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Knecht KT, Chiriac G, Guan HD. The potential impact of a vegetarian diet on glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol 2024; 69:833-841. [PMID: 38768761 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma has centered on the lowering of intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve; however, this strategy is not uniformly successful, especially in normal tension glaucoma, and there is interest in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other neuroprotective strategies. Vegetarian diets are known to be rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory components and have a number of established health benefits. Thus, it would be reasonable to assume that vegetarian diets would be beneficial in glaucoma, but this approach has not been well studied. We examine the possible role of vegetarian diets and their components in the incidence and progression of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn T Knecht
- Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiriac
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Howard D Guan
- Loma Linda University Eye Institute, Loma Linda, California, USA.
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2
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Zhu Y, Wang K, Jia X, Fu C, Yu H, Wang Y. Antioxidant peptides, the guardian of life from oxidative stress. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:275-364. [PMID: 37621230 DOI: 10.1002/med.21986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during oxidative metabolism in aerobic organisms. Under normal conditions, ROS production and elimination are in a relatively balanced state. However, under internal or external environmental stress, such as high glucose levels or UV radiation, ROS production can increase significantly, leading to oxidative stress. Excess ROS production not only damages biomolecules but is also closely associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as skin photoaging, diabetes, and cancer. Antioxidant peptides (AOPs) are naturally occurring or artificially designed peptides that can reduce the levels of ROS and other pro-oxidants, thus showing great potential in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases. In this review, we discussed ROS production and its role in inducing oxidative stress-related diseases in humans. Additionally, we discussed the sources, mechanism of action, and evaluation methods of AOPs and provided directions for future studies on AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Zhu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyi Jia
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Science and Technology Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Caili Fu
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haining Yu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Heilenbach N, Hu G, Lamrani R, Prasad J, Ogunsola T, Iskander M, Elgin CY, McGowan R, Vieira D, Al-Aswad LA. Environmental influences on ophthalmic conditions: A scoping review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 51:516-545. [PMID: 37309709 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental factors have been implicated in various eye pathologies. The purpose of this review is to synthesise the published research on environmental effects on eye disease. METHODS Four databases were searched for terms relating to environmental exposures and ophthalmic disease. Titles and abstracts were screened followed by full-text review. Data was extracted from 118 included studies. Quality assessment was conducted for each study. RESULTS Air pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide, nitrites, sulphur dioxide, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, ozone and hydrocarbons are associated with ocular conditions ranging from corneal damage to various retinopathies, including central retinal artery occlusion. Certain chemicals and metals, such as cadmium, are associated with increased risk of age-related macular degeneration. Climate factors, such as sun exposure, have been associated with the development of cataracts. Living in rural areas was associated with various age-related eye diseases whereas people living in urban settings had higher risk for dry eye disease and uveitis. CONCLUSION Environmental exposures in every domain are associated with various ophthalmic conditions. These findings underscore the importance of continued research on the interplay between the environment and eye health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Heilenbach
- Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Galen Hu
- Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ryan Lamrani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Jaideep Prasad
- Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Titilola Ogunsola
- Department of Ophthalmology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Mina Iskander
- Miller School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Cansu Yuksel Elgin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul Universitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Richard McGowan
- Health Sciences Library, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dorice Vieira
- Health Sciences Library, New York University, New York, New York, USA
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4
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Nahar N, Mohamed S, Mustapha NM, Fong LS. Protective effects of Labisia pumila against neuropathy in a diabetic rat model. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:1-11. [PMID: 35673507 PMCID: PMC9167350 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00905-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Diabetes accelerates peripheral, distal symmetric polyneuropathy, small fiber predominant neuropathy, radiculoplexopathy, and autonomic neuropathy. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of gallic acid and myricetin-rich Labisia pumila extract in a diabetic neuropathy rat model and evaluated the neuropathy correlationship with serum inflammatory biomarkers. Methods Thirty male rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 6), namely: healthy control; non-treated diabetic control; and diabetic-rats treated with 200 mg/kg metformin; Labisia pumila ethanol extract (LP) at 150 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg doses. Diabetes was induced by 60 mg streptozotocin /kg intraperitoneal injection. Rats were orally treated daily for ten weeks. Their fasting blood glucose (FBG), neurological functions (hot plate and tail immersion; thermal hyperalgesia; cold allodynia; motor walking function), biomarkers for inflammation and oxidative stress, the neuro-histopathological changes, and brain somatic index were measured. Results The extract significantly prevented abnormal increases in FBG and decreases in body weight gain. It attenuated behavioral dysfunctions (hot plate and tail immersion; thermal hyperalgesia; cold allodynia; motor walking function), systemic inflammation (serum TNF-α, prostaglandin-E2) oxidative tension (malondialdehyde), histological brain and sciatic nerve injuries in the diabetic-rats, better than Metformin. Conclusion LP mitigated neural dysfunction better than metformin partly by amending diabetic systemic inflammation, oxidative tension, and diabetic abnormalities. The nerve injuries were strongly correlated to serum prostaglandin-E2, TNF-α levels, and walking functions. The motor function was correlated to sensory neuronal functions, inflammation, and oxidation. The sensory neuronal functions were more affected by TNF-α than prostaglandin-E2 or oxidation. Diabetic brain and sciatic nerve deteriorations were influenced by serum TNF-α, PGE2, and MDA levels. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-021-00905-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmun Nahar
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Suhaila Mohamed
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | | | - Lau Seng Fong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
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5
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Sahay P, Chakraborty M, Rao A. Global and Comparative Proteome Signatures in the Lens Capsule, Trabecular Meshwork, and Iris of Patients With Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:877250. [PMID: 35517867 PMCID: PMC9065473 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.877250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudoexfoliation (PXF) is characterized by the accumulation of the exfoliative material in the eye and high rates of blindness if left untreated. Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) is generally diagnosed too late due to its asymptomatic nature, necessitating the development of new effective screening tools for the early diagnosis of the disease. Thus, the increasing prevalence of this disease due to an aging population has demanded the identification of suitable biomarkers for the early detection of the disease or detection of the onset of glaucoma in the eyes with PXF. We applied a proteomics strategy based on a high-throughput screening method for the determination of proteins involving PXF and PXG pathogenesis. The lens capsule (LC), iris, and trabecular meshwork (TM) samples with PXF and PXG were taken by surgical trabeculectomy, and control samples were taken from the donor corneal buttons obtained from the institutional eye bank to characterize the proteome profile. Peptides from the LC were analyzed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The protein of interest and cytokine/chemokine profiles were verified using immunohistochemistry and the bio-plex kit assay, respectively. There were a total of 1433 proteins identified in the human LC, of which 27 proteins were overexpressed and eight proteins were underexpressed in PXG compared with PXF. Overexpressed proteins such as fibromodulin, decorin, lysyl oxidase homolog 1, collagen alpha-1(I) chain, collagen alpha-3(VI) chain, and biglycan were the major components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins involved in cell-matrix interactions or ECM proteoglycans and the assembly and cross-linking of collagen fibrils. The ECM composition and homeostasis are altered in glaucoma. Thus, quantitative proteomics is a method to discover molecular markers in the eye. Monitoring these events can help evaluate disease progression in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prity Sahay
- Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation (HERF), L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India.,KIIT School of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Munmun Chakraborty
- Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation (HERF), L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India.,KIIT School of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Aparna Rao
- Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation (HERF), L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India.,KIIT School of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, India
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6
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Wu H, Shui YB, Liu Y, Liu X, Siegfried CJ. Trabecular Meshwork Mitochondrial Function and Oxidative Stress. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2022; 2:100107. [PMID: 36246185 PMCID: PMC9562365 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2021.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Ying-Bo Shui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Xiaobin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Carla J. Siegfried
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Correspondence: Carla J. Siegfried, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8096, St. Louis, MO 63110.
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Ye D, Xu Y, Shi Y, Ji J, Lu X, Chen H, Huang R, Lu P, Li Y, Cheng L, Li Y, Cui K, Tang X, Luo L, Huang J. Occurrence of Oxidative Stress and Premature Senescence in the Anterior Segment of Acute Primary Angle-Closure Eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:34. [PMID: 35077549 PMCID: PMC8802011 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore whether oxidative stress and premature senescence occur in the anterior segment of acute primary angle-closure (APAC) eyes after increased intraocular pressure. Methods The eye samples of 21 APAC patients, 22 age-related cataract patients, and 10 healthy donors were included. Aqueous humor (AqH), iris, and anterior lens capsule samples were collected. The levels of oxidative stress markers and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)–related cytokines in AqH were estimated using relevant reagent kits and multiplex bead immunoassay technique. The intensity of relevant markers in anterior segment tissues was examined by immunofluorescence- and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining. Results Oxidative stress marker levels elevated significantly in the AqH of APAC eyes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels were positively correlated with preoperative peak intraocular pressure and age, whereas reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSH) ratio was negatively correlated with both parameters. The levels of several SASP-related cytokines were markedly increased. ROS and malondialdehyde levels were positively correlated with the levels of some SASP-related cytokines, whereas superoxide dismutase level and GSH/GSSH ratio showed an opposite trend. The number of cells positive for oxidative mitochondrial DNA damage and apoptosis-related markers increased in the iris and anterior lens capsule of the APAC group. Senescence-associated markers (p16, p21, and p53) and SA-β-gal activity were increased in the iris of the APAC group. Conclusions Oxidative stress and premature senescence occurred in the anterior segment of APAC patients, suggesting that they may be involved in the development of pathological changes in the anterior segment of APAC eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Yuxun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangyunhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaixuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
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Anti-cancer actions of carnosine and the restoration of normal cellular homeostasis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119117. [PMID: 34384791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carnosine is a naturally occurring dipeptide found in meat. Alternatively it can be formed through synthesis from the amino acids, β-alanine and L-histidine. Carnosine has long been advocated for use as an anti-oxidant and anti-glycating agent to facilitate healthy ageing, and there have also been reports of it having anti-proliferative effects that have beneficial actions against the development of a number of different cancers. Carnosine is able to undertake multiple molecular processes, and it's mechanism of action therefore remains controversial - both in healthy tissues and those associated with cancer or metabolic diseases. Here we review current understanding of its mechanistic role in different physiological contexts, and how this relates to cancer. Carnosine turns over rapidly in the body due to the presence of both serum and tissue carnosinase enzymes however, so its use as a dietary supplement would require ingestion of multiple daily doses. Strategies are therefore being developed that are based upon either resistance of carnosine analogs to enzymatic turnover, or else β-alanine supplementation, and the development of these potential therapeutic agents is discussed.
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Ying Y, Xue R, Yang Y, Zhang SX, Xiao H, Zhu H, Li J, Chen G, Ye Y, Yu M, Liu X, Zhong Y. Activation of ATF4 triggers trabecular meshwork cell dysfunction and apoptosis in POAG. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:8628-8642. [PMID: 33714955 PMCID: PMC8034903 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Dysfunction of the trabecular meshwork (TM), resulting in decreased outflow of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure (IOP), plays an important role in the pathogenesis of POAG. However, the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the eIF2-α/ATF4/CHOP branch of unfolded protein response (UPR) was activated in human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMCs) upon tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) exposure. Inhibition of ATF4 ameliorated TBHP-induced apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine production, while ectopic expression of ATF4 increased the expression of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule (ELAM)-1 and IL-8 in HTMCs. Furthermore, we found that ATF4 inhibition reduced tunicamycin-induced caspase-3 activation, ROS production, ELAM-1 expression, and HTMCs phagocytosis impairment. By an in vivo study in mice, we showed that overexpression of ATF4 in the TM induced C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression and TM cells apoptosis, contributing to inflammatory cytokine production, and probably IOP elevation. More importantly, upregulation of ATF4 and CHOP, and colocalization of ATF4 with ELAM-1 were found in the TM of POAG patients. These results suggest that ATF4 is a critical mediator of oxidative stress and ER stress-induced TM cell dysfunction and apoptosis in POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ying
- Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ran Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangfan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sarah X Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14209, USA.,SUNY Eye Institute, State University of New York, New York, NY 10036, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Hui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huazhang Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingming Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi an, Shanxi, China
| | - Guo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiming Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minbin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yimin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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10
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Atanasovska Velkovska M, Goričar K, Blagus T, Dolžan V, Cvenkel B. Association of Genetic Polymorphisms in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Pathways with Glaucoma Risk and Phenotype. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10051148. [PMID: 33803434 PMCID: PMC7967191 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10051148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of glaucoma. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms in inflammation and oxidative stress genes on the risk of glaucoma, the patients’ clinical characteristics and the glaucoma phenotype. In total, 307 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were enrolled. The control group included 339 healthy Slovenian blood donors. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood. Genotyping was performed for SOD2 rs4880, CAT rs1001179, GPX1 rs1050450, GSTP1 rs1695, GSTM1 gene deletion, GSTT1 gene deletion, IL1B rs1143623, IL1B rs16944, IL6 rs1800795 and TNF rs1800629. We found a nominally significant association of GSTM1 gene deletion with decreased risk of ocular hypertension and a protective role of IL1B rs16944 and IL6 rs1800629 in the risk of glaucoma. The CT and TT genotypes of GPX1 rs1050450 were significantly associated with advanced disease, lower intraocular pressure and a larger vertical cup–disc ratio. In conclusion, genetic variability in IL1B and IL6 may be associated with glaucoma risk, while GPX and TNF may be associated with the glaucoma phenotype. In the future, improved knowledge of these pathways has the potential for new strategies and personalised treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katja Goričar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.G.); (T.B.); (V.D.)
| | - Tanja Blagus
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.G.); (T.B.); (V.D.)
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.G.); (T.B.); (V.D.)
| | - Barbara Cvenkel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-(40)-233-462
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11
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Cao T, Wang J, Wu Y, Wang L, Zhang H. Antiglaucoma Potential of β-Glucogallin Is Mediated by Modulating Mitochondrial Responses in Experimentally Induced Glaucoma. Neuroimmunomodulation 2021; 27:142-151. [PMID: 33571990 DOI: 10.1159/000512992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of phytochemicals for the treatment of various bodily ailments has been in practice since ancient days. Even though in practice, scientific studies on the protective effect of β-glucogallin (BG) against glaucoma is limited. OBJECTIVES In the present study, the in vitro glaucoma model (hydrostatic pressure) using PC12 neuronal cells exposed to BG were used to elucidate its protective effects. METHOD The cultured cells were analyzed for the mitochondrial responses, oxidant-antioxidant status, and expression of caveolin-1, ANGPTL7, the glaucoma markers, and cytokines. RESULTS We demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, ANGPTL7, with altered mitochondrial enzymes in glaucoma cells compared to the control. Moreover, cells predisposed to hydrostatic pressure demonstrated an increase in oxidative stress with augmented (p < 0.01) inflammatory cytokines such as IL-2, CXCR4, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and TNF-α. On the other hand, cells pretreated with BG attenuated the reactive oxygen species levels with improved antioxidant enzymes. Simultaneously, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and ANGPTL7 proteins were found attenuated with restored mitochondrial responses in BG pretreated cells. CONCLUSION Thus, the results of the present study demonstrate that the use of BG on retinal cells against relieving the intraocular pressure may be a promising therapeutic for controlling the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China,
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Tumour, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Lianfeng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Huiqin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
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12
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Vernazza S, Tirendi S, Bassi AM, Traverso CE, Saccà SC. Neuroinflammation in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3172. [PMID: 33007927 PMCID: PMC7601106 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests oxidative damage and immune response defects are key factors contributing to glaucoma onset. Indeed, both the failure of the trabecular meshwork tissue in the conventional outflow pathway and the neuroinflammation process, which drives the neurodegeneration, seem to be linked to the age-related over-production of free radicals (i.e., mitochondrial dysfunction) and to oxidative stress-linked immunostimulatory signaling. Several previous studies have described a wide range of oxidative stress-related makers which are found in glaucomatous patients, including low levels of antioxidant defences, dysfunction/activation of glial cells, the activation of the NF-κB pathway and the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and so on. However, the intraocular pressure is still currently the only risk factor modifiable by medication or glaucoma surgery. This present review aims to summarize the multiple cellular processes, which promote different risk factors in glaucoma including aging, oxidative stress, trabecular meshwork defects, glial activation response, neurodegenerative insults, and the altered regulation of immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Tirendi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.T.); (A.M.B.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Italy
| | - Anna Maria Bassi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.T.); (A.M.B.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Italy
| | - Carlo Enrico Traverso
- Clinica Oculistica, DiNOGMI, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS-Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
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Yang Y, Xu X, Liu Q, Huang H, Huang X, Lv H. Myricetin Prevents Cataract Formation by Inhibiting the Apoptotic Cell Death Mediated Cataractogenesis. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922519. [PMID: 32335580 PMCID: PMC7199429 DOI: 10.12659/msm.922519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current research work aimed to explore the protective role of myricetin against cataractogenesis in humans, in terms of its anti-apoptotic potential. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human eye lens epithelial cells were exposed to oxidative stress by treating with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) were determined using standard detection kits. DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole), AO/EB (acridine orange/ethidium bromide) and Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining assays were used for the assessment of cell apoptosis. Western blotting was used to examine the protein concentrations. RESULTS The exposure of human epithelial eye lens cells to H₂O₂ led to significant accumulation of reactive oxygen species molecules. Treatment of the H₂O₂-stressed epithelial cells with myricetin caused significant (P<0.05) increased levels of SOD, CAT, and GSH. Western blot analysis also showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in the expression of SOD, CAT, and GSH levels in human epithelial eye lens cells. Additionally, myricetin administration to H₂O₂-treated epithelial eye lens cells caused a significant decline in cell apoptosis ratio. The induction of apoptosis was associated with upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed the potential of myricetin in protecting the apoptosis driven cataract formation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanchong Central Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College), Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanchong Central Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College), Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanchong Central Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College), Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanchong Central Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College), Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xuewen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanchong Central Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College), Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
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Assessing the Performance of Daily Intake of a Homotaurine, Carnosine, Forskolin, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B6, and Magnesium Based Food Supplement for the Maintenance of Visual Function in Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma. J Ophthalmol 2020; 2020:7879436. [PMID: 32411435 PMCID: PMC7201465 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7879436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glaucoma is a multifactorial optic neuropathy, which causes a continuous loss of retinal ganglion cells. Given the neurodegenerative nature of glaucoma, the necessity for neuroprotective intervention still arises, to be added alongside hypotonic therapy. Objective The objective of this study was to assess the effect of daily intake of a homotaurine, carnosine, forskolin, vitamins B1, B2, and B6, folic acid, and magnesium based supplement (GANGLIOLIFE®) on the progression rates of the visual field in patients with progressive POAG despite good tonometric compensation and to assess the most suitable dosage. Methods This is a monocentric nonrandomized experimental clinical study. Patients with mean deviation (MD) ranging from -2 dB to -15 dB with MD progression ≥1 dB in the previous year and IOP values of ≤18 mm Hg were included. All the patients underwent supplement therapy for a period of 6 months. For the first 2 months, they took 2 tablets a day, and for the following 4 months, 1 tablet a day. The patients were assessed before the start of treatment, time 0 (T 0), after 2 months (T 1), and after 6 months (T 2) of therapy. At each check-up, patients were given a full eye test including perimetry, RNFL, and GCC using FD-OCT, PERG, contrast sensitivity, and QoL evaluation using the Glaucoma Symptom Scale questionnaire and National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25. Results 31 patients with a mean age of 70.80 ± 8.77 were included. At T 1 and T 2, the mean values of MD were lessened (MD = -5.37 ± -2.91, P < 0.01, and MD = -5.48 ± 3.15, P < 0.05, respectively) compared to T 0 (MD = -5.98 ± 2.83). Patients also demonstrated a significant reduction in IOP (P < 0.01), improved light sensitivity (P < 0.01) and contrast sensitivity (P < 0.05), and a better quality of life (P < 0.05). Conclusions Treatment with a supplement which includes homotaurine, carnosine, forskolin, vitamins B1, B2, and B6, folic acid, and magnesium has been shown to be able to slow down the rate of progression of functional damage and improve visual function after 2 and 6 months of daily intake. Quality of life showed significant improvement.
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BULBOACA AE, NICULA 3, C, BULBOACA A, BLIDARU M, BOARESCU PM, FESTILA D, DOGARU G, STANESCU I. Oxidative stress/antioxidant balance implication in reducing of intra-ocular pressure in patients with stroke, nicergoline therapy and open-angle glaucoma. BALNEO RESEARCH JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.12680/balneo.2019.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The continue efforts for long term reducing of intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open angle glaucoma, focused the attention on those patients who received different therapies, other that topical drugs for IOP reduction, that can influence this parameter.. The aim of this study was to evaluate the IOP, total oxidative stress and anti-oxidant capacity of plasma before and after nicergoline therapy in patients with ischemic stroke and associated open angle glaucoma.
Material and method: a group of 35 patients with ischemic stroke and chronic open angle glaucoma (under topical beta-blockers therapy) was studied regarding the values of IOP, total oxidative stress (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) before (T1) and after 6 month (T2) of nicergoline therapy.
Results: IOP values for both eyes were significantly reduced when the values of T1 examination were compared with those of T2 assessment. The total oxidative stress parameter was also significantly reduced after nicergoline therapy together with increasing of total antioxidant capacity of plasma.
Conclusions: besides its positive effects on neuronal metabolism for ischemic stroke patients, nicergoline is able to influence the IOP in patients with open angle glaucoma and to improve the plasmatic oxidative stress/antioxidant balance. By this mechanism nicergoiline can contribute to a neuroprotection and better visual function preservation for these patients, improving their chances to neuro-motor rehabilitation and their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Elena BULBOACA
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania 2Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina NICULA 3,
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Angelo BULBOACA
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai BLIDARU
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Paul Mihai BOARESCU
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana FESTILA
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela DOGARU
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Department of Medical Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana STANESCU
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Liu Y, Liu P, Wang Q, Sun F, Liu F. Sulforaphane Attenuates H₂O₂-induced Oxidant Stress in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells (HTMCs) via the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K)/Serine/Threonine Kinase (Akt)-Mediated Factor-E2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Signaling Activation. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:811-818. [PMID: 30689624 PMCID: PMC6362759 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate whether and how sulforaphane (SFN), a novel promising nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, exerted antioxidative stress through activating Nrf2 signaling. Material/Methods Cultured human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMCs) were treated with SFN for 6 hours after establishing the oxidative stress model by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The cell viability, the level of intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the apoptosis rate were observed using various kits. In addition, the gene and protein expression of Nrf2 and the phase II antioxidative enzymes were determined by performing qRT-PCR and western blotting. Results In H2O2-treated HTMCs, SFN protected HTMCs from oxidative stress damage and decreased the intracellular ROS accumulation, thus inhibiting cell apoptosis. SFN also increased the gene and protein expression of phase II antioxidative enzymes such as NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) by Nrf2-dependent pathway. Furthermore, investigations of the pathway showed that HTMCs pretreated with LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), downregulated the expression of phase II antioxidative enzymes, partly. Conclusions These results indicated a novel application for SFN in attenuating H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HTMCs through activating PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Fengmei Sun
- Department of Library, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Fang Liu
- Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Yehia R, Saleh S, El Abhar H, Saad AS, Schaalan M. L-Carnosine protects against Oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in colorectal cancer patients: A perspective on targeting Nrf-2 and NF-κB pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 365:41-50. [PMID: 30592963 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is a common side effect afflicting cancer patients treated with oxalipatin based chemotherapy. AIM The study investigated the potential prophylactic effect of L-carnosine against acute oxaliplatin neurotoxicity in colorectal cancer patients with emphasis on the redox (Nrf-2, MDA), inflammatory (NF-κB, TNF-α), and apoptotic (caspase-3) parameters. METHODS In this pilot study, 65 patients were recruited using a prospective randomized controlled study design and enrolled randomly into two arms; Arm A, 31 patients received FOLFOX-6 regimen (oxaliplatin, 5FU & leucovorin) and Arm B, 34 patients received FOLFOX-6 regimen and daily oral L-carnosine (500 mg) along the treatment period. Patients were followed up for three months, then both arms were analyzed for neuropathy incidence/grade and any additional toxicities according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTC version 4). RESULTS The neuropathy grading evaluation of Arm B vs Arm A revealed that 17 patients (56.7%) vs 11 patients (35.5%) suffered grade 1, one patient (3.3%) vs 19 patients (61.3%) suffered grade 2, while 12 patients (40%) vs one patient (3.2%) were normal. In arm B, the addition of L-carnosine decreased significantly the levels/activity of NF-κB (27%) and TNF-α (36.6%); this anti-inflammatory effect entailed also its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects, thus MDA level (51.8%) and caspase-3 activity (49%) were also reduced, whereas Nrf-2 was increased (38.7%) as compared to Arm A. In both arms a significant correlation was only evident between TNF-α and the neuropathy grading score (P < .03); the correlation analysis was significantly positive between NF-κB and both Nrf-2 and caspase 3. CONCLUSION L-Carnosine exerted a neuroprotective effect against oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in colorectal cancer patients by targeting Nrf-2 and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Yehia
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Samira Saleh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt (FUE), Cairo, Egypt.; Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan El Abhar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr S Saad
- Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Schaalan
- Biochemistry and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang W, Moroi S, Bakulski K, Mukherjee B, Weisskopf MG, Schaumberg D, Sparrow D, Vokonas PS, Hu H, Park SK. Bone Lead Levels and Risk of Incident Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: The VA Normative Aging Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:087002. [PMID: 30102601 PMCID: PMC6108844 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress may play an important role in the etiology of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The association between risk of POAG and lead exposure, which is an environmental source of oxidative stress, has not been fully investigated yet. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine the association between bone lead—a biomarker of cumulative lead dose (tibia lead) or an endogenous source of stored lead (patella lead)—and incident POAG. METHODS We examined a prospective cohort of 634 POAG-free men [mean baseline age=66.8 y of age (SD=6.7)] from the Normative Aging Study (NAS) who had tibia and patella K X-ray fluorescence lead measurements between 1 January 1991 and 31 December 1999. They also had standard ocular evaluations by NAS optometrists until 31 December 2014. POAG cases were identified by consistent reports of enlarged or asymmetric cup-to-disc ratio together with visual field defect or existence of disc hemorrhage. We used Cox proportional hazards regressions to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of incident POAG and adjusted survival curves to examine changes in the risk of POAG during follow-up according to bone lead quartiles. RESULTS We identified 44 incident cases of POAG by the end of follow-up (incidence rate=74 per 10,000 person-years; median follow-up=10.6 y). In fully adjusted models, 10-fold increases in patella lead and tibia lead were associated with HRs of 5.06 (95% CI: 1.61, 15.88, p=0.005) and 3.07 (95% CI: 0.94, 10.0, p=0.06), respectively. The HRs comparing participants in the third and fourth quartiles with the lowest quartile were 3.41 (95% CI: 1.34, 8.66) and 3.24 (95% CI: 1.22, 8.62) for patella lead (p-for-trend=0.01), and 3.84 (95% CI: 1.54, 9.55) and 2.61 (95% CI: 0.95, 7.21) for tibia lead (p-for-trend=0.02). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides longitudinal evidence that bone lead may be an important risk factor for POAG in the U.S. population. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3442.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiye Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sayoko Moroi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kelly Bakulski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Marc G Weisskopf
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Debra Schaumberg
- Real World Evidence, Evidera, Pharmaceutical Product Development, LLC (PPD), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center at University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Sparrow
- Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pantel S Vokonas
- Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Howard Hu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Zhao Y, Chen J, Yu X, Xu J, Sun X, Hong J. Age-Related Changes in Human Schlemm's Canal: An in Vivo Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Study. Front Physiol 2018; 9:630. [PMID: 29922169 PMCID: PMC5996748 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate age-related changes in human Schlemm’s canal (SC) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: A total of 125 normal eyes were imaged using SD-OCT nasally and temporally. The age-related variations of SC sagittal diameter and cross-sectional area (CSA) from four age groups [A (16–20 years), B (21–40 years), C (41–60 years), and D (61–80 years)] were analyzed with Spearman correlation. Results: The positive detection rates of SC showed a significantly downward trend with age. The mean CSA was 13,296 ± 1,897 μm2 nasally and 14,552 ± 2,589 μm2 temporally. The mean CSA was significantly larger in the temporal than in the nasal region (P < 0.05). Nasal CSA values varied among the four age groups (P = 0.004). Conclusion: Our study found for the first time that SC in vivo exhibits a morphological variant with age in healthy humans. Clinicians may need to consider this phenomenon when performing examinations targeting SC for glaucoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Shanghai Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Shanghai Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Shanghai Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjiang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Shanghai Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Shanghai Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxu Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Shanghai Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia, National Health Commission, Beijing, China.,Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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20
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Carnosine and advanced glycation end products: a systematic review. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1177-1186. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2592-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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You ZP, Zhang YZ, Zhang YL, Shi L, Shi K. Homocysteine induces oxidative stress to damage trabecular meshwork cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4379-4385. [PMID: 29725378 PMCID: PMC5920368 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of homocysteine (Hcy) in on human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMCs). A total of 41 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and 53 patients with senile cataracts (control group) were recruited. Plasma and aqueous humor samples were collected and the Hcy concentrations were determined using enzymatic cycling assays. In cell experiments, normal HTMCs were passaged and randomly divided into a blank control group, a normal HTMC group and experimental groups, which were treated with different concentrations of Hcy. The HTMC activities were detected using the Cell Counting Kit-8 method and the HTMC mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was detected using JC-1 staining. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) released by trabecular meshwork cells was detected using flow cytometry and superoxide dismjutase-1 (SOD1) expression was detected using immunoblotting. The results revealed that the concentration of Hcy in the plasma and aqueous humor of the POAG group (14.44±0.86 and 1.60±0.27 µmol/l, respectively) was significantly higher compared with the control group (10.82±0.29 and 0.69±0.39 µmol/l). All tested concentrations (30, 100, 300 and 1,000 µmol/l) of Hcy reduced the MMP in HTMCs and inhibited HTMC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. ROS production by HTMCs significantly increased with increased concentrations of Hcy, whereas SOD1 expression significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. In summary, patients with POAG were demonstrated to have increased concentrations of Hcy in the plasma and aqueous humor. High concentrations of Hcy in HTMCs induced an oxidative stress state, thereby further inhibiting HTMC proliferation. The results of the present study demonstrate that Hcy may be a potential treatment target in patients with POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng You
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Lan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Lu Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ke Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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A Multi-Locus Genetic Risk Score for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) Variants Is Associated with POAG Risk in a Mediterranean Population: Inverse Correlations with Plasma Vitamin C and E Concentrations. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112302. [PMID: 29104244 PMCID: PMC5713272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. The genetics of POAG are complex, and population-specific effects have been reported. Although many polymorphisms associated with POAG risk have been reported, few studies have analyzed their additive effects. We investigated, in a southern European Mediterranean population, the association between relevant POAG polymorphisms, identified by initial genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and POAG risk, both separately and as an aggregated multi-locus genetic risk score (GRS). Also, bearing in mind that oxidative stress is a factor increasingly recognized in the pathogenesis of POAG, we analyzed the potential association of the GRS with plasma concentrations of antioxidant vitamins (C and E). We carried out a case–control study including 391 POAG cases and 383 healthy controls, and analyzed four genetic polymorphisms (rs4656461-TMCO1, rs4236601-CAV1/CAV2, rs2157719-CDKN2B-AS1 and rs3088440-CDKN2A). An unweighted GRS including the four non-linked polymorphisms was constructed. A strong association between the GRS and POAG risk was found. When three categories of the GRS were considered, subjects in the top category of the GRS were 2.92 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.79–4.77) times more likely to have POAG compared with participants in the bottom category (p < 0.001). Moreover, the GRS was inversely correlated with plasma vitamin C (p = 0.002) and vitamin E (p = 0.001) concentrations, even after additional adjustment for POAG status. In conclusion, we have found a strong association between the GRS and POAG risk in this Mediterranean population. While the additional correlation found between GRS and low levels of vitamins C and E does not indicated a causal relationship, it does suggest the need for new and deeper research into the effects of oxidative stress as a potential mechanism for those associations.
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Xu L, Zhang Y, Guo R, Shen W, Qi Y, Wang Q, Guo Z, Qi C, Yin H, Wang J. HES1 promotes extracellular matrix protein expression and inhibits proliferation and migration in human trabecular meshwork cells under oxidative stress. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21818-21833. [PMID: 28423527 PMCID: PMC5400626 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. The most prevalent form of glaucoma is primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Oxidative stress is one of the major pathogenic factors of the POAG, and can elicit molecular and functional changes in trabecular meshwork cells, causing increased aqueous humor outflow resistance and elevated intraocular pressure. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying oxidative stress-induced cell phenotypic changes remain elusive. Herein, we exposed primary human trabecular meshwork cells to the oxidative stress induced by 300 μM H2O2 for 2 h, and found significantly up-regulated expression of extracellular matrix proteins and a transcription factor, hairy and enhancer of split-1 (HES1). The cell functions, including migration and proliferation, were impaired by the oxidative stress. Furthermore, HES1 shRNA abrogated the extracellular matrix protein up-regulation and rescued the functional defects caused by the oxidative stress; conversely, HES1 overexpression resulted in the molecular and functional changes similar to those induced by H2O2. These results suggest that HES1 promotes extracellular matrix protein expression and inhibits proliferative and migratory functions in the trabecular meshwork cells under oxidative stress, thereby providing a novel pathogenic mechanism underlying and a potential therapeutic target to the POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqi Xu
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300384, China.,Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Ruru Guo
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Wencui Shen
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300384, China.,Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300384, China.,Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhenglong Guo
- Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Chen Qi
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Haifang Yin
- Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jiantao Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300384, China
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Kliuchnikova AA, Samokhina NI, Ilina IY, Karpov DS, Pyatnitskiy MA, Kuznetsova KG, Toropygin IY, Kochergin SA, Alekseev IB, Zgoda VG, Archakov AI, Moshkovskii SA. Human aqueous humor proteome in cataract, glaucoma, and pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Proteomics 2017; 16:1938-46. [PMID: 27193151 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-nine human aqueous humor samples from patients with eye diseases such as cataract and glaucoma with and without pseudoexfoliation syndrome were characterized by LC-high resolution MS analysis. In total, 269 protein groups were identified with 1% false discovery rate including 32 groups that were not reported previously for this biological fluid. Since the samples were analyzed individually, but not pooled, 36 proteins were identified in all samples, comprising the constitutive proteome of the fluid. The most dominant molecular function of aqueous humor proteins as determined by GO analysis is endopeptidase inhibitor activity. Label-free protein quantification showed no significant difference between glaucoma and cataract aqueous humor proteomes. At the same time, we found decrease in the level of apolipoprotein D as a marker of the pseudoexfoliation syndrome. The data are available from ProteomeXchange repository (PXD002623).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadezhda I Samokhina
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Dmitry S Karpov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Pyatnitskiy
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Igor B Alekseev
- Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Sergei A Moshkovskii
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russia
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Lee W, Bae HW, Kim CY, Seong GJ. The change of anterior segment parameters after cataract surgery in normal-tension glaucoma. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:1239-1245. [PMID: 28861349 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.08.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the change of anterior chamber angle morphology and intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction after cataract surgery in patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). METHODS This prospective, comparative, observational study recruited patients into two groups. Group 1 was the control group including normal subjects except those with cataracts (cataract group, n=67 eyes of 67 patients), and group 2 was NTG group including patients who were diagnosed with NTG and cataracts (n=43 eyes of 43 patients), which were treated with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. Before surgery, and at postoperative 1 and 6mo, anterior chamber angles were evaluated by SS-OCT under dark conditions using three-dimensional angle analysis scan protocol. Angle opening distance (AOD), angle recess area (ARA), and trabecular-iris surface area (TISA) at four quadrants (temporal, nasal, superior, and inferior) were calculated automatically by SS-OCT, after the observer marked scleral spurs. RESULTS A total of 106 patients (54 males and 52 females) were enrolled in the study. Angle parameters, AOD, ARA, and TISA were increased after surgery in both groups. However, changes of angle parameters were only significant in group 2. In group 2, preoperative IOP was 13.2±2.9 mm Hg, and postoperative IOP at 1 and 6mo were 10.5±3.0 and 10.7±2.8 mm Hg, respectively. In group 1, preoperative IOP was 12.4±2.8 mm Hg, and postoperative IOP at 1 and 6mo were 11.6±2.5 and 12.0±2.8 mm Hg, respectively. After cataract surgery, angle parameters changed significantly while IOP significantly reduced and was maintained in group 2 (P<0.001). The changes in angle parameters (ΔAOD500, ΔTISA500 at temporal; ΔAOD500, ΔARA500 at nasal) were linearly correlated with postoperative IOP changes. CONCLUSION Cataract surgery may have improved anterior chamber angle parameters and decreased IOP in NTG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonseok Lee
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyoung Won Bae
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Chan Yun Kim
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Gong Je Seong
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Mynampati BK, Ghosh S, Muthukumarappa T, Ram J. Evaluation of antioxidants and argpyrimidine in normal and cataractous lenses in north Indian population. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:1094-1100. [PMID: 28730112 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.07.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the level of glutathione, thioltransferase, and argpyrimidine in nuclear and cortical cataractous lenses as well as in the clear lenses in the north Indian population. METHODS Human cataractous lenses were collected from the patients who underwent extracapsular cataract extraction surgery; clear lenses were collected from the freshly donated eye bank eyes. Antioxidant molecules such as glutathione and thioltransferase enzyme activity were measured; simultaneously in these lenses a blue fluorophore argpyrimidine, an advanced glycation end (AGE) product level was assessed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS The protein concentration was found to be present at higher levels in the control lenses compared to cataract lenses. A significant decrease in the glutathione level was observed in the nuclear cataractous lenses compared to cortical cataractous (P=0.004) and clear lenses (P≤0.005), but no significant change in the level of antioxidant enzyme thioltransferase was observed. Further, argpyrimidine a blue fluorophore (AGE) was found to be significantly higher in the nuclear cataract (P=0.013) compared to cortical cataract lenses. CONCLUSION Antioxidants such as glutathione significantly decrease in age-related nuclear and cortical cataract and an AGE, argpyrimidine are present at significantly higher levels in nuclear cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharani K Mynampati
- Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Center, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Sujata Ghosh
- Department of Experimental Medicine & Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Thungapathra Muthukumarappa
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Jagat Ram
- Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Center, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
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Kokubun T, Tsuda S, Kunikata H, Yasuda M, Himori N, Kunimatsu-Sanuki S, Maruyama K, Nakazawa T. Characteristic Profiles of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Aqueous Humor of Glaucomatous Eyes. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2017. [PMID: 28622063 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2017.1327605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze cytokine profiles of the aqueous humor of eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), neovascular glaucoma (NVG), and cataract (as controls). METHODS A multiplex bead assay was used to measure concentrations of 27 cytokines in aqueous humor samples from 54 eyes. RESULTS Detection rates were as follows: IL-7: NVG higher than POAG; IL-10: POAG lower than cataract or NVG; and GM-CSF: cataract higher than POAG or NVG. Concentrations were as follows: IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, and MIP-1β: POAG and NVG higher than cataract; IL-9: POAG lower than NVG; IL-12: POAG lower than cataract or NVG; and VEGF: NVG higher than cataract or POAG and POAG lower than cataract. Further analysis showed that IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, and MIP-1β were correlated with intraocular pressure and age. CONCLUSIONS The detection rates and levels of various cytokines had different patterns in POAG and NVG patients, suggesting distinctive alterations in the microenvironment in different types of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Kokubun
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai , Japan
| | - Satoru Tsuda
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunikata
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai , Japan.,b Department of Retinal Disease Control , Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Japan
| | - Masayuki Yasuda
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai , Japan
| | - Noriko Himori
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai , Japan
| | - Shiho Kunimatsu-Sanuki
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai , Japan
| | - Kazuichi Maruyama
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai , Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai , Japan.,b Department of Retinal Disease Control , Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Japan.,c Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Japan
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28
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Polyphenols of Cassia tora leaves prevents lenticular apoptosis and modulates cataract pathology in Sprague-Dawley rat pups. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 81:371-378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Babizhayev MA. Generation of reactive oxygen species in the anterior eye segment. Synergistic codrugs of N-acetylcarnosine lubricant eye drops and mitochondria-targeted antioxidant act as a powerful therapeutic platform for the treatment of cataracts and primary open-angle glaucoma. BBA CLINICAL 2016; 6:49-68. [PMID: 27413694 PMCID: PMC4925929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Senile cataract is a clouding of the lens in the aging eye leading to a decrease in vision. Symptoms may include faded colors, blurry vision, halos around light, trouble with bright lights, and trouble seeing at night. This may result in trouble driving, reading, or recognizing faces. Cataracts are the cause of half of blindness and 33% of visual impairment worldwide. Cataracts result from the deposition of aggregated proteins in the eye lens and lens fiber cells plasma membrane damage which causes clouding of the lens, light scattering, and obstruction of vision. ROS induced damage in the lens cell may consist of oxidation of proteins, DNA damage and/or lipid peroxidation, all of which have been implicated in cataractogenesis. The inner eye pressure (also called intraocular pressure or IOP) rises because the correct amount of fluid can't drain out of the eye. With primary open-angle glaucoma, the entrances to the drainage canals are clear and should be working correctly. The clogging problem occurs further inside the drainage canals, similar to a clogged pipe below the drain in a sink. The excessive oxidative damage is a major factor of the ocular diseases because the mitochondrial respiratory chain in mitochondria of the vital cells is a significant source of the damaging reactive oxygen species superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. However, despite the clinical importance of mitochondrial oxidative damage, antioxidants have been of limited therapeutic success. This may be because the antioxidants are not selectively taken up by mitochondria, but instead are dispersed throughout the body, ocular tissues and fluids' moieties. This work is an attempt to integrate how mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) are altered in the aging eye, along with those protective and repair therapeutic systems believed to regulate ROS levels in ocular tissues and how damage to these systems contributes to age-onset eye disease and cataract formation. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants might be used to effectively prevent ROS-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane in vivo. The authors developed and patented the new ophthalmic compositions including N-acetylcarnosine acting as a prodrug of naturally targeted to mitochondria l-carnosine endowed with pluripotent antioxidant activities, combined with mitochondria-targeted rechargeable antioxidant (either MitoVit E, Mito Q or SkQs) as a potent medicine to treat ocular diseases. Such specificity is explained by the fact that developed compositions might be used to effectively prevent ROS-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane in vivo and outside mitochondria in the cellular and tissue structures of the lens and eye compartments. Mitochondrial targeting of compounds with universal types of antioxidant activity represents a promising approach for treating a number of ROS-related ocular diseases of the aging eye and can be implicated in the management of cataracts and primary open-angle glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Babizhayev
- Innovative Vision Products, Inc., 3511 Silverside Road, Suite 105, County of New Castle, DE 19810, USA
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30
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Hernández-Martínez FJ, Piñas-García P, Lleó-Pérez AV, Zanón-Moreno VC, Bendala-Tufanisco E, García-Medina JJ, Vinuesa-Silva I, Pinazo-Durán MD. Biomarkers of lipid peroxidation in the aqueous humor of primary open-angle glaucoma patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 91:357-62. [PMID: 26944209 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the lipid peroxidation (PEROX) processes in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients, and whether this mechanism may be related to disease progression. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective, observational, cross-sectional, non-experimental, and analytical study was conducted on a case and a comparison group, consisting of 175 surgical patients divided into: 1) POAG group (GG; n=88) and 2) comparison group of patients with cataracts (CG; n=87). Demographic data, patient characteristics, lifestyle data, as well as ophthalmological examination were registered in an Excel spreadsheet. Biochemical data were obtained by processing the aqueous humor collected at the beginning of surgery. Determination of malondialdehyde/thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (MDA/TBARS) and total antioxidant activity (AAO) was assayed using enzymatic-colorimetric methods in the aqueous humor samples. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 15.0 software. RESULTS Aqueous humor MDA/TBARS levels were significantly higher (P<.001) and the AAO significantly lower (P<.001) in the GG than in the GC. The MDA/TBARS directly correlated with intraocular pressure (IOP) values and the cup-to-disc ratio (CDR). Decreased AAO activity correlated inversely with IOP and CDR. Differences between groups were noticeably higher in the GG as regards obesity, alcohol consumption, anxiety, depression, and sedentary lifestyle. In the multivariate analysis, the variables that showed a better predictive ability were: MDA/TBARS, PIO, AAO, CDR, and depression. CONCLUSIONS The POAG patients have a PEROX background that is reflected in the aqueous humor by variations in MDA/TBARS and AAO. Moreover, both the MDA/TBARS and AAO correlated with IOP values and the CDR. We propose that determination of MDA/TBARS and AAO in the aqueous humor of POAG patients can be used as biomarkers for monitoring the disease, as well the changes in lifestyle and other related risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Hernández-Martínez
- Servicio Oftalmología, Hospital San Juan de Dios del Aljarafe, Bormujos (Sevilla), España.
| | - P Piñas-García
- Servicio Oftalmología, Hospital San Juan de Dios del Aljarafe, Bormujos (Sevilla), España
| | - A V Lleó-Pérez
- Servicio Oftalmología, Hospital Francesc Borja, Gandía (Valencia), España
| | - V C Zanón-Moreno
- Unidad Investigación Oftalmológica Santiago Grisolía, Fundación Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), Valencia, España
| | - E Bendala-Tufanisco
- Unidad Investigación Oftalmológica Santiago Grisolía, Fundación Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), Valencia, España; Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU San Pablo, Valencia, España
| | - J J García-Medina
- Unidad Investigación Oftalmológica Santiago Grisolía, Fundación Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), Valencia, España; Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Murcia, España
| | - I Vinuesa-Silva
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Punta de Europa, Algeciras, España
| | - M D Pinazo-Durán
- Unidad Investigación Oftalmológica Santiago Grisolía, Fundación Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), Valencia, España; Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
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Differential Protein Expression Profiles in Glaucomatous Trabecular Meshwork: An Evaluation Study on a Small Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Population. Adv Ther 2016; 33:252-67. [PMID: 26820987 PMCID: PMC4769730 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-016-0285-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a progressive optic neuropathy characterized by impaired aqueous outflow and extensive remodeling in the trabecular meshwork (TM). The aim of this study was to characterize and compare the expression patterns of selected proteins belonging to the tissue remodeling, inflammation and growth factor pathways in ex vivo glaucomatous and post-mortem TMs using protein-array analysis. METHODS TM specimens were collected from 63 white subjects, including 40 patients with glaucoma and 23 controls. Forty POAG TMs were collected at the time of surgery and 23 post-mortem specimens were from non-glaucomatous donor sclerocorneal tissues. Protein profiles were evaluated using a chip-based array consisting of 60 literature-selected antibodies. RESULTS A different expression of some factors was observed in POAG TMs with respect to post-mortem specimens, either in abundance (interleukin [IL]10, IL6, IL5, IL7, IL12, IL3, macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]1δ/α, vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], transforming growth factor beta 1 [TGFβ1], soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor I [sTNFRI]) or in scarcity (IL16, IL18, intercellular adhesion molecule 3 [ICAM3], matrix metalloproteinase-7 [MMP7], tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 [TIMP1]). MMP2, MMP7, TGFβ1, and VEGF expressions were confirmed by Western blot, zymography, and polymerase chain reaction. No difference in protein profile expression was detected between glaucomatous subtypes. CONCLUSION The analysis of this small TM population highlighted some proteins linked to POAG, some previously reported and others of new detection (IL7, MIPs, sTNFαRI). A larger POAG population is required to select promising disease-associated biomarker candidates. FUNDING This study was partially supported by the Fondazione Roma, the Italian Ministry of Health and the "National 5xMille 2010 tax donation to IRCCS-G.B. Bietti Foundation".
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Prokopieva VD, Yarygina EG, Bokhan NA, Ivanova SA. Use of Carnosine for Oxidative Stress Reduction in Different Pathologies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2939087. [PMID: 26904160 PMCID: PMC4745351 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2939087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The main properties and biological effects of the antioxidant carnosine, the natural dipeptide β-alanyl-L-histidine, are considered. Data on the effective use of carnosine in different pathologies are presented. Special attention is paid to issues of use of carnosine in neurologic and mental diseases, in alcoholism as well as in physiological states accompanied by activation of free-radical processes and formation of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. D. Prokopieva
- Department of Biological Psychiatry and Narcology, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk 634014, Russia
| | - E. G. Yarygina
- Department of Biological Psychiatry and Narcology, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk 634014, Russia
| | - N. A. Bokhan
- Addictive States Department, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk 634014, Russia
| | - S. A. Ivanova
- Department of Biological Psychiatry and Narcology, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk 634014, Russia
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Pavlin M, Repič M, Vianello R, Mavri J. The Chemistry of Neurodegeneration: Kinetic Data and Their Implications. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:3400-3415. [PMID: 26081152 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We collected experimental kinetic rate constants for chemical processes responsible for the development and progress of neurodegeneration, focused on the enzymatic and non-enzymatic degradation of amine neurotransmitters and their reactive and neurotoxic metabolites. A gross scheme of neurodegeneration on the molecular level is based on two pathways. Firstly, reactive species oxidise heavy atom ions, which enhances the interaction with alpha-synuclein, thus promoting its folding to the beta form and giving rise to insoluble amyloid plaques. The latter prevents the function of vesicular transport leading to gradual neuronal death. In the second pathway, radical species, OH(·) in particular, react with the methylene groups of the apolar part of the lipid bilayer of either the cell or mitochondrial wall, resulting in membrane leakage followed by dyshomeostasis, loss of resting potential and neuron death. Unlike all other central neural system (CNS)-relevant biogenic amines, dopamine and noradrenaline are capable of a non-enzymatic auto-oxidative reaction, which produces hydrogen peroxide. This reaction is not limited to the mitochondrial membrane where scavenging enzymes, such as catalase, are located. On the other hand, dopamine and its metabolites, such as dopamine-o-quinone, dopaminechrome, 5,6-dihydroxyindole and indo-5,6-quinone, also interact directly with alpha-synuclein and reversibly inhibit plaque formation. We consider the role of the heavy metal ions, selected scavengers and scavenging enzymes, and discuss the relevance of certain foods and food supplements, including curcumin, garlic, N-acetyl cysteine, caffeine and red wine, as well as the long-term administration of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs and occasional tobacco smoking, that could all act toward preventing neurodegeneration. The current analysis can be employed in developing strategies for the prevention and treatment of neurodegeneration, and, hopefully, aid in the building of an overall kinetic molecular model of neurodegeneration itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matic Pavlin
- Computational Biophysics, German Research School for Simulation Sciences, Joint Venture of RWTH Aachen University and Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.,Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulations (IAS-5/INM-9), 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Matej Repič
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robert Vianello
- Quantum Organic Chemistry Group, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Janez Mavri
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Schmidl D, Schmetterer L, Garhöfer G, Popa-Cherecheanu A. Pharmacotherapy of glaucoma. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2015; 31:63-77. [PMID: 25587905 PMCID: PMC4346603 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2014.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a group of diseases involving the optic nerve and associated structures, which is characterized by progressive visual field loss and typical changes of the optic nerve head (ONH). The only known treatment of the disease is reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP), which has been shown to reduce glaucoma progression in a variety of large-scale clinical trials. Nowadays, a relatively wide array of topical antiglaucoma drugs is available, including prostaglandin analogues, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, beta-receptor antagonists, adrenergic agonists, and parasympathomimetics. In clinical routine, this allows for individualized treatment taking risk factors, efficacy, and safety into account. A major challenge is related to adherence to therapy. Sustained release devices may help minimize this problem but are not yet available for clinical routine use. Another hope arises from non-IOP-related treatment concepts. In recent years, much knowledge has been gained regarding the molecular mechanisms that underlie the disease process in glaucoma. This also strengthens the hope that glaucoma therapy beyond IOP lowering will become available. Implementing this concept with clinical trials remains, however, a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Schmidl
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Schmetterer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Garhöfer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Xu B, Kang L, Zhang G, Wu J, Zhu R, Yang M, Guan H. The Changes of 8-OHdG, hOGG1, APE1 and Pol β in Lenses of Patients with Age-Related Cataract. Curr Eye Res 2014; 40:378-85. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2014.924148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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L'honoré A, Commère PH, Ouimette JF, Montarras D, Drouin J, Buckingham M. Redox regulation by Pitx2 and Pitx3 is critical for fetal myogenesis. Dev Cell 2014; 29:392-405. [PMID: 24871946 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
During development, major metabolic changes occur as cells become more specialized within a lineage. In the case of skeletal muscle, differentiation is accompanied by a switch from a glycolytic proliferative progenitor state to an oxidative postmitotic differentiated state. Such changes require extensive mitochondrial biogenesis leading to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that needs to be balanced by an antioxidant system. Our analysis of double conditional Pitx2/3 mouse mutants, both in vivo during fetal myogenesis and ex vivo in primary muscle cell cultures, reveals excessive upregulation of ROS levels leading to DNA damage and apoptosis of differentiating cells. This is a consequence of downregulation of Nrf1 and genes for antioxidant enzymes, direct targets of Pitx2/3, leading to decreased expression of antioxidant enzymes, as well as impairment of mitochondrial function. Our analysis identifies Pitx2 and Pitx3 as key regulators of the intracellular redox state preventing DNA damage as cells undergo differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore L'honoré
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, CNRS URA 2578, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
| | | | - Jean-François Ouimette
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Didier Montarras
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, CNRS URA 2578, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jacques Drouin
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Margaret Buckingham
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, CNRS URA 2578, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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Bouhenni RA, Edward DP. Proteome of the anterior segment structure in relation to glaucoma. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepak P. Edward
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital; Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Wilmer Eye Institute; John Hopkins University; Baltimore MD USA
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Benlloch-Navarro S, Franco I, Sánchez-Vallejo V, Silvestre D, Romero FJ, Miranda M. Lipid peroxidation is increased in tears from the elderly. Exp Eye Res 2013; 115:199-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Aslan M, Dogan S, Kucuksayan E. Oxidative stress and potential applications of free radical scavengers in glaucoma. Redox Rep 2013; 18:76-87. [PMID: 23485101 DOI: 10.1179/1351000212y.0000000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in industrialized countries and comprises a group of diseases characterized by progressive optic nerve degeneration. Glaucoma is commonly associated with elevated intraocular pressure due to impaired outflow of aqueous humor resulting from abnormalities within the drainage system of the anterior chamber angle (open-angle glaucoma) or impaired access of aqueous humor to the drainage system (angle-closure glaucoma). Oxidative injury and altered antioxidant defense mechanisms in glaucoma appear to play a role in the pathophysiology of glaucomatous neurodegeneration that is characterized by death of retinal ganglion cells. Oxidative protein modifications occurring in glaucoma serve as immunostimulatory signals and alter neurosupportive and immunoregulatory functions of glial cells. Initiation of the apoptotic cascade observed in glaucomatous retinopathy can involve oxidant mechanisms and different agents have been shown to be neuroprotective. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of oxidant injury and summarizes studies that have investigated novel free radical scavengers in the treatment of glaucomatous neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutay Aslan
- Akdeniz University Medical School, Antalya, Turkey.
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Saccà SC, Roszkowska AM, Izzotti A. Environmental light and endogenous antioxidants as the main determinants of non-cancer ocular diseases. Mutat Res 2013; 752:153-171. [PMID: 23337404 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The human eye is constantly exposed to sunlight and artificial lighting. Exogenous sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as UV light, visible light, ionizing radiation, chemotherapeutics, and environmental toxins contribute to oxidative damage in ocular tissues. Long-term exposure to these insults places the aging eye at considerable risk for pathological consequences of oxidative stress. Furthermore, in eye tissues, mitochondria are an important endogenous source of ROS. Over time, all ocular structures, from the tear film to the retina, undergo oxidative stress, and therefore, the antioxidant defenses of each tissue assume the role of a safeguard against degenerative ocular pathologies. The ocular surface and cornea protect the other ocular tissues and are significantly exposed to oxidative stress of environmental origin. Overwhelming of antioxidant defenses in these tissues clinically manifests as pathologies including pterygium, corneal dystrophies, and endothelial Fuch's dystrophy. The crystalline lens is highly susceptible to oxidative damage in aging because its cells and their intracellular proteins are not turned over or replaced, thus providing the basis for cataractogenesis. The trabecular meshwork, which is the anterior chamber tissue devoted to aqueous humor drainage, has a particular susceptibility to mitochondrial oxidative injury that affects its endothelium and leads to an intraocular pressure increase that marks the beginning of glaucoma. Photo-oxidative stress can cause acute or chronic retinal damage. The pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration involves oxidative stress and death of the retinal pigment epithelium followed by death of the overlying photoreceptors. Accordingly, converging evidence indicates that mutagenic mechanisms of environmental and endogenous sources play a fundamental pathogenic role in degenerative eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio C Saccà
- Department of Head/Neck Pathologies, St Martino Hospital, Ophthalmology unit, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Roszkowska
- Department of Specialized Surgery, University Hospital, Ophthalmology Unit, Messina, Italy
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via A. Pastore 1, I-16132, Genoa, Italy.
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Moustafa EM, Camp CL, Youssef AS, Amleh A, Reid HJ, Sharp BL, Shoeib T. Oxaliplatin complexes with carnosine and its derivatives: in vitro cytotoxicity, mass spectrometric and computational studies with a focus on complex fragmentation. Metallomics 2013; 5:1537-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00180f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pinazo-Durán MD, Zanón-Moreno V, García-Medina JJ, Gallego-Pinazo R. Evaluation of presumptive biomarkers of oxidative stress, immune response and apoptosis in primary open-angle glaucoma. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2012; 13:98-107. [PMID: 23142105 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest on the correlation among oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and primary open-angle glaucoma initiation and progression. Reactive oxygen species are formed in the eyes following a wide variety of stressors, and are largely implicated in glaucoma pathogenesis. Immune-inflammatory response mediators have recently become a target of ophthalmologic concern, including glaucoma. Much attention has been derived to the role of specific pro and anti-apoptotic molecules in glaucoma. This article reviews the early evidence suggesting that reactive oxygen species, immune inflammatory response mediators, and apoptogenic molecules are engaged in glaucoma disease. Moreover, further research concerning the functions, effectors and signaling pathways of the above molecules and their interactions, may lead to specifically develop targeted screening tools based on presumptive biomarkers and surrogate endpoints against primary open-angle glaucoma progression and blindness.
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Freddo TF. A contemporary concept of the blood-aqueous barrier. Prog Retin Eye Res 2012; 32:181-95. [PMID: 23128417 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This review traces the evolution of the concept of the blood-aqueous barrier (BAB) during the past 20 years. The Classical model simply stipulated that the tight junctions of the iris vasculature and ciliary epithelium excluded plasma proteins from the aqueous humor (AH). It failed to reconcile the presence of AH protein levels equal to 1% of that found in plasma. Moreover, models of barrier kinetics assumed that the processes of AH secretion and plasma protein entry were directly linked. Thus, elevations of AH protein levels could only be explained by a pathological breakdown of the BAB. Over the last 20 years it has been shown that the plasma proteins in normal AH by-pass the posterior chamber entirely. Instead, these proteins diffuse from the capillaries of ciliary body stroma, into the iris stroma and then into the anterior chamber. This creates a reservoir of plasma-proteins in the iris stroma that is not derived from the iris vessels. This reservoir is prevented from diffusing posteriorly by tight junctions in the posterior iris epithelium. The one-way valve created by the pupil resting on the anterior lens capsule, combined with the continuous, forward flow of AH through the pupil, prevents protein reflux into the posterior chamber. Importantly, in the new paradigm, secretion of AH and the entry of plasma proteins into AH, are semi-independent events. This opens the possibility that AH protein levels could increase in the absence of breakdown of the BAB. Clinical consequences of this new paradigm of the BAB are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Freddo
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02119, USA.
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 12:570-3. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e328358c69e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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