1
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Picard LP, Orazietti A, Tran DP, Tucs A, Hagimoto S, Qi Z, Huang SK, Tsuda K, Kitao A, Sljoka A, Prosser RS. Balancing G protein selectivity and efficacy in the adenosine A 2A receptor. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01682-6. [PMID: 39085516 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) engages several G proteins, notably Go and its cognate Gs protein. This coupling promiscuity is facilitated by a dynamic ensemble, revealed by 19F nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of A2AR and G protein. Two transmembrane helix 6 (TM6) activation states, formerly associated with partial and full agonism, accommodate the differing volumes of Gs and Go. While nucleotide depletion biases TM7 toward a fully active state in A2AR-Gs, A2AR-Go is characterized by a dynamic inactive/intermediate fraction. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the NPxxY motif, a highly conserved switch, establishes a unique configuration in the A2AR-Go complex, failing to stabilize the helix-8 interface with Gs, and adoption of the active state. The resulting TM7 dynamics hamper G protein coupling, suggesting kinetic gating may be responsible for reduced efficacy in the noncognate G protein complex. Thus, dual TM6 activation states enable greater diversity of coupling partners while TM7 dynamics dictate coupling efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Philippe Picard
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga (UTM), Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Duy Phuoc Tran
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrejs Tucs
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
- Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sari Hagimoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhenzhou Qi
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga (UTM), Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shuya Kate Huang
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga (UTM), Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Koji Tsuda
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
- Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Kitao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Adnan Sljoka
- Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Scott Prosser
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga (UTM), Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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2
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Ham D, Shihoya W, Nureki O, Inoue A, Chung KY. Molecular mechanism of the endothelin receptor type B interactions with Gs, Gi, and Gq. Structure 2024:S0969-2126(24)00238-7. [PMID: 39043181 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2024.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The endothelin receptor type B (ETB) exhibits promiscuous coupling with various heterotrimeric G protein subtypes including Gs, Gi/o, Gq/11, and G12/13. Recent fluorescence and structural studies have raised questions regarding the coupling efficiencies and determinants of these G protein subtypes. Herein, by utilizing an integrative approach, combining hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and NanoLuc Binary Technology-based cellular systems, we investigated conformational changes of Gs, Gi, and Gq triggered by ETB activation. ETB coupled to Gi and Gq but not with Gs. We underscored the critical roles of specific regions, including the C terminus of Gα and intracellular loop 2 (ICL2) of ETB in ETB-Gi1 or ETB-Gq coupling. Although The C terminus of Gα is essential for ETB-Gi1 and ETB-Gq coupling, ETB ICL2 influences Gq-coupling but not Gi1-coupling. Our results suggest a differential coupling efficiency of ETB with Gs, Gi1, and Gq, accompanied by distinct conformational changes in G proteins upon ETB-induced activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghee Ham
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Wataru Shihoya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bumkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Osamu Nureki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bumkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimo-Adachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Ka Young Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Guo J, Zhou YL, Yang Y, Guo S, You E, Xie X, Jiang Y, Mao C, Xu HE, Zhang Y. Structural basis of tethered agonism and G protein coupling of protease-activated receptors. Cell Res 2024:10.1038/s41422-024-00997-2. [PMID: 38997424 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-024-00997-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are a unique group within the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily, orchestrating cellular responses to extracellular proteases via enzymatic cleavage, which triggers intracellular signaling pathways. Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is a key member of this family and is recognized as a critical pharmacological target for managing thrombotic disorders. In this study, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of PAR1 in its activated state, induced by its natural tethered agonist (TA), in complex with two distinct downstream proteins, the Gq and Gi heterotrimers, respectively. The TA peptide is positioned within a surface pocket, prompting PAR1 activation through notable conformational shifts. Contrary to the typical receptor activation that involves the outward movement of transmembrane helix 6 (TM6), PAR1 activation is characterized by the simultaneous downward shift of TM6 and TM7, coupled with the rotation of a group of aromatic residues. This results in the displacement of an intracellular anion, creating space for downstream G protein binding. Our findings delineate the TA recognition pattern and highlight a distinct role of the second extracellular loop in forming β-sheets with TA within the PAR family, a feature not observed in other TA-activated receptors. Moreover, the nuanced differences in the interactions between intracellular loops 2/3 and the Gα subunit of different G proteins are crucial for determining the specificity of G protein coupling. These insights contribute to our understanding of the ligand binding and activation mechanisms of PARs, illuminating the basis for PAR1's versatility in G protein coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Center for Structural Pharmacology and Therapeutics Development, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Li Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yixin Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shimeng Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Erli You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyou Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Center for Structural Pharmacology and Therapeutics Development, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - H Eric Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Center for Structural Pharmacology and Therapeutics Development, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Harikumar KG, Zhao P, Cary BP, Xu X, Desai AJ, Dong M, Mobbs JI, Toufaily C, Furness SGB, Christopoulos A, Belousoff MJ, Wootten D, Sexton PM, Miller LJ. Cholesterol-dependent dynamic changes in the conformation of the type 1 cholecystokinin receptor affect ligand binding and G protein coupling. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002673. [PMID: 39083706 PMCID: PMC11290853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Development of optimal therapeutics for disease states that can be associated with increased membrane cholesterol requires better molecular understanding of lipid modulation of the drug target. Type 1 cholecystokinin receptor (CCK1R) agonist actions are affected by increased membrane cholesterol, enhancing ligand binding and reducing calcium signaling, while agonist actions of the closely related CCK2R are not. In this work, we identified a set of chimeric human CCK1R/CCK2R mutations that exchange the cholesterol sensitivity of these 2 receptors, providing powerful tools when expressed in CHO and HEK-293 model cell lines to explore mechanisms. Static, low energy, high-resolution structures of the mutant CCK1R constructs, stabilized in complex with G protein, were not substantially different, suggesting that alterations to receptor dynamics were key to altered function. We reveal that cholesterol-dependent dynamic changes in the conformation of the helical bundle of CCK receptors affects both ligand binding at the extracellular surface and G protein coupling at the cytosolic surface, as well as their interrelationships involved in stimulus-response coupling. This provides an ideal setting for potential allosteric modulators to correct the negative impact of membrane cholesterol on CCK1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleeckal G. Harikumar
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Peishen Zhao
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Brian P. Cary
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Xiaomeng Xu
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Aditya J. Desai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Maoqing Dong
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jesse I. Mobbs
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Chirine Toufaily
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Sebastian G. B. Furness
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Belousoff
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Laurence J. Miller
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
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5
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Suno R. Exploring Diverse Signaling Mechanisms of G Protein-Coupled Receptors through Structural Biology. J Biochem 2024; 175:357-365. [PMID: 38382646 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in structural biology have facilitated the elucidation of complexes involving G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their associated signal transducers, including G proteins and arrestins. A comprehensive analysis of these structures provides profound insights into the dynamics of signaling mechanisms. These structural revelations can potentially guide the development of drugs to minimize side effects through targeted and selective signaling. Understanding the binding modes of different signal-selective ligands is imperative for future drug research and development. Here, we conduct a comparative examination of the structural details of various GPCR-signal transducer complexes and delve into the molecular basis of the currently proposed signal selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Suno
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Japan
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6
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Ham D, Inoue A, Xu J, Du Y, Chung KY. Molecular mechanism of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 interaction with Gq. Commun Biol 2024; 7:362. [PMID: 38521872 PMCID: PMC10960872 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 (M3) and its downstream effector Gq/11 are critical drug development targets due to their involvement in physiopathological processes. Although the structure of the M3-miniGq complex was recently published, the lack of information on the intracellular loop 3 (ICL3) of M3 and extensive modification of Gαq impedes the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of M3-Gq coupling under more physiological condition. Here, we describe the molecular mechanism underlying the dynamic interactions between full-length wild-type M3 and Gq using hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and NanoLuc Binary Technology-based cell systems. We propose a detailed analysis of M3-Gq coupling through examination of previously well-defined binding interfaces and neglected regions. Our findings suggest potential binding interfaces between M3 and Gq in pre-assembled and functionally active complexes. Furthermore, M3 ICL3 negatively affected M3-Gq coupling, and the Gαq AHD underwent unique conformational changes during M3-Gq coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghee Ham
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Jun Xu
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yang Du
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Futian Biomedical Innovation R&D Center, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ka Young Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Cheng Y, Zhu H, Ren J, Wu HY, Yu JE, Jin LY, Pang HY, Pan HT, Luo SS, Yan J, Dong KX, Ye LY, Zhou CL, Pan JX, Meng ZX, Yu T, Jin L, Lin XH, Wu YT, Yang HB, Liu XM, Sheng JZ, Ding GL, Huang HF. Follicle-stimulating hormone orchestrates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion of pancreatic islets. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6991. [PMID: 37914684 PMCID: PMC10620214 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is involved in mammalian reproduction via binding to FSH receptor (FSHR). However, several studies have found that FSH and FSHR play important roles in extragonadal tissue. Here, we identified the expression of FSHR in human and mouse pancreatic islet β-cells. Blocking FSH signaling by Fshr knock-out led to impaired glucose tolerance owing to decreased insulin secretion, while high FSH levels caused insufficient insulin secretion as well. In vitro, we found that FSH orchestrated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in a bell curve manner. Mechanistically, FSH primarily activates Gαs via FSHR, promoting the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) and calcium pathways to stimulate GSIS, whereas high FSH levels could activate Gαi to inhibit the cAMP/PKA pathway and the amplified effect on GSIS. Our results reveal the role of FSH in regulating pancreatic islet insulin secretion and provide avenues for future clinical investigation and therapeutic strategies for postmenopausal diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cheng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-En Yu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Yang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Yan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Tao Pan
- Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, China
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Si Luo
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Dong
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Long-Yun Ye
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Liang Zhou
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Xue Pan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo-Xian Meng
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Jin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Hua Lin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Ting Wu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Bo Yang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Mei Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Sheng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China.
| | - Guo-Lian Ding
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - He-Feng Huang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China.
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8
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Osorio-Perez RM, Rodríguez-Manzo G, Espinosa-Riquer ZP, Cruz SL, González-Espinosa C. Endocannabinoid modulation of allergic responses: Focus on the control of FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151324. [PMID: 37236045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic reactions are highly prevalent pathologies initiated by the production of IgE antibodies against harmless antigens (allergens) and the activation of the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) expressed in the surface of basophils and mast cells (MCs). Research on the mechanisms of negative control of those exacerbated inflammatory reactions has been intense in recent years. Endocannabinoids (eCBs) show important regulatory effects on MC-mediated immune responses, mainly inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. However, the description of the molecular mechanisms involved in eCB control of MC activation is far from complete. In this review, we aim to summarize the available information regarding the role of eCBs in the modulation of FcεRI-dependent activation of that cell type, emphasizing the description of the eCB system and the existence of some of its elements in MCs. Unique characteristics of the eCB system and cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) localization and signaling in MCs are mentioned. The described and putative points of cross-talk between CBRs and FcεRI signaling cascades are also presented. Finally, we discuss some important considerations in the study of the effects of eCBs in MCs and the perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubi Monserrat Osorio-Perez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-Manzo
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zyanya P Espinosa-Riquer
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia L Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia González-Espinosa
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico.
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9
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Yang Y, Kang HJ, Gao R, Wang J, Han GW, DiBerto JF, Wu L, Tong J, Qu L, Wu Y, Pileski R, Li X, Zhang XC, Zhao S, Kenakin T, Wang Q, Stevens RC, Peng W, Roth BL, Rao Z, Liu ZJ. Structural insights into the human niacin receptor HCA2-G i signalling complex. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1692. [PMID: 36973264 PMCID: PMC10043007 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37177-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2) agonist niacin has been used as treatment for dyslipidemia for several decades albeit with skin flushing as a common side-effect in treated individuals. Extensive efforts have been made to identify HCA2 targeting lipid lowering agents with fewer adverse effects, despite little being known about the molecular basis of HCA2 mediated signalling. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the HCA2-Gi signalling complex with the potent agonist MK-6892, along with crystal structures of HCA2 in inactive state. These structures, together with comprehensive pharmacological analysis, reveal the ligand binding mode and activation and signalling mechanisms of HCA2. This study elucidates the structural determinants essential for HCA2 mediated signalling and provides insights into ligand discovery for HCA2 and related receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hye Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, and NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ruogu Gao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Gye Won Han
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Jeffrey F DiBerto
- Department of Pharmacology, and NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Lijie Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jiahui Tong
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Lu Qu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yiran Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ryan Pileski
- Department of Pharmacology, and NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xuemei Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuejun Cai Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Suwen Zhao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Terry Kenakin
- Department of Pharmacology, and NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Quan Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | | | - Wei Peng
- Innovation Center for Pathogen Research, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510320, China.
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, and NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.
| | - Zihe Rao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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10
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Rokeby ACE, Natale BV, Natale DRC. Cannabinoids and the placenta: Receptors, signaling and outcomes. Placenta 2023; 135:51-61. [PMID: 36965349 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis use during pregnancy is increasing. The improvement of pregnancy-related symptoms including morning sickness and management of mood and stress are among the most reported reasons for its use. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the most abundant cannabinoids found within the cannabis flower. The concentration of these components has drastically increased in the past 20 years. Additionally, many edibles contain only one cannabinoid and are marketed to achieve a specific goal, meaning there are an increasing number of pregnancies that are exposed to isolated cannabinoids. Both Δ9-THC and CBD cross the placenta and can impact the fetus directly, but the receptors through which cannabinoids act are also expressed throughout the placenta, suggesting that the effects of in-utero cannabinoid exposure may include indirect effects from the placenta. In-utero cannabis research focuses on short and long-term fetal health and development; however, these studies include little to no placenta analysis. Prenatal cannabinoid exposure is linked to small for gestational age and fetal growth-restricted babies. Compromised placental development is also associated with fetal growth restriction and the few studies (clinical and animal models) that included placental analysis, identify changes in placental vasculature and function in these cannabinoid-exposed pregnancies. In vitro studies further support cannabinoid impact on cell function in the different populations that comprise the placenta. In this article, we aim to summarize how phytocannabinoids can impact placental development and function. Specifically, the cannabinoids and their actions at the different receptors are described, with receptor localization throughout the human and murine placenta discussed. Findings from studies that included placental analysis and how cannabinoid signaling may modulate critical developmental processing including cell proliferation, angiogenesis and migration are described. Considering the current research, prenatal cannabinoid exposure may significantly impact placental development, and, as such, identifying windows of placental vulnerability for each cannabinoid will be critical to elucidate the etiology of fetal outcome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey C E Rokeby
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bryony V Natale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - David R C Natale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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11
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Molecular basis for the selective G protein signaling of somatostatin receptors. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:133-140. [PMID: 36138141 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) modulate every aspect of physiological functions mainly through activating heterotrimeric G proteins. A majority of GPCRs promiscuously couple to multiple G protein subtypes. Here we validate that in addition to the well-known Gi/o pathway, somatostatin receptor 2 and 5 (SSTR2 and SSTR5) couple to the Gq/11 pathway and show that smaller ligands preferentially activate the Gi/o pathway. We further determined cryo-electron microscopy structures of the SSTR2‒Go and SSTR2‒Gq complexes bound to octreotide and SST-14. Structural and functional analysis revealed that G protein selectivity of SSTRs is not only determined by structural elements in the receptor-G protein interface, but also by the conformation of the agonist-binding pocket. Accordingly, smaller ligands fail to stabilize a broader agonist-binding pocket of SSTRs that is required for efficient Gq/11 coupling but not Gi/o coupling. Our studies facilitate the design of drugs with selective G protein signaling to improve therapeutic efficacy.
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12
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Suno R, Sugita Y, Morimoto K, Takazaki H, Tsujimoto H, Hirose M, Suno-Ikeda C, Nomura N, Hino T, Inoue A, Iwasaki K, Kato T, Iwata S, Kobayashi T. Structural insights into the G protein selectivity revealed by the human EP3-G i signaling complex. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111323. [PMID: 36103815 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin receptors have been implicated in a wide range of functions, including inflammation, immune response, reproduction, and cancer. Our group has previously determined the crystal structure of the active-like EP3 bound to its endogenous agonist, prostaglandin E2. Here, we present the single-particle cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the human EP3-Gi signaling complex at a resolution of 3.4 Å. The structure reveals the binding mode of Gi to EP3 and the structural changes induced in EP3 by Gi binding. In addition, we compare the structure of the EP3-Gi complex with other subtypes of prostaglandin receptors (EP2 and EP4) bound to Gs that have been previously reported and examine the differences in amino acid composition at the receptor-G protein interface. Mutational analysis reveals that the selectivity of the G protein depends on specific amino acid residues in the second intracellular loop and TM5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Suno
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan.
| | - Yukihiko Sugita
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazushi Morimoto
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroko Takazaki
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsujimoto
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mika Hirose
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chiyo Suno-Ikeda
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan
| | - Norimichi Nomura
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hino
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kenji Iwasaki
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kato
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - So Iwata
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takuya Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
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13
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Zhang LY, Kim AY, Cheer JF. Regulation of glutamate homeostasis in the nucleus accumbens by astrocytic CB1 receptors and its role in cocaine-motivated behaviors. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 3:100022. [PMID: 36419922 PMCID: PMC9681119 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1Rs) orchestrate brain reward circuitry and are prevalent neurobiological targets for endocannabinoids and cannabis in the mammalian brain. Decades of histological and electrophysiological studies have established CB1R as presynaptic G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) that inhibit neurotransmitter release through retrograde signaling mechanisms. Recent seminal work demonstrates CB1R expression on astrocytes and the pivotal function of glial cells in endocannabinoid-mediated modulation of neuron-astrocyte signaling. Here, we review key facets of CB1R-mediated astroglia regulation of synaptic glutamate transmission in the nucleus accumbens with a specific emphasis on cocaine-directed behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Andrew Y. Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Joseph F. Cheer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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14
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López-Canales OA, Pavón N, Ubaldo-Reyes LM, Juárez-Oropeza MA, Torres-Durán PV, Regla I, Paredes-Carbajal MC. Characterization of hypotensive and vasorelaxant effects of PHAR-DBH-Me a new cannabinoid receptor agonist. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 26:77-86. [PMID: 35203058 PMCID: PMC8890940 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2022.26.2.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The effect of PHAR-DBH-Me, a cannabinoid receptor agonist, on different cardiovascular responses in adult male rats was analyzed. The blood pressure was measured directly and indirectly. The coronary flow was measured by Langendorff preparation, and vasomotor responses induced by PHAR-DBH-Me in aortic rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine (PHEN) were analyzed. The intravenous injection of the compound PHAR-DBH-Me (0.018–185 µg/kg) resulted in decreased blood pressure; maximum effect was observed at the dose of 1,850 µg/kg. A concentration-dependent increase in the coronary flow was observed in a Langendorff preparation. In the aortic rings, with and without endothelium, pre-contracted with PHEN (10–6 M), the addition of PHAR-DBH-Me to the superfusion solution (10–12–10–5 M), produced a vasodilator response, which depends on the concentration and presence of the endothelium. L-NAME inhibited these effects. Addition of CB1 receptor antagonist (AM 251) did not modify the response, while CB2 receptor antagonist (AM630) decreased the potency of relaxation elicited by PHAR-DBH-Me. Indomethacin shifted the curve concentration-response to the left and produced an increase in the magnitude of the maximum endothelium dependent response to this compound. The maximum effect of PHAR-DBH-Me was observed with the concentration of 10–5 M. These results show that PHAR-DBH-Me has a concentration-dependent and endothelium-dependent vasodilator effect through CB2 receptor. This vasodilation is probably mediated by the synthesis/release of NO. On the other hand, it is suggested that PHAR-DBH-Me also induces the release of a vasoconstrictor prostanoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Alberto López-Canales
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Natalia Pavón
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Laura Matilde Ubaldo-Reyes
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Juárez-Oropeza
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Ignacio Regla
- Drug Synthesis Laboratory, UMIEZ, Zaragoza School of Higher Education, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
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15
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Chen X, Chen L, Wang Y, Shu C, Zhou Y, Wu R, Jin B, Yang L, Sun J, Qi M, Shu J. Identification and characterization of novel compound heterozygous variants in FSHR causing primary ovarian insufficiency with resistant ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1013894. [PMID: 36704038 PMCID: PMC9871476 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1013894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is among the foremost causes of women infertility due to premature partial or total loss of ovarian function. Resistant ovary syndrome (ROS) is a subtype of POI manifested as normal ovarian reserve but insensitive to gonadotropin stimulation. Inactivating variants of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), a class A G-protein coupled receptor, have been associated with POI and are inherited via an autosomal recessive pattern. In this study, we investigated the genetic causes of a primary infertility patient manifested as POI with ROS, and elucidated the structural and functional impact of variants of uncertain significance. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) combined with Sanger sequencing revealed novel compound heterozygous FSHR variants: c.1384G>C/p.Ala462Pro and c.1862C>T/p.Ala621Val, inherited from her father and mother, respectively. The two altered amino acid sequences, localized in the third and seventh transmembrane helix of FSHR, were predicted as deleterious by in silico prediction. In vitro experiments revealed that the p.Ala462Pro variant resulted in barely detectable levels of intracellular signaling both in cAMP-dependent CRE-reporter activity and ERK activation and displayed a severely reduced plasma membrane receptor expression. In contrast, the p.Ala621Val variant resulted in partial loss of receptor activation without disruption of cell surface expression. In conclusion, two unreported inactivating FSHR variants potentially responsible for POI with ROS were first identified. This study expands the current phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopan Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Shu, ; Xiaopan Chen,
| | - Linjie Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chongyi Shu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yier Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruifang Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bihui Jin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leixiang Yang
- Department of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Sun
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ming Qi
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Shu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Shu, ; Xiaopan Chen,
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16
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Mannekote Thippaiah S, Iyengar SS, Vinod KY. Exo- and Endo-cannabinoids in Depressive and Suicidal Behaviors. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:636228. [PMID: 33967855 PMCID: PMC8102729 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.636228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis (marijuana) has been known to humans for thousands of years but its neurophysiological effects were sparsely understood until recently. Preclinical and clinical studies in the past two decades have indisputably supported the clinical proposition that the endocannabinoid system plays an important role in the etiopathogeneses of many neuropsychiatric disorders, including mood and addictive disorders. In this review, we discuss the existing knowledge of exo- and endo-cannabinoids, and role of the endocannabinoid system in depressive and suicidal behavior. A dysfunction in this system, located in brain regions such as prefrontal cortex and limbic structures is implicated in mood regulation, impulsivity and decision-making, may increase the risk of negative mood and cognition as well as suicidality. The literature discussed here also suggests that the endocannabinoid system may be a viable target for treatments of these neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinagesh Mannekote Thippaiah
- Valleywise Behavioral Health, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Sloka S Iyengar
- The American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, United States
| | - K Yaragudri Vinod
- Department of Analytical Psychopharmacology, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States.,Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States.,Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
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17
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Touma AM, Malik RU, Gupte T, Sivaramakrishnan S. Allosteric modulation of adenosine A1 and cannabinoid 1 receptor signaling by G-peptides. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00673. [PMID: 33124765 PMCID: PMC7596666 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
While allosteric modulation of GPCR signaling has gained prominence to address the need for receptor specificity, efforts have mainly focused on allosteric sites adjacent to the orthosteric ligand-binding pocket and lipophilic molecules that target transmembrane helices. In this study, we examined the allosteric influence of native peptides derived from the C-terminus of the Gα subunit (G-peptides) on signaling from two Gi-coupled receptors, adenosine A1 receptor (A1 R) and cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1 ). We expressed A1 R and CB1 fusions with G-peptides derived from Gαs, Gαi, and Gαq in HEK 293 cells using systematic protein affinity strength modulation (SPASM) and monitored the impact on downstream signaling in the cell compared to a construct lacking G-peptides. We used agonists N6 -Cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) and 5'-N-Ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) for A1 R and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and WIN 55,212-2 mesylate (WN) for CB1 . G-peptides derived from Gαi and Gαq enhance agonist-dependent cAMP inhibition, demonstrating their effect as positive allosteric modulators of Gi-coupled signaling. In contrast, both G-peptides suppress agonist-dependent IP1 levels suggesting that they differentially function as negative allosteric modulators of Gq-coupled signaling. Taken together with our previous studies on Gs-coupled receptors, this study provides an extended model for the allosteric effects of G-peptides on GPCR signaling, and highlights their potential as probe molecules to enhance receptor specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja M. Touma
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and DevelopmentUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Rabia U. Malik
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and DevelopmentUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Tejas Gupte
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and DevelopmentUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
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18
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Patel M, Finlay DB, Glass M. Biased agonism at the cannabinoid receptors - Evidence from synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists. Cell Signal 2020; 78:109865. [PMID: 33259937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The type 1 and type 2 cannabinoid receptors are G protein-coupled receptors implicated in a variety of physiological processes and diseases. Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) were originally developed to explore the therapeutic benefits of cannabinoid receptor activation, although more recently, these compounds have been diverted to the recreational drug market and are increasingly associated with incidences of toxicity. A prominent concept in contemporary pharmacology is functional selectivity or biased agonism, which describes the ability of ligands to elicit differential activation of signalling pathways through stabilisation of distinct receptor conformations. Biased agonists may maximise drug effectiveness by reducing on-target adverse effects if they are mediated by signalling pathways distinct from those that drive the therapeutic effects. For the cannabinoid receptors, it remains unclear as to which signalling pathways mediate desirable and adverse effects. However, given their structural diversity and potential to induce a plethora of signalling effects, SCRAs provide the most promising prospect for detecting and studying bias at the cannabinoid receptors. This review summarises the emerging evidence of SCRA bias at the cannabinoid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David B Finlay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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19
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Seltzer ES, Watters AK, MacKenzie D, Granat LM, Zhang D. Cannabidiol (CBD) as a Promising Anti-Cancer Drug. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3203. [PMID: 33143283 PMCID: PMC7693730 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), have been the subject of intensive research and heavy scrutiny. Cannabinoids encompass a wide array of organic molecules, including those that are physiologically produced in humans, synthesized in laboratories, and extracted primarily from the Cannabis sativa plant. These organic molecules share similarities in their chemical structures as well as in their protein binding profiles. However, pronounced differences do exist in their mechanisms of action and clinical applications, which will be briefly compared and contrasted in this review. The mechanism of action of CBD and its potential applications in cancer therapy will be the major focus of this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S. Seltzer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA; (E.S.S.); (A.K.W.); (D.M.J.)
| | - Andrea K. Watters
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA; (E.S.S.); (A.K.W.); (D.M.J.)
| | - Danny MacKenzie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA; (E.S.S.); (A.K.W.); (D.M.J.)
| | - Lauren M. Granat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA; (E.S.S.); (A.K.W.); (D.M.J.)
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20
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Haspula D, Clark MA. Cannabinoid Receptors: An Update on Cell Signaling, Pathophysiological Roles and Therapeutic Opportunities in Neurological, Cardiovascular, and Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7693. [PMID: 33080916 PMCID: PMC7590033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of the human cannabinoid receptors and their roles in health and disease, has been one of the most significant biochemical and pharmacological advancements to have occurred in the past few decades. In spite of the major strides made in furthering endocannabinoid research, therapeutic exploitation of the endocannabinoid system has often been a challenging task. An impaired endocannabinoid tone often manifests as changes in expression and/or functions of type 1 and/or type 2 cannabinoid receptors. It becomes important to understand how alterations in cannabinoid receptor cellular signaling can lead to disruptions in major physiological and biological functions, as they are often associated with the pathogenesis of several neurological, cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases. This review focusses mostly on the pathophysiological roles of type 1 and type 2 cannabinoid receptors, and it attempts to integrate both cellular and physiological functions of the cannabinoid receptors. Apart from an updated review of pre-clinical and clinical studies, the adequacy/inadequacy of cannabinoid-based therapeutics in various pathological conditions is also highlighted. Finally, alternative strategies to modulate endocannabinoid tone, and future directions are also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanush Haspula
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Michelle A. Clark
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
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21
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Wang J, Hua T, Liu ZJ. Structural features of activated GPCR signaling complexes. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2020; 63:82-89. [PMID: 32485565 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) couple to diverse heterotrimeric G protein subtypes and then activate downstream signaling pathways in classical GPCR activation. It has also been found that GPCRs transduce signals through different regulatory proteins, such as arrestins. Recently, owing to the breakthroughs in cryo-electron macroscopy (Cryo-EM), numerous structures of GPCR-G protein or GPCR-arrestin complexes have been deciphered. In this review, we summarize most of reported GPCR signaling complex structures, with an emphasis on the structural features of rhodopsin-like GPCR activation and G protein-binding/arrestin-binding modes, to illustrate the activation and signaling mechanism of rhodopsin-like GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Tian Hua
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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22
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Ye L, Cao Z, Wang W, Zhou N. New Insights in Cannabinoid Receptor Structure and Signaling. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2020; 12:239-248. [PMID: 30767756 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666190215112036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabinoid has long been used for medicinal purposes. Cannabinoid signaling has been considered the therapeutic target for treating pain, addiction, obesity, inflammation, and other diseases. Recent studies have suggested that in addition to CB1 and CB2, there are non-CB1 and non-CB2 cannabinoid-related orphan GPCRs including GPR18, GPR55, and GPR119. In addition, CB1 and CB2 display allosteric binding and biased signaling, revealing correlations between biased signaling and functional outcomes. Interestingly, new investigations have indicated that CB1 is functionally present within the mitochondria of striated and heart muscles directly regulating intramitochondrial signaling and respiration. CONCLUSION In this review, we summarize the recent progress in cannabinoid-related orphan GPCRs, CB1/CB2 structure, Gi/Gs coupling, allosteric ligands and biased signaling, and mitochondria-localized CB1, and discuss the future promise of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Ye
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Naiming Zhou
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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23
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Hua T, Li X, Wu L, Iliopoulos-Tsoutsouvas C, Wang Y, Wu M, Shen L, Brust CA, Nikas SP, Song F, Song X, Yuan S, Sun Q, Wu Y, Jiang S, Grim TW, Benchama O, Stahl EL, Zvonok N, Zhao S, Bohn LM, Makriyannis A, Liu ZJ. Activation and Signaling Mechanism Revealed by Cannabinoid Receptor-G i Complex Structures. Cell 2020; 180:655-665.e18. [PMID: 32004463 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human endocannabinoid systems modulate multiple physiological processes mainly through the activation of cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. Their high sequence similarity, low agonist selectivity, and lack of activation and G protein-coupling knowledge have hindered the development of therapeutic applications. Importantly, missing structural information has significantly held back the development of promising CB2-selective agonist drugs for treating inflammatory and neuropathic pain without the psychoactivity of CB1. Here, we report the cryoelectron microscopy structures of synthetic cannabinoid-bound CB2 and CB1 in complex with Gi, as well as agonist-bound CB2 crystal structure. Of important scientific and therapeutic benefit, our results reveal a diverse activation and signaling mechanism, the structural basis of CB2-selective agonists design, and the unexpected interaction of cholesterol with CB1, suggestive of its endogenous allosteric modulating role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Hua
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Xiaoting Li
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lijie Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | | | - Yuxia Wang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Meng Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ling Shen
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Christina A Brust
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Spyros P Nikas
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Feng Song
- School of Life Science, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiyong Song
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shuguang Yuan
- The Research Center for Computer-aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yiran Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Travis W Grim
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Othman Benchama
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edward L Stahl
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Nikolai Zvonok
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Suwen Zhao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Laura M Bohn
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China.
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24
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Maeda S, Qu Q, Robertson MJ, Skiniotis G, Kobilka BK. Structures of the M1 and M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor/G-protein complexes. Science 2019; 364:552-557. [PMID: 31073061 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw5188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that respond to acetylcholine and play important signaling roles in the nervous system. There are five muscarinic receptor subtypes (M1R to M5R), which, despite sharing a high degree of sequence identity in the transmembrane region, couple to different heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) to transmit signals. M1R, M3R, and M5R couple to the Gq/ 11 family, whereas M2R and M4R couple to the Gi/ o family. Here, we present and compare the cryo-electron microscopy structures of M1R in complex with G11 and M2R in complex with GoA The M1R-G11 complex exhibits distinct features, including an extended transmembrane helix 5 and carboxyl-terminal receptor tail that interacts with G protein. Detailed analysis of these structures provides a framework for understanding the molecular determinants of G-protein coupling selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Maeda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Qianhui Qu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Robertson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Georgios Skiniotis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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25
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López-Ramírez G, Sánchez-Zavaleta R, Ávalos-Fuentes A, José Sierra J, Paz-Bermúdez F, Leyva-Gómez G, Segovia Vila J, Cortés H, Florán B. D 2 autoreceptor switches CB 2 receptor effects on [ 3 H]-dopamine release in the striatum. Synapse 2019; 74:e22139. [PMID: 31610050 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CB2 receptors (CB2 R) are expressed in midbrain neurons. To evidence the control of dopamine release in dorsal striatum by CB2 R, we performed experiments of [3 H]-dopamine release in dorsal striatal slices. We found a paradoxical increase in K+ -induced [3 H]-dopamine release by CB2 R activation with GW 833972A and JWH 133 two selective agonist. To understand the mechanism involved, we tested for a role of the D2 autoreceptor in this effect; because in pallidal structures, the inhibitory effect of CB1 receptors (CB1 R) on GABA release is switched to a stimulatory effect by D2 receptors (D2 R). We found that the blockade of D2 autoreceptors with sulpiride prevented the stimulatory effect of CB2 R activation; in fact, under this condition, CB2 R decreased dopamine release, indicating the role of the D2 autoreceptor in the paradoxical increase. We also found that the effect occurs in nigrostriatal terminals, since lesions with 6-OH dopamine in the middle forebrain bundle prevented CB2 R effects on release. In addition, D2 -CB2 R interaction promoted cAMP accumulation, and the increase in [3 H]-dopamine release was prevented by PKA blockade. D2 -CB2 R coprecipitation and proximity ligation assay studies indicated a close interaction of receptors that could participate in the observed effects. Finally, intrastriatal injection of CB2 R agonist induced contralateral turning in amphetamine-treated rats, which was prevented by sulpiride, indicating the role of the interaction in motor behavior. Thus, these data indicate that the D2 autoreceptor switches, from inhibitory to stimulatory, the CB2 R effects on dopamine release, involving the cAMP → PKA pathway in nigrostriatal terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel López-Ramírez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Sánchez-Zavaleta
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Arturo Ávalos-Fuentes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan José Sierra
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Francisco Paz-Bermúdez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Segovia Vila
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Hernán Cortés
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Florán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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26
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Seyedabadi M, Ghahremani MH, Albert PR. Biased signaling of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs): Molecular determinants of GPCR/transducer selectivity and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 200:148-178. [PMID: 31075355 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) convey signals across membranes via interaction with G proteins. Originally, an individual GPCR was thought to signal through one G protein family, comprising cognate G proteins that mediate canonical receptor signaling. However, several deviations from canonical signaling pathways for GPCRs have been described. It is now clear that GPCRs can engage with multiple G proteins and the line between cognate and non-cognate signaling is increasingly blurred. Furthermore, GPCRs couple to non-G protein transducers, including β-arrestins or other scaffold proteins, to initiate additional signaling cascades. Receptor/transducer selectivity is dictated by agonist-induced receptor conformations as well as by collateral factors. In particular, ligands stabilize distinct receptor conformations to preferentially activate certain pathways, designated 'biased signaling'. In this regard, receptor sequence alignment and mutagenesis have helped to identify key receptor domains for receptor/transducer specificity. Furthermore, molecular structures of GPCRs bound to different ligands or transducers have provided detailed insights into mechanisms of coupling selectivity. However, receptor dimerization, compartmentalization, and trafficking, receptor-transducer-effector stoichiometry, and ligand residence and exposure times can each affect GPCR coupling. Extrinsic factors including cell type or assay conditions can also influence receptor signaling. Understanding these factors may lead to the development of improved biased ligands with the potential to enhance therapeutic benefit, while minimizing adverse effects. In this review, evidence for ligand-specific GPCR signaling toward different transducers or pathways is elaborated. Furthermore, molecular determinants of biased signaling toward these pathways and relevant examples of the potential clinical benefits and pitfalls of biased ligands are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Seyedabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Education Development Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | - Paul R Albert
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience, University of Ottawa, Canada.
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27
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Audet M, Stevens RC. Emerging structural biology of lipid G protein-coupled receptors. Protein Sci 2019; 28:292-304. [PMID: 30239054 PMCID: PMC6319753 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The first crystal structure of a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) was that of the bovine rhodopsin, solved in 2000, and is a light receptor within retina rode cells that enables vision by transducing a conformational signal from the light-induced isomerization of retinal covalently bound to the receptor. More than 7 years after this initial discovery and following more than 20 years of technological developments in GPCR expression, stabilization, and crystallography, the high-resolution structure of the adrenaline binding β2 -adrenergic receptor, a ligand diffusible receptor, was discovered. Since then, high-resolution structures of more than 53 unique GPCRs have been determined leading to a significant improvement in our understanding of the basic mechanisms of ligand-binding and ligand-mediated receptor activation that revolutionized the field of structural molecular pharmacology of GPCRs. Recently, several structures of eight unique lipid-binding receptors, one of the most difficult GPCR families to study, have been reported. This review presents the outstanding structural and pharmacological features that have emerged from these new lipid receptor structures. The impact of these findings goes beyond mechanistic insights, providing evidence of the fundamental role of GPCRs in the physiological integration of the lipid signaling system, and highlighting the importance of sustained research into the structural biology of GPCRs for the development of new therapeutics targeting lipid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Audet
- Departments of Biological Sciences and ChemistryBridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia90089
| | - Raymond C. Stevens
- Departments of Biological Sciences and ChemistryBridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia90089
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28
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Krishna Kumar K, Shalev-Benami M, Robertson MJ, Hu H, Banister SD, Hollingsworth SA, Latorraca NR, Kato HE, Hilger D, Maeda S, Weis WI, Farrens DL, Dror RO, Malhotra SV, Kobilka BK, Skiniotis G. Structure of a Signaling Cannabinoid Receptor 1-G Protein Complex. Cell 2019; 176:448-458.e12. [PMID: 30639101 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis elicits its mood-enhancing and analgesic effects through the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that signals primarily through the adenylyl cyclase-inhibiting heterotrimeric G protein Gi. Activation of CB1-Gi signaling pathways holds potential for treating a number of neurological disorders and is thus crucial to understand the mechanism of Gi activation by CB1. Here, we present the structure of the CB1-Gi signaling complex bound to the highly potent agonist MDMB-Fubinaca (FUB), a recently emerged illicit synthetic cannabinoid infused in street drugs that have been associated with numerous overdoses and fatalities. The structure illustrates how FUB stabilizes the receptor in an active state to facilitate nucleotide exchange in Gi. The results compose the structural framework to explain CB1 activation by different classes of ligands and provide insights into the G protein coupling and selectivity mechanisms adopted by the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaavya Krishna Kumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Moran Shalev-Benami
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael J Robertson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hongli Hu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Samuel D Banister
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Scott A Hollingsworth
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Naomi R Latorraca
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hideaki E Kato
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Hilger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shoji Maeda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - William I Weis
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Photon Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - David L Farrens
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Ron O Dror
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sanjay V Malhotra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Georgios Skiniotis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Photon Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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29
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Wang J, Miao Y. Recent advances in computational studies of GPCR-G protein interactions. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 116:397-419. [PMID: 31036298 PMCID: PMC6986689 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions are key in cellular signaling. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest superfamily of human membrane proteins, are able to transduce extracellular signals (e.g., hormones and neurotransmitters) to intracellular proteins, in particular the G proteins. Since GPCRs serve as primary targets of ~1/3 of currently marketed drugs, it is important to understand mechanisms of GPCR signaling in order to design selective and potent drug molecules. This chapter focuses on recent advances in computational studies of the GPCR-G protein interactions using bioinformatics, protein-protein docking and molecular dynamics simulation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinan Wang
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Yinglong Miao
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.
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30
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Angelats E, Requesens M, Aguinaga D, Kreutz MR, Franco R, Navarro G. Neuronal Calcium and cAMP Cross-Talk Mediated by Cannabinoid CB 1 Receptor and EF-Hand Calcium Sensor Interactions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:67. [PMID: 30073165 PMCID: PMC6060245 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are important players in neural development and function. They act via receptors, whose activation inhibits cAMP production. The aim of the paper was to look for calcium- and cAMP-signaling cross-talk mediated by cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1R) and to assess the relevance of EF-hand CaM-like calcium sensors in this regard. Using a heterologous expression system, we demonstrated that CB1R interacts with calneuron-1 and NCS1 but not with caldendrin. Furthermore, interaction motives were identified in both calcium binding proteins and the receptor, and we showed that the first two sensors competed for binding to the receptor in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Assays in neuronal primary cultures showed that, CB1R-NCS1 complexes predominate at basal Ca2+ levels, whereas in the presence of ionomycin, a calcium ionophore, CB1R-calneuron-1 complexes were more abundant. Signaling assays following forskolin-induced intracellular cAMP levels showed in mouse striatal neurons that binding of CB1R to NCS1 is required for CB1R-mediated signaling, while the binding of CB1R to calneuron-1 completely blocked Gi-mediated signaling in response to a selective receptor agonist, arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide. Calcium levels and interaction with calcium sensors may even lead to apparent Gs coupling after CB1R agonist challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Angelats
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Requesens
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Aguinaga
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Group "Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function", Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rafael Franco
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Gao ZG, Inoue A, Jacobson KA. On the G protein-coupling selectivity of the native A 2B adenosine receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 151:201-213. [PMID: 29225130 PMCID: PMC5899946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) activation induces Gs-dependent cyclic AMP accumulation. However, A2BAR G protein-coupling to other signaling events, e.g. ERK1/2 and calcium, is not well documented. We explored Gi, Gq/11 and Gs coupling in 1321 N1 astrocytoma, HEK293, and T24 bladder cancer cells endogenously expressing human A2BAR, using NECA or nonnucleoside BAY60-6583 as agonist, selective Gi, Gs and Gq/11 blockers, and CRISPR/Cas9-based Gq- and Gs-null HEK293 cells. In HEK293 cells, A2BAR-mediated ERK1/2 activity occurred via both Gi and Gs, but not Gq/11. However, HEK293 cell calcium mobilization was completely blocked by Gq/11 inhibitor UBO-QIC and by Gq/11 knockout. In T24 cells, Gi was solely responsible for A2BAR-mediated ERK1/2 stimulation, and Gs suppressed ERK1/2 activity. A2BAR-mediated intracellular calcium mobilization in T24 cells was mainly via Gi, although Gs may also play a role, but Gq/11 is not involved. In 1321 N1 astrocytoma cells A2BAR activation suppressed rather than stimulated ERK1/2 activity. The ERK1/2 activity decrease was reversed by Gs downregulation using cholera toxin, but potentiated by Gi inhibitor pertussis toxin, and UBO-QIC had no effect. EPACs played an important role in A2BAR-mediated ERK1/2 signaling in all three cells. Thus, A2BAR may: couple to the same downstream pathway via different G proteins in different cell types; activate different downstream events via different G proteins in the same cell type; activate Gi and Gs, which have opposing or synergistic roles in different cell types/signaling pathways. The findings, relevant to drug discovery, address some reported controversial roles of A2BAR and could apply to signaling mechanisms in other GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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CB 1 Receptors Mediated Inhibition of ATP-Induced [Ca 2+]i Increase in Cultured Rat Spinal Dorsal Horn Neurons. Neurochem Res 2017; 43:267-275. [PMID: 29127599 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) and purinergic P2X receptors (P2XR) play a critical role in the process of pathological pain. Both CB1R and P2XR are expressed in spinal dorsal horn (DH) neurons. It is not clear whether CB1 receptor activation modulates the function of P2X receptor channels within dorsal horn. For this reason, we observed the effect of CP55940 (cannabinoid receptor agonist) on ATP-induced Ca2+ mobilization in cultured rat DH neurons. The changes of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) were detected with confocal laser scanning microscopy using fluo-4/AM as a calcium fluorescent indicator. 100 μM ATP caused [Ca2+]i increase in cultured DH neurons. ATP-evoked [Ca2+]i increase in DH neurons was blocked by chelating extracellular Ca2+ and P2 purinoceptor antagonist PPADS. At the same time, ATP-γ-S (a non-hydrolyzable ATP analogue) mimicked the ATP action, while P2Y receptor agonist ADP failed to evoke [Ca2+]i increase in cultured DH neurons. These data suggest that ATP-induced [Ca2+]i elevation in cultured DH neurons is mediated by P2X receptor. Subsequently, we noticed that, in cultured rat DH neurons, ATP-induced Ca2+ mobilization was inhibited after pretreated with CP55940 with a concentration-dependent manner, which implies that the opening of P2X receptor channels are down-regulated by activation of cannabinoid receptor. The inhibitory effect of CP55940 on ATP-induced Ca2+ response was mimicked by ACEA (CB1R agonist), but was not influenced by AM1241 (CB2R agonist). Moreover, the inhibitory effect of CP55940 on ATP-induced Ca2+ mobilization was blocked by AM251 (CB1 receptor antagonist), but was not influenced by AM630 (CB2 receptor antagonist). In addition, we also observed that forskolin (an activator of adenylate cyclase) and 8-Br-cAMP (a cell-permeable cAMP analog) reversed the inhibitory effect of CP55940, respectively. In a summary, our observations raise a possibility that CB1R rather than CB2R can downregulate the opening of P2X receptor channels in DH neurons. The reduction of cAMP/PKA signaling is a key element in the inhibitory effect of CB1R on P2X-channel-induced Ca2+ mobilization.
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Gamage TF, Farquhar CE, Lefever TW, Thomas BF, Nguyen T, Zhang Y, Wiley JL. The great divide: Separation between in vitro and in vivo effects of PSNCBAM-based CB 1 receptor allosteric modulators. Neuropharmacology 2017; 125:365-375. [PMID: 28803965 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
While allosteric modulators of the cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1) continue to be developed and characterized, the gap between the in vitro and in vivo data is widening, raising questions regarding translatability of their effects and biological relevance. Among the CB1 allosteric modulators, PSNCBAM-1 has received little attention regarding its effects in vivo. Recently, pregnenolone was reported to act as an allosteric modulator of CB1, blocking THC's effects in vitro and in vivo, highlighting the potential of CB1 allosteric modulators for treatment of cannabis intoxication. We investigated the pharmacological effects of PSNCBAM-1 and two structural analogs, RTICBM-15 and -28, as well as pregnenolone, in both signaling and behavioral assays including [35S]GTPγS binding, the cannabinoid tetrad and drug discrimination. While the CB1 allosteric modulator PSNCBAM-1 attenuated THC-induced anti-nociception and its structural analog RTICBM-28 reduced THC's potency in drug discrimination, most cannabinoid effects in mice were unaffected. In contrast to the mouse studies, PSNCBAM-1 and analogs insurmountably antagonized CP55,940- and THC-stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding and exhibited negative binding cooperativity with [3H]SR141716 with similar apparent affinities. Notably, RTICBM-28, which contains a cyano substitution at the 4-chlorophenyl position of PSNCBAM-1, exhibited enhanced binding cooperativity with CP55,940. In contrast to previous findings, pregnenolone did not block THC's effects in drug discrimination or [35S]GTPγS. These data further highlight the difficulty in translating pharmacological effects of CB1 allosteric modulators in vivo but confirm the established pharmacology of PSNCBAM-1 and analogs in molecular assays of CB1 receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Gamage
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA.
| | - Charlotte E Farquhar
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA
| | - Timothy W Lefever
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA
| | - Brian F Thomas
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA
| | - Thuy Nguyen
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA
| | - Yanan Zhang
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA
| | - Jenny L Wiley
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA
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Abstract
An agonist that acts through a single receptor can activate numerous signaling pathways. Recent studies have suggested that different ligands can differentially activate these pathways by stabilizing a limited range of receptor conformations, which in turn preferentially drive different downstream signaling cascades. This concept, termed "biased signaling" represents an exciting therapeutic opportunity to target specific pathways that elicit only desired effects, while avoiding undesired effects mediated by different signaling cascades. The cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 each activate multiple pathways, and evidence is emerging for bias within these pathways. This review will summarize the current evidence for biased signaling through cannabinoid receptor subtypes CB1 and CB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Søes Ibsen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark Connor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2 Technology Place, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Priestley R, Glass M, Kendall D. Functional Selectivity at Cannabinoid Receptors. CANNABINOID PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 80:207-221. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gamage TF, Anderson JC, Abood ME. CB 1 allosteric modulator Org27569 is an antagonist/inverse agonist of ERK1/2 signaling. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2016; 1:272-280. [PMID: 28660254 PMCID: PMC5484173 DOI: 10.1089/can.2016.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Allosteric modulation of cannabinoid type-1 receptors (CB1) is a novel means through which signaling bias may be exerted. Org27569 remains the most-characterized CB1 allosteric modulator, yet there are conflicting reports regarding its effects on extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. We conducted a systematic evaluation of Org27569's effects on cannabinoid agonists and ERK signaling. Materials and Methods: HEK293 cells transfected with the human cannabinoid type-1 receptor (hCB1) were treated with Org27569 alone or in combination with the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), the synthetic cannabinoid CP55,940, or the phytocannabinoid delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and ERK activation was measured by western blot. Overnight treatment with pertussis toxin (PTX) was used to determine the role of Gi/o in Org27569's inverse agonist effects. HEK293 cells transfected with green fluorescent protein tagged rat CB1 receptor were used to assess effects of Org27569 on CP55,940-induced receptor internalization. Subcellular fractionation was used to determine effects of Org27569 on ERK phosphorylation in both nuclear and cytosolic compartments. Results: We found that Org27569 is an antagonist of hCB1-mediated ERK signaling in HEK293 cells where it fully blocks CP55,940-but does not completely inhibit THC- and 2-AG-stimulated ERK1/2 activation following 5 min treatment. In rat CB1 HEK293 cells, CP55,940 (1 μM) treatment produced a significant increase in puncta at 20, 40, 60, and 120 min, consistent with receptor internalization. Org27569 (10 μM) co-treatment prevented internalization at each time point and alone had no effect. Org27569 reduced basal ERK phosphorylation in hCB1 HEK293 cells but not in untransfected cells following 20 min treatment. Overnight treatment with PTX abated this response. Following subcellular fractionation, Org27569 produced a significant decrease in ERK phosphorylation in the nuclear-enriched and cytosolic fractions. Conclusions: These data are consistent with previous studies demonstrating that CB1-mediated ERK1/2 activation is Gi/o-dependent and that Org27569 is an inverse agonist of CB1 receptors. Abrogation of Org27569's ability to reduce basal ERK phosphorylation following treatment with PTX and lack of inverse agonist effects in untransfected HEK293 cells demonstrates that Org27569 acts via CB1-Gi/o to produce this effect. To our knowledge, this is the first reported demonstration of inverse agonism of ERK signaling by Org27569.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Gamage
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA. 19140
| | - Johnathon C Anderson
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA. 19140
| | - Mary E Abood
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA. 19140.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA. 19140
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37
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Caballero-Florán RN, Conde-Rojas I, Oviedo Chávez A, Cortes-Calleja H, Lopez-Santiago LF, Isom LL, Aceves J, Erlij D, Florán B. Cannabinoid-induced depression of synaptic transmission is switched to stimulation when dopaminergic tone is increased in the globus pallidus of the rodent. Neuropharmacology 2016; 110:407-418. [PMID: 27506997 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Because activation of D2 receptors reverses the neurochemical effects of cannabinoids, we examined whether increasing dopaminergic tone in the globus pallidus (GPe) switches cannabinoid induced depression of synaptic transmission. GABAergic synaptic currents evoked in pallidal neurons by stimulation of striatal projections (IPSCs) were depressed by perfusion with the CB1R agonist ACEA. Coactivation of D2Rs with quinpirole converted the depression into stimulation. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin (PTX) to limit Gi/o protein coupling also switched the CB1R-induced depression of IPSCs. The stimulation of IPSCs was blocked by the selective PKA blocker H89. Changes in the paired pulse ratio during both inhibitory and stimulatory responses indicate that the effects are due to changes in transmitter release. Postsynaptic depolarization induces endocannabinoid release that inhibits transmitter release (DSI). When D2Rs were activated with quinpirole, depolarization increased transmission instead of depressing it. This increase was blocked by AM251. We also examined the effects of CB1R/D2R coactivation on cAMP accumulation in the GPe to further verify that the AC/PKA cascade is involved. CB1R/D2R coactivation converted the inhibition of cAMP seen when each receptor is stimulated alone into a stimulation. We also determined the effects on turning behavior of unilateral injection of ACEA into the GPe of awake animals and its modification by dopamine antagonists. Blockade of D2 family receptors with sulpiride antagonized the motor effects of ACEA. We show, for the first time, that cannabinoid-inhibition of synaptic transmission in the GPe becomes a stimulation after D2Rs or PTX treatment and that the switch is probably relevant for the control of motor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Nahum Caballero-Florán
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Israel Conde-Rojas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | | | - Hernán Cortes-Calleja
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Department of Genetics, National Rehabilitation Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis F Lopez-Santiago
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lori L Isom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jorge Aceves
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - David Erlij
- Department of Physiology SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Benjamín Florán
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico.
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Lu B, Chen L, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Zhou N. Quantitative analysis of G-protein-coupled receptor internalization using DnaE intein-based assay. Methods Cell Biol 2016; 132:293-318. [PMID: 26928549 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of cell surface receptors, are involved in many physiological processes. They represent highly important therapeutic targets for drug discovery. Currently, there are numerous cell-based assays developed for the pharmacological profiling of GPCRs and the identification of novel agonists and antagonists. However, the development of new, faster, easier, and more cost-effective approaches to detect GPCR activity remains highly desirable. β-arrestin-dependent internalization has been demonstrated to be a common mechanism for most GPCRs. Here we describe a novel assay for quantitative analysis of GPCR internalization based on DnaE intein-mediated reconstitution of fragmented Renilla luciferase or Firefly luciferase when activated GPCRs interact with β-arrestin2 or Rab5. Further validation, using functionally divergent GPCRs, showed that EC50 values obtained for the known agonists and antagonists were in close agreement with the results of previous reports. This suggests that this assay is sensitive enough to permit quantification of GPCR internalization. Compared with conventional assays, this novel assay system is cost-effective, rapid, and easy to manipulate. These advantages may allow this assay to be used universally as a functional cell-based system for GPCR characterization and in the screening process of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linjie Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Naiming Zhou
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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39
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Signaling Mechanism of Cannabinoid Receptor-2 Activation-Induced β-Endorphin Release. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:3616-3625. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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40
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Mai P, Tian L, Yang L, Wang L, Yang L, Li L. Cannabinoid receptor 1 but not 2 mediates macrophage phagocytosis by G(α)i/o /RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1640-50. [PMID: 25545473 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is critical to macrophages linking innate and adaptive immune reaction. Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2) mediate immune modulation. However, the role of cannabinoid receptors in macrophage phagocytosis is undefined. In this study, we found that two murine macrophage lines (J774A.1 and RAW264.7) and peripheral blood macrophages all expressed CB1 and CB2 by immunofluorescence-staining, real time RT-PCR and Western blot. Macrophage phagocytic activity was determined by quantifying fluorescent intensity of the engulfed BioParticles or fluorescence-activated cell sorting. mAEA (CB1 agonist) enhanced phagocytosis of macrophages, but JWH133 (CB2 agonist) had no influence. Pharmacological or genetic ablation of CB1 inhibited mAEA-enhanced phagocytosis, while CB2 had no such effects. Meanwhile, activation of CB1 increased GTP-bounding active form of small GTPase RhoA, but not Rac1 or Cdc42. AM281 (CB1 antagonist) and pertussis toxin (PTX, G((α)i/o) protein inhibitor) decreased GTP-bound RhoA protein level with mAEA. In addition, PTX, C3 Transferase (RhoA inhibitor) or Y27632 (Rho-associated kinase ROCK inhibitor) attenuated CB1-mediated phagocytosis. These results confirm that activation of CB1 regulates macrophage phagocytosis through G((α)i/o)/RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Moreover, activation of CB1 induced significant up-regulation of CB1 expression by real time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, but not CB2. It indicated the existence of a positive feedback between CB1 activation and CB1 expression. The up-regulation of CB1 was RhoA-independent but it may contribute to maintaining high phagocytic activity of macrophages for a longer time. In conclusion, CB1 mediates macrophage phagocytosis by G((α)i/o)/RhoA/ROCK signal axis. These data further underline the role of CB1 in macrophage phagocytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Mai
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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41
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Shim JY, Ahn KH, Kendall DA. Molecular basis of cannabinoid CB1 receptor coupling to the G protein heterotrimer Gαiβγ: identification of key CB1 contacts with the C-terminal helix α5 of Gαi. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:32449-32465. [PMID: 24092756 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.489153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The cannabinoid (CB1) receptor is a member of the rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. The human CB1 receptor, which is among the most expressed receptors in the brain, has been implicated in several disease states, including drug addiction, anxiety, depression, obesity, and chronic pain. Different classes of CB1 agonists evoke signaling pathways through the activation of specific subtypes of G proteins. The molecular basis of CB1 receptor coupling to its cognate G protein is unknown. As a first step toward understanding CB1 receptor-mediated G protein signaling, we have constructed a ternary complex structural model of the CB1 receptor and Gi heterotrimer (CB1-Gi), guided by the x-ray structure of β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) in complex with Gs (β2AR-Gs), through 824-ns duration molecular dynamics simulations in a fully hydrated 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine bilayer environment. We identified a group of residues at the juxtamembrane regions of the intracellular loops 2 and 3 (IC2 and IC3) of the CB1 receptor, including Ile-218(3.54), Tyr-224(IC2), Asp-338(6.30), Arg-340(6.32), Leu-341(6.33), and Thr-344(6.36), as potential key contacts with the extreme C-terminal helix α5 of Gαi. Ala mutations of these residues at the receptor-Gi interface resulted in little G protein coupling activity, consistent with the present model of the CB1-Gi complex, which suggests tight interactions between CB1 and the extreme C-terminal helix α5 of Gαi. The model also suggests that unique conformational changes in the extreme C-terminal helix α5 of Gα play a crucial role in the receptor-mediated G protein activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong-Youn Shim
- From the J. L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707.
| | - Kwang H Ahn
- the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Debra A Kendall
- the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
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42
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Moreira IS. Structural features of the G-protein/GPCR interactions. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:16-33. [PMID: 24016604 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The details of the functional interaction between G proteins and the G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) have long been subjected to extensive investigations with structural and functional assays and a large number of computational studies. SCOPE OF REVIEW The nature and sites of interaction in the G-protein/GPCR complexes, and the specificities of these interactions selecting coupling partners among the large number of families of GPCRs and G protein forms, are still poorly defined. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Many of the contact sites between the two proteins in specific complexes have been identified, but the three dimensional molecular architecture of a receptor-Gα interface is only known for one pair. Consequently, many fundamental questions regarding this macromolecular assembly and its mechanism remain unanswered. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE In the context of current structural data we review the structural details of the interfaces and recognition sites in complexes of sub-family A GPCRs with cognate G-proteins, with special emphasis on the consequences of activation on GPCR structure, the prevalence of preassembled GPCR/G-protein complexes, the key structural determinants for selective coupling and the possible involvement of GPCR oligomerization in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina S Moreira
- REQUIMTE/Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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43
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Preininger AM, Meiler J, Hamm HE. Conformational flexibility and structural dynamics in GPCR-mediated G protein activation: a perspective. J Mol Biol 2013; 425:2288-98. [PMID: 23602809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Structure and dynamics of G proteins and their cognate receptors, both alone and in complex, are becoming increasingly accessible to experimental techniques. Understanding the conformational changes and timelines that govern these changes can lead to new insights into the processes of ligand binding and associated G protein activation. Experimental systems may involve the use of, or otherwise stabilize, non-native environments. This can complicate our understanding of structural and dynamic features of processes such as the ionic lock, tryptophan toggle, and G protein flexibility. While elements in the receptor's transmembrane helices and the C-terminal α5 helix of Gα undergo well-defined structural changes, regions subject to conformational flexibility may be important in fine-tuning the interactions between activated receptors and G proteins. The pairing of computational and experimental approaches will continue to provide powerful tools to probe the conformation and dynamics of receptor-mediated G protein activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita M Preininger
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600, USA.
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44
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Hamm HE, Kaya AI, Gilbert JA, Preininger AM. Linking receptor activation to changes in Sw I and II of Gα proteins. J Struct Biol 2013; 184:63-74. [PMID: 23466875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors catalyze nucleotide exchange on G proteins, which results in subunit dissociation and effector activation. In the recent β2AR-Gs structure, portions of Switch I and II of Gα are not fully elucidated. We paired fluorescence studies of receptor-Gαi interactions with the β2AR-Gs and other Gi structures to investigate changes in Switch I and II during receptor activation and GTP binding. The β2/β3 loop containing Leu194 of Gαi is located between Switches I and II, in close proximity to IC2 of the receptor and the C-terminus of Gα, thus providing an allosteric connection between these Switches and receptor activation. We compared the environment of residues in myristoylated Gαi proteins in the heterotrimer to that upon receptor activation and subsequent GTP binding. Upon receptor activation, residues in both Switch regions are less solvent-exposed, as compared to the heterotrimer. Upon GTPγS binding, the environment of several residues in Switch I resemble the receptor-bound state, while Switch II residues display effects on their environment which are consistent with their role in GTP binding and Gβγ dissociation. The ability to merge available crystal structures with solution studies is a powerful tool to gain insight into conformational changes associated with receptor-mediated Gi protein activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi E Hamm
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology, Nashville, TN 37232-6600, United States
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Kaplan BLF. The role of CB1 in immune modulation by cannabinoids. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 137:365-74. [PMID: 23261520 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There is clear evidence that CB(2), historically referred to as the peripheral cannabinoid receptor, mediates many of the immune modulatory effects of cannabinoids. However, cannabinoid receptors cannot be classified simply as central or peripheral since CB(2) has been shown to play a role in the central nervous system (CNS) and CB(1) mediates many immune system effects. Although Cnr1 mRNA and CB(1) protein expression is lower than Cnr2 mRNA or CB(2) protein expression in cells of the immune system, several studies have shown direct modulation of immune function via CB(1) by endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids in T cells, innate cells, and to a lesser extent, B cells. In addition, indirect, but CB(1)-dependent, mechanisms of immune modulation exist. In fact, the mechanism by which cannabinoids attenuate neuroinflammation via CB(1) is likely a combination of immune suppression and neuroprotection. Although many studies demonstrate that agonists for CB(1) are immune suppressive and anti-inflammatory, CB(1) antagonists also exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. Overall, the data demonstrate that many of the immune modulatory effects of cannabinoids are mediated via CB(1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara L F Kaplan
- Center for Integrative Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 1129 Farm Lane, Room 313, East Lansing, MI 48824-1630, United States.
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Baillie GL, Horswill JG, Anavi-Goffer S, Reggio PH, Bolognini D, Abood ME, McAllister S, Strange PG, Stephens GJ, Pertwee RG, Ross RA. CB(1) receptor allosteric modulators display both agonist and signaling pathway specificity. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 83:322-38. [PMID: 23160940 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.080879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified allosteric modulators of the cannabinoid CB(1) receptor (Org 27569, PSNCBAM-1) that display a contradictory pharmacological profile: increasing the specific binding of the CB(1) receptor agonist [(3)H]CP55940 but producing a decrease in CB(1) receptor agonist efficacy. Here we investigated the effect one or both compounds in a broad range of signaling endpoints linked to CB(1) receptor activation. We assessed the effect of these compounds on CB(1) receptor agonist-induced [(35)S]GTPγS binding, inhibition, and stimulation of forskolin-stimulated cAMP production, phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), and β-arrestin recruitment. We also investigated the effect of these allosteric modulators on CB(1) agonist binding kinetics. Both compounds display ligand dependence, being significantly more potent as modulators of CP55940 signaling as compared with WIN55212 and having little effect on [(3)H]WIN55212 binding. Org 27569 displays biased antagonism whereby it inhibits: agonist-induced guanosine 5'-O-(3-[(35)S]thio)triphosphate ([(35)S]GTPγS) binding, simulation (Gα(s)-mediated), and inhibition (Gα(i)-mediated) of cAMP production and β-arrestin recruitment. In contrast, it acts as an enhancer of agonist-induced ERK phosphorylation. Alone, the compound can act also as an allosteric agonist, increasing cAMP production and ERK phosphorylation. We find that in both saturation and kinetic-binding experiments, the Org 27569 and PSNCBAM-1 appeared to influence only orthosteric ligand maximum occupancy rather than affinity. The data indicate that the allosteric modulators share a common mechanism whereby they increase available high-affinity CB(1) agonist binding sites. The receptor conformation stabilized by the allosterics appears to induce signaling and also selectively traffics orthosteric agonist signaling via the ERK phosphorylation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma L Baillie
- School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Soderstrom K, Zhang Y, Wilson AR. Altered patterns of filopodia production in CHO cells heterologously expressing zebra finch CB(1) cannabinoid receptors. Cell Adh Migr 2012; 6:91-9. [PMID: 22568949 DOI: 10.4161/cam.20164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that cannabinoid-altered vocal development involves elevated densities of dendritic spines in a subset of brain regions involved in zebra finch song learning and production suggesting that cannabinoid receptor activation may regulate cell structure. Here we report that activation of zebra finch CB 1 receptors (zfCB 1, delivered by a lentivector to CHO cells) produces dose-dependent biphasic effects on the mean length of filopodia expressed: Low agonist concentrations (3 nM WIN55212-2) increase lengths while higher concentrations reduce them. In contrast, treatment of zfCB 1-expressing cells with the antagonist/inverse agonist SR141716A causes increases in both mean filopodia length and number at 30 and 100 nM. These results demonstrate that CB 1 receptor activation can differentially influence filiopodia elongation depending on dose, and demonstrate that manipulation of cannabinoid receptor activity is capable of modulating cell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Soderstrom
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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Sakai T, Aoyama M, Kawada T, Kusakabe T, Tsuda M, Satake H. Evidence for differential regulation of GnRH signaling via heterodimerization among GnRH receptor paralogs in the protochordate, Ciona intestinalis. Endocrinology 2012; 153:1841-9. [PMID: 22294747 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The endocrine and neuroendocrine systems for reproductive functions have diversified as a result of the generation of species-specific paralogs of peptide hormones and their receptors including GnRH and their receptors (GnRHR), which belong to the class A G protein-coupled receptor family. A protochordate, Ciona intestinalis, has been found to possess seven GnRH (tGnRH-3 to -8 and Ci-GnRH-X) and four GnRHR (Ci-GnRHR1 to -4). Moreover, Ci-GnRHR4 (R4) does not bind to any Ciona GnRH and activate any signaling pathways. Here we show novel functional diversification of GnRH signaling pathways via G protein-coupled receptor heterodimerization among Ciona GnRHR. R4 was shown to heterodimerize with R2 specifically in test cells of vitellogenic oocytes by coimmunoprecipitation. The R2-R4 heterodimerization in human embryonic kidney 293 cells cotransfected with R2 and R4 was also observed by coimmunoprecipitation and fluorescent energy transfer analyses. Of particular interest is that the R2-R4 heterodimer decreases the cAMP production in a nonligand-selective manner via shift of activation of Gs protein to Gi protein by R2, compared with R2 monomer/homodimer. Considering that the R1-R4 heterodimer elicits 10-fold more potent Ca²⁺ mobilization than R1 monomer/homodimer in a ligand-selective manner but does not affect cAMP production, these results indicate that R4 regulates differential GnRH signaling cascades via heterodimerization with R1 and R2 as an endogenous allosteric modulator. Collectively, the present study suggests that the heterodimerization among GnRHR paralogs, including the species-specific orphan receptor subtype, is involved in rigorous and diversified GnRHergic signaling of the protochordate, which lacks a hypothalamus-pituitary gonad axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Sakai
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Osaka 618-8503, Japan
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Zhang Y, Yang W, Chen L, Shi Y, Li G, Zhou N. Development of a novel DnaE intein-based assay for quantitative analysis of G-protein-coupled receptor internalization. Anal Biochem 2011; 417:65-72. [PMID: 21726524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) internalization provides a G-protein-subtype-independent method for assaying agonist-stimulated activation of receptors. We have developed a novel assay that allows quantitative analysis of GPCR internalization based on the interaction between activated GPCRs and β-arrestin2 and on Nostoc punctiforme DnaE intein-mediated reconstitution of Renilla luciferase fragments. This assay system was validated using four functionally divergent GPCRs treated with agonists and antagonists. The EC(50) values obtained for the known agonists and antagonists are in close agreement with the results of previous reports, indicating that this assay system is sensitive enough to permit quantification of GPCR internalization. This rapid and quantitative assay, therefore, could be used universally as a functional cell-based assay for GPCR high-throughput screening during drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Lee SH. Platform Technologies for Research on the G Protein Coupled Receptor: Applications to Drug Discovery Research. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2011. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2011.19.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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