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Shastri D, Raj V, Lee S. Revolutionizing Alzheimer's treatment: Harnessing human serum albumin for targeted drug delivery and therapy advancements. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102379. [PMID: 38901740 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder initiated by amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation, leading to impaired cognitive function. Several delivery approaches have been improved for AD management. Among them, human serum albumin (HSA) is broadly employed for drug delivery and targeting the Aβ in AD owing to its biocompatibility, Aβ inhibitory effect, and nanoform, which showed blood-brain barrier (BBB) crossing ability via glycoprotein 60 (gp60) receptor and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) protein to transfer the drug molecules in the brain. Thus far, there is no previous review focusing on HSA and its drug delivery system in AD. Hence, the reviewed article aimed to critically compile the HSA therapeutic as well as drug delivery role in AD management. It also delivers information on how HSA-incorporated nanoparticles with surfaced embedded ligands such as TAT, GM1, and so on, not only improve BBB permeability but also increase neuron cell targetability in AD brain. Additionally, Aβ and tau pathology, including various metabolic markers likely BACE1 and BACE2, etc., are discussed. Besides, the molecular interaction of HSA with Aβ and its distinctive forms are critically reviewed that HSA can segregate Zn(II) and Cu(II) metal ions from Aβ owing to high affinity. Furthermore, the BBB drug delivery challenges in AD are addressed. Finally, the clinical formulation of HSA for the management of AD is critically discussed on how the HSA inhibits Aβ oligomer and fibril, while glycated HSA participates in amyloid plaque formation, i.e., β-structure sheet formation. This review report provides theoretical background on HSA-based AD drug delivery and makes suggestions for future prospect-related work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Shastri
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, the Republic of Korea
| | - Vinit Raj
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea.
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2
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Ionel CS, Mahjoub M, Matar TL. Aβ-protein polymerization in Alzheimer disease: Optimal control for nucleation parameter estimation. J Theor Biol 2024; 589:111814. [PMID: 38677530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2024.111814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we are interested in the modeling of Alzheimer's disease from the angle of the amyloid cascade hypothesis, where the pathogenic agent is the Aβ protein in its oligomeric form. The formation dynamics of this pathogenic form is modeled by a Becker-Doring type model where APP (Amyloid Precursor Protein) protein, after cleavage by specific enzymes, forms monomeric Aβ proteins, which, by polymerization and/or nucleation, lead to the formation of oligomeric Aβ. We propose an optimal control problem to estimate the rate of nucleation which seems to be at the base of this amyloid cascade hypothesis and for which no (experimental) measurement exists for the moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciuperca S Ionel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5208, Institut Camille Jordan, F-69603 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Moncef Mahjoub
- University of Tunis El Manar, National Engineers School of Tunis, B.P. 37, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Tine Léon Matar
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5208, Inria Lyon, Institut Camille Jordan, F-69603 Villeurbanne, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5208, Institut Camille Jordan, F-69603 Villeurbanne, France.
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3
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Qarawani A, Naaman E, Ben-Zvi Elimelech R, Harel M, Itzkovich C, Safuri S, Dahan N, Henkin J, Zayit-Soudry S. PEDF-derived peptide protects against Amyloid-β toxicity in vitro and prevents retinal dysfunction in rats. Exp Eye Res 2024; 242:109861. [PMID: 38522635 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ), a family of aggregation-prone and neurotoxic peptides, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We have previously shown that oligomeric and fibrillar species of Aβ42 exerted retinal toxicity in rats, but while the consequences of exposure to amyloid were related to intracellular effects, the mechanism of Aβ42 internalization in the retina is not well characterized. In the brain, the 67 kDa laminin receptor (67LR) participates in Aβ-related neuronal cell death. A short peptide derived from pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), formerly designated PEDF-335, was found to mitigate experimental models of ischemic retinopathy via targeting of 67LR. In the present study, we hypothesized that 67LR mediates the uptake of pathogenic Aβ42 assemblies in the retina, and that targeting of this receptor by PEDF-335 may limit the internalization of Aβ, thereby ameliorating its retinotoxicity. To test this assumption ARPE-19 cells in culture were incubated with PEDF-335 before treatment with fibrillar or oligomeric structures of Aβ42. Immunostaining confirmed that PEDF-335 treatment substantially prevented amyloid internalization into ARPE-19 cells and maintained their viability in the presence of toxic oligomeric and fibrillar Aβ42 entities in vitro. FRET competition assay was performed and confirmed the binding of PEDF-335 to 67LR in RPE-like cells. Wild-type rats were treated with intravitreal PEDF-335 in the experimental eye 2 days prior to administration of retinotoxic Aβ42 oligomers or fibrils to both eyes. Retinal function was assessed by electroretinography through 6 weeks post injection. The ERG responses in rats treated with oligomeric or fibrillar Aβ42 assemblies were near-normal in eyes previously treated with intravitreal PEDF-335, whereas those measured in the control eyes treated with injection of the Aβ42 assemblies alone showed pathologic attenuation of the retinal function through 6 weeks. The retinal presence of 67LR was determined ex vivo by immunostaining and western blotting. Retinal staining demonstrated the constitutional expression of 67LR mainly in the retinal nuclear layers. In the presence of Aβ42, the levels of 67LR were increased, although its retinal distribution remained largely unaltered. In contrast, no apparent differences in the retinal expression level of 67LR were noted following exposure to PEDF-335 alone, and its pattern of localization in the retina remained similarly concentrated primarily in the inner and outer nuclear layers. In summary, we found that PEDF-335 confers protection against Aβ42-mediated retinal toxicity, with significant effects noted in cells as well as in vivo in rats. The effects of PEDF-335 in the retina are potentially mediated via binding to 67LR and by at least partial inhibition of Aβ42 internalization. These results suggest that PEDF-335 may merit further consideration in the development of targeted inhibition of amyloid-related toxicity in the retina. More broadly, our observations provide evidence on the importance of extracellular versus intracellular Aβ42 in the retina and suggest concepts on the molecular mechanism of Aβ retinal pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Qarawani
- Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Efrat Naaman
- Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rony Ben-Zvi Elimelech
- Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal Harel
- Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Chen Itzkovich
- Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shadi Safuri
- Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nitsan Dahan
- Life Sciences and Engineering (LS&E) Infrastructure Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jack Henkin
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Shiri Zayit-Soudry
- Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
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4
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Agha MM, Aziziyan F, Uversky VN. Each big journey starts with a first step: Importance of oligomerization. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 206:111-141. [PMID: 38811079 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Protein oligomers, widely found in nature, have significant physiological and pathological functions. They are classified into three groups based on their function and toxicity. Significant advancements are being achieved in the development of functional oligomers, with a focus on various applications and their engineering. The antimicrobial peptides oligomers play roles in death of bacterial and cancer cells. The predominant pathogenic species in neurodegenerative disorders, as shown by recent results, are amyloid oligomers, which are the main subject of this chapter. They are generated throughout the aggregation process, serving as both intermediates in the subsequent aggregation pathways and ultimate products. Some of them may possess potent cytotoxic properties and through diverse mechanisms cause cellular impairment, and ultimately, the death of cells and disease progression. Information regarding their structure, formation mechanism, and toxicity is limited due to their inherent instability and structural variability. This chapter aims to provide a concise overview of the current knowledge regarding amyloid oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Mirza Agha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Aziziyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Pushchino, Moscow, Russia; Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United Staes.
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Sharma M, Choudhury S, Babu A, Gupta V, Sengupta D, Ali SA, Dhokne MD, Datusalia AK, Mandal D, Panda JJ. Futuristic Alzheimer's therapy: acoustic-stimulated piezoelectric nanospheres for amyloid reduction. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:1801-1821. [PMID: 38407241 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01688a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The degeneration of neurons due to the accumulation of misfolded amyloid aggregates in the central nervous system (CNS) is a fundamental neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is believed that dislodging/clearing these amyloid aggregates from the neuronal tissues could lead to a potential cure for AD. In the present work, we explored biocompatible polydopamine-coated piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (DPVDF) nanospheres as acoustic stimulus-triggered anti-fibrillating and anti-amyloid agents. The nanospheres were tested against two model amyloidogenic peptides, including the reductionist model-based amyloidogenic dipeptide, diphenylalanine, and the amyloid polypeptide, amyloid beta (Aβ42). Our results revealed that DPVDF nanospheres could effectively disassemble the model peptide-derived amyloid fibrils under suitable acoustic stimulation. In vitro studies also showed that the stimulus activated DPVDF nanospheres could efficiently alleviate the neurotoxicity of FF fibrils as exemplified in neuroblastoma, SHSY5Y, cells. Studies carried out in animal models further validated that the nanospheres could dislodge amyloid aggregates in vivo and also help the animals regain their cognitive behavior. Thus, these acoustic stimuli-activated nanospheres could serve as a novel class of disease-modifying nanomaterials for non-invasive electro-chemotherapy of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Sharma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali-140306, Punjab, India.
| | - Samraggi Choudhury
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali-140306, Punjab, India.
| | - Anand Babu
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali-140306, Punjab, India.
| | - Varun Gupta
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali-140306, Punjab, India.
| | - Dipanjan Sengupta
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali-140306, Punjab, India.
| | - Syed Afroz Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli-226002, UP, India
| | - Mrunali D Dhokne
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli-226002, UP, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Datusalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli-226002, UP, India
| | - Dipankar Mandal
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali-140306, Punjab, India.
| | - Jiban Jyoti Panda
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali-140306, Punjab, India.
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6
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Liu P, Lapcinski IP, Hlynialuk CJ, Steuer EL, Loude TJ, Shapiro SL, Kemper LJ, Ashe KH. Aβ∗56 is a stable oligomer that impairs memory function in mice. iScience 2024; 27:109239. [PMID: 38433923 PMCID: PMC10905009 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers consist of fibrillar and non-fibrillar soluble assemblies of the Aβ peptide. Aβ∗56 is a non-fibrillar Aβ assembly that is linked to memory deficits. Previous studies did not decipher specific forms of Aβ present in Aβ∗56. Here, we confirmed the memory-impairing characteristics of Aβ∗56 and extended its biochemical characterization. We used anti-Aβ(1-x), anti-Aβ(x-40), anti-Aβ(x-42), and A11 anti-oligomer antibodies in conjunction with western blotting, immunoaffinity purification, and size-exclusion chromatography to probe aqueous brain extracts from Tg2576, 5xFAD, and APP/TTA mice. In Tg2576, Aβ∗56 is a ∼56-kDa, SDS-stable, A11-reactive, non-plaque-dependent, water-soluble, brain-derived oligomer containing canonical Aβ(1-40). In 5xFAD, Aβ∗56 is composed of Aβ(1-42), whereas in APP/TTA, it contains both Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-42). When injected into the hippocampus of wild-type mice, Aβ∗56 derived from Tg2576 mice impairs memory. The unusual stability of this oligomer renders it an attractive candidate for studying relationships between molecular structure and effects on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ian P. Lapcinski
- N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Chris J.W. Hlynialuk
- N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Elizabeth L. Steuer
- N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Thomas J. Loude
- N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Samantha L. Shapiro
- N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Lisa J. Kemper
- N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Karen H. Ashe
- N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Rinauro DJ, Chiti F, Vendruscolo M, Limbocker R. Misfolded protein oligomers: mechanisms of formation, cytotoxic effects, and pharmacological approaches against protein misfolding diseases. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:20. [PMID: 38378578 PMCID: PMC10877934 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The conversion of native peptides and proteins into amyloid aggregates is a hallmark of over 50 human disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Increasing evidence implicates misfolded protein oligomers produced during the amyloid formation process as the primary cytotoxic agents in many of these devastating conditions. In this review, we analyze the processes by which oligomers are formed, their structures, physicochemical properties, population dynamics, and the mechanisms of their cytotoxicity. We then focus on drug discovery strategies that target the formation of oligomers and their ability to disrupt cell physiology and trigger degenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon J Rinauro
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Fabrizio Chiti
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Ryan Limbocker
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, 10996, USA.
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Karimi Tari P, Parsons CG, Collingridge GL, Rammes G. Memantine: Updating a rare success story in pro-cognitive therapeutics. Neuropharmacology 2024; 244:109737. [PMID: 37832633 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The great potential for NMDA receptor modulators as druggable targets in neurodegenerative disorders has been met with limited success. Considered one of the rare exceptions, memantine has consistently demonstrated restorative and prophylactic properties in many AD models. In clinical trials memantine slows the decline in cognitive performance associated with AD. Here, we provide an overview of the basic properties including pharmacological targets, toxicology and cellular effects of memantine. Evidence demonstrating reductions in molecular, physiological and behavioural indices of AD-like impairments associated with memantine treatment are also discussed. This represents both an extension and homage to Dr. Chris Parson's considerable contributions to our fundamental understanding of a success story in the AD treatment landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Karimi Tari
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Chris G Parsons
- Galimedix Therapeutics, Inc., 2704 Calvend Lane, Kensington, 20895, MD, USA
| | - Graham L Collingridge
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; TANZ Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Gerhard Rammes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine of the Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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Jang C, Portugal Barron D, Duo L, Ma C, Seabaugh H, Guo Z. EPR Studies of Aβ42 Oligomers Indicate a Parallel In-Register β-Sheet Structure. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:86-97. [PMID: 38109787 PMCID: PMC10767747 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aβ aggregation leads to the formation of both insoluble amyloid fibrils and soluble oligomers. Understanding the structures of Aβ oligomers is important for delineating the mechanism of Aβ aggregation and developing effective therapeutics. Here, we use site-directed spin labeling and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to study Aβ42 oligomers prepared by using the protocol of Aβ-derived diffusible ligands. We obtained the EPR spectra of 37 Aβ42 oligomer samples, each spin-labeled at a unique residue position of the Aβ42 sequence. Analysis of the disordered EPR components shows that the N-terminal region has a lower local structural stability. Spin label mobility analysis reveals three structured segments at residues 9-11, 15-22, and 30-40. Intermolecular spin-spin interactions indicate a parallel in-register β-sheet structure, with residues 34-38 forming the structural core. Residues 16-21 also adopt the parallel in-register β-structure, albeit with weaker intermolecular packing. Our results suggest that there is a structural class of Aβ oligomers that adopt fibril-like conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Jang
- Department of Neurology,
Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Diana Portugal Barron
- Department of Neurology,
Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Lan Duo
- Department of Neurology,
Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Christine Ma
- Department of Neurology,
Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hanna Seabaugh
- Department of Neurology,
Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zhefeng Guo
- Department of Neurology,
Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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10
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Guan Y, Li Y, Gao W, Mei J, Xu W, Wang C, Ai H. Aggregation Dynamics Characteristics of Seven Different Aβ Oligomeric Isoforms-Dependence on the Interfacial Interaction. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:155-168. [PMID: 38109178 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides has been confirmed to be associated with the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among the three phases of Aβ aggregation, the lag phase has been considered to be the best time for early Aβ pathological deposition clinical intervention and prevention for potential patients with normal cognition. Aβ peptide exists in various lengths in vivo, and Aβ oligomer in the early lag phase is neurotoxic but polymorphous and metastable, depending on Aβ length (isoform), molecular weight, and specific phase, and therefore hardly characterized experimentally. To cope with the problem, molecular dynamics simulation was used to investigate the aggregation process of five monomers for each of the seven common Aβ isoforms during the lag phase. Results showed that Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-38) monomers aggregated faster than their truncated analogues Aβ(4-40) and Aβ(4-38), respectively. However, the aggregation rate of Aβ(1-42) was slower than that of its truncated analogues Aβ(4-42) rather than that of Aβpe(3-42). More importantly, Aβ(1-38) is first predicted as more likely to form stable hexamer than the remaining five Aβ isoforms, as Aβ(1-42) does. It is hydrophobic interaction mainly (>50%) from the interfacial β1 and β2 regions of two reactants, pentamer and monomer, aggregated by Aβ(1-38)/Aβ(1-42) rather than by other Aβ isoforms, that drives the hexamer stably as a result of the formation of the effective hydrophobic collapse. This paper provides new insights into the aggregation characteristics of Aβ with different lengths and the conditions necessary for Aβ to form oligomers with a high molecular weight in the early lag phase, revealing the dependence of Aβ hexamer formation on the specific interfacial interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvning Guan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Wenqi Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Jinfei Mei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Wen Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Chuanbo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Hongqi Ai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
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11
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Yeh CT, Chang HW, Hsu WH, Huang SJ, Wu MH, Tu LH, Lee MC, Chan JCC. Beta Amyloid Oligomers with Higher Cytotoxicity have Higher Sidechain Dynamics. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301879. [PMID: 37706579 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The underlying biophysical principle governing the cytotoxicity of the oligomeric aggregates of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides has long been an enigma. Here we show that the size of Aβ40 oligomers can be actively controlled by incubating the peptides in reverse micelles. Our approach allowed for the first time a detailed comparison of the structures and dynamics of two Aβ40 oligomers of different sizes, viz., 10 and 23 nm, by solid-state NMR. From the chemical shift data, we infer that the conformation and/or the chemical environments of the residues from K16 to K28 are different between the 10-nm and 23-nm oligomers. We find that the 10-nm oligomers are more cytotoxic, and the molecular motion of the sidechain of its charged residue K16 is more dynamic. Interestingly, the residue A21 exhibits unusually high structural rigidity. Our data raise an interesting possibility that the cytotoxicity of Aβ40 oligomers could also be correlated to the motional dynamics of the sidechains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Tsen Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Han-Wen Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jong Huang
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Ting-Chow Road, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Hsien Tu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Ting-Chow Road, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jerry Chun Chung Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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12
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Faridi N, Sanjari-Pour M, Wang P, Bathaie SZ. The Effect of Ultrasonication on the Fibrillar/ Oligomeric Structures of Aβ 1-42 at Different Concentrations. Protein J 2023; 42:575-585. [PMID: 37634212 PMCID: PMC10480282 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The number of disease states linked the aberrant regular protein conformations to oligomers and amyloid fibrils. Amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ1-42) peptide is very hydrophobic and quickly forms the β-rich structure and fibrillar protein aggregates in some solutions and buffer conditions. Ultrasonication pulses can disrupt amyloid fibrils to smaller fragments and produce Aβ1-42 peptides of different sizes and oligomers. Herein, we investigated the effects of buffer and ultrasonication on Aβ1-42 structure at low and high concentrations. After ultrasonication, the Western blot results showed that Aβ1-42 fibrils were disaggregated into different sizes. The transmission electron microscopy results indicated Aβ1-42 at low concentration (25 µM) in Ham's/F12 phenol red-free culture medium formed short-size fragments and oligomers. In comparison, Aβ1-42 at higher concentration (100 µM) formed fibrils that break down into smaller fragments after ultrasonication. However, after regrowth, it formed mature fibrils again. Cell viability assay indicated that Aβ1-42 oligomers formed at a low concentration (25 µM) were more toxic to PC12 cells than other forms. In conclusion, by applying ultrasonication pulses and controlling peptide concentration and buffer condition, we can rich Aβ1-42 aggregates with a particular size and molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassim Faridi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box. 14115-133, Tehran, Iran
- Institute for Natural Products and Medicinal Plants, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sanjari-Pour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box. 14115-133, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - S Zahra Bathaie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box. 14115-133, Tehran, Iran.
- Institute for Natural Products and Medicinal Plants, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
- UCLA-DOE Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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13
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Berntsson E, Vosough F, Noormägi A, Padari K, Asplund F, Gielnik M, Paul S, Jarvet J, Tõugu V, Roos PM, Kozak M, Gräslund A, Barth A, Pooga M, Palumaa P, Wärmländer SKTS. Characterization of Uranyl (UO 22+) Ion Binding to Amyloid Beta (Aβ) Peptides: Effects on Aβ Structure and Aggregation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:2618-2633. [PMID: 37487115 PMCID: PMC10401651 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Uranium (U) is naturally present in ambient air, water, and soil, and depleted uranium (DU) is released into the environment via industrial and military activities. While the radiological damage from U is rather well understood, less is known about the chemical damage mechanisms, which dominate in DU. Heavy metal exposure is associated with numerous health conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent age-related cause of dementia. The pathological hallmark of AD is the deposition of amyloid plaques, consisting mainly of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides aggregated into amyloid fibrils in the brain. However, the toxic species in AD are likely oligomeric Aβ aggregates. Exposure to heavy metals such as Cd, Hg, Mn, and Pb is known to increase Aβ production, and these metals bind to Aβ peptides and modulate their aggregation. The possible effects of U in AD pathology have been sparsely studied. Here, we use biophysical techniques to study in vitro interactions between Aβ peptides and uranyl ions, UO22+, of DU. We show for the first time that uranyl ions bind to Aβ peptides with affinities in the micromolar range, induce structural changes in Aβ monomers and oligomers, and inhibit Aβ fibrillization. This suggests a possible link between AD and U exposure, which could be further explored by cell, animal, and epidemiological studies. General toxic mechanisms of uranyl ions could be modulation of protein folding, misfolding, and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Berntsson
- Chemistry
Section, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm
University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn
University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Faraz Vosough
- Chemistry
Section, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm
University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andra Noormägi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn
University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kärt Padari
- Institute
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University
of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Fanny Asplund
- Chemistry
Section, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm
University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maciej Gielnik
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus
University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Suman Paul
- Chemistry
Section, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm
University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jüri Jarvet
- Chemistry
Section, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm
University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- CellPept
Sweden AB, Kvarngatan
10B, 118 47 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vello Tõugu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn
University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Per M. Roos
- Institute
of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- University
Healthcare Unit of Capio St. Göran Hospital, 112 81 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maciej Kozak
- Department
of Biomedical Physics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Poznań, Poland
- SOLARIS
National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, Jagiellonian
University, 31-007 Kraków, Poland
| | - Astrid Gräslund
- Chemistry
Section, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm
University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- CellPept
Sweden AB, Kvarngatan
10B, 118 47 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Barth
- Chemistry
Section, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm
University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margus Pooga
- Institute
of Technology, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Peep Palumaa
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn
University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Sebastian K. T. S. Wärmländer
- Chemistry
Section, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm
University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- CellPept
Sweden AB, Kvarngatan
10B, 118 47 Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Kreutzer AG, Guaglianone G, Yoo S, Parrocha CMT, Ruttenberg SM, Malonis RJ, Tong K, Lin YF, Nguyen JT, Howitz WJ, Diab MN, Hamza IL, Lai JR, Wysocki VH, Nowick JS. Probing differences among Aβ oligomers with two triangular trimers derived from Aβ. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219216120. [PMID: 37216514 PMCID: PMC10235986 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219216120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) to form oligomers and fibrils is closely associated with the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Aβ is a shape-shifting peptide capable of adopting many conformations and folds within the multitude of oligomers and fibrils the peptide forms. These properties have precluded detailed structural elucidation and biological characterization of homogeneous, well-defined Aβ oligomers. In this paper, we compare the structural, biophysical, and biological characteristics of two different covalently stabilized isomorphic trimers derived from the central and C-terminal regions Aβ. X-ray crystallography reveals the structures of the trimers and shows that each trimer forms a ball-shaped dodecamer. Solution-phase and cell-based studies demonstrate that the two trimers exhibit markedly different assembly and biological properties. One trimer forms small soluble oligomers that enter cells through endocytosis and activate capase-3/7-mediated apoptosis, while the other trimer forms large insoluble aggregates that accumulate on the outer plasma membrane and elicit cellular toxicity through an apoptosis-independent mechanism. The two trimers also exhibit different effects on the aggregation, toxicity, and cellular interaction of full-length Aβ, with one trimer showing a greater propensity to interact with Aβ than the other. The studies described in this paper indicate that the two trimers share structural, biophysical, and biological characteristics with oligomers of full-length Aβ. The varying structural, assembly, and biological characteristics of the two trimers provide a working model for how different Aβ trimers can assemble and lead to different biological effects, which may help shed light on the differences among Aβ oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam G. Kreutzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92697
| | | | - Stan Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92697
| | | | | | - Ryan J. Malonis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461
| | - Karen Tong
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461
| | - Yu-Fu Lin
- Resource for Native Mass Spectrometry Guided Structural Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
| | - Jennifer T. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92697
| | - William J. Howitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92697
| | - Michelle N. Diab
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92697
| | - Imane L. Hamza
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92697
| | - Jonathan R. Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461
| | - Vicki H. Wysocki
- Resource for Native Mass Spectrometry Guided Structural Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
| | - James S. Nowick
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92697
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92697
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15
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Wolfram M, Tiwari MK, Hassenkam T, Li M, Bjerrum MJ, Meldal M. Cascade autohydrolysis of Alzheimer's Aβ peptides. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4986-4996. [PMID: 37206405 PMCID: PMC10189894 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06668h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein/peptide self-assembly into amyloid structures associates with major neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Soluble assemblies (oligomers) of the Aβ peptide and their aggregates are perceived as neurotoxic species in AD. While screening for synthetic cleavage agents that could break down such aberrant assemblies through hydrolysis, we observed that the assemblies of Aβ oligopeptides, containing the nucleation sequence Aβ14-24 (H14QKLVFFAEDV24), could act as cleavage agents by themselves. Autohydrolysis showed a common fragment fingerprint among various mutated Aβ14-24 oligopeptides, Aβ12-25-Gly and Aβ1-28, and full-length Aβ1-40/42, under physiologically relevant conditions. Primary endoproteolytic autocleavage at the Gln15-Lys16, Lys16-Leu17 and Phe19-Phe20 positions was followed by subsequent exopeptidase self-processing of the fragments. Control experiments with homologous d-amino acid enantiomers Aβ12-25-Gly and Aβ16-25-Gly showed the same autocleavage pattern under similar reaction conditions. The autohydrolytic cascade reaction (ACR) was resilient to a broad range of conditions (20-37 °C, 10-150 μM peptide concentration at pH 7.0-7.8). Evidently, assemblies of the primary autocleavage fragments acted as structural/compositional templates (autocatalysts) for self-propagating autohydrolytic processing at the Aβ16-21 nucleation site, showing the potential for cross-catalytic seeding of the ACR in larger Aβ isoforms (Aβ1-28 and Aβ1-40/42). This result may shed new light on Aβ behaviour in solution and might be useful in the development of intervention strategies to decompose or inhibit neurotoxic Aβ assemblies in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wolfram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Denmark +45 27202355 +45 21308299
| | - Manish K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Denmark +45 27202355 +45 21308299
| | - Tue Hassenkam
- Globe Institute, Section for Geobiology, Copenhagen University Øster Voldgade 5-7 1350 Copenhagen K Denmark
| | - Ming Li
- Technical University of Denmark, The Danish Hydrocarbon Research and Technology Centre Elektrovej, 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Morten J Bjerrum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Denmark +45 27202355 +45 21308299
| | - Morten Meldal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Denmark +45 27202355 +45 21308299
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16
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Liu P, Lapcinski IP, Shapiro SL, Kemper LJ, Ashe KH. Aβ*56 is a stable oligomer that correlates with age-related memory loss in Tg2576 mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.20.533414. [PMID: 36993768 PMCID: PMC10055265 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.20.533414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers consist of fibrillar and non-fibrillar soluble assemblies of the Aβ peptide. Tg2576 human amyloid precursor protein (APP)-expressing transgenic mice modeling Alzheimer's disease produce Aβ*56, a non-fibrillar Aβ assembly that has been shown by several groups to relate more closely to memory deficits than plaques. Previous studies did not decipher specific forms of Aβ present in Aβ*56. Here, we confirm and extend the biochemical characterization of Aβ*56. We used anti-Aβ(1-x), anti-Aβ(x-40), and A11 anti-oligomer antibodies in conjunction with western blotting, immunoaffinity purification, and size-exclusion chromatography to probe aqueous brain extracts from Tg2576 mice of different ages. We found that Aβ*56 is a ∼56-kDa, SDS-stable, A11-reactive, non-plaque-related, water-soluble, brain-derived oligomer containing canonical Aβ(1-40) that correlates with age-related memory loss. The unusual stability of this high molecular-weight oligomer renders it an attractive candidate for studying relationships between molecular structure and effects on brain function.
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17
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Ghosh S, Ali R, Verma S. Aβ-oligomers: A potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124231. [PMID: 36996958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The cascade of amyloid formation relates to multiple complex events at the molecular level. Previous research has established amyloid plaque deposition as the leading cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, detected mainly in aged population. The primary components of the plaques are two alloforms of amyloid-beta (Aβ), Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40 peptides. Recent studies have provided considerable evidence contrary to the previous claim indicating that amyloid-beta oligomers (AβOs) as the main culprit responsible for AD-associated neurotoxicity and pathogenesis. In this review, we have discussed the primary features of AβOs, such as assembly formation, the kinetics of oligomer formation, interactions with various membranes/membrane receptors, the origin of toxicity, and oligomer-specific detection methods. Recently, the discovery of rationally designed antibodies has opened a gateway for using synthesized peptides as a grafting component in the complementarity determining region (CDR) of antibodies. Thus, the Aβ sequence motif or the complementary peptide sequence in the opposite strand of the β-sheet (extracted from the Protein Data Bank: PDB) helps design oligomer-specific inhibitors. The microscopic event responsible for oligomer formation can be targeted, and thus prevention of the overall macroscopic behaviour of the aggregation or the associated toxicity can be achieved. We have carefully reviewed the oligomer formation kinetics and associated parameters. Besides, we have depicted a thorough understanding of how the synthesized peptide inhibitors can impede the early aggregates (oligomers), mature fibrils, monomers, or a mixture of the species. The oligomer-specific inhibitors (peptides or peptide fragments) lack in-depth chemical kinetics and optimization control-based screening. In the present review, we have proposed a hypothesis for effectively screening oligomer-specific inhibitors using the chemical kinetics (determining the kinetic parameters) and optimization control strategy (cost-dependent analysis). Further, it may be possible to implement the structure-kinetic-activity-relationship (SKAR) strategy instead of structure-activity-relationship (SAR) to improve the inhibitor's activity. The controlled optimization of the kinetic parameters and dose usage will be beneficial for narrowing the search window for the inhibitors.
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18
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Berntsson E, Vosough F, Svantesson T, Pansieri J, Iashchishyn IA, Ostojić L, Dong X, Paul S, Jarvet J, Roos PM, Barth A, Morozova-Roche LA, Gräslund A, Wärmländer SKTS. Residue-specific binding of Ni(II) ions influences the structure and aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3341. [PMID: 36849796 PMCID: PMC9971182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. AD brains display deposits of insoluble amyloid plaques consisting mainly of aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, and Aβ oligomers are likely a toxic species in AD pathology. AD patients display altered metal homeostasis, and AD plaques show elevated concentrations of metals such as Cu, Fe, and Zn. Yet, the metal chemistry in AD pathology remains unclear. Ni(II) ions are known to interact with Aβ peptides, but the nature and effects of such interactions are unknown. Here, we use numerous biophysical methods-mainly spectroscopy and imaging techniques-to characterize Aβ/Ni(II) interactions in vitro, for different Aβ variants: Aβ(1-40), Aβ(1-40)(H6A, H13A, H14A), Aβ(4-40), and Aβ(1-42). We show for the first time that Ni(II) ions display specific binding to the N-terminal segment of full-length Aβ monomers. Equimolar amounts of Ni(II) ions retard Aβ aggregation and direct it towards non-structured aggregates. The His6, His13, and His14 residues are implicated as binding ligands, and the Ni(II)·Aβ binding affinity is in the low µM range. The redox-active Ni(II) ions induce formation of dityrosine cross-links via redox chemistry, thereby creating covalent Aβ dimers. In aqueous buffer Ni(II) ions promote formation of beta sheet structure in Aβ monomers, while in a membrane-mimicking environment (SDS micelles) coil-coil helix interactions appear to be induced. For SDS-stabilized Aβ oligomers, Ni(II) ions direct the oligomers towards larger sizes and more diverse (heterogeneous) populations. All of these structural rearrangements may be relevant for the Aβ aggregation processes that are involved in AD brain pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Berntsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Faraz Vosough
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Teodor Svantesson
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Pansieri
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Igor A. Iashchishyn
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lucija Ostojić
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Xiaolin Dong
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suman Paul
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jüri Jarvet
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.177284.f0000 0004 0410 6208The National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Per M. Roos
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels Väg 13, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden ,Department of Clinical Physiology, Capio St. Göran Hospital, St. Göransplan 1, 112 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Barth
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ludmilla A. Morozova-Roche
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Astrid Gräslund
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian K. T. S. Wärmländer
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Chemistry Section, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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The emerging role of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Med Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-023-03026-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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20
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Gui X, Feng S, Li Z, Li Y, Reif B, Shi B, Niu Z. Liquid-liquid phase separation of amyloid-β oligomers modulates amyloid fibrils formation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102926. [PMID: 36682493 PMCID: PMC9974441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) are proposed to instigate and mediate the pathology of Alzheimer's disease, but the mechanisms involved are not clear. In this study, we reported that AβOs can undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to form liquid-like droplets in vitro. We determined that AβOs exhibited an α-helix conformation in a membrane-mimicking environment of SDS. Importantly, SDS is capable of reconfiguring the assembly of different AβOs to induce their LLPS. Moreover, we found that the droplet formation of AβOs was promoted by strong hydrated anions and weak hydrated cations, suggesting that hydrophobic interactions play a key role in mediating phase separation of AβOs. Finally, we observed that LLPS of AβOs can further promote Aβ to form amyloid fibrils, which can be modulated by (-)-epigallocatechin gallate. Our study highlights amyloid oligomers as an important entity involved in protein liquid-to-solid phase transition and reveals the regulatory role of LLPS underlying amyloid protein aggregation, which may be relevant to the pathological process of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Gui
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shuang Feng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zilong Li
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Bernd Reif
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at the Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München (TUM), Garching, Germany; Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China; Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Zheng Niu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China; Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at the Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München (TUM), Garching, Germany.
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21
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Pauly T, Zhang T, Sternke-Hoffmann R, Nagel-Steger L, Willbold D. Differentiation of subnucleus-sized oligomers and nucleation-competent assemblies of the Aβ peptide. Biophys J 2023; 122:269-278. [PMID: 36529991 PMCID: PMC9892607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant feature of Alzheimer's disease is the formation of amyloid deposits in the brain consisting mainly of misfolded derivatives of proteolytic cleavage products of the amyloid precursor protein amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. While high-resolution structures already exist for both the monomer and the amyloid fibril of the Aβ peptide, the mechanism of amyloid formation itself still defies precise characterization. In this study, low and high molecular weight oligomers (LMWOs and HMWOs) were identified by sedimentation velocity analysis, and for the first time, the temporal evolution of oligomer size distributions was correlated with the kinetics of amyloid formation as determined by thioflavin T-binding studies. LMWOs of subnucleus size contain fewer than seven monomer units and exist alongside a heterogeneous group of HMWOs with 20-160 monomer units that represent potential centers of nucleus formation due to high local monomer concentrations. These HMWOs already have slightly increased β-strand content and appear structurally similar regardless of size, as shown by examination with a range of fluorescent dyes. Once fibril nuclei are formed, the monomer concentration begins to decrease, followed by a decrease in oligomer concentration, starting with LMWOs, which are the least stable species. The observed behavior classifies the two LMWOs as off pathway. In contrast, we consider HMWOs to be on-pathway, prefibrillar intermediates, representing structures in which nucleated conformational conversion is facilitated by high local concentrations. Aβ40 and Aβ42 M35ox take much longer to form nuclei and enter the growth phase than Aβ42 under identical reaction conditions, presumably because both the size and the concentration of HMWOs formed are much smaller.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pauly
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Luitgard Nagel-Steger
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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22
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Shi D, Wong JKY, Zhu K, Noakes PG, Rammes G. The Anaesthetics Isoflurane and Xenon Reverse the Synaptotoxic Effects of Aβ 1-42 on Megf10-Dependent Astrocytic Synapse Elimination and Spine Density in Ex Vivo Hippocampal Brain Slices. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020912. [PMID: 36674434 PMCID: PMC9861496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been hypothesised that inhalational anaesthetics such as isoflurane (Iso) may trigger the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), while the gaseous anaesthetic xenon (Xe) exhibits many features of a putative neuroprotective agent. Loss of synapses is regarded as one key cause of dementia in AD. Multiple EGF-like domains 10 (MEGF10) is one of the phagocytic receptors which assists the elimination of synapses by astrocytes. Here, we investigated how β-amyloid peptide 1-42 (Aβ1-42), Iso and Xe interact with MEGF10-dependent synapse elimination. Murine cultured astrocytes as well as cortical and hippocampal ex vivo brain slices were treated with either Aβ1-42, Iso or Xe and the combination of Aβ1-42 with either Iso or Xe. We quantified MEGF10 expression in astrocytes and dendritic spine density (DSD) in slices. In brain slices of wild type and AAV-induced MEGF10 knock-down mice, antibodies against astrocytes (GFAP), pre- (synaptophysin) and postsynaptic (PSD95) components were used for co-localization analyses by means of immunofluorescence-imaging and 3D rendering techniques. Aβ1-42 elevated pre- and postsynaptic components inside astrocytes and decreased DSD. The combined application with either Iso or Xe reversed these effects. In the presence of Aβ1-42 both anaesthetics decreased MEGF10 expression. AAV-induced knock-down of MEGF10 reduced the pre- and postsynaptic marker inside astrocytes. The presented data suggest Iso and Xe are able to reverse the Aβ1-42-induced enhancement of synaptic elimination in ex vivo hippocampal brain slices, presumably through MEGF10 downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Jaime K. Y. Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kaichuan Zhu
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 23, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 23, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter G. Noakes
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Gerhard Rammes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence:
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23
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Matveyenka M, Rizevsky S, Pellois JP, Kurouski D. Lipids uniquely alter rates of insulin aggregation and lower toxicity of amyloid aggregates. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159247. [PMID: 36272517 PMCID: PMC10401553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid formation is a hallmark of many medical diseases including diabetes type 2, Alzheimer's and Parkinson diseases. Under these pathological conditions, misfolded proteins self-assemble forming oligomers and fibrils, structurally heterogeneous aggregates that exhibit a large variety of shapes and forms. A growing body of evidence points to drastic changes in the lipid profile in organs affected by amyloidogenic diseases. In this study, we investigated the extent to which individual phospho- and sphingolipids, as well as their mixtures can impact insulin aggregation. Our results show that lipids and their mixtures uniquely alter rates of insulin aggregation simultaneously changing the secondary structure of protein aggregates that are grown in their presence. These structurally different protein-lipid aggregates impact cell viability to different extent while using distinct mechanisms of toxicity. These findings suggest that irreversible changes in lipid profiles of organs may trigger formation of toxic protein species that in turn are responsible for the onset and progression of amyloidogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Matveyenka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Stanislav Rizevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States; Department of Biotechnology, Binh Duong University, Thu Dau Mot 820000, Viet Nam
| | - Jean-Philippe Pellois
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Dmitry Kurouski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
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24
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Morel B, Conejero-Lara F. Preparation and Investigation of Crucial Oligomers in the Early Stages of Aβ40 and Aβ42 Aggregation. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2551:15-28. [PMID: 36310193 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2597-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid aggregation is a hallmark in many neuropathologies and other diseases of tremendous impact. It is increasingly evident that neuronal death associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is mainly produced by oligomers of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. Yet little is known about the detailed structural and biophysical mechanisms of their formation. This lack of complete understanding comes from the labile nature and handling complexity of the oligomers. Consequently, providing reproducible and robust protocols for oligomer preparation is of particular importance.In this study, we describe detailed methods for the preparation and isolation of micellar oligomers of Aβ that evolve towards larger and more stable oligomers enriched in beta-sheet structure and able to acquire a higher capacity to fibrillate. We also describe briefly some biophysical experiments allowing oligomer characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Morel
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto de Biotecnología y Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisco Conejero-Lara
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto de Biotecnología y Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
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25
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Chen EW, Guo Z. Preparation and Fractionation of Heterogeneous Aβ42 Oligomers with Different Aggregation Properties. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2551:29-39. [PMID: 36310194 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2597-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates in the form of amyloid plaques is a central feature of Alzheimer's disease. The end products of Aβ aggregation are amyloid fibrils. Soluble Aβ aggregates called oligomers are also formed either on or off the pathway of fibril formation. The amyloid fibrils from different clinical subtypes of Alzheimer's disease have been found to adopt different structures, a phenomenon called fibril polymorphism. Meanwhile, different types of Aβ oligomers have also been found. Recently, it has been shown that different types of Aβ42 oligomers may form fibrils of different structures, linking oligomer heterogeneity to fibril polymorphism. In this chapter, we describe methods to prepare heterogeneous Aβ42 oligomers and to quantify the concentration of these oligomers at a low micromolar range using a fluorescamine method. Fractionation of these oligomers by size using ultrafiltration filters allows for the formation of Aβ42 fibrils with different structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica W Chen
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhefeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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26
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Taylor AP, Davis PJ, Aubrey LD, White JBR, Parton ZN, Staniforth RA. Simple, Reliable Protocol for High-Yield Solubilization of Seedless Amyloid-β Monomer. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 14:53-71. [PMID: 36512740 PMCID: PMC9817077 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide to form toxic oligomers and fibrils is a key causal event in the onset of Alzheimer's disease, and Aβ is the focus of intense research in neuroscience, biophysics, and structural biology aimed at therapeutic development. Due to its rapid self-assembly and extreme sensitivity to aggregation conditions, preparation of seedless, reproducible Aβ solutions is highly challenging, and there are serious ongoing issues with consistency in the literature. In this paper, we use a liquid-phase separation technique, asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation with multiangle light scattering (AF4-MALS), to develop and validate a simple, effective, economical method for re-solubilization and quality control of purified, lyophilized Aβ samples. Our findings were obtained with recombinant peptide but are physicochemical in nature and thus highly relevant to synthetic peptide. We show that much of the variability in the literature stems from the inability of overly mild solvent treatments to produce consistently monomeric preparations and is rectified by a protocol involving high-pH (>12) dissolution, sonication, and rapid freezing to prevent modification. Aβ treated in this manner is chemically stable, can be stored over long timescales at -80 °C, and exhibits remarkably consistent self-assembly behavior when returned to near-neutral pH. These preparations are highly monomeric, seedless, and do not require additional rounds of size exclusion, eliminating the need for this costly procedure and increasing the flexibility of use. We propose that our improved protocol is the simplest, fastest, and most effective way to solubilize Aβ from diverse sources for sensitive self-assembly and toxicity assays.
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27
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Rosenberry TL, Zhou HX, Stagg SM, Paravastu AK. Oligomer Formation by Amyloid-β42 in a Membrane-Mimicking Environment in Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2022; 27:8804. [PMID: 36557940 PMCID: PMC9781152 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients contain numerous amyloid plaques that are diagnostic of the disease. The plaques are primarily composed of the amyloidogenic peptides proteins Aβ40 and Aβ42, which are derived by the processing of the amyloid pre-cursor protein (APP) by two proteases called β-secretase and γ-secretase. Aβ42 differs from Aβ40 in having two additional hydrophobic amino acids, ILE and ALA, at the C-terminus. A small percentage of AD is autosomal dominant (ADAD) and linked either to the genes for the presenilins, which are part of γ-secretase, or APP. Because ADAD shares most pathogenic features with widespread late-onset AD, Aβ peptides have become the focus of AD research. Fibrils formed by the aggregation of these peptides are the major component of plaques and were initially targeted in AD therapy. However, the fact that the abundance of plaques does not correlate well with cognitive decline in AD patients has led investigators to examine smaller Aβ aggregates called oligomers. The low levels and heterogeneity of Aβ oligomers have made the determination of their structures difficult, but recent structure determinations of oligomers either formed or initiated in detergents have been achieved. We report here on the structures of these oligomers and suggest how they may be involved in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrone L. Rosenberry
- The Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Huan-Xiang Zhou
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - Scott M. Stagg
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Anant K. Paravastu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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28
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Intracellular Injection of Brain Extracts from Alzheimer's Disease Patients Triggers Unregulated Ca 2+ Release from Intracellular Stores That Hinders Cellular Bioenergetics. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223630. [PMID: 36429057 PMCID: PMC9688564 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong evidence indicates that amyloid beta (Aβ) inflicts its toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by promoting uncontrolled elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ in neurons. We have previously shown that synthetic Aβ42 oligomers stimulate abnormal intracellular Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum stores, suggesting that a similar mechanism of Ca2+ toxicity may be common to the endogenous Aβs oligomers. Here, we use human postmortem brain extracts from AD-affected patients and test their ability to trigger Ca2+ fluxes when injected intracellularly into Xenopus oocytes. Immunological characterization of the samples revealed the elevated content of soluble Aβ oligomers only in samples from AD patients. Intracellular injection of brain extracts from control patients failed to trigger detectable changes in intracellular Ca2+. Conversely, brain extracts from AD patients triggered Ca2+ events consisting of local and global Ca2+ fluorescent transients. Pre-incubation with either the conformation-specific OC antiserum or caffeine completely suppressed the brain extract's ability to trigger cytosolic Ca2+ events. Computational modeling suggests that these Ca2+ fluxes may impair cells bioenergetic by affecting ATP and ROS production. These results support the hypothesis that Aβ oligomers contained in neurons of AD-affected brains may represent the toxic agents responsible for neuronal malfunctioning and death associated with the disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis.
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29
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Zhaliazka K, Kurouski D. Nanoscale Characterization of Parallel and Antiparallel β-Sheet Amyloid Beta 1-42 Aggregates. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2813-2820. [PMID: 36122250 PMCID: PMC10405294 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Abrupt aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide is strongly associated with Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we used atomic force microscopy-infrared (AFM-IR) spectroscopy to characterize the secondary structure of Aβ oligomers, protofibrils and fibrils formed at the early (4 h), middle (24 h), and late (72 h) stages of protein aggregation. This innovative spectroscopic approach allows for label-free nanoscale structural characterization of individual protein aggregates. Using AFM-IR, we found that at the early stage of protein aggregation, oligomers with parallel β-sheet dominated. However, these species exhibited slower rates of fibril formation compared to the oligomers with antiparallel β-sheet, which first appeared in the middle stage. These antiparallel β-sheet oligomers rapidly propagated into fibrils that were simultaneously observed together with parallel β-sheet fibrils at the late stage of protein aggregation. Our findings showed that aggregation of Aβ is a complex process that yields several distinctly different aggregates with dissimilar toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiryl Zhaliazka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Dmitry Kurouski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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30
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Stepanov YV, Golovynska I, Zhang R, Golovynskyi S, Stepanova LI, Gorbach O, Dovbynchuk T, Garmanchuk LV, Ohulchanskyy TY, Qu J. Near-infrared light reduces β-amyloid-stimulated microglial toxicity and enhances survival of neurons: mechanisms of light therapy for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:84. [PMID: 35717405 PMCID: PMC9206341 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-intensity light can decelerate neurodegenerative disease progression and reduce amyloid β (Aβ) levels in the cortex, though the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which photobiomodulation (PBM) protects against neurodegeneration are still in the early stages. Microglia cells play a key role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease by causing chronic inflammation. We present new results concerning the PBM of both oxidative stress and microglia metabolism associated with the activation of metabolic processes by 808 nm near-infrared light. METHODS The studies were carried out using healthy male mice to obtain the microglial cell suspension from the hippocampus. Oligomeric β-amyloid (1-42) was prepared and used to treat microglia cells. Light irradiation of cells was performed using diode lasers emitting at 808 nm (30 mW/cm2 for 5 min, resulting in a dose of 10 J/cm2). Mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS level studies, cell viability, apoptosis, and necrosis assays were performed using epifluorescence microscopy. Phagocytosis, nitric oxide and H2O2 production, arginase, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were measured using standard assays. Cytokines, glucose, lactate, and ATP were measurements with ELISA. As our data were normally distributed, two-way ANOVA test was used. RESULTS The light induces a metabolic shift from glycolysis to mitochondrial activity in pro-inflammatory microglia affected by oligomeric Aβ. Thereby, the level of anti-inflammatory microglia increases. This process is accompanied by a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines and an activation of phagocytosis. Light exposure decreases the Aβ-induced activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that regulates the rate of the pentose phosphate pathway, which activates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases to further produce ROS. During co-cultivation of neurons with microglia, light prevents the death of neurons, which is caused by ROS produced by Aβ-altered microglia. CONCLUSIONS These original data clarify reasons for how PBM protects against neurodegeneration and support the use of light for therapeutic research in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurii V Stepanov
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Iuliia Golovynska
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Renlong Zhang
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Sergii Golovynskyi
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Liudmyla I Stepanova
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Gorbach
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, National Cancer Institute of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
| | - Taisa Dovbynchuk
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla V Garmanchuk
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Tymish Y Ohulchanskyy
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Junle Qu
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Kim SJ, Russell AE, Wang W, Gemoets DE, Sarkar SN, Simpkins JW, Brown CM. miR-146a Dysregulates Energy Metabolism During Neuroinflammation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2022; 17:228-241. [PMID: 34028667 PMCID: PMC8611101 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-09999-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by chronic neuroinflammation and a reduction in brain energy metabolism. An important role has emerged for small, non-coding RNA molecules known as microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathophysiology of many neurodegenerative disorders. As epigenetic regulators, miRNAs possess the capacity to regulate and fine tune protein production by inhibiting translation. Several miRNAs, which include miR-146a, are elevated in the brain, CSF, and plasma of AD patients. miR-146a participates in pathways that regulate immune activation and has several mRNA targets which encode for proteins involved in cellular energy metabolism. An additional role for extracellular vesicles (EVs) has also emerged in the progression AD, as EVs can transfer functionally active proteins and RNAs from diseased to healthy cells. In the current study, we exposed various cell types present within the CNS to immunomodulatory molecules and observed significant upregulation of miR-146a expression, both within cells and within their secreted EVs. Further, we assessed the effects of miR-146a overexpression on bioenergetic function in primary rat glial cells and found significant reductions in oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Lastly, we correlated miR-146a expression levels within various regions of the AD brain to disease staging and found significant, positive correlations. These novel results demonstrate that the modulation of miR-146a in response to neuroinflammatory stimuli may mediate the loss of mitochondrial integrity and function in cells, thereby contributing to the progression of beta-amyloid and tau pathology in the AD brain. Multiple inflammatory stimuli can upregulate miRNA-146a expression within neurons, mixed glial cells, and brain endothelial cells, which is either retained within these cells or released from them as extracellular vesicle cargo. The upregulation of miR-146a disrupts cellular bioenergetics in mixed glial cells. This mechanism may play a critical role in the neuroinflammatory response observed during Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujung Jun Kim
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States, 26506
| | - Ashley E. Russell
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States, 26506,Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States, 26506
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States, 26506
| | - Darren E. Gemoets
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV United States 26506
| | - Saumyendra N. Sarkar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States, 26506
| | - James W. Simpkins
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States, 26506,Department of Neuroscience and Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States, 26506,Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States, 26506
| | - Candice M. Brown
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States, 26506,Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States, 26506
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Krafft GA, Jerecic J, Siemers E, Cline EN. ACU193: An Immunotherapeutic Poised to Test the Amyloid β Oligomer Hypothesis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:848215. [PMID: 35557606 PMCID: PMC9088393 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.848215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease that affects 50 million people worldwide, with 10 million new cases occurring each year. The emotional and economic impacts of AD on patients and families are devastating. Approved treatments confer modest improvement in symptoms, and recently one treatment obtained accelerated approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and may have modest disease modifying benefit. Research over the past three decades has established a clear causal linkage between AD and elevated brain levels of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide, and substantial evidence now implicates soluble, non-fibrillar Aβ oligomers (AβOs) as the molecular assemblies directly responsible for AD-associated memory and cognitive failure and accompanying progressive neurodegeneration. The widely recognized linkage of elevated Aβ and AD spawned a comprehensive 20-year therapeutic campaign that focused primarily on two strategies – inhibition of the secretase enzymes responsible for Aβ production and clearance of Aβ peptide or amyloid plaques with Aβ-directed immunotherapeutics. Unfortunately, all clinical trials of secretase inhibitors were unsuccessful. Of the completed phase 3 immunotherapy programs, bapineuzumab (targeting amyloid plaque) and solanezumab (targeting Aβ monomers) were negative, and the crenezumab program (targeting Aβ monomers and to a small extent oligomers) was stopped for futility. Aducanumab (targeting amyloid plaques), which recently received FDA accelerated approval, had one positive and one negative phase 3 trial. More than 25 negative randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have evaluated Aβ-targeting therapeutics, yet none has directly evaluated whether selective blockage of disease-relevant AβOs can stop or reverse AD-associated cognitive decline. Here, we briefly summarize studies that establish the AD therapeutic rationale to target AβOs selectively, and we describe ACU193, the first AβO-selective immunotherapeutic to enter human clinical trials and the first positioned to test the AβO hypothesis of AD.
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Zhang P, Tan C. Cross-Reactive Fluorescent Sensor Array for Discrimination of Amyloid Beta Aggregates. Anal Chem 2022; 94:5469-5473. [PMID: 35362962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that misfolding and misassembly of proteins into various aggregation states contribute to several neurodegenerative diseases. For instance, amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation is considered a major factor in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Herein, a fluorescent sensor array for detecting Aβ aggregates was fabricated using two probe pairs of conjugated polyelectrolytes and organic dye molecules, PPE1-Thioflavin T (ThT) and PPESO3-Nile Red (NR). Pattern recognition was achieved by linear discriminant analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis algorithms. As a result of distinguishing among monomers and three pure aggregate species, namely oligomers, protofibrils, and fibrils, the cross-reactive sensor array was also able to monitor aggregation kinetics in various aggregate forms and distinguish between on- and off- aggregate pathways. Our study provides a convenient approach for simultaneous detection of Aβ aggregates in mixtures, which may also be applied to the analysis of other disease-related proteins that are prone to aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pangmiaomiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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34
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Taniguchi K, Yamamoto F, Amamo A, Tamaoka A, Sanjo N, Yokota T, Kametani F, Araki W. Amyloid-β oligomers interact with NMDA receptors containing GluN2B subunits and metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 in primary cortical neurons: relevance to the synapse pathology of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Res 2022; 180:90-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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35
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Mrdenovic D, Pieta IS, Nowakowski R, Kutner W, Lipkowski J, Pieta P. Amyloid β interaction with model cell membranes - What are the toxicity-defining properties of amyloid β? Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 200:520-531. [PMID: 35074328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the neuronal membrane by toxic amyloid β oligomers is hypothesized to be the major event associated with Alzheimer's disease's neurotoxicity. Misfolding of amyloid β is followed by aggregation via different pathways in which structurally different amyloid β oligomers can be formed. The respective toxic actions of these structurally diverse oligomers can vary significantly. Linking a particular toxic action to a structurally unique kind of amyloid β oligomers and resolving their toxicity-determining feature remains challenging because of their transient stability and heterogeneity. Moreover, the lipids that make up the membrane affect amyloid β oligomers' behavior, thus adding to the problem's complexity. The present review compares and analyzes the latest results to improve understanding of amyloid β oligomers' interaction with lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Mrdenovic
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Izabela S Pieta
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Nowakowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wlodzimierz Kutner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Lipkowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Piotr Pieta
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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36
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Hao X, Li Z, Li W, Katz J, Michalek SM, Barnum SR, Pozzo-Miller L, Saito T, Saido TC, Wang Q, Roberson ED, Zhang P. Periodontal Infection Aggravates C1q-Mediated Microglial Activation and Synapse Pruning in Alzheimer's Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:816640. [PMID: 35178049 PMCID: PMC8845011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.816640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a dysbiotic infectious disease that leads to the destruction of tooth supporting tissues. There is increasing evidence that periodontitis may affect the development and severity of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism(s) by which periodontal infection impacts the neurodegenerative process in AD remains unclear. In the present study, using an amyloid precursor protein (APP) knock-in (App KI) AD mouse model, we showed that oral infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), a keystone pathogen of periodontitis, worsened behavioral and cognitive impairment and accelerated amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation in AD mice, thus unquestionably and significantly aggravating AD. We also provide new evidence that the neuroinflammatory status established by AD, is greatly complicated by periodontal infection and the consequential entry of Pg into the brain via Aβ-primed microglial activation, and that Pg-induced brain overactivation of complement C1q is critical for periodontitis-associated acceleration of AD progression by amplifying microglial activation, neuroinflammation, and tagging synapses for microglial engulfment. Our study renders support for the importance of periodontal infection in the innate immune regulation of AD and the possibility of targeting microbial etiology and periodontal treatment to ameliorate the clinical manifestation of AD and lower AD prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Hao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Zhaofei Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jannet Katz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Suzanne M. Michalek
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | - Lucas Pozzo-Miller
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takaomi C. Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Erik D. Roberson
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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37
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Preetham HD, Muddegowda U, Sharath Kumar KS, Rangappa S, Rangappa KS. Identification of β-aminopyrrolidine containing peptides as β-amyloid aggregation inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. J Pept Sci 2022; 28:e3386. [PMID: 34981876 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by a series of events initiated by the production and aggregation of the amyloid β-protein (Aβ). In the early stages of the disease, Aβ is released in a soluble form then progressively forms oligomeric, multimeric, and fibrillar aggregates, triggering neurodegeneration. Thus, development of inhibitors that initiate reverse Aβ aggregation is thought to be a logical approach in treating AD. In this context, we developed β-aminopyrrolidine containing 12 mer peptide 3 which is very potent in inhibiting the Aβ aggregation and also reducing Aβ(42)-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habbanakuppe D Preetham
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Umashankara Muddegowda
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnataka State Open University, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Adichunchanagiri University, Mandya, Karnataka, India
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38
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Murakami K, Izuo N, Bitan G. Aptamers targeting amyloidogenic proteins and their emerging role in neurodegenerative diseases. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101478. [PMID: 34896392 PMCID: PMC8728582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are oligonucleotides selected from large pools of random sequences based on their affinity for bioactive molecules and are used in similar ways to antibodies. Aptamers provide several advantages over antibodies, including their small size, facile, large-scale chemical synthesis, high stability, and low immunogenicity. Amyloidogenic proteins, whose aggregation is relevant to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and prion diseases, are among the most challenging targets for aptamer development due to their conformational instability and heterogeneity, the same characteristics that make drug development against amyloidogenic proteins difficult. Recently, chemical tethering of aptagens (equivalent to antigens) and advances in high-throughput sequencing-based analysis have been used to overcome some of these challenges. In addition, internalization technologies using fusion to cellular receptors and extracellular vesicles have facilitated central nervous system (CNS) aptamer delivery. In view of the development of these techniques and resources, here we review antiamyloid aptamers, highlighting preclinical application to CNS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Murakami
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Naotaka Izuo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Gal Bitan
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Brain Research Institute, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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39
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Bhattacharjee S, Bhattacharyya R. PRFF Peptide Mimic Interferes with Toxic Fibrin-Aβ 42 Interaction by Emulating the Aβ Binding Interface on Fibrinogen. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:4144-4152. [PMID: 34669381 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular dysfunction is a common phenomenon in Alzheimer's patients, where fibrinogen is a major player. With the blood-brain barrier compromised, fibrinogen gains access to the brain, where its interaction with Aβ42 results in plasmin-resistant abnormal blood clots that are deposited in the cerebral blood vessels, a condition commonly encountered in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients called cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). So far, there have been no effective therapeutics available to combat AD-associated CAA. This study reports a 13-amino acid peptide (Pα-NPGRPEPGSAGTW) as a potential inhibitor of the fibrin-Aβ42 interaction along with the property to dissolve pre-existing plasmin-resistant abnormal clots. Strikingly, the identified sequence was found to be partially similar to a fragment of the fibrinogen α-chain reported to bind Aβ42, the plasmin-resistant fibrinogen fragment (PRFF). Mechanistically, Pα interacts with Aβ42 in place of fibrinogen, thus inhibiting the toxic fibrin-Aβ42 interaction. However, it does not interfere with normal fibrin polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Bhattacharjee
- Structural Biology & Bio-Informatics Division, CSIR − Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Rajanya Bhattacharyya
- Structural Biology & Bio-Informatics Division, CSIR − Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
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40
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Aman Y, Ng CT, Chau WH, Zhang Z, Yue M, Bohm C, Jia Y, Li S, Yuan Q, Griffin J, Chiu K, Wong DSM, Wang B, Jin D, Rogaeva E, Fraser PE, Fang EF, St George-Hyslop P, Song YQ. Amyloid-β toxicity modulates tau phosphorylation through the PAX6 signalling pathway. Brain 2021; 144:2759-2770. [PMID: 34428276 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular link between amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, the two pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, is still unclear. Increasing evidence suggests that amyloid-β peptide activates multiple regulators of cell cycle pathways, including transcription factors CDKs and E2F1, leading to hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. However, the exact pathways downstream of amyloid-β-induced cell cycle imbalance are unknown. Here, we show that PAX6, a transcription factor essential for eye and brain development which is quiescent in adults, is increased in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease and in APP transgenic mice, and plays a key role between amyloid-β and tau hyperphosphorylation. Downregulation of PAX6 protects against amyloid-β peptide-induced neuronal death, suggesting that PAX6 is a key executor of the amyloid-β toxicity pathway. Mechanistically, amyloid-β upregulates E2F1, followed by the induction of PAX6 and c-Myb, while Pax6 is a direct target for both E2F1 and its downstream target c-Myb. Furthermore, PAX6 directly regulates transcription of GSK-3β, a kinase involved in tau hyperphosphorylation and neurofibrillary tangles formation, and its phosphorylation of tau at Ser356, Ser396 and Ser404. In conclusion, we show that signalling pathways that include CDK/pRB/E2F1 modulate neuronal death signals by activating downstream transcription factors c-Myb and PAX6, leading to GSK-3β activation and tau pathology, providing novel potential targets for pharmaceutical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalun Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, and Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yahyah Aman
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and the Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Cheung Toa Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Hin Chau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Yue
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher Bohm
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, and Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Yizhen Jia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siwen Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiuju Yuan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jennifer Griffin
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, and Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Kin Chiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dana S M Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyan Jin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, and Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Paul E Fraser
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, and Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Evandro F Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and the Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Department of Medical Biophysics, and Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada.,Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - You-Qiang Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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41
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Madhu P, Mukhopadhyay S. Distinct types of amyloid-β oligomers displaying diverse neurotoxicity mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1594-1608. [PMID: 34494298 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Soluble oligomers of amyloid-β (Aβ) are recognized as key pernicious species in Alzheimer's disease (AD) that cause synaptic dysfunction and memory impairments. Numerous studies have identified various types of Aβ oligomers having heterogeneous peptide length, size distribution, structure, appearance, and toxicity. Here, we review the characteristics of soluble Aβ oligomers based on their morphology, size, and structural reactivity toward the conformation-specific antibodies and then describe their formation, localization, and cellular effects in AD brains, in vivo and in vitro. We also summarize the mechanistic pathways by which these soluble Aβ oligomers cause proteasomal impairment, calcium dyshomeostasis, inhibition of long-term potentiation, apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, and cognitive decline. These cellular events include three distinct molecular mechanisms: (i) high-affinity binding with the receptors for Aβ oligomers such as N-methyl- d-aspartate receptors, cellular prion protein, nerve growth factor, insulin receptors, and frizzled receptors; (ii) the interaction of Aβ oligomers with the lipid membranes; (iii) intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ by α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, apolipoprotein E, and receptor for advanced glycation end products. These studies indicate that there is a pressing need to carefully examine the role of size, appearance, and the conformation of oligomers in identifying the specific mechanism of neurotoxicity that may uncover potential targets for designing AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Madhu
- Centre for Protein Science, Design and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, India.,Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, India
| | - Samrat Mukhopadhyay
- Centre for Protein Science, Design and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, India.,Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, India.,Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, India
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42
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Living with the enemy: from protein-misfolding pathologies we know, to those we want to know. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101391. [PMID: 34119687 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Conformational diseases are caused by the aggregation of misfolded proteins. The risk for such pathologies develops years before clinical symptoms appear, and is higher in people with alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) polymorphisms. Thousands of people with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) are underdiagnosed. Enemy-aggregating proteins may reside in these underdiagnosed AATD patients for many years before a pathology for AATD fully develops. In this perspective review, we hypothesize that the AAT protein could exert a new and previously unconsidered biological effect as an endogenous metal ion chelator that plays a significant role in essential metal ion homeostasis. In this respect, AAT polymorphism may cause an imbalance of metal ions, which could be correlated with the aggregation of amylin, tau, amyloid beta, and alpha synuclein proteins in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, respectively.
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43
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Schützmann MP, Hasecke F, Bachmann S, Zielinski M, Hänsch S, Schröder GF, Zempel H, Hoyer W. Endo-lysosomal Aβ concentration and pH trigger formation of Aβ oligomers that potently induce Tau missorting. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4634. [PMID: 34330900 PMCID: PMC8324842 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24900-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) forms metastable oligomers >50 kDa, termed AβOs, that are more effective than Aβ amyloid fibrils at triggering Alzheimer’s disease-related processes such as synaptic dysfunction and Tau pathology, including Tau mislocalization. In neurons, Aβ accumulates in endo-lysosomal vesicles at low pH. Here, we show that the rate of AβO assembly is accelerated 8,000-fold upon pH reduction from extracellular to endo-lysosomal pH, at the expense of amyloid fibril formation. The pH-induced promotion of AβO formation and the high endo-lysosomal Aβ concentration together enable extensive AβO formation of Aβ42 under physiological conditions. Exploiting the enhanced AβO formation of the dimeric Aβ variant dimAβ we furthermore demonstrate targeting of AβOs to dendritic spines, potent induction of Tau missorting, a key factor in tauopathies, and impaired neuronal activity. The results suggest that the endosomal/lysosomal system is a major site for the assembly of pathomechanistically relevant AβOs. Aβ oligomers (AβO) are thought to represent the main toxic species in Alzheimer’s disease but very high Aβ concentrations are required to study them in vitro and it remains unknown what role these off-pathway oligomers play in vivo. Here, the authors use a dimeric variant of Aβ termed dimAβ, where two Aβ40 units are linked, which facilitates to study AβO formation kinetics and they observe that Aβ off-pathway oligomer formation is strongly accelerated at endo-lysosomal pH, while amyloid fibril formation is delayed. Furthermore, the authors demonstrate that dimAβ is a disease-relevant model construct for pathogenic AβO formation by showing that dimAβ AβOs target dendritic spines and induce AD-like somatodendritic Tau missorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie P Schützmann
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Filip Hasecke
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Bachmann
- Institute of Human Genetics and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mara Zielinski
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7) and JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hänsch
- Department of Biology, Center for Advanced Imaging (CAi), Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gunnar F Schröder
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7) and JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Physics Department, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans Zempel
- Institute of Human Genetics and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Hoyer
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7) and JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
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44
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Saha J, Dean DN, Dhakal S, Stockmal KA, Morgan SE, Dillon KD, Adamo MF, Levites Y, Rangachari V. Biophysical characteristics of lipid-induced Aβ oligomers correlate to distinctive phenotypes in transgenic mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21318. [PMID: 33508158 PMCID: PMC7883479 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002025rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects cognition and memory. Recent advances have helped identify many clinical sub‐types in AD. Mounting evidence point toward structural polymorphism among fibrillar aggregates of amyloid‐β (Aβ) to being responsible for the phenotypes and clinical manifestations. In the emerging paradigm of polymorphism and prion‐like propagation of aggregates in AD, the role of low molecular weight soluble oligomers, which are long known to be the primary toxic agents, in effecting phenotypes remains inconspicuous. In this study, we present the characterization of three soluble oligomers of Aβ42, namely 14LPOs, 16LPOs, and GM1Os with discreet biophysical and biochemical properties generated using lysophosphatidyl glycerols and GM1 gangliosides. The results indicate that the oligomers share some biophysical similarities but display distinctive differences with GM1Os. Unlike the other two, GM1Os were observed to be complexed with the lipid upon isolation. It also differs mainly in detection by conformation‐sensitive dyes and conformation‐specific antibodies, temperature and enzymatic stability, and in the ability to propagate morphologically‐distinct fibrils. GM1Os also show distinguishable biochemical behavior with pronounced neuronal toxicity. Furthermore, all the oligomers induce cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and plaque burden in transgenic AD mice, which seems to be a consistent feature among all lipid‐derived oligomers, but 16LPOs and GM1Os displayed significantly higher effect than the others. These results establish a correlation between molecular features of Aβ42 oligomers and their distinguishable effects in transgenic AD mice attuned by lipid characteristics, and therefore help bridge the knowledge gap in understanding how oligomer conformers could elicit AD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhinuk Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Dexter N Dean
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Shailendra Dhakal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Kelli A Stockmal
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Sarah E Morgan
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Kristy D Dillon
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Munir F Adamo
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yona Levites
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Vijayaraghavan Rangachari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA.,Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
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45
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Natesh SR, Hummels AR, Sachleben JR, Sosnick TR, Freed KF, Douglas JF, Meredith SC, Haddadian EJ. Molecular dynamics study of water channels in natural and synthetic amyloid-β fibrils. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:235102. [PMID: 34241272 PMCID: PMC8214467 DOI: 10.1063/5.0049250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared all-atom explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations of three types of Aβ(1-40) fibrils: brain-seeded fibrils (2M4J, with a threefold axial symmetry) and the other two, all-synthetic fibril polymorphs (2LMN and 2LMP, made under different fibrillization conditions). Fibril models were constructed using either a finite or an infinite number of layers made using periodic images. These studies yielded four conclusions. First, finite fibrils tend to unravel in a manner reminiscent of fibril dissolution, while infinite fibrils were more stable during simulations. Second, salt bridges in these fibrils remained stable in those fibrils that contained them initially, and those without salt bridges did not develop them over the time course of the simulations. Third, all fibrils tended to develop a "stagger" or register shift of β-strands along the fibril axis. Fourth and most importantly, the brain-seeded, 2M4J, infinite fibrils allowed bidirectional transport of water in and out of the central longitudinal core of the fibril by rapidly developing gaps at the fibril vertices. 2LMP fibrils also showed this behavior, although to a lesser extent. The diffusion of water molecules in the fibril core region involved two dynamical states: a localized state and directed diffusion in the presence of obstacles. These observations provided support for the hypothesis that Aβ fibrils could act as nanotubes. At least some Aβ oligomers resembled fibrils structurally in having parallel, in-register β-sheets and a sheet-turn-sheet motif. Thus, our findings could have implications for Aβ cytotoxicity, which may occur through the ability of oligomers to form abnormal water and ion channels in cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. R. Natesh
- Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A. R. Hummels
- Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J. R. Sachleben
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - T. R. Sosnick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - K. F. Freed
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J. F. Douglas
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Material Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - S. C. Meredith
- Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - E. J. Haddadian
- Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and Kamuvudines inhibit amyloid-β induced retinal pigmented epithelium degeneration. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:149. [PMID: 33850097 PMCID: PMC8044134 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonfibrillar amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) are a major component of drusen, the sub-retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) extracellular deposits characteristic of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a common cause of global blindness. We report that AβOs induce RPE degeneration, a clinical hallmark of geographic atrophy (GA), a vision-threatening late stage of AMD that is currently untreatable. We demonstrate that AβOs induce activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the mouse RPE in vivo and that RPE expression of the purinergic ATP receptor P2RX7, an upstream mediator of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, is required for AβO-induced RPE degeneration. Two classes of small molecule inflammasome inhibitors—nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and their antiretrovirally inert modified analog Kamuvudines—both inhibit AβOs-induced RPE degeneration. These findings crystallize the importance of P2RX7 and NLRP3 in a disease-relevant model of AMD and identify inflammasome inhibitors as potential treatments for GA.
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Gu L, Guo Z. Lipid membranes induce structural conversion from amyloid oligomers to fibrils. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 557:122-126. [PMID: 33862455 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Formation of amyloid oligomers and fibrils underlies the pathogenesis of a number of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. One mechanism of action by which Aβ aggregates cause neuronal toxicity is through interactions with cellular membranes. Aβ aggregates have been shown to disrupt membrane integrity via pore formation, membrane thinning, or lipid extraction. At the same time, lipid membranes also affect the rate of Aβ aggregation and remodel pre-formed Aβ fibrils. Here we show that Aβ42 globulomers, a type of well-characterized and stable Aβ oligomers, convert to amyloid fibrils in the presence of DOPC liposomes. Electron paramagnetic resonance studies show that the fibrils converted from Aβ42 globulomers adopt the same structure as fibrils formed directly from monomers. Our results suggest that the interactions between Aβ oligomers and cellular membranes are dynamic. By converting Aβ oligomers to fibrils, the lipid membrane can reduce the membrane-disrupting activities caused by these oligomers. Modulation of Aβ-membrane interactions as a therapeutic strategy should take into account the dynamic nature of these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gu
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhefeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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48
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Gomes GN, Levine ZA. Defining the Neuropathological Aggresome across in Silico, in Vitro, and ex Vivo Experiments. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:1974-1996. [PMID: 33464098 PMCID: PMC8362740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The loss of proteostasis over the life course is associated with a wide range of debilitating degenerative diseases and is a central hallmark of human aging. When left unchecked, proteins that are intrinsically disordered can pathologically aggregate into highly ordered fibrils, plaques, and tangles (termed amyloids), which are associated with countless disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, type II diabetes, cancer, and even certain viral infections. However, despite significant advances in protein folding and solution biophysics techniques, determining the molecular cause of these conditions in humans has remained elusive. This has been due, in part, to recent discoveries showing that soluble protein oligomers, not insoluble fibrils or plaques, drive the majority of pathological processes. This has subsequently led researchers to focus instead on heterogeneous and often promiscuous protein oligomers. Unfortunately, significant gaps remain in how to prepare, model, experimentally corroborate, and extract amyloid oligomers relevant to human disease in a systematic manner. This Review will report on each of these techniques and their successes and shortcomings in an attempt to standardize comparisons between protein oligomers across disciplines, especially in the context of neurodegeneration. By standardizing multiple techniques and identifying their common overlap, a clearer picture of the soluble neuropathological aggresome can be constructed and used as a baseline for studying human disease and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory-Neal Gomes
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Zachary A. Levine
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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49
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Vosough F, Barth A. Characterization of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Amyloid-β42 Oligomer Preparations with Biochemical Methods and Infrared Spectroscopy Reveals a Correlation between Infrared Spectrum and Oligomer Size. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:473-488. [PMID: 33455165 PMCID: PMC8023574 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
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Soluble oligomers of the amyloid-β(1-42)
(Aβ42) peptide,
widely considered to be among the relevant neurotoxic species involved
in Alzheimer’s disease, were characterized with a combination
of biochemical and biophysical methods. Homogeneous and stable Aβ42
oligomers were prepared by treating monomeric solutions of the peptide
with detergents. The prepared oligomeric solutions were analyzed with
blue native and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
as well as with infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The IR spectra indicated
a well-defined β-sheet structure of the prepared oligomers.
We also found a relationship between the size/molecular weight of
the Aβ42 oligomers and their IR spectra: The position of the
main amide I′ band of the peptide backbone correlated with
oligomer size, with larger oligomers being associated with lower wavenumbers.
This relationship explained the time-dependent band shift observed
in time-resolved IR studies of Aβ42 aggregation in the absence
of detergents, during which the oligomer size increased. In addition,
the bandwidth of the main IR band in the amide I′ region was
found to become narrower with time in our time-resolved aggregation
experiments, indicating a more homogeneous absorption of the β-sheets
of the oligomers after several hours of aggregation. This is predominantly
due to the consumption of smaller oligomers in the aggregation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Vosough
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Andreas Barth
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
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50
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Yoon A, Zhen J, Guo Z. Segmental structural dynamics in Aβ42 globulomers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 545:119-124. [PMID: 33548624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aβ42 aggregation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In addition to the insoluble fibrils that comprise the amyloid plaques, Aβ42 also forms soluble aggregates collectively called oligomers, which are more toxic and pathogenic than fibrils. Understanding the structure and dynamics of Aβ42 oligomers is critical for developing effective therapeutic interventions against these oligomers. Here we studied the structural dynamics of Aβ42 globulomers, a type of Aβ42 oligomers prepared in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, using site-directed spin labeling. Spin labels were introduced, one at a time, at all 42 residue positions of Aβ42 sequence. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of spin-labeled samples reveal four structural segments based on site-dependent spin label mobility pattern. Segment-1 consists of residues 1-6, which have the highest mobility that is consistent with complete disorder. Segment-3 is the most immobilized region, including residues 31-34. Segment-2 and -4 have intermediate mobility and are composed of residues 7-30 and 35-42, respectively. Considering the inverse relationship between protein dynamics and stability, our results suggest that residues 31-34 are the most stable segment in Aβ42 oligomers. At the same time, the EPR spectral lineshape suggests that Aβ42 globulomers lack a well-packed structural core akin to that of globular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - James Zhen
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhefeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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