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Gambino G, Giglia G, Gallo D, Scordino M, Giardina C, Zuccarini M, Di Iorio P, Giuliani P, Ciruela F, Ferraro G, Mudò G, Sardo P, Di Liberto V. Guanosine modulates K + membrane currents in SH-SY5Y cells: involvement of adenosine receptors. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:1133-1145. [PMID: 36048287 PMCID: PMC9560947 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02741-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Guanosine (GUO), widely considered a key signaling mediator, is implicated in the regulation of several cellular processes. While its interaction with neural membranes has been described, GUO still is an orphan neuromodulator. It has been postulated that GUO may eventually interact with potassium channels and adenosine (ADO) receptors (ARs), both particularly important for the control of cellular excitability. Accordingly, here, we investigated the effects of GUO on the bioelectric activity of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. We first explored the contribution of voltage-dependent K+ channels and, besides this, the role of ARs in the regulation of GUO-dependent cellular electrophysiology. Our data support that GUO is able to specifically modulate K+-dependent outward currents over cell membranes. Importantly, administering ADO along with GUO potentiates its effects. Overall, these results suggested that K+ outward membrane channels may be targeted by GUO with an implication of ADO receptors in SH-SY5Y cells, but also support the hypothesis of a functional interaction of the two ligands. The present research runs through the leitmotif of the deorphanization of GUO, adding insight on the interplay with adenosinergic signaling and suggesting GUO as a powerful modulator of SH-SY5Y excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Gambino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Giglia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Gallo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Miriana Scordino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Costanza Giardina
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Sardo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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Ozgun A, Erkoc-Biradlı FZ, Bulut O, Garipcan B. Substrate stiffness effects on SH-SY5Y: The dichotomy of morphology and neuronal behavior. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:92-101. [PMID: 32627383 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Like many other cell types, neuroblastoma cells are also known to respond to mechanical cues in their microenvironment in vitro. They were shown to have mechanotransduction pathways, which result in enhanced neuronal morphology on stiff substrates. However, in previous studies, the differentiation process was monitored only by morphological parameters. Motivated by the lack of comprehensive studies that investigate the effects of mechanical cues on neuroblastoma differentiation, we used SH-SY5Y cells differentiated on polyacrylamide (PA) gels as a model. Cells differentiated on the surface of PA hydrogels with three different elastic moduli (0.1, 1, and 50 kPa) were morphologically evaluated and their electrophysiological responsiveness was probed using calcium imaging. Immunodetection of neural marker TUJ1 and p-FAK was used for biochemical characterization. Groups with defined stiffness that are matching and nonmatching to neural tissue extracellular matrix were used to distinguish biomimetic results from other effects. Results show that while cells display morphologies that do not resemble neurons on soft substrates, they are in fact electrophysiologically more responsive and abundant in neuronal marker TUJ1. Our findings suggest that while neuronal differentiation occurs more efficiently in microenvironments mechanically mimicking neural tissue, the SH-SY5Y model demonstrates morphologies that conflict with neuronal behavior under these conditions. These results are expected to contribute considerable input to researchers that use SH-SY5Y as a neuron model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alp Ozgun
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Osman Bulut
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bora Garipcan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Harasym E, McAndrew N, Gomez G. Sub-micromolar concentrations of retinoic acid induce morphological and functional neuronal phenotypes in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2017; 53:798-809. [PMID: 28840512 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-017-0190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma cells are neural crest derivatives that can differentiate into neuron-like cells in response to exogenous agents, and are known to be particularly sensitive to retinoic acid. The spectrum of neuroblastoma responses, ranging from proliferation, migration, differentiation, or apoptosis, is difficult to predict due to the heterogeneity of these tumors and to the broad effective range of retinoic acid. Our study focused on the effects of nanomolar concentrations of retinoic acid on neuroblastoma differentiation in two cell lines cells: SK-N-SH (HTB-11) and IMR-32. Each cell line was treated with retinoic acid from 1 to 100 nM for up to 6 d. Morphological changes were quantified; immunocytochemistry was used to observe changes in neuronal protein expression and localization, while live-cell calcium imaging utilizing pharmacological agents was conducted to identify neuron-like activity. Retinoic acid-treated HTB-11 but not IMR-32 cells developed specific neuronal phenotypes: acquisition of long neurite-like processes, expression of neurofilament-200, increased responsiveness to acetylcholine, and decreased responsiveness to nicotine and epinephrine. In addition, nanomolar levels of retinoic acid elicited increased nuclear trafficking of the CRABP2, which is traditionally associated with gene expression of cellular pathways related to neuronal differentiation. Collectively, these results show that nanomolar concentrations of retinoic acid are capable of inducing both structural and functional neuron-like features in HTB-11 cells using CRABP2, suggesting differentiation in neuroblastoma cells into neuronal phenotypes. These have important implications for both chemotherapeutic design and for the use of neuroblastomas as in vitro models for neuron differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Harasym
- Biology Department, University of Scranton, LSC 395, 204 Monroe Ave., 800 Linden Street, Scranton, PA, 18510, USA
| | - Nicole McAndrew
- Biology Department, University of Scranton, LSC 395, 204 Monroe Ave., 800 Linden Street, Scranton, PA, 18510, USA
| | - George Gomez
- Biology Department, University of Scranton, LSC 395, 204 Monroe Ave., 800 Linden Street, Scranton, PA, 18510, USA.
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D'Onofrio S, Mahaffey S, Garcia-Rill E. Role of calcium channels in bipolar disorder. CURRENT PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 6:122-135. [PMID: 29354402 PMCID: PMC5771645 DOI: 10.2174/2211556006666171024141949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is characterized by a host of sleep-wake abnormalities that suggests that the reticular activating system (RAS) is involved in these symptoms. One of the signs of the disease is a decrease in high frequency gamma band activity, which accounts for a number of additional deficits. Bipolar disorder has also been found to overexpress neuronal calcium sensor protein 1 (NCS-1). Recent studies showed that elements in the RAS generate gamma band activity that is mediated by high threshold calcium (Ca2+) channels. This mini-review provides a description of recent findings on the role of Ca2+ and Ca2+ channels in bipolar disorder, emphasizing the involvement of arousal-related systems in the manifestation of many of the disease symptoms. This will hopefully bring attention to a much-needed area of research and provide novel avenues for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stasia D'Onofrio
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Susan Mahaffey
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Edgar Garcia-Rill
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
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D'Onofrio S, Kezunovic N, Hyde JR, Luster B, Messias E, Urbano FJ, Garcia-Rill E. Modulation of gamma oscillations in the pedunculopontine nucleus by neuronal calcium sensor protein-1: relevance to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. J Neurophysiol 2014; 113:709-19. [PMID: 25376789 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00828.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced levels of gamma-band activity are present in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients. In the same disorders, increased neuronal calcium sensor protein-1 (NCS-1) expression was reported in a series of postmortem studies. These disorders are also characterized by sleep dysregulation, suggesting a role for the reticular activating system (RAS). The discovery of gamma-band activity in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), the cholinergic arm of the RAS, revealed that such activity was mediated by high-threshold calcium channels that are regulated by NCS-1. We hypothesized that NCS-1 normally regulates gamma-band oscillations through these calcium channels and that excessive levels of NCS-1, such as would be expected with overexpression, decrease gamma-band activity. We found that PPN neurons in rat brain slices manifested gamma-band oscillations that were increased by low levels of NCS-1 but suppressed by high levels of NCS-1. Our results suggest that NCS-1 overexpression may be responsible for the decrease in gamma-band activity present in at least some schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stasia D'Onofrio
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Departments of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and
| | - Nebojsa Kezunovic
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Departments of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and
| | - James R Hyde
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Departments of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and
| | - Brennon Luster
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Departments of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and
| | - Erick Messias
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Departments of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and
| | - Francisco J Urbano
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edgar Garcia-Rill
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Departments of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and
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Olianas MC, Dedoni S, Onali P. Involvement of store-operated Ca(2+) entry in activation of AMP-activated protein kinase and stimulation of glucose uptake by M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in human neuroblastoma cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:3004-17. [PMID: 25242372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Gq/11-coupled muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) belonging to M1, M3 and M5 subtypes have been shown to activate the metabolic sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) through Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-β (CaMKKβ)-mediated phosphorylation at Thr172. However, the source of Ca(2+) required for this response has not been yet elucidated. Here, we investigated the involvement of store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) in AMPK activation by pharmacologically defined M3 mAChRs in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. In Ca(2+)-free medium the cholinergic agonist carbachol (CCh) caused a transient increase of phospho-Thr172 AMPK that rapidly ceased within 2min. Conversely, in the presence of extracellular Ca(2+) CCh-induced AMPK phosphorylation lasted for at least 180min. The SOCE modulator 2-aminoethoxydiphephenyl borate (2-APB), at a concentration (50μM) that suppressed CCh-induced intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i) plateau, inhibited CCh-induced AMPK phosphorylation. CCh triggered the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) sensor stromal interaction molecule (STIM) 1, as indicated by redistribution of STIM1 immunofluorescence into puncta, and promoted the association of STIM1 with the SOCE channel component Orai1. Cell depletion of STIM1 by siRNA treatment reduced both CCh-induced [Ca(2+)]i plateau and AMPK activation. M3 mAChRs increased glucose uptake and this response required extracellular Ca(2+) and was inhibited by 2-APB, STIM1 knockdown, CaMKKβ and AMPK inhibitors, and adenovirus infection with dominant negative AMPK. Thus, the study provides evidence that SOCE is required for sustained activation of AMPK and stimulation of downstream glucose uptake by M3 mAChRs and suggests that SOCE is a critical process connecting M3 mAChRs to the control of neuronal energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Olianas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Simona Dedoni
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Onali
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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Capone R, Quiroz FG, Prangkio P, Saluja I, Sauer AM, Bautista MR, Turner RS, Yang J, Mayer M. Amyloid-beta-induced ion flux in artificial lipid bilayers and neuronal cells: resolving a controversy. Neurotox Res 2009; 16:1-13. [PMID: 19526294 PMCID: PMC2864106 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-009-9033-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the pathogenicity of amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides constitutes a major goal in research on Alzheimer's disease (AD). One hypothesis entails that Abeta peptides induce uncontrolled, neurotoxic ion flux through cellular membranes. The exact biophysical mechanism of this ion flux is, however, a subject of an ongoing controversy which has attenuated progress toward understanding the importance of Abeta-induced ion flux in AD. The work presented here addresses two prevalent controversies regarding the nature of transmembrane ion flux induced by Alphabeta peptides. First, the results clarify that Alphabeta can induce stepwise ion flux across planar lipid bilayers as opposed to a gradual increase in transmembrane current; they show that the previously reported gradual thinning of membranes with concomitant increase in transmembrane current arises from residues of the solvent hexafluoroisopropanol, which is commonly used for the preparation of amyloid samples. Second, the results provide additional evidence suggesting that Abeta peptides can induce ion channel-like ion flux in cellular membranes that is independent from the postulated ability of Alphabeta to modulate intrinsic cellular ion channels or transporter proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Capone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2110, USA
| | - Felipe Garcia Quiroz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2110, USA
| | - Panchika Prangkio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2110, USA
| | | | - Anna M. Sauer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2110, USA
| | - Mahealani R. Bautista
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0358, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
| | | | - Jerry Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0358, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
| | - Michael Mayer
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2110, USA
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Perez-Castro R, Patel S, Garavito-Aguilar ZV, Rosenberg A, Recio-Pinto E, Zhang J, Blanck TJJ, Xu F. Cytotoxicity of local anesthetics in human neuronal cells. Anesth Analg 2009; 108:997-1007. [PMID: 19224816 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31819385e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to inhibiting the excitation conduction process in peripheral nerves, local anesthetics (LAs) cause toxic effects on the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, neuromuscular junction, and cell metabolism. Different postoperative neurological complications are ascribed to the cytotoxicity of LAs, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Because the clinical concentrations of LAs far exceed their EC(50) for inhibiting ion channel activity, ion channel block alone might not be sufficient to explain LA-induced cell death. However, it may contribute to cell death in combination with other actions. In this study, we compared the cytotoxicity of six frequently used LAs and will discuss the possible mechanism(s) underlying their toxicity. METHODS In human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, viability upon exposure to six LAs (bupivacaine, ropivacaine, mepivacaine, lidocaine, procaine, and chloroprocaine) was quantitatively determined by the MTT-(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetra-odium bromide) colorimetry assay and qualitatively confirmed by fluorescence imaging, using the LIVE/DEAD assay reagents (calcein/AM and ethidium homodimer-1). In addition, apoptotic activity was assessed by measuring the activation of caspase-3/-7 by imaging using a fluorescent caspase inhibitor (FLICA). Furthermore, LA effects on depolarization- and carbachol-stimulated intracellular Ca(2+)-responses were also evaluated. RESULTS 1) After a 10-min treatment, all six LAs decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent fashion. Their killing potency was procaine < or = mepivacaine < lidocaine < chloroprocaine < ropivacaine < bupivacaine (based on LD(50), the concentration at which 50% of cells were dead). Among these six LAs, only bupivacaine and lidocaine killed all cells with increasing concentration. 2) Both bupivacaine and lidocaine activated caspase-3/-7. Caspase activation required higher levels of lidocaine than bupivacaine. Moreover, the caspase activation by bupivacaine was slower than by lidocaine. Lidocaine at high concentrations caused an immediate caspase activation, but did not cause significant caspase activation at concentrations lower than 10 mM. 3) Procaine and chloroprocaine concentration-dependently inhibited the cytosolic Ca(2+)-response evoked by depolarization or receptor-activation in a similar manner as a previous observation made with bupivacaine, ropivacaine, mepivacaine, and lidocaine. None of the LAs caused a significant increase in the basal and Ca(2+)-evoked cytosolic Ca(2+)-level. CONCLUSION LAs can cause rapid cell death, which is primarily due to necrosis. Lidocaine and bupivacaine can trigger apoptosis with either increased time of exposure or increased concentration. These effects might be related to postoperative neurologic injury. Lidocaine, linked to the highest incidence of transient neurological symptoms, was not the most toxic LA, whereas bupivacaine, a drug causing a very low incidence of transient neurological symptoms, was the most toxic LA in our cell model. This suggests that cytotoxicity-induced nerve injury might have different mechanisms for different LAs and different target(s) other than neurons.
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Wu ZZ, Zhao YP, Kisaalita WS. A packed Cytodex microbead array for three-dimensional cell-based biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 22:685-93. [PMID: 16540306 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2005] [Revised: 02/02/2006] [Accepted: 02/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A packed Cytodex 3 microbead array was fabricated as a simple three-dimensional (3-D) cell-based biosensing format. Resting membrane potentials and voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) function of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells cultured on the microbead array versus collagen-coated flat (2-D) substrates were evaluated by confocal microscopy with a potentiometric dye, tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester, and a calcium fluorescent indicator, Calcium Green-1. SH-SY5Y cells, differentiated with 1mM dibutyryl cAMP and 2.5 microM 5-bromodeoxyuridine, showed significant resting membrane potential establishment on the topographical scaffolds in a period of 13 days into differentiation, in contrast to the previously reported insignificant resting membrane potential establishment of the same cells within collagen hydrogels. On days 2, 8 and 13 into differentiation, cells on collagen-coated flat substrates developed resting membrane potentials of -6.0+/-19.5 mV (n=198), -30.5+/-19.9 mV (n=191) and -21.7+/-18.9 mV (n=308), in contrast to values for cells on 3-D scaffolds of -25.8+/-14.7 mV (n=112), -37.6+/-13.1 mV (n=120) and -28.7+/-12.2 mV (n=158), respectively. The development of VGCC function, as measured by percentage of cells responsive to 50 mM high K(+) depolarization, was significantly slower for cells on 3-D scaffolds (20.0% on day 13 into differentiation) than for cells on 2-D substrates (30.7% on day 8 into differentiation). The exaggerated 2-D cell calcium dynamics, in comparison with those of 3-D cells, is consistent with previous 2-D/3-D comparative studies. This study established the rationale and feasibility of the microbead array format for 3-D cell-based biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-Z Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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10
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Billups D, Billups B, Challiss RAJ, Nahorski SR. Modulation of Gq-protein-coupled inositol trisphosphate and Ca2+ signaling by the membrane potential. J Neurosci 2006; 26:9983-95. [PMID: 17005862 PMCID: PMC2266565 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2773-06.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gq-protein-coupled receptors (GqPCRs) are widely distributed in the CNS and play fundamental roles in a variety of neuronal processes. Their activation results in phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) hydrolysis and Ca2+ release from intracellular stores via the phospholipase C (PLC)-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) signaling pathway. Because early GqPCR signaling events occur at the plasma membrane of neurons, they might be influenced by changes in membrane potential. In this study, we use combined patch-clamp and imaging methods to investigate whether membrane potential changes can modulate GqPCR signaling in neurons. Our results demonstrate that GqPCR signaling in the human neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y and in rat cerebellar granule neurons is directly sensitive to changes in membrane potential, even in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. Depolarization has a bidirectional effect on GqPCR signaling, potentiating thapsigargin-sensitive Ca2+ responses to muscarinic receptor activation but attenuating those mediated by bradykinin receptors. The depolarization-evoked potentiation of the muscarinic signaling is graded, bipolar, non-inactivating, and with no apparent upper limit, ruling out traditional voltage-gated ion channels as the primary voltage sensors. Flash photolysis of caged IP3/GPIP2 (glycerophosphoryl-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate) places the voltage sensor before the level of the Ca2+ store, and measurements using the fluorescent bioprobe eGFP-PH(PLCdelta) (enhanced green fluorescent protein-pleckstrin homology domain-PLCdelta) directly demonstrate that voltage affects muscarinic signaling at the level of the IP3 production pathway. The sensitivity of GqPCR IP3 signaling in neurons to voltage itself may represent a fundamental mechanism by which ionotropic signals can shape metabotropic receptor activity in neurons and influence processes such as synaptic plasticity in which the detection of coincident signals is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Billups
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom.
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11
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Akerman KEO, Shariatmadari R, Krjukova J, Larsson KP, Courtney MJ, Kukkonen JP. Ca2+-dependent potentiation of muscarinic receptor-mediated Ca2+ elevation. Cell Calcium 2005; 36:397-408. [PMID: 15451623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2004.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2004] [Revised: 02/18/2004] [Accepted: 03/25/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Muscarinic receptor-mediated increases in Ca(2+) in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells consist of an initial fast and transient phase followed by a sustained phase. Activation of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels prior to muscarinic stimulation resulted in a several-fold potentiation of the fast phase. Unlike the muscarinic response under control conditions, this potentiated elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) was to a large extent dependent on extracellular Ca(2+). In potentiated cells, muscarinic stimulation also activated a rapid Mn(2+) entry. By using known organic and inorganic blockers of cation channels, this influx pathway was easily separated from the known Ca(2+) influx pathways, the store-operated pathway and the voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels. In addition to the Ca(2+) influx, both IP(3) production and Ca(2+) release were also enhanced during the potentiated response. The results suggest that a small increase in intracellular Ca(2+) amplifies the muscarinic Ca(2+) response at several stages, most notably by unravelling an apparently novel receptor-activated influx pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl E O Akerman
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, Uppsala University, BMC, P.O. Box 572, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Taglialatela M, Secondo A, Fresi A, Rosati B, Pannaccione A, Castaldo P, Giorgio G, Wanke E, Annunziato L. Inhibition of depolarization-induced [3H]noradrenaline release from SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells by some second-generation H(1) receptor antagonists through blockade of store-operated Ca(2+) channels (SOCs). Biochem Pharmacol 2001; 62:1229-38. [PMID: 11705456 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(01)00754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of the blockade of membrane calcium channels activated by intracellular Ca(2+) store depletion on basal and depolarization-induced [3H]norepinephrine ([3H]NE) release from SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells was examined. The second-generation H(1) receptor blockers astemizole, terfenadine, and loratadine, as well as the first-generation compound hydroxyzine, inhibited [3H]NE release induced by high extracellular K(+) concentration ([K(+)](e)) depolarization in a concentration-dependent manner (the IC(50)s were 2.3, 1.7, 4.8, and 9.4 microM, respectively). In contrast, the more hydrophilic second-generation H(1) receptor blocker cetirizine was completely ineffective (0.1-30 microM). The inhibition of high [K(+)](e)-induced [3H]NE release by H(1) receptor blockers seems to be related to their ability to inhibit Ca(2+) channels activated by Ca(i)(2+) store depletion (SOCs). In fact, astemizole, terfenadine, loratadine, and hydroxyzine, but not cetirizine, displayed a dose-dependent inhibitory action on the increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)](i)) obtained with extracellular Ca(2+) reintroduction after Ca(i)(2+) store depletion with thapsigargin (1 microM), an inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) pump. The rank order of potency for SOC inhibition by these compounds closely correlated with their inhibitory properties on depolarization-induced [3H]NE release from SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Nimodipine (1 microM) plus omega-conotoxin (100 nM) did not interfere with the present model for SOC activation. In addition, the inhibition of depolarization-induced [3H]NE release does not seem to be attributable to the blockade of the K(+) currents carried by the K(+) channels encoded by the human Ether-a-Gogo Related Gene (I(HERG)) by these antihistamines. In fact, whole-cell voltage-clamp experiments revealed that the IC(50) for astemizole-induced hERG blockade is about 300-fold lower than that for the inhibition of high K(+)-induced [3H]NE release. Furthermore, current-clamp experiments in SH-SY5Y cells showed that concentrations of astemizole (3 microM) which were effective in preventing depolarization-induced [3H]NE release were unable to interfere with the cell membrane potential under depolarizing conditions (100 mM [K(+)](e)), suggesting that hERG K(+) channels do not contribute to membrane potential control during exposure to elevated [K(+)](e). Collectively, the results of the present study suggest that, in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, the inhibition of SOCs by some second-generation antihistamines can prevent depolarization-induced neurotransmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Taglialatela
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, Via S. Pansini 5, I-80131, Naples, Italy.
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13
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Yeo A, Samways DS, Fowler CE, Gunn-Moore F, Henderson G. Coincident signalling between the Gi/Go-coupled delta-opioid receptor and the Gq-coupled m3 muscarinic receptor at the level of intracellular free calcium in SH-SY5Y cells. J Neurochem 2001; 76:1688-700. [PMID: 11259487 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In SH-SY5Y cells, activation of delta-opioid receptors with [D-Pen(2,5)]-enkephalin (DPDPE; 1 microM) did not alter the intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration [Ca(2+)](i). However, when DPDPE was applied during concomitant Gq-coupled m3 muscarinic receptor stimulation by carbachol or oxotremorine-M, it produced an elevation of [Ca(2+)](i). The DPDPE-evoked increase in [Ca(2+)](i) was abolished when the carbachol-sensitive intracellular Ca(2+) store was emptied. There was a marked difference between the concentration-response relationship for the elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) by carbachol (EC(50) 13 microM, Hill slope 1) and the concentration-response relationship for carbachol's permissive action in revealing the delta-opioid receptor-mediated elevation of [Ca(2+)] (EC(50) 0.7 mM; Hill slope 1.8). Sequestration of free G protein beta gamma dimers by transient transfection of cells with a beta gamma binding protein (residues 495-689 of the C terminal tail of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2) reduced the ability of delta opioid receptor activation to elevate [Ca(2+)](i). However, DPDPE did not elevate either basal or oxotremorine-M-evoked inositol phosphate production indicating that delta-opioid receptor activation did not stimulate phospholipase C. Furthermore, delta-opioid receptor activation did not result in the reversal of muscarinic receptor desensitization, membrane hyperpolarization or stimulation of sphingosine kinase. There was no coincident signalling between the delta-opioid receptor and the lysophosphatidic acid receptor which couples to elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) in SH-SY5Y cells by a PLC-independent mechanism. In SH-SY5Y cells the coincident signalling between the endogenously expressed delta-opioid and m3 muscarinic receptors appears to occur in the receptor activation-Ca(2+) release signalling pathway at a step after the activation of phospholipase C.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CHO Cells
- Calcium/physiology
- Carbachol/pharmacology
- Cricetinae
- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-/pharmacology
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11
- Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Neuroblastoma
- Oxotremorine/pharmacology
- Receptor Cross-Talk/drug effects
- Receptor Cross-Talk/physiology
- Receptor, Muscarinic M3
- Receptors, Muscarinic/drug effects
- Receptors, Muscarinic/physiology
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/physiology
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yeo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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14
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Carlson K, Ehrich M. Organophosphorus compound-induced modification of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1999; 160:33-42. [PMID: 10502500 DOI: 10.1006/taap.1999.8741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus (OP) compounds inhibit mitochondrial enzymes, respiration, and ATP generation, in addition to inducing structural changes such as matrix swelling. This implicates mitochondria as primary subcellular targets for these compounds. In this study, the health and function of cellular mitochondria following OP compound exposure were assessed by evaluating the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)). This was done by measuring the changes in DeltaPsi(m) in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells incubated with the cationic fluorochrome, rhodamine 123 (5 microg/ml), and the OP compounds tri-ortho-tolyl phosphate (TOTP), triphenyl phosphite (TPPi), or parathion for 7.5 to 960 minutes. OP compounds (100 microM to 1 mM) induced significant concentration-dependent mitochondrial hyperpolarization with peak maxima occurring at 60 (TOTP, TPPi) or 120 (parathion) min. Following this, the mitochondrial membranes gradually depolarized. Pretreatment with cyclosporin A (500 nM, 30 h), a mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) inhibitor, decreased the hyperpolarization. In contrast, 30-h pretreatment with the muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol (1 mM) significantly increased DeltaPsi(m) and delayed subsequent depolarization. Hyperpolarization and subsequent depolarization of mitochondrial membranes occurred 16 to 24 h prior to a loss of substrate adhesion or an increase in DNA fragmentation, indicating that mitochondria were a primary target in OP compound-initiated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Carlson
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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15
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Feldman EL, Sullivan KA, Kim B, Russell JW. Insulin-like growth factors regulate neuronal differentiation and survival. Neurobiol Dis 1997; 4:201-14. [PMID: 9361296 DOI: 10.1006/nbdi.1997.0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-II are potent trophic factors for motor and sensory neurons and glial cells. The actions of IGF-I and IGF-II are mediated via the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR). IGF:IGF-IR binding activates distinct signaling cascades, which in turn mediate the trophic effects of the IGFs. We discuss three main IGF coupled events: growth cone motility, long-term neurite outgrowth, and neuroprotection. Our data suggest that IGF-I enhances growth cone motility by promoting reorganization of actin and activation of focal adhesion proteins via the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (Pl-3K) pathway. Long-term treatment with IGF-I activates the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade and promotes neurite outgrowth. A separable, but likely linked, action of the IGFs via Pl-3K is protection of neurons from apoptosis. These pleotrophic effects of IGFs suggest that this family of growth factors may have potential clinical utility in the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
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16
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Sullivan KA, Kim B, Buzdon M, Feldman EL. Suramin disrupts insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) mediated autocrine growth in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Brain Res 1997; 744:199-206. [PMID: 9027379 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(96)01078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Suramin, traditionally used in the treatment of trypanosomiasis, is under investigation in the treatment of cancer. One side effect that limits its use is the onset of a sensorimotor polyneuropathy. In order to investigate the mechanism by which suramin induces polyneuropathy, we examined its effects on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, an in vitro model of neuronal growth and differentiation. Addition of 50-400 micrograms/ml suramin to SH-SY5Y cells grown in 0.6% CS inhibited [3H]thymidine ([3H]TdR) incorporation and cell growth. Upon removal of suramin, [3H]TdR incorporation increased, demonstrating that levels of suramin used were cytostatic and not cytotoxic. Analysis of suramin-treated SH-SY5Y cells by flow cytometry revealed growth arrest in the G1/G0 phase of the cell cycle. IGF-II-induced SH-SY5Y growth is mediated by the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR). Therefore, we examined its effect on IGF-IR tyrosine phosphorylation. Suramin prevented IGF-II-stimulated IGF-IR tyrosine phosphorylation. These results indicate that in SH-SY5Y cells, suramin acts as a cytostatic agent and can block IGF-II-dependent cell growth by preventing IGF-IR activation. Thus, suramin toxicity in the peripheral nervous system may be due, in part, to preventing IGF and other growth factors from activating their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Sullivan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109-0588, USA
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17
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Kukkonen JP, Shariatmadari R, Courtney MJ, Akerman KE. Localization of voltage-sensitive Ca2+ fluxes and neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity to varicosities in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells differentiated by treatment with the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine. Eur J Neurosci 1997; 9:140-50. [PMID: 9042578 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01362.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of voltage-sensitive elevations of the level of Ca2+ in untreated SH-SY5Y cells and cells that had been induced to differentiate with staurosporine was investigated by monitoring fura-2 fluorescence in cell suspensions, and by using microfluorometry and quantitative fluorescence imaging on cell bodies and on cellular processes. Cell bodies of both types of cells displayed small Ca2+ elevations, which were composed of transient and sustained components. Elevations were partially sensitive to the L- and N-channel blockers nifedipine (1 microM) and omega-conotoxin GVIA (100 nM) respectively. Up to ten times Ca2+ elevations were observed in varicosities of treated cells than in cell bodies of treated and cells. These elevations were insensitive to compounds known to release Ca2+ from intracellular stores. Elevations of Ca2+ were sustained, and they were insensitive to 5 microM nifedipine, 100 nM omega-agatoxin IVA and 100 nM omega-conotoxin GVIA, and partially sensitive to 2 microM omega-conotoxin GVIA, indicating predominance of non-L-type, non-N-type, non-P-type channel activity. The intracellular localization of neuropeptide Y, a marker of differentiation in these cells, was also investigated by fluorescence immunocytochemistry. Varicosities of treated cells displayed marked fluorescence when viewed in a confocal microscope. These findings show that the varicosities of staurosporine-treated cells exhibit some of the functional properties of nerve terminals. The varicosities resemble boutons en passant nerve endings and they seem to express Ca2+ channels different from those in the cell body.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Kukkonen
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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18
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Kukkonen JP, Hautala R, Akerman KE. Muscarinic depolarization of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells as determined using oxonol V. Neurosci Lett 1996; 212:57-60. [PMID: 8823762 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(96)12781-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Membrane potential was measured in the suspension of SH-SY5Y cells using the anionic potentiometric probe, oxonol V. The relation of fluorescence to membrane potential was assessed by increasing the external [K+] in the presence of the K+ ionophore valinomycin. The response was linear in the range of 5 to 30 mM K+ (membrane potential change of approximately 40 mV). Muscarine increased the fluorescence indicating a depolarization. The competitive inhibitory constant (112 nM) of the muscarinic antagonist pirenzepine (5,11-dihydro-11-([4-methyl-1-piperazinyl]acetyl)-6H-pyrido[2,3-b] (1,4)benzodiazepin-6-one-dihydrochloride) suggests that Hm1 receptors are not involved. The protein kinase C inhibitor, GF 109203X (3-[1-(3-demethylaminopropyl)-indol-3-yl]-3-(indol-3-yl)-maleimide ), and a reduction of extracellular Na+ both produced an additive partial inhibition. The results suggest that muscarinic receptors depolarize these cells by separate Na(+)-dependent and -independent mechanisms, the Na(+)-independent mechanism being protein kinase C-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Kukkonen
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Abo Akademi University BioCity, Turku, Finland.
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19
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Purkiss JR, Willars GB. Ionomycin induced changes in intracellular free calcium in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells: sources of calcium and effects on [3H]-noradrenaline release. Cell Calcium 1996; 20:21-9. [PMID: 8864568 DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4160(96)90047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In adherent SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells cultured for 14 days to promote uptake and release of [3H]-noradrenaline, ionomycin induced a biphasic elevation of the intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i). This consisted of a rapid transient elevation followed by a marked, persistent secondary elevation. Further study indicated that the peak [Ca2+]i elevation was dependent upon intracellular Ca2+ whilst the secondary elevation was dependent upon extracellular Ca2+. This profile of response and dependence upon intracellular and extracellular sources of Ca2+ was similar to that evoked by the muscarinic agonist, methacholine but was independent of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate generation. Ionomycin also stimulated the release of [3H]-noradrenaline from preloaded cells. Both intracellular and extracellular sources of Ca2+ were needed for the full response and synergised to effect release. Thus, in adherent SH-SY5Y cells, ionomycin elevates [Ca2+]i in a complex way in a manner partly analogous to the elevation of [Ca2+]i by agonists of phosphoinositidase C-linked receptors. Furthermore the effects of [Ca2+]i elevation on [3H]-noradrenaline release by these two processes are similar. Such functional consequences may, however, differ under circumstances where the profile and source of Ca2+ for ionomycin-mediated changes differs to that of receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Purkiss
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester, UK
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20
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Grudt TJ, Usowicz MM, Henderson G. Ca2+ entry following store depletion in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. BRAIN RESEARCH. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH 1996; 36:93-100. [PMID: 9011769 DOI: 10.1016/0169-328x(95)00248-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+ entry following Ca2+ store depletion was examined in the human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, by measuring the concentration of intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) with fura-2. Application of the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine-M (oxo-M) caused an increase in [Ca2+]i. This consisted of a peak, mediated by release of Ca2+ from internal stores followed by a sustained plateau, mediated by Ca2+ entry across the plasma membrane. The Ca2+ entry resulted from depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores This pathway was further characterized in the presence of thapsigargin, an inhibitor of the Ca2+ ATPase involved in replenishing IP3-sensitive stores. Stores were first depleted with oxo-M and thapsigargin in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. After washout of oxo-M, subsequent exposure to Ca2+ evoked reproducible increases in [Ca2+]i. Application of oxo-M plus Ca2+ had little effect on the increases in [Ca2+]i, indicating that in SH-SY5Y cells, agonist-dependent pathways contribute little to Ca2+ entry following store depletion. Mn2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+ were permeable through this pathway. Mn2+ and Ba2+ also showed slight permeability in the absence of store depletion. Ca2+ entry following store depletion was blocked by La3+ (IC50 = 75 nM) and by SKF 96365. La3+ blocked Mn2+ entry through the pathway activated by store depletion but did not affect basal Mn2+ permeability. These results indicate that SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells have an agonist-independent Ca2+ entry pathway activated by store depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Grudt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Bristol, UK.
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21
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Smart D, Lambert DG. Desensitization of the mu-opioid activation of phospholipase C in SH-SY5Y cells: the role of protein kinases C and A and Ca(2+)-activated K+ currents. Br J Pharmacol 1995; 116:2655-60. [PMID: 8590985 PMCID: PMC1909131 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb17222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
1. In SH-SY5Y cells, mu-opioids cause a rapidly desensitizing activation of phospholipase C (PLC), that appears secondary to Ca2+ influx via L-type voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels (VSCCs). The aim of the present study was to characterize the mechanisms of desensitization of the mu-opioid-induced inositol (1,4,5) triphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) response, by use of a stereospecific radioreceptor mass assay. 2. (R+)-Bay K 8644 (1 nM-10 microM) dose-dependently inhibited fentanyl-induced Ins(1,4,5)P3 formation, with an IC50 of 28.5 nM, confirming our earlier observations that mu-opioids open L-type VSCCs, thus allowing Ca2+ influx to activate PLC. 3. Ro 31-8220 (0.1 nM-10 microM), a protein kinase C inhibitor, dose-dependently enhanced fentanyl-induced Ins(1,4,5)P3 formation (EC50 = 20.0 nM), whilst acute phorbol 12,13-dibutrate (1 microM) abolished the response. 4. H-89 (1 nM-10 microM), a protein kinase A inhibitor, also dose-dependently enhanced fentanyl-induced Ins(1,4,5)P3 formation (EC50 = 93 nM), whilst dibutryl cyclic AMP (0.5 mM) abolished the response. 5. Blockade of Ca(2+)-activated K+ currents with 4-aminopyridine (2 mM) or iberiotoxin (10 nM) had no effect on fentanyl-induced Ins(1,4,5)P3 formation but further increased the Ro 31-8220-enhanced response. 6. All three mechanisms had additive, or even supra-additive, effects, but only at later (120-300 s) time points. In addition, fentanyl-induced Ins(1,4,5)P3 formation, even if enhanced by H-89, Ro 31-8220 and/or 4-aminopyridine, was inhibited by nifedipine (1 nM-10 microM). 7. In conclusion, desensitization of the mu-opioid-induced activation of PLC is multifactorial, involving protein kinases C and A and Ca(2+)-activated K+ efflux, but the L-type VSCC is of critical importance and may be a possible common site of action.
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MESH Headings
- 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester/pharmacology
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Calcium/physiology
- Calcium Channel Agonists/pharmacology
- Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/physiology
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Fentanyl/pharmacology
- Humans
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/metabolism
- Isoquinolines/pharmacology
- Narcotics/pharmacology
- Neuroblastoma/enzymology
- Nifedipine/pharmacology
- Potassium Channels/drug effects
- Potassium Channels/physiology
- Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Kinase C/metabolism
- Protein Kinase C/physiology
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/physiology
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Sulfonamides
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Type C Phospholipases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- D Smart
- University Department of Anaesthesia, Leicester Royal Infirmary
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22
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Vaughan PF, Peers C, Walker JH. The use of the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y to study the effect of second messengers on noradrenaline release. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 1995; 26:1191-201. [PMID: 7590107 DOI: 10.1016/0306-3623(94)00312-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
1. Recent data suggesting that the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y is a suitable cell line in which to study the effect of second messengers on NA release are discussed in the context of current views on exocytosis. 2. Release of NA is evoked by depolarization, as well as activation of muscarinic (M3) and bradykinin (B2) receptors in SH-SY5Y cells which have not been differentiated by the addition of growth factors. 3. Evoked release is enhanced by activation of protein kinase C. 4. Activation of protein kinase C decreases the changes in intracellular calcium evoked by carbachol, bradykinin and 100 mM K+. 5. SH-SY5Y express N-type and L-type voltage sensitive Ca2+ channels. L-Type Ca(2+)-channels are coupled to NA release under conditions of weak depolarization. However with strong depolarization (100 mM K+) both L-type and N-type channels are involved. 6. Muscarinic- and neuropeptide Y receptors are coupled to the inhibition of Ca2+ channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Vaughan
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research, University of Leeds, U.K
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23
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Brown NA, Kemp JA, Seabrook GR. Block of human voltage-sensitive Na+ currents in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells by lifarizine. Br J Pharmacol 1994; 113:600-6. [PMID: 7834213 PMCID: PMC1510106 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1994.tb17032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The ability of lifarizine (RS-87476) to block human voltage-sensitive Na+ channel currents was studied by use of whole cell patch clamp recording from differentiated neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). 2. The Na+ conductance in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells (24.0 +/- 2.4 nS, n = 11) was half-maximally activated by 10 ms depolarizations to -37 +/- 2 mV and was half-maximally inactivated by predepolarizing pulses of 200 ms duration to -86 +/- 3 mV (n = 11). 3. At low stimulus frequencies (0.1 to 0.33 Hz) voltage-dependent sodium currents were completely blocked, in a concentration-dependent manner, by extracellular application of either tetrodotoxin (EC50 = 4 +/- 1 nM, n = 12) or by lifarizine (EC50 = 783 +/- 67 nM, n = 9). The onset of block by lifarizine (tau = 91 +/- 14 s at 10 microM) was considerably slower than that of tetrodotoxin (tau = 16 +/- 3 s at 100 nM). 4. Lifarizine (1 microM) reduced the peak sodium conductance in each cell (from 26.4 +/- 2.0 nS to 15.1 +/- 2.7 nS, n = 4) without changing the macroscopic kinetics of sodium current activation or inactivation (V1/2 = -35 1 mV and -87 +/- 4 mV respectively, n = 4). Similarly, lifarizine (1 microM) did not affect the reversal potential of the macroscopic sodium current (+14 +/- 5 mV in control and +16 +/- 2 mV in 1 microM lifarizine; n = 4) or reactivation time-constant (tau = 14.0 +/- 4.4 ms). 5. Block of the sodium channel open state by tetrodotoxin (30 nM) did not prevent the inhibition caused by a subsequent application of lifarizine (3 micro M). In contrast the depression caused by lifarizinewas readily reversible after pretreatment of cells with the local anaesthetic, lignocaine (1O mM).6. These data demonstrate that lifarizine is a use- and voltage-dependent antagonist of human voltage sensitive sodium currents. The slow kinetics and pharmacology of the block by lifarizine indicate that access of this drug to the channel is more restricted than that of tetrodotoxin and may involve an allosteric site or state of the channel that is also regulated by local anaesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Brown
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Neuroscience Research Centre, Harlow, Essex
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24
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Vaughan PF, Kaye DF, Reeve HL, Ball SG, Peers C. Nicotinic receptor-mediated release of noradrenaline in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y. J Neurochem 1993; 60:2159-66. [PMID: 7684069 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide (a nicotinic agonist) evokes noradrenaline release from human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells that have been pretreated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate for 8 min. This effect of dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide was inhibited by 1 microM mecamylamine but not by 1 microM atropine, which suggests that SH-SY5Y cells express nicotinic receptors coupled to the release of noradrenaline. Dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide-evoked release was enhanced by 5 microM Bay K 8644 (an L-type calcium agonist) and inhibited by 1 microM nifedipine. Dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide depolarised SH-SY5Y cells and enhanced the level of intracellular calcium in cells loaded with fura 2. The effects of dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide on noradrenaline release, depolarisation, and intracellular calcium levels were all inhibited by 1 microM desmethylimipramine. The results of this study show that nicotinic receptors in SH-SY5Y cells stimulate noradrenaline release by activation of L-type calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Vaughan
- Department of Cardiovascular Studies, University of Leeds, England
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Abstract
At least five muscarinic receptor genes have been cloned and expressed. Muscarinic receptors act via activation of G proteins: m1, m3 and m5 muscarinic receptors couple to stimulate phospholipase C, while m2 and m4 muscarinic receptors inhibit adenylyl cyclase. This review describes the localization, pharmacology and function of the five muscarinic receptor subtypes. The actions of muscarinic receptors on the heart, smooth muscle, glands and on neurons (both presynaptic and postsynaptic) in the autonomic nervous system and the central nervous system are analyzed in terms of subtypes, biochemical mechanisms and effects on ion channels, including K+ channels and Ca2+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Caulfield
- Department of Pharmacology, University College London, U.K
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Lacey MG. Neurotransmitter receptors and ionic conductances regulating the activity of neurones in substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 1993; 99:251-76. [PMID: 7509080 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M G Lacey
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Birmingham, U.K
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