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Gao H, Gao CC, Wang TT, Gao L, Li GW, Jin LY, He CW, Wang BY, Zhang L, Guo YX, Hua RX, Shang HW, Xu JD. An Unexpected Alteration Colonic Mucus Appearance in the Constipation Model via an Intestinal Microenvironment. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-14. [PMID: 35644608 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the lack of research between the inner layers in the structure of colonic mucous and the metabolism of fatty acid in the constipation model, we aim to determine the changes in the mucous phenotype of the colonic glycocalyx and the microbial community structure following treatment with Rhubarb extract in our research. The constipation and treatment models are generated using adult male C57BL/6N mice. We perform light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to detect a Muc2-rich inner mucus layer attached to mice colon under different conditions. In addition, 16S rDNA sequencing is performed to examine the intestinal flora. According to TEM images, we demonstrate that Rhubarb can promote mucin secretion and find direct evidence of dendritic structure-linked mucus structures with its assembly into a lamellar network in a pore size distribution in the isolated colon section. Moreover, the diversity of intestinal flora has noticeable changes in constipated mice. The present study characterizes a dendritic structure and persistent cross-links have significant changes accompanied by the alteration of intestinal flora in feces in models of constipation and pretreatment with Rhubarb extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chen-Chen Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Guang-Wen Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Liang-Yun Jin
- Experimental Center for Morphological Research Platform, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Cheng-Wei He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Bo-Ya Wang
- Undergraduate Student of 2018 Eight Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lucia Zhang
- Class of 2025, Loomis Chaffee School, 4 Batchelder Road, Windsor, CT 06095, USA
| | - Yue-Xin Guo
- Oral Medicine "5+3" process, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Rong-Xuan Hua
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hong-Wei Shang
- Experimental Center for Morphological Research Platform, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing-Dong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Czigle S, Bittner Fialová S, Tóth J, Mučaji P, Nagy M. Treatment of Gastrointestinal Disorders-Plants and Potential Mechanisms of Action of Their Constituents. Molecules 2022; 27:2881. [PMID: 35566230 PMCID: PMC9105531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of gastrointestinal diseases is about 40%, with standard pharmacotherapy being long-lasting and economically challenging. Of the dozens of diseases listed by the Rome IV Foundation criteria, for five of them (heartburn, dyspepsia, nausea and vomiting disorder, constipation, and diarrhoea), treatment with herbals is an official alternative, legislatively supported by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). However, for most plants, the Directive does not require a description of the mechanisms of action, which should be related to the therapeutic effect of the European plant in question. This review article, therefore, summarizes the basic pharmacological knowledge of synthetic drugs used in selected functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and correlates them with the constituents of medicinal plants. Therefore, the information presented here is intended as a starting point to support the claim that both empirical folk medicine and current and decades-old treatments with official herbal remedies have a rational basis in modern pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Czigle
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.B.F.); (J.T.); (P.M.); (M.N.)
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Semwal RB, Semwal DK, Combrinck S, Viljoen A. Emodin - A natural anthraquinone derivative with diverse pharmacological activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 190:112854. [PMID: 34311280 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-anthraquinone) is a natural anthraquinone derivative that is present in numerous globally renowned herbal medicines. It is recognised as a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor and as an anticancer drug, active against various tumour cells, including lung, breast, liver, and ovarian cancer cells. Recently, its role in combination chemotherapy with various allopathic medicines, to minimize their toxicity and to enhance their efficacy, has been studied. The use of emodin in these therapies is gaining popularity, due to fewer associated side effects compared with standard anticancer drugs. Emodin has a broad therapeutic window, and in addition to its antineoplastic activity, it displays anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, muscle relaxant, immunosuppressive and antifibrotic activities, in both in vitro and in vivo models. Although reviews on the anticancer activity of emodin have been published, none coherently unite all the pharmacological properties of emodin, particularly the anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, immunosuppressive and hepatoprotective activities of the compound. Hence, in this review, all of the available data regarding the pharmacological properties of emodin are explored, with particular emphasis on the modes of action of the molecule. In addition, the manuscript details the occurrence, biosynthesis and chemical synthesis of the compound, as well as its toxic effects on biotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Badoni Semwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Pt. Lalit Mohan Sharma Govt. Post Graduate College, Rishikesh, 249201, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Semwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Harrawala, Dehradun, 248001, India
| | - Sandra Combrinck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Alvaro Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
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Pharmacokinetics of Hu-Pi-Cheng-Qi decoction administered via enema to rats with acute pancreatitis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 133:1510-1512. [PMID: 32496305 PMCID: PMC7339358 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Liang C, Hui N, Liu Y, Qiao G, Li J, Tian L, Ju X, Jia M, Liu H, Cao W, Yu P, Li H, Ren X. Insights into forsythia honeysuckle (Lianhuaqingwen) capsules: A Chinese herbal medicine repurposed for COVID-19 pandemic. PHYTOMEDICINE PLUS : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 1:100027. [PMID: 35399819 PMCID: PMC7833308 DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Background In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 caused a series of acute atypical respiratory diseases worldwide. However, there is still a lack of drugs with clear curative effects, and the clinical trial research of vaccines has not been completely finished. Purpose LH capsules are approved TCM patent medicine that are widely used for the treatment of respiratory tract infectious diseases caused by colds and flu. On April 12, 2020, LH capsules and granules were officially repurposed by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) for patients with mild COVID-19 based on their safety and efficacy demonstrated through multicentre, randomized, controlled clinical trials. We hope to conduct a comprehensive review of it through modern pharmacy methods, and try to explain its possible mechanism. Methods Using the full names of LH capsules Lianhuaqingwen, Lianhua Qingwen andSARS-COV-2, COVID-19 as the keywords of the search terms, systemically search for existing related papers in various databases such as Web of Science and PubMed. And completed the collection of clinical data in ClinicalTrials.gov and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. Last but not least, we have sorted out the anti-inflammatory and antiviral mechanisms of LH capsules through literature and Selleck. Results This review systematically sorted out the active ingredients in LH capsules. Furthermore, the related pharmacological and clinical trials of LH capsule on SARS-CoV-2, IAV and IBV were discussed in detail. Moreover, the present review provides the first summary of the potential molecular mechanism of specific substances in LH capsules involved in resistance to SARS-COV-2 infection and the inhibition of cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) caused by IL-6. Conclusion This review summarizes the available reports and evidence that support the use of LH capsules as potential drug candidates for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. However, TCM exerts its effects through multiple targets and multiple pathways, and LH capsules are not an exception. Therefore, the relevant mechanisms need to be further improved and experimentally verified.
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Key Words
- 3C-like protease (3CLpro)
- 3CLpro, 3C-like protease
- ACE2, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- AECOPD, Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- AIDS, Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
- AQP3, Aquaporins 3
- ARDS, Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- CAT, COPD assessment test
- CC50, 50% Cytotoxic concentration
- CCL-2/MCP-1, C—C motif ligand 2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- CFDA, China Food and Drug Administration
- COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019
- CPE, Cytopathic effect
- CSS, Cytokine storm syndrome
- CT, Computed tomography
- CXCL-10/IP-10, C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10/ Interferon Gamma-induced Protein 10
- Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS)
- DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide
- E protein, Envelope protein
- ERK, Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- FBS, Fatal bovine serum
- Forsythia honeysuckle (Lianhuaqingwen,LH) capsules
- Grb2, Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2
- HIV, Human immunodeficiency virus
- HPLC, High-performance liquid chromatography
- HSV-1, Herpes simplex virus type 1
- HVJ, Hemagglutinating virus of Japan
- Hep-2, Human epithelial type 2
- Huh-7, Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma-7
- IAV, Influenza A virus
- IBV, Influenza B virus
- IC50, 50% Inhibition concentration
- IFN-λ1, Interferon-λ1
- IL-6, Interleukin-6
- IL-6R, IL-6 Receptor
- IL-8, Interleukin-8
- IP-10, Interferon-inducible protein-10
- JAK/STAT, Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription
- JAK1/2, Janus kinase1/2
- LD50, 50% Lethal dose
- LH capsules, Forsythia honeysuckle (Lianhuaqingwen) capsules
- M protein, Membrane protein
- MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MCP-1, Monocyte chemotactic protein 1
- MDCK, Madin-darby canine kidney
- MEK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
- MERS, Middle east respiratory syndrome
- MIP-1β, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1β
- MLD50, 50% Minimum lethal dose
- MOF, Multifunctional organ damage
- MOI, Multiplicity of infection
- MTT, Methyl Thiazolyl Tetrazolium
- NF-kB, Nuclear transcription factor kappa-B
- NHC, National Health Commission
- ORFs, Open reading frames
- PBS, Phosphate buffered saline
- PHN, Phillyrin
- PI3K, Phosphoinositide 3-kinases
- PKA/p-CREB, Protein kinase A /phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein
- PKB, Akt, Protein kinase B
- PLpro, Papain-like proteases
- PRC, People's Republic of China
- QC, Quality control
- RANTES, Regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted
- RSV, Respiratory syncytial virus
- RT-PCR, Reverse transcription PCR
- Ras, Ras GTPase
- SARS-CoV-2
- TCID50, 50% Tissue culture infective dose
- TD0, Non-toxic Dose
- TD50, Half-toxic dose
- Vero E6, African Green Monkey Kidney Epithelial-6
- gp-130, Glycoprotein 130
- mIL-6R, Membrane-bound form IL-6 Receptor
- mTOR, Mammalian target of rapamycin
- nsps, Non-structural proteins
- qPCR, Quantitative PCR
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Liang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Nan Hui
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Yuzhi Liu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Guaiping Qiao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Lei Tian
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Xingke Ju
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Minyi Jia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Hong Liu
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai 519030, PR China
| | - Wenqiang Cao
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai 519030, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Yu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Han Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Ren
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
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Cui Y, Hou Y, Zhang H, Liu Y, Mao K, Nie H, Ding Y. Regulation of Electrolyte Permeability by Herbal Monomers in Edematous Disorders. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:833-839. [PMID: 32940173 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200917144655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Edema is a gradual accumulation of fluid in the interstitial tissues or luminal cavities, which is regulated by ion transport pathways and reflects dysfunction of fluid and salt homeostasis. Increasing evidence suggests that some herbal monomers significantly reduce organ/tissue edema. In this review, we briefly summarized the electrolyte permeability involved in pathomechanisms of organ edema, and the benefits of herbal monomers on ionic transport machinery, including Na+-K+-ATPase, Na+ and Cl- channels, Na+-K+-2Cl- co-transporter, etc. Pharmaceutical relevance is implicated in developing advanced strategies to mitigate edematous disorders. In conclusion, the natural herbal monomers regulate electrolyte permeability in many edematous disorders, and further basic and clinical studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yapeng Hou
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Honglei Zhang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kejun Mao
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongguang Nie
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Liu S, Karo A, Agterberg S, Hua H, Bhargava A. Effects of stress-related peptides on chloride secretion in the mouse proximal colon. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14021. [PMID: 33118282 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress increases intestinal secretion and exacerbates symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Peripherally derived corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is known to mediate stress-induced intestinal secretion, presumably by activation of CRF1 receptors in the gut. The present study aimed to ascertain the role of CRF2 activation in intestinal secretion by three other members of CRF peptide family, urocortin (UCN) 1-3, in wild type (WT) and CRF2 knockout (Crhr2-/- ) mice. METHODS Mucosal/submucosal preparations from proximal colon of WT and Crhr2-/- mice of both sexes were mounted in Ussing chambers for measurement of short-circuit current (Isc ) as an indicator of ion secretion. KEY RESULTS Male mice demonstrated a significantly higher baseline Isc than female in both WT and Crhr2-/- genotypes. CRF and UCN1-3 (1 μM) caused greater increases in colonic Isc (ΔIsc ) in male than female. Colonic Isc response to the selective CRF1 agonist, stressin1, was similar in both sexes. In male mice, the selective CRF2 agonists (UCN2 and UCN3) caused significantly greater ΔIsc than CRF and stressin1. UCN2- and UCN3-evoked ΔISC was significantly reduced in preparations pretreated with the selective CRF2 antagonist antisauvagine-30 and in Crhr2-/- mice. The prosecretory effects of urocortins were due to increases in Cl- secretion and involved enteric neurons and mast cells. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCE The findings revealed sex differences in baseline colonic secretion and responses to stress-related peptides. CRF2 receptors play a more prominent role in colonic secretion in male mice. The greater baseline secretion and responses to UCNs may contribute to the higher prevalence of diarrhea-predominant IBS in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Liu
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Health, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, USA
| | - Aaron Karo
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Health, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, USA
| | - Sita Agterberg
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Health, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, USA
| | - Howard Hua
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Health, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, USA
| | - Aditi Bhargava
- Department of OBGYN, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Zheng LF, Ji T, Guo ZH, Wang T, Xiu XL, Liu XY, Li SC, Sun L, Xue H, Zhang Y, Zhu JX. Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 2 located in the human and murine gastric mucosa is involved in secretagogue-induced gastric acid secretion and is downregulated in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 880:173162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Liu C, Li S, Zhang Q, Guo F, Tong M, Martinez MFYM, Wang HH, Zhao Y, Shang D. Emerging Role of Chinese Herbal Medicines in the Treatment of Pancreatic Fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:709-726. [PMID: 31091974 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1950037x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic fibrosis is the main pathologic characteristic in chronic pancreatitis (CP), a common disease that arises from surgery. Pancreatitis is caused by various etiologies, but the mechanism of fibrosis is not completely understood. Existing clinical approaches mainly focus on mitigating the symptoms and therefore do not cure the phenomena. In recent years, there has been a heightened interest in the use of Chinese herbal medicine (CHMs) in the prevention and cure of CP as expressed by increasing numbers of clinical and experimental research. Despite early cell culture and animal models, CHMs are able to interact with plenty of molecular targets involved in the pathogenesis of pancreatic fibrosis mostly via the TGF- β /Smads pathway; however, integrated and up-to-date communication in this domain is unavailable. This review focuses on the research progress of CHMs against pancreatic fibrosis due to CP in vitro and in vivo and summarizes the potential mechanisms. We also outlined the toxicology of some CHMs for fibrosis treatment in order to provide a fuller understanding of drug safety. This review may provide reference for further innovative drug research and the future development of treatments for CP with pancreatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- * Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China.,† Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- * Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China.,† Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Qingkai Zhang
- * Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China.,† Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Fangyue Guo
- * Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China.,† Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Mengying Tong
- ‡ Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | | | - Heather H Wang
- ¶ Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yutong Zhao
- ¶ Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dong Shang
- * Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China.,† Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
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Dou F, Liu Y, Liu L, Wang J, Sun T, Mu F, Guo Q, Guo C, Jia N, Liu W, Ding Y, Wen A. Aloe-Emodin Ameliorates Renal Fibrosis Via Inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro. Rejuvenation Res 2018; 22:218-229. [PMID: 30215298 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2018.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the major pathological feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Aloe-emodin (AE), one of the main active compounds in Rhubarb, is widely used for renal protection. However, mechanisms implied in the modulation of kidney fibrosis after AE treatment for CKD remain elusive. Here, we explored the protective effects of AE for renal fibrosis and the involved mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. The renal fibrosis mice model was established by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). We found that AE administration significantly ameliorated UUO-induced impairment of kidney, evidenced by improved histopathological abnormalities, body weight, and abnormal renal function in mice model. Immunohistochemical staining showed that TGF-β1 and Fibronectin expressions were significantly decreased in UUO mice compared with sham group. Meanwhile, we found that AE suppressed the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway induced by TGF-β1 in vivo. AE improved cell survival and decreased the level of fibrosis-related proteins under TGF-β1-induced fibrosis in HK-2 cells as well as in vitro. Furthermore, both wortmannin, an inhibitor of PI3K, and short-hairpin RNAs of PI3K knockdown abrogated TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR, and decreased the suppression of fibrosis. These findings indicated that AE alleviated fibrosis by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in vivo and in vitro, which may provide a potential therapeutic option for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Dou
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - YueTong Liu
- 2 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Limin Liu
- 3 Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Ting Sun
- 4 Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Fei Mu
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Qiyan Guo
- 5 Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Chao Guo
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Na Jia
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Yi Ding
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Aidong Wen
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
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Liu F, Zhang J, Qian J, Wu G, Ma Z. Emodin alleviates CCl4‑induced liver fibrosis by suppressing epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and transforming growth factor‑β1 in rats. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3262-3270. [PMID: 30066878 PMCID: PMC6102702 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a chronic disease that exhibits a complicated pathophysiology. It is characterized by the deposition of the extracellular matrix. Emodin, an active constituent isolated from rhubarb, has antibacterial, immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, the mechanism through which emodin alleviates liver fibrosis in rats was investigated. A rat model of liver fibrosis was generated by administering CCl4 via subcutaneous injection twice a week for 12 weeks. Emodin or sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), as the vehicle, were intragastrically administered daily. After 12 weeks, the liver function index was examined by blood analysis, histopathological scores of fibrosis was determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining and level of collagen deposition was examined by Masson staining. In addition, protein and RNA samples were collected for further analysis. The results of the present study revealed that emodin significantly reduced the liver function index and level of collagen deposition in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, emodin reduced the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and the phosphorylation levels of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2/3, and inhibited the CCl4-induced downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of the mesenchymal markers, fibronectin and vimentin. The expression levels of TGF-β1, Snail family transcriptional repressor (Snail) 2, Snail, twist-related protein 1 and zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox (ZEB)1 and 2 mRNA were significantly decreased in emodin-treated groups compared with the untreated control. Collectively, the results of the present study suggested that emodin may exert antifibrotic effects via the suppression of TGF-β1 signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Nursing Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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Tian SL, Yang Y, Liu XL, Xu QB. Emodin Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis via Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Activities in Rats. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:1-10. [PMID: 29290631 PMCID: PMC5759514 DOI: 10.12659/msm.905496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) can severely damage lung function, which may result in death. Emodin is a major ingredient of rhubarb and has been proven to protect against lung disruptions. Our study focused on the potential medicinal effect of emodin against IPF. MATERIAL AND METHODS The experiment subjects were fully-grown male Sprague-Dawley rats with average weight of 180-220 kg. Histological analyses, Western blotting analysis, quantitative real-time PCR, and statistical analysis were used in the study. RESULTS We found that emodin significantly reduced lung structural distortion, collagen overproduction, massive inflammatory cells infiltration, proinflammatory cytokines expansion, and injuries caused by administration of bleomycin (BLM). Additionally, emodin suppressed the accumulation of p-IκBα and NF-κB, while stimulating the Nrf2-antioxidant signaling process in damaged lungs. Emodin inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by BLM in the lungs. Moreover, emodin suppressed the TGF-β1 expression and the downstream signal molecules p-Smad-2 and p-Smad-3, which are reinforced by BLM. Emodin can also reverse EMT-like shifts induced by recombinant TGF-β1 in alveolar epithelial cultured cells. CONCLUSIONS The effect of emodin in fibrotic lung injury is closely related to its favorable properties of anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Lan Tian
- The Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Yang
- Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Liu Liu
- Medical School, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Qing-Bang Xu
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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Guan R, Wang X, Zhao X, Song N, Zhu J, Wang J, Wang J, Xia C, Chen Y, Zhu D, Shen L. Emodin ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibroblast activation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35696. [PMID: 27774992 PMCID: PMC5075925 DOI: 10.1038/srep35696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of TGF-β1 is frequently encountered and promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibroblast activation in pulmonary fibrosis. The present study investigated whether emodin mediates its effect via suppressing TGF-β1-induced EMT and fibroblast activation in bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Here, we found that emodin induced apoptosis and inhibited cellular proliferation, migration and differentiation in TGF-β1-stimulated human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HELFs). Emodin suppressed TGF-β1-induced EMT in a dose- and time-dependent manner in alveolar epithelial A549 cells. Emodin also inhibited TGF-β1-induced Smad2, Smad3 and Erk1/2 activation, suggesting that Smad2/3 and Erk1/2 inactivation mediated the emodin-induced effects on TGF-β1-induced EMT. Additionally, we provided in vivo evidence suggesting that emodin apparently alleviated BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and improved pulmonary function by inhibiting TGF-β1 signaling and subsequently repressing EMT, fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Taken together, our data suggest that emodin mediates its effects mainly via inhibition of EMT and fibroblast activation and thus has a potential for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Guan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nana Song
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jimin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jijiang Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmei Xia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghua Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danian Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zu C, Zhang M, Xue H, Cai X, Zhao L, He A, Qin G, Yang C, Zheng X. Emodin induces apoptosis of human breast cancer cells by modulating the expression of apoptosis-related genes. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2919-2924. [PMID: 26722264 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of emodin on the proliferation of human breast cancer cells Bcap-37 and ZR-75-30. Cell viability following emodin treatment was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The effects of emodin on apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide staining. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to determine changes in the expression of apoptotic genes and protein, respectively. The effect of emodin on the invasiveness of breast cancer cells was evaluated by Matrigel invasion assay. Treatment of breast cancer cells Bcap-37 and ZR-75-30 with emodin was observed to inhibit the growth and induced apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Emodin reduced the level of Bcl-2 and increased levels of cleaved caspase-3, PARP, p53 and Bax. These findings indicate that emodin induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Emodin may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zu
- Lab 1, Cancer Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Mingdi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Cai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Center of Experiment Technology and Medical Research, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Anning He
- Lab 1, Cancer Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Guangyuan Qin
- Lab 1, Cancer Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Chunshu Yang
- Lab 1, Cancer Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Zheng
- Lab 1, Cancer Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China ; Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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15
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Dovbynchuk T, Zakordonets L, Putnikov A, Vareniuk I, Tiapko O, Roslova N, Sergiychuk T, Lynchak O, Dzerzhynsky M, Beregova T, Tolstanova G. [NET WATER TRANSPORT VIA RAT COLON EPITELIUM UNDER THE EXPERIMENTAL DYSBIOSIS]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 61:76-85. [PMID: 27025048 DOI: 10.15407/fz61.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cephalosporin antibiotic ceftriaxone (50 mg/kg, i/m) and mac- rolide antibiotic azithromycin (15 mg/kg, per.os.) on net water transport across rat colonic epithelium. Study was done on male Wistar rats (180-250 g). Azithromycin or ceftriaxone was injected daily for 5 days. Net water transport was evaluated on the 6th day by isolated colonic loop perfusion technique in vivo on anaesthetized rats. Treatment with azithromycin increased 2,4-fold the absorption of water, while ceftriaxone caused decrease 1,9-fold water absorption. The antibiotics treatment within five days didn't change the composition of the fecal and colonic parietal microbiota. Azithromycin-induced increase in water absorption was associated with upregulation of AQP 8 water channel expression (P < 0.05) in colonic mucosa. Ceftriaxone treatment didn't change protein level of AQP8 but induced pro-inflammatory changes in colonic mucosa structure and mast cells degranulation. We showed for the first time the opposite effects ofmacrolide and cephalosporin antibiotics on net water transport across rat colonic epithelium.
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16
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Zhao SJ, Wang SJ, Li HX, Dong LH, He HJ, Liu ZM, Wang YS. Protection effect of Emodin pretreatment on intestinal I-RI damage of intestinal mucosa in ratsa. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60129-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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17
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Ma L, Li W. Emodin inhibits LOVO colorectal cancer cell proliferation via the regulation of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and cytochrome c.. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:1225-1228. [PMID: 25187829 PMCID: PMC4151688 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of emodin and its mechanism of action were investigated in LOVO colorectal cancer cells. Cell growth was determined using a Cell Counting kit-8 assay, and the results demonstrated that emodin significantly inhibited the growth of LOVO cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In order to investigate the anticancer mechanism of emodin, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays were performed to determine the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) expression ratio in LOVO colorectal cancer cells following treatment with emodin. The results showed that emodin induced a significant increase in the Bax expression level and a marked reduction of the Bcl-2 expression level in LOVO cells. In addition, emodin was found to have an inhibitory effect on the mitochondrial membrane potential and the results from the western blot analysis revealed that cytochrome c was released from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm. In combination, these results suggest that emodin inhibits cancer cell growth via the regulation of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and by its effect on the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Wusheng Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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18
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Gong XH, Li Y, Zhang RQ, Xie XF, Peng C, Li YX. The synergism mechanism of Rhubarb Anthraquinones on constipation elucidated by comparative pharmacokinetics of Rhubarb extract between normal and diseased rats. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2014; 40:379-88. [PMID: 24996641 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-014-0216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the study, it was hypothesized that Rhubarb Anthraquinones synergistically enhanced the purgative effect on constipation rat from the direct and indirect pathway at the same time. A validated HPLC method was successfully applied to elucidate the synergism mechanism from pharmacokinetics aspect after oral administration of Rhubarb extract with a dose of 0.25 g to normal and constipation rats. Comparison of the pharmacokinetic data of normal and constipation rats showed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the main pharmacokinetic parameters. The C max and AUC of emodin in constipation rats were about ten times that of normal rats, while the t 1/2 was remarkably decreased (p < 0.05). However, a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in AUC value for aloe-emodin and rhein was observed in model group compared with normal group. The results may be attributed to the direct action of aloe-emodin and rhein on intestinal cell membranes and the indirect action of emodin on bowel movement through the adjustment by nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Gong
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruo-Qi Zhang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fang Xie
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Peng
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun-Xia Li
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Emodin accentuates atrial natriuretic peptide secretion in cardiac atria. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 735:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Omar JM, Yang H, Li S, Marquardt RR, Jones PJH. Development of an improved reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous analyses of trans-/cis-resveratrol, quercetin, and emodin in commercial resveratrol supplements. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5812-5817. [PMID: 24894567 DOI: 10.1021/jf5001277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of the study were to develop a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous analyses of trans-/cis-resveratrol, emodin, and quercetin and to determine the concentrations of these polyphenols in 28 resveratrol supplements. Samples were separated within 15 min in a C18 reversed-phase column using mobile phases containing 0.1% formic acid and methanol/0.1% formic acid. The calibration graphs for all four compounds were linear from 0.1 to 410 μg/mL (r2=0.99). The concentration of resveratrol as stated on the labels was often different from the analytical results, with 21 and 11% of the total supplements having low or high values, respectively. Many of the supplements also contained variable but generally low levels of emodin, a compound known to cause diarrhea. The proposed method is a rapid, sensitive, accurate, and cost-effective procedure that can be used for the simultaneous quantification of four polyphenols in resveratrol supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn M Omar
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba , 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
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Li A, Dong L, Duan ML, Sun K, Liu YY, Wang MX, Deng JN, Fan JY, Wang BE, Han JY. Emodin improves lipopolysaccharide-induced microcirculatory disturbance in rat mesentery. Microcirculation 2014; 20:617-28. [PMID: 23551520 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Emodin is a major ingredient of Rheum Palmatum, a Chinese herb that is widely used in China for treatment of endotoxemia-related diseases. This study intended to examine the effect of Emodin on LPS-induced rat mesenteric microcirculatory disturbance and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The male Wistar rats received LPS (5 mg/kg/hr) for 90 min, with or without administration of Emodin (10 mg/kg/hr) by enema 30 min before (pre-treatment) or after (post-treatment) LPS infusion, and the dynamics of mesenteric microcirculation were determined by inverted intravital microscopy. Expression of adhesion molecules and TLR4, NF-κB p65, ICAM-1, MPO, and AP-1 in mesentery tissue was evaluated by flow cytometry and Western-blot, respectively. RESULTS Pre or post-treatment with Emodin significantly ameliorated LPS-induced leukocyte emigration, reactive oxygen species production and albumin leakage, and the expression of TLR4, NF-κB p65, ICAM-1, MPO and AP-1 in mesentery. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the beneficial role of Emodin in attenuating the LPS-induced microcirculatory disturbance, and support the use of Emodin for patients with endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Jia X, Iwanowycz S, Wang J, Saaoud F, Yu F, Wang Y, Hu J, Chatterjee S, Wang Q, Fan D. Emodin attenuates systemic and liver inflammation in hyperlipidemic mice administrated with lipopolysaccharides. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1025-1035. [PMID: 24740873 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214530247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major epidemics of the modern societies and has an inflammatory component in the pathogenesis. However, approved anti-inflammatory therapies are not currently available for the prevention of the transition from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We aimed to test if a Chinese herb-derived compound, emodin could halt the simple steatosis to NASH transition. LDLR-/- mice were fed a western-type diet for 10 weeks; and during the last four weeks, the mice were intra-peritoneally injected daily with LPS with or without emodin. Systemic inflammation was evaluated by measurement of serum levels of cytokines and chemokines and flow cytometric analysis of spleen leukocytes. Liver inflammation was determined by histology, immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were performed to examine the effects of emodin on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages. Our data showed that emodin ameliorated systemic inflammation, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver, and attenuated liver function impairment. In vitro experiments showed emodin inhibited LPS-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages through suppressing Erk1/2 and p38 signaling. In conclusion, emodin inhibited the transition from simple steatosis to NASH in hyperlipidemic mice challenged with LPS through suppressing systemic and macrophage inflammation. Emodin may be developed as a therapy for NAFLD by the virtue of its anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Jia
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia SC 29209, USA
| | - Stephen Iwanowycz
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia SC 29209, USA
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia SC 29209, USA Centre for Stem Cell Research and Application, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia SC 29209, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia SC 29209, USA Department of nutrition and food hygiene, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia SC 29209, USA
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208, USA
| | - Daping Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia SC 29209, USA
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