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Filho FC, Silva JDP, Petri C, Almendra JSL, de Sousa ÍA, Cavalcanti SMG, Silva BA, Formiga Melo MF, Cavalcanti PMDS. Pharmacological evidence that GABA-induced relaxation of rat proximal duodenum longitudinal muscle depends on NKCC cotransporter activity and Ca 2+ influx. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:728-740. [PMID: 35880679 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in adult central nervous system (CNS) synapses, but it excites immature CNS neurons as well as neurons in the myenteric plexus. The present work aimed to determine whether GABA-induced nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) neuronal-mediated relaxation of the rat duodenum is dependent on the activity of Na+ K+ Cl- cotransporters (NKCC) and requires calcium influx. In the presence of guanethidine (3 µmol/L), atropine (3 µmol/L), and indomethacin (1 µmol/L), relaxations induced by GABA (100 µmol/L), KCl (5-10 mmol/L) and electrical field stimulation (1-8 Hz, 2 ms, 60 V), but not those induced by bradykinin (10-100 nmol/L) were abolished by lidocaine (300 µmol/L). However, only GABA-induced relaxations were reduced in a concentration-dependent manner by the NKCC1/2 inhibitors bumetanide (0.1-1 µmol/L) and furosemide (1-10 µmol/L). GABA-induced NANC neuronal relaxation was abolished by bicuculline (30 µmol/L) and inhibited by N-nitroarginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 300 µmol/L). The ω-conotoxin GVIA (1 µmol/L), which acts exclusively on neuronal CaV2 channels, but not on smooth muscle voltage-gated Ca2+ CaV1 channels, and nonselective blockers of these channels (verapamil 100 nmol/L and ruthenium red 10 µmol/L), reduced GABA-induced relaxations. These results showed that the activation of GABAA receptors induces NANC nitrergic neuronal relaxations in the rat duodenum, which depend on NKCC activity and CaV2 channel activation, suggesting that this phenomenon results from neuronal depolarization promoted by Cl- efflux through GABAA receptors, with subsequent Ca2+ influx and nitric oxide release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Chagas Filho
- Biophysics and Physiology Department, 64049-550, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Janyerson Dannys Pereira Silva
- Biophysics and Physiology Department, 64049-550, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Caio Petri
- Biophysics and Physiology Department, 64049-550, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - João Santos Lima Almendra
- Biophysics and Physiology Department, 64049-550, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Ícaro Araújo de Sousa
- Biophysics and Physiology Department, 64049-550, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Bagnólia A Silva
- Pharmacological Sciences Department, 58051-900, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Margareth Fátima Formiga Melo
- Pharmacological Sciences Department, 58051-900, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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Assis DM, Juliano L, Paschoalin T, Kouyoumdjian M, Calixto JB, Santos RAS, Pertinhez TA, Gauthier F, Moreau T, Blaber M, Juliano MA. Pharmacological Activities and Hydrolysis by Peptidases of [Phospho-Ser(6)]-Bradykinin (pS(6)-BK). Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 97:203-14. [PMID: 26235942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylated kininogen and some of its fragments containing serine phosphorylated bradykinin ([pS(6)]-Bk) were identified in human serum and plasma by a phosphoproteomic approach. We report the kininogenase ability of human tissue and plasma kallikreins and tryptase to generate [pS(6)]-Bk or Lys-[pS(6)]-Bk having as substrate the synthetic human kininogen fluorescent fragment Abz-MISLMKRPPGF[pS(386)]PFRSSRI-NH2. The pharmacological assays of [pS(6)]-Bk showed it as a full B2 bradykinin receptor agonist in smooth muscle, it produces a portal liver hypertensive response in rat and mouse paw edema that lasts longer than Bk. The rat hypotensive response to infusions of Bk is greater than that of [pS(6)]Bk, both if injected through femoral vein or aorta. [pS(6)]-Bk was more resistant than Bk to kininase digestion performed with angiotensin converting enzyme, neprilysin, thimet oligopeptidase, aminopeptidase P and carboxypeptidase M. (1)H-NMR experiments indicated that [pS(6)]-Bk has lower flexibility, with the pS(6)-P(7) bond restricted to the trans conformation, and can explain [pS(6)]-Bk resistance to hydrolysis. In conclusion, [pS(6)]-Bk presenting lower activity than Bk, with longer lasting effects and being slowly released by kininogenases from synthetic Abz-MISLMKRPPGF[pS(386)]PFRSSRI-NH2, suggests that phosphorylation of the kininogens can be an efficient kallikrein-kinin system regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego M Assis
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Juliano
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
| | - Thaysa Paschoalin
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Kouyoumdjian
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Medicine, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Joao B Calixto
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
| | - Robson A S Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
| | - Thelma A Pertinhez
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | | | - Michael Blaber
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Maria A Juliano
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
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Würner L, Diener M. Receptors and mechanisms mediating the biphasic response evoked by bradykinin in rat colonic smooth muscle. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 25:e581-90. [PMID: 23742018 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In rat duodenum, bradykinin induces a relaxation followed by a contraction. Different types of ion channels and receptors as well as non-muscle cells have been suggested to be involved in this response. As it is unclear whether these changes are observed also in rat large intestine and the mechanisms which might underlie this response, the effect of bradykinin on rat colonic motility was tested. METHODS Isometric contractions were measured on full-thickness preparations or preparations, from which individual layers had been dissected. The expression of bradykinin receptors was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Isolated intestinal muscle cells were investigated with Ca(2+) -imaging techniques. KEY RESULTS Bradykinin caused a biphasic contractile response (initial relaxation followed by contraction) in rat colon, which was resistant against tetrodotoxin. The kinin-induced relaxation was inhibited by tetrapentylammonium chloride, a blocker of Ca(2+) -activated K(+) channels. Des-arg(9) -bradykinin did not induce any effect on the native colon, although after 5 h in vitro preincubation, a contractile response was evoked by this B1 receptor agonist. The consecutive ablation of adherent layers of the intestinal wall strongly reduced the response to bradykinin in comparison with a control stimulus, i.e., carbachol, suggesting a contribution of non-muscle cells in the mediation of this response. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Bradykinin induced a biphasic change in contractility in the rat colon. In the native intestine, only the B2 receptor is involved in this effect. Neighboring cell obviously sensitize the smooth muscle to the stimulation of these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Würner
- Institute for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Choi S, Park DY, Yeum CH, Chang IY, You HJ, Park CG, Kim MY, Kong ID, So I, Kim KW, Jun JY. Bradykinin modulates pacemaker currents through bradykinin B2 receptors in cultured interstitial cells of Cajal from the murine small intestine. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 148:918-26. [PMID: 16783409 PMCID: PMC1751925 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the modulation of pacemaker activities by bradykinin in cultured interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) from murine small intestine with the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Externally applied bradykinin produced membrane depolarization in the current-clamp mode and increased tonic inward pacemaker currents in the voltage-clamp mode. Pretreatment with bradykinin B1 antagonist did not block the bradykinin-induced effects on pacemaker currents. However, pretreatment with bradykinin B2 antagonist selectively blocked the bradykinin-induced effects. Also, only externally applied selective bradykinin B2 receptor agonist produced tonic inward pacemaker currents and ICC revealed a colocalization of the bradykinin B2 receptor and c-kit immunoreactivities, but bradykinin B1 receptors did not localize in ICC. External Na(+)-free solution abolished the generation of pacemaker currents and inhibited the bradykinin-induced tonic inward current. However, a Cl(-) channel blocker (DIDS) did not block the bradykinin-induced tonic inward current. The pretreatment with Ca(2+)-free solution and thapsigargin, a Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor in endoplasmic reticulum, abolished the generation of pacemaker currents and suppressed the bradykinin-induced action. Chelerythrine and calphostin C, protein kinase C inhibitors or naproxen, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, did not block the bradykinin-induced effects on pacemaker currents. These results suggest that bradykinin modulates the pacemaker activities through bradykinin B2 receptor activation in ICC by external Ca(2+) influx and internal Ca(2+) release via protein kinase C- or cyclooxygenase-independent mechanism. Therefore, the ICC are targets for bradykinin and their interaction can affect intestinal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Do Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Cheol Ho Yeum
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - In Youb Chang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Ho Jin You
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Chan Guk Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Man Yoo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - In Deok Kong
- Department Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-701, Korea
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Ki Whan Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Jae Yeoul Jun
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
- Author for correspondence:
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Ewert S, Johansson B, Holm M, Helander HF, Fandriks L. The bradykinin BK2 receptor mediates angiotensin II receptor type 2 stimulated rat duodenal mucosal alkaline secretion. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 3:1. [PMID: 12597777 PMCID: PMC152638 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6793-3-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2002] [Accepted: 02/22/2003] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates bradykinin and nitric oxide as potential mediators of AT2-receptor-stimulated duodenal mucosal alkaline secretion. Duodenal mucosal alkaline secretion was measured in methohexital- and alpha-chloralose-anaesthetised rats by means of in situ pH-stat titration. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to identify the BK2 receptors. RESULTS The AT2 receptor agonist CGP42112A (0.1 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) administered intravenously increased the duodenal mucosal alkaline secretion by approximately 50 %. This increase was sensitive to the selective BK2 receptor blocker HOE140 (100 ng/kg i.v.), but not to luminal administration of the NOS blocker L-NAME (0.3 mM). Mean arterial pressure did not differ between groups during the procedures. Immunohistochemistry showed a distinct staining of the crypt epithelium and a moderate staining of basal cytoplasm in villus enterocytes. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the AT2-receptor-stimulated alkaline secretion is mediated via BK2 receptors located in the duodenal cryptal mucosal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ewert
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, Goteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Berndt Johansson
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, Goteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mathias Holm
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, Goteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Herbert F Helander
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, Goteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Fandriks
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, Goteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Pesquero JB, Bader M. Molecular biology of the kallikrein-kinin system: from structure to function. Braz J Med Biol Res 1998; 31:1197-203. [PMID: 9876287 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x1998000900013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The participation of the kallikrein-kinin system, comprising the serine proteases kallikreins, the protein substrates kininogens and the effective peptides kinins, in some pathological processes like hypertension and cardiovascular diseases is still a matter of controversy. The use of different experimental set-ups in concert with the development of potent and specific inhibitors and antagonists for the system has highlighted its importance but the results still lack conclusivity. Over the last few years, transgenic and gene-targeting technologies associated with molecular biology tools have provided specific information about the elusive role of the kallikrein-kinin system in the control of blood pressure and electrolyte homeostasis. cDNA and genomic sequences for kinin receptors B2 and B1 from different species were isolated and shown to encode G-protein-coupled receptors and the structure and pharmacology of the receptors were characterized. Transgenic animals expressing an overactive kallikrein-kinin system were established to study the cardiovascular effects of these alterations and the results of these investigations further corroborate the importance of this system in the maintenance of normal blood pressure. Knockout animals for B2 and B1 receptors are available and their analysis also points to the role of these receptors in cardiovascular regulation and inflammatory processes. In this paper the most recent and relevant genetic animal models developed for the study of the kallikrein-kinin system are reviewed, and the advances they brought to the understanding of the biological role of this system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Pesquero
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil.
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Abstract
The kinin B1 receptor has been initially defined as the one mediating the contractile effect of bradykinin (BK)-related peptides in the isolated rabbit aorta. The B1 receptor is selectively sensitive to kinin metabolites without the C-terminal arginine residue, e.g. des-Arg9-BK and Lys-des-Arg9-BK; it is apparently rapidly up-regulated in immunopathology under the influence of cytokines and is further regulated by growth factors. Progress in the understanding of this pharmacologic entity is reviewed, including the development of B1 receptor agonists and antagonists, binding assays, physiopathological applications and the recent cloning and sequencing of the receptor cDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Marceau
- Centre de Recherche, l'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Canada
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Silva EG, Frediani-Neto E, Ferreira AT, Paiva AC, Paiva TB. Role of Ca(+)-dependent K-channels in the membrane potential and contractility of aorta from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Br J Pharmacol 1994; 113:1022-8. [PMID: 7858844 PMCID: PMC1510461 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1994.tb17095.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Contractile responses to KCl and membrane potentials were determined in aortic rings from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), normotensive Wistar rats (NWR) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) both in the absence and in the presence of the Ca(2+)-dependent K-channel blockers, apamin and tetraethylammonium (TEA). 2. Compared to NWR, aortic rings from WKY and SHR were less reactive and their Ca2+ uptake after stimulation with K+ was decreased. 3. Smooth muscle cell membrane potentials were higher in aortae from SHR and WKY than in NWR aortae, whereas SHR had higher K+ and lower Na+ intracellular activities than WKY and NWR, suggesting overactivity of the Na+/K+ pump in the hypertensive animals. 4. Treatment with apamin caused depolarization of WKY and SHR aortae, and increased their contractile responses to the same level as those of the NWR. Treatment with TEA also caused depolarization of aortae from WKY and SHR, but in the SHR the depolarization induced by TEA was smaller than that produced by apamin and the contractile responses to KCl did not reach the level of those of aortae from NWR. 5. It is concluded that overactivity of Ca(2+)-dependent K-channels in aortae of WKY and SHR contributes to their higher membrane potentials and lower responsiveness to vasoconstrictor stimuli. In SHR, an overactive Na+/K+ pump is also present, and the contribution of apamin-sensitive Ca(2+)-dependent K-channels to the membrane potential and reactivity appears to be more relevant than that of TEA-sensitive channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Silva
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
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