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FAK and Pyk2 activity promote TNF-α and IL-1β-mediated pro-inflammatory gene expression and vascular inflammation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7617. [PMID: 31110200 PMCID: PMC6527705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity has been implicated in pro-inflammatory gene expression following tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interkeukin-1β (IL-1β) stimulation. However, the identity of responsible PTK(s) in cytokine signaling have not been elucidated. To evaluate which PTK is critical to promote the cytokine-induced inflammatory cell adhesion molecule (CAM) expression including VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin in human aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs), we have tested pharmacological inhibitors of major PTKs: Src and the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) family kinases - FAK and proline-rich tyrosine kinase (Pyk2). We found that a dual inhibitor of FAK/Pyk2 (PF-271) most effectively reduced all three CAMs upon TNF-α or IL-1β stimulation compared to FAK or Src specific inhibitors (PF-228 or Dasatinib), which inhibited only VCAM-1 expression. In vitro inflammation assays showed PF-271 reduced monocyte attachment and transmigration on HAoECs. Furthermore, FAK/Pyk2 activity was not limited to CAM expression but was also required for expression of various pro-inflammatory molecules including MCP-1 and IP-10. Both TNF-α and IL-1β signaling requires FAK/Pyk2 activity to activate ERK and JNK MAPKs leading to inflammatory gene expression. Knockdown of either FAK or Pyk2 reduced TNF-α-stimulated ERK and JNK activation and CAM expression, suggesting that activation of ERK or JNK is specific through FAK and Pyk2. Finally, FAK/Pyk2 activity is required for VCAM-1 expression and macrophage recruitment to the vessel wall in a carotid ligation model in ApoE-/- mice. Our findings define critical roles of FAK/Pyk2 in mediating inflammatory cytokine signaling and implicate FAK/Pyk2 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents to treat vascular inflammatory disease such as atherosclerosis.
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Hassanshahi M, Su Y, Khabbazi S, Fan C, Chen K, Wang J, Qian A, Howe PR, Yan D, Zhou H, Xian CJ. Flavonoid genistein protects bone marrow sinusoidal blood vessels from damage by methotrexate therapy in rats. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:11276-11286. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadhossein Hassanshahi
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, and UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Yu‐Wen Su
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, and UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Samira Khabbazi
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, and UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Chia‐Ming Fan
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, and UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Ke‐Ming Chen
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital of CPLA Lanzhou China
| | - Ju‐Fang Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Airong Qian
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Peter R. Howe
- Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland Springfield Queensland Australia
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, University of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales Australia
| | - De‐Wen Yan
- Department of Endocrinology The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Hou‐De Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Cory J. Xian
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, and UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia Adelaide South Australia Australia
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Kalmode HP, Handore KL, Rajput R, Shaikh SR, Gonnade RG, Kulkarni KA, Reddy DS. Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Cell Adhesion Inhibitors Peribysin A and B: Structural Revision of Peribysin B. Org Lett 2018; 20:7003-7006. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kishor L. Handore
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 110025 New Delhi, India
| | - Raveena Rajput
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 110025 New Delhi, India
| | - Samir R. Shaikh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 110025 New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh G. Gonnade
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 110025 New Delhi, India
| | - Kiran A. Kulkarni
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 110025 New Delhi, India
| | - D. Srinivasa Reddy
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 110025 New Delhi, India
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Chakrabarti S, Davidge ST. Estradiol modulates tumor necrosis factor-induced endothelial inflammation: role of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2. J Vasc Res 2012; 50:21-34. [PMID: 23095497 DOI: 10.1159/000342736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The sex hormone estradiol (E(2)) appears to mediate both anti-atherogenic and pro-inflammatory effects in premenopausal women, suggesting a complex immunomodulatory role. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and other inflammatory diseases. Alterations at the TNF receptors (TNFRs) and their downstream signaling/transcriptional pathways can affect inflammatory responses. Given this background, we hypothesized that chronic E(2) exposure would alter endothelial inflammatory response involving modulation at the levels of TNFRs and signaling pathways. HUVECs were used as the model system. Pre-treatment with E(2) did not significantly alter TNF-induced upregulation of pro-inflammatory molecules ICAM-1 (3-6 times) and VCAM-1 (5-7 times). However, pharmacological inhibition of transcriptional pathways suggested a partial shift from NF-ĸB (from 97 to 64%) towards the JNK/AP-1 pathway in ICAM-1 upregulation on E(2) treatment. In contrast, VCAM-1 expression remained NF-ĸB dependent in both control (∼96%) and E(2) treated (∼85%) cells. The pro-inflammatory TNF effects were mediated by TNFR1. Interestingly, E(2) pre-treatment increased TNFR2 levels in these cells. Concomitant TNFR2 activation (but not TNFR1 activation alone) led to the shift towards JNK/AP-1-mediated ICAM-1 upregulation in E(2)-treated cells, suggesting the effects of chronic E(2) to be dependent on TNFR2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Chakrabarti
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Physiology, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Cardiovascular Research Center and Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada
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Lim ST, Miller NLG, Chen XL, Tancioni I, Walsh CT, Lawson C, Uryu S, Weis SM, Cheresh DA, Schlaepfer DD. Nuclear-localized focal adhesion kinase regulates inflammatory VCAM-1 expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 197:907-19. [PMID: 22734001 PMCID: PMC3384409 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201109067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Kinase-inhibited FAK limits VCAM-1 production via nuclear localization and promotion of GATA4 turnover. Vascular cell adhesion molecule–1 (VCAM-1) plays important roles in development and inflammation. Tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) are key regulators of inflammatory and integrin–matrix signaling, respectively. Integrin costimulatory signals modulate inflammatory gene expression, but the important control points between these pathways remain unresolved. We report that pharmacological FAK inhibition prevented TNF-α–induced VCAM-1 expression within heart vessel–associated endothelial cells in vivo, and genetic or pharmacological FAK inhibition blocked VCAM-1 expression during development. FAK signaling facilitated TNF-α–induced, mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, and, surprisingly, FAK inhibition resulted in the loss of the GATA4 transcription factor required for TNF-α–induced VCAM-1 production. FAK inhibition also triggered FAK nuclear localization. In the nucleus, the FAK-FERM (band 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin homology) domain bound directly to GATA4 and enhanced its CHIP (C terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein) E3 ligase–dependent polyubiquitination and degradation. These studies reveal new developmental and anti-inflammatory roles for kinase-inhibited FAK in limiting VCAM-1 production via nuclear localization and promotion of GATA4 turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ssang-Taek Lim
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California-San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Beavers DP, Beavers KM, Miller M, Stamey J, Messina MJ. Exposure to isoflavone-containing soy products and endothelial function: a Bayesian meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:182-191. [PMID: 20709515 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To determine whether and to what degree exposure to isoflavone-containing soy products affects EF. Endothelial dysfunction has been identified as an independent coronary heart disease risk factor and a strong predictor of long-term cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Data on the effects of exposure to isoflavone-containing soy products on EF are conflicting. METHODS AND RESULTS A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PUBMED database (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD) inclusively through August 21, 2009 on RCTs using the keywords: soy, isoflavone, phytoestrogen, EF, flow mediated vasodilation, and FMD. A Bayesian meta-analysis was conducted to provide a comprehensive account of the effect of isoflavone-containing soy products on EF, as measured by FMD. A total of 17 RCTs were selected as having sufficient data for study inclusion. The overall mean absolute change in FMD (95% Bayesian CI) for isoflavone-containing soy product interventions was 1.15% (-0.52, 2.75). When the effects of separate interventions were considered, the treatment effect for isolated isoflavones was 1.98% (0.07, 3.97) compared to 0.72% (-1.39, 2.90) for isoflavone-containing soy protein. The models were not improved when considering study-specific effects such as cuff measurement location, prescribed dietary modification, and impaired baseline FMD. CONCLUSIONS Cumulative evidence from the RCTs included in this meta-analysis indicates that exposure to soy isoflavones can modestly, but significantly, improve EF as measured by FMD. Therefore, exposure to isoflavone supplements may beneficially influence vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Beavers
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Cho HY, Park CM, Kim MJ, Chinzorig R, Cho CW, Song YS. Comparative effect of genistein and daidzein on the expression of MCP-1, eNOS, and cell adhesion molecules in TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs. Nutr Res Pract 2011; 5:381-8. [PMID: 22125674 PMCID: PMC3221822 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2011.5.5.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared the effects of genistein and daidzein on the expression of chemokines, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). TNF-α exposure significantly increased expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, vascular adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Genistein significantly decreased MCP-1 and VCAM-1 production in a dose-dependent manner, whereas CAM expression was not significantly lowered by genistein treatment. However, daidzein slightly decreased MCP-1 production. The effects of genistein and daidzein on MCP-1 secretion coincided with mRNA expression. Pre-treatment with either genistein or daidzein elevated eNOS expression and nitric oxide production disturbed by TNF-α exposure. A low concentration of isoflavones significantly inhibited nuclear factor (NF)κB activation, whereas a high dose slightly ameliorated these inhibitive effects. These results suggest that genistein had a stronger effect on MCP-1 and eNOS expression than that of daidzein. Additionally, NFκB transactivation might be partially related to the down-regulation of these mRNAs in TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yeon Cho
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
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Diversity through phosphine catalysis identifies octahydro-1,6-naphthyridin-4-ones as activators of endothelium-driven immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:6769-74. [PMID: 21383121 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1015254108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium plays a critical role in promoting inflammation in cardiovascular disease and other chronic inflammatory conditions, and many small-molecule screens have sought to identify agents that prevent endothelial cell activation. Conversely, an augmented immune response can be protective against microbial pathogens and in cancer immunotherapy. Yet, small-molecule screens to identify agents that induce endothelial cell activation have not been reported. In this regard, a bioassay was developed that identifies activated endothelium by its capacity to trigger macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta from primary monocytes. Subsequently, a 642-compound library of 39 distinctive scaffolds generated by a diversity-oriented synthesis based on the nucleophilic phosphine catalysis was screened for small molecules that activated the endothelium. Among the active compounds identified, the major classes were synthesized through the sequence of phosphine-catalyzed annulation, Tebbe reaction, Diels-Alder reaction, and in some cases, hydrolysis. Ninety-six analogs of one particular class of compounds, octahydro-1,6-naphthyridin-4-ones, were efficiently prepared by a solid-phase split-and-pool technique and by solution phase analog synthesis. Structure-function analysis combined with transcriptional profiling of active and inactive octahydro-1,6-naphthyridin-4-one analogs identified inflammatory gene networks induced exclusively by the active compound. The identification of a family of chemical probes that augment innate immunity through endothelial cell activation provides a framework for understanding gene networks involved in endothelial inflammation as well as the development of novel endothelium-driven immunotherapeutic agents.
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Yan J, Nunn AD, Thomas R. Selective induction of cell adhesion molecules by proinflammatory mediators in human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells in culture. Int J Clin Exp Med 2010; 3:315-331. [PMID: 21072266 PMCID: PMC2971539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory mediators can dramatically alter many responses of cultured endothelial cells in vitro, which are relevant to understanding the role played by the endothelium in inflammation in vivo. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of a comprehensive array of pro-inflammatory stimuli to modulate Cell Adhesion Molecule (CAM) expression in cultures of human microvascular cardiac endothelial cells (HMVEC.c). Cell ELISA, immunocy-tochemistry and flow cytometry were used to measure the CAM expressions in HMVEC.c in response to interleukins, TNF-α and LPS. Passage matched HMVEC.c from different donors showed different CAM expression profiles, confirming inherent variability in endothelial cells. Endothelial cells from different parts of the vasculature are exposed to different cytokines and thus different protein expression profiles. A thorough understanding of these innate differences in expression pattern of the microvasculatures of cardiac tissues might allow us the opportunity to target these tissues selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Ernst Felder Laboratories, Discovery Biology, Bracco Research USA Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
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Nagarajan S. Mechanisms of anti-atherosclerotic functions of soy-based diets. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 21:255-60. [PMID: 19954957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Soy-based diets have been reported to protect against the development of atherosclerosis. However, the underlying mechanism(s) for this protection remains unknown. Although atherosclerosis was traditionally considered a disease associated with impaired lipid metabolism, in recent years the inflammatory components of atherosclerosis have been explored. Recent studies have convincingly delineated that uncontrolled chronic inflammation is the principal contributing factor for the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Interaction between activated monocytes and vascular endothelial cells is an early event in atherogenesis. The adhesion of leukocytes, including monocytes, to the inflamed-vascular endothelium and their transmigration into intima initiate the inflammatory processes. Following transmigration, monocytes in the intima are transformed to macrophages, which take up oxidized-LDL (oxLDL) to generate lipid-laden macrophages, also known as foam cells. Hence, in this review article the inflammatory processes associated with atherosclerosis and possible anti-inflammatory functions of soy-based diets contributing to the prevention of atherosclerosis are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Nagarajan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
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Mortensen A, Kulling SE, Schwartz H, Rowland I, Ruefer CE, Rimbach G, Cassidy A, Magee P, Millar J, Hall WL, Kramer Birkved F, Sorensen IK, Sontag G. Analytical and compositional aspects of isoflavones in food and their biological effects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53 Suppl 2:S266-309. [PMID: 19774555 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200800478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides an overview of analytical techniques used to determine isoflavones (IFs) in foods and biological fluids with main emphasis on sample preparation methods. Factors influencing the content of IFs in food including processing and natural variability are summarized and an insight into IF databases is given. Comparisons of dietary intake of IFs in Asian and Western populations, in special subgroups like vegetarians, vegans, and infants are made and our knowledge on their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion by the human body is presented. The influences of the gut microflora, age, gender, background diet, food matrix, and the chemical nature of the IFs on the metabolism of IFs are described. Potential mechanisms by which IFs may exert their actions are reviewed, and genetic polymorphism as determinants of biological response to soy IFs is discussed. The effects of IFs on a range of health outcomes including atherosclerosis, breast, intestinal, and prostate cancers, menopausal symptoms, bone health, and cognition are reviewed on the basis of the available in vitro, in vivo animal and human data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Mortensen
- The National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
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Beavers KM, Serra MC, Beavers DP, Cooke MB, Willoughby DS. Soymilk supplementation does not alter plasma markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in postmenopausal women. Nutr Res 2009; 29:616-22. [PMID: 19854376 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with increasing levels of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which contribute to the progression of cardiovascular disease. Attenuation of such processes via dietary intervention has significant public health implications. Soyfoods, as a source of high-quality protein and isoflavones, may improve such indices, although such effects in healthy aging women are not well delineated. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that 4 weeks of daily soymilk consumption would improve systemic markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in postmenopausal women when compared with a dairy control. In September 2009, a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted on 31 postmenopausal women at Baylor University, Waco, Tex. Subjects were randomly assigned to consume 3 servings of vanilla soy (n = 16) or reduced fat dairy (n = 15) milk per day for 4 weeks. Plasma markers of inflammation (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha], interleukin [IL]-1beta, IL-6) and oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2]) were obtained before and after supplementation. No significant differences were observed for any of the plasma inflammatory (TNF-alpha, P = .08; IL-1beta, P = .14; IL-6, P = .26) or oxidative stress (SOD, P = .68; GPx, P = .58; COX-2, P = .99) variables by dietary treatment group. Despite good dietary compliance, our study failed to show a significant effect of soymilk consumption on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in this postmenopausal female population. Potential reasons for this nonsignificant finding are discussed, and future research directions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Beavers
- Section on Gerontology, Wake Forest University, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Beavers KM, Jonnalagadda SS, Messina MJ. Soy consumption, adhesion molecules, and pro-inflammatory cytokines: a brief review of the literature. Nutr Rev 2009; 67:213-21. [PMID: 19335715 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00191.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the interest in the vascular effects of both soyfoods and soy isoflavones, the purpose of this short review is to evaluate clinical trials that have examined the effects of isoflavone-rich soy products on the novel cardiovascular risk factors, cellular adhesion molecules, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. A total of 14 randomized clinical studies were assessed. From the data evaluated, evidence suggests that neither soyfoods nor soy isoflavones affect IL-6 or TNF-alpha expression. In contrast, the effects of soy on cellular adhesion molecules are mixed. Study design characteristics possibly contributing to the inconsistent data are discussed and recommendations for future research in this area are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Beavers
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798-7313, USA.
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Erratum: Analytical and compositional aspects of isoflavones in food and their biological effects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractDietary isoflavones are thought to be cardioprotective due to their structural similarity to oestrogen. Oestrogen is believed to have beneficial effects on endothelial function and may be one of the mechanisms by which premenopausal women are protected against CVD. Decreased NO production and endothelial NO synthase activity, and increased endothelin-1 concentrations, impaired lipoprotein metabolism and increased circulating inflammatory factors result from oestrogen deficiency. Oestrogen acts by binding to oestrogen receptors α and β. Isoflavones have been shown to bind with greater affinity to the latter. Oestrogen replacement therapy is no longer thought to be a safe treatment for prevention of CVD; isoflavones are a possible alternative. Limited evidence from human intervention studies suggests that isoflavones may improve endothelial function, but the available data are not conclusive. Animal studies provide stronger support for a role of isoflavones in the vasculature, with increased vasodilation and endothelial NO synthase activity demonstrated. Cellular mechanisms underlying the effects of isoflavones on endothelial cell function are not yet clear. Possible oestrogen receptor-mediated pathways include modulation of gene transcription, and also non-genomic oestrogen receptor-mediated signalling pathways. Putative non-oestrogenic pathways include inhibition of reactive oxygen species production and up regulation of the protein kinase A pathway (increasing NO bioavailability). Further research is needed to unravel effects of isoflavones on intracellular regulation of the endothelial function. Moreover, there is an urgent need for adequately powered, robustly designed human intervention studies in order to clarify the present equivocal findings.
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Atteritano M, Marini H, Minutoli L, Polito F, Bitto A, Altavilla D, Mazzaferro S, D'Anna R, Cannata ML, Gaudio A, Frisina A, Frisina N, Corrado F, Cancellieri F, Lubrano C, Bonaiuto M, Adamo EB, Squadrito F. Effects of the phytoestrogen genistein on some predictors of cardiovascular risk in osteopenic, postmenopausal women: a two-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:3068-75. [PMID: 17682090 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-2295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Genistein, a soy isoflavone, has received wide attention over the last few years because of its potential preventive role for cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to assess the effects of genistein administration (54 mg/d) on some predictors of cardiovascular risk in osteopenic, postmenopausal women. DESIGN AND SETTING We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at three Italian university medical centers. INTERVENTION After a 4-wk stabilization on a standard isocaloric, fat-reduced diet, participants were randomly assigned to receive genistein (n = 198) or placebo (n = 191) daily for 24 months. Both intervention and placebo contained calcium and vitamin D(3). OUTCOME MEASURES Blood lipid profiles, fasting glucose and insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, fibrinogen, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1, F2-isoprostanes, and osteoprotegerin at baseline and after 12 and 24 months of treatment were measured. RESULTS Compared with placebo, genistein significantly reduced fasting glucose and insulin as well as homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance after both 12 and 24 months of treatment. By contrast, genistein administration did not affect blood lipid levels although fibrinogen, F2-isoprostanes, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 decreased significantly compared with placebo after 24 months. Serum osteoprotegerin was higher in the genistein group compared with placebo. At 24 months, the genistein group showed no change in endometrial thickness compared with placebo. Most treatment-related adverse events were moderate and composed of gastrointestinal side effects [genistein, n = 37 (19%); placebo, n = 15 (8%)]. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that 54 mg genistein plus calcium, vitamin D(3), and a healthy diet was associated with favorable effects on both glycemic control and some cardiovascular risk markers in a cohort of osteopenic, postmenopausal women.
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Dietary isoflavones in the prevention of cardiovascular disease--a molecular perspective. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 46:1308-19. [PMID: 17689850 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Accepted: 06/21/2007] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Food and Drugs Administration has approved a health claim for soy based on clinical trials and epidemiological data indicating that high soy consumption is associated with a lower risk of coronary artery disease. Soy products contain a group of compounds called isoflavones, with genistein and daidzein being the most abundant. A number of cardioprotective benefits have been attributed to dietary isoflavones including a reduction in LDL cholesterol, an inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, cell adhesion proteins and inducible nitric oxide production, potential reduction in the susceptibility of the LDL particle to oxidation, inhibition of platelet aggregation and an improvement in vascular reactivity. There is increasing interest in the use of nutrigenomic methods to understand the mechanisms by which isoflavones induce these changes, and in the use of nutrigenetics to understand why the effects vary between individuals. Nutrigenomics is a rapidly growing field making use of molecular biology methodologies, such as microarray technology and proteomics, to study how specific nutrients or diets affect gene expression and cellular protein levels. The analysis of differential gene expression and protein levels in endothelial cells, macrophages and smooth muscle cells is critical to elucidating the sequence of events leading to the formation of atherosclerotic lesions, and to understanding the potential anti-atherogenic properties of soy isoflavones. An increasing number of studies demonstrate a significant impact of genetic variation on changes in cardiovascular risk factors in response to dietary intervention. Nutrigenetic effects of this type have recently been reported for dietary isoflavones, and may help to explain some of the disparities in the current literature concerning isoflavones and cardiovascular health.
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Yamada T, Minoura K, Tanaka R, Numata A. Cell-adhesion Inhibitors Produced by a Sea Hare-derived Periconia sp. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2007; 60:370-5. [PMID: 17617694 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2007.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Peribysin J and macrosphelide M have been isolated from a strain of Periconia byssoides originally isolated from the sea hare Aplysia kurodai. Their absolute stereostructures have been elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses using 1D and 2D NMR techniques and some chemical transformations including the modified Mosher's method. These fungal metabolites inhibited the adhesion of human-leukemia HL-60 cells to human-umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamada
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
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20
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Piao M, Mori D, Satoh T, Sugita Y, Tokunaga O. Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation, in vitro angiogenesis, and the down-regulation of cell adhesion-related genes by genistein. Combined with a cDNA microarray analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 13:249-66. [PMID: 16990182 DOI: 10.1080/10623320600903940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Antiangiogenesis is presently one of the powerful strategies for treating cancer, and endothelial cells play a pivotal role in the process of angiogenesis. Genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, a major isoflavone plentiful in soybeans, is known to inhibit both tumor growth and angiogenesis. However, the precise molecular mechanism(s) by which genistein affects endothelial cells has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, a cDNA microarray was performed to investigate the targeted genes of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) affected by 10 microM genistein. As a result, a total of 256 genes showed an altered expression of more than twofold. Among them were the genes related to cell proliferation, adhesion, transcription, translation, metabolism, cytoskeleton, apoptosis, kinases, and functionally unknown. The down-regulation of mRNA or the protein expression of cell adhesion-related genes, including VE-cadherin, gap junction protein alpha 1 (connexin 43), integrin alpha V, and multimerin, were confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or by immunofluorescence staining. The impaired cell-cell adhesion by genistein was also observed by electron microscopy. In addition, the antiangiogenesis role of genistein was confirmed on Matrigel using inverted microscopy and electron microscopy. In conclusion, genistein affects endothelial cells as a negative mediator of proliferation and angiogenesis in vitro, partially by down-regulating cell adhesion-related genes and impairing cell adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Piao
- Department of Pathology and Biodefense, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Japan
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21
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Lalor PF, Sun PJ, Weston CJ, Martin-Santos A, Wakelam MJO, Adams DH. Activation of vascular adhesion protein-1 on liver endothelium results in an NF-kappaB-dependent increase in lymphocyte adhesion. Hepatology 2007; 45:465-74. [PMID: 17256751 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is an adhesion molecule and amine oxidase that is expressed at high levels in the human liver. It promotes leukocyte adhesion to the liver in vivo and drives lymphocyte transmigration across hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells in vitro. We report that in addition to supporting leukocyte adhesion, provision of specific substrate to VAP-1 results in hepatic endothelial cell activation, which can be abrogated by treatment with the enzyme inhibitor semicarbazide. VAP-1-mediated activation was rapid; dependent upon nuclear factor-kappaB, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways; and led to upregulation of the adhesion molecules E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and secretion of the chemokine CXCL8. This response resulted in enhanced lymphocyte adhesion, was restricted to hepatic endothelial cells that expressed VAP-1, and was not observed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. CONCLUSION We propose that as well as directly promoting adhesion via interactions with the as yet unknown ligand, binding of enzyme substrate to VAP-1 can indirectly promote inflammatory cell recruitment via upregulation of adhesion molecules and chemokines. This response is likely to be important for the recruitment of leukocytes to the liver and suggests that VAP-1 inhibitors have therapeutic potential for treating chronic inflammatory liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia F Lalor
- Liver Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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22
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Yamada T, Minoura K, Tanaka R, Numata A. Cell-adhesion inhibitors produced by a sea hare-derived Periconia sp. II. Absolute stereostructures of peribysins H and I. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2006; 59:345-50. [PMID: 16915818 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2006.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Peribysins H (1) and I (2) have been isolated from a strain of Periconia byssoides originally separated from the sea hare Aplysia kurodai. Their absolute stereostructures have been elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses using ID and 2D NMR techniques and some chemical transformations including the modified Mosher's method. These metabolites inhibited the adhesion of human-leukemia HL-60 cells to HUVEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamada
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan.
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Schrepfer S, Deuse T, Münzel T, Schäfer H, Braendle W, Reichenspurner H. The selective estrogen receptor-beta agonist biochanin A shows vasculoprotective effects without uterotrophic activity. Menopause 2006; 13:489-99. [PMID: 16735947 DOI: 10.1097/01.gme.0000185941.63497.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current hormone therapy in postmenopausal women is associated with uterotrophic activity and cancer-promoting effects. In this experimental study, we compared the effects of the selective estrogen-receptor (ER) beta agonist biochanin A, and the selective ERalpha agonist ethinylestradiol, on the development of intimal hyperplasia after balloon injury and on uterus morphology. DESIGN Female F344 rats with or without prior ovariectomy were used for aortic denudations. Animals remained untreated or received oral biochanin A (100 mg/kg) or ethinylestradiol (100 microg/kg). After 14 days, aortas and uteri were harvested for histologic and immunohistochemical analyses. Computerized assessments of aortic adhesion molecule expression, and isometric relaxation experiments, and uteri were analyzed. In vitro studies with smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells were performed to further investigate the effects of hormone treatment on cell proliferation, migration and adhesion molecule expression. RESULTS Among untreated rats, ovariectomized animals tended to show greater neointimal hyperplasia and increased expression of the adhesion molecules 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). Biochanin A treatment reduced neointima formation, inhibited VCAM-1 up-regulation, and improved the vascular relaxation response. No effect was observed on uterus growth or histology. Ethinylestradiol also reduced aortic neointima formation and inhibited VCAM-1 up-regulation, but failed to improve endothelial function and significantly induced uterus growth. Both agents showed antiproliferative and weak antimigratory effects on smooth muscle cells, and reduced VCAM-1 expression on stimulated endothelial cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The ERbeta agonist biochanin A shows vasculoprotective effects without uterotrophic activity. Because hormone therapy may have cancer-promoting side effects, administration of ERbeta-selective agents might be alternatively used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Schrepfer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr, 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Jennings-Gee JE, Tsuji Y, Pietsch EC, Moran E, Mymryk JS, Torti FM, Torti SV. Coordinate Inhibition of Cytokine-mediated Induction of Ferritin H, Manganese Superoxide Dismutase, and Interleukin-6 by the Adenovirus E1A Oncogene. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:16428-35. [PMID: 16611629 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m600038200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus E1A sensitizes cells to the cytotoxic action of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). This effect has been attributed to direct blockade of NF-kappaB activation, as well as to increased activation of components of the apoptotic pathway and decreases in inhibitors of apoptosis. In this report we evaluated the mechanism by which E1A modulates the expression of the cytokine-inducible cytoprotective genes manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and ferritin heavy chain (FH). We observed that E1A blocks induction of MnSOD, IL-6, and FH by TNF-alpha or IL-1alpha. Because NF-kappaB plays a role in cytokine-dependent induction of MnSOD, IL-6, and FH, we assessed the effect of E1A on NF-kappaB in cells treated with TNF. IkappaB, the inhibitor of NF-kappaB, was degraded similarly in the presence and absence of E1A. TNF induced a quantitatively and temporally equivalent activation of NF-kappaB in control and E1A-transfected cells. However, TNF-dependent acetylation of NF-kappaB was diminished in cells expressing E1A. E1A mutants unable to bind p400 or the Rb family proteins were still capable of repressing TNF-dependent induction of FH. However, mutants of E1A that abrogated binding of p300/CBP blocked the ability of E1A to repress TNF-dependent induction of FH. These results suggest that p300/CBP is a critical control point in NF-kappaB-dependent transcriptional regulation of cytoprotective genes by cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E Jennings-Gee
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Schrepfer S, Deuse T, Schäfer H, Koch-Nolte F, Braendle W, Reichenspurner H. The phytoestrogen biochaninA weakens acute cardiac allograft rejection without affecting the reproductive system. Transpl Immunol 2005; 15:45-53. [PMID: 16223672 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2005.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2004] [Revised: 03/09/2005] [Accepted: 03/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the two estrogen receptor isoforms ERalpha and ERbeta have been discovered it is unclear by which receptor immunomodulating or feminizing effects are mediated. In this study, the effects of the two selective ERalpha- and ERbeta-agonists ethinylestradiol and biochaninA, respectively, on acute cardiac allograft rejection, uterus growth, vascular adhesion molecule and MHC-II expression were investigated and verified using in vitro cell culture. METHODS Heterotopic Lewis to ovarectomized F344 cardiac transplantations were performed. The study groups received supplemental biochaninA or ethinylestradiol, the control group received no treatment. Grafts and uteri were harvested on the fifth postoperative day and blood was taken for hormone plasma level quantifications. Purified Lewis aortic endothelial cell cultures were pre-treated with biochaninA or ethinylestradiol and stimulated with TNF-alpha or IFN-gamma for quantification of ICAM-1/VCAM-1 and MHC-II expression. Endothelium-lymphocyte adhesion assays were performed using purified F344 lymphocytes. RESULTS Both biochaninA and ethinylestradiol treatment significantly reduced graft mononuclear infiltration of CD8(+) and ED1(+) cells and markedly reduced ISHLT grading compared to untreated controls. Either agent significantly inhibited lymphocyte adhesion, endothelial VCAM-1 upregulation during graft rejection and during TNF-alpha-stimulation in vitro, whereas no effect was observed for ICAM-1 upregulation. BiochaninA but not ethinylestradiol significantly reduced endothelial MHC-II upregulation in vivo and in vitro. Only ethinylestradiol treatment strongly affected uterus growth in ovarectomized recipients. CONCLUSIONS Only the treatment with the phytoestrogen biochaninA reduced endothelial MHC-II expression in vivo and in vitro and weakened allograft rejection without affecting the reproductive system. Supplemental phytoestrogens may therefore provide further benefits in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Schrepfer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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26
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Joucher F, Mazmanian GM, German-Fattal M. Role of E-selectin in cell apoptosis induced by allogeneic blood perfusion in isolated mouse lung. Transplantation 2005; 80:666-72. [PMID: 16177643 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000173387.86191.d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a model of mouse isolated lung, we have recently demonstrated that E-selectin is involved in the activation of endothelial cells induced by allogeneic blood perfusion. In the present study, we explored the signaling pathway of apoptosis induced by E-selectin triggering. METHODS Lungs were perfused for 3 hours with fresh blood in the absence or presence of an anti-E-selectin monoclonal antibody, or a protein kinase C (PKC), protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), or protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor. The number of apoptotic cells in lung sections was determined by a TUNEL method. mRNAs for Fas, FasL and caspase-8, and for Bad, Bax, Bcl-w, Bcl-xL and caspase-9, for the FasL and the mitochondrial cytochrome-c pathways of apoptosis, respectively, and mRNA for the effector caspase-3 were quantified in lung tissues by RT-PCR. PTP and Src-PTK activities were also measured. RESULTS After 3 hours of allogeneic perfusion, we observed a significant increase in: 1) the number of apoptotic cells in lung sections, 2) mRNA levels of FasL, Bcl-xL, caspase-8 and caspase-3, and 3) PTP activity (P < 0.05 compared with isogeneic perfusion). Surprisingly, mRNA levels of the proapoptotic genes Bad and Bax were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). PTK activity and caspase-9 mRNA level were not affected. Blocking anti-E-selectin mAbs and inhibitors for PKC, PTP, and PTK resulted in a significant reduction of apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS In our model, the engagement of E-selectin induced by endothelial cell allogeneic activation appeared to be a prerequisite for lung apoptosis, which involved FasL and increase of PTP activity. Blockade of apoptosis with selective inhibitors may be a promising approach to the treatment/prevention of lung graft injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Joucher
- CNRS UMR 8078, IPSC, Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
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Min JK, Kim YM, Kim SW, Kwon MC, Kong YY, Hwang IK, Won MH, Rho J, Kwon YG. TNF-related activation-induced cytokine enhances leukocyte adhesiveness: induction of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 via TNF receptor-associated factor and protein kinase C-dependent NF-kappaB activation in endothelial cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 175:531-40. [PMID: 15972689 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.1.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a basic pathological mechanism leading to a variety of vascular diseases. The inflammatory reaction involves complex interactions between both circulating and resident leukocytes and the vascular endothelium. In this study, we report evidence for a novel action of TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE) as an inflammatory mediator and its underlying signaling mechanism in the vascular wall. TRANCE significantly increased endothelial-leukocyte cell interactions, and this effect was associated with increased expression of the cell adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, on the endothelial cells. RT-PCR analysis and promoter assays revealed that expression of these cell adhesion molecules was transcriptionally regulated mainly by activation of the inflammatory transcription factor, NF-kappaB. TRANCE induced IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation via a cascade of reactions involving the TNFR-associated factors, phospholipase C, PI3K, and protein kinase C (PKC-alpha and PKC-zeta). It also led to the production of reactive oxygen species via PKC- and PI3K-dependent activation of NADPH oxidase in the endothelial cells, and antioxidants suppressed the responses to TRANCE. These results demonstrate that TRANCE has an inflammatory action and may play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ki Min
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kawanami D, Maemura K, Takeda N, Harada T, Nojiri T, Saito T, Manabe I, Imai Y, Nagai R. C-reactive protein induces VCAM-1 gene expression through NF-kappaB activation in vascular endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 2005; 185:39-46. [PMID: 16002075 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2004] [Revised: 01/04/2005] [Accepted: 01/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that C-reactive protein (CRP) is not just a predictor of cardiovascular events but also acts directly as a proinflammatory stimulus in vascular cells. In this report, we studied the molecular mechanisms underlying vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) induction by CRP. CRP-induced VCAM-1 mRNA expression and this induction was inhibited by protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In addition, parthenolide, a nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) inhibitor, abolished VCAM-1 induction. Moreover, CRP increased VCAM-1 promoter activity, indicating that CRP induces VCAM-1 mRNA expression at the transcriptional level. Mutation of NF-kappaB-binding sites resulted in a loss of induction. Finally, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay confirmed binding of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB to kappaB-binding sites. Taken together, our findings suggest that VCAM-1 induction by CRP is mediated by PKC, p38MAPK, tyrosine kinase and the NF-kappaB-dependent signaling pathways in vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiji Kawanami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Yamada T, Doi M, Miura A, Harada W, Hiramura M, Minoura K, Tanaka R, Numata A. Absolute stereostructures of cell-adhesion inhibitors, peribysins A, E, F and G, produced by a sea hare-derived Periconia sp. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2005; 58:185-91. [PMID: 15895526 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2005.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Peribysins E-G (1-3) have been isolated from a strain of Periconia byssoides originally separated from the sea hare Aplysia kurodai. Their absolute stereostructures have been elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses using 1D and 2D NMR techniques and some chemical transformations. In addition, the absolute configuration of peribysin A (4), previously undetermined, has been established by conversion to 2 and 3. All these metabolites inhibited the adhesion of human-leukemia HL-60 cells to HUVEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamada
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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30
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VandenBerg E, Reid MD, Edwards JD, Davis HW. The role of the cytoskeleton in cellular adhesion molecule expression in tumor necrosis factor-stimulated endothelial cells. J Cell Biochem 2005; 91:926-37. [PMID: 15034928 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte infiltration is a hallmark of the atherosclerotic lesion. These cells are captured by cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs), including vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM), and E-selectin, on endothelial cells (EC). We examined the role of the actin cytoskeleton in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced translocation of CAMs to the cell surface. Human aortic EC were grown on 96-well plates and an ELISA was used to assess surface expression of the CAMs. TNF-alpha increased VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin by 4 h but had no affect on the expression of PECAM. A functioning actin cytoskeleton was important for VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression as both cytochalasin D, an actin filament disruptor, and jasplakinolide, an actin filament stabilizer, attenuated the expression of these CAMs. These compounds were ineffective in altering E-selectin surface expression. Myosin light chains are phosphorylated in response to TNF-alpha and this appears to be regulated by Rho kinase instead of myosin light chain kinase. However, the Rho kinase inhibitor, Y27632, had no affect on TNF-alpha-induced CAM expression. ML-7, a myosin light chain kinase inhibitor, had a modest inhibitory effect on the translocation of VCAM-1 but not on ICAM-1 or E-selectin. These data suggest that the surface expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 is dependent on cycling of the actin cytoskeleton. Nevertheless, modulation of actin filaments via myosin light chain phosphorylation is not necessary. The regulation of E-selectin surface expression differs from that of the other CAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth VandenBerg
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0558, USA
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Liu D, Homan LL, Dillon JS. Genistein acutely stimulates nitric oxide synthesis in vascular endothelial cells by a cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate-dependent mechanism. Endocrinology 2004; 145:5532-9. [PMID: 15319357 DOI: 10.1210/en.2004-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Genistein may improve vascular function, but the mechanism of this effect is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that genistein directly regulates vascular function through stimulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthesis. Genistein activated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in intact bovine aortic endothelial cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells over an incubation period of 10 min. The maximal eNOS activity was at 1 microm genistein. Consistent with this activation pattern, 1 microm genistein maximally stimulated the phosphorylation of eNOS at serine 1179 at 10 min of incubation. The rapid activation of eNOS by genistein was not dependent on RNA transcription or new protein synthesis and was not blocked by a specific estrogen receptor antagonist. In addition, inhibition of MAPK or phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase/Akt kinase had no affect on eNOS activation by genistein. Furthermore, the genistein effect on eNOS was also independent of tyrosine kinase inhibition. However, inhibition of cAMP-dependent kinase [protein kinase A (PKA)] by H89 completely abolished the genistein-stimulated eNOS activation and phosphorylation, suggesting that genistein acted through a PKA-dependent pathway. These findings demonstrated that genistein had direct nongenomic effects on eNOS activity in vascular endothelial cells, leading to eNOS activation and nitric oxide synthesis. These effects were mediated by PKA and were unrelated to an estrogenic effect. This cellular mechanism may underlie some of the cardiovascular protective effects proposed for soy phytoestrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52246, USA
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Deuse T, Schrepfer S, Schäfer H, Koch-Nolte F, Schwedhelm E, Böger RH, Reichenspurner H. FK778 Attenuates Lymphocyte-Endothelium Interaction After Cardiac Transplantation: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies. Transplantation 2004; 78:71-7. [PMID: 15257041 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000128629.53843.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The malononitrilamide FK778 is a novel derivate of leflunomide and interacts with T- and B-cell function by inhibiting de novo pyrimidine synthesis. We investigated the effects of FK778 upon acute cardiac allograft rejection and upon adhesion molecule upregulation in experimental transplantation and by using in vitro cell culture. METHODS Heterotopic, abdominal cardiac transplantations were performed in the Brown Norway (BN) to Lewis (Lew) rat model. The study groups received daily low- or high-dose FK778 immunosuppression. FK778 plasma levels were quantified by HPLC. Grafts were harvested on the fifth postoperative day for histologic and immunohistologic examinations using computerized morphometry. Purified BN aortic endothelial cell cultures were pretreated with low- or high-dose FK778 according to FK778 plasma levels and were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Adhesion molecule expression was quantified by immunofluorescence, FACS analysis, and Western blotting. Lymphocyte-endothelium adhesion assays were performed using purified Lew lymphocytes and radiolabeled TNF-alpha was used for receptor binding assays. RESULTS FK778 treatment dose-dependently reduced graft mononuclear infiltration of CD4(+), CD8(+), and ED1(+) cells, but only high-dose FK778 treatment significantly reduced early upregulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in vivo. FK778 also dose-dependently reduced TNF-alpha-stimulated endothelial adhesion molecule upregulation in vitro, whereas the effect on VCAM-1 was more dominant. We did not find evidence that FK778 interferes with surface receptor binding of TNF-alpha. Lymphocyte adhesion to endothelial cell monolayers was significantly attenuated by FK778. CONCLUSION Besides its inhibitory effect on pyrimidine synthesis, FK778 directly reduces endothelial adhesion molecule upregulation and attenuates lymphocyte-endothelium interaction, which is a critical step in graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Deuse
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Nooteboom A, van der Linden CJ, Hendriks T. Modulation of adhesion molecule expression on endothelial cells after induction by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated whole blood. Scand J Immunol 2004; 59:440-8. [PMID: 15140053 DOI: 10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The relative contribution of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1 beta and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pathways that result in endothelial activation during sepsis are not fully understood. We have examined the effects of plasma obtained from LPS-treated human whole blood on the expression of E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on human endothelial cells. Stimulation of blood with 10 pg/ml of LPS is sufficient to produce plasma that induces E-selectin and ICAM-1 expression, while direct induction by LPS alone requires a 100-fold higher concentration. Characteristics for the plasma-induced adhesion molecule expression were similar to the LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in blood. A complete inhibition of E-selectin and ICAM-1 expression was observed when antibodies against TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta were added to plasma prior to the incubation to endothelial cultures. Significant inhibition was even observed if antibodies were added to the cultures up until 3 h after LPS-conditioned plasma. The plasma-induced adhesion molecule response could also be prevented with inhibitors of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, such as pyrollidine dithiocarbamate. These findings emphasize the central role of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in LPS-induced endothelial activation and suggest that simultaneous neutralization of these cytokines or their common pathways may, even after the initial stimulus, prevent endothelial response during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nooteboom
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Shimamura K, Takashiro Y, Akiyama N, Hirabayashi T, Murayama T. Expression of adhesion molecules by sphingosine 1-phosphate and histamine in endothelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 486:141-50. [PMID: 14975703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2003.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2003] [Accepted: 12/10/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate and histamine on the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin, and their signaling pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Sphingosine 1-phosphate increased the mRNA and protein level of VCAM-1, and the mRNAs of E-selectin and ICAM-1. The effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate were inhibited by the pertussis toxin and the respective inhibitors (10 microM 1-[6-[[(17beta)-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl]amino]hexyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (U73122) for phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C; 10 microM 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)-1H-imidazole (SB203580) for p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); 1 microM 12-(2-cyanoethyl)-6,7,12,13-tetrahydro-13-methyl-5-oxo-5H-indolo(2,3-a)pyrrolo(3,4-c)-carbazole (Gö6976) for the alpha form of protein kinase C (PKC-alpha)), but not by a PKC-delta inhibitor (1 microM rottlerin). Histamine, which alone showed no effect, enhanced the sphingosine 1-phosphate-induced expressions via histamine H(1) receptor. The histamine response decreased by U73122 and rottlerin, but not by SB203580 and Gö6976. The effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate with and without histamine were abolished by the higher concentrations of PKC inhibitors and in the PKC-depleted cells. Sphingosine 1-phosphate and histamine alone stimulated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C-dependent but not in a PKCs-independent manner. These findings suggest that sphingosine 1-phosphate-induced expression of adhesion molecules was mediated by phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C and preferentially by PKC-alpha and p38 MAPK, and the histamine response was mediated by phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C and PKC-delta in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Shimamura
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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Yamada T, Iritani M, Minoura K, Kawai K, Numata A. Peribysins A–D, potent cell-adhesion inhibitors from a sea hare-derived culture of Periconia species. Org Biomol Chem 2004; 2:2131-5. [PMID: 15254642 DOI: 10.1039/b404459b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peribysins A-D 1-4, including a new type of furanofuran, have been isolated from a strain of Periconia byssoides originally separated from the sea hare Aplysia kurodai, and their relative stereostructures have been elucidated on the basis of NMR spectral analyses. All these metabolites potently inhibited the adhesion of human-leukemia HL-60 cells to HUVEC. The activity of compound 4, exhibiting the most potent inhibitory activity, was 380 times as potent as herbimycin A (standard).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamada
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1, Nasahara, Takatsuki,Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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Ren DC, Du GH, Zhang JT. Inhibitory effect of the water-soluble extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza on neutrophil-endothelial adhesion. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 2002; 90:276-80. [PMID: 12499583 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.90.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the water-soluble extract (WSE) of Salvia miltiorrhiza on neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion was investigated. Cell adhesion was evaluated by testing neutrophil myeloperoxidase activity: expression of adhesion molecules in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was measured by ELISA: the neutrophil activation rate induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) was tested by the method of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction. The results showed that the adhesion rate of neutrophils to unstimulated HUVEC was very low. TNFalpha (50 - 800 U/ml) increased the adhesion of neutrophils to TNFalpha-stimulated HUVEC in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The WSE of Salvia miltiorrhiza (0.01 - 1 mg/ml) dose-dependently inhibited the adhesion of neutrophils. The inhibitory rate of the WSE of Salvia miltiorrhiza at 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/ml was 6.2%, 17.0% and 28.0%, respectively. fMLP (10(-9) - 10(-5) M) increased the activation rate of neutrophils concentration-dependently. The WSE of Salvia miltiorrhiza also concentration-dependently inhibited the adhesion of fMLP-activated neutrophils to HUVEC. The inhibitory rate of the WSE of Salvia miltiorrhiza at 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 mg/ml was 5.3%, 26.3% and 28.9%, respectively. Moreover, TNFalpha upregulated expression of adhesion molecule E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. The WSE of Salvia miltiorrhiza had an inhibitory effect on TNF alpha-induced expression of these molecules. These results indicated that the WSE of Salvia miltiorrhiza inhibited neutrophil-endothelial adhesion. The action mechanism of the WSE of Salvia miltiorrhiza was partly related to suppressing the expression of adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Cheng Ren
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
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Lee KH, Cho HJ, Kim HS, Lee WJ, Lee S, Bang D. Activation of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells stimulated by anti-endothelial cell antibodies in sera of patients with Behçet's disease. J Dermatol Sci 2002; 30:63-72. [PMID: 12354421 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-1811(02)00062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECA) have been detected in the sera of patients with Behçet's disease (BD). The isotype of AECA from BD is IgM recognizing 44 kDa antigen (IgM-AECA) of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC). After stimulation of HDMEC with AECA-positive sera from BD patients, the expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on HDMEC increases significantly. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is one of protein kinase families activated by a wide spectrum of extracellular stimuli. There are several subtypes, including extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, c-Jun NH(2) terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 cascades, and they regulate various cellular processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and inflammation. We examined the involvement of MAPK as a signal transduction pathway in the IgM-AECA-induced ICAM-1 expression. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) for detecting the induction of ICAM-1 on HDMEC. We also examined the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) or interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) by HDMEC after stimulation with IgM-AECA, and checked the involvement of MAPK by Western blot assay. IgM-AECA cocktail from 8 patients with BD induced expression of the ICAM-1 on HDMEC. Neither TNFalpha nor IL-1alpha was detected by ELISA, FACS or reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in activated HDMEC cultures. IgM-AECA cocktail activated ERK1/2 and showed peak activities at 5 min after the stimulation. Specific MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor PD98059 inhibited IgM-AECA-induced ERK1/2 activities and ICAM-1 expression on HDMEC at a concentration of 60 microM. IgM-AECA can play a pathogenic role in induction of vasculitis and inflammatory lesions of BD by directly activating endothelial cells, not by production of TNFalpha or IL-1alpha from HDMEC. ERK1/2 are involved in expression of ICAM-1 on HDMEC stimulated with IgM-AECA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, C.P.O. Box 8044, Seoul, South Korea
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Papapetropoulos A, Andreopoulos S, Go CY, Hoque A, Fuchs LC, Catravas JD. Regulation of the nitric oxide synthase-nitric oxide-cGMP pathway in rat mesenteric endothelial cells. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2001; 91:2553-60. [PMID: 11717218 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2001.91.6.2553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the available data on the nitric oxide (NO) pathway in the vasculature is derived from studies performed with cells isolated from conduit arteries. We investigated the expression and regulation of components of the NO synthase (NOS)-NO-cGMP pathway in endothelial cells from the mesenteric vascular bed. Basally, or in response to bradykinin, cultured mesenteric endothelial cells (MEC) do not release NO and do not express endothelial NOS protein. MEC treated with cytokines, but not untreated cells, express inducible NOS (iNOS) mRNA and protein, increase nitrite release, and stimulate cGMP accumulation in reporter smooth muscle cells. Pretreatment of MEC with genistein abolished the cytokine-induced iNOS expression. On the other hand, exposure of MEC to the microtubule depolymerizing agent colchicine did not affect the cytokine-induced increase in nitrite formation and iNOS protein expression, whereas it inhibited the induction of iNOS in smooth muscle cells. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that MEC do not express endothelial NOS but respond to inflammatory stimuli by expressing iNOS, a process that is blocked by tyrosine kinase inhibition but not by microtubule depolymerization.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/cytology
- Aorta/metabolism
- Bradykinin/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Colchicine/pharmacology
- Cyclic GMP/metabolism
- Cytokines/pharmacology
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
- Nitrites/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Rats, Wistar
- Splanchnic Circulation/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Papapetropoulos
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Zapolska-Downar D, Zapolski-Downar A, Markiewski M, Ciechanowicz A, Kaczmarczyk M, Naruszewicz M. Selective inhibition by probucol of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in human vascular endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 2001; 155:123-30. [PMID: 11223433 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)00553-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An early event in atherogenesis is the adhesion of monocytes to endothelium via adhesion molecules, such as VCAM-1 and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). It has been suggested that VCAM-1 plays a very important role in the recruitment of monocytes in atherosclerosis. Probucol is a potent inhibitor of atherosclerosis in animal models. However, the mechanism of its antiatherogenic effect is poorly understood. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether probucol can influence the expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules and endothelial adhesiveness. The study was performed on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). HUVEC were pretreated with probucol (50 microM) at different time periods before stimulation with TNFalpha (100 U ml(-1)) or IL-1beta (100 U ml(-1)). The protein expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 was measured by flow cytometry. VCAM-1 mRNA expression was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). Probucol time dependently reduced agonist-induced VCAM-1 ( approximately 45%, 48 h) surface protein and mRNA expression ( approximately 40%, 48 h) in HUVEC, but not ICAM-1 surface protein expression. Decreased VCAM-1 expression was associated with reduction ( approximately 40%) of adherence between cytokine-stimulated HUVEC and peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBMC). Our results suggest that the antiatherogenic effect of probucol may, in part, be due to a downregulation of VCAM-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zapolska-Downar
- Regional Center for Atherosclerosis Research, Pomeranian Academy of Medicine, al. Powstancow Wlkp. 72, 70111, Szczecin, Poland
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Montecinos VP, Aguayo C, Flores C, Wyatt AW, Pearson JD, Mann GE, Sobrevia L. Regulation of adenosine transport by D-glucose in human fetal endothelial cells: involvement of nitric oxide, protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase. J Physiol 2000; 529 Pt 3:777-90. [PMID: 11118505 PMCID: PMC2270237 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.00777.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of elevated D-glucose on adenosine transport were investigated in human cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells isolated from normal pregnancies. Elevated D-glucose resulted in a time- (8-12 h) and concentration-dependent (half-maximal at 10+/-2 mM) inhibition of adenosine transport, which was associated with a reduction in the Vmax for nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR)-sensitive (es) saturable nucleoside with no significant change in Km. d-Fructose (25 mM), 2-deoxy-D-glucose (25 mM) or D-mannitol (20 mM) had no effect on adenosine transport. Adenosine transport was inhibited following incubation of cells with the protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 100 nM, 30 min to 24 h). D-Glucose-induced inhibition of transport was abolished by calphostin C (100 nM, an inhibitor of PKC), and was not further reduced by PMA. Increased PKC activity in the membrane (particulate) fraction of endothelial cells exposed to D-glucose or PMA was blocked by calphostin C but was unaffected by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 100 microM, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)) or PD-98059 (10 microM, an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1). D-Glucose and PMA increased endothelial NOS (eNOS) activity, which was prevented by calphostin C or omission of extracellular Ca2+ and unaffected by PD-98059. Adenosine transport was inhibited by S-nitroso-N-acetyl-l, d-penicillamine (SNAP; 100 microM, an NO donor) but was increased in cells incubated with L-NAME. The effect of SNAP on adenosine transport was abolished by PD-98059. Phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases p44mapk (ERK1) and p42mapk (ERK2) was increased in endothelial cells exposed to elevated D-glucose (25 mM for 30 min to 24 h) and the NO donor SNAP (100 microM, 30 min). The effect of D-glucose was blocked by PD-98059 or L-NAME, which also prevented the inhibition of adenosine transport mediated by elevated D-glucose. Our findings provide evidence that D-glucose inhibits adenosine transport in human fetal endothelial cells by a mechanism that involves activation of PKC, leading to increased NO levels and p42-p44mapk phosphorylation. Thus, the biological actions of adenosine appear to be altered under conditions of sustained hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Montecinos
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, PO Box 160-C, Concepcion, Chile
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41
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Defazio G, Livrea P, Giorelli M, Martino D, Roselli F, Ricchiuti F, Trojano M. Interferon beta-1a downregulates TNFalpha-induced intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression on brain microvascular endothelial cells through a tyrosine kinase-dependent pathway. Brain Res 2000; 881:227-30. [PMID: 11036165 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
TNFalpha (100 U/ml, 24 h) upregulated intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) expression on brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMEC) culture. The tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitor genestein (100 microgram/ml), the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor staurosporin (1 nM), and interferon (IF) beta-1a (1000 U/ml) antagonized TNFalpha effect. When an ineffective dose of IFbeta-1a (100 U/ml) was challenged with ineffective doses of either genestein (10 microgram/ml) or staurosporin (0.1 nM), the combination IFbeta-1a-genestein significantly reduced TNFalpha-induced ICAM1 expression whereas IFbeta-1a-staurosporin did not. These findings indicate that a TK- rather than a PKC-dependent mechanism is involved in the modulation of TNFalpha response by IFbeta-1a on BMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Defazio
- Department of Neurologic and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Bari, I-70124, Bari, Italy.
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Martin KR, Wu D, Meydani M. The effect of carotenoids on the expression of cell surface adhesion molecules and binding of monocytes to human aortic endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 2000; 150:265-74. [PMID: 10856518 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(99)00375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several large epidemiological studies have shown a correlation between elevated plasma carotenoid levels and decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). One proposed mechanism for the beneficial effect of carotenoids is through functional modulation of potentially atherogenic processes associated with the vascular endothelium. To test this, we incubated confluent human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) cultures (passages 4-8) for 24 h with each of the five most prevalent carotenoids in human plasma, which are alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and lycopene, at an approximate concentration of 1 micromol/l. Carotenoids were solubilized in 0.7% (v/v) tetrahydrofuran and incorporated into FBS before adding to cell culture medium. Due to disparate solubilities in aqueous medium, final concentrations of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and lycopene were 1.7, 1.1, 0.7, 0.9, and 0.3 micromol/l and monolayers accumulated 647, 158, 7, 113, and 9 pmol/mg protein, respectively. Monolayers were then stimulated with IL-1beta (5 ng/ml) for 6 h with subsequent determination of cell surface expression of adhesion molecules as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To assess endothelial cell adhesion to monocytes, IL-1beta-stimulated monolayers were incubated for 10 min with 51Cr-labeled U937 monocytic cells and adhesion determined by isotope counting. Pre-incubation of HAEC with beta-carotene, lutein and lycopene significantly reduced VCAM-1 expression by 29, 28, and 13%, respectively. Pre-incubation with beta-carotene and lutein significantly reduced E-selectin expression by 38 and 34%, respectively. Pre-treatment with beta-carotene, lutein and lycopene significantly reduced the expression of ICAM-1 by 11, 14, and 18%, respectively. While other carotenoids were ineffective, lycopene attenuated both IL-1beta-stimulated and spontaneous HAEC adhesion to U937 monocytic cells by 20 and 25%, respectively. Thus, among the carotenoids, lycopene appears to be most effective in reducing both HAEC adhesion to monocytes and expression of adhesion molecules on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Martin
- Vascular Biology Program, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, 02111, Boston, MA, USA
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43
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DiCorleto PE. Protein tyrosine phosphatases in the vessel wall: counterpoint to the tyrosine kinases. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 20:1179-81. [PMID: 10807729 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.20.5.1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Schawalder A, Oertli B, Beck-Schimmer B, Wüthrich RP. Regulation of hyaluronan-stimulated VCAM-1 expression in murine renal tubular epithelial cells. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1999; 14:2130-6. [PMID: 10489221 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/14.9.2130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines stimulate the expression of the adhesion molecule VCAM-1 in renal tubular epithelial cells. We have recently shown that VCAM-1 can also be upregulated by low molecular weight breakdown products of the matrix constituent hyaluronan (HA) (J Immunol 1998; 161: 3431-3437). The mechanisms of VCAM-I expression in response to HA remain to be defined. METHODS Using a defined mouse cortical tubular (MCT) cell line we investigated the effect of protein kinase C (PKC) and tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibition on the HA-stimulated VCAM-1 expression by cell ELISA and RT PCR or Northern blotting. Furthermore, we examined the effect of PKC and TK inhibition on NF-kappaB. RESULTS We found that the PKC inhibitor GF109203X (acting on conventional, novel and atypical isoforms) inhibited the HA-stimulated VCAM-1 expression in MCT cells dose-dependently up to 90%, whereas chelerythrine (acting on conventional and novel isoforms) had no effect. Downregulation of PKC with PMA did not prevent the HA-stimulated VCAM-1 expression, suggesting that Ca2+- and diacylglycerol-independent (atypical) isoforms of PKC are involved. The TK inhibitor genistein also inhibited the HA-stimulated VCAM-1 expression at the mRNA and protein level up to 70%. Interestingly, the HA-stimulated nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB could not be prevented with GF109203X and genistein. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that the HA-stimulated VCAM-1 expression in MCT cells involves PKC and TK pathways. The absence of an effect of PKC and TK inhibitors on the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB suggests that additional transcription factors are involved for VCAM-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schawalder
- Physiological Institute, University of Zürich-Irchel, Switzerland
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45
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Horváthová M, Jahnová E, Gazdík F. Effect of selenium supplementation in asthmatic subjects on the expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules in culture. Biol Trace Elem Res 1999; 69:15-26. [PMID: 10383096 DOI: 10.1007/bf02783912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells play a major role in immunologic reactions, in which cellular adhesion molecules P-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and ELAM-1 are important mediators in the recruitment of leukocytes in pulmonary inflammation. Selenium (Se) is known to modulate immunological mechanisms of asthma. The aim of our investigation was to examine whether Se supplementation in cortico-dependent asthmatic patients may modulate adhesion molecule expression in cultured endothelium. Our findings indicated that P-selectin, VCAM-1, and ELAM-1 expression on human umbilical vein endothelial cells stimulated with peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from asthmatics before supplementation with Se was significantly higher than from healthy donors (p < 0.05). The production of ICAM-1 showed only slight augmentation. The levels of VCAM-1 and ELAM-1 expression were significantly decreased after 3 mo of Se supplementation (p < 0.05). After 6 mo of intervention period the intensity of P-selectin and ICAM-1 expression was also significantly reduced (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The inhibitory effect of Se on the adhesion molecule expression was studied in cultured endothelial cells after interferon-gamma stimulation. Our data suggest that Se affects the expression of P-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and ELAM-1 in a dose-dependent manner and the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations were 3.4, 0.5, 4, and 3.8 microg/mL, respectively. The maximal inhibitions (greater than 80%) were observed in vitro with 10 microg/mL Se (p < 0.01). Regulation of adhesion molecule expression may be an important mechanism through which the inflammation may be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Horváthová
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Preventive and Clinical Medicine, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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46
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Wójciak-Stothard B, Williams L, Ridley AJ. Monocyte adhesion and spreading on human endothelial cells is dependent on Rho-regulated receptor clustering. J Cell Biol 1999; 145:1293-307. [PMID: 10366600 PMCID: PMC2133155 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.145.6.1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The GTPase Rho is known to mediate the assembly of integrin-containing focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. Here, we investigate the role of Rho in regulating the distribution of the monocyte-binding receptors E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in human endothelial cells. Inhibition of Rho activity with C3 transferase or N19RhoA, a dominant negative RhoA mutant, reduced the adhesion of monocytes to activated endothelial cells and inhibited their spreading. Similar effects were observed after pretreatment of endothelial cells with cytochalasin D. In contrast, dominant negative Rac and Cdc42 proteins did not affect monocyte adhesion or spreading. C3 transferase and cytochalasin D did not alter the expression levels of monocyte-binding receptors on endothelial cells, but did inhibit clustering of E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 on the cell surface induced by monocyte adhesion or cross-linking antibodies. Similarly, N19RhoA inhibited receptor clustering. Monocyte adhesion and receptor cross-linking induced stress fiber assembly, and inhibitors of myosin light chain kinase prevented this response but did not affect receptor clustering. Finally, receptor clusters colocalized with ezrin/moesin/ radixin proteins. These results suggest that Rho is required in endothelial cells for the assembly of stable adhesions with monocytes via the clustering of monocyte-binding receptors and their association with the actin cytoskeleton, independent of stress fiber formation.
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Kalaria RN. Cerebral endothelial activation and signal transduction mechanisms during inflammation and infectious disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 1999; 154:1311-4. [PMID: 10329582 PMCID: PMC1866610 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R N Kalaria
- Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Department of Psychiatry and the Institute for Health of the Elderly, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom.
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Sheski FD, Natarajan V, Pottratz ST. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulates attachment of small cell lung carcinoma to endothelial cells. THE JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE 1999; 133:265-73. [PMID: 10072259 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2143(99)90083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cell attachment to endothelial cells (ECs) is an important step in the metastasis of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) stimulation of ECs increases the attachment of some malignant cell types to ECs by affecting the expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Similarly, the inhibition of EC protein kinase C (PKC) and tyrosine kinase (TK) pathways modulates TNF-alpha-mediated effects on CAM expression. We hypothesized that TNF-alpha would increase SCLC attachment to ECs by affecting CAM expression through activation of PKC and TK pathways. To test this hypothesis, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated with TNF-alpha (0 to 500 U/mL) for variable time periods (1 to 24 hours), and the attachment of H82 cells (an SCLC cell line) to the HUVECs was quantified. TNF-alpha stimulation of the HUVECs increased H82 attachment from 28.1% +/- 1.6% to 48.8% +/- 1.7% (P < .05). Preincubation of HUVECs with the PKC inhibitors bis-indolylmaleimide (BIN) or calphostin C or the TK inhibitors genistein or herbimycin A (HMA) blocked the TNF-alpha-induced increase in H82 cell attachment. The addition of antibodies to vitronectin (Vn) or beta1-integrin to TNF-alpha-activated HUVECs before the addition of the H82 cells also significantly decreased H82 attachment, whereas the addition of antibodies to E-selectin, P-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), sialyl-Lewis(x), fibronectin (Fn), alpha(v)-integrin, alpha3-integrin, alpha4-integrin, or alpha5-integrin had no effect on SCLC attachment. In summary, the TNF-alpha-mediated increase in SCLC attachment to ECs appears to be mediated by the activation of EC PKC and TK pathways as well as through effects on the function or expression of EC Vn and beta1 integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Sheski
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
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Sliskovic DR, Krause BR, Bocan TM. Chapter 10. Atherosclerosis: Emerging Pharmacological Approaches. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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Abstract
The progression of atherosclerosis is currently believed to involve the interaction of monocytes with the vascular endothelium. Within the last decade, the cell-surface proteins thought to control these interactions have been investigated. This review seeks to describe the nature of these interactions through what are known as adhesion molecules and their role in atherogenesis. It begins with the stages of atherogenesis from the movement of the monocyte to the endothelium, followed by the migration of smooth muscle cells from the media to the intima, and subsequently to the later stages of fibrofatty plaque formation and potential complications due to thrombosis and/or plaque fissure and embolism. The different structural classifications of the adhesion molecules, such as integrins, cadherins, selectins, and members of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily, are outlined, and interaction of binding domains are highlighted. The vascular endothelium and the basic role of adhesion molecules in dysfunction are considered. Discussion of the role of adhesion molecules in atherogenesis focuses on interactions of the endothelium, monocytes, and leukocytes, as well as the influences of cytokines, oxidized low-density lipoproteins, and genetic determinants. Finally, epidemiological risk factors associated with atherosclerosis such as hypertension and dyslipidemia are considered in light of their effects on adhesion molecule expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Chia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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