of CLN8, an ER-resident protein involved in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:529-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kollmann K, Uusi-Rauva K, Scifo E, Tyynelä J, Jalanko A, Braulke T. Cell biology and function of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis-related proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:1866-81. [PMID: 23402926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) comprise a group of inherited lysosomal disorders with variable age of onset, characterized by lysosomal accumulation of autofluorescent ceroid lipopigments, neuroinflammation, photoreceptor- and neurodegeneration. Most of the NCL-related genes encode soluble and transmembrane proteins which localize to the endoplasmic reticulum or to the endosomal/lysosomal compartment and directly or indirectly regulate lysosomal function. Recently, exome sequencing led to the identification of four novel gene defects in NCL patients and a new NCL nomenclature currently comprising CLN1 through CLN14. Although the precise function of most of the NCL proteins remains elusive, comprehensive analyses of model organisms, particularly mouse models, provided new insight into pathogenic mechanisms of NCL diseases and roles of mutant NCL proteins in cellular/subcellular protein and lipid homeostasis, as well as their adaptive/compensatorial regulation at the transcriptional level. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the expression, function and regulation of NCL proteins and their impact on lysosomal integrity. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses or Batten Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Kollmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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25
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Haddad SE, Khoury M, Daoud M, Kantar R, Harati H, Mousallem T, Alzate O, Meyer B, Boustany RM. CLN5 and CLN8 protein association with ceramide synthase: biochemical and proteomic approaches. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:3798-809. [PMID: 23160995 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Four patients with juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, a childhood neurodegenerative disorder that was previously described as CLN9 variant, are reclassified as CLN5 disease. CLN5-deficient (CLN5(-/-) ) fibroblasts demonstrate adhesion defects, increased growth, apoptosis, and decreased levels of ceramide, sphingomyelin, and glycosphingolipids. The CLN8 protein (CLN8p) corrects growth and apoptosis in CLN5(-/-) cells. Related proteins containing a Lag1 motif (CerS1/2/4/5/6) partially corrected these deficits, with CerS1, which is primarily expressed in brain, providing the best complementation, suggesting CLN5p activates CerS1 and may co-immunoprecipitate with it. CLN8p complements CLN5-deficient cells, consolidating the interrelationship of CLN5p/CLN8p, whose potential roles are explored as activators of (dihydro)ceramide synthases. Homozygosity mapping using microarray technology led to identification of CLN5 as the culprit gene in previously classified CLN9-defective cases. Similar to CLN5(-/-) cells, ceramide synthase activity, C16/C18:0/C24:0/C24:1 ceramide species, measured by MS is decreased in CLN8(-/-) cells. Comparison of normal versus CLN5(-/-) cell CerS1-bound proteins by immunoprecipitation, differential gel electrophoresis, and MS revealed absence of γ-actin in CLN5(-/-) cells. The γ-actin gene sequence is normal in CLN5(-/-) derived DNA. The γ-actin-bound proteins, vimentin and histones H2Afz/H3F3A/Hist1H4, were absent from the γ-actin protein complex in CLN5(-/-) cells. The function of CLN5p may require vimentin and the histone proteins to bind γ-actin. Defective binding could explain the CLN5(-/-) cellular phenotype. We explore the role of the CLN5/CLN8 proteins in ceramide species specific sphingolipid de novo synthesis, and suggest that CLN5/CLN8 proteins are more closely related than previously believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saria El Haddad
- Department of Pediatric, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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26
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van Echten-Deckert G, Walter J. Sphingolipids: Critical players in Alzheimer’s disease. Prog Lipid Res 2012; 51:378-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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27
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Ecker J. Profiling eicosanoids and phospholipids using LC-MS/MS: principles and recent applications. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1227-35. [PMID: 22733504 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids are potent lipid mediators involved in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes. Precursors are polyunsaturated fatty acids liberated from membrane phospholipids. Thus, profiling and quantification of these molecules has gained a lot of attention during last years. Eicosanoids and phospholipids are commonly profiled by LC-MS/MSbecause this technique allows accurate quantification within acceptable run-times. This article therefore focuses on liquid chromatography and the ESI-MS/MS analysis of proinflammatory lipid mediators, particularly arachidonic acid (C20:4) derived eicosanoids and their precursors phospholipids. Recent analytical developments for quantification of these compounds are highlighted and analytical challenges are discussed. Furthermore, applications such as the use of these molecules as biomarkers are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Ecker
- ABF Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Munich, Germany.
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28
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Kuronen M, Hermansson M, Manninen O, Zech I, Talvitie M, Laitinen T, Gröhn O, Somerharju P, Eckhardt M, Cooper JD, Lehesjoki AE, Lahtinen U, Kopra O. Galactolipid deficiency in the early pathogenesis of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis model Cln8mnd: implications to delayed myelination and oligodendrocyte maturation. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2012; 38:471-86. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2011.01233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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29
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Testai FD, Hillmann M, Amin-Hanjani S, Gorshkova I, Berdyshev E, Gorelick PB, Dawson G. Changes in the cerebrospinal fluid ceramide profile after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 2012; 43:2066-70. [PMID: 22713492 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.112.650390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the cerebrospinal fluid sphingolipid profile in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage in relation to the occurrence of symptomatic vasospasm and outcome at hospital discharge. METHODS The ceramide profile in the cerebrospinal fluid was determined by mass spectrometry in control subjects and patients with Fisher 3 grade subarachnoid hemorrhage within 48 hours of the bleed. Patients were prospectively followed and subcategorized based on the occurrence of symptomatic vasospasm and modified Rankin Scale at discharge. RESULTS Compared to control subjects, patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage had higher cerebrospinal fluid levels of total ceramide (12.4±8.8 versus 54.6±49.3 pmol/mL; P<0.001). In the subgroup analysis, total ceramide levels in individuals with symptomatic vasospasm (104.2±57.0 pmol/mL) were higher than in those with asymptomatic vasospasm (32.4±25.7 pmol/mL; P=0.006) and no vasospasm (30.9±15.7 pmol/mL; P=0.003). In addition, compared to patients with a good outcome (modified Rankin Scale ≤3), individuals with poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale ≥4) had higher cerebrospinal fluid levels of total ceramide (79±25 versus 23±6 pmol/mL; P=0.008). When the relative contributions of the different ceramide species were calculated, a higher relative concentration of C(18:0) ceramide was observed in individuals with symptomatic vasospasm (P=0.018) and poor outcome (P=0.028). CONCLUSIONS Ceramide profile changes occur in subarachnoid hemorrhage. In this small case-based series elevation of levels of this sphingolipid, particularly C(18:0), was associated with the occurrence of symptomatic vasospasm and poor neurological outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando D Testai
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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30
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Zhang CK, Stein PB, Liu J, Wang Z, Yang R, Cho JH, Gregersen PK, Aerts JMFG, Zhao H, Pastores GM, Mistry PK. Genome-wide association study of N370S homozygous Gaucher disease reveals the candidacy of CLN8 gene as a genetic modifier contributing to extreme phenotypic variation. Am J Hematol 2012; 87:377-83. [PMID: 22388998 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 01/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in GBA1 gene result in defective acid β-glucosidase and the complex phenotype of Gaucher disease (GD) related to the accumulation of glucosylceramide-laden macrophages. The phenotype is highly variable even among patients harboring identical GBA1 mutations. We hypothesize that modifier gene(s) underlie phenotypic diversity in GD and performed a GWAS study in Ashkenazi Jewish patients with type 1 GD (GD1), homozygous for N370S mutation. Patients were assigned to mild, moderate, or severe disease categories using composite disease severity scoring systems. Whole-genome genotyping for >500,000 SNPs was performed to search for association signals using OQLS algorithm in 139 eligible patients. Several SNPs in linkage disequilibrium within the CLN8 gene locus were associated with the GD1 severity: SNP rs11986414 was associated with GD1 severity at P value 1.26 × 10(-6) . Compared to mild disease, risk allele A at rs11986414 conferred an odds ratio of 3.72 for moderate/severe disease. Loss of function mutations in CLN8 causes neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis, but our results indicate that its increased expression may protect against severe GD1. In cultured skin fibroblasts, the relative expression of CLN8 was higher in mild GD compared to severely affected patients, in whom CLN8 risk alleles were overrepresented. In an in vitro cell model of GD, CLN8 expression was increased, which was further enhanced in the presence of bioactive substrate, glucosylsphingosine. Taken together, CLN8 is a candidate modifier gene for GD1 that may function as a protective sphingolipid sensor and/or in glycosphingolipid trafficking. Future studies should explore the role of CLN8 in pathophysiology of GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarence K Zhang
- Keck Biotechnology Laboratory Biostatistics Resource, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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31
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Samygina VR, Popov AN, Cabo-Bilbao A, Ochoa-Lizarralde B, Goni-de-Cerio F, Zhai X, Molotkovsky JG, Patel DJ, Brown RE, Malinina L. Enhanced selectivity for sulfatide by engineered human glycolipid transfer protein. Structure 2012; 19:1644-54. [PMID: 22078563 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human glycolipid transfer protein (GLTP) fold represents a novel structural motif for lipid binding/transfer and reversible membrane translocation. GLTPs transfer glycosphingolipids (GSLs) that are key regulators of cell growth, division, surface adhesion, and neurodevelopment. Herein, we report structure-guided engineering of the lipid binding features of GLTP. New crystal structures of wild-type GLTP and two mutants (D48V and A47D‖D48V), each containing bound N-nervonoyl-sulfatide, reveal the molecular basis for selective anchoring of sulfatide (3-O-sulfo-galactosylceramide) by D48V-GLTP. Directed point mutations of "portal entrance" residues, A47 and D48, reversibly regulate sphingosine access to the hydrophobic pocket via a mechanism that could involve homodimerization. "Door-opening" conformational changes by phenylalanines within the hydrophobic pocket are revealed during lipid encapsulation by new crystal structures of bona fide apo-GLTP and GLTP complexed with N-oleoyl-glucosylceramide. The development of "engineered GLTPs" with enhanced specificity for select GSLs provides a potential new therapeutic approach for targeting GSL-mediated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria R Samygina
- Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio-Bilbao, Spain
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32
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Yuki D, Sugiura Y, Zaima N, Akatsu H, Hashizume Y, Yamamoto T, Fujiwara M, Sugiyama K, Setou M. Hydroxylated and non-hydroxylated sulfatide are distinctly distributed in the human cerebral cortex. Neuroscience 2011; 193:44-53. [PMID: 21802498 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sulfatide (ST) is a sphingolipid with an important role in the central nervous system as a major component of the myelin sheath. ST contains a structurally variable ceramide moiety, with a fatty acid substituent of varying carbon-chain length and double-bond number. Hydroxylation at the α-2 carbon position of the fatty acid is found in half the population of ST molecules. Recent genetic studies of fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H) indicate that these hydroxylated sphingolipids influence myelin sheath stability. However, their distribution is unknown. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) enables the analysis of distinct distributions of individual ST molecular species in tissue section. We examined human cerebral cortex tissue sections with MALDI-IMS, identifying and characterizing the distributions of 14 ST species. The distribution analysis reveals that the composition ratios of non-hydroxylated/hydroxylated STs are clearly reversed at the border between white and gray matter; the hydroxylated group is the dominant ST species in the gray matter. These results suggest that hydroxylated STs are highly expressed in oligodendrocytes in gray matter and might form stable myelin sheaths. As a clinical application, we analyzed a brain with Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a representative neurodegenerative disease. Although previous studies of AD pathology have reported that the amount of total ST is decreased in the cerebral cortex, as far as the compositional distributions of STs are concerned, AD brains were similar to those in control brains. In conclusion, we suggest that MALDI-IMS is a useful tool for analysis of the distributions of various STs and this application might provide novel insight in the clinical study of demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yuki
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan
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33
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Zhao L, Spassieva SD, Jucius TJ, Shultz LD, Shick HE, Macklin WB, Hannun YA, Obeid LM, Ackerman SL. A deficiency of ceramide biosynthesis causes cerebellar purkinje cell neurodegeneration and lipofuscin accumulation. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002063. [PMID: 21625621 PMCID: PMC3098191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids, lipids with a common sphingoid base (also termed long chain base) backbone, play essential cellular structural and signaling functions. Alterations of sphingolipid levels have been implicated in many diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. However, it remains largely unclear whether sphingolipid changes in these diseases are pathological events or homeostatic responses. Furthermore, how changes in sphingolipid homeostasis shape the progression of aging and neurodegeneration remains to be clarified. We identified two mouse strains, flincher (fln) and toppler (to), with spontaneous recessive mutations that cause cerebellar ataxia and Purkinje cell degeneration. Positional cloning demonstrated that these mutations reside in the Lass1 gene. Lass1 encodes (dihydro)ceramide synthase 1 (CerS1), which is highly expressed in neurons. Both fln and to mutations caused complete loss of CerS1 catalytic activity, which resulted in a reduction in sphingolipid biosynthesis in the brain and dramatic changes in steady-state levels of sphingolipids and sphingoid bases. In addition to Purkinje cell death, deficiency of CerS1 function also induced accumulation of lipofuscin with ubiquitylated proteins in many brain regions. Our results demonstrate clearly that ceramide biosynthesis deficiency can cause neurodegeneration and suggest a novel mechanism of lipofuscin formation, a common phenomenon that occurs during normal aging and in some neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Zhao
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stefka D. Spassieva
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Jucius
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - H. Elizabeth Shick
- Department of Neuroscience, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Wendy B. Macklin
- Department of Neuroscience, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yusuf A. Hannun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lina M. Obeid
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Susan L. Ackerman
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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34
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Wang P, Ju W, Wu D, Wang L, Yan M, Zou J, He B, Jenkins EC, Brown WT, Zhong N. A two-dimensional protein fragmentation-proteomic study of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses: Identification and characterization of differentially expressed proteins. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:304-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Wegrzyn JL, Bark SJ, Funkelstein L, Mosier C, Yap A, Kazemi-Esfarjani P, La Spada AR, Sigurdson C, O'Connor DT, Hook V. Proteomics of dense core secretory vesicles reveal distinct protein categories for secretion of neuroeffectors for cell-cell communication. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:5002-24. [PMID: 20695487 DOI: 10.1021/pr1003104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulated secretion of neurotransmitters and neurohumoral factors from dense core secretory vesicles provides essential neuroeffectors for cell-cell communication in the nervous and endocrine systems. This study provides comprehensive proteomic characterization of the categories of proteins in chromaffin dense core secretory vesicles that participate in cell-cell communication from the adrenal medulla. Proteomic studies were conducted by nano-HPLC Chip MS/MS tandem mass spectrometry. Results demonstrate that these secretory vesicles contain proteins of distinct functional categories consisting of neuropeptides and neurohumoral factors, protease systems, neurotransmitter enzymes and transporters, receptors, enzymes for biochemical processes, reduction/oxidation regulation, ATPases, protein folding, lipid biochemistry, signal transduction, exocytosis, calcium regulation, as well as structural and cell adhesion proteins. The secretory vesicle proteomic data identified 371 proteins in the soluble fraction and 384 membrane proteins, for a total of 686 distinct secretory vesicle proteins. Notably, these proteomic analyses illustrate the presence of several neurological disease-related proteins in these secretory vesicles, including huntingtin interacting protein, cystatin C, ataxin 7, and prion protein. Overall, these findings demonstrate that multiple protein categories participate in dense core secretory vesicles for production, storage, and secretion of bioactive neuroeffectors for cell-cell communication in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill L Wegrzyn
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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36
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Getty AL, Pearce DA. Interactions of the proteins of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: clues to function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 68:453-74. [PMID: 20680390 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) are caused by mutations in eight different genes, are characterized by lysosomal accumulation of autofluorescent storage material, and result in a disease that causes degeneration of the central nervous system (CNS). Although functions are defined for some of the soluble proteins that are defective in NCL (cathepsin D, PPT1, and TPP1), the primary function of the other proteins defective in NCLs (CLN3, CLN5, CLN6, CLN7, and CLN8) remain poorly defined. Understanding the localization and network of interactions for these proteins can offer clues as to the function of the NCL proteins and also the pathways that will be disrupted in their absence. Here, we present a review of the current understanding of the localization, interactions, and function of the proteins associated with NCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Getty
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research USD, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, 2301 East 60th Street North, Sioux Falls, SD 57104-0589, USA
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37
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van Zyl R, Gieselmann V, Eckhardt M. Elevated sulfatide levels in neurons cause lethal audiogenic seizures in mice. J Neurochem 2010; 112:282-95. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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38
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Trimbuch T, Beed P, Vogt J, Schuchmann S, Maier N, Kintscher M, Breustedt J, Schuelke M, Streu N, Kieselmann O, Brunk I, Laube G, Strauss U, Battefeld A, Wende H, Birchmeier C, Wiese S, Sendtner M, Kawabe H, Kishimoto-Suga M, Brose N, Baumgart J, Geist B, Aoki J, Savaskan NE, Bräuer AU, Chun J, Ninnemann O, Schmitz D, Nitsch R. Synaptic PRG-1 modulates excitatory transmission via lipid phosphate-mediated signaling. Cell 2009; 138:1222-35. [PMID: 19766573 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plasticity related gene-1 (PRG-1) is a brain-specific membrane protein related to lipid phosphate phosphatases, which acts in the hippocampus specifically at the excitatory synapse terminating on glutamatergic neurons. Deletion of prg-1 in mice leads to epileptic seizures and augmentation of EPSCs, but not IPSCs. In utero electroporation of PRG-1 into deficient animals revealed that PRG-1 modulates excitation at the synaptic junction. Mutation of the extracellular domain of PRG-1 crucial for its interaction with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) abolished the ability to prevent hyperexcitability. As LPA application in vitro induced hyperexcitability in wild-type but not in LPA(2) receptor-deficient animals, and uptake of phospholipids is reduced in PRG-1-deficient neurons, we assessed PRG-1/LPA(2) receptor-deficient animals, and found that the pathophysiology observed in the PRG-1-deficient mice was fully reverted. Thus, we propose PRG-1 as an important player in the modulatory control of hippocampal excitability dependent on presynaptic LPA(2) receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Trimbuch
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology and NeuroCure, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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39
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Kuronen M, Talvitie M, Lehesjoki AE, Myllykangas L. Genetic modifiers of degeneration in the cathepsin D deficient Drosophila model for neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Neurobiol Dis 2009; 36:488-93. [PMID: 19761846 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are pediatric, neurodegenerative, lysosomal storage disorders. Mutations in cathepsin D result in the most severe, congenital form of NCLs. We have previously generated a cathepsin D deficient Drosophila model, which exhibits the key features of NCLs: progressive intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent storage material and modest neurodegeneration in the brain areas related to visual functions. Here we extend the phenotypic characterization of cathepsin D deficient Drosophila and report that modest degenerative changes are also present in their retinae. Furthermore, by utilizing this phenotype, we examined the possible effect of 17 candidate modifiers, selected based on the results from other cathepsin D deficiency models. We found enhancers of this phenotype that support the involvement of endocytosis-, lipid metabolism- and oxidation-related factors in the cathepsin D deficiency induced degeneration. Our results warrant further investigation of these mechanisms in the pathogenesis of cathepsin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervi Kuronen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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40
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Vantaggiato C, Redaelli F, Falcone S, Perrotta C, Tonelli A, Bondioni S, Morbin M, Riva D, Saletti V, Bonaglia MC, Giorda R, Bresolin N, Clementi E, Bassi MT. A novelCLN8mutation in late-infantile-onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL) reveals aspects of CLN8 neurobiological function. Hum Mutat 2009; 30:1104-16. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.21012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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41
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Jalanko A, Braulke T. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2009; 1793:697-709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Revised: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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42
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43
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Jabs S, Quitsch A, Kkel R, Koch B, Tyynel J, Brade H, Glatzel M, Walkley S, Saftig P, Vanier MT, Braulke T. Accumulation of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate and gangliosides in mouse models of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. J Neurochem 2008; 106:1415-25. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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The Role and Metabolism of Sulfatide in the Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2008; 37:93-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-008-8022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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45
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Ma X, Liu G, Wang S, Chen Z, Lai M, Liu Z, Yang J. Evaluation of sphingolipids changes in brain tissues of rats with pentylenetetrazol-induced kindled seizures using MALDI-TOF-MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 859:170-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2007] [Revised: 09/15/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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Koivusalo M, Jansen M, Somerharju P, Ikonen E. Endocytic trafficking of sphingomyelin depends on its acyl chain length. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:5113-23. [PMID: 17942604 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-04-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the principles of endocytic lipid trafficking, we introduced pyrene sphingomyelins (PyrSMs) with varying acyl chain lengths and domain partitioning properties into human fibroblasts or HeLa cells. We found that a long-chain, ordered-domain preferring PyrSM was targeted Hrs and Tsg101 dependently to late endosomal compartments and recycled to the plasma membrane in an NPC1- and cholesterol-dependent manner. A short-chain, disordered domain preferring PyrSM recycled more effectively, by using Hrs-, Tsg101- and NPC1-independent routing that was insensitive to cholesterol loading. Similar chain length-dependent recycling was observed for unlabeled sphingomyelins (SMs). The findings 1) establish acyl chain length as an important determinant in the endocytic trafficking of SMs, 2) implicate ESCRT complex proteins and NPC1 in the endocytic recycling of ordered domain lipids to the plasma membrane, and 3) introduce long-chain PyrSM as the first fluorescent lipid tracing this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirkka Koivusalo
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy and Institute of Biomedicine/Biochemistry, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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47
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Postle AD, Wilton DC, Hunt AN, Attard GS. Probing phospholipid dynamics by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. Prog Lipid Res 2007; 46:200-24. [PMID: 17540449 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2007.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2007] [Revised: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) have greatly facilitated the analysis of phospholipid molecular species in a growing diversity of biological and clinical settings. The combination of ESI-MS and metabolic labelling employing substrates labelled with stable isotopes is especially exciting, permitting studies of phospholipid synthesis and turnover in vivo. This review will first describe the methodology involved and will then detail dynamic lipidomic studies that have applied the stable isotope incorporation approach. Finally, it will summarise the increasing number of studies that have used ESI-MS to characterise structural and signalling phospholipid molecular species in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Postle
- School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Tafesse FG, Huitema K, Hermansson M, van der Poel S, van den Dikkenberg J, Uphoff A, Somerharju P, Holthuis JCM. Both sphingomyelin synthases SMS1 and SMS2 are required for sphingomyelin homeostasis and growth in human HeLa cells. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:17537-47. [PMID: 17449912 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m702423200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) is a vital component of cellular membranes in organisms ranging from mammals to protozoa. Its production involves the transfer of phosphocholine from phosphatidylcholine to ceramide, yielding diacylglycerol in the process. The mammalian genome encodes two known SM synthase (SMS) isoforms, SMS1 and SMS2. However, the relative contributions of these enzymes to SM production in mammalian cells remained to be established. Here we show that SMS1 and SMS2 are co-expressed in a variety of cell types and function as the key Golgi- and plasma membrane-associated SM synthases in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells, respectively. RNA interference-mediated depletion of either SMS1 or SMS2 caused a substantial decrease in SM production levels, an accumulation of ceramides, and a block in cell growth. Although SMS-depleted cells displayed a reduced SM content, external addition of SM did not restore growth. These results indicate that the biological role of SM synthases goes beyond formation of SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikadu Geta Tafesse
- Department of Membrane Enzymology, Bijvoet Center and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Persaud-Sawin DA, Mousallem T, Wang C, Zucker A, Kominami E, Boustany RMN. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: a common pathway? Pediatr Res 2007; 61:146-52. [PMID: 17237713 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e31802d8a4a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses are pediatric neurodegenerative diseases with common clinical features. Of the nine clinical variants (CLN1-CLN9), six have been genetically identified. Most variants manifest cell death and dysregulated sphingolipid metabolism, suggesting the proteins defective in these disorders may interact along one pathway. NCL patient-derived cell lines exhibit cell growth and apoptotic defects that reverse following transfection with the wild-type gene. The membrane-bound proteins CLN3, CLN6, and CLN8 complement each other, as do CLN1 and CLN2 proteins, with respect to growth and apoptosis. The CLN2 protein also corrects growth and apoptosis in CLN3-, CLN6-, and CLN8-deficient cell lines. Neither CLN1-deficient nor CLN2-deficient growth defects are corrected by CLN3, CLN6, and CLN8 proteins. CLN2, CLN3, CLN6, and CLN8 proteins co-immunoprecipitate and co-localize to early and/or recycling endosomes and lipid rafts. Additionally, CLN2p and CLN1p co-immunoprecipitate. The work presented supports interactions between NCL proteins occurring at multiple points along one pathway.
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Striano P, Specchio N, Biancheri R, Cannelli N, Simonati A, Cassandrini D, Rossi A, Bruno C, Fusco L, Gaggero R, Vigevano F, Bertini E, Zara F, Santorelli FM, Striano S. Clinical and electrophysiological features of epilepsy in Italian patients with CLN8 mutations. Epilepsy Behav 2007; 10:187-91. [PMID: 17129765 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2006.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2006] [Revised: 10/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are characterized by epilepsy, visual failure, psychomotor deterioration, and accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigment. CLN8 mutations result in Northern epilepsy and Turkish variant late infantile NCL. We describe the clinical and neurophysiological findings of three patients with CLN8 mutations from Italy. In these patients, the onset of epilepsy occurred between 3 and 6 years of age, with myoclonic, tonic-clonic, and atypical absence seizures. Electroencephalograms revealed focal and/or generalized abnormalities. In all cases, blindness and progressive attenuation of the electroretinogram were observed. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, thinning of the corpus callosum, deep white matter hyperintensity, and hyperintensity of the posterior limb of internal capsules. Skin biopsy revealed lysosomal storage in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts. The clinical picture of our cases resembles that of the Turkish patients and clearly differs from that of Northern epilepsy, which is marked by a prolonged course without myoclonus and visual loss. Definition of the clinical spectrum of this condition will aid in its recognition and have implications for diagnosis and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Striano
- Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Institute "G. Gaslini," University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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