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Baranova K, Nalivaeva N, Rybnikova E. Neuroadaptive Biochemical Mechanisms of Remote Ischemic Conditioning. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17032. [PMID: 38069355 PMCID: PMC10707673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the currently known biochemical neuroadaptive mechanisms of remote ischemic conditioning. In particular, it focuses on the significance of the pro-adaptive effects of remote ischemic conditioning which allow for the prevention of the neurological and cognitive impairments associated with hippocampal dysregulation after brain damage. The neuroimmunohumoral pathway transmitting a conditioning stimulus, as well as the molecular basis of the early and delayed phases of neuroprotection, including anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory components, are also outlined. Based on the close interplay between the effects of ischemia, especially those mediated by interaction of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and steroid hormones, the involvement of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system in remote ischemic conditioning is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Rybnikova
- I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (K.B.); (N.N.)
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Li X, Yang H, Cheng J, Zhao H, Yan Y, Wang Q, Wang D, Wang G. Compound musk injection in the treatment of ischemic stroke: A network analysis of the mechanism of action. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36179. [PMID: 38013375 PMCID: PMC10681625 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke (IS) is affected by a wide range of factors and has certain treatment limitations. Studies have reported that compound musk injection (CMI) is effective in the treatment of IS, however, its mechanism of action is still unclear. METHODS The main active ingredients in CMI were retrieved from HERB, TCMSP and BATMAN databases, and the relevant targets were predicted by Swiss Target Prediction platform. MalaCards, OMIM, DrugBank, DisGeNET, Genecards and TTD databases were used to obtain the genes related to IS. The intersection of drugs and disease targets was used to construct protein-protein interaction networks, and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed. AutoDock Vina software was used for molecular docking, and cell experiments were conducted to verify the results. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression level of relative mRNA in cells. RESULTS Network analysis and molecular docking results showed that the key targets of CMI in the treatment of IS were SRC, TP53, PIK3R1, MAPK3, PIK3CA, MAPK1, etc. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis mainly involved PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. The molecular docking results all showed that the key ingredients were strong binding activity with the key targets. The quantitative RT-PCR results indicated that CMI may increase the expression of PIK3CA, MAPK3 mRNA and decrease the expression of SRC mRNA. CONCLUSIONS CMI can treat IS by regulating pathways and targets related to inflammatory response and apoptosis in a multi-component manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hua Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jianjie Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hairong Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ya Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Dexiao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Guangming Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China
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Esposito E, Licastro E, Cuomo O, Lo EH, Hayakawa K, Pignataro G. Postconditioning promotes recovery in the neurovascular unit after stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1260389. [PMID: 37744881 PMCID: PMC10515625 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1260389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Experimental studies suggest that ischemic postconditioning interferes with cell death mechanisms and reduces infarction during the acute phase after focal cerebral ischemia. Postconditioning may be a practically feasible way to promote stroke recovery, but many drawbacks prevent its clinical translation. First, all existing studies are mostly on acute 24 h outcomes. Second, the mechanisms of protection and augmented long-term benefits remain unclear. Our study aims to define some of the mechanisms that explain long-term benefits of improved recovery. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 100-min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or postconditioning (100-min middle cerebral artery occlusion plus 10-min reperfusion plus 10-min reocclusion). After 3 days or 2 weeks, infarct volumes, western blot, and immunohistochemical markers of neurogenesis and angiogenesis were quantified. Fluorocitrate (FC) or saline were administrated ICV (intraventricular injection) every other day starting on day 5 after focal cerebral ischemia, animals were recovered for 2 weeks. Results After postconditioning BDNF protein expression levels increased compared to animals subjected to MCAO. Immunostaining showed that BDNF increased specifically in astrocytes. Moreover, when astrocytes were metabolically inhibited by fluorocitrate the postconditioning neuroprotective effect together with the postconditioning-dependent new angiogenesis and neurogenesis, were no longer observed. Conclusion These results suggest for the first time that therapeutic effects of postconditioning may involve the promotion of neurogenesis and angiogenic remodeling, via BDNF released by astrocytes, during the recovery phase after focal cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elga Esposito
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA)
| | - Ester Licastro
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ornella Cuomo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Eng H. Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA)
| | - Kazuhide Hayakawa
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Giuseppe Pignataro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Burda R, Burda J, Morochovič R. Ischemic Tolerance—A Way to Reduce the Extent of Ischemia–Reperfusion Damage. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060884. [PMID: 36980225 PMCID: PMC10047660 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual tissues have significantly different resistance to ischemia–reperfusion damage. There is still no adequate treatment for the consequences of ischemia–reperfusion damage. By utilizing ischemic tolerance, it is possible to achieve a significant reduction in the extent of the cell damage due to ischemia–reperfusion injury. Since ischemia–reperfusion damage usually occurs unexpectedly, the use of preconditioning is extremely limited. In contrast, postconditioning has wider possibilities for use in practice. In both cases, the activation of ischemic tolerance can also be achieved by the application of sublethal stress on a remote organ. Despite very encouraging and successful results in animal experiments, the clinical results have been disappointing so far. To avoid the factors that prevent the activation of ischemic tolerance, the solution has been to use blood plasma containing tolerance effectors. This plasma is taken from healthy donors in which, after exposure to two sublethal stresses within 48 h, effectors of ischemic tolerance occur in the plasma. Application of this activated plasma to recipient animals after the end of lethal ischemia prevents cell death and significantly reduces the consequences of ischemia–reperfusion damage. Until there is a clear chemical identification of the end products of ischemic tolerance, the simplest way of enhancing ischemic tolerance will be the preparation of activated plasma from young healthy donors with the possibility of its immediate use in recipients during the initial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rastislav Burda
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Rastislavova 43, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Louis Pasteur University Hospital, Rastislavova 43, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
| | - Jozef Burda
- Institute of Neurobiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Radoslav Morochovič
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Rastislavova 43, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Louis Pasteur University Hospital, Rastislavova 43, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
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Zuo Y, Zhan L, Wen H, Xue J, Tan Y, Sun W, Xu E. Stabilization of nuclear β-catenin by inhibiting KDM2A mediates cerebral ischemic tolerance. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22796. [PMID: 36723950 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic postconditioning (HPC) with 8% oxygen increases nuclear accumulation of β-catenin through activating the classical Wnt pathway, thereby alleviating transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI)-induced neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 subregion of adult rats. However, little is understood about the regulatory mechanism of nuclear β-catenin in HPC-mediated cerebral ischemic tolerance. Although lysine(K)-specific demethylase 2A (KDM2A) has been known as a crucial regulator of nuclear β-catenin destabilization, whether it plays an important role through modulating nuclear β-catenin in cerebral ischemic tolerance induced by HPC remains unknown. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanism of stabilizing nuclear β-catenin by inhibiting KDM2A-mediated demethylation in the HPC-offered neuroprotection against tGCI. In addition, we confirmed that nuclear methylated-β-catenin in CA1 decreased and nuclear β-catenin turnover increased after tGCI, which were reversed by HPC. The administration with methyltransferase inhibitor AdOx abrogated HPC-induced methylation and stabilization of nuclear β-catenin in CA1, as well as the neuroprotection against tGCI. Notably, HPC downregulated the expression of KDM2A in CA1 and reduced the interaction between KDM2A and β-catenin in the nucleus after tGCI. The knockdown of KDM2A with small-interfering RNA could upregulate nuclear methylated-β-catenin and stabilize β-catenin, thereby increasing survivin in CA1 and improving the cognitive function of rats after tGCI. Opposite results were observed by the administration of KDM2A-carried adenovirus vector. Furthermore, we demonstrated that KDM2A mediates the demethylation of nuclear β-catenin through jumonji C (JmjC) domain of KDM2A in HEK-293T and SH-SY5Y cells. Our data support that the inhibition of KDM2A-mediated demethylation of nuclear β-catenin contributes to HPC-induced neuroprotection against tGCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Zuo
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixuan Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Wen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Xue
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yafu Tan
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Weiwen Sun
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - En Xu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Jiang G, Li X, Liu M, Li H, Shen H, liao J, You W, Fang Q, Chen G. Remote ischemic postconditioning ameliorates stroke injury via the SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling axis in rats. Brain Res Bull 2023; 197:31-41. [PMID: 36990325 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Remote Ischemic Postconditioning (RIPostC) has become a research hotspot due to its protective effect on the brain in clinical studies related to ischemic stroke. The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effect of RIPostC after ischemic stroke in rats. The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model was established by the wire embolization method. RIPostC was obtained by inducing temporary ischemia in the hind limbs of rats. First, based on the results of short-term behavioral measures and long-term neurological function experiments, RIPostC was found to have a protective effect on the MCAO/R model and to improve neurological recovery in rats. Compared to the sham group, RIPostC upregulated the expression levels of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4) in the brain and stromal cell-derived factor-1(SDF-1α) in peripheral blood. In addition, RIPostC upregulated CXCR4 expression on CD34+ stem cells in peripheral blood in flow cytometric assays. Meanwhile, according to the results of EdU/DCX co-staining and CD31 staining, it was found that the effect of RIPostC on ameliorating brain injury via SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling axis may be associated with vascular neogenesis. Finally, after inhibiting the SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling axis using AMD3100(Plerixafor), we found that the neuroprotective effect of RIPostC was diminished. Taken together, RIPostC can improve neurobehavioral damage induced by MCAO/R in rats, and its mechanism may be related to SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling axis. Therefore, RIPostC can be used as an intervention strategy for stroke. SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling axis can also be a potential target for intervention.
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Chen YP, Wang KX, Cai JQ, Li Y, Yu HL, Wu Q, Meng W, Wang H, Yin CH, Wu J, Huang MB, Li R, Guan DG. Detecting Key Functional Components Group and Speculating the Potential Mechanism of Xiao-Xu-Ming Decoction in Treating Stroke. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:753425. [PMID: 35646921 PMCID: PMC9136080 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.753425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a cerebrovascular event with cerebral blood flow interruption which is caused by occlusion or bursting of cerebral vessels. At present, the main methods in treating stroke are surgical treatment, statins, and recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA). Relatively, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has widely been used at clinical level in China and some countries in Asia. Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction (XXMD) is a classical and widely used prescription in treating stroke in China. However, the material basis of effect and the action principle of XXMD are still not clear. To solve this issue, we designed a new system pharmacology strategy that combined targets of XXMD and the pathogenetic genes of stroke to construct a functional response space (FRS). The effective proteins from this space were determined by using a novel node importance calculation method, and then the key functional components group (KFCG) that could mediate the effective proteins was selected based on the dynamic programming strategy. The results showed that enriched pathways of effective proteins selected from FRS could cover 99.10% of enriched pathways of reference targets, which were defined by overlapping of component targets and pathogenetic genes. Targets of optimized KFCG with 56 components can be enriched into 166 pathways that covered 80.43% of 138 pathways of 1,012 pathogenetic genes. A component potential effect score (PES) calculation model was constructed to calculate the comprehensive effective score of components in the components-targets-pathways (C-T-P) network of KFCGs, and showed that ferulic acid, zingerone, and vanillic acid had the highest PESs. Prediction and docking simulations show that these components can affect stroke synergistically through genes such as MEK, NFκB, and PI3K in PI3K-Akt, cAMP, and MAPK cascade signals. Finally, ferulic acid, zingerone, and vanillic acid were tested to be protective for PC12 cells and HT22 cells in increasing cell viabilities after oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). Our proposed strategy could improve the accuracy on decoding KFCGs of XXMD and provide a methodologic reference for the optimization, mechanism analysis, and secondary development of the formula in TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-peng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke-xin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-qi Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Radiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-lang Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Burns, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Handuo Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-hui Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mian-bo Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Mian-bo Huang, ; Rong Li, ; Dao-gang Guan,
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Mian-bo Huang, ; Rong Li, ; Dao-gang Guan,
| | - Dao-gang Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Mian-bo Huang, ; Rong Li, ; Dao-gang Guan,
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Intracellular Signaling. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-69424-7.00006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Pan Y, Jiao Q, Wei W, Zheng T, Yang X, Xin W. Emerging Role of LncRNAs in Ischemic Stroke-Novel Insights into the Regulation of Inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:4467-4483. [PMID: 34522116 PMCID: PMC8434908 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s327291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a crucial kind of pervasive gene, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are abundant and key players in brain function as well as numerous neurological disorders, especially ischemic stroke. The mechanisms underlying ischemic stroke include angiogenesis, autophagy, apoptosis, cell death, and neuroinflammation. Inflammation plays a vital role in the pathological process of ischemic stroke, and systemic inflammation affects the patient’s prognosis. Although a great deal of research has illustrated that various lncRNAs are closely relevant to regulate neuroinflammation and microglial activation in ischemic stroke, the specific interactional relationships and mechanisms between lncRNAs and neuroinflammation have not been described clearly. This review aimed to summarize the therapeutic effects and action mechanisms of lncRNAs on ischemia by regulating inflammation and microglial activation. In addition, we emphasize that lncRNAs have the potential to modulate inflammation by inhibiting and activating various signaling pathways, such as microRNAs, NF‐κB and ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Pan
- Department of Neurology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingzheng Jiao
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Gucheng County Hospital, Gucheng, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyang Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Gomes KC, Lima FWB, da Silva Aguiar HQ, de Araújo SS, de Cordova CAS, de Cordova FM. Thiamine deficiency and recovery: impact of recurrent episodes and beneficial effect of treatment with Trolox and dimethyl sulfoxide. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:2289-2307. [PMID: 34468817 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
At present, thiamine deficiency (TD) is managed with administration of high doses of thiamine. Even so, severe and permanent neurological disorders can occur in recurrent episodes of TD. In this study, we used a murine model to assess the efficacy of TD recovery treatments using thiamine with or without additional administration of the antioxidant Trolox or the anti-inflammatory dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) after a single or recurrent episode of TD. TD was induced for 9 days with deficient chow and pyrithiamine, and the recovery period was 7 days with standard amounts of chow and thiamine, Trolox, and/or DMSO. After these periods, we evaluated behavior, histopathology, and ERK1/2 modulation in the brain. Deficient animals showed reductions in locomotor activity, motor coordination, and spatial memory. Morphologically, after a single episode of TD and recovery, deficient mice showed neuronal vacuolization in the dorsal thalamus and, after two episodes, a reduction in neuronal cell number. These effects were attenuated or reversed by the recovery treatments, mainly in the treatments with thiamine associated with Trolox or DMSO. Deficient animals showed a strong increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the thalamus, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex after one deficiency episode and recovery. Interestingly, after recurrent TD and recovery, ERK1/2 phosphorylation remained high only in the deficient mice treated with thiamine and/or Trolox or thiamine with DMSO. Our data suggest that a protocol for TD treatment with thiamine in conjunction with Trolox or DMSO enhances the recovery of animals and possibly minimizes the late neurological sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketren Carvalho Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública nos Trópicos , Universidade Federal do Tocantins, BR-153, km 112, Araguaína, TO, 77804-970, Brazil
| | | | - Helen Quézia da Silva Aguiar
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, BR-153, km 112, Araguaína, TO, 77804-970, Brazil
| | - Suiane Silva de Araújo
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, BR-153, km 112, Araguaína, TO, 77804-970, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiano Mendes de Cordova
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública nos Trópicos , Universidade Federal do Tocantins, BR-153, km 112, Araguaína, TO, 77804-970, Brazil.
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Wang K, Lei L, Cao J, Qiao Y, Liang R, Duan J, Feng Z, Ding Y, Ma Y, Yang Z, Zhang E. Network pharmacology-based prediction of the active compounds and mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Decoction for ischemic stroke. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1050. [PMID: 34434264 PMCID: PMC8353622 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) is used to promote blood circulation and is widely used in Chinese clinical practice for the treatment and prevention of ischemic cerebral vascular diseases. However, the mechanism and active compounds of BYHWD used to treat ischemic stroke are not well understood. The current study aimed to identify the potential active components of BYHWD and explore its mechanism using network pharmacology and bioinformatics analyses. The compounds of BYHWD were obtained from public databases. Oral bioavailability and drug-likeness were screened using the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) criteria. Components of BYHWD, alongside the candidate targets of each component and the known therapeutic targets of ischemic stroke were collected. A network of target gene compounds and cerebral ischemia compounds was established using network pharmacology data sources. The enrichment of key targets and pathways was analyzed using STRING and DAVID databases. Moreover, three of key targets [IL6, VEGFA and hypoxia-inducible-factor-1α (HIF-1α)] were verified using western blot analysis. Network analysis determined 102 compounds in seven herbal medicines that were subjected to ADME screening. A total of 42 compounds as well as 79 genes formed the principal pathways associated with ischemic stroke. The 16 key compounds identified were baicalein, beta-carotene, baicalin, kaempferol, luteolin, quercetin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, isorhamnetin, bifendate, formononetin, calycosin, astragaloside IV, stigmasterol, sitosterol, Z-ligustilide, and dihydrocapsaicin. The core genes in this network were IL6, TNF, VEGFA, HIF-1α, MAPK1, MAPK3, JUN, STAT3, IL1B and IL10. Furthermore, the TNF, IL17, apoptosis, PI3K-Akt, toll-like receptor, MAPK, NF-κB and HIF-1 signaling pathways were identified to be associated with ischemic stroke. Compared with the control group (no treatment), BYHWD significantly inhibited the expression of IL6 and increase the expression of HIF-1α and VEGFA. Network pharmacology analyses can help to reveal close interactions between multi-components and multi-targets and enhance understanding of the potential effects of BYHWD on ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.,College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Lu Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jinyi Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ruimin Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yang Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Zhifu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Enhu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
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12
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Xie Q, Ma R, Li H, Wang J, Guo X, Chen H. Advancement in research on the role of the transient receptor potential vanilloid channel in cerebral ischemic injury (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:881. [PMID: 34194559 PMCID: PMC8237269 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a common critical disease occurring in middle-aged and elderly individuals, and is characterized by high morbidity, lethality and mortality. As such, it is of great concern to medical professionals. The aim of the present review was to investigate the effects of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) subtypes during cerebral ischemia in ischemia-reperfusion animal models, oxygen glucose deprivation and in other administration cell models in vitro to explore new avenues for stroke research and clinical treatments. TRPV1, TRPV2 and TRPV4 employ different methodologies by which they confer protection against cerebral ischemic injury. TRPV1 and TRPV4 are likely related to the inhibition of inflammatory reactions, neurotoxicity and cell apoptosis, thus promoting nerve growth and regulation of intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+). The mechanisms of neuroprotection of TRPV1 are the JNK pathway, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and therapeutic hypothermia. The mechanisms of neuroprotection of TRPV4 are the PI3K/Akt pathways, NMDA receptor and p38 MAPK pathway, amongst others. The mechanisms by which TRPV2 confers its protective effects are predominantly connected with the regulation of nerve growth factor, MAPK and JNK pathways, as well as JNK-dependent pathways. Thus, TRPVs have the potential for improving outcomes associated with cerebral ischemic or reperfusion injuries. The protection conferred by TRPV1 and TRPV4 is closely related to cellular Ca2+ influx, while TRPV2 has a different target and mode of action, possibly due to its expression sites. However, in light of certain contradictory research conclusions, further experimentation is required to clarify the mechanisms and specific pathways by which TRPVs act to alleviate nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xie
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Rong Ma
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Li
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Hai Chen
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
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13
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Ren C, Liu Y, Stone C, Li N, Li S, Li H, Cheng Z, Hu J, Li W, Jin K, Ji X, Ding Y. Limb Remote Ischemic Conditioning Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in Rats with Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion by Regulating Glucose Transport. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1197-1210. [PMID: 34341702 PMCID: PMC8279524 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is closely associated with the slowing of glucose metabolism in the brain. Glucose transport, a rate-limiting step of glucose metabolism, plays a key role in this phenomenon. Previous studies have reported that limb remote ischemic conditioning (LRIC) improves cognitive performance in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). Here, we determined whether LRIC could ameliorate cognitive impairment in rats with CCH by regulating glucose transport. A total of 170 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Animals subjected to permanent double carotid artery occlusion (2VO) were assigned to the control or LRIC treatment group. LRIC was applied beginning 3 days after the 2VO surgery. We found that LRIC can improve learning and memory; decrease the ratio of ADP/ATP; increase glucose content; upregulate the expression of pAMPKα, GLUT1 and GLUT3; and increase the number of GLUT1 and GLUT3 transporters in cerebral cortical neurons. The expression of GLUT1 and GLUT3 in the cortex displayed a strong correlation with learning and memory. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the levels of GLUT1 and GLUT3 are correlated with neurological function scores. All of these beneficial effects of LRIC were ablated by application of the AMPK inhibitor, dorsomorphin. In summary, LRIC ameliorated cognitive impairment in rats with CCH by regulating glucose transport via the AMPK/GLUT signaling pathway. We conclude that AMPK-mediated glucose transport plays a key role in LRIC. These data also suggest that supplemental activation of glucose transport after CCH may provide a clinically applicable intervention for improving cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Ren
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,5Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Huai'an First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Christopher Stone
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ning Li
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,5Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sijie Li
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,5Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zichao Cheng
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,3Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated 3201 Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Hanzhong, China
| | - Jiangnan Hu
- 6Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA
| | - Weiguang Li
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kunlin Jin
- 7Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA
| | - Xunming Ji
- 5Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,4Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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14
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Jin M, Kim KM, Lim C, Cho S, Kim YK. Neuroprotective effects of Korean White ginseng and Red ginseng in an ischemic stroke mouse model. J Ginseng Res 2021; 46:275-282. [PMID: 35509825 PMCID: PMC9058837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke is a neurological disorder characterized by brain tissue damage following a decrease in oxygen supply to brain due to blocked blood vessels. Reportedly, 80% of all stroke cases are classified as cerebral infarction, and the incidence rate of this condition increases with age. Herein, we compared the efficacies of Korean White ginseng (WG) and Korean Red Ginseng (RG) extracts (WGex and RGex, respectively) in an ischemic stroke mouse model and confirmed the underlying mechanisms of action. Methods Mice were orally administered WGex or RGex 1 h before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), for 2 h; the size of the infarct area was measured 24 h after MCAO induction. Then, the neurological deficit score was evaluated and the efficacies of the two extracts were compared. Finally, their mechanisms of action were confirmed with tissue staining and protein quantification. Results In the MCAO-induced ischemic stroke mouse model, WGex and RGex showed neuroprotective effects in the cortical region, with RGex demonstrating superior efficacy than WGex. Ginsenoside Rg1, a representative indicator substance, was not involved in mediating the effects of WGex and RGex. Conclusion WGex and RGex could alleviate the brain injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion, with RGex showing a more potent effect. At 1,000 mg/kg body weight, only RGex reduced cerebral infarction and edema, and both anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways were involved in mediating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungho Jin
- College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiyeon Lim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Suin Cho
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Kyun Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Yao Y, Li Y, Ni W, Li Z, Feng L, Wang Y, Meng J, Zhao H. Systematic Study of Immune Cell Diversity in ischemic postconditioning Using High-Dimensional Single-Cell Analysis with Mass Cytometry. Aging Dis 2021; 12:812-825. [PMID: 34094644 PMCID: PMC8139206 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) is a concept of ischemic stroke treatment, in which several cycles of brief reocclusion after reperfusion are repeated. It is essential to have an accurate understanding of the immune response in IPostC. By using high parametric single-cell mass cytometry, immune cell subsets and characterize their unique functions from ischemic brain and peripheral blood were identified after IPostC. This study enabled us to better understand the immune cell phenotypical and functional characteristics in ischemic brain and peripheral blood at the single-cell and protein levels. Since some cell surface markers can serve as functional markers, reflecting the degree of inflammation, the cell surface marker intensity among different groups was analyzed. The results showed that downregulation of 4E-BP1 and p38 of Microglia and MoDM in the ischemic brain was involved in IPostC-induced protection. In the peripheral blood, downregulation of P38 of CD4 T cell and Treg has also participated in IPostC-induced protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yao
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yaning Li
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Weihua Ni
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhijun Li
- 2Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Liangshu Feng
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jihong Meng
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Heng Zhao
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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16
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Li CY, Ma W, Liu KP, Yang JW, Wang XB, Wu Z, Zhang T, Wang JW, Liu W, Liu J, Liang Y, Zhang XK, Li JJ, Guo JH, Li LY. Advances in intervention methods and brain protection mechanisms of in situ and remote ischemic postconditioning. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:53-65. [PMID: 33044640 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00562-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic postconditioning (PostC) conventionally refers to a series of brief blood vessel occlusions and reperfusions, which can induce an endogenous neuroprotective effect and reduce cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Depending on the site of adaptive ischemic intervention, PostC can be classified as in situ ischemic postconditioning (ISPostC) and remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC). Many studies have shown that ISPostC and RIPostC can reduce cerebral IS injury through protective mechanisms that increase cerebral blood flow after reperfusion, decrease antioxidant stress and anti-neuronal apoptosis, reduce brain edema, and regulate autophagy as well as Akt, MAPK, PKC, and KATP channel cell signaling pathways. However, few studies have compared the intervention methods, protective mechanisms, and cell signaling pathways of ISPostC and RIPostC interventions. Thus, in this article, we compare the history, common intervention methods, neuroprotective mechanisms, and cell signaling pathways of ISPostC and RIPostC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Kuang-Pin Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jin-Wei Yang
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Xian-Bin Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xing-Kui Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jun-Jun Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jian-Hui Guo
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
| | - Li-Yan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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17
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Meng H, Jin W, Yu L, Xu S, Wan H, He Y. Protective effects of polysaccharides on cerebral ischemia: A mini-review of the mechanisms. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 169:463-472. [PMID: 33347928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia, a common cerebrovascular disease, is one of the great threats to human health. Nowadays, many drugs used in the treatment of cerebral ischemia such as clot busting drugs, antiplatelet drugs, and neuroprotective drugs have limits. It is urgent finding new effective treatments for the patients. Researches have confirmed that many kinds of polysaccharides from natural resources possess therapeutic effects on cerebral ischemia, but are still lack of a comprehensively understanding. In this paper, based on the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemic injury, we summarize the latest discoveries and advancements of 29 kinds of polysaccharides, focusing on their ameliorating effects on cerebral ischemia and the underlying mechanisms. Several mechanisms are involved, mainly including antioxidant activities, anti-inflammatory activities, regulating neuron apoptosis, as well as resisting nitrosative stress injury. Besides, polysaccharides show protective effects through certain signaling pathways including PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and NF-κB, PARP-1/AIF, JNK3/c-Jun/Fas-L, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. The main goal of this mini-review is to emphasize the important roles of polysaccharides in attenuating cerebral ischemic injury through the elucidation of mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Meng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Weifeng Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Li Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Shouchao Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Yu He
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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18
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Abstract
Traumatic brain injury leads to cellular damage which in turn results in the rapid release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that prompt resident cells to release cytokines and chemokines. These in turn rapidly recruit neutrophils, which assist in limiting the spread of injury and removing cellular debris. Microglia continuously survey the CNS (central nervous system) compartment and identify structural abnormalities in neurons contributing to the response. After some days, when neutrophil numbers start to decline, activated microglia and astrocytes assemble at the injury site—segregating injured tissue from healthy tissue and facilitating restorative processes. Monocytes infiltrate the injury site to produce chemokines that recruit astrocytes which successively extend their processes towards monocytes during the recovery phase. In this fashion, monocytes infiltration serves to help repair the injured brain. Neurons and astrocytes also moderate brain inflammation via downregulation of cytotoxic inflammation. Depending on the severity of the brain injury, T and B cells can also be recruited to the brain pathology sites at later time points.
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19
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Lee SE, Kim JH, Lim C, Cho S. Neuroprotective effect of Angelica gigas root in a mouse model of ischemic brain injury through MAPK signaling pathway regulation. Chin Med 2020; 15:101. [PMID: 32983252 PMCID: PMC7509924 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The root of Angelica gigas Nakai (Apiaceae) has been traditionally used as an important herbal medicine to treat blood-deficiency-related disorders in Eastern Asian countries, and recently, it has been recognized as a potential candidate for improving cardiovascular diseases. Methods In this study, the neuroprotective effect of a methanol extract of A. gigas root (RAGE) was investigated in a mouse stroke model induced by a 90 min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Infarction volumes and morphological changes in brain tissues were measured using TTC, cresyl violet, and H&E staining. The neuroprotective mechanism of RAGE was elucidated through investigation of protein expression levels using western blotting, IHC, and ELISA assays. The plasma concentrations of decursin, a major compound in RAGE, were measured after oral administration of RAGE to SD rats. Results The infarction volumes in brain tissues were significantly reduced and the morphological deteriorations in the brain neuron cells were improved in tMCAO mice when pre-treated with RAGE at 1000 mg/(kg bw·d) for two consecutive days. The neuroprotective mechanism of RAGE was confirmed to attenuate ERK-related MAPK signaling pathways in the ipsilateral hippocampus hemisphere in mice. The concentrations of decursin in rat plasma samples showed peak absorption and elimination in vivo after oral administration of RAGE at 100 mg/rat. Conclusion Mice administered RAGE before the tMCAO operation had less neuronal cell death than those that were not administered RAGE prior to the operation, and this study provides preclinical evidence for use of A. gigas in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Eun Lee
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612 Republic of Korea
| | - Chiyeon Lim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - Suin Cho
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612 Republic of Korea
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20
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Pan R, Tang X, Wang H, Huang Y, Huang K, Ling S, Zhou M, Cai J, Chen H, Huang Y. The Combination of Astragalus membranaceus and Ligustrazine Protects Against Thrombolysis-Induced Hemorrhagic Transformation Through PKCδ/Marcks Pathway in Cerebral Ischemia Rats. Cell Transplant 2020; 29:963689720946020. [PMID: 32749163 PMCID: PMC7563031 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720946020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus (Ast) and ligustrazine (Lig) have a
protective effect on lower hemorrhagic transformation induced by pharmaceutical
thrombolysis. The cerebral ischemia rat model was induced with autologous blood
clot injections. A combination of Ast and Lig, or a protein kinase C delta
(PKCδ) inhibitor—rottlerin, or a combination of Ast, Lig, and rottlerin was
administered immediately after recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
injection. The cerebral infarct area, neurological deficits, cerebral hemorrhage
status, neuronal damage and tight junctions’ changes in cerebral vessels, and
the messenger RNA and protein levels of PKCδ, myristoylated alanine-rich C
kinase substrate (Marcks), and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) were determined
after 3 h and 24 h of thrombolysis. The ultrastructure of the neuronal damage
and tight junctions was examined under a transmission electron microscope. The
expression levels of PKCδ, Marcks, and MMP9 were assessed by
immunohistochemistry, western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain
reaction . Administration of Ast and Lig not only significantly decreased
neurological deficit scores, infarct volumes, and cerebral hemorrhage but also
inhibited the disruption due to neuronal dysfunction and the tight junction
integrity in the cerebral vessel. Treatment with a combination of Ast and Lig
effectively protected ischemia-induced microhemorrhage transformation through
PKCδ/Marcks pathway suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihuan Pan
- Department of Rehabilitation, The 2nd affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Both the authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Xialin Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The 2nd affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Both the authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Huajun Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The 2nd affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Huang
- The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The 2nd affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Ling
- Department of Rehabilitation, The 2nd affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingchao Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Encephalopathy, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The 2nd affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Encephalopathy, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Puig B, Yang D, Brenna S, Altmeppen HC, Magnus T. Show Me Your Friends and I Tell You Who You Are: The Many Facets of Prion Protein in Stroke. Cells 2020; 9:E1609. [PMID: 32630841 PMCID: PMC7407975 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke belongs to the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. Although treatments for the acute phase of stroke are available, not all patients are eligible. There is a need to search for therapeutic options to promote neurological recovery after stroke. The cellular prion protein (PrPC) has been consistently linked to a neuroprotective role after ischemic damage: it is upregulated in the penumbra area following stroke in humans, and animal models of stroke have shown that lack of PrPC aggravates the ischemic damage and lessens the functional outcome. Mechanistically, these effects can be linked to numerous functions attributed to PrPC: (1) as a signaling partner of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, (2) as a regulator of glutamate receptors, and (3) promoting stem cell homing mechanisms, leading to angio- and neurogenesis. PrPC can be cleaved at different sites and the proteolytic fragments can account for the manifold functions. Moreover, PrPC is present on extracellular vesicles (EVs), released membrane particles originating from all types of cells that have drawn attention as potential therapeutic tools in stroke and many other diseases. Thus, identification of the many mechanisms underlying PrPC-induced neuroprotection will not only provide further understanding of the physiological functions of PrPC but also new ideas for possible treatment options after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Puig
- Neurology Department, Experimental Research in Stroke and Inflammation (ERSI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (D.Y.); (S.B.); (T.M.)
| | - Denise Yang
- Neurology Department, Experimental Research in Stroke and Inflammation (ERSI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (D.Y.); (S.B.); (T.M.)
| | - Santra Brenna
- Neurology Department, Experimental Research in Stroke and Inflammation (ERSI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (D.Y.); (S.B.); (T.M.)
| | | | - Tim Magnus
- Neurology Department, Experimental Research in Stroke and Inflammation (ERSI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (D.Y.); (S.B.); (T.M.)
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22
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Sharmin O, Abir AH, Potol A, Alam M, Banik J, Rahman AFMT, Tarannum N, Wadud R, Habib ZF, Rahman M. Activation of GPR35 protects against cerebral ischemia by recruiting monocyte-derived macrophages. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9400. [PMID: 32523084 PMCID: PMC7287103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pamoic acid is a potent ligand for G protein Coupled Receptor 35 (GPR35) and exhibits antinociceptive property. GPR35 activation leads to increased energy utilization and the expression of anti-inflammatory genes. However, its role in brain disorders, especially in stroke, remains unexplored. Here we show in a mouse model of stroke that GPR35 activation by pamoic acid is neuroprotective. Pharmacological inhibition of GPR35 reveals that pamoic acid reduces infarcts size in a GPR35 dependent manner. The flowcytometric analysis shows the expression of GPR35 on the infiltrating monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils in the ischemic brain. Pamoic acid treatment results in a preferential increment of noninflammatory Ly-6CLo monocytes/macrophages in the ischemic brain along with the reduced neutrophil counts. The neuroprotective effect of GPR35 activation depends on protein kinase B (Akt) and p38 MAPK. Together we conclude that GPR35 activation by pamoic acid reprograms Ly-6CLo monocytes/macrophages to relay a neuroprotective signal into the ischemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozayra Sharmin
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhra R/A, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Ariful Haque Abir
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhra R/A, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Potol
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhra R/A, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.,Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Mahabub Alam
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhra R/A, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Jewel Banik
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhra R/A, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.,Deptartment of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, College of Medicine, UAMS, 4301W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - A F M Towheedur Rahman
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhra R/A, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.,Milwaukee Institute of Drug Discovery, Department of chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Nuzhat Tarannum
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhra R/A, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Rasiqh Wadud
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhra R/A, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Zaki Farhad Habib
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhra R/A, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhra R/A, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.
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23
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Effect of Methylene Blue and PI3K-Akt Pathway Inhibitors on the Neurovascular System after Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1797-1807. [PMID: 32507927 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01572-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) has a protective effect on cognitive decline caused by chronic hypoperfusion, but the specific mechanism is not clear. This article aims to determine whether MB protects vascular neurons through PI3K/Akt and plays a role in improving cognitive impairment. Molecular biological methods, the hippocampal neuronal density test, the hippocampal vascular network density test, and dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to detect the blood-brain barrier permeability and Evans blue leakage rate in the hippocampus. We also observed and evaluated the changes in the above results after administration of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway protein inhibitor LY294002. There were significant differences for cerebral blood flow (CBF) between the chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) + MB group (100 ml/100 g/min) and the CCH group (60 ml/100 g/min, P < 0.05). After using LY294002, the CBF of the CCH + MB + LY294002 group dropped to 82 ml/100 g/min. The vascular density in the CCH + MB group was 23%, which is significantly higher than that in the CCH group (15.1%) (P < 0.05). The vascular density (17.5%) in the CCH + MB + LY294002 group was significantly higher than that in the CCH group but lower than that in the CCH + MB group. Western blotting results showed that one week after intraperitoneal injection of MB, the expression of t-Akt and p-Akt in the CCH + MB group was increased after CCH, and LY294002 partially blocked this up-regulation effect (CCH + MB + LY294002 group). MB is a potential therapy for the relief of mild cognitive impairment associated with CCH, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer's disease.
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24
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Gerace E, Scartabelli T, Pellegrini-Giampietro DE, Landucci E. Tolerance Induced by (S)-3,5-Dihydroxyphenylglycine Postconditioning is Mediated by the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β Signalling Pathway in an In Vitro Model of Cerebral Ischemia. Neuroscience 2020; 433:221-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Chen H, Shen J, Zhao H. Ischemic postconditioning for stroke treatment: current experimental advances and future directions. CONDITIONING MEDICINE 2020; 3:104-115. [PMID: 34396060 PMCID: PMC8360401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) protects against brain injury induced by stroke and is a potential strategy for ischemic stroke treatment. Understanding its underlying mechanisms and potential hurdles is essential for clinical translation. In this review article, we will summarize the current advances in IPostC for stroke treatment and the underlying protective mechanisms. Strong evidence suggests that IPostC reduces brain infarct size, attenuates blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage and brain edema, and improves neurological outcomes. IPostC also promotes neurogenesis and angiogenesis at the recovery phase of ischemic stroke. The protective mechanisms involve its effects on anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis. In addition, it regulates neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels, heat shock proteins (HSP) 40/70, as well as growth factors such as BDNF and VEGF. Furthermore, IPostC modulates several cell signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt, MAPK, NF-κB, and the Gluk2/PSD95/MLK3/MKK7/JNK3 pathways. We also discuss the potential hurdles for IPostC's clinical translation, including insufficient IPostC algorithm studies, such as therapeutic time windows and ischemia-reperfusion periods and cycles, as well as its long-term protection. In addition, future studies should address confounding factors such as age, sex, and pre-existing conditions such as hypertension and hyperglycemia before stroke onset. At last, the combination of IPostC with other treatments, such as tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), merits further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, 94305 USA
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R, P. R China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, 94305 USA
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26
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Chen C, Sun L, Zhang W, Tang Y, Li X, Jing R, Liu T. Limb ischemic preconditioning ameliorates renal microcirculation through activation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway after acute kidney injury. Eur J Med Res 2020; 25:10. [PMID: 32192513 PMCID: PMC7081586 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-020-00407-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) resulting from administration of iodinated contrast media (CM) is the third leading cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Deteriorated renal microcirculation plays an important role in CI-AKI. Limb ischemic preconditioning (LIPC), where brief and non-injurious ischemia/reperfusion is applied to a limb prior to the administration of the contrast agent, is emerging as a promising strategy for CI-AKI prevention. However, it is not known whether the renal protection of LIPC against CI-AKI is mediated by regulation of renal microcirculation and the molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Methods In this study, we examined the renal cortical and medullary blood flow in a stable CI-AKI model using 5/6-nephrectomized (NE) rat. The LIPC and sham procedures were performed prior to the injection of CM. Furthermore, we analyzed renal medulla hypoxia using in vivo labeling of hypoxyprobe. Pharmacological inhibitions and western blotting were used to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results In this study, we found LIPC significantly ameliorated CM-induced reduction of medullary blood flow and attenuated CM-induced hypoxia. PI3K inhibitor (wortmannin) treatment blocked the regulation of medullary blood flow and the attenuation of hypoxia of LIPC. Phosphorylation of Akt/eNOS was significantly decreased via wortmannin treatment compared with LIPC. Nitric oxide synthase-inhibitor [Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)] treatment abolished the above effects and decreased phosphorylation of eNOS, but not Akt. Conclusions Collectively, the results demonstrate that LIPC ameliorates CM-induced renal vasocontraction and is mediated by activation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Division of Nephrology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Xuyi People's Hospital, Huaian, 211700, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanfen Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yushang Tang
- Division of Nephrology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Division of Nephrology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Jing
- Division of Nephrology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tongqiang Liu
- Division of Nephrology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China.
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27
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Medeiros RDCN, Moraes JO, Rodrigues SDC, Pereira LM, Aguiar HQDS, de Cordova CAS, Yim Júnior A, de Cordova FM. Thiamine Deficiency Modulates p38 MAPK and Heme Oxygenase-1 in Mouse Brain: Association with Early Tissue and Behavioral Changes. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:940-955. [PMID: 31989470 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thiamine deficiency (TD) produces severe neurodegenerative lesions. Studies have suggested that primary neurodegenerative events are associated with both oxidative stress and inflammation. Very little is known about the downstream effects on intracellular signaling pathways involved in neuronal death. The primary aim of this work was to evaluate the modulation of p38MAPK and the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in the central nervous system (CNS). Behavioral, metabolic, and morphological parameters were assessed. Mice were separated into six groups: control (Cont), TD with pyrithiamine (Ptd), TD with pyrithiamine and Trolox (Ptd + Tr), TD with pyrithiamine and dimethyl sulfoxide (Ptd + Dmso), Trolox (Tr) and DMSO (Dmso) control groups and treated for 9 days. Control groups received standard feed (AIN-93M), while TD groups received thiamine deficient feed (AIN-93DT). All the groups were subjected to behavioral tests, and CNS samples were collected for cell viability, histopathology and western blot analyses. The Ptd group showed a reduction in weight gain and feed intake, as well as a reduction in locomotor, grooming, and motor coordination activities. Also, Ptd group showed a robust increase in p38MAPK phosphorylation and mild HO-1 expression in the cerebral cortex and thalamus. The Ptd group showed a decreased cell viability, hemorrhage, spongiosis, and astrocytic swelling in the thalamus. Groups treated with Trolox and DMSO displayed diminished p38MAPK phosphorylation in both the structures, as well as attenuated thalamic lesions and behavioral activities. These data suggest that p38MAPK and HO-1 are involved in the TD-induced neurodegeneration in vivo, possibly modulated by oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Cássia Noronha Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, BR-153, km 112, Araguaína, TO, 77804-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana Oliveira Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, BR-153, km 112, Araguaína, TO, 77804-970, Brazil
| | | | - Leidiano Martins Pereira
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, BR-153, km 112, Araguaína, TO, 77804-970, Brazil
| | - Helen Quézia da Silva Aguiar
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, BR-153, km 112, Araguaína, TO, 77804-970, Brazil
| | | | - Alberto Yim Júnior
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, BR-153, km 112, Araguaína, TO, 77804-970, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Mendes de Cordova
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, BR-153, km 112, Araguaína, TO, 77804-970, Brazil.
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28
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Zhan L, Liu D, Wen H, Hu J, Pang T, Sun W, Xu E. Hypoxic postconditioning activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and protects against transient global cerebral ischemia through Dkk1 Inhibition and GSK-3β inactivation. FASEB J 2019; 33:9291-9307. [PMID: 31120770 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802633r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Wingless/Int (Wnt)/β-catenin pathway plays an essential role in cell survival. Although postconditioning with 8% oxygen can alleviate transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI)-induced neuronal damage in hippocampal CA1 subregion in adult rats as demonstrated by our previous studies, little is understood about the role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in hypoxic postconditioning (HPC)-induced neuroprotection. This study tried to investigate the involvement of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in HPC-induced neuroprotection against tGCI and explore the underlying molecular mechanism thereof. We observed that HPC elevated nuclear β-catenin level as well as increased Wnt3a and decreased Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) expression in CA1 after tGCI. Accordingly, HPC enhanced the expression of survivin and reduced the ratio of B-cell lymphoma/lewkmia-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax) to Bcl-2 following reperfusion. Moreover, our study has shown that these effects of HPC were abolished by lentivirus-mediated overexpression of Dkk1, and that the overexpression of Dkk1 completely reversed HPC-induced neuroprotection. Furthermore, HPC suppressed the activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) in CA1 after tGCI, and the inhibition of GSK-3β activity with SB216763 increased the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, up-regulated the expression of survivin, and reduced the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, thus preventing the delayed neuronal death after tGCI. Finally, the administration of LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K, increased GSK-3β activity and blocked nuclear β-catenin accumulation, thereby decreasing survivin expression and elevating the Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio after HPC. These results suggest that activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway through Dkk1 inhibition and PI3K/protein kinase B pathway-mediated GSK-3β inactivation contributes to the neuroprotection of HPC against tGCI.-Zhan, L., Liu, D., Wen, H., Hu, J., Pang, T., Sun, W., Xu, E. Hypoxic postconditioning activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and protects against transient global cerebral ischemia through Dkk1 inhibition and GSK-3β inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixuan Zhan
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Wen
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaoyue Hu
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taoyan Pang
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwen Sun
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - En Xu
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Wang D, Li X, Jiang Y, Jiang Y, Ma W, Yu P, Mao L. Ischemic Postconditioning Recovers Cortex Ascorbic Acid during Ischemia/Reperfusion Monitored with an Online Electrochemical System. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2576-2583. [PMID: 30883085 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a promising therapeutic treatment, ischemic postconditioning has recently received considerable attention. Although the neuroprotection effect of postconditioning has been observed, a reliable approach that can evaluate the neuroprotective efficiency of postconditioning treatment during the acute period after ischemia remains to be developed. This study investigates the dynamics of cortex ascorbic acid during the acute period of cerebral ischemia before and after ischemic postconditioning with an online electrochemical system (OECS). The cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and the neuronal functional outcome are evaluated with triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, immunohistochemistry, and electrophysiological recording techniques. Electrochemical recording results show that cortex ascorbic acid sharply increases 10 min after middle cerebral artery occlusion and then reaches a plateau. After direct reperfusion following ischemia (i.e., without ischemic postconditioning), the cortex ascorbic acid further increases and then starts to decrease slowly at a time point of about 40 min after reperfusion. In striking contrast, the cortex ascorbic acid drops and recovers to its basal level after ischemic postconditioning followed by reperfusion. With the recovery of cortex ascorbic acid, ischemic postconditioning concomitantly promotes the recovery of neural function and reduces the oxidative damage. These results demonstrate that our OECS for monitoring cortex ascorbic acid can be used as a platform for evaluating the neuroprotective efficiency of ischemic postconditioning in the acute phase of cerebral ischemia, which is of great importance for screening proper postconditioning parameters for preventing ischemic damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalei Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xianchan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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30
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Sprick JD, Mallet RT, Przyklenk K, Rickards CA. Ischaemic and hypoxic conditioning: potential for protection of vital organs. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:278-294. [PMID: 30597638 DOI: 10.1113/ep087122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? Remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) and hypoxic preconditioning as novel therapeutic approaches for cardiac and neuroprotection. What advances does it highlight? There is improved understanding of mechanisms and signalling pathways associated with ischaemic and hypoxic preconditioning, and potential pitfalls with application of these therapies to clinical trials have been identified. Novel adaptations of preconditioning paradigms have also been developed, including intermittent hypoxia training, RIPC training and RIPC-exercise, extending their utility to chronic settings. ABSTRACT Myocardial infarction and stroke remain leading causes of death worldwide, despite extensive resources directed towards developing effective treatments. In this Symposium Report we highlight the potential applications of intermittent ischaemic and hypoxic conditioning protocols to combat the deleterious consequences of heart and brain ischaemia. Insights into mechanisms underlying the protective effects of intermittent hypoxia training are discussed, including the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and Nrf2 transcription factors, synthesis of antioxidant and ATP-generating enzymes, and a shift in microglia from pro- to anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Although there is little argument regarding the efficacy of remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) in pre-clinical models, this strategy has not consistently translated into the clinical arena. This lack of translation may be related to the patient populations targeted thus far, and the anaesthetic regimen used in two of the major RIPC clinical trials. Additionally, we do not fully understand the mechanism through which RIPC protects the vital organs, and co-morbidities (e.g. hypercholesterolemia, diabetes) may interfere with its efficacy. Finally, novel adaptations have been made to extend RIPC to more chronic settings. One adaptation is RIPC-exercise (RIPC-X), an innovative paradigm that applies cyclical RIPC to blood flow restriction exercise (BFRE). Recent findings suggest that this novel exercise modality attenuates the exaggerated haemodynamic responses that may limit the use of conventional BFRE in some clinical settings. Collectively, intermittent ischaemic and hypoxic conditioning paradigms remain an exciting frontier for the protection against ischaemic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Sprick
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30307, USA.,Department of Physiology & Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Robert T Mallet
- Department of Physiology & Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Karin Przyklenk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Caroline A Rickards
- Department of Physiology & Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
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Moraes JO, Rodrigues SDC, Pereira LM, Medeiros RDCN, de Cordova CAS, de Cordova FM. Amprolium exposure alters mice behavior and metabolism in vivo. Animal Model Exp Med 2018; 1:272-281. [PMID: 30891577 PMCID: PMC6388078 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiamine deficiency (TD) models have been developed, mainly using the thiamine analog pyrithiamine. Other analogs have not been used in rodents. We aimed to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of intraperitoneal (ip) amprolium-induced TD in mice. We also evaluated the associated pathogenesis using antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds (Trolox, dimethyl sulfoxide). METHODS Male mice were separated into two groups, one receiving a standard diet (control animals), and the other a TD diet (deficient groups) for 20 days. Control mice were further subdivided into three groups receiving daily ip injections of saline (NaCl 0.9%; Cont group), Tolox (Tr group) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Dmso group). The three TD groups received amprolium (Amp group), amprolium and Trolox (Amp+Tr group), or amprolium and DMSO (Amp+Dmso group). The animals were subjected to behavioral tests and then euthanized. The brain and viscera were analyzed. RESULTS Amprolium exposure induced weight loss with hyporexia, reduced the behavioral parameters (locomotion, exploratory activity, and motor coordination), and induced changes in the brain (lower cortical cell viability) and liver (steatosis). Trolox co-treatment partially improved these conditions, but to a lesser extent than DMSO. CONCLUSIONS Amprolium-induced TD may be an interesting model, allowing the deficiency to develop more slowly and to a lesser extent. Amprolium exposure also seems to involve oxidative stress and inflammation, suggested as the main mechanisms of cell dysfunction in TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Oliveira Moraes
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública nos TrópicosUniversidade Federal do TocantinsAraguaínaTOBrazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabiano Mendes de Cordova
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública nos TrópicosUniversidade Federal do TocantinsAraguaínaTOBrazil
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32
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Neuroprotective Mechanism of Hypoxic Post-conditioning Involves HIF1-Associated Regulation of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Rat Brain. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:1425-1436. [PMID: 30448928 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Post-conditioning is exposure of an injured organism to the same harmful factors but of milder intensity which mobilizes endogenous protective mechanisms. Recently, we have developed a novel noninvasive post-conditioning (PostC) protocol involving three sequential episodes of mild hypobaric hypoxia which exerts pronounced neuroprotective action. In particular, it prevents development of pathological cascades caused by severe hypobaric hypoxia (SH) such as cellular loss, lipid peroxidation, abnormal neuroendocrine responses and behavioural deficit in experimental animals. Development of these post-hypoxic pathological effects has been associated with the delayed reduction of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) regulatory α-subunit levels in rat hippocampus, whereas PostC up-regulated it. The present study has been aimed at experimental examination of the hypothesis that intrinsic mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of PostC involves HIF1-dependent stimulation of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). We have observed that SH leads to a decrease of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity in the hippocampus and neocortex of rats as well as to a reduction in NADPH and total glutathione levels. This depletion of the antioxidant defense system together with excessive lipid peroxidation during the reoxygenation phase resulted in increased oxidative stress and massive cellular death observed after SH. In contrast, PostC led to normalization of G6PD activity, stabilization of the NADPH and total glutathione levels and thereby resulted in recovery of the cellular redox state and prevention of neuronal death. Our data suggest that stabilization of the antioxidant system via HIF1-associated PPP regulation represents an important neuroprotective mechanism enabled by PostC.
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Zhang H, Xiong X, Gu L, Xie W, Zhao H. CD4 T cell deficiency attenuates ischemic stroke, inhibits oxidative stress, and enhances Akt/mTOR survival signaling pathways in mice. Chin Neurosurg J 2018; 4. [PMID: 32832192 PMCID: PMC7398241 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-018-0140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inhibition of CD4 T cells reduces stroke-induced infarction by inhibiting neuroinflammation in the ischemic brain in experimental stroke. Nevertheless, little is known about its effects on neuronal survival signaling pathways. In this study, we investigated the effects of CD4 T cell deficits on oxidative stress and on the Akt/mTOR cell signaling pathways after ischemic stroke in mice. Methods MHC II gene knockout C57/BL6 mice, with significantly decreased CD4 T cells, were used. Stroke was induced by 60-min middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Ischemic brain tissues were harvested for Western blotting. Results The impairment of CD4 T cell production resulted in smaller infarction. The Western blot results showed that iNOS protein levels robustly increased at 5 h and 24 h and then returned toward baseline at 48 h in wild-type mice after stroke, and gene KO inhibited iNOS at 5 h and 24 h. In contrast, the anti-inflammatory marker, arginase I, was found increased after stroke in WT mice, which was further enhanced in the KO mice. In addition, stroke resulted in increased phosphorylated PTEN, Akt, PRAS40, P70S6, and S6 protein levels in WT mice, which were further enhanced in the animals whose CD4 T cells were impaired. Conclusion The impairment of CD4 T cell products prevents ischemic brain injury, inhibits inflammatory signals, and enhances the Akt/mTOR cell survival signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd., MSLS Bldg., Room P306, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd., MSLS Bldg., Room P306, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd., MSLS Bldg., Room P306, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weiying Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd., MSLS Bldg., Room P306, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd., MSLS Bldg., Room P306, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Doeppner TR, Zechmeister B, Kaltwasser B, Jin F, Zheng X, Majid A, Venkataramani V, Bähr M, Hermann DM. Very Delayed Remote Ischemic Post-conditioning Induces Sustained Neurological Recovery by Mechanisms Involving Enhanced Angioneurogenesis and Peripheral Immunosuppression Reversal. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:383. [PMID: 30420796 PMCID: PMC6216109 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic conditioning is defined as a transient and subcritical period of ischemia integrated in an experimental paradigm that involves a stimulus of injurious ischemia, activating endogenous tissue repair mechanisms that lead to cellular protection under pathological conditions like stroke. Whereas ischemic pre-conditioning is irrelevant for stroke treatment, ischemic post-conditioning, and especially non-invasive remote ischemic post-conditioning (rPostC) is an innovative and potential strategy for stroke treatment. Although rPostC has been shown to induce neuroprotection in stroke models before, resulting in some clinical trials on the way, fundamental questions with regard to its therapeutic time frame and its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Hence, we herein used a model of non-invasive rPostC of hind limbs after cerebral ischemia in male C57BL6 mice, studying the optimal timing for the application of rPostC and its underlying mechanisms for up to 3 months. Mice undergoing rPostC underwent three different paradigms, starting with the first cycle of rPostC 12 h, 24 h, or 5 days after stroke induction, which is a very delayed time point of rPostC that has not been studied elsewhere. rPostC as applied within 24 h post-stroke induces reduction of infarct volume on day three. On the contrary, very delayed rPostC does not yield reduction of infarct volume on day seven when first applied on day five, albeit long-term brain injury is significantly reduced. Likewise, very delayed rPostC yields sustained neurological recovery, whereas early rPostC (i.e., <24 h) results in transient neuroprotection only. The latter is mediated via heat shock protein 70 that is a well-known signaling protein involved in the pathophysiological cellular cascade of cerebral ischemia, leading to decreased proteasomal activity and decreased post-stroke inflammation. Very delayed rPostC on day five, however, induces a pleiotropic effect, among which a stimulation of angioneurogenesis, a modulation of the ischemic extracellular milieu, and a reversal of the stroke-induced immunosuppression occur. As such, very delayed rPostC appears to be an attractive tool for future adjuvant stroke treatment that deserves further preclinical attention before large clinical trials are in order, which so far have predominantly focused on early rPostC only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bozena Zechmeister
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Britta Kaltwasser
- Department of Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Fengyan Jin
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Arshad Majid
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Vivek Venkataramani
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
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Lv H, Li J, Che YQ. CXCL8 gene silencing promotes neuroglial cells activation while inhibiting neuroinflammation through the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB-signaling pathway in mice with ischemic stroke. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7341-7355. [PMID: 30362547 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ischemic stroke is known as a neurodegenerative disorder, which induces long-period tissue damage. Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8) is involved in acute inflammation and tumor progression through the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B/nuclear factor-κB (PI3K/Akt/NF-κB)-signaling pathway. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism of CXCL8 in ischemic stroke in relation to the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB-signaling pathway. METHODS Microarray-based gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was used to identify ischemic stroke-related differentially expressed genes and explore role of CXCL8 in ischemic stroke. Next, the ischemic mice model was successfully established, with transfection efficiency detected. After that, deflection index, recovery of nervous system, infarct sizes, ischemia-induced apoptosis, and neuroinflammatory response in ischemic stroke were measured. At last, the content of inflammatory factors as well as the expression of CXCL8, caspase-3, caspase-9, Bad, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Akt, PI3K, and NF-κB were determined. RESULTS Comprehensive gene expression profiling analysis identified that CXCL8 might affect the development of ischemic stroke through regulating the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB-signaling pathway. CXCL8 silencing significantly reduced deflection index and infarct size, improved neurological function, and suppressed neuroglial cell loss and apoptosis index. In addition, glial fibrillary acidic portein (GFAP) and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA-1) expressions were decreased following CXCL8 suppression, suggesting CXCL8 affected neuroglial activation. Importantly, we also found that CXCL8 silencing activated neuroglial cell and suppressed inflammatory cytokine production in ischemic stroke mice. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings highlight that functional suppression of CXCL8 promotes neuroglial activation and inhibits neuroinflammation by regulating the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB-signaling pathway in mice with ischemic stroke, which might provide new insight for ischemic stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lv
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Qin Che
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Esposito E, Hayakawa K, Ahn BJ, Chan SJ, Xing C, Liang AC, Kim KW, Arai K, Lo EH. Effects of ischemic post-conditioning on neuronal VEGF regulation and microglial polarization in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. J Neurochem 2018; 146:160-172. [PMID: 29570780 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic postconditioning is increasingly being investigated as a therapeutic approach for cerebral ischemia. However, the majority of studies are focused on the acute protection of neurons per se. Whether and how postconditioning affects multiple cells in the recovering neurovascular unit remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we asked whether postconditioning may modulate help-me signaling between injured neurons and reactive microglia. Rats were subjected to 100 min of focal cerebral ischemia, then randomized into a control versus postconditioning group. After 3 days of reperfusion, infarct volumes were significantly reduced in animals treated with postconditioning, along with better neurologic outcomes. Immunostaining revealed that ischemic postconditioning increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in neurons within peri-infarct regions. Correspondingly, we confirmed that VEGFR2 was expressed on Iba1-positive microglia/macrophages, and confocal microscopy showed that in postconditioned rats, these cells were polarized to a ramified morphology with higher expression of M2-like markers. Treating rats with a VEGF receptor 2 kinase inhibitor negated these effects of postconditioning on microglia/macrophage polarization. In vitro, postconditoning after oxygen-glucose deprivation up-regulated VEGF release in primary neuron cultures, and adding VEGF to microglial cultures partly shifted their M2-like markers. Altogether, our findings support the idea that after postconditioning, injured neurons may release VEGF as a 'help-me' signal that promotes microglia/macrophage polarization into potentially beneficial phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elga Esposito
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kazuhide Hayakawa
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bum Ju Ahn
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jing Chan
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Institute of Medical Biology, Glycotherapeutics Group, Immunos, Singapore
| | - Changhong Xing
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna C Liang
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyu-Won Kim
- NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ken Arai
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eng H Lo
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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Wang P, Xie R, Cheng M, Sapolsky R, Ji X, Zhao H. The mTOR cell signaling pathway is crucial to the long-term protective effects of ischemic postconditioning against stroke. Neurosci Lett 2018; 676:58-65. [PMID: 29605662 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) protects against stroke, but few have studied the pathophysiological mechanisms of its long-term protective effects. Here, we investigated whether the mTOR pathway is involved in the long-term protective effects of IPostC. Stroke was induced in rats by distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAo) combined with 30 min of bilateral common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion, and IPostC was induced after the CCA release. Injury size and behavioral tests were measured up to 3 weeks post stroke. We used rapamycin and mTOR shRNA lentiviral vectors to inhibit mTOR activities, while S6K1 viral vectors, a main downstream mTOR gene, were used to promote mTOR activities. We found that rapamycin administration abolished the long-term protective effects of IPostC. In addition, IPostC promoted the presynaptic growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43) and the postsynaptic protein 95 (PSD-95) levels at 1 week post-stroke, which were reduced by rapamycin. Furthermore, rapamycin reduced phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) protein levels measured at 3 weeks after stroke. These results were confirmed by mTOR shRNA transfection. Moreover, we found that injection of S6K1 viral vectors promoted GAP-43 and PSD-95 protein levels. We conclude that mTOR may play a crucial, protective role in brain damage after stroke and contribute to the protective effects of IPostC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Rong Xie
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Michelle Cheng
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Departments of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Robert Sapolsky
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical School, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Heng Zhao
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
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Xie R, Li J, Zhao H. The underlying mechanisms involved in the protective effects of ischemic postconditioning. CONDITIONING MEDICINE 2018; 1:73-79. [PMID: 29782624 PMCID: PMC5959054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic postconditioning (PostC) refers to a series of brief ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) cycles applied at the onset of reperfusion following an ischemic event. PostC has been shown to have neuroprotective effects, and represents a promising clinical strategy against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Many studies have indicated that cerebral PostC can effectively reduce neural cell death, cerebral edema and infarct size, improve cerebral circulation, and relieve inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress. In addition, several protective molecular pathways such as Akt, mTOR and MAPK have been shown to play a role in PostC-induced neuroprotection. PostC represents an attractive therapeutic option because of its ability to be induced rapidly or in a delayed fashion, as well as being inducible by pharmacological agents. As a potential clinical treatment, PostC is therapeutically translatable as it can be induced remotely. The underlying mechanisms of PostC have been systematically investigated, but still need to be comprehensively analyzed. As most PostC studies to date were conducted preclinically using animal models, future studies are needed to optimize protocols in order to accelerate the clinical translation of PostC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Zhang W, Wang Y, Bi G. Limb remote ischaemic postconditioning-induced elevation of fibulin-5 confers neuroprotection to rats with cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury: Activation of the AKT pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 44:656-663. [PMID: 28251683 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Limb remote ischaemic postconditioning (RIPostC) is an effective and well-acknowledged treatment for brain ischaemia injury. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of fibulin-5 in the neuroprotection of RIPostC against cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established in rats and then RIPostC was carried out by three cycles of 10 minutes occlusion/10 minutes release of the bilateral femoral artery at the beginning of the reperfusion. To downregulate the fibulin-5 level, fibulin-5 siRNA was injected into the lateral ventricle 24 hours before MCAO. According to our present study, RIPostC attenuated cerebral I/R injury by decreasing infarct volume, improving neurobehavioral score and suppressing blood brain barrier (BBB) leakage. Moreover, the mRNA and protein levels of fibulin-5 were upregulated by RIPostC at 24 hours and 72 hours after reperfusion. Downregulation of fibulin-5 attenuated the neuroprotection of RIPostC. Finally, the result showed that fibulin-5 was upregulated by RIPostC via activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Taken together, these results provide evidence that upregulation of fibulin-5 is involved in the beneficial effect of RIPostC against cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guorong Bi
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Jeong J, Kim S, Lim DS, Kim SH, Doh H, Kim SD, Song YS. TLR5 Activation through NF-κB Is a Neuroprotective Mechanism of Postconditioning after Cerebral Ischemia in Mice. Exp Neurobiol 2017; 26:213-226. [PMID: 28912644 PMCID: PMC5597552 DOI: 10.5607/en.2017.26.4.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Postconditioning has been shown to protect the mouse brain from ischemic injury. However, the neuroprotective mechanisms of postconditioning remain elusive. We have found that toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) plays an integral role in postconditioning-induced neuroprotection through Akt/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation in cerebral ischemia. Compared to animals that received 30 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) group, animals that also underwent postconditioning showed a significant reduction of up to 60.51% in infarct volume. Postconditioning increased phospho-Akt (p-Akt) levels and NF-κB translocation to the nucleus as early as 1 h after tMCAO and oxygen-glucose deprivation. Furthermore, inhibition of Akt by Akt inhibitor IV decreased NF-κB promoter activity after postconditioning. Immunoprecipitation showed that interactions between TLR5, MyD88, and p-Akt were increased from postconditioning both in vivo and in vitro. Similar to postconditioning, flagellin, an agonist of TLR5, increased NF-κB nuclear translocation and Akt phosphorylation. Our results suggest that postconditioning has neuroprotective effects by activating NF-κB and Akt survival pathways via TLR5 after cerebral ischemia. Additionally, the TLR5 agonist flagellin can simulate the neuroprotective mechanism of postconditioning in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Soojin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Da-Sol Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Seo-Hea Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Heeju Doh
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - So-Dam Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Yun Seon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
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Li X, Ren C, Li S, Han R, Gao J, Huang Q, Jin K, Luo Y, Ji X. Limb Remote Ischemic Conditioning Promotes Myelination by Upregulating PTEN/Akt/mTOR Signaling Activities after Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Aging Dis 2017; 8:392-401. [PMID: 28840054 PMCID: PMC5524802 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb Remote ischemic conditioning (LRIC) has been proved to be a promising neuroprotective method in white matter lesions after ischemia; however, its mechanism underlying protection after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated whether LRIC promoted myelin growth by activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway in a rat chronic hypoperfusion model. Thirty adult male Sprague Dawley underwent permanent double carotid artery (2VO), and limb remote ischemic conditioning was applied for 3 days after the 2VO surgery. Cognitive function, oligodendrocyte counts, myelin density, apoptosis and proliferation activity, as well as PTEN/Akt/mTOR signaling activity were determined 4 weeks after treatment. We found that LRIC significantly inhibited oligodendrocytes apoptosis (p<0.05), promoted myelination (p<0.01) in the corpus callosum and improved spatial learning impairment (p<0.05) at 4 weeks after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Oligodendrocytes proliferation, along with demyelination, in corpus callosum were not obviously affected by LRIC (p>0.05). Western blot analysis indicated that LRIC upregulated PTEN/Akt/mTOR signaling activities in corpus callosum (p<0.05). Our results suggest that LRIC exerts neuroprotective effect on white matter injuries through activating PTEN/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- 1Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Changhong Ren
- 1Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.,6Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Sijie Li
- 5Emergency department, Xuanwu hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Rongrong Han
- 1Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jinhuan Gao
- 1Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qingjian Huang
- 1Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Kunlin Jin
- 4Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA
| | - Yinghao Luo
- 2Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- 1Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.,3Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,6Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
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Wu D, Shi J, Elmadhoun O, Duan Y, An H, Zhang J, He X, Meng R, Liu X, Ji X, Ding Y. Dihydrocapsaicin (DHC) enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat. Brain Res 2017; 1671:18-25. [PMID: 28684048 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypothermia has demonstrated neuroprotection following ischemia in preclinical studies while its clinical application is still very limited. The aim of this study was to explore whether combining local hypothermia in ischemic territory achieved by intra-arterial cold infusions (IACIs) with pharmacologically induced hypothermia enhances therapeutic outcomes, as well as the underlying mechanism. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2h using intraluminal hollow filament. The ischemic rats were randomized to receive: 1) pharmacological hypothermia by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of dihydrocapsaicin (DHC); 2) physical hypothermia by IACIs for 10min; or 3) the combined treatments. Extent of brain injury was determined by neurological deficit, infarct volume, and apoptotic cell death at 24h and/or 7d following reperfusion. ATP and ROS levels were measured. Expression of p-Akt, cleaved Caspase-3, pro-apoptotic (AIF, Bax) and anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL) was evaluated at 24h. Finally, PI3K inhibitor was used to determine the effect of p-Akt. RESULTS DHC or IACIs each exhibited hypothermic effect and neuroprotection in rat MCAO models. The combination of pharmacological and physical approaches led to a faster and sustained reduction in brain temperatures and improved ischemia-induced injury than either alone (P<0.01). Furthermore, the combination treatment favorably increased the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and decreased pro-apoptotic protein levels (P<0.01 or 0.05). This neuroprotective effect was largely blocked by p-Akt inhibition, indicating a potential role of Akt pathway in this mechanism (P<0.01 or 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The combination approach is able to enhance the efficiency of hypothermia and efficacy of hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke. The findings here move us a step closer towards translating this long recognized TH from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Jingfei Shi
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Omar Elmadhoun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yunxia Duan
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong An
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoduo He
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Meng
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangrong Liu
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Postconditioning-induced neuroprotection, mechanisms and applications in cerebral ischemia. Neurochem Int 2017; 107:43-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Overview of Experimental and Clinical Findings regarding the Neuroprotective Effects of Cerebral Ischemic Postconditioning. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6891645. [PMID: 28473987 PMCID: PMC5394355 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6891645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Research on attenuating the structural and functional deficits observed following ischemia-reperfusion has become increasingly focused on the therapeutic potential of ischemic postconditioning. In recent years, various methods and animal models of ischemic postconditioning have been utilized. The results of these numerous studies have indicated that the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of ischemic postconditioning may involve reductions in the generation of free radicals and inhibition of calcium overload, as well as the release of endogenous active substances, alterations in membrane channel function, and activation of protein kinases. Here we review the novel discovery, mechanism, key factors, and clinical application of ischemic postconditioning and discuss its implications for future research and problem of clinical practice.
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Vetrovoy OV, Rybnikova EA, Samoilov MO. Cerebral mechanisms of hypoxic/ischemic postconditioning. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:392-400. [DOI: 10.1134/s000629791703018x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Xing G, Luo Z, Zhong C, Pan X, Xu X. Influence of miR-155 on Cell Apoptosis in Rats with Ischemic Stroke: Role of the Ras Homolog Enriched in Brain (Rheb)/mTOR Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:5141-5153. [PMID: 28025572 PMCID: PMC5215517 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We designed and carried out this study to examine the role of miR-155 and the Rheb/mTOR pathway in ischemic stroke. We also investigated how these two elements interact with each other and contribute to injuries resulting from ischemic stroke. Material/Methods We used both a middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model in vivo and an oxygen-glucose deprivation cell model in vitro to simulate the onset of ischemic stroke. miR-155 mimics, miR-155 inhibitors, and Rheb siRNA were transfected to alter the expression of miR-155 and Rheb. Infarct sizes were measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining; cell apoptosis rates were calculated using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and flow cytometry. Levels of miR-155, Rheb, mTOR, and S6K were examined by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and western blot. We performed a luciferase activity assay so that the association between miR-155 and Rheb could be fully assessed. Results We demonstrated that miR-155 bound the 3′-UTR of Rheb and suppressed Rheb expression. As suggested by animal models, significant cerebral infarct volumes and cell apoptosis were induced by increased expression of miR-155 and decreased expression of Rheb, mTOR, and p-S6K (P<0.05). miR-155 inhibitors exhibited protective effects on ischemic stroke, including down-regulation of infarction size in cerebral tissues in vivo and reduced apoptosis of BV2 cells in vitro with increased expression of Rheb, mTOR and p-S6K (P<0.05). These protective effects could be substantially antagonized by the transfection of Rheb siRNA (P<0.05). Conclusions Inhibition of miR-155 may play protective roles in ischemic stroke by phosphorylating S6K through the Rheb/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Xing
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zengxiang Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Chi Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xudong Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Geng X, Li F, Yip J, Peng C, Elmadhoun O, Shen J, Ji X, Ding Y. Neuroprotection by Chlorpromazine and Promethazine in Severe Transient and Permanent Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:8140-8150. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Doeppner TR, Doehring M, Kaltwasser B, Majid A, Lin F, Bähr M, Kilic E, Hermann DM. Ischemic Post-Conditioning Induces Post-Stroke Neuroprotection via Hsp70-Mediated Proteasome Inhibition and Facilitates Neural Progenitor Cell Transplantation. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6061-6073. [PMID: 27699598 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In view of the failure of pharmacological therapies, alternative strategies promoting post-stroke brain repair are needed. Post-conditioning is a potentially promising therapeutic strategy, which induces acute neuroprotection against ischemic injury. To elucidate longer lasting actions of ischemic post-conditioning, mice were exposed to a 60-min stroke and post-conditioning by an additional 10-min stroke that was induced 10 min after reperfusion onset. Animals were sacrificed 24 h or 28 days post-stroke. Post-conditioning reduced infarct volume and neurological deficits 24 h post-stroke, enhancing blood-brain barrier integrity, reducing brain leukocyte infiltration, and reducing oxidative stress. On the molecular level, post-conditioning yielded increased Hsp70 expression, whereas nuclear factor (NF)-κB and proteasome activities were decreased. Reduced infarct volume and proteasome inhibition were reversed by Hsp70 knockdown, suggesting a critical role of the Hsp70 proteasome pathway in ischemic post-conditioning. The survival-promoting effects of ischemic post-conditioning, however, were not sustainable as neuroprotection and neurological recovery were lost 28 days post-stroke. Although angioneurogenesis was not increased by post-conditioning, the favorable extracellular milieu facilitated intracerebral transplantation of neural progenitor cells 6 h post-stroke, resulting in persisted neuroprotection and neurological recovery. Thus, post-conditioning might support brain repair processes, but in view of its transient, neuroprotection is unlikely useful as stroke therapy in its current form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany. .,Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Maria Doehring
- Oberhavel Kliniken, Department of Internal Medicine, Oranienburg, Germany
| | - Britta Kaltwasser
- Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Arshad Majid
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Fengyan Lin
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ertugrul Kilic
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
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