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Nguyen TT, Xuan TTT, Ngoc TH, Duyen LTM, Vinh TQ, My PDT, Hoang HA, Nga LP. Diverse Bacteriophages Infecting the Bacterial Striped Catfish Pathogen Edwardsiella ictaluri. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091830. [PMID: 34576725 PMCID: PMC8465730 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages infecting Edwardsiella ictaluri have been less investigated, although the host bacterium is one of the most important fish pathogens causing enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC). We present here two distinctly novel bacteriophages vB_EiM_PVN06 and vB_EiA_PVN09 infecting Edwardsiella ictaluri E1, with their geographical origins from the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Bacteriophage vB_EiM_PVN06 native to a mud sample reveals complete differences of biological properties with the phage vB_EiA_PVN09 originated from a viscus of a healthy catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) cultured in the same area. Morphological analyses combined with genomic data indicate that phage vB_EiM_PVN06 is classified to Myoviridae family and shares high similarity with E. ictaluri phage PEi21 genome, while vB_EiA_PVN09 is a member of Teseptimavirus genus, Autographiviridae family, and mostly closes to phage vB_EcoP_IME390. The vB_EiA_PVN09 is a T7-like bacteriophage, which has been firstly found infecting to E. ictaluri, and host range analysis also evidences for the cross-infection of this phage to Escherichia coli K12 and Escherichia coli DH5α. Together, our research highlights the diversity of bacteriophages infecting the pathogen E. ictaluri and suggests further explorations of lytic phages in environmental niches, to be exploited in feasible strategies of phage therapy in ESC disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan-Trung Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.-T.N.); (T.T.T.X.); (T.H.N.); (L.T.M.D.); (T.Q.V.); (P.D.T.M.); (H.A.H.)
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Tran T. T. Xuan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.-T.N.); (T.T.T.X.); (T.H.N.); (L.T.M.D.); (T.Q.V.); (P.D.T.M.); (H.A.H.)
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - To H. Ngoc
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.-T.N.); (T.T.T.X.); (T.H.N.); (L.T.M.D.); (T.Q.V.); (P.D.T.M.); (H.A.H.)
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Le T. My Duyen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.-T.N.); (T.T.T.X.); (T.H.N.); (L.T.M.D.); (T.Q.V.); (P.D.T.M.); (H.A.H.)
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Tu Q. Vinh
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.-T.N.); (T.T.T.X.); (T.H.N.); (L.T.M.D.); (T.Q.V.); (P.D.T.M.); (H.A.H.)
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Pham D. T. My
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.-T.N.); (T.T.T.X.); (T.H.N.); (L.T.M.D.); (T.Q.V.); (P.D.T.M.); (H.A.H.)
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Hoang A. Hoang
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.-T.N.); (T.T.T.X.); (T.H.N.); (L.T.M.D.); (T.Q.V.); (P.D.T.M.); (H.A.H.)
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Le P. Nga
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.-T.N.); (T.T.T.X.); (T.H.N.); (L.T.M.D.); (T.Q.V.); (P.D.T.M.); (H.A.H.)
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +84-902-966166
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Takeuchi H, Hiratsuka M, Hori K, Oinuma H, Umino Y, Nakano D, Iwadare M, Tomono R, Imai T, Mashiko H, Namba A, Takase T, Shimizu S, Nakai T, Mano N. Environmental factors affecting Edwardsiella ictaluri-induced mortality of riverine ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1065-1074. [PMID: 33755230 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We analysed the predisposing factors for Edwardsiella ictaluri infection in the riverine ayu Plecoglossus altivelis on the basis of environmental and epidemiological data obtained in a tributary to and the lower reaches of the Tama River, Japan, in July and August 2011-2015. Mortality of ayu due to E. ictaluri infection was observed only in the tributary in August 2012 and 2013; both periods were unusually hot. During these mortality events, daily average water temperatures rose approximately 3-4°C over 4-8 days, reaching the optimum temperature for E. ictaluri infection (>25°C) and approaching the upper tolerable limit for ayu (30°C). Diurnal water temperature ranges (DWTRs) in the tributary during the mortality events exceeded 6°C, which was 1-2°C greater than in the lower reaches. Experimental infection of ayu with E. ictaluri resulted in higher mortality when exposed to 6°C DWTR than to 4°C DWTR. Furthermore, water levels in the tributary were generally low in August 2012 and 2013 because of low rainfall. From these results, we conclude that unusually high-water temperatures combined with high DWTRs and low water levels drove riverine ayu mortality from E. ictaluri infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Takeuchi
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
- South Ehime Fisheries Research Center, Ehime University, Ainan-cho, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Hiratsuka
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Kazutomo Hori
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oinuma
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Umino
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Daiki Nakano
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Mayu Iwadare
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Ryuji Tomono
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Imai
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Hirohito Mashiko
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Aki Namba
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Takase
- Tokyo Metropolitan Islands Area Research and Development Center of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Minato, Japan
| | - Sonoko Shimizu
- South Ehime Fisheries Research Center, Ehime University, Ainan-cho, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nakai
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Mano
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
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Gaafar AY, Hassan Abdullah ES, Mahmoud MM, Younes AM, Nakai T. Pathological and immunohistochemical studies following the experimental infection of ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) by Edwardsiella ictaluri. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 84:460-470. [PMID: 32964543 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, several mass mortalities were recorded in riverine ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) in Tokyo Metropolis, Hiroshima Prefecture, and Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan; in these outbreaks, microbiological and pathological examinations revealed Edwardsiella ictaluri as the causative agent. In this study, histopathological findings and immunohistochemical localization of the bacteria following experimental infection of ayu were discussed. Infection experiments were performed using 44 healthy cultured ayu fingerlings using E. ictaluri isolate (H90). The fish were injected with the isolate intraperitoneally with a dose of 5.1 × 105 cfu/fish, while the control fish were injected with sterile phosphate buffered saline. The fish were observed for clinical signs, with daily collection of dead fish, and isolation of bacteria from the posterior kidney was performed and confirmed to be E. ictaluri by slide agglutination using anti-PH0744 serum. Daily collection of five moribund fish for necropsy and tissue specimens collection from hepatopancreas, spleen, posterior kidney, gills, brain, heart, and intestine for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. Post-mortem lesions were recorded as exophthalmia, bloody ascitis, hemorrhagic kidney and distended gallbladder, meningio-encephalitis, hemorrhagic vent, and petechial hemorrhages on viscera. Histopathological examination revealed diffuse severe congestion in blood vessels and several degenerative and necrotic changes inconcurrent with positive antigenic staining by immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkhateib Y Gaafar
- Hydrobiology Department, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ebtsam Sayed Hassan Abdullah
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mostafa Mahmoud
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abdelgayed M Younes
- Hydrobiology Department, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Toshihiro Nakai
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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Kayansamruaj P, Areechon N, Unajak S. Development of fish vaccine in Southeast Asia: A challenge for the sustainability of SE Asia aquaculture. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:73-87. [PMID: 32335313 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Southeast (SE) Asia plays an important role in global food security as this region has been regarded as one of the major producers of aquaculture product and, to date, freshwater fish accounted for one-third of the total aquaculture in SE Asia. The intensification of freshwater farming corresponding to increase of consumer demands has inevitably led to the emergence and re-emergence of diseases causing tremendous economic loss in the region. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), the major freshwater fish species of SE Asia, have been reported susceptible to several bacterial pathogens, e.g. Streptococcus agalactiae, Edwardsiella ictalurid and Flavobacterium columnare. Since only a limited number of vaccines being registered and marketed, these pathogenic organisms still represent a severe threat to aquaculture industry in SE Asia. However, there is profound advancement in the understanding of disease epidemiology, pathogenic mechanisms, teleost mucosal immunity and vaccine delivery system over the last few years. This review aimed to summarize those recent findings which hopefully can provide novel insight into the future development of suitable vaccine and vaccination regime against bacterial infection in SE Asia region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattanapon Kayansamruaj
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 10900, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Nontawith Areechon
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 10900, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sasimanas Unajak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 10900, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Buján N, Balboa S, L Romalde J, E Toranzo A, Magariños B. Population genetic and evolution analysis of controversial genus Edwardsiella by multilocus sequence typing. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 127:513-521. [PMID: 29751087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
At present, the genus Edwardsiella compiles five species: E. tarda, E. hoshinae, E. ictaluri, E. piscicida and E. anguillarum. Some species of this genus such us E. ictaluri and E. piscicida are important pathogens of numerous fish species. With the description of the two latter species, the phylogeny of Edwardsiella became more complicated. With the aim to clarify the relationships among all species in the genus, a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) approach was developed and applied to characterize 56 isolates and 6 reference strains belonging to the five Edwardsiella species. Moreover, several analyses based on the MLST scheme were performed to investigate the evolution within the genus, as well as the influence of recombination and mutation in the speciation. Edwardsiella isolates presented a high genetic variability reflected in the fourteen sequence types (ST) represented by a single isolates out of eighteen total ST. Mutation events were considerably more frequent than recombination, although both approximately equal influenced the genetic diversification. However, the speciation among species occurred mostly by recombination. Edwardsiella genus displays a non-clonal population structure with some degree of geographical isolation followed by a population expansion of E. piscicida. A database from this study was created and hosted on pubmlst.org (http://pubmlst.org/edwardsiella/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Buján
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía and Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Sabela Balboa
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía and Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús L Romalde
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía and Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alicia E Toranzo
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía and Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Beatriz Magariños
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía and Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Buján N, Mohammed H, Balboa S, Romalde JL, Toranzo AE, Arias CR, Magariños B. Genetic studies to re-affiliate Edwardsiella tarda fish isolates to Edwardsiella piscicida and Edwardsiella anguillarum species. Syst Appl Microbiol 2017; 41:30-37. [PMID: 29150173 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Until 2012, the genus Edwardsiella was composed by three species Edwardsiella tarda, Edwardsiella hoshinae and Edwardsiella ictaluri. In 2013, Edwardsiella piscicida, compiling fish pathogenic strains previously identified as E. tarda was described, and more recently a new species isolated from diseased eel was reported, namely Edwardsiella anguillarum. The incorporation of these species into the genus makes necessary a revision of the taxonomic position of the isolates previously identified as E. tarda. Using AFLP technique, MLSA studies and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization, 46 of 49 E. tarda isolates were re-assigned as E. piscicida and 2 as E. anguillarum, whereas it was confirmed previous classification of the Edwardsiella types and reference strains used. The study of the taxonomic resolution of the genes 16S rRNA, adk, atpD, dnaJ, glnA, hsp60, tuf as well as the possible combinations among housekeeping genes, showed that the gene dnaJ was the more resolutive. In conclusion, the use of molecular techniques is necessary to accurately identify Edwardsiella isolates, especially when differentiating new species from E. tarda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Buján
- Departamento de Microbioloxía y Parasitoloxía, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía and Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
| | - Haitham Mohammed
- Aquatic Microbiology Laboratory, SFAAS, Center for Advanced Science, Innovation, and Commerce, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Sabela Balboa
- Departamento de Microbioloxía y Parasitoloxía, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía and Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Jesús L Romalde
- Departamento de Microbioloxía y Parasitoloxía, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía and Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Alicia E Toranzo
- Departamento de Microbioloxía y Parasitoloxía, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía and Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Cova R Arias
- Aquatic Microbiology Laboratory, SFAAS, Center for Advanced Science, Innovation, and Commerce, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Beatriz Magariños
- Departamento de Microbioloxía y Parasitoloxía, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía and Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
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Rogge ML, Dubytska L, Jung TS, Wiles J, Elkamel AA, Rennhoff A, Oanh DT, Thune RL. Comparison of Vietnamese and US isolates of Edwardsiella ictaluri. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2013; 106:17-29. [PMID: 24062549 DOI: 10.3354/dao02620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We compared Edwardsiella ictaluri from striped catfish in Vietnam with US channel catfish isolates. Biochemical analyses and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene confirmed that the Vietnamese isolates were E. ictaluri. Comparison using rep-PCR fingerprinting demonstrated no significant differences between the isolates, but plasmid analysis indicated that the Vietnamese isolates grouped into 4 plasmid profiles, each different from the typical pEI1 and pEI2 plasmid profile found in the US isolates. Sequencing plasmids representative of the 4 profiles indicated that all contained derivatives of the E. ictaluri plasmid pEI1, whereas only 1 contained a plasmid derivative of the E. ictaluri plasmid pEI2. The pEI2 encoded type III secretion effector, EseI, and its chaperone, EscD, were found to be present on the chromosome in isolates lacking a pEI2 derivative. In addition, 1 isolate carried a 5023 bp plasmid that does not have homology to either pEI1 or pEI2. Furthermore, Vietnamese isolates were PCR positive for the type III and type VI secretion system genes esrC and evpC, respectively, and the urease enzyme, but were PCR-negative for the putative type IV secretion system gene virD4. A monoclonal antibody against the lipopolysaccharide of E. ictaluri ATCC 33202 did not react with the Asian isolates or with the more recent US isolates. Antibiotic resistance patterns were variable and did not correlate to the presence of any particular plasmid profile. Finally, the Vietnamese isolates were avirulent and had a significantly reduced capacity for intracellular replication within head-kidney-derived channel catfish macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Rogge
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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