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Wunram HL, Kasparbauer AM, Oberste M, Bender S. [Movement as a Neuromodulator: How Physical Activity Influences the Physiology of Adolescent Depression]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER- UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2023; 52:77-93. [PMID: 37851436 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Movement as a Neuromodulator: How Physical Activity Influences the Physiology of Adolescent Depression Abstract: In the context of adolescent depression, physical activity is becoming increasingly recognized for its positive effects on neuropathology. Current scientific findings indicate that physical training affects the biological effects of depression during adolescence. Yet the pathophysiology of adolescent depression is not yet fully understood. Besides psychosocial and genetic influences, various neurobiological factors are being discussed. One explanation model describes a dysfunction of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) with a sustained elevation in cortisol concentration. Recent studies highlight neuroimmunological processes and a reduced concentration of growth factors as causative factors. These changes appear to lead to a dysregulation of the excitation and inhibition balance of the cerebral cortex as well as to cerebral morphological alterations. Regular physical training can potentially counteract the dysregulation of the HPA axis and normalize cortisol levels. The release of proinflammatory cytokines is inhibited, and the expression of growth factors involved in adult neurogenesis is stimulated. One should ensure the synergistic interaction of biological and psychosocial factors when designing the exercise schedule (endurance or strength training, group or individual sports, frequency, duration, and intensity). Addressing these open questions is essential when integrating physical activity into the guidelines for treating depressive disorders in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Lioba Wunram
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Uniklinik Köln, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität zu Köln, Deutschland
- Kinderklinik Uniklinik Köln, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität zu Köln, Deutschland
- Geteilte Erstautorenschaft
| | - Anna-Maria Kasparbauer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Uniklinik Köln, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität zu Köln, Deutschland
- Geteilte Erstautorenschaft
| | - Max Oberste
- Institut für Medizinische Statistik und Bioinformatik, Universität zu Köln, Deutschland
| | - Stephan Bender
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Uniklinik Köln, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität zu Köln, Deutschland
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Santos M, Lima L, Carvalho S, Mota-Pereira J, Pimentel P, Maia D, Correia D, Barroso MF, Gomes S, Cruz A, Medeiros R. The Impact of BDNF, NTRK2, NGFR, CREB1, GSK3B, AKT, MAPK1, MTOR, PTEN, ARC, and SYN1 Genetic Polymorphisms in Antidepressant Treatment Response Phenotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076758. [PMID: 37047730 PMCID: PMC10095078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the influence of genetic variants in neuroplasticity-related genes on antidepressant treatment phenotypes. The BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway, as well as the downstream kinases Akt and ERK and the mTOR pathway, have been implicated in depression and neuroplasticity. However, clinicians still struggle with the unpredictability of antidepressant responses in depressed patients. We genotyped 26 polymorphisms in BDNF, NTRK2, NGFR, CREB1, GSK3B, AKT, MAPK1, MTOR, PTEN, ARC, and SYN1 in 80 patients with major depressive disorder treated according to the Texas Medical Algorithm for 27 months at Hospital Magalhães Lemos, Porto, Portugal. Our results showed that BDNF rs6265, PTEN rs12569998, and SYN1 rs1142636 SNP were associated with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Additionally, MAPK1 rs6928 and GSK3B rs6438552 gene polymorphisms were associated with relapse. Moreover, we found a link between the rs6928 MAPK1 polymorphism and time to relapse. These findings suggest that the BDNF, PTEN, and SYN1 genes may play a role in the development of TRD, while MAPK1 and GSK3B may be associated with relapse. GO analysis revealed enrichment in synaptic and trans-synaptic transmission pathways and glutamate receptor activity with TRD-associated genes. Genetic variants in these genes could potentially be incorporated into predictive models of antidepressant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Santos
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Institute of Oncology, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luis Lima
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Institute of Oncology, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Serafim Carvalho
- Hospital de Magalhães Lemos, 4149-003 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | | | - Paulo Pimentel
- Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Hospital Centre, 5000-508 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Dulce Maia
- Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Hospital Centre, 5000-508 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Diana Correia
- Hospital de Magalhães Lemos, 4149-003 Porto, Portugal
| | - M. Fátima Barroso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Gomes
- Hospital de Magalhães Lemos, 4149-003 Porto, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Cruz
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Institute of Oncology, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (Norte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal
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Persico M, Abbruzzese C, Matteoni S, Matarrese P, Campana AM, Villani V, Pace A, Paggi MG. Tackling the Behavior of Cancer Cells: Molecular Bases for Repurposing Antipsychotic Drugs in the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Cells 2022; 11:263. [PMID: 35053377 PMCID: PMC8773942 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is associated with a very dismal prognosis, and current therapeutic options still retain an overall unsatisfactorily efficacy in clinical practice. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches and effective medications are highly needed. Since the development of new drugs is an extremely long, complex and expensive process, researchers and clinicians are increasingly considering drug repositioning/repurposing as a valid alternative to the standard research process. Drug repurposing is also under active investigation in GBM therapy, since a wide range of noncancer and cancer therapeutics have been proposed or investigated in clinical trials. Among these, a remarkable role is played by the antipsychotic drugs, thanks to some still partially unexplored, interesting features of these agents. Indeed, antipsychotic drugs have been described to interfere at variable incisiveness with most hallmarks of cancer. In this review, we analyze the effects of antipsychotics in oncology and how these drugs can interfere with the hallmarks of cancer in GBM. Overall, according to available evidence, mostly at the preclinical level, it is possible to speculate that repurposing of antipsychotics in GBM therapy might contribute to providing potentially effective and inexpensive therapies for patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Persico
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Claudia Abbruzzese
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Silvia Matteoni
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Campana
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Veronica Villani
- Neuro-Oncology, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (V.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Pace
- Neuro-Oncology, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (V.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Marco G. Paggi
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
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Zhou X, Dai Y, Zhai Z, Hong J. WAY-100635 Alleviates Corneal Lesions Through 5-HT 1A Receptor-ROS-Autophagy Axis in Dry Eye. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:799949. [PMID: 34970573 PMCID: PMC8712493 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.799949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To explore whether 5-HT1A receptors are involved in the dry eye disease (DED) mouse model and reveal its underlying mechanism. Methods: A C57BL/6J mouse DED model was established via the administration of 0.2% benzalkonium chloride twice a day for 14 days. Corneal fluorescein sodium staining score and Schirmer I test were checked before, and on days 7, 14, and 21 after treatment. The experiment was randomly divided into control, DED, 5-HT1A receptor agonist with or without N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and 5-HT1A receptor antagonist with or without NAC groups. The mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines was measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by 2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assays. Western blot analysis was used to measure the expression levels of autophagic proteins microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3B-I/II) and autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5). Results: 5-HT1A receptor agonist (8-OH-DPAT) increased corneal fluorescein sodium staining spots and 5-HT1A receptor antagonist (WAY-100635) decreased them. Treatment with 8-OH-DPAT was associated with the gene expression of more inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) compared with treatment with WAY-100635. An increased expression of LC3B-I/II and ATG5 was observed in corneal epithelial cells in the mouse model of DED. 8-OH-DPAT significantly enhanced the expression of LC3B-I/II and ATG5 by disrupting ROS levels. WAY-100635 alleviates autophagy by inhibiting ROS production. Conclusion: Excessive ROS release through 8-OH-DPAT induction can lead to impaired autophagy and increased inflammatory response in DED. WAY-100635 reduces corneal epithelial defects and inflammation in DED, as well as alleviates autophagy by inhibiting ROS production. The activation of the 5-HT1A receptor-ROS-autophagy axis is critically involved in DED development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujiao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zimeng Zhai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxu Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Sarrouilhe D, Defamie N, Mesnil M. Is the Exposome Involved in Brain Disorders through the Serotoninergic System? Biomedicines 2021; 9:1351. [PMID: 34680468 PMCID: PMC8533279 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a biogenic monoamine acting as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), local mediator in the gut, and vasoactive agent in the blood. It has been linked to a variety of CNS functions and is implicated in many CNS and psychiatric disorders. The high comorbidity between some neuropathies can be partially understood by the fact that these diseases share a common etiology involving the serotoninergic system. In addition to its well-known functions, serotonin has been shown to be a mitogenic factor for a wide range of normal and tumor cells, including glioma cells, in vitro. The developing CNS of fetus and newborn is particularly susceptible to the deleterious effects of neurotoxic substances in our environment, and perinatal exposure could result in the later development of diseases, a hypothesis known as the developmental origin of health and disease. Some of these substances affect the serotoninergic system and could therefore be the source of a silent pandemic of neurodevelopmental toxicity. This review presents the available data that are contributing to the appreciation of the effects of the exposome on the serotoninergic system and their potential link with brain pathologies (neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, neurobehavioral disorders, and glioblastoma).
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Sarrouilhe
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, 6 Rue de la Milétrie, Bât D1, TSA 51115, CEDEX 09, 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Norah Defamie
- Laboratoire STIM, ERL7003 CNRS-Université de Poitiers, 1 Rue G. Bonnet–TSA 51106, CEDEX 09, 86073 Poitiers, France; (N.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Marc Mesnil
- Laboratoire STIM, ERL7003 CNRS-Université de Poitiers, 1 Rue G. Bonnet–TSA 51106, CEDEX 09, 86073 Poitiers, France; (N.D.); (M.M.)
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D’Alessandro G, Lauro C, Quaglio D, Ghirga F, Botta B, Trettel F, Limatola C. Neuro-Signals from Gut Microbiota: Perspectives for Brain Glioma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2810. [PMID: 34199968 PMCID: PMC8200200 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of glioma tumor in adult brain. Among the numerous factors responsible for GBM cell proliferation and invasion, neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin and glutamate can play key roles. Studies performed in mice housed in germ-free (GF) conditions demonstrated the relevance of the gut-brain axis in a number of physiological and pathological conditions. The gut-brain communication is made possible by vagal/nervous and blood/lymphatic routes and pave the way for reciprocal modulation of functions. The gut microbiota produces and consumes a wide range of molecules, including neurotransmitters (dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], and glutamate) that reach their cellular targets through the bloodstream. Growing evidence in animals suggests that modulation of these neurotransmitters by the microbiota impacts host neurophysiology and behavior, and affects neural cell progenitors and glial cells, along with having effects on tumor cell growth. In this review we propose a new perspective connecting neurotransmitter modulation by gut microbiota to glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina D’Alessandro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (C.L.); (F.T.)
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Clotilde Lauro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (C.L.); (F.T.)
| | - Deborah Quaglio
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.Q.); (F.G.); (B.B.)
| | - Francesca Ghirga
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.Q.); (F.G.); (B.B.)
| | - Bruno Botta
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.Q.); (F.G.); (B.B.)
| | - Flavia Trettel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (C.L.); (F.T.)
| | - Cristina Limatola
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Iñiguez SD, Flores-Ramirez FJ, Themann A, Lira O. Adolescent Fluoxetine Exposure Induces Persistent Gene Expression Changes in the Hippocampus of Adult Male C57BL/6 Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:1683-1694. [PMID: 33241493 PMCID: PMC7933079 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02221-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mood-related disorders have a high prevalence among children and adolescents, posing a public health challenge, given their adverse impact on these young populations. Treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (FLX) is the first line of pharmacological intervention in pediatric patients suffering from affect-related illnesses. Although the use of this antidepressant has been deemed efficacious in the juvenile population, the enduring neurobiological consequences of adolescent FLX exposure are not well understood. Therefore, we explored for persistent molecular adaptations, in the adult hippocampus, as a function of adolescent FLX pretreatment. To do this, we administered FLX (20 mg/kg/day) to male C57BL/6 mice during adolescence (postnatal day [PD] 35-49). After a 21-day washout period (PD70), whole hippocampal tissue was dissected. We then used qPCR analysis to assess changes in the expression of genes associated with major intracellular signal transduction pathways, including the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), the phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway, and the wingless (Wnt)-dishevelled-GSK3β signaling cascade. Our results show that FLX treatment results in long-term dysregulation of mRNA levels across numerous genes from the ERK, PI3K/AKT, and Wnt intracellular signaling pathways, along with increases of the transcription factors CREB, ΔFosB, and Zif268. Lastly, FLX treatment resulted in persistent increases of transcripts associated with cytoskeletal integrity (β-actin) and caspase activation (DIABLO), while decreasing genes associated with metabolism (fucose kinase) and overall neuronal activation (c-Fos). Collectively, these data indicate that adolescent FLX exposure mediates persistent alterations in hippocampal gene expression in adulthood, thus questioning the safety of early-life exposure to this antidepressant medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio D Iñiguez
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
| | - Francisco J Flores-Ramirez
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Anapaula Themann
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Omar Lira
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
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Feng K, Law S, Ravindran N, Chen GF, Ma XY, Bo X, Zhang XQ, Shen CY, Li J, Wang Y, Liu XM, Sun JJ, Hu S, Liu PZ. Differentiating between bipolar and unipolar depression using prefrontal activation patterns: Promising results from functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) findings. J Affect Disord 2021; 281:476-484. [PMID: 33373907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar depression (BD) is a unique, severe and prevalent mental illness that shares many similarities in symptoms with unipolar depression (UD). Improving precision of their diagnoses would enhance treatment outcome and prognosis for both conditions. This study aims to provide evidence from functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) as a potential tool to differentiate UD and BD based on their differences in hemodynamic change in the prefrontal cortex during verbal fluency tasks (VFT). METHODS We enrolled 179 participants with clinically confirmed diagnoses, including 69 UD patients, 68 BD patients and 42 healthy controls(HC). Every participant was assessed using a 45-channel fNIRS and various clinical scales. FINDINGS Compared with HC, region-specific fNIR leads show UD patients had significant lower hemodynamic activation in 4 particular pre-frontal regions: 1) the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), 2) orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), 3) bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and 4) left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). In contrast, BD vs. HC comparisons showed only significant lower hemodynamic activation in the LIFG area. Furthermore, compared to BD patients, UD patients showed decreased hemodynamic activation changes in the VLPFC region. CONCLUSION Our results show significant frontal lobe activation pattern differences between UD and BD groups. fNIRS can be a potential tool to increase diagnostic precision for these conditions. In particular, the VLPFC area holds promise to be a useful site for such differentiation for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Feng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; YuQuan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10000 China.
| | - Samuel Law
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Gui-Fang Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; YuQuan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10000 China
| | - Xiang-Yun Ma
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Bo
- YuQuan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10000 China
| | | | - Chen-Yu Shen
- YuQuan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10000 China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; YuQuan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10000 China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Xiao-Min Liu
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Shuang Hu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Po-Zi Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; YuQuan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10000 China.
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Francis-Oliveira J, Shieh IC, Vilar Higa GS, Barbosa MA, De Pasquale R. Maternal separation induces changes in TREK-1 and 5HT 1A expression in brain areas involved in the stress response in a sex-dependent way. Behav Brain Res 2020; 396:112909. [PMID: 32949645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a prevalent disease in modern society, and has been linked to stressful events at early ages. Women are more susceptible to depression, and the neural basis for this are still under investigation. Serotonin is known to be involved in depression, and a decrease in 5HT1A expression is observed on temporal and cortical areas in both men and women with depression. As knockout animals for TREK-1 are resilient to depression, this channel has emerged as a new potential pharmacological target for depression treatment. In this study, maternal separation (MS) was used to emulate early-life stress, and evaluate behaviour, as well as TREK-1 and 5HT1A expression in the brain using immunohistochemistry. In juvenile females, 5HT1A reduction coupled to increased TREK-1 in the dentate gyrus (DG) was associated with behavioural despair, as well as increased TREK-1 expression in basolateral amygdala (BLA) and prelimbic cortex (PL). In juvenile males, MS induced an increase in 5HT1A in the BLA, and in TREK-1 in the PL, while no behavioural despair was observed. Anhedonia and anxiety-like behaviour were not induced by MS. We conclude stress-induced increase in TREK-1 in PL and GD is associated to depression, while 5HT1A changes coupled to TREK-1 changes may be necessary to induce depression, with females being more vulnerable to MS effects than males. Thus, TREK-1 and 5HT1A may be potential pharmacological targets for antidepressants development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Francis-Oliveira
- Dept of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute I, São Paulo University, Ave Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - I C Shieh
- Dept of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute I, São Paulo University, Ave Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - G S Vilar Higa
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Mathematics Computation Cognition Center, Rua Arcturus 03, 09606-070, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - M A Barbosa
- Dept of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute I, São Paulo University, Ave Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - R De Pasquale
- Dept of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute I, São Paulo University, Ave Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Lefevre A, Richard N, Mottolese R, Leboyer M, Sirigu A. An Association Between Serotonin 1A Receptor, Gray Matter Volume, and Sociability in Healthy Subjects and in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism Res 2020; 13:1843-1855. [PMID: 32864880 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Central serotonin is an important molecular pathway, involved in the regulation of social behavior and gray matter volume (GMV). In men with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), the serotonergic system and the GMV have been found disrupted. Here, we investigated the relation between serotonin, GMV, and social personality in men with typical development (TD) and in men with ASD. We combined anatomical magnetic resonance imaging, Positron emission tomography scan with 2'-methoxyphenyl-(N-2'-pyridinyl)-p-18F-fluoro-benzamidoethylpiperazine radioligand and revised NEO personality inventory personality questionnaire to examine the association between serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1A R) binding potential, GMV and social personality in 24 adult male TD subjects and 18 male men with ASD. In both groups, we found a positive correlation between 5-HT1A R binding potential and GMV in a region dependent manner. In the TD group, we observed a negative correlation between 5-HT1A R and GMV in the left and right posterior putamen. 5HT1A R binding and GMV in the putamen further correlated with social personality scores in the TD group. None of these associations were found in men with ASD, although no differences were observed for 5-HT1A R concentration among the two groups. Our findings point to a deregulation of 5-HT1A R density in the striatum of men with ASD, a failure that might contribute to their social disturbances. Serotonin is suspected to be involved in the pathophysiology of autism. We provide evidence for a role of serotonin 1A receptor in social behavior through a specific regulation of GMV in the putamen region in neurotypical subjects but not in men with autism. This suggests a potential impairment of the serotonergic system in men with autism which may contribute to patients' social disturbances. Our findings suggest further investigation on the role of serotonin 1A receptor and its activity in the striatum to regulate social behavior. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1843-1855. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC LAY SUMMARY: Serotonin is suspected to be involved in the pathophysiology of autism. We provide evidence for a role of serotonin 1A receptor in social behavior through a specific regulation of gray matter volume in the putamen region in neurotypical subjects but not in men with autism. This suggests a potential impairment of the serotonergic system in men with autism which may contribute to patients' social disturbances. Our findings suggest further investigation on the role of serotonin 1A receptor and its activity in the striatum to regulate social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Lefevre
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR5229, CNRS & Université de Lyon, Bron, France.,Central Institute for Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nathalie Richard
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR5229, CNRS & Université de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Raphaelle Mottolese
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR5229, CNRS & Université de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Fondation FondaMental, Department of Psychiatry of Mondor University Hospital, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Angela Sirigu
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR5229, CNRS & Université de Lyon, Bron, France
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Lieberknecht V, Engel D, Rodrigues ALS, Gabilan NH. Neuroprotective effects of mirtazapine and imipramine and their effect in pro- and anti-apoptotic gene expression in human neuroblastoma cells. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:563-570. [DOI: 10.1007/s43440-019-00009-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Kundu B, Brock AA, Englot DJ, Butson CR, Rolston JD. Deep brain stimulation for the treatment of disorders of consciousness and cognition in traumatic brain injury patients: a review. Neurosurg Focus 2019; 45:E14. [PMID: 30064315 DOI: 10.3171/2018.5.focus18168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a looming epidemic, growing most rapidly in the elderly population. Some of the most devastating sequelae of TBI are related to depressed levels of consciousness (e.g., coma, minimally conscious state) or deficits in executive function. To date, pharmacological and rehabilitative therapies to treat these sequelae are limited. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been used to treat a number of pathologies, including Parkinson disease, essential tremor, and epilepsy. Animal and clinical research shows that targets addressing depressed levels of consciousness include components of the ascending reticular activating system and areas of the thalamus. Targets for improving executive function are more varied and include areas that modulate attention and memory, such as the frontal and prefrontal cortex, fornix, nucleus accumbens, internal capsule, thalamus, and some brainstem nuclei. The authors review the literature addressing the use of DBS to treat higher-order cognitive dysfunction and disorders of consciousness in TBI patients, while also offering suggestions on directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dario J Englot
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Caragher SP, Hall RR, Ahsan R, Ahmed AU. Monoamines in glioblastoma: complex biology with therapeutic potential. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:1014-1025. [PMID: 29126252 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by extremely poor prognoses, despite the use of gross surgical resection, alkylating chemotherapeutic agents, and radiotherapy. Evidence increasingly highlights the role of the tumor microenvironment in enabling this aggressive phenotype. Despite this interest, the role of neurotransmitters, brain-specific messengers underlying synaptic transmission, remains murky. These signaling molecules influence a complex network of molecular pathways and cellular behaviors in many CNS-resident cells, including neural stem cells and progenitor cells, neurons, and glia cells. Critically, available data convincingly demonstrate that neurotransmitters can influence proliferation, quiescence, and differentiation status of these cells. This ability to affect progenitors and glia-GBM-initiating cells-and their availability in the CNS strongly support the notion that neurotransmitters participate in the onset and progression of GBM. This review will focus on dopamine and serotonin, as studies indicate they contribute to gliomagenesis. Particular attention will be paid to how these neurotransmitters and their receptors can be utilized as novel therapeutic targets. Overall, this review will analyze the complex biology governing the interaction of GBM with neurotransmitter signaling and highlight how this interplay shapes the aggressive nature of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seamus Patrick Caragher
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Riasat Ahsan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Atique U Ahmed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Han D, Qiao Z, Qi D, Yang J, Yang X, Ma J, Wang L, Song X, Zhao E, Zhang J, Yang Y, Qiu X. Epistatic Interaction Between 5-HT1A and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Polymorphisms in the Northern Chinese Han Population With Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:218. [PMID: 31057436 PMCID: PMC6477696 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1A) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are widely expressed in the neurons of the hippocampus and have significant roles in the pathophysiological processes of major depressive disorders (MDDs). The present study was designed to examine 5-HT1A and VEGF gene polymorphisms and whether the gene-gene interaction of 5-HT1A and VEGF gene variants was associated with MDD. Methods: A total of 264 MDD patients and 264 healthy controls were included in the present genetic study. The rs6295, rs1364043, and rs878567 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5-HT1A gene and the rs699947, rs833061, and rs2010963 SNPs in the VEGF gene were selected for genotypic analyses. The generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction method was employed to assess their interactions. Results: The genotype distributions of the two genes' respective SNPs were significantly different between patients and controls for 5-HT1A rs6295 (p = 0.041) and VEGF rs2010963 (p = 0.035); however, no significant allelic variation in 5-HT1A (rs6295, rs1364043, and rs878567) and VEGF (rs699947, rs833061, and rs2010963) was found. The interactions between 5-HT1A (rs6295, rs1364043, and rs878567) and VEGF (rs699947, rs833061, and rs2010963) had a cross-validation (CV) consistency of 10/10 and a p value of 0.0107, which was considered as the best generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) model. Conclusions: The interactions between 5-HT1A and VEGF gene polymorphisms may play a key role in the development of MDD in the Northern Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- Medical Psychology Department of Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengxue Qiao
- Medical Psychology Department of Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dong Qi
- Medical Psychology Department of Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiarun Yang
- Medical Psychology Department of Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuxian Yang
- Medical Psychology Department of Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingsong Ma
- Medical Psychology Department of Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Medical Psychology Department of Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuejia Song
- Medical Psychology Department of Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Erying Zhao
- Medical Psychology Department of Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Medical Psychology Department of Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- Medical Psychology Department of Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- Medical Psychology Department of Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Laouafa S, Perrin-Terrin AS, Jeton F, Elliot-Portal E, Tam R, Bodineau L, Voituron N, Soliz J. Pharmacological, but not genetic, alteration of neural Epo modifies the CO 2/H + central chemosensitivity in postnatal mice. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2017; 242:73-79. [PMID: 28396201 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral erythropoietin (Epo) plays a crucial role for respiratory control in newborn rodents. We showed previously that soluble Epo receptor (sEpoR: an Epo antagonist) reduces basal ventilation and hypoxic hyperventilation at postnatal day 10 (P10) and in adult mice. However, at these ages (P10 and adulthood), Epo had no effect on central chemosensitivity. Nevertheless, it is known that the sensitivity to CO2/H+ during the mammalian respiratory network maturation process is age-dependent. Accordingly, in this study we wanted to test the hypothesis that cerebral Epo is involved in the breathing stimulation induced by the activation of central CO2/H+ chemoreceptors at earlier postnatal ages. To this end, en bloc brainstem-spinal cord preparations were obtained from P4 mice and the fictive breathing response to CO2-induced acidosis or metabolic acidosis was analyzed. This age (P4) was chosen because previous research from our laboratory showed that Epo altered (in a dose- and time-dependent manner) the fictive ventilation elicited in brainstem-spinal cord preparations. Moreover, as it was observed that peripheral chemoreceptors determined the respiratory sensitivity of central chemoreceptors to CO2, the use of this technique restricts our observations to central modulation. Our results did not show differences between preparations from control and transgenic animals (Tg21: overexpressing cerebral Epo; Epo-TAgh: cerebral Epo deficient mice). However, when Tg21 brainstem preparations were incubated for 1h with sEpoR, or with inhibitors of ERK/Akt (thus blocking the activation of the Epo molecular pathway), the fictive breathing response to CO2-induced acidosis was blunted. Our data suggest that variation of the Epo/sEpoR ratio is central to breathing modulation during CO2 challenges, and calls attention to clinical perspectives based on the use of Epo drugs at birth in hypoventilation cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofien Laouafa
- Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de Pédiatrie, Québec, QC, Canada; LEHNA, UMR CNRS 5023, Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, ENTPE, 6 rue Raphael Dubois, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Perrin-Terrin
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, Laboratoire "Hypoxie et poumons", EA 2363, 93017 Bobigny, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, UMR_S1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Florine Jeton
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, Laboratoire "Hypoxie et poumons", EA 2363, 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Elizabeth Elliot-Portal
- Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de Pédiatrie, Québec, QC, Canada; Molecular biology and Biotechnology Institute, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Rose Tam
- Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de Pédiatrie, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Laurence Bodineau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, UMR_S1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Voituron
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, Laboratoire "Hypoxie et poumons", EA 2363, 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Jorge Soliz
- Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de Pédiatrie, Québec, QC, Canada; Molecular biology and Biotechnology Institute, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia.
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16
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Kraus C, Castrén E, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R. Serotonin and neuroplasticity - Links between molecular, functional and structural pathophysiology in depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 77:317-326. [PMID: 28342763 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin modulates neuroplasticity, especially during early life, and dysfunctions in both systems likewise contribute to pathophysiology of depression. Recent findings demonstrate that serotonin reuptake inhibitors trigger reactivation of juvenile-like neuroplasticity. How these findings translate to clinical antidepressant treatment in major depressive disorder remains unclear. With this review, we link preclinical with clinical work on serotonin and neuroplasticity to bring two pathophysiologic models in clinical depression closer together. Dysfunctional developmental plasticity impacts on later-life cognitive and emotional functions, changes of synaptic serotonin levels and receptor levels are coupled with altered synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. Structural magnetic resonance imaging in patients reveals disease-state-specific reductions of gray matter, a marker of neuroplasticity, and reversibility upon selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment. Translational evidence from magnetic resonance imaging in animals support that reduced densities and sizes of neurons and reduced hippocampal volumes in depressive patients could be attributable to changes of serotonergic neuroplasticity. Since ketamine, physical exercise or learning enhance neuroplasticity, combinatory paradigms with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors could enhance clinical treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kraus
- NEUROIMAGING LABs (NIL) - PET & MRI & EEG & Chemical Lab Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical University of Vienna
| | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria(1)
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- NEUROIMAGING LABs (NIL) - PET & MRI & EEG & Chemical Lab Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical University of Vienna.
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17
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Dissociating the therapeutic effects of environmental enrichment and exercise in a mouse model of anxiety with cognitive impairment. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e794. [PMID: 27115125 PMCID: PMC4872410 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence indicates that serotonin-1A receptor (5-HT1AR) gene polymorphisms are associated with anxiety disorders and deficits in cognition. In animal models, exercise (Ex) and environmental enrichment (EE) can change emotionality-related behaviours, as well as enhance some aspects of cognition and hippocampal neurogenesis. We investigated the effects of Ex and EE (which does not include running wheels) on cognition and anxiety-like behaviours in wild-type (WT) and 5-HT1AR knock-out (KO) mice. Using an algorithm-based classification of search strategies in the Morris water maze, we report for we believe the first time that Ex increased the odds for mice to select more hippocampal-dependent strategies. In the retention probe test, Ex (but not EE) corrected long-term spatial memory deficits displayed by KO mice. In agreement with these findings, only Ex increased hippocampal cell survival and BDNF protein levels. However, only EE (but not Ex) modified anxiety-like behaviours, demonstrating dissociation between improvements in cognition and innate anxiety. EE enhanced hippocampal cell proliferation in WT mice only, suggesting a crucial role for intact serotonergic signalling in mediating this effect. Together, these results demonstrate differential effects of Ex vs EE in a mouse model of anxiety with cognitive impairment. Overall, the 5-HT1AR does not seem to be critical for those behavioural effects to occur. These findings will have implications for our understanding of how Ex and EE enhance experience-dependent plasticity, as well as their differential impacts on anxiety and cognition.
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Choudhury A, Singh S, Palit G, Shukla S, Ganguly S. Administration of N-acetylserotonin and melatonin alleviate chronic ketamine-induced behavioural phenotype accompanying BDNF-independent and dependent converging cytoprotective mechanisms in the hippocampus. Behav Brain Res 2015; 297:204-12. [PMID: 26475510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Though growing evidence implicates both melatonin (MLT) and its immediate precursor N-acetylserotonin (NAS) in the regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis, their comparative mechanistic relationship with core behavioural correlates of psychiatric disorders is largely unknown. To address this issue, we investigated the ability of these indoleamines to mitigate the behavioral phenotypes associated with NMDA-receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction in mice. We demonstrated that exogenous MLT and NAS treatments attenuated the NMDAR antagonist (ketamine) induced immobility in the forced swim test (FST) but not the classical striatum-related hyperlocomotor activity phenotype. The MLT/NAS-mediated protection of the phenotype in FST could be correlated to the ability of these indoleamines to counteract the deleterious effects of chronic ketamine on pro-survival molecular events by restoring the activities in MEK-ERK and PI3K-AKT pathways in the hippocampus. MLT seems to modulate these pathways by promoting accumulation of the mature form of BDNF above the control (vehicle-treated) levels, perhaps via MLT receptor-dependent mechanisms and in the process overcoming the ketamine-induced down-regulation of BDNF. In contrast, NAS appears to partly restore the ketamine-induced decrease of BDNF to the control levels. In spite of this fundamental difference in modulating BDNF levels in the upstream events, both MLT and NAS seem to overlap in the TrkB-induced downstream pro-survival mechanisms in the hippocampus, providing protection against NMDAR-hypofunction related cellular events. Perhaps, this also signifies the physiological importance of robust MLT synthesizing machinery that converts serotonin to MLT, in ensuring positive impact on hippocampus-related symptoms in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Choudhury
- Chronic Disease Biology Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, 254 Okhla Industrial Estate, Phase-3, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Seema Singh
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031 U.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Gautam Palit
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031 U.P, India
| | - Shubha Shukla
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031 U.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India.
| | - Surajit Ganguly
- Chronic Disease Biology Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, 254 Okhla Industrial Estate, Phase-3, New Delhi 110020, India.
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Biswal MR, Ahmed CM, Ildefonso CJ, Han P, Li H, Jivanji H, Mao H, Lewin AS. Systemic treatment with a 5HT1a agonist induces anti-oxidant protection and preserves the retina from mitochondrial oxidative stress. Exp Eye Res 2015; 140:94-105. [PMID: 26315784 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic oxidative stress contributes to age related diseases including age related macular degeneration (AMD). Earlier work showed that the 5-hydroxy-tryptamine 1a (5HT1a) receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) protects retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells from hydrogen peroxide treatment and mouse retinas from oxidative insults including light injury. In our current experiments, RPE derived cells subjected to mitochondrial oxidative stress were protected from cell death by the up-regulation of anti-oxidant enzymes and of the metal ion chaperone metallothionein. Differentiated RPE cells were resistant to oxidative stress, and the expression of genes for protective proteins was highly increased by oxidative stress plus drug treatment. In mice treated with 8-OH-DPAT, the same genes (MT1, HO1, NqO1, Cat, Sod1) were induced in the neural retina, but the drug did not affect the expression of Sod2, the gene for manganese superoxide dismutase. We used a mouse strain deleted for Sod2 in the RPE to accelerate age-related oxidative stress in the retina and to test the impact of 8-OH-DPAT on the photoreceptor and RPE degeneration developed in these mice. Treatment of mice with daily injections of the drug led to increased electroretinogram (ERG) amplitudes in dark-adapted mice and to a slight improvement in visual acuity. Most strikingly, in mice treated with a high dose of the drug (5 mg/kg) the structure of the RPE and Bruch's membrane and the normal architecture of photoreceptor outer segments were preserved. These results suggest that systemic treatment with this class of drugs may be useful in preventing geographic atrophy, the advanced form of dry AMD, which is characterized by RPE degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas R Biswal
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Box 100266, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0266, USA
| | - Chulbul M Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Box 100266, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0266, USA
| | - Cristhian J Ildefonso
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Box 100266, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0266, USA
| | - Pingyang Han
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Box 100266, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0266, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Box 100266, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0266, USA
| | - Hiral Jivanji
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Box 100266, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0266, USA
| | - Haoyu Mao
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Box 100266, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0266, USA
| | - Alfred S Lewin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Box 100266, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0266, USA.
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Clipperton-Allen AE, Page DT. Decreased aggression and increased repetitive behavior in Pten haploinsufficient mice. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2015; 14:145-57. [PMID: 25561290 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aggression is an aspect of social behavior that can be elevated in some individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and a concern for peers and caregivers. Mutations in Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), one of several ASD risk factors encoding negative regulators of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway, have been reported in individuals with ASD and comorbid macrocephaly. We previously showed that a mouse model of Pten germline haploinsufficiency (Pten(+/-) ) has selective deficits, primarily in social behavior, along with broad overgrowth of the brain. Here, we further examine the social behavior of Pten(+/-) male mice in the resident-intruder test of aggression, using a comprehensive behavioral analysis to obtain an overall picture of the agonistic, non-agonistic and non-social behavior patterns of Pten(+/-) mice during a free interaction with a novel conspecific. Pten(+/-) male mice were involved in less aggression than their wild-type littermates. Pten(+/-) mice also performed less social investigation, including anogenital investigation and approaching and/or attending to the intruder, which is consistent with our previous finding of decreased sociability in the social approach test. In contrast to these decreases in social behaviors, Pten(+/-) mice showed increased digging. In summary, we report decreased aggression and increased repetitive behavior in Pten(+/-) mice, thus extending our characterization of this model of an ASD risk factor that features brain overgrowth and social deficits.
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Long-term effects of neonatal treatment with fluoxetine on cognitive performance in Ts65Dn mice. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 74:204-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Inhibition of Protein Kinases AKT and ERK1/2 Reduce the Carotid Body Chemoreceptor Response to Hypoxia in Adult Rats. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 860:269-77. [PMID: 26303491 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18440-1_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The carotid body is the main mammalian oxygen-sensing organ regulating ventilation. Despite the carotid body is subjected of extensive anatomical and functional studies, little is yet known about the molecular pathways signaling the neurotransmission and neuromodulation of the chemoreflex activity. As kinases are molecules widely involved in motioning a broad number of neural processes, here we hypothesized that pathways of protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases ½ (ERK1/2) are implicated in the carotid body response to hypoxia. This hypothesis was tested using the in-vitro carotid body/carotid sinus nerve preparation ("en bloc") from Sprague Dawley adult rats. Preparations were incubated for 60 min in tyrode perfusion solution (control) or containing 1 μM of LY294002 (AKT inhibitor), or 1 μM of UO-126 (ERK1/2 inhibitor). The carotid sinus nerve chemoreceptor discharge rate was recorded under baseline (perfusion solution bubbled with 5 % CO(2) balanced in O(2)) and hypoxic (perfusion solution bubbled with 5 % CO(2) balanced in N(2)) conditions. Compared to control, both inhibitors significantly decreased the normoxic and hypoxic carotid body chemoreceptor activity. LY294002- reduced carotid sinus nerve discharge rate in hypoxia by about 20 %, while UO-126 reduces the hypoxic response by 45 %. We concluded that both AKT and ERK1/2 pathways are crucial for the carotid body intracellular signaling process in response to hypoxia.
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Otowa T, Maher BS, Aggen SH, McClay JL, van den Oord EJ, Hettema JM. Genome-wide and gene-based association studies of anxiety disorders in European and African American samples. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112559. [PMID: 25390645 PMCID: PMC4229211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders (ADs) are common mental disorders caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Since ADs are highly comorbid with each other, partially due to shared genetic basis, studying AD phenotypes in a coordinated manner may be a powerful strategy for identifying potential genetic loci for ADs. To detect these loci, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of ADs. In addition, as a complementary approach to single-locus analysis, we also conducted gene- and pathway-based analyses. GWAS data were derived from the control sample of the Molecular Genetics of Schizophrenia (MGS) project (2,540 European American and 849 African American subjects) genotyped on the Affymetrix GeneChip 6.0 array. We applied two phenotypic approaches: (1) categorical case-control comparisons (CC) based upon psychiatric diagnoses, and (2) quantitative phenotypic factor scores (FS) derived from a multivariate analysis combining information across the clinical phenotypes. Linear and logistic models were used to analyse the association with ADs using FS and CC traits, respectively. At the single locus level, no genome-wide significant association was found. A trans-population gene-based meta-analysis across both ethnic subsamples using FS identified three genes (MFAP3L on 4q32.3, NDUFAB1 and PALB2 on 16p12) with genome-wide significance (false discovery rate (FDR] <5%). At the pathway level, several terms such as transcription regulation, cytokine binding, and developmental process were significantly enriched in ADs (FDR <5%). Our approaches studying ADs as quantitative traits and utilizing the full GWAS data may be useful in identifying susceptibility genes and pathways for ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Otowa
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Brion S. Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven H. Aggen
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Joseph L. McClay
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Edwin J. van den Oord
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - John M. Hettema
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lan X, Zhang M, Yang W, Zheng Z, Wu Y, Zeng Q, Liu S, Liu K, Li G. Effect of treadmill exercise on 5-HT, 5-HT1A receptor and brain derived neurophic factor in rats after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neurol Sci 2013; 35:761-6. [PMID: 24326625 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-013-1599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been well documented that exercise promotes neurological rehabilitation in patients with cerebral ischemia. However, the exact mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to discuss the effect of treadmill exercise on expression levels of 5-HT, 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR) and brain derived neurophic factor (BDNF) in rat brains after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). A total of 55 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: pMCAO group, pMCAO and treadmill exercise (pMCAO + Ex) group, and sham-operated group. Rats in pMCAO + Ex group underwent treadmill exercise for 16 days. Neurological function was evaluated by modified Neurological Severity Scores (mNSS). High-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection system was used to determine the content of 5-HT in cortex tissues. The protein levels of 5-HT1AR, BDNF and synaptophysin were measured by Western blot. The mNSS in pMCAO + Ex group was lower than that in pMCAO group on day 19 post-MCAO (p < 0.001). The content of 5-HT dropped to 3.81 ± 1.86 ng/ml in pMCAO group (43.84 ± 2.05 ng/ml in sham-operated group), but increased in pMCAO + Ex group (10.06 ± 1.80 ng/ml). The protein expressions levels of synaptophysin, 5-HT1AR and BDNF were downregulated after cerebral ischemia (p < 0.05), and upregulated after treadmill exercise (p < 0.05). These results indicate that treadmill exercise improves neurologic function, enhances neuronal plasticity and upregulates the levels of 5-HT, 5-HT1AR and BDNF in rats with pMCAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Lan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 1st Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
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Anelli T, Cardarelli S, Ori M, Nardi I, Biagioni S, Poiana G. 5-Hydroxytryptamine 1A and 2B Serotonin Receptors in Neurite Outgrowth: Involvement of Early Growth Response Protein 1. Dev Neurosci 2013; 35:450-60. [DOI: 10.1159/000354423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Heiser JH, Schuwald AM, Sillani G, Ye L, Müller WE, Leuner K. TRPC6 channel-mediated neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells and hippocampal neurons involves activation of RAS/MEK/ERK, PI3K, and CAMKIV signaling. J Neurochem 2013; 127:303-13. [PMID: 23875811 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The non-selective cationic transient receptor canonical 6 (TRPC6) channels are involved in synaptic plasticity changes ranging from dendritic growth, spine morphology changes and increase in excitatory synapses. We previously showed that the TRPC6 activator hyperforin, the active antidepressant component of St. John's wort, induces neuritic outgrowth and spine morphology changes in PC12 cells and hippocampal CA1 neurons. However, the signaling cascade that transmits the hyperforin-induced transient rise in intracellular calcium into neuritic outgrowth is not yet fully understood. Several signaling pathways are involved in calcium transient-mediated changes in synaptic plasticity, ranging from calmodulin-mediated Ras-induced signaling cascades comprising the mitogen-activated protein kinase, PI3K signal transduction pathways as well as Ca(2+) /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMKII) and CAMKIV. We show that several mechanisms are involved in TRPC6-mediated synaptic plasticity changes in PC12 cells and primary hippocampal neurons. Influx of calcium via TRPC6 channels activates different pathways including Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinases, phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B, and CAMKIV in both cell types, leading to cAMP-response element binding protein phosphorylation. These findings are interesting not only in terms of the downstream targets of TRPC6 channels but also because of their potential to facilitate further understanding of St. John's wort extract-mediated antidepressant activity. Alterations in synaptic plasticity are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of depression. Beside several other proteins, TRPC6 channels regulate synaptic plasticity. This study demonstrates that different pathways including Ras/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt, and CAMKIV are involved in the improvement of synaptic plasticity by the TRPC6 activator hyperforin, the antidepressant active constituent of St. John's wort extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine H Heiser
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biocenter Niederursel, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Neural plasticity and proliferation in the generation of antidepressant effects: hippocampal implication. Neural Plast 2013; 2013:537265. [PMID: 23862076 PMCID: PMC3703717 DOI: 10.1155/2013/537265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that changes underlying depression and antidepressant-like effects involve not only alterations in the levels of neurotransmitters as monoamines and their receptors in the brain, but also structural and functional changes far beyond. During the last two decades, emerging theories are providing new explanations about the neurobiology of depression and the mechanism of action of antidepressant strategies based on cellular changes at the CNS level. The neurotrophic/plasticity hypothesis of depression, proposed more than a decade ago, is now supported by multiple basic and clinical studies focused on the role of intracellular-signalling cascades that govern neural proliferation and plasticity. Herein, we review the state-of-the-art of the changes in these signalling pathways which appear to underlie both depressive disorders and antidepressant actions. We will especially focus on the hippocampal cellularity and plasticity modulation by serotonin, trophic factors as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) through intracellular signalling pathways—cAMP, Wnt/β-catenin, and mTOR. Connecting the classic monoaminergic hypothesis with proliferation/neuroplasticity-related evidence is an appealing and comprehensive attempt for improving our knowledge about the neurobiological events leading to depression and associated to antidepressant therapies.
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Engel D, Zomkowski ADE, Lieberknecht V, Rodrigues AL, Gabilan NH. Chronic administration of duloxetine and mirtazapine downregulates proapoptotic proteins and upregulates neurotrophin gene expression in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of mice. J Psychiatr Res 2013; 47:802-8. [PMID: 23522402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Structural alterations in the limbic system, neuronal cell loss, and low levels of neurotrophins have been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression. While it is generally accepted that increasing monoamine levels in the brain can effectively alleviate depression, the precise neurobiological mechanisms involved are unclear. In the present study, we examined the effects of two antidepressants, duloxetine and mirtazapine, on the expression of apoptotic and neurotrophic proteins in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mice. Duloxetine (10 mg/kg) and mirtazapine (3 mg/kg) were chronically administered for 21 days, and qRT-PCR analysis was carried for the following: neurotrophins (BDNF, NGF, FGF-2, and NT-3); anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) and pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bad, and p53). Both duloxetine and mirtazapine produced antidepressant activity in the forced swimming test and induced increased cortical and hippocampal mRNA expression of BDNF. Duloxetine also increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, FGF-2, and NT-3 expression in the cerebral cortex, and FGF-2 expression in the hippocampus. Moreover, duloxetine reduced Bax and p53 expression in the hippocampus, and Bad expression in the cerebral cortex. Mirtazapine decreased Bcl-xL and Bax expression in the hippocampus, and Bad and p53 expression in both the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Mirtazapine also increased the expression of neurotrophins, NGF and NT-3, in the cerebral cortex. These results suggest that duloxetine and mirtazapine could elicit their therapeutic effect by modulating the activity of apoptotic and neurotrophic pathways, thus enhancing plasticity and cell survival in depressive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Engel
- Departamento de Bioquímica, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Kraus C, Hahn A, Savli M, Kranz GS, Baldinger P, Höflich A, Spindelegger C, Ungersboeck J, Haeusler D, Mitterhauser M, Windischberger C, Wadsak W, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R. Serotonin-1A receptor binding is positively associated with gray matter volume -- a multimodal neuroimaging study combining PET and structural MRI. Neuroimage 2012; 63:1091-8. [PMID: 22836176 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models revealed that the serotonin-1A (5-HT(1A)) receptor modulates gray matter structure. However, there is a lack of evidence showing the relationship between 5-HT(1A) receptor concentration and gray matter in the human brain in vivo. Here, to demonstrate an association between the 5-HT(1A) receptor binding potential, an index for receptor concentration, and the local gray matter volume (GMV), an index for gray matter structure, we measured 35 healthy subjects with both positron emission tomography (PET) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We found that regional heteroreceptor binding was positively associated with GMV in distinctive brain regions such as the hippocampi and the temporal cortices in both hemispheres (R(2) values ranged from 0.308 to 0.503, p<0.05 cluster-level FDR-corrected). Furthermore, autoreceptor binding in the midbrain raphe region was positively associated with GMV in forebrain projection sites (R(2)=0.656, p=0.001). We also observed a broad range between 5-HT(1A) receptor binding and GMV. Given the congruence of altered 5-HT(1A) receptor concentrations and GMV reduction in depression or Alzheimer's disease as reported by numerous studies, these results might provide new insights towards understanding the mechanisms behind GMV alterations observed in these brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kraus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
The concentration of amyloid-β (Aβ) within the brain extracellular space is one determinant of whether the peptide will aggregate into toxic species that are important in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Some types of synaptic activity can regulate Aβ levels. Here we demonstrate two distinct mechanisms that are simultaneously activated by NMDA receptors and regulate brain interstitial fluid (ISF) Aβ levels in opposite directions in the living mouse. Depending on the dose of NMDA administered locally to the brain, ISF Aβ levels either increase or decrease. Low doses of NMDA increase action potentials and synaptic transmission which leads to an elevation in synaptic Aβ generation. In contrast, high doses of NMDA activate signaling pathways that lead to ERK (extracellular-regulated kinase) activation, which reduces processing of APP into Aβ. This depression in Aβ via APP processing occurs despite dramatically elevated synaptic activity. Both of these synaptic mechanisms are simultaneously active, with the balance between them determining whether ISF Aβ levels will increase or decrease. NMDA receptor antagonists increase ISF Aβ levels, suggesting that basal activity at these receptors normally suppresses Aβ levels in vivo. This has implications for understanding normal Aβ metabolism as well as AD pathogenesis.
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Serotonin signaling is associated with lower amyloid-β levels and plaques in transgenic mice and humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:14968-73. [PMID: 21873225 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1107411108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) as toxic oligomers and amyloid plaques within the brain appears to be the pathogenic event that initiates Alzheimer's disease (AD) lesions. One therapeutic strategy has been to reduce Aβ levels to limit its accumulation. Activation of certain neurotransmitter receptors can regulate Aβ metabolism. We assessed the ability of serotonin signaling to alter brain Aβ levels and plaques in a mouse model of AD and in humans. In mice, brain interstitial fluid (ISF) Aβ levels were decreased by 25% following administration of several selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant drugs. Similarly, direct infusion of serotonin into the hippocampus reduced ISF Aβ levels. Serotonin-dependent reductions in Aβ were reversed if mice were pretreated with inhibitors of the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascade. Chronic treatment with an SSRI, citalopram, caused a 50% reduction in brain plaque load in mice. To test whether serotonin signaling could impact Aβ plaques in humans, we retrospectively compared brain amyloid load in cognitively normal elderly participants who were exposed to antidepressant drugs within the past 5 y to participants who were not. Antidepressant-treated participants had significantly less amyloid load as quantified by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with Pittsburgh Compound B (PIB). Cumulative time of antidepressant use within the 5-y period preceding the scan correlated with less plaque load. These data suggest that serotonin signaling was associated with less Aβ accumulation in cognitively normal individuals.
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Wutzler A, Mavrogiorgou P, Winter C, Juckel G. Elevation of brain serotonin during dying. Neurosci Lett 2011; 498:20-1. [PMID: 21545826 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Death and dying are central events in the live of an organism, but neurobiological changes during this process are still rarely understood. Extracellular levels of serotonin, one of the phylogenetically oldest neurotransmitters, were measured continuously during dying. Serotonin levels increased threefold, while the EEG recorded simultaneously went down to a zero-line of no activity. This could be caused by the neuroprotective activity of brain serotonergic system, which subjectively makes dying easier due to the mood enhancing function of this neurotransmitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wutzler
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Porzionato A, Macchi V, Parenti A, De Caro R. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT signalling pathways in the human carotid body and peripheral ganglia. Acta Histochem 2010; 112:305-16. [PMID: 19232686 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2008.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2007] [Revised: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signalling pathways are involved in various cell functions, but their developmental regulation in the carotid body and peripheral ganglia has not yet been fully investigated. ERK and AKT immunolocalisation and activation were studied by anti-ERK, -pERK, -AKT and -pAKT immunohistochemistry in carotid bodies and peripheral (sympathetic and sensory) ganglia, sampled at autopsy from 4 foetuses (mean gestational age 177 days), 8 infants (mean age 10 months), 8 young adults (mean age 38 years) and 6 aged adults (mean age 72.4 years). ERK and AKT immunopositivity and activation were demonstrated in both glomic type I cells and peripheral ganglionic cells and are ascribed to local action by neuromodulators or neurotrophic factors. Mean percentages of ERK- and pERK-immunopositive glomic type I cells were lower in foetuses than in infants and young adults, and those of AKT-immunopositive glomic type I cells were lower in foetuses than in young and old adults, suggesting incomplete maturation of these two signalling pathways in foetal life. Both pERK and pAKT immunoreactions were detected only in post-natal sympathetic and sensory ganglia, demonstrating that, also in peripheral ganglia, these pathways are not yet fully operative during the foetal stage.
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Normalization of GRK2 protein and mRNA measures in patients with depression predict response to antidepressants. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2010; 13:83-91. [PMID: 19400981 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145709000364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) interfere in receptor-G-protein coupling leading to desensitization of G-protein-mediated receptor signalling. G-protein-coupled receptor signalling and its desensitization were previously implicated in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders. The present study aimed to evaluate alterations in GRK2 protein and mRNA levels in mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) of untreated patients with major depression and the effects and time-course of antidepressant treatments on these alterations. Repeated GRK2 protein and mRNA measurements were carried in MNL of 24 patients with major depression. Each patient was examined while untreated and after 1, 2, 3 and 4 wk of antidepressant treatment; 24 healthy subjects were also studied. GRK2 protein and mRNA levels were evaluated through immunoblot analyses using monoclonal antibodies against GRK2 and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. GRK2 protein and mRNA levels in MNL of untreated patients with major depression were significantly lower than the measures characterizing healthy subjects. The decreased GRK2 protein and mRNA levels were alleviated by antidepressant treatment. Normalization of GRK2 measures preceded, and, thus, could predict clinical improvement by 1-2 wk. These findings support the implication of GRK2 in the pathophysiology of major depression and in the mechanism underlying antidepressant-induced receptor down-regulation and therapeutic effects. GRK2 measurements in patients with depression may potentially serve for biochemical diagnostic purposes and for monitoring and predicting response to antidepressants.
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Drozdov I, Kidd M, Gustafsson BI, Svejda B, Joseph R, Pfragner R, Modlin IM. Autoregulatory effects of serotonin on proliferation and signaling pathways in lung and small intestine neuroendocrine tumor cell lines. Cancer 2009; 115:4934-45. [PMID: 19634160 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND : Survival rates for gastrointestinal (GI) and bronchopulmonary (BP) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have not altered significantly (5-year survival rate: GI NETs, 64.1%; BP NETs, 87%-89%) in 30 years (from 1973 to 2004). No effective or specific antineoplastic agents are available to date, although somatostatin analogs inhibit NET 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT) secretion. Given the expression of 5-HT receptors on NETs, the authors hypothesized that 5-HT autoregulated NET proliferation. METHODS : Proliferation was evaluated in 3 NET cell lines using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide uptake; in addition, real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay studies were performed to delineate 5-HT-mediated signaling pathways. To determine the receptor and role of endogenous 5-HT production, the effects of ketanserin (5-HT receptor subtypes 2A and 2C [5-HT(2A/2C)]); ondansetron (5-HT(3)); and the suicide inhibitor of the rate-limiting enzyme for 5-HT synthesis, tryptophan hydroxylase (7-HTP) were investigated. RESULTS : Exogenously added 5-HT stimulated proliferation in atypical BP NET NCI-H720 cells (+50%; half-maximal stimulatory concentration [EC(50)] = 10 nM), in typical BP NET NCI-H727 cells (+40%; EC(50) = 0.01 nM), and in GI NET KRJ-I cells (+60%; EC(50) = 25 nM). In NCI-H720 cells, proliferation was inhibited by ketanserin (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC(50)] = 0.06 nM) and ondansetron (IC(50) = 0.4 nM) and also was inhibited by 7-HTP (IC(50) = 0.3 nM). In NCI-H727 cells, ketanserin and 7-HTP inhibited proliferation (IC(50) = 0.3 nM and IC(50) = 2.3 nM, respectively), whereas ondansetron had no effect. In KRJ-I cells, ketanserin (IC(50) = 0.1 nM) and 7-HTP (IC(50) = 0.6 nM), but not ondansetron, inhibited proliferation. In all cell lines, 5-HT activated proliferation through extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2 phosphorylation and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-mediated pathways (c-JUN and Ki-67 transcription). An autoregulatory effect was indicated by the 7-HTP-mediated inhibition of extracellular 5-HT and downstream effects on NET proliferation. CONCLUSIONS : Lung and GI NET proliferation was autoregulated by 5-HT through alterations in ERK and JNK signaling. Targeting NET cells with 5-HT(2) receptor antagonists and 7-HTP reversed proliferation. The current results indicated that 5-HT(2) receptor subtype-specific antagonists may represent a viable antiproliferative therapeutic strategy. Cancer 2009. (c) 2009 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignat Drozdov
- Gastrointestinal Pathobiology Research Group, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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Schneider S, Vogt T, Frysch J, Guardiera P, Strüder HK. School sport—A neurophysiological approach. Neurosci Lett 2009; 467:131-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Greene J, Banasr M, Lee B, Warner-Schmidt J, Duman RS. Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling is required for the behavioral actions of antidepressant treatment: pharmacological and cellular characterization. Neuropsychopharmacology 2009; 34:2459-68. [PMID: 19553916 PMCID: PMC3694572 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2009.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study extends earlier work on the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the actions of antidepressant treatment in two key areas. First, by determining the requirement for VEGF in the actions of a 5-HT selective reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), fluoxetine in behavioral models of depression/antidepressant response; and second, by examining the role of the 5-HT1A receptor subtype in the regulation of VEGF, and the cellular localization of antidepressant regulation of VEGF expression. The results show that pharmacological inhibition of VEGF receptor signaling blocks the behavioral actions of fluoxetine in rats subjected to chronic unpredictable stress. Infusions of SU5416 or SU1498, two structurally dissimilar inhibitors of VEGF-Flk-1 receptor signaling, block the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine on sucrose preference, immobility in the forced swim test, and latency to feed in the novelty suppressed feeding paradigm. We also show that activation of 5-HT1A receptors is sufficient to induce VEGF expression and that a 5-HT1A antagonist blocks both the increase in VEGF and behavioral effects induced by fluoxetine. Finally, double labeling studies show that chronic fluoxetine administration increases VEGF expression in both neurons and endothelial cells in the hippocampus. Taken together these studies show that VEGF is necessary for the behavioral effects of the SSRI fluoxetine, as well as norepinephrine selective reuptake inhibitor, and that these effects may be mediated by 5-HT1A receptors located on neurons and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Greene
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Genes and Behavior, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Genes and Behavior, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mounira Banasr
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Genes and Behavior, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Genes and Behavior, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Boyoung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Genes and Behavior, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Genes and Behavior, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jennifer Warner-Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Genes and Behavior, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Genes and Behavior, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ronald S Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Genes and Behavior, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Genes and Behavior, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Correspondence: Dr RS Duman, Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Yale University, School of Medicine, Ribicoff Facilities, 34 Park St, New Haven, CT 06508, USA, Tel: +1 203 974 7726, Fax: + 1 203 974 7724,
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Depletion of serotonin and selective inhibition of 2B receptor suppressed tumor angiogenesis by inhibiting endothelial nitric oxide synthase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation. Neoplasia 2009; 11:408-17. [PMID: 19308295 DOI: 10.1593/neo.81630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of serotonin (5-HT) on tumor growth are inconsistent. We investigated whether a decreased level of 5-HT affected tumor growth using 5-HT transporter knockout (5-HTT(-/-)) mice, which showed 5-HT depletion. When cancer cells were injected subcutaneously into both 5-HTT(-/-) and 5-HTT(+/+) mice, the tumor growth was markedly attenuated in 5-HTT(-/-) mice. Serotonin levels in the blood, forebrain, and tumors of 5-HTT(-/-) mice bearing tumors were significantly smaller than those of their 5-HTT(+/+) littermates. However, 5-HT did not increase cancer cells' proliferation in vitro. When we applied 5-HTT inhibitors to the wild mice bearing tumors, they did not inhibit tumor growth. The endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expressions in tumors were reduced in 5-HTT(-/-) mice compared with 5-HTT(+/+) mice. Stimulations with 5-HT (1-50 microM) induced eNOS expressions in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) in a concentration-dependent manner. When we measured activations of multiple signaling pathways by using a high-throughput phosphospecific antibodies platform, 5-HT stimulated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in HUVEC. Moreover, we found that the physiological level of 5-HT induced phosphorylation of both ERK1/2 and eNOS in HUVEC. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell expressed both 5-HT(2B) and 5-HT(2C) receptors. SB204741, a specific 5-HT(2B) receptor inhibitor, blocked 5-HT-induced ERK1/2 and eNOS phosphorylations, whereas RS102221, a specific 5-HT(2C) receptor inhibitor, did not in HUVEC. SB204741 reduced microvessel density in tumors and inhibited the proliferation of HUVEC in vitro. These results suggest that regulation of 5-HT and 5-HT receptors, especially the 5-HT(2B) receptor, may serve as a therapeutic strategy in cancer therapy.
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Doi A, Ramirez JM. Neuromodulation and the orchestration of the respiratory rhythm. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2009; 164:96-104. [PMID: 18602029 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory system is continuously modulated by numerous aminergic and peptidergic substances that act at all levels of integration: from the sensory level to the level of central networks and motor nuclei. The same neuronal networks receive inputs from multiple modulators released locally as well as from distal nuclei. All parameters of respiratory control are controlled by multiple neuromodulators. By partly converging onto similar G-proteins and second messenger systems, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, histamine, serotonin (5-HT), dopamine, ATP, substance P, cholecystokinin (CCK) can increase frequency, regularity and amplitude of respiratory activity. Yet, the same modulator can also exert differential effects on respiratory activity by acting on different receptors partly in the same neurons. In the pre-Bötzinger complex (pre-BötC) modulators can differentially modulate frequency and amplitude in different types of pacemaker neurons. Similarly motoneurons located in different motor nuclei receive differential amplitude modulation from different modulators. Thus, modulators are capable of orchestrating and modulating different parameters of respiratory activity by differentially targeting different cellular targets. A disturbance in modulatory control may lead to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and erratic breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Doi
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, 1027 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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41
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Haploinsufficiency for Pten and Serotonin transporter cooperatively influences brain size and social behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:1989-94. [PMID: 19208814 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0804428106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders that share deficits in sociability, communication, and restrictive and repetitive interests. ASD is likely polygenic in origin in most cases, but we presently lack an understanding of the relationships between ASD susceptibility genes and the neurobiological and behavioral phenotypes of ASD. Two genes that have been implicated as conferring susceptibility to ASD are PTEN and Serotonin transporter (SLC6A4). The PI3K and serotonin pathways, in which these genes respectively act, are both potential biomarkers for ASD diagnosis and treatment. Biochemical evidence exists for an interaction between these pathways; however, the relevance of this for the pathogenesis of ASD is unclear. We find that Pten haploinsufficient (Pten(+/-)) mice are macrocephalic, and this phenotype is exacerbated in Pten(+/-); Slc6a4(+/-) mice. Furthermore, female Pten(+/-) mice are impaired in social approach behavior, a phenotype that is exacerbated in female Pten(+/-); Slc6a4(+/-) mice. While increased brain size correlates with decreased sociability across these genotypes in females, within each genotype increased brain size correlates with increased sociability, suggesting that epigenetic influences interact with genetic factors in influencing the phenotype. These findings provide insight into an interaction between two ASD candidate genes during brain development and point toward the use of compound mutant mice to validate biomarkers for ASD against biological and behavioral phenotypes.
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Penedo LA, Oliveira-Silva P, Gonzalez EMC, Maciel R, Jurgilas PB, Melibeu ADCF, Campello-Costa P, Serfaty CA. Nutritional tryptophan restriction impairs plasticity of retinotectal axons during the critical period. Exp Neurol 2009; 217:108-15. [PMID: 19416666 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 12/26/2008] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The use-dependent specification of neural circuits occurs during post-natal development with a conspicuous influence of environmental factors, such as malnutrition that interferes with the major steps of brain maturation. Serotonin (5-HT), derived exclusively from the essential aminoacid tryptophan, is involved in mechanisms of development and use-dependent plasticity of the central nervous system. We studied the effects of the nutritional restriction of tryptophan in the plasticity of uncrossed retinotectal axons following a retinal lesion to the contralateral retina during the critical period in pigmented rats. Litters were fed through their mothers with a low tryptophan content diet, based on corn and gelatin, a complemented diet with standard tryptophan requirements for rodents or standard laboratory diet. The results suggest a marked reduction in the plasticity of intact axons into denervated territories in the tryptophan restricted group in comparison to control groups. Tryptophan complementation between PND10-21 completely restored retinotectal plasticity. However, the re-introduction of tryptophan after the end of the critical period (between PND28-P41) did not restore the sprouting ability of uncrossed axons suggesting a time-dependent effect to the reversion of plasticity deficits. Tryptophan-restricted animals showed a reduced activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and altered expressions of phosphorylated forms of ERK1/2 and AKT. Our results demonstrate the influence of this essential aminoacid as a modulator of neural plasticity during the critical period through the reduction of serotonin content which alters plasticity-related signaling pathways and matrix degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Abel Penedo
- Neuroscience Program, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Polter A, Yang S, Zmijewska AA, van Groen T, Paik JH, DePinho RA, Peng SL, Jope RS, Li X. Forkhead box, class O transcription factors in brain: regulation and behavioral manifestation. Biol Psychiatry 2009; 65:150-9. [PMID: 18823877 PMCID: PMC2630515 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Revised: 07/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian forkhead box, class O (FoxO) transcription factors function to regulate diverse physiological processes. Emerging evidence that both brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and lithium suppress FoxO activity suggests a potential role of FoxOs in regulating mood-relevant behavior. Here, we investigated whether brain FoxO1 and FoxO3a can be regulated by serotonin and antidepressant treatment and whether their genetic deletion affects behaviors. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were treated with D-fenfluramine to increase brain serotonergic activity or with the antidepressant imipramine. The functional status of brain FoxO1 and FoxO3a was audited by immunoblot analysis for phosphorylation and subcellular localization. The behavioral manifestations in FoxO1- and FoxO3a-deficient mice were assessed via the Elevated Plus Maze Test, Forced Swim Test, Tail Suspension Test, and Open Field Test. RESULTS Increasing serotonergic activity by d-fenfluramine strongly increased phosphorylation of FoxO1 and FoxO3a in several brain regions and reduced nuclear FoxO1 and FoxO3a. The effect of D-fenfluramine was mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. Chronic, but not acute, treatment with the antidepressant imipramine also increased the phosphorylation of brain FoxO1 and FoxO3a. When FoxO1 was selectively deleted from brain, mice displayed reduced anxiety. In contrast, FoxO3a-deficient mice presented with a significant antidepressant-like behavior. CONCLUSIONS FoxOs may be a transcriptional target for anxiety and mood disorder treatment. Despite their physical and functional relatedness, FoxO1 and FoxO3a influence distinct behavioral processes linked to anxiety and depression. Findings in this study reveal important new roles of FoxOs in brain and provide a molecular framework for further investigation of how FoxOs may govern mood and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Polter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham,Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Sufen Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | | | - Ji-Hye Paik
- Center for Applied Cancer Science, Departments of Medical Oncology, Medicine and Genetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School
| | - Ronald A. DePinho
- Center for Applied Cancer Science, Departments of Medical Oncology, Medicine and Genetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School
| | | | - Richard S. Jope
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Fluoxetine-mediated 5-HT2B receptor stimulation in astrocytes causes EGF receptor transactivation and ERK phosphorylation. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2008; 201:443-58. [PMID: 18758753 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-008-1306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fluoxetine has relatively high affinity for Gq/11 protein-coupled 5-HT(2) receptors. Part of these receptors in brain are on astrocytes, where fluoxetine causes an increase in free cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) and phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK(1/2)). OBJECTIVE The objectives of the study are to identify subtype of the 5-HT(2) receptor involved, to establish whether ERK(1/2) phosphorylation is a result of 5-HT(2)-mediated transactivation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors (EGFRs), and to determine signaling pathways up- and downstream of ERK(1/2). MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary cultures of mouse astrocytes, which express all three subtypes of the 5-HT(2) receptor but no 5-HT(2) transporter, were used. ERK(1/2) phosphorylation and c-Fos and FosB protein expression were determined with Western blotting, and c-fos and fosB mRNA expression with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Receptor subtype was investigated with subtype-specific 5-HT antagonists and 5-HT(2B) receptor depletion and signaling pathways by EGFR phosphorylation, using immunoprecipitation and Western blotting, inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC), and [Ca(2+)](i) chelation by BAPTA/AM. RESULTS ERK(1/2) phosphorylation was abolished by SB204741, a universal 5-HT(2) receptor antagonist, and in 5-HT(2B) receptor-depleted cells, but unaffected by 5-HT(2A) or 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonists (M100907 and SB242084). Phosphorylation of ERK(1/2) and EGFRs was abolished by AG 1478, an inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinases, and GM 6001, an inhibitor of Zn-dependent metalloproteinases, suggesting growth factor "shedding" and transactivation of EGFRs. Chelation of [Ca(2+)](i) or PKC inhibition with GF 109203X abrogated ERK(1/2) phosphorylation. Up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of c-fos and fosB was abolished by SB204741, AG1478, and by U0126, an inhibitor of ERK phosphorylation by MAP kinase/ERK kinase.
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Hsiung S, Tin A, Tamir H, Franke TF, Liu K. Inhibition of 5‐HT1Areceptor‐dependent cell survival by cAMP/protein kinase A: Role of protein phosphatase 2A and Bax. J Neurosci Res 2008; 86:2326-38. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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McCamphill PK, Dunn TW, Syed NI. Serotonin modulates transmitter release at central Lymnaea synapses through a G-protein-coupled and cAMP-mediated pathway. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 27:2033-42. [PMID: 18412624 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06180.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuromodulation is central to all nervous system function, although the precise mechanisms by which neurotransmitters affect synaptic efficacy between central neurons remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the neuromodulatory action of serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] at central synapses between identified neurons from the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Using whole-cell voltage-clamp and sharp electrode recording, we show that 5-HT strongly depresses synaptic strength between cultured, cholinergic neuron visceral dorsal 4 (VD4 - presynaptic) and its serotonergic target left pedal dorsal 1 (LPeD1 - postsynaptic). This inhibition was accompanied by a reduction in synaptic depression, but had no effect on postsynaptic input resistance, indicating a presynaptic origin. In addition, serotonin inhibited the presynaptic calcium current (I(Ca)) on a similar time course as the change in synaptic transmission. Introduction of a non-condensable GDP analog, GDP-beta-S, through the presynaptic pipette inhibited the serotonin-mediated effect on I(Ca.) Similar results were obtained with a membrane-impermeable inactive cAMP analog, 8OH-cAMP. Furthermore, stimulation of the serotonergic postsynaptic cell also inhibited presynaptic currents, indicating the presence of a negative feedback loop between LPeD1 and VD4. Taken together, this study provides direct evidence for a negative feedback mechanism, whereby the activity of a presynaptic respiratory central pattern-generating neuron is regulated by its postsynaptic target cell. We demonstrate that either serotonin or LPeD1 activity-induced depression of presynaptic transmitter release from VD4 involves voltage-gated calcium channels and is mediated through a G-protein-coupled and cAMP-mediated system.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K McCamphill
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Tsuchioka M, Takebayashi M, Hisaoka K, Maeda N, Nakata Y. Serotonin (5-HT) induces glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) mRNA expression via the transactivation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) in rat C6 glioma cells. J Neurochem 2008; 106:244-57. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05357.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rojas Vega S, Abel T, Lindschulten R, Hollmann W, Bloch W, Strüder HK. Impact of exercise on neuroplasticity-related proteins in spinal cord injured humans. Neuroscience 2008; 153:1064-70. [PMID: 18440711 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of exercise on the serum concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), prolactin (PRL) and cortisol (COR) in 11 chronically spinal cord-injured athletes. In these subjects BDNF concentration at rest was sixfold higher compared with the concentrations reported earlier in able-bodied persons, while IGF-1, PRL and COR were within normal range. Ten minutes of moderate intensity handbiking (54% of the maximal heart rate) during a warm-up period (W) induced an increase (P<0.05) of BDNF of approximately 1.5-fold from basal level at rest, while a decrease to basal level was found after an immediately succeeding handbiking time trial (89% of the maximal heart rate) over the marathon distance of 42 km (M). An increase (P<0.01) of serum IGF-1 was found after W and this levels remained elevated (P<0.01) until the end of M. W had no significant effects on the serum PRL and COR, however, M induced an increase (P<0.01) of both hormones. This is the first study showing elevated BDNF concentrations at rest in spinal cord-injured athletes. Furthermore, short moderate intensity handbiking but not immediately following long lasting high intensity handbiking further increases serum BDNF concentrations. IGF-1 response to exercise differs to BDNF response as this neuroplasticity-related protein remains elevated during the long lasting physical demand with high intensity. The augmented PRL concentration suggests that a possible mechanism by which exercise promotes neuroplasticity might be the activation of neural serotonergic pathways as 5-HT is the main PRL releasing factor. Elevated COR concentrations after M are unlikely to be deleterious to neuroplasticity as COR concentrations remain within the physiological range. The present study suggests that exercise might be beneficial to enhance neuroprotection and neuroplasticity, thereby improving recovery after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rojas Vega
- Institute of Motor Control and Movement Technique, German Sport University Cologne, Carl-Diem-Weg 6, Cologne, Germany.
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Deng DR, Djalali S, Höltje M, Grosse G, Stroh T, Voigt I, Kusserow H, Theuring F, Ahnert-Hilger G, Hörtnagl H. Embryonic and postnatal development of the serotonergic raphe system and its target regions in 5-HT1A receptor deletion or overexpressing mouse mutants. Neuroscience 2007; 147:388-402. [PMID: 17543467 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2005] [Revised: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The neurotransmitter 5-HT regulates early developmental processes in the CNS. In the present study we followed the embryonic and postnatal development of serotonergic raphe neurons and catecholaminergic target systems in the brain of 5-HT1A receptor knockout (KO) and overexpressing (OE) in comparison with wild-type (WT) mice from embryonic day (E) 12.5 to postnatal day (P) 15.5. Up to P15.5 no differences were apparent in the differentiation and distribution of serotonergic neurons in the raphe area as revealed by the equal number of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe in all three genotypes. However, the establishment of serotonergic projections to the mesencephalic tegmentum and hypothalamus was delayed at E12.5 in KO and OE animals and projections to the cerebral cortex between E16.5 and E18.5 were delayed in OE mice. This delay was only transient and did not occur in other brain areas including septum, hippocampus and striatum. Moreover, OE mice caught up with WT and KO animals postnatally such that at P1.5 serotonergic innervation of the cortex was more extensive in the OE than in KO and WT mice. Tissue levels of 5-HT and of its main metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid as well as 5-HT turnover were considerably higher in brains of OE mice and slightly elevated in KO mice in comparison with the WT, starting at E16.5 through P15.5. The initial differentiation of dopaminergic neurons and fibers in the substantia nigra at E12.5 was transiently delayed in KO and OE mice as compared with WT mice, but no abnormalities in noradrenergic development were apparent in later stages. The present data indicate that 5-HT1A receptor deficiency or overexpression is associated with increased 5-HT synthesis and turnover in the early postnatal period. However, they also show that effects of 5-HT1A KO or OE on the structural development of the serotonergic system are at best subtle and transient. They may nonetheless contribute to the establishment of increased or reduced anxiety-like behavior, respectively, in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Deng
- Institute of Pharmacology, Phillippstrasse 12, Dorotheenstrasse 94, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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