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Kwon SJ, Khan MS, Kim SG. Intestinal Inflammation and Regeneration-Interdigitating Processes Controlled by Dietary Lipids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1311. [PMID: 38279309 PMCID: PMC10816399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a disease of chronic inflammatory conditions of the intestinal tract due to disturbance of the inflammation and immune system. Symptoms of IBD include abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding, reduced weight, and fatigue. In IBD, the immune system attacks the intestinal tract's inner wall, causing chronic inflammation and tissue damage. In particular, interlukin-6 and interlukin-17 act on immune cells, including T cells and macrophages, to amplify the immune responses so that tissue damage and morphological changes occur. Of note, excessive calorie intake and obesity also affect the immune system due to inflammation caused by lipotoxicity and changes in lipids supply. Similarly, individuals with IBD have alterations in liver function after sustained high-fat diet feeding. In addition, excess dietary fat intake, along with alterations in primary and secondary bile acids in the colon, can affect the onset and progression of IBD because inflammatory cytokines contribute to insulin resistance; the factors include the release of inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and changes in intestinal microflora, which may also contribute to disease progression. However, interfering with de novo fatty acid synthase by deleting the enzyme acetyl-CoA-carboxylase 1 in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) leads to the deficiency of epithelial crypt structures and tissue regeneration, which seems to be due to Lgr5+ intestinal stem cell function. Thus, conflicting reports exist regarding high-fat diet effects on IBD animal models. This review will focus on the pathological basis of the link between dietary lipids intake and IBD and will cover the currently available pharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sang Geon Kim
- Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.J.K.); (M.S.K.)
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2
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Li Q, Jing LJ, Li Y, Jia Y. Macular edema after siponimod treatment for multiple sclerosis: a case report and literature review. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:286. [PMID: 37525104 PMCID: PMC10391854 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03333-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a modulator of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor, siponimod is administered as a therapeutic intervention for multiple sclerosis. A previous phase 3 study first reported siponimod-associated macular edema. Since that report, there were only few relevant reports in clinical settings. Here, we report a case of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis developed macular edema after siponimod treatment. We also review the progress of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators, elaborate on accepted mechanisms in treating multiple sclerosis, and discuss the causation of siponimod-associated macular edema. CASE PRESENTATION A 38-year-old Chinese female patient with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, who had recurrent numbness of the limbs and right leg fatigue, developed mild macular edema following 4 months of siponimod treatment. The macular edema resolved after discontinuing the medication, and did not recur after resuming siponimod. CONCLUSION Although siponimod-associated macular edema may be rare, mild, transitory, and manageable, it cannot be ignored and requires ongoing vigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsheng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li-Jun Jing
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanjie Jia
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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3
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Sarkar J, Aoki H, Wu R, Aoki M, Hylemon P, Zhou H, Takabe K. Conjugated Bile Acids Accelerate Progression of Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis via S1PR2 Signaling in Cholestasis. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:1630-1641. [PMID: 36396870 PMCID: PMC9911402 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) has an extremely high mortality rate, where obstructive jaundice due to cholestasis is a classic symptom. Conjugated bile acids (CBAs) such as taurocholic acid (TCA) have been reported to activate both the ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways via S1P receptor 2 (S1PR2) and promote growth of cholangiocarcinoma. Thus, we hypothesize that CBAs, which accumulate in cholestasis, accelerate PC progression via S1PR2. METHODS Murine Panc02-luc and human AsPC-1, MIA PaCa2, and BxPC-3 cells were treated with TCA, S1PR2 agonist CYM5520, S1PR2 antagonist JTE-013, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and functional S1P receptor antagonist (except S1PR2) FTY720. Bile duct ligation (BDL) was performed on liver implantation or intraperitoneal injection of Panc02-luc cells. RESULTS Panc02-luc and AsPC-1 cells predominantly expressed S1PR2, and their growth and migration were stimulated by TCA or CYM5520 in dose-dependent manner, which was blocked by JTE-013. This finding was not seen in PC cell lines expressing other S1P receptors than S1PR2. Panc02-luc growth stimulation by S1P was not blocked by FTY720. BDL significantly increased PC liver metastasis compared with sham. PC peritoneal carcinomatosis was significantly worsened by BDL, confirmed by number of nodules, tumor weight, bioluminescence, Ki-67 stain, ascites, and worse survival compared with sham. CYM5520 significantly worsened PC carcinomatosis, whereas treatment with anti-S1P antibody or FTY720 also worsened progression. CONCLUSIONS CBAs accelerated growth of S1PR2 predominant PC both in vitro and in vivo. This finding implicates S1PR2 as a potential therapeutic target in metastatic S1PR2 predominant pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Sarkar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hiroaki Aoki
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rongrong Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Masayo Aoki
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Phillip Hylemon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and, McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and, McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacob School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
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4
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Combined drug triads for synergic neuroprotection in retinal degeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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5
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Gupta P, Taiyab A, Hussain A, Alajmi MF, Islam A, Hassan MI. Targeting the Sphingosine Kinase/Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Signaling Axis in Drug Discovery for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1898. [PMID: 33920887 PMCID: PMC8071327 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid metabolites have emerged as critical players in the regulation of various physiological processes. Ceramide and sphingosine induce cell growth arrest and apoptosis, whereas sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) promotes cell proliferation and survival. Here, we present an overview of sphingolipid metabolism and the compartmentalization of various sphingolipid metabolites. In addition, the sphingolipid rheostat, a fine metabolic balance between ceramide and S1P, is discussed. Sphingosine kinase (SphK) catalyzes the synthesis of S1P from sphingosine and modulates several cellular processes and is found to be essentially involved in various pathophysiological conditions. The regulation and biological functions of SphK isoforms are discussed. The functions of S1P, along with its receptors, are further highlighted. The up-regulation of SphK is observed in various cancer types and is also linked to radio- and chemoresistance and poor prognosis in cancer patients. Implications of the SphK/S1P signaling axis in human pathologies and its inhibition are discussed in detail. Overall, this review highlights current findings on the SphK/S1P signaling axis from multiple angles, including their functional role, mechanism of activation, involvement in various human malignancies, and inhibitor molecules that may be used in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Gupta
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (P.G.); (A.T.); (A.I.)
| | - Aaliya Taiyab
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (P.G.); (A.T.); (A.I.)
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Mohamed F. Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (P.G.); (A.T.); (A.I.)
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (P.G.); (A.T.); (A.I.)
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6
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Inhibitors of Ceramide- and Sphingosine-Metabolizing Enzymes as Sensitizers in Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082062. [PMID: 32722626 PMCID: PMC7463798 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the treatment of advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), including oral SCC, radiotherapy is a commonly performed therapeutic modality. The combined use of radiotherapy with chemotherapy improves therapeutic effects, but it also increases adverse events. Ceramide, a central molecule in sphingolipid metabolism and signaling pathways, mediates antiproliferative responses, and its level increases in response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, when ceramide is metabolized, prosurvival factors, such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), and glucosylceramide, are produced, reducing the antitumor effects of ceramide. The activities of ceramide- and sphingosine-metabolizing enzymes are also associated with radio- and chemo-resistance. Ceramide analogs and low molecular-weight compounds targeting these enzymes exert anticancer effects. Synthetic ceramides and a therapeutic approach using ultrasound have also been developed. Inhibitors of ceramide- and sphingosine-metabolizing enzymes and synthetic ceramides can function as sensitizers of radiotherapy and chemotherapy for HNSCC.
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7
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The S1P-S1PR Axis in Neurological Disorders-Insights into Current and Future Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061515. [PMID: 32580348 PMCID: PMC7349054 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), derived from membrane sphingolipids, is a pleiotropic bioactive lipid mediator capable of evoking complex immune phenomena. Studies have highlighted its importance regarding intracellular signaling cascades as well as membrane-bound S1P receptor (S1PR) engagement in various clinical conditions. In neurological disorders, the S1P–S1PR axis is acknowledged in neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory, and cerebrovascular disorders. Modulators of S1P signaling have enabled an immense insight into fundamental pathological pathways, which were pivotal in identifying and improving the treatment of human diseases. However, its intricate molecular signaling pathways initiated upon receptor ligation are still poorly elucidated. In this review, the authors highlight the current evidence for S1P signaling in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders as well as stroke and present an array of drugs targeting the S1P signaling pathway, which are being tested in clinical trials. Further insights on how the S1P–S1PR axis orchestrates disease initiation, progression, and recovery may hold a remarkable potential regarding therapeutic options in these neurological disorders.
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8
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Kroll A, Cho HE, Kang MH. Antineoplastic Agents Targeting Sphingolipid Pathways. Front Oncol 2020; 10:833. [PMID: 32528896 PMCID: PMC7256948 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies in the enigmatic area of bioactive lipids have made many exciting new discoveries in recent years. Once thought to play a strictly structural role in cellular function, it has since been determined that sphingolipids and their metabolites perform a vast variety of cellular functions beyond what was previously believed. Of utmost importance is their role in cellular signaling, for it is now well understood that select sphingolipids serve as bioactive molecules that play critical roles in both cancer cell death and survival, as well as other cellular responses such as chronic inflammation, protection from intestinal pathogens, and intrinsic protection from intestinal contents, each of which are associated with oncogenesis. Importantly, it has been demonstrated time and time again that many different tumors display dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism, and the exact profile of said dysregulation has been proven to be useful in determining not only the presence of a tumor, but also the susceptibility to various chemotherapeutic drugs, as well as the metastasizing characteristics of the malignancies. Since these discoveries surfaced it has become apparent that the understanding of sphingolipid metabolism and profile will likely become of great importance in the clinic for both chemotherapy and diagnostics of cancer. The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the current state of chemotherapeutic agents that target sphingolipid metabolism that are undergoing clinical trials. Additionally, we will formulate questions involving the use of sphingolipid metabolism as chemotherapeutic targets in need of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kroll
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Hwang Eui Cho
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Min H Kang
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
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9
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Snider JM, Luberto C, Hannun YA. Approaches for probing and evaluating mammalian sphingolipid metabolism. Anal Biochem 2019; 575:70-86. [PMID: 30917945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipid metabolism plays a critical role in regulating processes that control cellular fate. This dynamic pathway can generate and degrade the central players: ceramide, sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate in almost any membrane in the cell, adding an unexpected level of complexity in deciphering signaling events. While in vitro assays have been developed for most enzymes in SL metabolism, these assays are setup for optimal activity conditions and can fail to take into account regulatory components such as compartmentalization, substrate limitations, and binding partners that can affect cellular enzymatic activity. Therefore, many in-cell assays have been developed to derive results that are authentic to the cellular situation which may give context to alteration in SL mass. This review will discuss approaches for utilizing probes for mammalian in-cell assays to interrogate most enzymatic steps central to SL metabolism. The use of inhibitors in conjunction with these probes can verify the specificity of cellular assays as well as provide valuable insight into flux in the SL network. The use of inhibitors specific to each of the central sphingolipid enzymes are also discussed to assist researchers in further interrogation of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Snider
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; The Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Chiara Luberto
- The Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; The Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Departments of Biochemistry, Pathology and Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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10
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Saenz-Ponce N, Pillay R, de Long LM, Kashyap T, Argueta C, Landesman Y, Hazar-Rethinam M, Boros S, Panizza B, Jacquemyn M, Daelemans D, Gannon OM, Saunders NA. Targeting the XPO1-dependent nuclear export of E2F7 reverses anthracycline resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:eaar7223. [PMID: 29950445 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aar7223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Patient mortality rates have remained stubbornly high (40%) for the past 35 years in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) due to inherent or acquired drug resistance. Thus, a critical issue in advanced SCC is to identify and target the mechanisms that contribute to therapy resistance. We report that the transcriptional inhibitor, E2F7, is mislocalized to the cytoplasm in >80% of human HNSCCs, whereas the transcriptional activator, E2F1, retains localization to the nucleus in SCC. This results in an imbalance in the control of E2F-dependent targets such as SPHK1, which is derepressed and drives resistance to anthracyclines in HNSCC. Specifically, we show that (i) E2F7 is subject to exportin 1 (XPO1)-dependent nuclear export, (ii) E2F7 is selectively mislocalized in most of SCC and multiple other tumor types, (iii) mislocalization of E2F7 in HNSCC causes derepression of Sphk1 and drives anthracycline resistance, and (iv) anthracycline resistance can be reversed with a clinically available inhibitor of XPO1, selinexor, in xenotransplant models of HNSCC. Thus, we have identified a strategy to repurpose anthracyclines for use in SCC. More generally, we provide a strategy to restore the balance of E2F1 (activator) and E2F7 (inhibitor) activity in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Saenz-Ponce
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Rachael Pillay
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Lilia Merida de Long
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Samuel Boros
- Department of Pathology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Benedict Panizza
- Department of Ear Nose and Throat, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Maarten Jacquemyn
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Orla M Gannon
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Saunders
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
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11
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Korbecki J, Gutowska I, Kojder I, Jeżewski D, Goschorska M, Łukomska A, Lubkowska A, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. New extracellular factors in glioblastoma multiforme development: neurotensin, growth differentiation factor-15, sphingosine-1-phosphate and cytomegalovirus infection. Oncotarget 2018; 9:7219-7270. [PMID: 29467963 PMCID: PMC5805549 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen considerable progress in understanding the biochemistry of cancer. For example, more significance is now assigned to the tumor microenvironment, especially with regard to intercellular signaling in the tumor niche which depends on many factors secreted by tumor cells. In addition, great progress has been made in understanding the influence of factors such as neurotensin, growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) on the 'hallmarks of cancer' in glioblastoma multiforme. Therefore, in the present work we describe the influence of these factors on the proliferation and apoptosis of neoplastic cells, cancer stem cells, angiogenesis, migration and invasion, and cancer immune evasion in a glioblastoma multiforme tumor. In particular, we discuss the effect of neurotensin, GDF-15, S1P (including the drug FTY720), and infection with CMV on tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), microglial cells, neutrophil and regulatory T cells (Treg), on the tumor microenvironment. In order to better understand the role of the aforementioned factors in tumoral processes, we outline the latest models of intratumoral heterogeneity in glioblastoma multiforme. Based on the most recent reports, we discuss the problems of multi-drug therapy in treating glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biała, 43-309 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Kojder
- Department of Applied Neurocognitivistics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland.,Department of Neurosurgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Jeżewski
- Department of Applied Neurocognitivistics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland.,Department of Neurosurgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Goschorska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Łukomska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Lubkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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12
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Tsuchida J, Nagahashi M, Takabe K, Wakai T. Clinical Impact of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in Breast Cancer. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:2076239. [PMID: 28912626 PMCID: PMC5585627 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2076239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer metastasizes to lymph nodes or other organs, which determine the prognosis of patients. It is difficult to cure the breast cancer patients with distant metastasis due to resistance to drug therapies. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis and drug resistance is expected to provide new therapeutic targets. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a pleiotropic, bioactive lipid mediator that regulates many cellular functions, including proliferation, migration, survival, angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis, and immune responses. S1P is formed in cells by sphingosine kinases and released from them, which acts in an autocrine, paracrine, and/or endocrine manner. S1P in extracellular space, such as interstitial fluid, interacts with components in the tumor microenvironment, which may be important for metastasis. Importantly, recent translational research has demonstrated an association between S1P levels in breast cancer patients and clinical outcomes, highlighting the clinical importance of S1P in breast cancer. We suggest that S1P is one of the key molecules to overcome the resistance to the drug therapies, such as hormonal therapy, anti-HER2 therapy, or chemotherapy, all of which are crucial aspects of a breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Tsuchida
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nagahashi
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Breast Surgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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13
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Unravelling the interplay of sphingolipids and TGF-β signaling in the human corneal stroma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182390. [PMID: 28806736 PMCID: PMC5555661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To delineate the role of Sphingolipids (SPLs) in the human cornea and their cross-talks with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in order to develop novel, non-invasive therapies. Methods Human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs) were harvested from healthy donors, stimulated with Vitamin C to promote extracellular matrix assembly, treated with exogenous sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) or sphingosine kinase inhibitor 2 (SPHK I2) and isolated after 4 weeks for further analysis. Results Data showed that S1P led to a significant decrease in cellular migration where SPHK I2 just delayed it for 24h. Significant modulation of the sphingolipid pathway was also noted. Sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1) was significantly downregulated upon exogenous stimulation with S1P at a concentration of 5μM and Sphingosine kinase-2 (SphK2) was also significantly downregulated at concentrations of 0.01μM, 0.1μM, and 5μM; whereas no effects were observed upon stimulation with SPHK I2. S1PR3 was significantly downregulated by 0.1μM and 5μM S1P and upregulated by 5μM and 10μM SPHK I2. Furthermore, both S1P and SPHK I2 regulated corneal fibrosis markers such as alpha-smooth muscle actin, collagen I, III, and V. We also investigated the interplay between two TGF-β isoforms and S1P/SPHK I2 treatments and found that TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 were both significantly upregulated with the 0.1μM S1P but were significantly downregulated with the 5μM S1P concentration. When TGF-β1 was compared directly to TGF-β3 expression, we observed that TGF-β3 was significantly downregulated compared to TGF-β1 in the 5μM concentration of S1P. No changes were observed upon SPHK I2 treatment. Conclusion Our study delineates the role of sphingolipids in the human cornea and highlights their different activities based on the cell/tissue type.
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14
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Camp ER, Patterson LD, Kester M, Voelkel-Johnson C. Therapeutic implications of bioactive sphingolipids: A focus on colorectal cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 18:640-650. [PMID: 28686076 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1345396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy of colorectal cancer (CRC), especially a subset known as locally advanced rectal cancer, is challenged by progression and recurrence. Sphingolipids, a lipid subtype with vital roles in cellular function, play an important role in CRC and impact on therapeutic outcomes. In this review we discuss how dietary sphingolipids or the gut microbiome via alterations in sphingolipids influence CRC carcinogenesis. In addition, we discuss the expression of sphingolipid enzymes in the gastro-intestinal tract, their alterations in CRC, and the implications for therapy responsiveness. Lastly, we highlight some novel therapeutics that target sphingolipid signaling and have potential applications in the treatment of CRC. Understanding how sphingolipid metabolism impacts cell death susceptibility and drug resistance will be critical toward improving therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ramsay Camp
- a Department of Surgery Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston SC , USA
| | - Logan D Patterson
- b Department of Pharmacology , University of Virginia , Charlottesville VA , USA
| | - Mark Kester
- b Department of Pharmacology , University of Virginia , Charlottesville VA , USA
| | - Christina Voelkel-Johnson
- c Department of Microbiology & Immunology , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston SC , USA
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15
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Dany M. Sphingosine metabolism as a therapeutic target in cutaneous melanoma. Transl Res 2017; 185:1-12. [PMID: 28528915 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is by far the most aggressive type of skin cancer with a poor prognosis in its advanced stages. Understanding the mechanisms involved in melanoma pathogenesis, response, and resistance to treatment has gained a lot of attention worldwide. Recently, the role of sphingolipid metabolism has been studied in cutaneous melanoma. Sphingolipids are bioactive lipid effector molecules involved in the regulation of various cellular signaling pathways such as inflammation, cancer cell proliferation, death, senescence, and metastasis. Recent studies suggest that sphingolipid metabolism impacts melanoma pathogenesis and is a potential therapeutic target. This review focuses on defining the role of sphingolipid metabolism in melanoma carcinogenesis, discussing sphingolipid-based therapeutic approaches, and highlighting the areas that require more extensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Dany
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
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16
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Nielsen OH, Li Y, Johansson-Lindbom B, Coskun M. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Signaling in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:362-374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Dyckman AJ. Modulators of Sphingosine-1-phosphate Pathway Biology: Recent Advances of Sphingosine-1-phosphate Receptor 1 (S1P 1) Agonists and Future Perspectives. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5267-5289. [PMID: 28291340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The sphingoid base derived class of lipids (sphingolipids) is a family of interconverting molecules that play key roles in numerous structural and signaling processes. The biosynthetic pathway of the sphingolipids affords many opportunities for therapeutic intervention: targeting the ligands directly, targeting the various proteins involved in the interconversion of the ligands, or targeting the receptors that respond to the ligands. The focus of this article is on the most advanced of the sphingosine-related therapeutics, agonists of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1). The diverse structural classes of S1P1 agonists will be discussed and the status of compounds of clinical relevance will be detailed. An examination of how potential safety concerns are being navigated with compounds currently under clinical evaluation is followed by a discussion of the novel methods being explored to identify next-generation S1P1 agonists with improved safety profiles. Finally, therapeutic opportunities for sphingosine-related targets outside of S1P1 are touched upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaric J Dyckman
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
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18
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Andrieu G, Ledoux A, Branka S, Bocquet M, Gilhodes J, Walzer T, Kasahara K, Inagaki M, Sabbadini RA, Cuvillier O, Hatzoglou A. Sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling through its receptor S1P 5 promotes chromosome segregation and mitotic progression. Sci Signal 2017; 10:eaah4007. [PMID: 28351953 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aah4007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) promotes cell proliferation and survival, and its abundance is often increased in tumors. SphK1 produces the signaling lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), which activates signaling cascades downstream five G protein-coupled receptors (S1P1-5) to modulate vascular and immune system function and promote proliferation. We identified a new function of the SphK1-S1P pathway specifically in the control of mitosis. SphK1 depletion in HeLa cells caused prometaphase arrest, whereas its overexpression or activation accelerated mitosis. Increasing the abundance of S1P promoted mitotic progression, overrode the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), and led to chromosome segregation defects. S1P was secreted through the transporter SPNS2 and stimulated mitosis by binding to and activating S1P5 on the extracellular side, which then activated the intracellular phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway. Knockdown of S1P5 prevented the S1P-induced spindle defect phenotype. RNA interference assays revealed that the mitotic kinase Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) was an important effector of S1P-S1P5 signaling-induced mitosis in HeLa cells. Our findings identify an extracellular signal and the downstream pathway that promotes mitotic progression and may indicate potential therapeutic targets to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Andrieu
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, 31400 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Adeline Ledoux
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, 31400 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Branka
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, 31400 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Magalie Bocquet
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, 31400 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Julia Gilhodes
- Clinical Trials Office, Biostatistics Unit, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse-Oncopôle, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Kousuke Kasahara
- Division of Biochemistry, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
| | - Masaki Inagaki
- Division of Biochemistry, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
| | | | - Olivier Cuvillier
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, 31400 Toulouse, France.
- Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Anastassia Hatzoglou
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, 31400 Toulouse, France.
- Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 31400 Toulouse, France
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19
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Pyne NJ, Pyne S. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Signaling in Mammalian Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030344. [PMID: 28241498 PMCID: PMC6155263 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioactive lipid, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) binds to a family of G protein-coupled receptors, termed S1P1-S1P5. These receptors function in, for example, the cardiovascular system to regulate vascular barrier integrity and tone, the nervous system to regulate neuronal differentiation, myelination and oligodendrocyte/glial cell survival and the immune system to regulate T- and B-cell subsets and trafficking. S1P receptors also participate in the pathophysiology of autoimmunity, inflammatory disease, cancer, neurodegeneration and others. In this review, we describe how S1P1 can form a complex with G-protein and β-arrestin, which function together to regulate effector pathways. We also discuss the role of the S1P1-Platelet derived growth factor receptor β functional complex (which deploys G-protein/β-arrestin and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling) in regulating cell migration. Possible mechanisms by which different S1P-chaperones, such as Apolipoprotein M-High-Density Lipoprotein induce biological programmes in cells are also described. Finally, the role of S1P1 in health and disease and as a target for clinical intervention is appraised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel J Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Susan Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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20
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Reynolds GM, Visentin B, Sabbadini R. Immunohistochemical Detection of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate and Sphingosine Kinase-1 in Human Tissue Samples and Cell Lines. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1697:43-56. [PMID: 28560513 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2017_44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and the enzyme primarily responsible for its production, sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK-1), are dysregulated in multiple human diseases including cancer, multiple sclerosis (MS), diabetes, neurological diseases, fibrosis, and certain pathologies associated with impaired angiogenesis such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Antibody-based techniques to identify and localize S1P and SphK-1 within cells and tissue specimens represent a powerful tool, not only to understand biological role of these molecules but also to validate these unique in-class targets in multiple state diseases. Consequently, the potential applications of these molecules for therapy and diagnostic purposes are currently under investigation. Here, we describe a new improved technique, Agitated Low Temperature Epitope Retrieval (ALTER) for staining procedures, to identify expression of S1P and SphK-1 in human frozen tissue samples. The challenges encountered in the process of localization in tissue samples of lipid molecules such as S1P are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary M Reynolds
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham and Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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21
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Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a simple, bioactive sphingolipid metabolite, plays a key role, both intracellularly and extracellularly, in various cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, migration, inflammation, angiogenesis, and endothelial barrier integrity. The cellular S1P level is low and is tightly regulated by its synthesis and degradation. Sphingosine Kinases (SphKs) 1 and 2, catalyze the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of sphingosine to S1P, while the degradation is mediated by the reversible dephosphorylation catalyzed by the S1P phosphatases and lipid phosphate phosphatases and the irreversible degradation to hexadecenal and ethanolamine phosphate by sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (S1PL). As a ligand for specific G-protein-coupled receptors, S1P1-5, which are differentially expressed in different cell types, S1P generates downstream signals that play crucial role in developmental and disease related pathologies. In addition to acting extracellularly on receptors located on the plasma membrane, S1P can also act intracellularly, independently of S1P1-5, affecting calcium homeostasis and cell proliferation. The SphKs /S1P /S1PL metabolic pathway is implicated in numerous human pathologies including respiratory disorders, thereby raising the possibility that manipulating intracellular S1P levels could offer therapeutic potential in ameliorating lung diseases. This review focuses on the prospects of targeting S1P signaling and S1P metabolizing enzymes using small molecule inhibitors, receptor agonists, and antagonists in the treatment of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Ebenezer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Panfeng Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA.
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22
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Mo ZC, Ren K, Liu X, Tang ZL, Yi GH. A high-density lipoprotein-mediated drug delivery system. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:132-147. [PMID: 27208399 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a comparatively dense and small lipoprotein that can carry lipids as a multifunctional aggregate in plasma. Several studies have shown that increasing the levels or improving the functionality of HDL is a promising target for treating a wide variety of diseases. Among lipoproteins, HDL particles possess unique physicochemical properties, including naturally synthesized physiological components, amphipathic apolipoproteins, lipid-loading and hydrophobic agent-incorporating characteristics, specific protein-protein interactions, heterogeneity, nanoparticles, and smaller size. Recently, the feasibility and superiority of using HDL particles as drug delivery vehicles have been of great interest. In this review, we summarize the structure, constituents, biogenesis, remodeling, and reconstitution of HDL drug delivery systems, focusing on their delivery capability, characteristics, applications, manufacturing, and drug-loading and drug-targeting characteristics. Finally, the future prospects are presented regarding the clinical application and challenges of using HDL as a pharmacodelivery carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Cheng Mo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City 421001, Hunan Province, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Kun Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xing Liu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Li Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guang-Hui Yi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City 421001, Hunan Province, China.
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23
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Vogt D, Stark H. Therapeutic Strategies and Pharmacological Tools Influencing S1P Signaling and Metabolism. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:3-51. [PMID: 27480072 DOI: 10.1002/med.21402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last two decades the study of the sphingolipid anabolic, catabolic, and signaling pathways has attracted enormous interest. Especially the introduction of fingolimod into market as first p.o. therapeutic for the treatment of multiple sclerosis has boosted this effect. Although the complex regulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and other catabolic and anabolic sphingosine-related compounds is not fully understood, the influence on different (patho)physiological states from inflammation to cytotoxicity as well as the availability of versatile pharmacological tools that represent new approaches to study these states are described. Here, we have summarized various aspects concerning the many faces of sphingolipid function modulation by different pharmacological tools up to clinical candidates. Due to the immense heterogeneity of physiological or pharmacological actions and complex cross regulations, it is difficult to predict their role in upcoming therapeutic approaches. Currently, inflammatory, immunological, and/or antitumor aspects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Vogt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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24
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Villegas VM, Aranguren LA, Kovach JL, Schwartz SG, Flynn HW. Current advances in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:273-282. [PMID: 27434329 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1213240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of permanent central visual acuity loss in persons over 65 years of age in industrialized nations. Today, intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors are the mainstay of treatment worldwide. Areas covered: The following review covers the current treatments and challenges of wet AMD management. It also covers emerging therapies including radiation, latest generation anti-VEGF agents, and combination therapies. Expert opinion: Current neovascular AMD therapy is aimed at decreasing the VEGF effect at the choroidal neovascularization (CNV) complex. The most important existing challenges in the treatment of neovascular AMD are improving visual outcomes, decreasing the treatment burden, and minimizing geographic atrophy. Clinicians are using many treatment strategies to minimize intravitreal injections without sacrificing visual outcomes. Combination of anti-VEGF therapy with other previously available treatments that target a different pathophysiological mechanism may be a reasonable clinical strategy to minimize intravitreal injections. Many exciting novel drugs that target newly discovered pathways associated with CNV development and progression hold clinical promise. The results of ongoing randomized clinical trials will answer the important concerns surrounding new drugs and delivery devices: safety and visual outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Villegas
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Luis A Aranguren
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Jaclyn L Kovach
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Stephen G Schwartz
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Harry W Flynn
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
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25
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Blankenbach KV, Schwalm S, Pfeilschifter J, Meyer Zu Heringdorf D. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor-2 Antagonists: Therapeutic Potential and Potential Risks. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:167. [PMID: 27445808 PMCID: PMC4914510 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling system with its specific G-protein-coupled S1P receptors, the enzymes of S1P metabolism and the S1P transporters, offers a multitude of promising targets for drug development. Until today, drug development in this area has nearly exclusively focused on (functional) antagonists at the S1P1 receptor, which cause a unique phenotype of immunomodulation. Accordingly, the first-in class S1P1 receptor modulator, fingolimod, has been approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, and novel S1P1 receptor (functional) antagonists are being developed for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, lupus erythematodes, or polymyositis. Besides the S1P1 receptor, also S1P2 and S1P3 are widely expressed and regulate many diverse functions throughout the body. The S1P2 receptor, in particular, often exerts cellular functions which are opposed to the functions of the S1P1 receptor. As a consequence, antagonists at the S1P2 receptor have the potential to be useful in a contrasting context and different areas of indication compared to S1P1 antagonists. The present review will focus on the therapeutic potential of S1P2 receptor antagonists and discuss their opportunities as well as their potential risks. Open questions and areas which require further investigations will be emphasized in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira V Blankenbach
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schwalm
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dagmar Meyer Zu Heringdorf
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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26
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Ader I, Gstalder C, Bouquerel P, Golzio M, Andrieu G, Zalvidea S, Richard S, Sabbadini RA, Malavaud B, Cuvillier O. Neutralizing S1P inhibits intratumoral hypoxia, induces vascular remodelling and sensitizes to chemotherapy in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:13803-21. [PMID: 25915662 PMCID: PMC4537051 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia promotes neovascularization, increased tumor growth, and therapeutic resistance. The transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), has been reported as the master driver of adaptation to hypoxia. We previously identified the sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine 1-phosphate (SphK1/S1P) pathway as a new modulator of HIF-1α under hypoxia. Taking advantage of a monoclonal antibody neutralizing extracellular S1P (sphingomab), we report that inhibition of S1P extracellular signaling blocks HIF-1α accumulation and activity in several cancer cell models exposed to hypoxia. In an orthotopic xenograft model of prostate cancer, we show that sphingomab reduces hypoxia and modifies vessel architecture within 5 days of treatment, leading to increased intratumoral blood perfusion. Supporting the notion that a transient vascular normalization of tumor vessels is the mechanism by which sphingomab exerts its effects, we demonstrate that administration of the antibody for 5 days before chemotherapy is more effective at local tumor control and metastatic dissemination than any other treatment scheduling. These findings validate sphingomab as a potential new normalization agent that could contribute to successful sensitization of hypoxic tumors to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Ader
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Gstalder
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Bouquerel
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Golzio
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Andrieu
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Santiago Zalvidea
- INSERM U1046, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Richard
- INSERM U1046, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Bernard Malavaud
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Urologie et de Transplantation Rénale, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Cuvillier
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
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Bouquerel P, Gstalder C, Müller D, Laurent J, Brizuela L, Sabbadini RA, Malavaud B, Pyronnet S, Martineau Y, Ader I, Cuvillier O. Essential role for SphK1/S1P signaling to regulate hypoxia-inducible factor 2α expression and activity in cancer. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e209. [PMID: 26974204 PMCID: PMC4815047 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphingosine kinase-1/sphingosine 1-phosphate (SphK1/S1P) signaling pathway has been reported to modulate the expression of the canonical transcription factor hypoxia-inducible HIF-1α in multiple cell lineages. HIF-2α is also frequently overexpressed in solid tumors but its role has been mostly studied in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common form of kidney cancer, where HIF-2α has been established as a driver of a more aggressive disease. In this study, the role of SphK1/S1P signaling with regard to HIF-2α was investigated in various cancer cell models including ccRCC cells. Under hypoxic conditions or in ccRCC lacking a functional von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene and expressing high levels of HIF-2α, SphK1 activity controls HIF-2α expression and transcriptional activity through a phospholipase D (PLD)-driven mechanism. SphK1 silencing promotes a VHL-independent HIF-2α loss of expression and activity and reduces cell proliferation in ccRCC. Importantly, downregulation of SphK1 is associated with impaired Akt and mTOR signaling in ccRCC. Taking advantage of a monoclonal antibody neutralizing extracellular S1P, we show that inhibition of S1P extracellular signaling blocks HIF-2α accumulation in ccRCC cell lines, an effect mimicked when the S1P transporter Spns2 or the S1P receptor 1 (S1P1) is silenced. Here, we report the first evidence that the SphK1/S1P signaling pathway regulates the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible HIF-2α in diverse cancer cell lineages notably ccRCC, where HIF-2α has been established as a driver of a more aggressive disease. These findings demonstrate that SphK1/S1P signaling may act as a canonical regulator of HIF-2α expression in ccRCC, giving support to its inhibition as a therapeutic strategy that could contribute to reduce HIF-2 activity in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bouquerel
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - C Gstalder
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - D Müller
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), INSERM UMR-1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - J Laurent
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - L Brizuela
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | | | - B Malavaud
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse Oncopôle, Toulouse, France
| | - S Pyronnet
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), INSERM UMR-1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Y Martineau
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), INSERM UMR-1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - I Ader
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - O Cuvillier
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
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Arish M, Husein A, Kashif M, Saleem M, Akhter Y, Rub A. Sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling: unraveling its role as a drug target against infectious diseases. Drug Discov Today 2015; 21:133-142. [PMID: 26456576 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling is reported in variety of cell types, including immune, endothelial and cancerous cells. It is emerging as a crucial regulator of cellular processes, such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and so on. This signaling pathway is initiated by the intracellular production and secretion of S1P through a cascade of enzymatic reactions. Binding of S1P to different S1P receptors (S1PRs) activates different downstream signaling pathways that regulate the cellular functions differentially depending upon the cell type. An accumulating body of evidence suggests that S1P metabolism and signaling is often impaired during infectious diseases; thus, its manipulation might be helpful in the treatment of such diseases. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the S1P signaling pathway and its candidature as a novel drug target against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Arish
- Infection and Immunity Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Atahar Husein
- Infection and Immunity Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohammad Kashif
- Infection and Immunity Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohammed Saleem
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Yusuf Akhter
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Temporary Academic Block, Shahpur, Kangra, HP 176216, India
| | - Abdur Rub
- Infection and Immunity Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India.
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29
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Volz C, Pauly D. Antibody therapies and their challenges in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 95:158-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Santarelli M, Diplotti L, Samassa F, Veritti D, Kuppermann BD, Lanzetta P. Advances in pharmacotherapy for wet age-related macular degeneration. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2015; 16:1769-81. [PMID: 26165696 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2015.1067679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In developed countries, neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible central blindness. Although AMD pathogenesis is complex and still not fully understood, many involved mechanisms are already partially known and could be promising targets for future therapies. Currently, anti-VEGF drugs are the standard care of this condition. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes both the current available and the emerging pharmacological therapies for the management of neovascular AMD. At first, we briefly focused on anti-VEGF compounds that are commonly used. Then, we reviewed the mechanisms of action and potential advantages of new candidate drugs that are being evaluated in clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION Although anti-VEGF drugs have shown mild-term good efficacy and safety profile in the treatment of neovascular AMD, they are far away from being a perfect therapy. Pharmacological research should focus on finding new molecular targets in the AMD pathogenetical pathway and on developing longer lasting agents or new drug delivery systems. Besides the development of new drugs, a better characterization of patients is also needed, taking into account variables such as choroidal neovascularization subtypes and genetic factors, in order to identify a tailored treatment for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Santarelli
- University of Udine, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences - Ophthalmology , Piazza Santa Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine , Italy +390 432 559 907 ; +390 432 559 904 ;
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31
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Agarwal A, Rhoades WR, Hanout M, Soliman MK, Sarwar S, Sadiq MA, Sepah YJ, Do DV, Nguyen QD. Management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: current state-of-the-art care for optimizing visual outcomes and therapies in development. Clin Ophthalmol 2015; 9:1001-15. [PMID: 26089632 PMCID: PMC4467654 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s74959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporary management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has evolved significantly over the last few years. The goal of treatment is shifting from merely salvaging vision to maintaining a high quality of life. There have been significant breakthroughs in the identification of viable drug targets and gene therapies. Imaging tools with near-histological precision have enhanced our knowledge about pathophysiological mechanisms that play a role in vision loss due to AMD. Visual, social, and vocational rehabilitation are all important treatment goals. In this review, evidence from landmark clinical trials is summarized to elucidate the optimum modern-day management of neovascular AMD. Therapeutic strategies currently under development, such as gene therapy and personalized medicine, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Agarwal
- Stanley M Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - William R Rhoades
- Stanley M Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mostafa Hanout
- Stanley M Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mohamed Kamel Soliman
- Stanley M Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Salman Sarwar
- Stanley M Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mohammad Ali Sadiq
- Stanley M Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yasir Jamal Sepah
- Stanley M Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Diana V Do
- Stanley M Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Quan Dong Nguyen
- Stanley M Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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El Matri L, Chebil A, Kort F. Current and emerging treatment options for myopic choroidal neovascularization. Clin Ophthalmol 2015; 9:733-44. [PMID: 25987831 PMCID: PMC4422283 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s49437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the main cause of visual impairment in highly myopic patients younger than 50 years of age. There are different treatments for myopic CNV (mCNV), with 5- to 10-year outcomes currently. Chorioretinal atrophy is still the most important determinant factor for visual outcome. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the current treatments for mCNV, including laser, surgical management, verteporfin photodynamic therapy, and mainly anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. Emerging treatment options are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila El Matri
- Department B of Ophthalmology, Hedi Rais Institute of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Chebil
- Department B of Ophthalmology, Hedi Rais Institute of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fedra Kort
- Department B of Ophthalmology, Hedi Rais Institute of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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33
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Switching the sphingolipid rheostat in the treatment of diabetes and cancer comorbidity from a problem to an advantage. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:165105. [PMID: 25866760 PMCID: PMC4383402 DOI: 10.1155/2015/165105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer and diabetes are among the most common diseases in western societies. Epidemiological studies have shown that diabetic patients have a significantly higher risk of developing a number of different types of cancers and that individuals with comorbidity (cancer and diabetes/prediabetes) have a poorer prognosis relative to nondiabetic cancer patients. The increasing frequency of comorbidity of cancer and diabetes mellitus, mainly type 2 diabetes, has driven the development of therapeutic interventions that target both disease states. There is strong evidence to suggest that balancing the sphingolipid rheostat, ceramide--sphingosine--sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is crucial in the prevention of diabetes and cancer and sphingosine kinase/S1P modulators are currently under development for the treatment of cancer and diabetes. This paper will highlight some of the complexities inherent in the use of the emerging sphingosine kinase/S1P modulators in the treatment of comorbidity of diabetes and cancer.
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34
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Zhang L, Wang X, Bullock AJ, Callea M, Shah H, Song J, Moreno K, Visentin B, Deutschman D, Alsop DC, Atkins MB, Mier JW, Signoretti S, Bhasin M, Sabbadini RA, Bhatt RS. Anti-S1P Antibody as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for VEGFR TKI-Resistant Renal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:1925-1934. [PMID: 25589614 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE VEGFR2 tyrosine kinase inhibition (TKI) is a valuable treatment approach for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, resistance to treatment is inevitable. Identification of novel targets could lead to better treatment for patients with TKI-naïve or -resistant RCC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this study, we performed transcriptome analysis of VEGFR TKI-resistant tumors in a murine model and discovered that the SPHK-S1P pathway is upregulated at the time of resistance. We tested sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) pathway inhibition using an anti-S1P mAb (sphingomab), in two mouse xenograft models of RCC, and assessed tumor SPHK expression and S1P plasma levels in patients with metastatic RCC. RESULTS Resistant tumors expressed several hypoxia-regulated genes. The SPHK1 pathway was among the most highly upregulated pathways that accompanied resistance to VEGFR TKI therapy. SPHK1 was expressed in human RCC, and the product of SPHK1 activity, S1P, was elevated in patients with metastatic RCC, suggesting that human RCC behavior could, in part, be due to overproduction of S1P. Sphingomab neutralization of extracellular S1P slowed tumor growth in both mouse models. Mice bearing tumors that had developed resistance to sunitinib treatment also exhibited tumor growth suppression with sphingomab. Sphingomab treatment led to a reduction in tumor blood flow as measured by MRI. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that S1P inhibition may be a novel therapeutic strategy in patients with treatment-naïve RCC and also in the setting of resistance to VEGFR TKI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, United States of America
| | - Xiaoen Wang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, United States of America.,Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, United States of America
| | - Andrea J Bullock
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, United States of America
| | - Marcella Callea
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States of America
| | - Harleen Shah
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, and Genomics and Proteomics Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, United States of America
| | - Jiaxi Song
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States of America
| | - Kelli Moreno
- Lpath Inc., 4025 Sorrento Valley Blvd. San Diego, CA, 92121, United States of America
| | - Barbara Visentin
- Lpath Inc., 4025 Sorrento Valley Blvd. San Diego, CA, 92121, United States of America
| | - Douglas Deutschman
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr. San Diego, CA. 92182-4614, United States of America
| | - David C Alsop
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, United States of America
| | - Michael B Atkins
- Departments of Oncology and Medicine, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC. United States of America
| | - James W Mier
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, United States of America
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States of America
| | - Manoj Bhasin
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, and Genomics and Proteomics Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, United States of America
| | - Roger A Sabbadini
- Lpath Inc., 4025 Sorrento Valley Blvd. San Diego, CA, 92121, United States of America
| | - Rupal S Bhatt
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, United States of America
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The sphingosine-1-phosphate/sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 axis regulates early airway T-cell infiltration in murine mast cell-dependent acute allergic responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:1008-1018.e1. [PMID: 25512083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid produced by mast cells (MCs) on cross-linking of their high-affinity receptors for IgE by antigen that can amplify MC responses by binding to its S1P receptors. An acute MC-dependent allergic reaction can lead to systemic shock, but the early events of its development in lung tissues have not been investigated, and S1P functions in the onset of allergic processes remain to be examined. OBJECTIVE We used a highly specific neutralizing anti-S1P antibody (mAb) and the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) antagonist JTE-013 to study the signaling contributions of S1P and S1PR2 to MC- and IgE-dependent airway allergic responses in mice within minutes after antigen challenge. METHODS Allergic reaction was triggered by a single intraperitoneal dose of antigen in sensitized mice pretreated intraperitoneally with anti-S1P, isotype control mAb, JTE-013, or vehicle before antigen challenge. RESULTS Kinetics experiments revealed early pulmonary infiltration of mostly T cells around blood vessels of sensitized mice 20 minutes after antigen exposure. Pretreatment with anti-S1P mAb inhibited in vitro MC activation, as well as in vivo development of airway infiltration and MC activation, reducing serum levels of histamine, cytokines, and the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein 1/CCL2, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α/CCL3, and RANTES/CCL5. S1PR2 antagonism or deficiency or MC deficiency recapitulated these results. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated MC S1PR2 dependency for chemokine release and the necessity for signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation. CONCLUSION Activation of S1PR2 by S1P and downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling in MCs regulate early T-cell recruitment to antigen-challenged lungs through chemokine production.
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Fügi MA, Kaiser M, Tanner M, Schneiter R, Mäser P, Guan XL. Match-making for posaconazole through systems thinking. Trends Parasitol 2014; 31:46-51. [PMID: 25486978 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Currently available drugs for Chagas' disease are limited by toxicity and low efficacy in the chronic stage. Posaconazole, the most advanced new anti-chagasic drug candidate, did not fully confirm its initial potential in a Phase II clinical trial for chronic Chagas' disease. Given that posaconazole is highly active against Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro, and was very well tolerated in clinical trials, it should not be abandoned. Rather, a combination therapy may provide a highly promising outlook. Systems-scale approaches facilitate the hunt for a combination partner for posaconazole, which acts by blocking sterol biosynthesis. Mounting evidence suggests the functional interactions between sterols and sphingolipids in vivo. Here, we propose combining sterol and sphingolipid biosynthesis inhibitors to advance drug development in Chagas' disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias A Fügi
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, CH-4000 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, CH-4000 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Tanner
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, CH-4000 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Pascal Mäser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, CH-4000 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xue Li Guan
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, CH-4000 Basel, Switzerland.
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Camaré C, Trayssac M, Garmy-Susini B, Mucher E, Sabbadini R, Salvayre R, Negre-Salvayre A. Oxidized LDL-induced angiogenesis involves sphingosine 1-phosphate: prevention by anti-S1P antibody. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:106-18. [PMID: 25176316 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neovascularization occurring in atherosclerotic lesions may promote plaque expansion, intraplaque haemorrhage and rupture. Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) are atherogenic, but their angiogenic effect is controversial; both angiogenic and anti-angiogenic effects have been reported. The angiogenic mechanism of oxLDL is partly understood, but the role of the angiogenic sphingolipid, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), in this process is not known. Thus, we investigated whether S1P is involved in the oxLDL-induced angiogenesis and whether an anti-S1P monoclonal antibody can prevent this effect. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Angiogenesis was assessed by capillary tube formation by human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) cultured on Matrigel and in vivo by the Matrigel plug assay in C57BL/6 mice. KEY RESULTS Human oxLDL exhibited a biphasic angiogenic effect on HMEC-1; low concentrations were angiogenic, higher concentrations were cytotoxic. The angiogenic response to oxLDL was blocked by the sphingosine kinase (SPHK) inhibitor, dimethylsphingosine, by SPHK1-siRNA and by an anti-S1P monoclonal antibody. Moreover, inhibition of oxLDL uptake and subsequent redox signalling by anti-CD36 and anti-LOX-1 receptor antibodies and by N-acetylcysteine, respectively, blocked SPHK1 activation and tube formation. In vivo, in the Matrigel plug assay, low concentrations of human oxLDL or murine oxVLDL also triggered angiogenesis, which was prevented by i.p. injection of the anti-S1P antibody. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These data highlight the role of S1P in angiogenesis induced by oxLDL both in HMEC-1 cultured on Matrigel and in vivo in the Matrigel plug model in mice, and demonstrate that the anti-S1P antibody effectively blocks the angiogenic effect of oxLDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Camaré
- Inserm UMR-1048, Toulouse, France; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toulouse, France
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Identification and characterization of a mirror-image oligonucleotide that binds and neutralizes sphingosine 1-phosphate, a central mediator of angiogenesis. Biochem J 2014; 462:153-62. [PMID: 24832383 PMCID: PMC4109837 DOI: 10.1042/bj20131422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The sphingolipid S1P (sphingosine 1-phosphate) is known to be involved in a number of pathophysiological conditions such as cancer, autoimmune diseases and fibrosis. It acts extracellularly through a set of five G-protein-coupled receptors, but its intracellular actions are also well documented. Employing in vitro selection techniques, we identified an L-aptamer (Spiegelmer®) to S1P designated NOX-S93. The binding affinity of NOX-S93 to S1P had a Kd value of 4.3 nM. The Spiegelmer® shows equal binding to dihydro-S1P, but no cross-reactivity to the related lipids sphingosine, lysophosphatidic acid, ceramide, ceramide-1-phosphate or sphingosine phosphocholine. In stably transfected CHO (Chinese-hamster ovary) cell lines expressing the S1P receptors S1PR1 or S1PR3, NOX-S93 inhibits S1P-mediated β-arrestin recruitment and intracellular calcium release respectively, with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range. The pro-angiogenic activity of S1P, and of the growth factors VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor-A), FGF-2 (fibroblast growth factor-2) and IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1), was effectively blocked by NOX-S93 in a cellular angiogenesis assay employing primary human endothelial cells. These data provide further evidence for the relevance of extracellular S1P as a central mediator of angiogenesis, suggesting pharmacological S1P neutralization as a promising treatment alternative to current anti-angiogenesis approaches. The mirror-image aptamer NOX-S93, identified by in vitro selection to bind specifically to S1P, inhibits signalling at S1P receptors. NOX-S93 inhibits the pro-angiogenic activity of S1P and other growth factors, revealing S1P neutralization as a promising anti-angiogenesis approach.
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Ma W, Paik DC, Barile GR. Bioactive lysophospholipids generated by hepatic lipase degradation of lipoproteins lead to complement activation via the classical pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:6187-93. [PMID: 25205869 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We determined bioactivity of lysophospholipids generated by degradation of the low-density (LDL), very low-density (VLDL), and high-density (HDL) lipoproteins with hepatic lipase (HL), cholesterol esterase (CE), and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). METHODS The LDL, VLDL, and HDL were treated with HL, CE, and Lp-PLA2 after immobilization on plates, and complement activation studies were performed with diluted human serum. Complement component 3 (C3) fixation, a marker for complement activation, was determined with a monoclonal anti-human C3d antibody. Enzymatic properties of HL and CE were assayed with triglyceride and phosphatidylcholine substrates for triglyceride hydrolase and phospholipase A activities. The ARPE-19 cells were used for viability studies. RESULTS The HL degradation of human lipoproteins LDL, VLDL, or HDL results in the formation of modified lipoproteins that can activate the complement pathway. Complement activation is dose- and time-dependent upon HL and occurs via the classical pathway. Enzymatic studies suggest that the phospholipase A1 activity of HL generates complement-activating lysophospholipids. C-reactive protein (CRP), known to simultaneously interact with complement C1 and complement factor H (CFH), further enhances HL-induced complement activation. The lysophospholipids, 1-Palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1-Oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, can be directly cytotoxic to ARPE-19 cells. CONCLUSIONS The HL degradation of lipoproteins, known to accumulate in the outer retina and in drusen, can lead to the formation of bioactive lysophospholipids that can trigger complement activation and induce RPE cellular dysfunction. Given the known risk associations for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with HL, CRP, and CFH, this study elucidates a possible damage pathway for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in genetically predisposed individuals, that HL activity may lead to accumulation of lysophospholipids to initiate complement activation, with CFH dysregulation exacerbating the effects of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchao Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - David C Paik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Gaetano R Barile
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
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Anand A, Sharma K, Chen W, Sharma NK. Using current data to define new approach in age related macular degeneration: need to accelerate translational research. Curr Genomics 2014; 15:266-77. [PMID: 25132797 PMCID: PMC4133950 DOI: 10.2174/1389202915666140516204512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the major retinal degenerative disease of ageing whose complex genetic basis remains undeciphered. The involvement of various other factors like mitochondrial genes, cytoskeletal proteins and the role of epigenetics has been described in this review. Several population based AMD genetic studies have been carried out worldwide. Despite the increased publication of reports, clinical translation still eludes this davastating disease. We suggest models to address roadblocks in clinical translation hoping that these would be beneficial to drive AMD research towards innovative biomarkers and therapeutics Therefore, addressing the need large autopsy studies and combining it with efficient use of bioinformatic tools, statistical modeling and probing SNP-biomarker association are key to time bound resolution of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Anand
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kaushal Sharma
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA
| | - Neel Kamal Sharma
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, USA
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Sphingosine-1-phosphate transporters as targets for cancer therapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:651727. [PMID: 25133174 PMCID: PMC4123566 DOI: 10.1155/2014/651727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a pleiotropic lipid mediator that regulates cell survival, migration, the recruitment of immune cells, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis, all of which are involved in cancer progression. S1P is generated inside cancer cells by sphingosine kinases then exported outside of the cell into the tumor microenvironment where it binds to any of five G protein coupled receptors and proceeds to regulate a variety of functions. We have recently reported on the mechanisms underlying the “inside-out” signaling of S1P, its export through the plasma membrane, and its interaction with cell surface receptors. Membrane lipids, including S1P, do not spontaneously exchange through lipid bilayers since the polar head groups do not readily go through the hydrophobic interior of the plasma membrane. Instead, specific transporter proteins exist on the membrane to exchange these lipids. This review summarizes what is known regarding S1P transport through the cell membrane via ATP-binding cassette transporters and the spinster 2 transporter and discusses the roles for these transporters in cancer and in the tumor microenvironment. Based on our research and the emerging understanding of the role of S1P signaling in cancer and in the tumor microenvironment, S1P transporters and S1P signaling hold promise as new therapeutic targets for cancer drug development.
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Brizuela L, Martin C, Jeannot P, Ader I, Gstalder C, Andrieu G, Bocquet M, Laffosse JM, Gomez-Brouchet A, Malavaud B, Sabbadini RA, Cuvillier O. Osteoblast-derived sphingosine 1-phosphate to induce proliferation and confer resistance to therapeutics to bone metastasis-derived prostate cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:1181-95. [PMID: 24768038 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) plays important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation or survival mainly through its surface G-protein-coupled receptors S1P1-5. Bone represents the major site of metastasis for prostate cancer (CaP) cells, which rely on bone-derived factors to support their proliferation and resistance to therapeutics. In the present work we have found that conditioned medium (CM) from the MC3T3 osteoblastic cell line or primary murine and human osteoblast-like cells, as well as co-culture with MC3T3 stimulate proliferation of CaP lines in S1P-dependent manner. In addition, osteoblastic-derived S1P induces resistance of CaP cells to therapeutics including chemotherapy and radiotherapy. When S1P release from osteoblastic cells is decreased (inhibition of SphK1, knock-down of SphK1 or the S1P transporter, Spns2 by siRNA) or secreted S1P neutralized with anti-S1P antibody, the proliferative and survival effects of osteoblasts on CaP cells are abolished. Because of the paracrine nature of the signaling, we studied the role of the S1P receptors expressed on CaP cells in the communication with S1P secreted by osteoblasts. Strategies aimed at down-regulating S1P1, S1P2 or S1P3 (siRNA, antagonists), established the exclusive role of the S1P/S1P1 signaling between osteoblasts and CaP cells. Bone metastases from CaP are associated with osteoblastic differentiation resulting in abnormal bone formation. We show that the autocrine S1P/S1P3 signaling is central during differentiation to mature osteoblasts by regulating Runx2 level, a key transcription factor involved in osteoblastic maturation. Importantly, differentiated osteoblasts exhibited enhanced secretion of S1P and further stimulated CaP cell proliferation in a S1P-dependent manner. By establishing the dual role of osteoblast-borne S1P on both osteoblastic differentiation and CaP cell proliferation and survival, we uncover the importance of S1P in the bone metastatic microenvironment, which may open a novel area of study for the treatment of CaP bone metastasis by targeting S1P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Brizuela
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France
| | - Claire Martin
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France
| | - Pauline Jeannot
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France
| | - Isabelle Ader
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France
| | - Cécile Gstalder
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France
| | - Guillaume Andrieu
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France
| | - Magalie Bocquet
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France
| | - Jean-Michel Laffosse
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France; CHU Toulouse, Service d'orthopédie et Traumatologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Gomez-Brouchet
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France; CHU Toulouse, Service d'Anatomopathologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Malavaud
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France; CHU Toulouse, Service d'Urologie et de Transplantation Rénale, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Olivier Cuvillier
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, France.
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Abdel-Magid AF. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) Receptor Modulators Provide Potential for Diverse Treatments. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:1014-5. [PMID: 24900597 DOI: 10.1021/ml400360y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Bigaud M, Guerini D, Billich A, Bassilana F, Brinkmann V. Second generation S1P pathway modulators: research strategies and clinical developments. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1841:745-58. [PMID: 24239768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous system (CNS) through demyelination and neurodegeneration. Until recently, major therapeutic treatments have relied on agents requiring injection delivery. In September 2010, fingolimod/FTY720 (Gilenya, Novartis) was approved as the first oral treatment for relapsing forms of MS. Fingolimod causes down-modulation of S1P1 receptors on lymphocytes which prevents the invasion of autoaggressive T cells into the CNS. In astrocytes, down-modulation of S1P1 by the drug reduces astrogliosis, a hallmark of MS, thereby allowing restoration of productive astrocyte communication with other neural cells and the blood brain barrier. Animal data further suggest that the drug directly supports the recovery of nerve conduction and remyelination. In human MS, such mechanisms may explain the significant decrease in the number of inflammatory markers on brain magnetic resonance imaging in recent clinical trials, and the reduction of brain atrophy by the drug. Fingolimod binds to 4 of the 5 known S1P receptor subtypes, and significant efforts were made over the past 5 years to develop next generation S1P receptor modulators and determine the minimal receptor selectivity needed for maximal therapeutic efficacy in MS patients. Other approaches considered were competitive antagonists of the S1P1 receptor, inhibitors of the S1P lyase to prevent S1P degradation, and anti-S1P antibodies. Below we discuss the current status of the field, and the functional properties of the most advanced compounds. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled New Frontiers in Sphingolipid Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bigaud
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Danilo Guerini
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Billich
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Volker Brinkmann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Therapies for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: current approaches and pharmacologic agents in development. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:830837. [PMID: 24319688 PMCID: PMC3844201 DOI: 10.1155/2013/830837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
As one of the leading causes of blindness, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has remained at the epicenter of clinical research in ophthalmology. During the past decade, focus of researchers has ranged from understanding the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the angiogenic cascades to developing new therapies for retinal vascular diseases. Anti-VEGF agents such as ranibizumab and aflibercept are becoming increasingly well-established therapies and have replaced earlier approaches such as laser photocoagulation or photodynamic therapy. Many other new therapeutic agents, which are in the early phase clinical trials, have shown promising results. The purpose of this paper is to briefly review the available treatment modalities for neovascular AMD and then focus on promising new therapies that are currently in various stages of development.
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46
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El-Kenawi AE, El-Remessy AB. Angiogenesis inhibitors in cancer therapy: mechanistic perspective on classification and treatment rationales. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170:712-29. [PMID: 23962094 PMCID: PMC3799588 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, a process of new blood vessel formation, is a prerequisite for tumour growth to supply the proliferating tumour with oxygen and nutrients. The angiogenic process may contribute to tumour progression, invasion and metastasis, and is generally accepted as an indicator of tumour prognosis. Therefore, targeting tumour angiogenesis has become of high clinical relevance. The current review aimed to highlight mechanistic details of anti-angiogenic therapies and how they relate to classification and treatment rationales. Angiogenesis inhibitors are classified into either direct inhibitors that target endothelial cells in the growing vasculature or indirect inhibitors that prevent the expression or block the activity of angiogenesis inducers. The latter class extends to include targeted therapy against oncogenes, conventional chemotherapeutic agents and drugs targeting other cells of the tumour micro-environment. Angiogenesis inhibitors may be used as either monotherapy or in combination with other anticancer drugs. In this context, many preclinical and clinical studies revealed higher therapeutic effectiveness of the combined treatments compared with individual treatments. The proper understanding of synergistic treatment modalities of angiogenesis inhibitors as well as their wide range of cellular targets could provide effective tools for future therapies of many types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa E El-Kenawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura UniversityMansoura, Egypt
| | - Azza B El-Remessy
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of GeorgiaAugusta, GA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Regents UniversityAugusta, GA, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical CenterAugusta, GA, USA
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Schwalm S, Pfeilschifter J, Huwiler A. Targeting the sphingosine kinase/sphingosine 1-phosphate pathway to treat chronic inflammatory kidney diseases. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 114:44-9. [PMID: 23789924 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney diseases including glomerulonephritis are often accompanied by acute or chronic inflammation that leads to an increase in extracellular matrix (ECM) production and subsequent glomerulosclerosis. Glomerulonephritis is one of the leading causes for end-stage renal failure with high morbidity and mortality, and there are still only a limited number of drugs for treatment available. In this MiniReview, we discuss the possibility of targeting sphingolipids, specifically the sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) pathway, as new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of glomerulonephritis, as this pathway was demonstrated to be dysregulated under disease conditions. Sphingosine 1-phosphate is a multifunctional signalling molecule, which was shown to influence several hallmarks of glomerulonephritis including mesangial cell proliferation, renal inflammation and fibrosis. Most importantly, the site of action of S1P determines the final effect on disease progression. Concerning renal fibrosis, extracellular S1P acts pro-fibrotic via activation of cell surface S1P receptors, whereas intracellular S1P was shown to attenuate the fibrotic response. Interference with S1P signalling by treatment with FTY720, an S1P receptor modulator, resulted in beneficial effects in various animal models of chronic kidney diseases. Also, sonepcizumab, a monoclonal anti-S1P antibody that neutralizes extracellular S1P, and a S1P-degrading recombinant S1P lyase are promising new strategies for the treatment of glomerulonephritis. In summary, especially due to the bifunctionality of S1P, the SphK1/S1P pathway provides multiple target sites for the treatment of chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Schwalm
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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O'Sullivan C, Dev KK. The structure and function of the S1P1 receptor. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2013; 34:401-12. [PMID: 23763867 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors (S1PRs) belong to the class A family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). S1PRs are widely expressed on many cell types, including those of the immune, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. The S1PR family is rapidly gaining attention as an important mediator of many cellular processes, including cell differentiation, migration, survival, angiogenesis, calcium homeostasis, inflammation and immunity. Importantly, S1PRs are known drug targets for multiple sclerosis (MS), for which the newly developed oral therapy fingolimod, an S1PR modulator, has recently been approved for clinical use. Much progress has also recently been made in the field of structural biology and in the modeling of heterotrimeric GPCRs allowing the crystal structure of the S1PR1 subtype to be elucidated and key interactions defined. Here, we outline the structure and function of S1PR1, highlighting the key residues involved in receptor activation, signaling, transmembrane interactions, ligand binding, post-translational modification, and protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine O'Sullivan
- Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Schneider G, Bryndza E, Abdel-Latif A, Ratajczak J, Maj M, Tarnowski M, Klyachkin YM, Houghton P, Morris AJ, Vater A, Klussmann S, Kucia M, Ratajczak MZ. Bioactive lipids S1P and C1P are prometastatic factors in human rhabdomyosarcoma, and their tissue levels increase in response to radio/chemotherapy. Mol Cancer Res 2013; 11:793-807. [PMID: 23615526 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that bioactive lipids may regulate pathophysiologic functions such as cancer cell metastasis. Therefore, we determined that the bioactive lipid chemoattractants sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) strongly enhanced the in vitro motility and adhesion of human rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cells. Importantly, this effect was observed at physiologic concentrations for both bioactive lipids, which are present in biologic fluids, and were much stronger than the effects observed in response to known RMS prometastatic factors such as stromal derived factors-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12) or hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF). We also present novel evidence that the levels of S1P and C1P were increased in several organs after γ-irradiation or chemotherapy, which indicates an unwanted prometastatic environment related to treatment. Critically, we found that the metastasis of RMS cells in response to S1P can be effectively inhibited in vivo with the S1P-specific binder NOX-S93 that is based on a high-affinity Spiegelmer. These data indicate that bioactive lipids play a vital role in dissemination of RMS and contribute to the unwanted side effects of radio/chemotherapy by creating a prometastatic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Schneider
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Billich A, Baumruker T, Beerli C, Bigaud M, Bruns C, Calzascia T, Isken A, Kinzel B, Loetscher E, Metzler B, Mueller M, Nuesslein-Hildesheim B, Kleylein-Sohn B. Partial deficiency of sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase confers protection in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59630. [PMID: 23544080 PMCID: PMC3609791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) regulates the egress of T cells from lymphoid organs; levels of S1P in the tissues are controlled by S1P lyase (Sgpl1). Hence, Sgpl1 offers a target to block T cell-dependent inflammatory processes. However, the involvement of Sgpl1 in models of disease has not been fully elucidated yet, since Sgpl1 KO mice have a short life-span. Methodology We generated inducible Sgpl1 KO mice featuring partial reduction of Sgpl1 activity and analyzed them with respect to sphingolipid levels, T-cell distribution, and response in models of inflammation. Principal Findings The partially Sgpl1 deficient mice are viable but feature profound reduction of peripheral T cells, similar to the constitutive KO mice. While thymic T cell development in these mice appears normal, mature T cells are retained in thymus and lymph nodes, leading to reduced T cell numbers in spleen and blood, with a skewing towards increased proportions of memory T cells and T regulatory cells. The therapeutic relevance of Sgpl1 is demonstrated by the fact that the inducible KO mice are protected in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). T cell immigration into the CNS was found to be profoundly reduced. Since S1P levels in the brain of the animals are unchanged, we conclude that protection in EAE is due to the peripheral effect on T cells, leading to reduced CNS immigration, rather than on local effects in the CNS. Significance The data suggest Sgpl1 as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- Aldehyde-Lyases/deficiency
- Aldehyde-Lyases/metabolism
- Animals
- Brain/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/blood
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/complications
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/enzymology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/blood
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/complications
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/pathology
- Immunologic Memory/immunology
- Integrases/metabolism
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphocyte Count
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Sheep
- Sphingolipids/metabolism
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/pathology
- Survival Analysis
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Thymus Gland/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Billich
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
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