1
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Guo Y, Abou Daya F, Le HD, Panda S, Melkani GC. Diurnal expression of Dgat2 induced by time-restricted feeding maintains cardiac health in the Drosophila model of circadian disruption. Aging Cell 2024:e14169. [PMID: 38616316 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian disruption is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders and cardiac diseases. Time-restricted feeding/eating (TRF/TRE), restricting food intake within a consistent window of the day, has shown improvements in heart function from flies and mice to humans. However, whether and how TRF still conveys cardiac benefits in the context of circadian disruption remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that TRF sustains cardiac performance, myofibrillar organization, and regulates cardiac lipid accumulation in Drosophila when the circadian rhythm is disrupted by constant light. TRF induces oscillations in the expression of genes associated with triglyceride metabolism. In particular, TRF induces diurnal expression of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (Dgat2), peaking during the feeding period. Heart-specific manipulation of Dgat2 modulates cardiac function and lipid droplet accumulation. Strikingly, heart-specific overexpression of human Dgat2 at ZT 0-10 significantly improves cardiac performance in flies exposed to constant light. We have demonstrated that TRF effectively attenuates cardiac decline induced by circadian disruption. Moreover, our data suggests that diurnal expression of Dgat2 induced by TRF is beneficial for heart health under circadian disruption. Overall, our findings have underscored the relevance of TRF in preserving heart health under circadian disruptions and provided potential targets, such as Dgat2, and strategies for therapeutic interventions in mitigating cardiac aging, metabolic disorders, and cardiac diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Guo
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Farah Abou Daya
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hiep Dinh Le
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Girish C Melkani
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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2
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Peng T, Ding M, Yan H, Zhang P, Tian R, Guo Y, Zheng L. Endurance exercise upregulates mtp expression in aged Drosophila to ameliorate age-related diastolic dysfunction and extend lifespan. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15929. [PMID: 38307709 PMCID: PMC10837045 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction is a major cardiac dysfunction, and an important predisposing factor is age. Although exercise training is often used for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease nowadays, little is currently known about whether exercise interventions associated with the slowing of cardiac aging are related to mtp-related pathways. In the present study, the UAS/Tub-Gal4 system was used to knockdown whole-body mtp expression levels in Drosophila, which underwent 2 weeks of endurance training. By conducting different assays and quantifying different indicators, we sought to investigate the relationship between mtp, exercise, and age-related diastolic dysfunction. We found that (1) Drosophila in the mtpRNAi youth group exhibited age-related diastolic dysfunction and had a significantly shorter mean lifespan. (2) Endurance exercise could improve diastolic dysfunction and prolong lifespan in aged Drosophila. (3) Endurance exercise could increase the expression levels of apolpp and Acox3, and decrease the levels of TC, LDL-C, and TG in the aged group. In summary, aging causes age-associated diastolic dysfunction in Drosophila, and systemic knockdown of mtp causes premature age-associated diastolic dysfunction in young Drosophila. Besides, endurance exercise improves age-related diastolic dysfunction and prolongs lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Meng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Hanhui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Rui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
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3
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Nafis MMH, Quach ZM, Al-Shaarani AAQA, Muafa MHM, Pecoraro L. Pathogenicity of Aspergillus Airborne Fungal Species Collected from Indoor and Outdoor Public Areas in Tianjin, China. Pathogens 2023; 12:1154. [PMID: 37764962 PMCID: PMC10534727 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Airborne fungi play an important role in air pollution and may have various negative effects on human health. In particular, Aspergillus fungi are pathogenic to humans and several domestic animals. In this work, Aspergillus strains isolated from airborne fungal communities sampled from different indoor and outdoor environments in Tianjin University were tested for pathogenicity on Drosophila melanogaster. Airborne fungi were sampled using an HAS-100B air sampler, over a one-year sampling period. Isolated fungal strains were identified based on morphological and molecular analysis. The Aspergillus-centered study was conducted as part of a larger work focusing on the total airborne fungal community in the analyzed environments, which yielded 173 fungal species. In this context, the genus Aspergillus showed the second-highest species richness, with 14 isolated species. Pathogenicity tests performed on male adults of Drosophila melanogaster through a bodily contact bioassay showed that all analyzed airborne Aspergillus species were pathogenic to fruit flies, with high insect mortality rates and shortened lifespan. All the studied fungi induced 100% mortality of fruit flies within 30 culture days, with one exception constituted by A. creber (39 days), while the shortest lifespan (17 days) was observed in fruit flies treated with A. tubingensis. Our results allow us to hypothesize that the studied airborne fungal species may have a pathogenic effect on humans, given the affinity between fruit flies and the human immune system, and may help to explain the health risk linked with Aspergillus fungi exposure in densely populated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lorenzo Pecoraro
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
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4
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Zhao Y, van de Leemput J, Han Z. The opportunities and challenges of using Drosophila to model human cardiac diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1182610. [PMID: 37123266 PMCID: PMC10130661 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1182610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila heart tube seems simple, yet it has notable anatomic complexity and contains highly specialized structures. In fact, the development of the fly heart tube much resembles that of the earliest stages of mammalian heart development, and the molecular-genetic mechanisms driving these processes are highly conserved between flies and humans. Combined with the fly's unmatched genetic tools and a wide variety of techniques to assay both structure and function in the living fly heart, these attributes have made Drosophila a valuable model system for studying human heart development and disease. This perspective focuses on the functional and physiological similarities between fly and human hearts. Further, it discusses current limitations in using the fly, as well as promising prospects to expand the capabilities of Drosophila as a research model for studying human cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpo Zhao
- Center for Precision Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joyce van de Leemput
- Center for Precision Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zhe Han
- Center for Precision Disease Modeling, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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5
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Peng T, Ding M, Yan H, Li Q, Zhang P, Tian R, Zheng L. Exercise Training Upregulates Cardiac mtp Expression in Drosophila melanogaster with HFD to Improve Cardiac Dysfunction and Abnormal Lipid Metabolism. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121745. [PMID: 36552256 PMCID: PMC9775405 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that the heart plays an important role in regulating systemic lipid homeostasis, and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity is a major cause of cardiovascular disease, although little is known about the specific mechanisms involved. Exercise training can reportedly improve abnormal lipid metabolism and cardiac dysfunction induced by high-fat diets; however, the molecular mechanisms are not yet understood. In the present study, to explore the relationship between exercise training and cardiac mtp in HFD flies and potential mechanisms by which exercise training affects HFD flies, Drosophila was selected as a model organism, and the GAL4/UAS system was used to specifically knock down the target gene. Experiments revealed that HFD-fed Drosophila exhibited changes in body weight, increased triglycerides (TG) and dysregulated cardiac contractility, consistent with observations in mammals. Interestingly, inhibition of cardiac mtp expression reduced HFD-induced cardiac damage and mitigated the increase in triglycerides. Further studies showed that in HFD +w1118, HFD + Hand > w1118, and HFD+ Hand > mtpRNAi, cardiac mtp expression downregulation induced by HFD was treated by exercise training and mitochondrial β-oxidation capacity in cardiomyocytes was reversed. Overall, knocking down mtp in the heart prevented an increase in systemic TG levels and protected cardiac contractility from damage caused by HFD, similar to the findings observed after exercise training. Moreover, exercise training upregulated the decrease in cardiac mtp expression induced by HFD. Increased Had1 and Acox3 expression were observed, consistent with changes in cardiac mtp expression.
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6
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Lok A, Fernandez-Garcia MA, Taylor RW, French C, MacFarland R, Bodi I, Champion M, Josifova D, Raymond FL, Iuso A, Jungbluth H, Milan A, Singh RR. Novel phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase (PPCS) mutations with prominent neuromuscular features: Expanding the phenotypical spectrum of PPCS-related disorders. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2783-2789. [PMID: 35616428 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Biallelic pathogenic variants in phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase, PPCS, are a rare cause of a severe early-onset dilated cardiomyopathy with high morbidity and mortality. To date, only five individuals with PPCS-mutations have been reported. Here, we report a female infant who presented in the neonatal period with hypotonia, a necrotizing myopathy with intermittent rhabdomyolysis and other extracardiac manifestations before developing a progressive and ultimately fatal dilated cardiomyopathy. Gene agnostic trio genome sequencing revealed two rare variants in the PPCS [MIM: 609853] in trans, a previously reported pathogenic c.320_334del p. (Pro107_Ala111del) variant, and a c.613-3C>G intronic variant of uncertain significance. Functional studies confirmed the likely pathogenicity of this variant. Our case provides clinical and histopathological evidence for an associated neuromuscular phenotype not previously recognized and expands the evolving phenotypic spectrum of PPCS-related disorders. We also performed a literature search of all previously published cases and summarize the common features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishin Lok
- Neonatal Unit, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Miguel A Fernandez-Garcia
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,NHS Highly Specialised for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Courtney French
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert MacFarland
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,NHS Highly Specialised for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Istvan Bodi
- Department of Clinical Neuropathology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael Champion
- Department of Children's Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Dragana Josifova
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Arcangela Iuso
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine (FoLSM), London, UK.,Department of Paediatric Neurology, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anna Milan
- Neonatal Unit, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rahul R Singh
- Neonatal Unit, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Paediatric Neurology, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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7
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Ajayi PT, Katti P, Zhang Y, Willingham TB, Sun Y, Bleck CKE, Glancy B. Regulation of the evolutionarily conserved muscle myofibrillar matrix by cell type dependent and independent mechanisms. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2661. [PMID: 35562354 PMCID: PMC9106682 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles play a central role in human movement through forces transmitted by contraction of the sarcomere. We recently showed that mammalian sarcomeres are connected through frequent branches forming a singular, mesh-like myofibrillar matrix. However, the extent to which myofibrillar connectivity is evolutionarily conserved as well as mechanisms which regulate the specific architecture of sarcomere branching remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate the presence of a myofibrillar matrix in the tubular, but not indirect flight (IF) muscles within Drosophila melanogaster. Moreover, we find that loss of transcription factor H15 increases sarcomere branching frequency in the tubular jump muscles, and we show that sarcomere branching can be turned on in IF muscles by salm-mediated conversion to tubular muscles. Finally, we demonstrate that neurochondrin misexpression results in myofibrillar connectivity in IF muscles without conversion to tubular muscles. These data indicate an evolutionarily conserved myofibrillar matrix regulated by both cell-type dependent and independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Ajayi
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Prasanna Katti
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yingfan Zhang
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Ye Sun
- Electron Microscopy Core, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Brian Glancy
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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8
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Ecovoiu AA, Ratiu AC, Micheu MM, Chifiriuc MC. Inter-Species Rescue of Mutant Phenotype—The Standard for Genetic Analysis of Human Genetic Disorders in Drosophila melanogaster Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052613. [PMID: 35269756 PMCID: PMC8909942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster (the fruit fly) is arguably a superstar of genetics, an astonishing versatile experimental model which fueled no less than six Nobel prizes in medicine. Nowadays, an evolving research endeavor is to simulate and investigate human genetic diseases in the powerful D. melanogaster platform. Such a translational experimental strategy is expected to allow scientists not only to understand the molecular mechanisms of the respective disorders but also to alleviate or even cure them. In this regard, functional gene orthology should be initially confirmed in vivo by transferring human or vertebrate orthologous transgenes in specific mutant backgrounds of D. melanogaster. If such a transgene rescues, at least partially, the mutant phenotype, then it qualifies as a strong candidate for modeling the respective genetic disorder in the fruit fly. Herein, we review various examples of inter-species rescue of relevant mutant phenotypes of the fruit fly and discuss how these results recommend several human genes as candidates to study and validate genetic variants associated with human diseases. We also consider that a wider implementation of this evolutionist exploratory approach as a standard for the medicine of genetic disorders would allow this particular field of human health to advance at a faster pace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Al. Ecovoiu
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Attila Cristian Ratiu
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-722250366
| | - Miruna Mihaela Micheu
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest and Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
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9
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Drosophila Heart as a Model for Cardiac Development and Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113078. [PMID: 34831301 PMCID: PMC8623483 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila heart, also referred to as the dorsal vessel, pumps the insect blood, the hemolymph. The bilateral heart primordia develop from the most dorsally located mesodermal cells, migrate coordinately, and fuse to form the cardiac tube. Though much simpler, the fruit fly heart displays several developmental and functional similarities to the vertebrate heart and, as we discuss here, represents an attractive model system for dissecting mechanisms of cardiac aging and heart failure and identifying genes causing congenital heart diseases. Fast imaging technologies allow for the characterization of heartbeat parameters in the adult fly and there is growing evidence that cardiac dysfunction in human diseases could be reproduced and analyzed in Drosophila, as discussed here for heart defects associated with the myotonic dystrophy type 1. Overall, the power of genetics and unsuspected conservation of genes and pathways puts Drosophila at the heart of fundamental and applied cardiac research.
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10
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Canonico F, Chirivi M, Maiullari F, Milan M, Rizzi R, Arcudi A, Galli M, Pane M, Gowran A, Pompilio G, Mercuri E, Crea F, Bearzi C, D'Amario D. Focus on the road to modelling cardiomyopathy in muscular dystrophy. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1872-1884. [PMID: 34254111 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the DMD gene, which codes for the protein dystrophin, cause forms of dystrophinopathies such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, an X-linked disease. Cardiomyopathy linked to DMD mutations is becoming the leading cause of death in patients with dystrophinopathy. Since phenotypic pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully understood, the improvement and development of new disease models, considering their relative advantages and disadvantages, is essential. The application of genetic engineering approaches on induced pluripotent stem cells, such as gene editing technology, enables the development of physiologically relevant human cell models for in vitro dystrophinopathy studies. The combination of induced pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiovascular cell types and 3 D bioprinting technologies hold great promise for the study of dystrophin-linked cardiomyopathy. This combined approach enables the assessment of responses to physical or chemical stimuli, and the influence of pharmaceutical approaches. The critical objective of in vitro microphysiological systems is to more accurately reproduce the microenvironment observed in vivo. Ground-breaking methodology involving the connection of multiple microphysiological systems comprised of different tissues would represent a move toward precision body-on-chip disease modelling could lead to a critical expansion in what is known about inter-organ responses to disease and novel therapies that have the potential to replace animal models. In this review, we will focus on the generation, development, and application of current cellular, animal and potential for bio-printed models, in the study of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying dystrophin-linked cardiomyopathy in the direction of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Canonico
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Maila Chirivi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM) "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Maiullari
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM) "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Marika Milan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM) "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Rizzi
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM) "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy.,Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Arcudi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Galli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Pane
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Department of Women, Children and Public Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Aoife Gowran
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Department of Women, Children and Public Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Crea
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Bearzi
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM) "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy.,Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (IRGB-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico D'Amario
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rome, Italy
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11
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"Betwixt Mine Eye and Heart a League Is Took": The Progress of Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell-Based Models of Dystrophin-Associated Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21196997. [PMID: 32977524 PMCID: PMC7582534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultimate goal of precision disease modeling is to artificially recreate the disease of affected people in a highly controllable and adaptable external environment. This field has rapidly advanced which is evident from the application of patient-specific pluripotent stem-cell-derived precision therapies in numerous clinical trials aimed at a diverse set of diseases such as macular degeneration, heart disease, spinal cord injury, graft-versus-host disease, and muscular dystrophy. Despite the existence of semi-adequate treatments for tempering skeletal muscle degeneration in dystrophic patients, nonischemic cardiomyopathy remains one of the primary causes of death. Therefore, cardiovascular cells derived from muscular dystrophy patients' induced pluripotent stem cells are well suited to mimic dystrophin-associated cardiomyopathy and hold great promise for the development of future fully effective therapies. The purpose of this article is to convey the realities of employing precision disease models of dystrophin-associated cardiomyopathy. This is achieved by discussing, as suggested in the title echoing William Shakespeare's words, the settlements (or "leagues") made by researchers to manage the constraints ("betwixt mine eye and heart") distancing them from achieving a perfect precision disease model.
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12
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Yablonka-Reuveni Z, Stockdale F, Nudel U, Israeli D, Blau HM, Shainberg A, Neuman S, Kessler-Icekson G, Krull EM, Paterson B, Fuchs OS, Greenberg D, Sarig R, Halevy O, Ozawa E, Katcoff DJ. Farewell to Professor David Yaffe - A pillar of the myogenesis field. Eur J Transl Myol 2020; 30:9306. [PMID: 33117511 PMCID: PMC7582454 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2020.9306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is with great sadness that we have learned about the passing of Professor David Yaffe (1929-2020, Israel). Yehi Zichro Baruch - May his memory be a blessing. David was a man of family, science and nature. A native of Israel, David grew up in the historic years that preceded the birth of the State of Israel. He was a member of the group that established Kibbutz Revivim in the Negev desert, and in 1948 participated in Israel's War of Independence. David and Ruth eventually joined Kibbutz Givat Brenner by Rehovot, permitting David to be both a kibbutz member and a life-long researcher at the Weizmann Institute of Science, where David received his PhD in 1959. David returned to the Institute after his postdoc at Stanford. Here, after several years of researching a number of tissues as models for studying the process of differentiation, David entered the myogenesis field and stayed with it to his last day. With his dedication to the field of myogenesis and his commitment to furthering the understanding of the People and the Land of Israel throughout the international scientific community, David organized the first ever myogenesis meeting that took place in Shoresh, Israel in 1975. This was followed by the 1980 myogenesis meeting at the same place and many more outstanding meetings, all of which brought together myogenesis, nature and scenery. Herein, through the preparation and publication of this current manuscript, we are meeting once again at a "David Yaffe myogenesis meeting". Some of us have been members of the Yaffe lab, some of us have known David as his national and international colleagues in the myology field. One of our contributors has also known (and communicates here) about David Yaffe's earlier years as a kibbutznick in the Negev. Our collective reflections are a tribute to Professor David Yaffe. We are fortunate that the European Journal of Translational Myology has provided us with tremendous input and a platform for holding this 2020 distance meeting "Farwell to Professor David Yaffe - A Pillar of the Myogenesis Field".
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Uri Nudel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Helen M Blau
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical Sciences Research Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Asher Shainberg
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Gania Kessler-Icekson
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Bruce Paterson
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - David Greenberg
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Sarig
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Orna Halevy
- Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eijiro Ozawa
- National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Don J Katcoff
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Overexpression of Kif1A in the Developing Drosophila Heart Causes Valvar and Contractility Defects: Implications for Human Congenital Heart Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7020022. [PMID: 32498427 PMCID: PMC7345553 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Left-sided congenital heart defects (CHDs) are among the most common forms of congenital heart disease, but a disease-causing gene has only been identified in a minority of cases. Here, we identified a candidate gene for CHDs, KIF1A, that was associated with a chromosomal balanced translocation t(2;8)(q37;p11) in a patient with left-sided heart and aortic valve defects. The breakpoint was in the 5′ untranslated region of the KIF1A gene at 2q37, which suggested that the break affected the levels of Kif1A gene expression. Transgenic fly lines overexpressing Kif1A specifically in the heart muscle (or all muscles) caused diminished cardiac contractility, myofibrillar disorganization, and heart valve defects, whereas cardiac knockdown had no effect on heart structure or function. Overexpression of Kif1A also caused increased collagen IV deposition in the fibrous network that normally surrounds the fly heart. Kif1A overexpression in C2C12 myoblasts resulted in specific displacement of the F-actin fibers, probably through a direct interaction with G-actin. These results point to a Kif1A-mediated disruption of F-actin organization as a potential mechanism for the pathogenesis in at least some human CHDs.
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Wasala NB, Chen SJ, Duan D. Duchenne muscular dystrophy animal models for high-throughput drug discovery and precision medicine. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:443-456. [PMID: 32000537 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1718100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked handicapping disease due to the loss of an essential muscle protein dystrophin. Dystrophin-null animals have been extensively used to study disease mechanisms and to develop experimental therapeutics. Despite decades of research, however, treatment options for DMD remain very limited.Areas covered: High-throughput high-content screening and precision medicine offer exciting new opportunities. Here, the authors review animal models that are suitable for these studies.Expert opinion: Nonmammalian models (worm, fruit fly, and zebrafish) are particularly attractive for cost-effective large-scale drug screening. Several promising lead compounds have been discovered using these models. Precision medicine for DMD aims at developing mutation-specific therapies such as exon-skipping and genome editing. To meet these needs, models with patient-like mutations have been established in different species. Models that harbor hotspot mutations are very attractive because the drugs developed in these models can bring mutation-specific therapies to a large population of patients. Humanized hDMD mice carry the entire human dystrophin gene in the mouse genome. Reagents developed in the hDMD mouse-based models are directly translatable to human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalinda B Wasala
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shi-Jie Chen
- Department of Physics, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Bar L, Czosnek H, Sobol I, Ghanim M, Hariton Shalev A. Downregulation of dystrophin expression in pupae of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci inhibits the emergence of adults. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 28:662-675. [PMID: 30834620 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a major pest to agriculture. Adults are able to fly for long distances and to colonize staple crops, herbs and ornamentals, and to vector viruses belonging to several important taxonomic groups. During their early development, whiteflies mature from eggs through several nymphal stages (instars I to IV) until adults emerge from pupae. We aim at reducing whitefly populations by inhibiting the emergence of adults from nymphs. Here we targeted dystrophin, a conserved protein essential for the development of the muscle system in humans, other animals and insects. We have exploited the fact that whitefly nymphs developing on tomato leaves feed from the plant phloem via their stylets. Thus, we delivered dystrophin-silencing double-stranded RNA to nymphs developing on leaves of tomato plantlets with their roots bathing in the silencing solution. Downregulation of dystrophin expression occurred mainly in pupae. Dystrophin silencing induced also the downregulation of the dystrophin-associated protein genes actin and tropomyosin, and disrupted F-actin. Most significantly, the treatment inhibited the emergence of adults from pupae, suggesting that targeting dystrophin may help to restrain whitefly populations. This study demonstrates for the first time the important role of dystrophin in the development of a major insect pest to agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bar
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - H Czosnek
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - I Sobol
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - M Ghanim
- Department of Entomology, Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - A Hariton Shalev
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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16
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BK Ca ( Slo) Channel Regulates Mitochondrial Function and Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090945. [PMID: 31438578 PMCID: PMC6770356 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BKCa channels, originally discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as slowpoke (slo), are recognized for their roles in cellular and organ physiology. Pharmacological approaches implicated BKCa channels in cellular and organ protection possibly for their ability to modulate mitochondrial function. However, the direct role of BKCa channels in regulating mitochondrial structure and function is not deciphered. Here, we demonstrate that BKCa channels are present in fly mitochondria, and slo mutants show structural and functional defects in mitochondria. slo mutants display an increase in reactive oxygen species and the modulation of ROS affected their survival. We also found that the absence of BKCa channels reduced the lifespan of Drosophila, and overexpression of human BKCa channels in flies extends life span in males. Our study establishes the presence of BKCa channels in mitochondria of Drosophila and ascertains its novel physiological role in regulating mitochondrial structural and functional integrity, and lifespan.
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Yamamoto T, Awano H, Zhang Z, Sakuma M, Kitaaki S, Matsumoto M, Nagai M, Sato I, Imanishi T, Hayashi N, Matsuo M, Iijima K, Saegusa J. Cardiac Dysfunction in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Is Less Frequent in Patients With Mutations in the Dystrophin Dp116 Coding Region Than in Other Regions. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2019; 11:e001782. [PMID: 29874176 PMCID: PMC6319568 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.117.001782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common inherited muscular disease in childhood, is caused by dystrophin deficiency because of mutations in the DMD gene. Although DMD is characterized by fatal progressive muscle wasting, cardiomyopathy is the most important nonmuscle symptom threatening the life of patients with DMD. The relationship between cardiac involvement and dystrophin isoforms has not been analyzed. Methods and Results: The results of 1109 echocardiograms obtained from 181 Japanese DMD patients with confirmed mutations in the DMD gene were retrospectively analyzed. Patients showed an age-related decline in left ventricular ejection fraction. Patients were divided by patterns of dystrophin isoform deficiency into 5 groups. The cardiac dysfunction-free survival was significantly higher in the group with mutations in the Dp116 coding region than the others, whereas no significant differences in the other 3 groups. At age 25 years, the cardiac dysfunction-free rate was 0.6 in the Dp116 group, but only 0.1 in others. PCR amplification of Dp116 transcript in human cardiac muscle indicated promoter activation. Conclusions: Left ventricular ejection fraction in DMD declined stepwise with age. Cardiac dysfunction was less frequent in Dp116-deficient than other patients with DMD. Dp116 transcript was identified in human cardiac muscle for the first time. These results indicate that Dp116 is associated with cardiac involvement in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsushi Yamamoto
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan (T.Y., S.K., I.S., T.I., N.H., J.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan (H.A., M. Matsumoto, M.N., K.I.); Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.Z.); Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan (Z.Z., M. Matsuo); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (M.E.-S.)
| | - Hiroyuki Awano
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan (T.Y., S.K., I.S., T.I., N.H., J.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan (H.A., M. Matsumoto, M.N., K.I.); Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.Z.); Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan (Z.Z., M. Matsuo); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (M.E.-S.)
| | - Zhujun Zhang
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan (T.Y., S.K., I.S., T.I., N.H., J.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan (H.A., M. Matsumoto, M.N., K.I.); Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.Z.); Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan (Z.Z., M. Matsuo); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (M.E.-S.)
| | - Mio Sakuma
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan (T.Y., S.K., I.S., T.I., N.H., J.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan (H.A., M. Matsumoto, M.N., K.I.); Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.Z.); Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan (Z.Z., M. Matsuo); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (M.E.-S.)
| | - Shoko Kitaaki
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan (T.Y., S.K., I.S., T.I., N.H., J.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan (H.A., M. Matsumoto, M.N., K.I.); Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.Z.); Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan (Z.Z., M. Matsuo); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (M.E.-S.)
| | - Masaaki Matsumoto
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan (T.Y., S.K., I.S., T.I., N.H., J.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan (H.A., M. Matsumoto, M.N., K.I.); Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.Z.); Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan (Z.Z., M. Matsuo); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (M.E.-S.)
| | - Masashi Nagai
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan (T.Y., S.K., I.S., T.I., N.H., J.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan (H.A., M. Matsumoto, M.N., K.I.); Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.Z.); Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan (Z.Z., M. Matsuo); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (M.E.-S.)
| | - Itsuko Sato
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan (T.Y., S.K., I.S., T.I., N.H., J.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan (H.A., M. Matsumoto, M.N., K.I.); Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.Z.); Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan (Z.Z., M. Matsuo); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (M.E.-S.)
| | - Takamitsu Imanishi
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan (T.Y., S.K., I.S., T.I., N.H., J.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan (H.A., M. Matsumoto, M.N., K.I.); Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.Z.); Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan (Z.Z., M. Matsuo); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (M.E.-S.)
| | - Nobuhide Hayashi
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan (T.Y., S.K., I.S., T.I., N.H., J.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan (H.A., M. Matsumoto, M.N., K.I.); Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.Z.); Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan (Z.Z., M. Matsuo); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (M.E.-S.)
| | - Masafumi Matsuo
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan (T.Y., S.K., I.S., T.I., N.H., J.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan (H.A., M. Matsumoto, M.N., K.I.); Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.Z.); Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan (Z.Z., M. Matsuo); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (M.E.-S.).
| | - Kazumoto Iijima
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan (T.Y., S.K., I.S., T.I., N.H., J.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan (H.A., M. Matsumoto, M.N., K.I.); Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.Z.); Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan (Z.Z., M. Matsuo); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (M.E.-S.)
| | - Jun Saegusa
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan (T.Y., S.K., I.S., T.I., N.H., J.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan (H.A., M. Matsumoto, M.N., K.I.); Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China (Z.Z.); Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan (Z.Z., M. Matsuo); and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (M.E.-S.)
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18
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De Nobrega AK, Lyons LC. Aging and the clock: Perspective from flies to humans. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 51:454-481. [PMID: 30269400 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous circadian oscillators regulate molecular, cellular and physiological rhythms, synchronizing tissues and organ function to coordinate activity and metabolism with environmental cycles. The technological nature of modern society with round-the-clock work schedules and heavy reliance on personal electronics has precipitated a striking increase in the incidence of circadian and sleep disorders. Circadian dysfunction contributes to an increased risk for many diseases and appears to have adverse effects on aging and longevity in animal models. From invertebrate organisms to humans, the function and synchronization of the circadian system weakens with age aggravating the age-related disorders and pathologies. In this review, we highlight the impacts of circadian dysfunction on aging and longevity and the reciprocal effects of aging on circadian function with examples from Drosophila to humans underscoring the highly conserved nature of these interactions. Additionally, we review the potential for using reinforcement of the circadian system to promote healthy aging and mitigate age-related pathologies. Advancements in medicine and public health have significantly increased human life span in the past century. With the demographics of countries worldwide shifting to an older population, there is a critical need to understand the factors that shape healthy aging. Drosophila melanogaster, as a model for aging and circadian interactions, has the capacity to facilitate the rapid advancement of research in this area and provide mechanistic insights for targeted investigations in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza K De Nobrega
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Lisa C Lyons
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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19
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Iuso A, Wiersma M, Schüller HJ, Pode-Shakked B, Marek-Yagel D, Grigat M, Schwarzmayr T, Berutti R, Alhaddad B, Kanon B, Grzeschik NA, Okun JG, Perles Z, Salem Y, Barel O, Vardi A, Rubinshtein M, Tirosh T, Dubnov-Raz G, Messias AC, Terrile C, Barshack I, Volkov A, Avivi C, Eyal E, Mastantuono E, Kumbar M, Abudi S, Braunisch M, Strom TM, Meitinger T, Hoffmann GF, Prokisch H, Haack TB, Brundel BJ, Haas D, Sibon OC, Anikster Y. Mutations in PPCS, Encoding Phosphopantothenoylcysteine Synthetase, Cause Autosomal-Recessive Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:1018-1030. [PMID: 29754768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme A (CoA) is an essential metabolic cofactor used by around 4% of cellular enzymes. Its role is to carry and transfer acetyl and acyl groups to other molecules. Cells can synthesize CoA de novo from vitamin B5 (pantothenate) through five consecutive enzymatic steps. Phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase (PPCS) catalyzes the second step of the pathway during which phosphopantothenate reacts with ATP and cysteine to form phosphopantothenoylcysteine. Inborn errors of CoA biosynthesis have been implicated in neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA), a group of rare neurological disorders characterized by accumulation of iron in the basal ganglia and progressive neurodegeneration. Exome sequencing in five individuals from two unrelated families presenting with dilated cardiomyopathy revealed biallelic mutations in PPCS, linking CoA synthesis with a cardiac phenotype. Studies in yeast and fruit flies confirmed the pathogenicity of identified mutations. Biochemical analysis revealed a decrease in CoA levels in fibroblasts of all affected individuals. CoA biosynthesis can occur with pantethine as a source independent from PPCS, suggesting pantethine as targeted treatment for the affected individuals still alive.
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20
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Calpena E, López Del Amo V, Chakraborty M, Llamusí B, Artero R, Espinós C, Galindo MI. The Drosophila junctophilin gene is functionally equivalent to its four mammalian counterparts and is a modifier of a Huntingtin poly-Q expansion and the Notch pathway. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.029082. [PMID: 29208631 PMCID: PMC5818072 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.029082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Junctophilin (JPH) protein family have emerged as key actors in all excitable cells, with crucial implications for human pathophysiology. In mammals, this family consists of four members (JPH1-JPH4) that are differentially expressed throughout excitable cells. The analysis of knockout mice lacking JPH subtypes has demonstrated their essential contribution to physiological functions in skeletal and cardiac muscles and in neurons. Moreover, mutations in the human JPH2 gene are associated with hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies; mutations in JPH3 are responsible for the neurodegenerative Huntington's disease-like-2 (HDL2), whereas JPH1 acts as a genetic modifier in Charcot–Marie–Tooth 2K peripheral neuropathy. Drosophila melanogaster has a single junctophilin (jp) gene, as is the case in all invertebrates, which might retain equivalent functions of the four homologous JPH genes present in mammalian genomes. Therefore, owing to the lack of putatively redundant genes, a jpDrosophila model could provide an excellent platform to model the Junctophilin-related diseases, to discover the ancestral functions of the JPH proteins and to reveal new pathways. By up- and downregulation of Jp in a tissue-specific manner in Drosophila, we show that altering its levels of expression produces a phenotypic spectrum characterized by muscular deficits, dilated cardiomyopathy and neuronal alterations. Importantly, our study has demonstrated that Jp modifies the neuronal degeneration in a Drosophila model of Huntington's disease, and it has allowed us to uncover an unsuspected functional relationship with the Notch pathway. Therefore, this Drosophila model has revealed new aspects of Junctophilin function that can be relevant for the disease mechanisms of their human counterparts. Summary: This work reveals that the Drosophila Junctophilin protein has similar functions to its mammalian homologues and uncovers new interactions of potential biomedical interest with Huntingtin and Notch signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Calpena
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), c/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera no. 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor López Del Amo
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), c/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera no. 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mouli Chakraborty
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, Avda. Menendez Pelayo 4 acc 46010, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Genetics and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, c/ Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjasot, Spain
| | - Beatriz Llamusí
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, Avda. Menendez Pelayo 4 acc 46010, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Genetics and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, c/ Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjasot, Spain
| | - Rubén Artero
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, Avda. Menendez Pelayo 4 acc 46010, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Genetics and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, c/ Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjasot, Spain
| | - Carmen Espinós
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), c/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera no. 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain.,UPV-CIPF Joint Unit Disease Mechanisms and Nanomedicine, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Máximo I Galindo
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), c/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera no. 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain .,UPV-CIPF Joint Unit Disease Mechanisms and Nanomedicine, 46012 Valencia, Spain.,Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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21
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Potikanond S, Nimlamool W, Noordermeer J, Fradkin LG. Muscular Dystrophy Model. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1076:147-172. [PMID: 29951819 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0529-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a group of muscle weakness disease involving in inherited genetic conditions. MD is caused by mutations or alteration in the genes responsible for the structure and functioning of muscles. There are many different types of MD which have a wide range from mild symptoms to severe disability. Some types involve the muscles used for breathing which eventually affect life expectancy. This chapter provides an overview of the MD types, its gene mutations, and the Drosophila MD models. Specifically, the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common form of MD, will be thoroughly discussed including Dystrophin genes, their isoforms, possible mechanisms, and signaling pathways of pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranyapin Potikanond
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Wutigri Nimlamool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jasprien Noordermeer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lee G Fradkin
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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22
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Matsuo M, Awano H, Matsumoto M, Nagai M, Kawaguchi T, Zhang Z, Nishio H. Dystrophin Dp116: A yet to Be Investigated Product of the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Gene. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8100251. [PMID: 28974057 PMCID: PMC5664101 DOI: 10.3390/genes8100251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene is one of the largest genes in the human genome. The gene exhibits a complex arrangement of seven alternative promoters, which drive the expression of three full length and four shorter isoforms. Dp116, the second smallest product of the DMD gene, is a Schwann cell-specific isoform encoded by a transcript corresponding to DMD exons 56–79, starting from a promoter/exon S1 within intron 55. The physiological roles of Dp116 are poorly understood, because of its extensive homology with other isoforms and its expression in specific tissues. This review summarizes studies on Dp116, focusing on clinical findings and alternative activation of the upstream translation initiation codon that is predicted to produce Dp118.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Matsuo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe 651-2180, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Awano
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Masashi Nagai
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Kawaguchi
- Biomedical Analysis and Pathology Research Group, Discovery Science and Technology Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Tokyo 134-8630, Japan.
| | - Zhujun Zhang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe 651-2180, Japan.
| | - Hisahide Nishio
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Sciences, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
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23
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Doran CR, Estévez-Lao TY, Hillyer JF. Mosquito aging modulates the heart rate and the proportional directionality of heart contractions. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 101:47-56. [PMID: 28655496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito aging impacts a myriad of physiological processes, including digestion, flight, mating, reproductive success, and immunity. In the present study, we conducted intravital video imaging in 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20-day-old Anopheles gambiae female adults to assess whether aging impacts mosquito heart physiology. We found that the heart contraction rate increases over the first 15days of adulthood and then decreases. These changes occur for both contraction directions, although aging results in a relative change in the anterograde versus retrograde contraction rates. That is, whereas for the first 5days of life the anterograde and retrograde contraction rates are similar, from day 10 to day 20 the retrograde contraction rate is higher than the anterograde contraction rate. Aging also biases the proportional directionality of heart contractions, from approximately two thirds of the time being spent contracting in the anterograde direction and two thirds of the contractions propagating anterograde during the first 5days of life to an approximately even split between anterograde and retrograde when the mosquitoes have reached 10 to 20days of age. Transcriptional analyses of crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP), FMRFamide, calcium-calmodulin dependent kinase II (CaMKII), pygopus, manganese-iron superoxide dismutase (MnSOD1) and vinculin by quantitative RT-PCR revealed age-associated changes in gene expression, with MnSOD1 and vinculin expression showing a declining trend with age. RNAi-based knockdown of MnSOD1 or vinculin resulted in heart physiology that trended toward the aging phenotype for every parameter that was measured, suggesting that these two genes are involved in cardiac aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte R Doran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tania Y Estévez-Lao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julián F Hillyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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24
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England J, Loughna S, Rutland CS. Multiple Species Comparison of Cardiac Troponin T and Dystrophin: Unravelling the DNA behind Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2017; 4:E8. [PMID: 29367539 PMCID: PMC5715711 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd4030008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals have frequently been used as models for human disorders and mutations. Following advances in genetic testing and treatment options, and the decreasing cost of these technologies in the clinic, mutations in both companion and commercial animals are now being investigated. A recent review highlighted the genes associated with both human and non-human dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiac troponin T and dystrophin were observed to be associated with both human and turkey (troponin T) and canine (dystrophin) dilated cardiomyopathies. This review gives an overview of the work carried out in cardiac troponin T and dystrophin to date in both human and animal dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer England
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Siobhan Loughna
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Catrin Sian Rutland
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.
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25
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Ocorr K, Zambon A, Nudell Y, Pineda S, Diop S, Tang M, Akasaka T, Taylor E. Age-dependent electrical and morphological remodeling of the Drosophila heart caused by hERG/seizure mutations. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006786. [PMID: 28542428 PMCID: PMC5459509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the cellular-molecular substrates of heart disease is key to the development of cardiac specific therapies and to the prevention of off-target effects by non-cardiac targeted drugs. One of the primary targets for therapeutic intervention has been the human ether a go-go (hERG) K+ channel that, together with the KCNQ channel, controls the rate and efficiency of repolarization in human myocardial cells. Neither of these channels plays a major role in adult mouse heart function; however, we show here that the hERG homolog seizure (sei), along with KCNQ, both contribute significantly to adult heart function as they do in humans. In Drosophila, mutations in or cardiac knockdown of sei channels cause arrhythmias that become progressively more severe with age. Intracellular recordings of semi-intact heart preparations revealed that these perturbations also cause electrical remodeling that is reminiscent of the early afterdepolarizations seen in human myocardial cells defective in these channels. In contrast to KCNQ, however, mutations in sei also cause extensive structural remodeling of the myofibrillar organization, which suggests that hERG channel function has a novel link to sarcomeric and myofibrillar integrity. We conclude that deficiency of ion channels with similar electrical functions in cardiomyocytes can lead to different types or extents of electrical and/or structural remodeling impacting cardiac output. We have used the fruit fly cardiac model to show that seizure, the fly homolog of the human ether a go-go K+ channel hERG, is functional in the fly heart. This channel plays a major role in cardiac repolarization in humans but not in adult rodent hearts. Loss of channel function in the fly causes bradycardia, electrical arrhythmia and altered myofibrillar structure. Gene expression analysis indicates that Wnt signaling is affected and we show a genetic interaction between sei and pygopus, a Wnt pathway component, on heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Ocorr
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexander Zambon
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Yoav Nudell
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Santiago Pineda
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Soda Diop
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Min Tang
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Erika Taylor
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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26
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Dissecting the Role of the Extracellular Matrix in Heart Disease: Lessons from the Drosophila Genetic Model. Vet Sci 2017; 4:vetsci4020024. [PMID: 29056683 PMCID: PMC5606597 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci4020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic scaffold within organs and tissues that enables cell morphogenesis and provides structural support. Changes in the composition and organisation of the cardiac ECM are required for normal development. Congenital and age-related cardiac diseases can arise from mis-regulation of structural ECM proteins (Collagen, Laminin) or their receptors (Integrin). Key regulators of ECM turnover include matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs). MMP expression is increased in mice, pigs, and dogs with cardiomyopathy. The complexity and longevity of vertebrate animals makes a short-lived, genetically tractable model organism, such as Drosophila melanogaster, an attractive candidate for study. We survey ECM macromolecules and their role in heart development and growth, which are conserved between Drosophila and vertebrates, with focus upon the consequences of altered expression or distribution. The Drosophila heart resembles that of vertebrates during early development, and is amenable to in vivo analysis. Experimental manipulation of gene function in a tissue- or temporally-regulated manner can reveal the function of adhesion or ECM genes in the heart. Perturbation of the function of ECM proteins, or of the MMPs that facilitate ECM remodelling, induces cardiomyopathies in Drosophila, including cardiodilation, arrhythmia, and cardia bifida, that provide mechanistic insight into cardiac disease in mammals.
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27
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Jagla K, Kalman B, Boudou T, Hénon S, Batonnet-Pichon S. Beyond mice: Emerging and transdisciplinary models for the study of early-onset myopathies. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 64:171-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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28
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Shahrestani P, Burke MK, Birse R, Kezos JN, Ocorr K, Mueller LD, Rose MR, Bodmer R. Experimental Evolution and Heart Function in Drosophila. Physiol Biochem Zool 2017; 90:281-293. [PMID: 28277957 DOI: 10.1086/689288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster is a good model species for the study of heart function. However, most previous work on D. melanogaster heart function has focused on the effects of large-effect genetic variants. We compare heart function among 18 D. melanogaster populations that have been selected for altered development time, aging, or stress resistance. We find that populations with faster development and faster aging have increased heart dysfunction, measured as percentage heart failure after electrical pacing. Experimental evolution of different triglyceride levels, by contrast, has little effect on heart function. Evolved differences in heart function correlate with allele frequency changes at many loci of small effect. Genomic analysis of these populations produces a list of candidate loci that might affect cardiac function at the intersection of development, aging, and metabolic control mechanisms.
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29
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Sessions AO, Kaushik G, Parker S, Raedschelders K, Bodmer R, Van Eyk JE, Engler AJ. Extracellular matrix downregulation in the Drosophila heart preserves contractile function and improves lifespan. Matrix Biol 2016; 62:15-27. [PMID: 27793636 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with extensive remodeling of the heart, including basement membrane (BM) components that surround cardiomyocytes. Remodeling is thought to impair cardiac mechanotransduction, but the contribution of specific BM components to age-related lateral communication between cardiomyocytes is unclear. Using a genetically tractable, rapidly aging model with sufficient cardiac genetic homology and morphology, e.g. Drosophila melanogaster, we observed differential regulation of BM collagens between laboratory strains, correlating with changes in muscle physiology leading to cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, we sought to understand the extent to which BM proteins modulate contractile function during aging. Cardiac-restricted knockdown of ECM genes Pericardin, Laminin A, and Viking in Drosophila prevented age-associated heart tube restriction and increased contractility, even under viscous load. Most notably, reduction of Laminin A expression correlated with an overall preservation of contractile velocity with age and extension of organismal lifespan. Global heterozygous knockdown confirmed these data, which provides new evidence of a direct link between BM homeostasis, contractility, and maintenance of lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla O Sessions
- Biomedical Sciences Program, UC, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gaurav Kaushik
- Department of Bioengineering, UC, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sarah Parker
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute; Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center; Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Koen Raedschelders
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute; Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center; Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute; Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center; Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Adam J Engler
- Biomedical Sciences Program, UC, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Bioengineering, UC, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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30
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Abstract
The high level of conservation of the cardiogenic gene regulatory network as well as of the cellular and physiological characteristics of the cardiomyocytes between fly and human, makes the small heart of this invertebrate the simplest and most flexible genetic system to dissect the fundamental molecular mechanisms that are brought into play during the development, the establishment and the maintenance of the cardiac function. The recent improvements in techniques of measurements of cardiac function made it possible to validate Drosophila as a model of cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias of genetic and metabolic origin or dependent of ageing. The heart of the fly thus represents a model of choice to identify genes and their interactions implicated in cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Perrin
- Inserm UMR_S 1090, Technological advances for genomics and clinics (TAGC), parc scientifique de Luminy, case 908, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France - CNRS, Marseille, France - Aix-Marseille université, UMR_S 1090, TAGC, parc scientifique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Röder
- Inserm UMR_S 1090, Technological advances for genomics and clinics (TAGC), parc scientifique de Luminy, case 908, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France - Aix-Marseille université, UMR_S 1090, TAGC, parc scientifique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
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31
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Taghli-Lamallem O, Plantié E, Jagla K. Drosophila in the Heart of Understanding Cardiac Diseases: Modeling Channelopathies and Cardiomyopathies in the Fruitfly. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2016; 3:jcdd3010007. [PMID: 29367558 PMCID: PMC5715700 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd3010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and, among them, channelopathies and cardiomyopathies are a major cause of death worldwide. The molecular and genetic defects underlying these cardiac disorders are complex, leading to a large range of structural and functional heart phenotypes. Identification of molecular and functional mechanisms disrupted by mutations causing channelopathies and cardiomyopathies is essential to understanding the link between an altered gene and clinical phenotype. The development of animal models has been proven to be efficient for functional studies in channelopathies and cardiomyopathies. In particular, the Drosophila model has been largely applied for deciphering the molecular and cellular pathways affected in these inherited cardiac disorders and for identifying their genetic modifiers. Here we review the utility and the main contributions of the fruitfly models for the better understanding of channelopathies and cardiomyopathies. We also discuss the investigated pathological mechanisms and the discoveries of evolutionarily conserved pathways which reinforce the value of Drosophila in modeling human cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouarda Taghli-Lamallem
- GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development laboratory), INSERM U1103, CNRS UMR6293, University of Clermont-Ferrand, 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Emilie Plantié
- GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development laboratory), INSERM U1103, CNRS UMR6293, University of Clermont-Ferrand, 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Krzysztof Jagla
- GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development laboratory), INSERM U1103, CNRS UMR6293, University of Clermont-Ferrand, 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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32
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Chakraborty M, Selma-Soriano E, Magny E, Couso JP, Pérez-Alonso M, Charlet-Berguerand N, Artero R, Llamusi B. Pentamidine rescues contractility and rhythmicity in a Drosophila model of myotonic dystrophy heart dysfunction. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:1569-78. [PMID: 26515653 PMCID: PMC4728315 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.021428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to 80% of individuals with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) will develop cardiac abnormalities at some point during the progression of their disease, the most common of which is heart blockage of varying degrees. Such blockage is characterized by conduction defects and supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia, and carries a high risk of sudden cardiac death. Despite its importance, very few animal model studies have focused on the heart dysfunction in DM1. Here, we describe the characterization of the heart phenotype in a Drosophila model expressing pure expanded CUG repeats under the control of the cardiomyocyte-specific driver GMH5-Gal4. Morphologically, expression of 250 CUG repeats caused abnormalities in the parallel alignment of the spiral myofibrils in dissected fly hearts, as revealed by phalloidin staining. Moreover, combined immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization of Muscleblind and CUG repeats, respectively, confirmed detectable ribonuclear foci and Muscleblind sequestration, characteristic features of DM1, exclusively in flies expressing the expanded CTG repeats. Similarly to what has been reported in humans with DM1, heart-specific expression of toxic RNA resulted in reduced survival, increased arrhythmia, altered diastolic and systolic function, reduced heart tube diameters and reduced contractility in the model flies. As a proof of concept that the fly heart model can be used for in vivo testing of promising therapeutic compounds, we fed flies with pentamidine, a compound previously described to improve DM1 phenotypes. Pentamidine not only released Muscleblind from the CUG RNA repeats and reduced ribonuclear formation in the Drosophila heart, but also rescued heart arrhythmicity and contractility, and improved fly survival in animals expressing 250 CUG repeats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouli Chakraborty
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, Avda. Menendez Pelayo 4 acc 46010, Valencia, Spain Department of Genetics and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, Burjasot 46100, Spain
| | - Estela Selma-Soriano
- Department of Genetics and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, Burjasot 46100, Spain
| | - Emile Magny
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Juan Pablo Couso
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Manuel Pérez-Alonso
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, Avda. Menendez Pelayo 4 acc 46010, Valencia, Spain Department of Genetics and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, Burjasot 46100, Spain
| | - Nicolas Charlet-Berguerand
- Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Ruben Artero
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, Avda. Menendez Pelayo 4 acc 46010, Valencia, Spain Department of Genetics and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, Burjasot 46100, Spain
| | - Beatriz Llamusi
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, Avda. Menendez Pelayo 4 acc 46010, Valencia, Spain Department of Genetics and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, Burjasot 46100, Spain
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33
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Cannon L, Bodmer R. Genetic manipulation of cardiac ageing. J Physiol 2015; 594:2075-83. [PMID: 26060055 DOI: 10.1113/jp270563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing in humans is associated with a significant increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. We still do not fully understand the molecular mechanisms underpinning this correlation. However, a number of insights into which genes control cardiac ageing have come from studying hearts of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. The fly's simple heart tube has similar molecular structure and basic physiology to the human heart. Also, both fly and human hearts experience significant age-related morphological and functional decline. Studies on the fly heart have highlighted the involvement of key nutrient sensing, ion channel and sarcomeric genes in cardiac ageing. Many of these genes have also been implicated in ageing of the mammalian heart. Genes that increase oxidative stress, or are linked to cardiac hypertrophy or neurodegenerative diseases in mammals also affect cardiac ageing in the fruit fly. Moreover, fly studies have demonstrated the potential of exercise and statins to treat age-related cardiac disease. These results show the value of Drosophila as a model to discover the genetic causes of human cardiac ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Cannon
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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34
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Wójtowicz I, Jabłońska J, Zmojdzian M, Taghli-Lamallem O, Renaud Y, Junion G, Daczewska M, Huelsmann S, Jagla K, Jagla T. Drosophila small heat shock protein CryAB ensures structural integrity of developing muscles, and proper muscle and heart performance. Development 2015; 142:994-1005. [PMID: 25715399 DOI: 10.1242/dev.115352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones, such as the small heat shock proteins (sHsps), maintain normal cellular function by controlling protein homeostasis in stress conditions. However, sHsps are not only activated in response to environmental insults, but also exert developmental and tissue-specific functions that are much less known. Here, we show that during normal development the Drosophila sHsp CryAB [L(2)efl] is specifically expressed in larval body wall muscles and accumulates at the level of Z-bands and around myonuclei. CryAB features a conserved actin-binding domain and, when attenuated, leads to clustering of myonuclei and an altered pattern of sarcomeric actin and the Z-band-associated actin crosslinker Cheerio (filamin). Our data suggest that CryAB and Cheerio form a complex essential for muscle integrity: CryAB colocalizes with Cheerio and, as revealed by mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation experiments, binds to Cheerio, and the muscle-specific attenuation of cheerio leads to CryAB-like sarcomeric phenotypes. Furthermore, muscle-targeted expression of CryAB(R120G), which carries a mutation associated with desmin-related myopathy (DRM), results in an altered sarcomeric actin pattern, in affected myofibrillar integrity and in Z-band breaks, leading to reduced muscle performance and to marked cardiac arrhythmia. Taken together, we demonstrate that CryAB ensures myofibrillar integrity in Drosophila muscles during development and propose that it does so by interacting with the actin crosslinker Cheerio. The evidence that a DRM-causing mutation affects CryAB muscle function and leads to DRM-like phenotypes in the fly reveals a conserved stress-independent role of CryAB in maintaining muscle cell cytoarchitecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Wójtowicz
- GReD - INSERM U1103, CNRS UMR6293, Clermont Université, 28, place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, Wrocław 50-335, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Jabłońska
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, Wrocław 50-335, Poland
| | - Monika Zmojdzian
- GReD - INSERM U1103, CNRS UMR6293, Clermont Université, 28, place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Ouarda Taghli-Lamallem
- GReD - INSERM U1103, CNRS UMR6293, Clermont Université, 28, place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Yoan Renaud
- GReD - INSERM U1103, CNRS UMR6293, Clermont Université, 28, place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Guillaume Junion
- GReD - INSERM U1103, CNRS UMR6293, Clermont Université, 28, place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Malgorzata Daczewska
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, Wrocław 50-335, Poland
| | - Sven Huelsmann
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Krzysztof Jagla
- GReD - INSERM U1103, CNRS UMR6293, Clermont Université, 28, place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Teresa Jagla
- GReD - INSERM U1103, CNRS UMR6293, Clermont Université, 28, place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
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Plantié E, Migocka-Patrzałek M, Daczewska M, Jagla K. Model organisms in the fight against muscular dystrophy: lessons from drosophila and Zebrafish. Molecules 2015; 20:6237-53. [PMID: 25859781 PMCID: PMC6272363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20046237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MD) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders that cause muscle weakness, abnormal contractions and muscle wasting, often leading to premature death. More than 30 types of MD have been described so far; those most thoroughly studied are Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and congenital MDs. Structurally, physiologically and biochemically, MDs affect different types of muscles and cause individual symptoms such that genetic and molecular pathways underlying their pathogenesis thus remain poorly understood. To improve our knowledge of how MD-caused muscle defects arise and to find efficacious therapeutic treatments, different animal models have been generated and applied. Among these, simple non-mammalian Drosophila and zebrafish models have proved most useful. This review discusses how zebrafish and Drosophila MD have helped to identify genetic determinants of MDs and design innovative therapeutic strategies with a special focus on DMD, DM1 and congenital MDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Plantié
- GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development laboratory), INSERM U1103, CNRS UMR6293, University of Clermont-Ferrand, 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; E-Mail:
| | - Marta Migocka-Patrzałek
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 21 Sienkiewicza Street, 50-335 Wroclaw, Poland; E-Mails: (M.M.-P.); (M.D.)
| | - Małgorzata Daczewska
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 21 Sienkiewicza Street, 50-335 Wroclaw, Poland; E-Mails: (M.M.-P.); (M.D.)
| | - Krzysztof Jagla
- GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development laboratory), INSERM U1103, CNRS UMR6293, University of Clermont-Ferrand, 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; E-Mail:
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Silencing of drpr leads to muscle and brain degeneration in adult Drosophila. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2653-61. [PMID: 25111228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding the single transmembrane receptor multiple epidermal growth factor-like domain 10 (MEGF10) cause an autosomal recessive congenital muscle disease in humans. Although mammalian MEGF10 is expressed in the central nervous system as well as in skeletal muscle, patients carrying mutations in MEGF10 do not show symptoms of central nervous system dysfunction. drpr is the sole Drosophila homolog of the human genes MEGF10, MEGF11, and MEGF12 (JEDI, PEAR). The functional domains of MEGF10 and drpr bear striking similarities, and residues affected by MEGF10 mutations in humans are conserved in drpr. Our analysis of drpr mutant flies revealed muscle degeneration with fiber size variability and vacuolization, as well as reduced motor performance, features that have been observed in human MEGF10 myopathy. Vacuolization was also seen in the brain. Tissue-specific RNAi experiments demonstrated that drpr deficiency in muscle, but not in the brain, leads to locomotor defects. The histological and behavioral abnormalities seen in the affected flies set the stage for further studies examining the signaling pathway modulated by MEGF10/Drpr in muscle, as well as assessing the effects of genetic and/or pharmacological manipulations on the observed muscle defects. In addition, the absence of functional redundancy for Drpr in Drosophila may help elucidate whether paralogs of MEGF10 in humans (eg, MEGF11) contribute to maintaining wild-type function in the human brain.
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Santalla M, Valverde CA, Harnichar E, Lacunza E, Aguilar-Fuentes J, Mattiazzi A, Ferrero P. Aging and CaMKII alter intracellular Ca2+ transients and heart rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101871. [PMID: 25003749 PMCID: PMC4087024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated to disrupted contractility and rhythmicity, among other cardiovascular alterations. Drosophila melanogaster shows a pattern of aging similar to human beings and recapitulates the arrhythmogenic conditions found in the human heart. Moreover, the kinase CaMKII has been characterized as an important regulator of heart function and an arrhythmogenic molecule that participate in Ca2+ handling. Using a genetically engineered expressed Ca2+ indicator, we report changes in cardiac Ca2+ handling at two different ages. Aging prolonged relaxation, reduced spontaneous heart rate (HR) and increased the occurrence of arrhythmias, ectopic beats and asystoles. Alignment between Drosophila melanogaster and human CaMKII showed a high degree of conservation and indicates that relevant phosphorylation sites in humans are also present in the fruit fly. Inhibition of CaMKII by KN-93 (CaMKII-specific inhibitor), reduced HR without significant changes in other parameters. By contrast, overexpression of CaMKII increased HR and reduced arrhythmias. Moreover, it increased fluorescence amplitude, maximal rate of rise of fluorescence and reduced time to peak fluorescence. These results suggest that CaMKII in Drosophila melanogaster acts directly on heart function and that increasing CaMKII expression levels could be beneficial to improve contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Santalla
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CONICET-La Plata, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Experimentales, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de Buenos Aires, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos A. Valverde
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CONICET-La Plata, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Harnichar
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CONICET-La Plata, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Lacunza
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas, CONICET-La Plata, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de La Plata La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier Aguilar-Fuentes
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Centro Mesoamericano de Estudios en Salud Pública y Desastres, Nodo Tapachula, Laboratorio de Epigenética del Neurodesarrollo y Neurobiología Molecular, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Alicia Mattiazzi
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CONICET-La Plata, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola Ferrero
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CONICET-La Plata, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Experimentales, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de Buenos Aires, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Kooij V, Venkatraman V, Tra J, Kirk JA, Rowell J, Blice-Baum A, Cammarato A, Van Eyk JE. Sizing up models of heart failure: Proteomics from flies to humans. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:653-64. [PMID: 24723306 PMCID: PMC4282793 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the western world. Heart failure is a heterogeneous and complex syndrome, arising from various etiologies, which result in cellular phenotypes that vary from patient to patient. The ability to utilize genetic manipulation and biochemical experimentation in animal models has made them indispensable in the study of this chronic condition. Similarly, proteomics has been helpful for elucidating complicated cellular and molecular phenotypes and has the potential to identify circulating biomarkers and drug targets for therapeutic intervention. In this review, the use of human samples and animal model systems (pig, dog, rat, mouse, zebrafish, and fruit fly) in cardiac research is discussed. Additionally, the protein sequence homology between these species and the extent of conservation at the level of the phospho-proteome in major kinase signaling cascades involved in heart failure are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Kooij
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Nishimura M, Kumsta C, Kaushik G, Diop SB, Ding Y, Bisharat-Kernizan J, Catan H, Cammarato A, Ross RS, Engler AJ, Bodmer R, Hansen M, Ocorr K. A dual role for integrin-linked kinase and β1-integrin in modulating cardiac aging. Aging Cell 2014; 13:431-40. [PMID: 24400780 PMCID: PMC4032615 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac performance decreases with age, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality in the aging human population, but the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac aging are still poorly understood. Investigating the role of integrin-linked kinase (ilk) and β1-integrin (myospheroid, mys) in Drosophila, which colocalize near cardiomyocyte contacts and Z-bands, we find that reduced ilk or mys function prevents the typical changes of cardiac aging seen in wildtype, such as arrhythmias. In particular, the characteristic increase in cardiac arrhythmias with age is prevented in ilk and mys heterozygous flies with nearly identical genetic background, and they live longer, in line with previous findings in Caenorhabditis elegans for ilk and in Drosophila for mys. Consistent with these findings, we observed elevated β1-integrin protein levels in old compared with young wild-type flies, and cardiac-specific overexpression of mys in young flies causes aging-like heart dysfunction. Moreover, moderate cardiac-specific knockdown of integrin-linked kinase (ILK)/integrin pathway-associated genes also prevented the decline in cardiac performance with age. In contrast, strong cardiac knockdown of ilk or ILK-associated genes can severely compromise cardiac integrity, including cardiomyocyte adhesion and overall heart function. These data suggest that ilk/mys function is necessary for establishing and maintaining normal heart structure and function, and appropriate fine-tuning of this pathway can retard the age-dependent decline in cardiac performance and extend lifespan. Thus, ILK/integrin-associated signaling emerges as an important and conserved genetic mechanism in longevity, and as a new means to improve age-dependent cardiac performance, in addition to its vital role in maintaining cardiac integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Nishimura
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; 10901 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Caroline Kumsta
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; 10901 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Gaurav Kaushik
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine; University of California at San Diego; 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Soda B. Diop
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; 10901 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Yun Ding
- School of Medicine; VA San Diego Healthcare System; University of California at San Diego; 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, Cardiology Section 111A San Diego CA 92161 USA
| | - Jumana Bisharat-Kernizan
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; 10901 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Hannah Catan
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; 10901 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Anthony Cammarato
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Medicine; School of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore MD 21287 USA
| | - Robert S. Ross
- School of Medicine; VA San Diego Healthcare System; University of California at San Diego; 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, Cardiology Section 111A San Diego CA 92161 USA
| | - Adam J. Engler
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine; University of California at San Diego; 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; 10901 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Malene Hansen
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; 10901 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Karen Ocorr
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; 10901 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
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40
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Methods to assess Drosophila heart development, function and aging. Methods 2014; 68:265-72. [PMID: 24727147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years the Drosophila heart has become an established model for many different aspects of human cardiac disease. This model has allowed identification of disease-causing mechanisms underlying congenital heart disease and cardiomyopathies and has permitted the study of underlying genetic, metabolic and age-related contributions to heart function. In this review we discuss methods currently employed in the analysis of the Drosophila heart structure and function, such as optical methods to infer heart function and performance, electrophysiological and mechanical approaches to characterize cardiac tissue properties, and conclude with histological techniques used in the study of heart development and adult structure.
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Huntington's disease induced cardiac amyloidosis is reversed by modulating protein folding and oxidative stress pathways in the Drosophila heart. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1004024. [PMID: 24367279 PMCID: PMC3868535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-like inclusions have been associated with Huntington's disease (HD), which is caused by expanded polyglutamine repeats in the Huntingtin protein. HD patients exhibit a high incidence of cardiovascular events, presumably as a result of accumulation of toxic amyloid-like inclusions. We have generated a Drosophila model of cardiac amyloidosis that exhibits accumulation of PolyQ aggregates and oxidative stress in myocardial cells, upon heart-specific expression of Huntingtin protein fragments (Htt-PolyQ) with disease-causing poly-glutamine repeats (PolyQ-46, PolyQ-72, and PolyQ-102). Cardiac expression of GFP-tagged Htt-PolyQs resulted in PolyQ length-dependent functional defects that included increased incidence of arrhythmias and extreme cardiac dilation, accompanied by a significant decrease in contractility. Structural and ultrastructural analysis of the myocardial cells revealed reduced myofibrillar content, myofibrillar disorganization, mitochondrial defects and the presence of PolyQ-GFP positive aggregates. Cardiac-specific expression of disease causing Poly-Q also shortens lifespan of flies dramatically. To further confirm the involvement of oxidative stress or protein unfolding and to understand the mechanism of PolyQ induced cardiomyopathy, we co-expressed expanded PolyQ-72 with the antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) or the myosin chaperone UNC-45. Co-expression of SOD suppressed PolyQ-72 induced mitochondrial defects and partially suppressed aggregation as well as myofibrillar disorganization. However, co-expression of UNC-45 dramatically suppressed PolyQ-72 induced aggregation and partially suppressed myofibrillar disorganization. Moreover, co-expression of both UNC-45 and SOD more efficiently suppressed GFP-positive aggregates, myofibrillar disorganization and physiological cardiac defects induced by PolyQ-72 than did either treatment alone. Our results demonstrate that mutant-PolyQ induces aggregates, disrupts the sarcomeric organization of contractile proteins, leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and increases oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes leading to abnormal cardiac function. We conclude that modulation of both protein unfolding and oxidative stress pathways in the Drosophila heart model can ameliorate the detrimental PolyQ effects, thus providing unique insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying amyloid-induced cardiac failure in HD patients. Huntington's disease (HD) is associated with amyloid-like inclusions in the brain and heart, and accumulation of amyloid protein is associated with neurodegeneration and cardiomyopathy. Recent studies suggest that HD patients show increased susceptibility to cardiac failure. However, the mechanisms by which disease-causing poly-glutamine repeats (PolyQ) cause heart dysfunction in these patients are unclear. We have developed a novel Drosophila heart model that exhibits significant GFP-positive aggregates upon HD-causing PolyQ expression in myocardial cells resulting in PolyQ length-dependent physiological defects. Modulation of protein folding and oxidative stress pathways in this system reduced the number of aggregates and reversed the cardiac dysfunction in response to expression of disease-causing PolyQ. The ability to explore PolyQ-associated mechanisms of cardiomyopathy in a genetically tractable whole organism, Drosophila melanogaster, promises to provide novel insights into the relationship between amyloid accumulation and heart dysfunction. Our findings not only impact the understanding of PolyQ-induced cardiomyopathy but also other human cardiac diseases associated with oxidative stress, mitochondrial defects and protein homeostasis.
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Lotz C, Lin AJ, Black CM, Zhang J, Lau E, Deng N, Wang Y, Zong NC, Choi JH, Xu T, Liem DA, Korge P, Weiss JN, Hermjakob H, Yates JR, Apweiler R, Ping P. Characterization, design, and function of the mitochondrial proteome: from organs to organisms. J Proteome Res 2013; 13:433-46. [PMID: 24070373 DOI: 10.1021/pr400539j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are a common energy source for organs and organisms; their diverse functions are specialized according to the unique phenotypes of their hosting environment. Perturbation of mitochondrial homeostasis accompanies significant pathological phenotypes. However, the connections between mitochondrial proteome properties and function remain to be experimentally established on a systematic level. This uncertainty impedes the contextualization and translation of proteomic data to the molecular derivations of mitochondrial diseases. We present a collection of mitochondrial features and functions from four model systems, including two cardiac mitochondrial proteomes from distinct genomes (human and mouse), two unique organ mitochondrial proteomes from identical genetic codons (mouse heart and mouse liver), as well as a relevant metazoan out-group (drosophila). The data, composed of mitochondrial protein abundance and their biochemical activities, capture the core functionalities of these mitochondria. This investigation allowed us to redefine the core mitochondrial proteome from organs and organisms, as well as the relevant contributions from genetic information and hosting milieu. Our study has identified significant enrichment of disease-associated genes and their products. Furthermore, correlational analyses suggest that mitochondrial proteome design is primarily driven by cellular environment. Taken together, these results connect proteome feature with mitochondrial function, providing a prospective resource for mitochondrial pathophysiology and developing novel therapeutic targets in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lotz
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , 675 Charles E. Young Drive, MRL Building, Suite 1609, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Tang M, Yuan W, Bodmer R, Wu X, Ocorr K. The role of pygopus in the differentiation of intracardiac valves in Drosophila. Genesis 2013; 52:19-28. [PMID: 24265259 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac valves serve an important function; they support unidirectional blood flow and prevent blood regurgitation. Wnt signaling plays an important role in the formation of mouse cardiac valves and cardiac valve proliferation in Zebrafish, but identification of the specific signaling components involved has not been addressed systematically. Of the components involved in Wnt signal transduction, pygopus (pygo), first identified as a core component of Wnt signaling in Drosophila, has not yet to be investigated with respect to valve development and differentiation. Here, we take advantage of the Drosophila heart model to study the role of pygo in formation of valves between the cardiac chambers. We found that cardiac-specific pygo knockdown in the Drosophila heart causes dilation in the region of these cardiac valves, and their characteristic dense mesh of myofibrils does not form and resembles that of neighboring cardiomyocytes. In contrast, heart-specific knockdown of the transcription factors, arm/β-Cat, lgs/BCL9, or pan/TCF, which mediates canonical Wnt signal transduction, shows a much weaker valve differentiation defect. Double-heterozygous combinations of mutants for pygo and the Wnt-signaling components have no additional effect on heart function compared with pygo heterozygotes alone. These results are consistent with the idea that pygo functions independently of canonical Wnt signaling in the differentiation of the adult interchamber cardiac valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- The Center for Heart Development, Key Laboratory of MOE for Developmental Biology and Protein Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, People's Republic of China; Development and Aging Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037
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Taghli-Lamallem O, Jagla K, Chamberlain JS, Bodmer R. Mechanical and non-mechanical functions of Dystrophin can prevent cardiac abnormalities in Drosophila. Exp Gerontol 2013; 49:26-34. [PMID: 24231130 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dystrophin-deficiency causes cardiomyopathies and shortens the life expectancy of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy patients. Restoring Dystrophin expression in the heart by gene transfer is a promising avenue to explore as a therapy. Truncated Dystrophin gene constructs have been engineered and shown to alleviate dystrophic skeletal muscle disease, but their potential in preventing the development of cardiomyopathy is not fully understood. In the present study, we found that either the mechanical or the signaling functions of Dystrophin were able to reduce the dilated heart phenotype of Dystrophin mutants in a Drosophila model. Our data suggest that Dystrophin retains some function in fly cardiomyocytes in the absence of a predicted mechanical link to the cytoskeleton. Interestingly, cardiac-specific manipulation of nitric oxide synthase expression also modulates cardiac function, which can in part be reversed by loss of Dystrophin function, further implying a signaling role of Dystrophin in the heart. These findings suggest that the signaling functions of Dystrophin protein are able to ameliorate the dilated cardiomyopathy, and thus might help to improve heart muscle function in micro-Dystrophin-based gene therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouarda Taghli-Lamallem
- Development and Aging Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Rd, Building 7 Room 7125, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; GReD, INSERM U1103, CNRS UMR6293-Clermont University, Faculty of Medicine 28, Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Krzysztof Jagla
- GReD, INSERM U1103, CNRS UMR6293-Clermont University, Faculty of Medicine 28, Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jeffrey S Chamberlain
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Box 357720, Seattle, WA 98195-7720, USA
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development and Aging Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Rd, Building 7 Room 7125, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Tang M, Yuan W, Fan X, Liu M, Bodmer R, Ocorr K, Wu X. Pygopus maintains heart function in aging Drosophila independently of canonical Wnt signaling. CIRCULATION. CARDIOVASCULAR GENETICS 2013; 6:472-80. [PMID: 24046329 PMCID: PMC3871875 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart function declines with age, but the genetic factors underlying such deterioration are largely unknown. Wnt signaling is known to play a role in heart development, but it has not been shown to be important in adult heart function. We have investigated the nuclear adapter protein encoded by pygopus (pygo), which mediates canonical Wnt signaling, for roles in aging-related cardiac dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS Using the Drosophila heart model, we show that cardiac-specific pygo knockdown in adult flies causes a significant (4- to 5-fold) increase in cardiac arrhythmias (P<0.001) that worsened with age and caused a significant decrease in contractility (-54%; P<0.001) with systolic dysfunction. Immunohistochemistry revealed structural abnormalities that worsened with age, and both functional and morphological alterations were ameliorated by pygo overexpression. Unexpectedly, knockdown of 2 other Wnt signaling components, β-cat/armadillo or TCF/pangolin, had relatively milder effects on cardiac function. Double-heterozygous combinations of mutants for pygo and canonical Wnt signaling components had no additional effect on heart function over pygo heterozygotes alone. However, double knockdown of pygo and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II caused additional arrhythmia compared with pygo knockdown alone, suggesting that some of the effects of pygo are mediated by Ca2+ signaling. In the isoproterenol-induced hypertrophic mouse model, we show that Pygo1 protein levels are increased. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that Pygo plays a critical role in adult heart function that is Wnt signaling independent and is likely conserved in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- Development and Aging Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
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Xie HB, Cammarato A, Rajasekaran NS, Zhang H, Suggs JA, Lin HC, Bernstein SI, Benjamin IJ, Golic KG. The NADPH metabolic network regulates human αB-crystallin cardiomyopathy and reductive stress in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003544. [PMID: 23818860 PMCID: PMC3688542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dominant mutations in the alpha-B crystallin (CryAB) gene are responsible for a number of inherited human disorders, including cardiomyopathy, skeletal muscle myopathy, and cataracts. The cellular mechanisms of disease pathology for these disorders are not well understood. Among recent advances is that the disease state can be linked to a disturbance in the oxidation/reduction environment of the cell. In a mouse model, cardiomyopathy caused by the dominant CryAB(R120G) missense mutation was suppressed by mutation of the gene that encodes glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), one of the cell's primary sources of reducing equivalents in the form of NADPH. Here, we report the development of a Drosophila model for cellular dysfunction caused by this CryAB mutation. With this model, we confirmed the link between G6PD and mutant CryAB pathology by finding that reduction of G6PD expression suppressed the phenotype while overexpression enhanced it. Moreover, we find that expression of mutant CryAB in the Drosophila heart impaired cardiac function and increased heart tube dimensions, similar to the effects produced in mice and humans, and that reduction of G6PD ameliorated these effects. Finally, to determine whether CryAB pathology responds generally to NADPH levels we tested mutants or RNAi-mediated knockdowns of phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), and malic enzyme (MEN), the other major enzymatic sources of NADPH, and we found that all are capable of suppressing CryAB(R120G) pathology, confirming the link between NADP/H metabolism and CryAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng B. Xie
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Anthony Cammarato
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Namakkal S. Rajasekaran
- Division of Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Huali Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Suggs
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Ho-Chen Lin
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Sanford I. Bernstein
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Ivor J. Benjamin
- Division of Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail: (IJB); (KGG)
| | - Kent G. Golic
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail: (IJB); (KGG)
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Zhang Z, Hsieh B, Poe A, Anderson J, Ocorr K, Gibson G, Bodmer R. Complex genetic architecture of cardiac disease in a wild type inbred strain of Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62909. [PMID: 23638165 PMCID: PMC3639251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural populations of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, segregate genetic variation that leads to cardiac disease phenotypes. One nearly isogenic line from a North Carolina peach orchard, WE70, is shown to harbor two genetically distinct heart phenotypes: elevated incidence of arrhythmias, and a dramatically constricted heart diameter in both diastole and systole, with resemblance to restrictive cardiomyopathy in humans. Assuming the source to be rare variants of large effect, we performed Bulked Segregant Analysis using genomic DNA hybridization to Affymetrix chips to detect single feature polymorphisms, but found that the mutant phenotypes are more likely to have a polygenic basis. Further mapping efforts revealed a complex architecture wherein the constricted cardiomyopathy phenotype was observed in individual whole chromosome substitution lines, implying that variants on both major autosomes are sufficient to produce the phenotype. A panel of 170 Recombinant Inbred Lines (RIL) was generated, and a small subset of mutant lines selected, but these each complemented both whole chromosome substitutions, implying a non-additive (epistatic) contribution to the “disease” phenotype. Low coverage whole genome sequencing was also used to attempt to map chromosomal regions contributing to both the cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia, but a polygenic architecture had to be again inferred to be most likely. These results show that an apparently simple rare phenotype can have a complex genetic basis that would be refractory to mapping by deep sequencing in pedigrees. We present this as a cautionary tale regarding assumptions related to attempts to map new disease mutations on the assumption that probands carry a single causal mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhang
- Development and Aging Program, Neuroscience, Aging and Stem Cell Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Hsieh
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Amy Poe
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Julie Anderson
- Development and Aging Program, Neuroscience, Aging and Stem Cell Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Karen Ocorr
- Development and Aging Program, Neuroscience, Aging and Stem Cell Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Greg Gibson
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RB); (GG)
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development and Aging Program, Neuroscience, Aging and Stem Cell Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RB); (GG)
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Na J, Musselman LP, Pendse J, Baranski TJ, Bodmer R, Ocorr K, Cagan R. A Drosophila model of high sugar diet-induced cardiomyopathy. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003175. [PMID: 23326243 PMCID: PMC3542070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets high in carbohydrates have long been linked to progressive heart dysfunction, yet the mechanisms by which chronic high sugar leads to heart failure remain poorly understood. Here we combine diet, genetics, and physiology to establish an adult Drosophila melanogaster model of chronic high sugar-induced heart disease. We demonstrate deterioration of heart function accompanied by fibrosis-like collagen accumulation, insulin signaling defects, and fat accumulation. The result was a shorter life span that was more severe in the presence of reduced insulin and P38 signaling. We provide evidence of a role for hexosamine flux, a metabolic pathway accessed by glucose. Increased hexosamine flux led to heart function defects and structural damage; conversely, cardiac-specific reduction of pathway activity prevented sugar-induced heart dysfunction. Our data establish Drosophila as a useful system for exploring specific aspects of diet-induced heart dysfunction and emphasize enzymes within the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway as candidate therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Na
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Laura Palanker Musselman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jay Pendse
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Baranski
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development and Aging Program, NASCR Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Karen Ocorr
- Development and Aging Program, NASCR Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ross Cagan
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
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Liu Z, Huang X. Lipid metabolism in Drosophila: development and disease. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2013; 45:44-50. [PMID: 23257293 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gms105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids are three major components of the cell. Despite a few basic metabolic pathways, we know very little about lipids, compared with the explosion of knowledge about proteins and nucleic acids. How many different forms of lipids are there? What are the in vivo functions of individual lipid? How does lipid metabolism contribute to normal development and human health? Many of these questions remain unanswered. For over a century, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been used as a model organism to study basic biological questions. In recent years, increasing evidences proved that Drosophila models are highly valuable for lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis researches. Some recent progresses of lipid metabolic regulation during Drosophila development and in Drosophila models of human diseases will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Pantoja M, Fischer KA, Ieronimakis N, Reyes M, Ruohola-Baker H. Genetic elevation of sphingosine 1-phosphate suppresses dystrophic muscle phenotypes in Drosophila. Development 2012; 140:136-46. [PMID: 23154413 DOI: 10.1242/dev.087791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a lethal genetic disease characterized by the loss of muscle integrity and function over time. Using Drosophila, we show that dystrophic muscle phenotypes can be significantly suppressed by a reduction of wunen, a homolog of lipid phosphate phosphatase 3, which in higher animals can dephosphorylate a range of phospholipids. Our suppression analyses include assessing the localization of Projectin protein, a titin homolog, in sarcomeres as well as muscle morphology and functional movement assays. We hypothesize that wunen-based suppression is through the elevation of the bioactive lipid Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), which promotes cell proliferation and differentiation in many tissues, including muscle. We confirm the role of S1P in suppression by genetically altering S1P levels via reduction of S1P lyase (Sply) and by upregulating the serine palmitoyl-CoA transferase catalytic subunit gene lace, the first gene in the de novo sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway and find that these manipulations also reduce muscle degeneration. Furthermore, we show that reduction of spinster (which encodes a major facilitator family transporter, homologs of which in higher animals have been shown to transport S1P) can also suppress dystrophic muscle degeneration. Finally, administration to adult flies of pharmacological agents reported to elevate S1P signaling significantly suppresses dystrophic muscle phenotypes. Our data suggest that localized intracellular S1P elevation promotes the suppression of muscle wasting in flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Pantoja
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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