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Yuan H, Yi N, Li D, Xu C, Yin GR, Zhuang C, Wang YJ, Ni S. PPARγ regulates osteoarthritis chondrocytes apoptosis through caspase-3 dependent mitochondrial pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11237. [PMID: 38755283 PMCID: PMC11099036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62116-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis, characterized by a complex pathogenesis. One of the key factors contributing to its development is the apoptosis of chondrocytes triggered by oxidative stress. Involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has been reported in the regulation of oxidative stress. However, there remains unclear mechanisms that through which PPARγ influences the pathogenesis of OA. The present study aims to delve into the role of PPARγ in chondrocytes apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in the context of OA. Primary human chondrocytes, both relatively normal and OA, were isolated and cultured for the following study. Various assessments were performed, including measurements of cell proliferation, viability and cytotoxicity. Additionally, we examined cell apoptosis, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cytochrome C release. We also evaluated the expression of related genes and proteins, such as collagen type II (Col2a1), aggrecan, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), caspase-9, caspase-3 and PPARγ. Compared with relatively normal cartilage, the expression of PPARγ in OA cartilage was down-regulated. The proliferation of OA chondrocytes decreased, accompanied by an increase in the apoptosis rate. Down-regulation of PPARγ expression in OA chondrocytes coincided with an up-regulation of iNOS expression, leading to increased secretion of NO, endogenous ROS production, and decrease of MMP levels. Furthermore, we observed the release of cytochrome C, elevated caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities, and reduction of the components of extracellular matrix (ECM) Col2a1 and aggrecan. Accordingly, utilization of GW1929 (PPARγ Agonists) or Z-DEVD-FMK (caspase-3 inhibitor) can protect chondrocytes from mitochondrial-related apoptosis and alleviate the progression of OA. During the progression of OA, excessive oxidative stress in chondrocytes leads to apoptosis and ECM degradation. Activation of PPARγ can postpone OA by down-regulating caspase-3-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yuan
- Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ning Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Guang-Rong Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhuang
- Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
- Laboratory of Clinical Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Yu-Ji Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
- Laboratory of Clinical Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Su Ni
- Bone Disease Research and Clinical Rehabilitation Center, Changzhou Medical Center, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
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Molani-Gol R, Dehghani A, Rafraf M. Effects of curcumin/turmeric supplementation on the liver enzymes, lipid profiles, glycemic index, and anthropometric indices in non-alcoholic fatty liver patients: An umbrella meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2024; 38:539-555. [PMID: 37918958 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. The evidence for curcumin's effects on patients with NAFLD is accumulating; however, meta-analyses have reported mixed results. The current umbrella meta-analysis aimed to assess the present evidence and provide an accurate estimate of the overall effects of curcumin/turmeric on NAFLD patients. The Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases were searched till March 2023 using MeSH terms and related keywords based on the PICO criteria. Meta-analysis studies evaluating the effects of curcumin/turmeric supplementation on NAFLD patients that reported the effect sizes (ES) and corresponding confidence intervals (CI) were eligible for inclusion in this study. All articles were screened by considering the eligibility criteria by two independent reviewers and required data were extracted from the included meta-analyses. The meta-analysis was performed utilizing a random-effects model by STATA software. Findings of 11 meta-analyses of 99 randomized controlled trials comprising 5546 participants revealed that curcumin/turmeric supplementation reduced AST (ES = -1.072, 95% CI (-1.656, -0.488), p = 0.000), ALT (ES = -0.625, 95% CI (-1.170, -0.134), p = 0.014), and TG (ES = -0.469, 95% CI (-1.057, 0.119), p = 0.128) levels, and HOMA-IR (ES = -0.291, 95% CI (-0.368, -0.214), p = 0.000), BMI (ES = -0.205, 95% CI (-0.304, -0.107), p = 0.000), and WC (ES = -1.290, 95% CI (-2.038, -0.541), p = 0.001) in comparison to the control group. However, the effects of curcumin on GGT, ALP, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, FBS, and HbA1C levels and body weight were not significant. The findings suggest the beneficial effects of curcumin/turmeric supplementation in patients with NAFLD, such as improving liver function, decreasing serum TG levels, ameliorating insulin resistance, and reducing general and central obesity. Nevertheless, high-quality research is further required to prove these achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Molani-Gol
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Dehghani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rafraf
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Raina J, Firdous A, Singh G, Kumar R, Kaur C. Role of polyphenols in the management of diabetic complications. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 122:155155. [PMID: 37922790 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes Mellitus is an endocrine disorder that will affect, about 693 million adults by 2045 worldwide, (>50% increase from 2017). The conventional treatment of the disease, include the oral hypoglycemic drugs which are given in combination with other drugs and are known to possess various adverse effects like gastrointestinal disturbance, nausea, water retention etc. PURPOSE: Due to the urgent need of combating this disorder without side effects, the alternative and complementary therapies should be explored due to their natural origins and comparable safety. Herbal sources serve as new leads, due to the presence of phytoconstituents with potential therapeutic properties, efficacy and safety. In this review, we tried to summarise the polyphenolic phytoconstituents effective in the treatment of diabetic complications. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using 4 databases (Google scholar, Pubmed, Scopus, Embase) for the identification of relevant data. Search was performed using various key words such as "diabetes", "polyphenols", "marine sources","anti-diabetic polyphenols". The in vitro studies involving the cell lines used in diabetes and animal models were also considered for inclusion. Additional research papers were identified by reviewing abstracts, scrutinizing reference lists, and reviewing previously published review articles. RESULTS Polyphenols, a group of phytoconstituents are known worldwide for their tremendous antioxidant potential. So, various research groups have explored their mechanism and therapeutic value in diabetic complications, to improve the insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, in controlling the glycemic conditions. CONCLUSION Polyphenols exhibit effective therapeutic potential in managing diabetic complications through their multifaceted mechanism of action. They exhibit antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-glycemic properties, which collectively contribute to their beneficial effects in mitigating diabetic complications. Thus, the inclusion of polyphenols into the diet, may be cosidered as an approach of managing diabetes on long term basis. In this review, we have tried to identify polyphenols effective in diabetes and summarize their mechanism of action along with their potential, for the treatment of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevika Raina
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | | | - Gurvinder Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India.
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Xu K, Lu G, Feng Q, Chen S, Wang Y. Hepatoprotective effect of protocatechuic acid against type 2 diabetes-induced liver injury. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:737-745. [PMID: 37129023 PMCID: PMC10155631 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2181359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Protocatechuic acid (PCA) has a protective effect on alcoholic liver injury, but the role of PCA in type 2 diabetes-induced liver injury is not well known. OBJECTIVES This study explores the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of PCA on type 2 diabetes-induced liver injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS An insulin resistance/type 2 diabetic (IR/D) model was established by high-fat diet for 4 weeks + streptozotocin (35 mg/kg; i.p) in male Wistar rats pretreated with or without PCA (15 or 30 mg/kg for 6 d). RESULTS PCA at 15 and 30 mg/kg significantly upregulated the levels of body weight (BW; 230.2, 257.8 g), high density lipids (22.68, 34.78 mg/dL), glutathione (10.24, 16.21 nmol/mg), superoxide dismutase (21.62, 29.34 U/mg), glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose transporter-4, Wnt1, and β-catenin, while downregulating those of liver weight (LW; 9.4, 6.7 g), BW/LW (4.1, 2.6%), serum glucose (165, 120 mg/dL), serum insulin (13.46, 8.67 μIU/mL), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (5.48, 2.57), total cholesterol (68.52, 54.31 mg/dL), triglycerides (72.15, 59.64 mg/dL), low density lipids (42.18, 30.71), aspartate aminotransferase (54.34 and 38.68 U/L), alanine aminotransferase (42.87, 29.98 U/L), alkaline phosphatase (210.16, 126.47 U/L), malondialdehyde (16.52, 10.35), pro-inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α (149.67, 120.33 pg/mg)) , IL-6 (89.79, 73.69 pg/mg) and IL-1β (49.67, 38.73 pg/mg)), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and interleukin-1β, and ameliorated the abnormal pathological changes in IR/D rats. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION PCA mitigates the IR, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in liver tissues of IR/D rats by modulating the NF-κB and Wnt1/β-catenin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixia Xu
- Basic Medical School, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Guang Lu
- Basic Medical School, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Qianjin Feng
- Basic Medical School, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Shuangchao Chen
- Basic Medical School, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Basic Medical School, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shanxi Province, China
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Kolahdooz H, Khori V, Erfani-Moghadam V, Livani F, Mohammadi S, Memarian A. Niosomal Curcumin Suppresses IL17/IL23 Immunopathogenic Axis in Skin Lesions of Psoriatic Patients: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051076. [PMID: 37240721 DOI: 10.3390/life13051076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis (PS) is characterized by hyperplasia of epidermis and infiltration of immune cells in the dermis. A negligible susceptibility of hypodermic permeation for local anti-inflammatory remedies is one of the major causes of medication failures. Although curcumin (CUR) has indicated effectiveness in treatment of inflammation, its successful permeation through the stratum corneum is yet a challenging issue. Therefore, niosome (NIO) nanoparticles were used as curcumin carriers to enhance its delivery and anti-inflammatory effects. Curcumin-niosome (CUR-NIO) formulations were constructed by the thin-film-hydration (TFH) technique and were added to hyaluronic acid and Marine-collagen gel-based formulation. Five mild-to-moderate PS patients (18-60 years) with PASI scores < 30 with symmetrical and similar lesions were included in the study. The prepared formulation (CUR 15 µM) was topically administered for 4 weeks on the skin lesions, in comparison to the placebo. Clinical skin manifestations were monitored and skin punches were obtained for further gene expression analyses. There was a significant reduction in redness, scaling, and an apparent improvement in CUR-NIO-treated group in comparison to the placebo-treated counterpart. The gene expression analyses resulted in significantly downregulation of IL17, IL23, IL22, and TNFα, S100A7, S100A12, and Ki67 in CUR-NIO-treated lesions. Consequently, CUR-NIO could provide therapeutic approaches for the patients with mild-to-moderate PS by suppressing the IL17/IL23 immunopathogenic axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Kolahdooz
- Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 49341-74515, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 49341-74515, Iran
| | - Vahid Khori
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 49341-74515, Iran
| | - Vahid Erfani-Moghadam
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 49341-74515, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Livani
- Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Sayyad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 49341-74515, Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 49341-74515, Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 49341-74515, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 49341-74515, Iran
| | - Ali Memarian
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 49341-74515, Iran
- Rheumatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 49341-74515, Iran
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Liu J, Jin Z, Wang X, Jakoš T, Zhu J, Yuan Y. RAGE pathways play an important role in regulation of organ fibrosis. Life Sci 2023; 323:121713. [PMID: 37088412 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Organ fibrosis is a pathological process of fibroblast activation and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix after persistent tissue injury and therefore is a common endpoint of many organ pathologies. Multiple cellular types and soluble mediators, including chemokines, cytokines and non-peptidic factors, are implicated in fibrogenesis and the remodeling of tissue architecture. The molecular basis of the fibrotic process is complex and consists of closely intertwined signaling networks. Research has strived for a better understanding of these pathological mechanisms to potentially reveal novel therapeutic targets for fibrotic diseases. In light of new knowledge, the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) emerged as an important candidate for the regulation of a wide variety of cellular functions related to fibrosis, including inflammation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. RAGE is a pattern recognition receptor that binds a broad range of ligands such as advanced glycation end products, high mobility group box-1, S-100 calcium-binding protein and amyloid beta protein. Although the link between RAGE and fibrosis has been established, the exact mechanisms need be investigated in further studies. The aim of this review is to collect all available information about the intricate function of RAGE and its signaling cascades in the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases within different organs. In addition, to the major ligands and signaling pathways, we discuss potential strategies for targeting RAGE in fibrosis. We emphasize the functional links between RAGE, inflammation and fibrosis that may guide further studies and the development of improved therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201100, China.
| | - Zhedong Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201100, China.
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201100, China.
| | - Tanja Jakoš
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201100, China.
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201100, China.
| | - Yunsheng Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201100, China.
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Abouelezz HM, Shehatou GS, Shebl AM, Salem HA. A standardized pomegranate fruit extract ameliorates thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats via AGE-RAGE-ROS signaling. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14256. [PMID: 36938469 PMCID: PMC10015255 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate a possible mechanism that may mediate the hepatoprotective effects of pomegranate fruit extract (PFE) against thioacetamide (THIO)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 8 each): control; PFE (150 mg/kg/day, orally); THIO (200 mg/kg, i.p, 3 times a week); and THIO and PFE-treated groups. Oral PFE treatment decreased liver/body weight ratio by 12.4%, diminished serum function levels of ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, and total bilirubin, increased serum albumin, boosted hepatic GSH (by 35.6%) and SOD (by 17.5%), and significantly reduced hepatic levels of ROS, MDA, 4-HNE, AGEs, and RAGE in THIO-fibrotic rats relative to untreated THIO group. Moreover, PFE administration downregulated the hepatic levels of profibrotic TGF-β1 (by 23.0%, P < 0.001) and TIMP-1 (by 41.5%, P < 0.001), attenuated α-SMA protein expression, decreased serum HA levels (by 41.3%), and reduced the hepatic levels of the fibrosis markers hydroxyproline (by 26.0%, P < 0.001), collagen type IV (by 44.3%, P < 0.001) and laminin (by 43.4%, P < 0.001) compared to the untreated THIO group. The histopathological examination has corroborated these findings, where PFE decreased hepatic nodule incidence, attenuated portal necroinflammation and reduced extent of fibrosis. These findings may suggest that oral PFE administration could slow the progression of hepatic fibrogenesis via reducing hepatic levels of AGEs, RAGE, ROS, TGF-β1, and TIMP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer M. Abouelezz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
| | - George S.G. Shehatou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa City, Egypt
| | - Abdelhadi M. Shebl
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hatem A. Salem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Mahmoudi A, Atkin SL, Jamialahmadi T, Banach M, Sahebkar A. Effect of Curcumin on Attenuation of Liver Cirrhosis via Genes/Proteins and Pathways: A System Pharmacology Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204344. [PMID: 36297027 PMCID: PMC9609422 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver cirrhosis is a life-threatening seqsuel of many chronic liver disorders of varying etiologies. In this study, we investigated protein targets of curcumin in liver cirrhosis based on a bioinformatics approach. Methods: Gene/protein associations with curcumin and liver cirrhosis were probed in drug−gene and gene−diseases databases including STITCH/DGIdb/DisGeNET/OMIM/DISEASES/CTD/Pharos and SwissTargetPrediction. Critical clustering groups (MCODE), hub candidates and critical hub genes in liver cirrhosis were identified, and connections between curcumin and liver cirrhosis-related genes were analyzed via Venn diagram. Interaction of hub genes with curcumin by molecular docking using PyRx-virtual screening tools was performed. Results: MCODE analysis indicated three MCODEs; the cluster (MCODE 1) comprised 79 nodes and 881 edges (score: 22.59). Curcumin database interactions recognized 318 protein targets. Liver cirrhosis genes and curcumin protein targets analysis demonstrated 96 shared proteins, suggesting that curcumin may influence 20 candidate and 13 hub genes, covering 81% of liver cirrhosis critical genes and proteins. Thirteen shared proteins affected oxidative stress regulation, RNA, telomerase activity, cell proliferation, and cell death. Molecular docking analysis showed the affinity of curcumin binding hub genes (Binding affinity: ΔG < −4.9 kcal/mol). Conclusions: Curcumin impacted on several critical liver cirrhosis genes mainly involved in extracellular matrix communication, focal adhesion, and the response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoudi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Stephen L. Atkin
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, RCSI Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.B.); or (A.S.); Tel.: +98-513-180-1239 (A.S.); Fax: +98-513-800-2287 (A.S.)
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.B.); or (A.S.); Tel.: +98-513-180-1239 (A.S.); Fax: +98-513-800-2287 (A.S.)
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Investigating Polyphenol Nanoformulations for Therapeutic Targets against Diabetes Mellitus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5649156. [PMID: 35832521 PMCID: PMC9273389 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5649156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a fatal metabolic disorder, and its prevalence has escalated in recent decades to a greater extent. Since the incidence and severity of the disease are constantly increasing, plenty of therapeutic approaches are being considered as a promising solution. Many dietary polyphenols have been reported to be effective against diabetes along with its accompanying vascular consequences by targeting multiple therapeutic targets. Additionally, the biocompatibility of these polyphenols raises questions about their use as pharmacological mediators. Nevertheless, the pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical properties of these polyphenols limit their clinical benefit as therapeutics. Pharmaceutical industries have attempted to improve compliance and therapeutic effects. However, nanotechnological approaches to overcome the pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical barriers associated with polyphenols as antidiabetic medications have been shown to be effective to improve clinical compliance and efficacy. Therefore, this review highlighted a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of polyphenol nanoformulations in the treatment of diabetes and vascular consequences.
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Khalili L, Nammi S. The effects of curcumin supplementation on metabolic biomarkers and body mass index in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1911-1925. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220328111141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims:
Curcumin is one of the most commonly used indigenous molecules endowed with various shielding functionalities that protect the liver. In the present research, we aimed to investigate the effects of curcumin on metabolic factors and body mass index (BMI) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), using a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials.
Methods::
Online databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Science Direct were searched until April 2021 to identify eligible articles. Fourteen trials were included.
Results: The results showed that curcumin consumption could significantly reduce AST (-0.35, (-0.57 to -0.14)), total cholesterol (-0.81, (-1.34 to -0.27)), TG (-0.49, (-0.71 to -0.27)), and FBS (-0.28, (-0.46 to -0.09)) in patients with NAFLD. However, the improvements in ALT (-0.29, (-0.58 to 0.00)), LDL (-0.48, (-0.97 to 0.01)), HDL (0.03, (-0.38 to 0.44)), and BMI (-0.13, (-0.29 to 0.02)) were not statistically significant. Furthermore, the findings revealed that the optimal dose and duration of curcumin consumption for patients with NAFLD is <500 mg/d for less than 10 weeks.
Conclusions:
The present study suggests that consuming curcumin can improve liver enzymes, lipid profile, FBS, and BMI in patients with NAFLD. Moreover, curcumin supplementation may provide beneficial effects on metabolic biomarkers and body weight if used at the appropriate dose and duration. Further RCTs are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Khalili
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, I.R. Iran
| | - Srinivas Nammi
- Discipline of Medical Sciences, School of Science, Western Sydney University, NSW 2751, Australia
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Avenues for post-translational protein modification prevention and therapy. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 86:101083. [PMID: 35227517 PMCID: PMC9378364 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-enzymatic post-translational modifications (nPTMs) of proteins have emerged as novel risk factors for the genesis and progression of various diseases. We now have a variety of experimental and established therapeutic strategies to target harmful nPTMs and potentially improve clinical outcomes. Protein carbamylation and glycation are two common and representative nPTMs that have gained considerable attention lately as favorable therapeutic targets with emerging clinical evidence. Protein carbamylation is associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD); and advanced glycation end products (AGEs), a heterogeneous group of molecules produced in a series of glycation reactions, have been linked to various diabetic complications. Therefore, reducing the burden of protein carbamylation and AGEs is an appealing and promising therapeutic approach. This review chapter summarizes potential anti-nPTM therapy options in CKD, CVD, and diabetes along with clinical implications. Using two prime examples-protein carbamylation and AGEs-we discuss the varied preventative and therapeutic options to mitigate these pathologic nPTMs in detail. We provide in-depth case studies on carbamylation in the setting of kidney disease and AGEs in metabolic disorders, with an emphasis on the relevance to reducing adverse clinical outcomes such as CKD progression, cardiovascular events, and mortality. Overall, whether specific efforts to lower carbamylation and AGE burden will yield definitive clinical improvement in humans remains largely to be seen. However, the scientific rationale for such pursuits is demonstrated herein.
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12
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Shan D, Wang J, Di Q, Jiang Q, Xu Q. Steatosis induced by nonylphenol in HepG2 cells and the intervention effect of curcumin. Food Funct 2021; 13:327-343. [PMID: 34904613 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02481g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increasingly become a serious public health problem. There is growing evidence that nonylphenol (NP) exposure may cause steatosis, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Curcumin (CUR) improves NAFLD-related lipid metabolism disorders and oxidative stress, but its preventive and therapeutic effects on NP-induced steatosis have not been reported. The objective of this investigation was to determine the capability and potential mechanism of NP to induce steatosis in vitro and the intervention of curcumin. HepG2 cells were treated with 0 μM, 20 μM, 30 μM, 40 μM NP for 24 h. Lipid droplets accumulated significantly in HepG2 cells after NP treatment, and the concentration of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (T-CHO) increased significantly. Simultaneously, lipogenesis gene expression was up-regulated significantly, fatty acid oxidation (FAO) gene expression was significantly down-regulated, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were overproduced. Meanwhile, the expression of p-AMPK/AMPK in the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway was significantly down-regulated and the expression of p-mTOR/mTOR was markedly up-regulated. However, blocking ROS production with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) can reverse these phenomena. In addition, our study found that curcumin effectively ameliorated the effects of NP-induced steatosis. Our study indicates that NP can induce steatosis in HepG2 cells, and may be implicated in inhibiting the ROS-dependent AMPK/mTOR pathway, and that curcumin ameliorates the NAFLD-like changes induced by NP in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Shan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jinming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qiannan Di
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qianqian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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13
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Mehta S, Young CC, Warren MR, Akhtar S, Shefelbine SJ, Crane JD, Bajpayee AG. Resveratrol and Curcumin Attenuate Ex Vivo Sugar-Induced Cartilage Glycation, Stiffening, Senescence, and Degeneration. Cartilage 2021; 13:1214S-1228S. [PMID: 33472415 PMCID: PMC8804818 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520988768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Advanced glycation end-product (AGE) accumulation is implicated in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis in aging and diabetic populations. Here, we develop a representative nonenzymatic glycation-induced OA cartilage explant culture model and investigate the effectiveness of resveratrol, curcumin, and eugenol in inhibiting AGEs and the structural and biological hallmarks of cartilage degeneration. DESIGN Bovine cartilage explants were treated with AGE-bovine serum albumin, threose, and ribose to determine the optimal conditions that induce physiological levels of AGEs while maintaining chondrocyte viability. AGE crosslinks, tissue stiffness, cell viability, metabolism and senescence, nitrite release and loss of glycosaminoglycans were assessed. Explants were cotreated with resveratrol, curcumin, or eugenol to evaluate their anti-AGE properties. Blind docking analysis was conducted to estimate binding energies of drugs with collagen II. RESULTS Treatment with 100 mM ribose significantly increased AGE crosslink formation and tissue stiffness, resulting in reduced chondrocyte metabolism and enhanced senescence. Blind docking analysis revealed stronger binding energies of both resveratrol and curcumin than ribose, with glycation sites along a human collagen II fragment, indicating their increased likelihood of competitively inhibiting ribose activity. Resveratrol and curcumin, but not eugenol, successfully inhibited AGE crosslink formation and its associated downstream biological response. CONCLUSIONS We establish a cartilage explant model of OA that recapitulates several aspects of aged human cartilage. We find that resveratrol and curcumin are effective anti-AGE therapeutics with the potential to decelerate age-related and diabetes-induced OA. This in vitro nonenzymatic glycation-induced model provides a tool for screening OA drugs, to simultaneously evaluate AGE-induced biological and mechanical changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikhar Mehta
- Department of Bioengineering,
Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cameron C. Young
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew R. Warren
- Department of Bioengineering,
Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sumayyah Akhtar
- Department of Biochemistry, Northeastern
University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandra J. Shefelbine
- Department of Bioengineering,
Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Mechanical &
Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin D. Crane
- Department of Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ambika G. Bajpayee
- Department of Bioengineering,
Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Mechanical &
Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA,Ambika G. Bajpayee, Department of
Bioengineering, Northeastern University, ISEC Room 216, 805 Columbus Avenue,
Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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14
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Diet-Derived Advanced Glycation End Products (dAGEs) Induce Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression in Cardiac and Renal Tissues of Experimental Mice: Protective Effect of Curcumin. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 22:35-51. [PMID: 34655413 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09697-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effect of curcumin (CU) on dietary AGEs (dAGEs) involves blocking the overexpression of proinflammatory cytokine genes in the heart and kidney tissues of experimental mice. The animals were divided into six groups (n = 6/group) and were fed a heat-exposed diet (dAGEs) with or without CU for 6 months. Their blood pressure (BP) was monitored by a computerized tail-cuff BP-monitoring system. The mRNA and protein expression levels of proinflammatory genes were analyzed by RT-PCR and western blot, respectively. A marked increase in BP (108 ± 12 mmHg vs 149 ± 15 mmHg) accompanied by a marked increase in the heart and kidney weight ratio was noted in the dAGE-fed mice. Furthermore, the plasma levels of proinflammatory molecules (C5a, ICAM-1, IL-6, MCP-1, IL-1β and TNF-α) were found to be elevated (3-fold) in dAGE-fed mice. mRNA expression analysis revealed a significant increase in the expression levels of inflammatory markers (Cox-2, iNOS, and NF-κB) (3-fold) in cardiac and renal tissues of dAGE-fed mice. Moreover, increased expression of RAGE and downregulation of AGER-1 (p < 0.001) were noticed in the heart and kidney tissues of dAGE-fed mice. Interestingly, the dAGE-induced proinflammatory genes and inflammatory responses were neutralized upon cotreatment with CU. The present study demonstrates that dietary supplementation with CU has the ability to neutralize dAGE-induced adverse effects and alleviate proinflammatory gene expression in the heart and kidney tissues of experimental mice.
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15
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Sadoughi F, Hallajzadeh J, Mirsafaei L, Asemi Z, Zahedi M, Mansournia MA, Yousefi B. Cardiac fibrosis and curcumin: a novel perspective on this natural medicine. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7597-7608. [PMID: 34648140 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to WHO statistics, cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of death in the world. One of the main factors which is causing heart failure, systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and arrythmias is a condition named cardiac fibrosis. This condition is defined by the accumulation of fibroblast-produced ECM in myocardium layer of the heart. OBJECTIVE Accordingly, the current review aims to depict the role of curcumin in the regulation of different signaling pathways that are involved in cardiac fibrosis. RESULTS A great number of cellular and molecular mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and mechanical stress are acknowledged to be involved in cardiac fibrosis. Despite the available therapeutic procedures which are designed to target these mechanisms in order to prevent cardiac fibrosis, still, effective therapeutic methods are needed. Curcumin is a natural Chinese medicine which currently has been declared to have therapeutic properties such as anti-oxidant and immunomodulatory activities. In this review, we have gathered several experimental studies in order to represent diverse impacts of this turmeric derivative on pathogenic factors of cardiac fibrosis. CONCLUSION Curcumin might open new avenues in the field of cardiovascular treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadoughi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Liaosadat Mirsafaei
- Department of Cardiology, Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mahdi Zahedi
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgān, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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16
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Cappelli K, Ferlisi F, Mecocci S, Maranesi M, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Zerani M, Dal Bosco A, Acuti G. Dietary Supplementation of Olive Mill Waste Water Polyphenols in Rabbits: Evaluation of the Potential Effects on Hepatic Apoptosis, Inflammation and Metabolism through RT-qPCR Approach. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2932. [PMID: 34679953 PMCID: PMC8532769 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Agro-industrial processing for the production of food or non-food products generates a wide range of by-products and residues rich in bioactive compounds including polyphenols. The concentration of these by-products is sometimes higher than in the original raw material as in the case of olive mill waste water (OMWW), one of the main by-products of olive oil extraction. Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites that regulate the expression of specific inflammatory genes, transcriptional factors and pro/anti-apoptotic molecules, thus modulating the signaling pathways essential for cell health and homeostasis. The liver plays a key role in regulating homeostasis by responding to dietary changes in order to maintain nutritional and physiological states. In this study a nutrigenomic approach was adopted, which focuses on the effects of diet-health-gene interactions and the modulation of cellular processes, in order to evaluate the expression of the genes (AGER, BAX, COX2, IL1B, PPARA, PPARG, SIRT1, TNFA) involved in these interactions in the livers of rabbits fed with a diet supplemented with OMWW (POL) or without supplements (control, CTR). The RT-qPCR analysis showed the down-regulation of SIRT1, TNFA, AGER, BAX and PPARA transcripts in the POL group compared to the CTR group. These results show that OMWW dietary supplementation prevents cell death and tissue deterioration in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Cappelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Flavia Ferlisi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Samanta Mecocci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Margherita Maranesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Massimo Trabalza-Marinucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Massimo Zerani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Alessandro Dal Bosco
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06100 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Acuti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
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Das M, Devi KP, Belwal T, Devkota HP, Tewari D, Sahebnasagh A, Nabavi SF, Khayat Kashani HR, Rasekhian M, Xu S, Amirizadeh M, Amini K, Banach M, Xiao J, Aghaabdollahian S, Nabavi SM. Harnessing polyphenol power by targeting eNOS for vascular diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2093-2118. [PMID: 34553653 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1971153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vascular diseases arise due to vascular endothelium dysfunction in response to several pro-inflammatory stimuli and invading pathogens. Thickening of the vessel wall, formation of atherosclerotic plaques consisting of proliferating smooth muscle cells, macrophages and lymphocytes are the major consequences of impaired endothelium resulting in atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure and many others. Decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability was found to be associated with anomalous endothelial function because of either its reduced production level by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) which synthesize this potent endogenous vasodilator from L-arginine or its enhanced breakdown due to severe oxidative stress and eNOS uncoupling. Polyphenols are a group of bioactive compounds having more than 7000 chemical entities present in different cereals, fruits and vegetables. These natural compounds possess many OH groups which are largely responsible for their strong antioxidative, anti-inflammatory antithrombotic and anti-hypersensitive properties. Several flavonoid-derived polyphenols like flavones, isoflavones, flavanones, flavonols and anthocyanidins and non-flavonoid polyphenols like tannins, curcumins and resveratrol have attracted scientific interest for their beneficial effects in preventing endothelial dysfunction. This article will focus on in vitro as well as in vivo and clinical studies evidences of the polyphenols with eNOS modulating activity against vascular disease condition while their molecular mechanism will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamali Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University [Science Campus], Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University [Science Campus], Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tarun Belwal
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, China
| | | | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Adeleh Sahebnasagh
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rasekhian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Suowen Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mehran Amirizadeh
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Kiumarth Amini
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Safieh Aghaabdollahian
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Felisbino K, Granzotti JG, Bello-Santos L, Guiloski IC. Nutrigenomics in Regulating the Expression of Genes Related to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Physiol 2021; 12:699220. [PMID: 34366888 PMCID: PMC8334860 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.699220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrigenomics is the study of the gene-nutrient interaction and it indicates that some nutrients, called bioactive compounds, can mold the genetic expression or change the nucleotide chain. Polyphenols are secondary metabolites found in plants that are regularly consumed in functional foods and help prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications. This article objected to review studies about the interaction of diet with polyphenols and Mediterranean diet in the expression of human genes related to T2DM. Resveratrol acts as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and increases mitochondrial function. Regular consumption of quercetin resulted in improvement of hypertension and suppression of diabetes-induced vasoconstriction. Genistein also showed positive results in T2DM, such as increased cell mass and improved glucose tolerance and insulin levels. Catechins showed efficiency in inducing genes in triacylglycerol biosynthesis, inhibition of fatty acids and cholesterol, and resulting in their participation in mitigating complications of diabetes. Lastly, curcumin was demonstrated to be a protector of the pancreatic islets against streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress. Growing evidence suggest that bioactive compounds such as polyphenols have an important role in T2DM and the prevention and treatment of its complication, as they cause activation or inhibition of related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Felisbino
- Centro de Ensino Superior de Maringá (CESUMAR), Curitiba, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Izonete Cristina Guiloski
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
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Paredes A, Santos-Clemente R, Ricote M. Untangling the Cooperative Role of Nuclear Receptors in Cardiovascular Physiology and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157775. [PMID: 34360540 PMCID: PMC8346021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is the first organ to acquire its physiological function during development, enabling it to supply the organism with oxygen and nutrients. Given this early commitment, cardiomyocytes were traditionally considered transcriptionally stable cells fully committed to contractile function. However, growing evidence suggests that the maintenance of cardiac function in health and disease depends on transcriptional and epigenetic regulation. Several studies have revealed that the complex transcriptional alterations underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD) manifestations such as myocardial infarction and hypertrophy is mediated by cardiac retinoid X receptors (RXR) and their partners. RXRs are members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors and drive essential biological processes such as ion handling, mitochondrial biogenesis, and glucose and lipid metabolism. RXRs are thus attractive molecular targets for the development of effective pharmacological strategies for CVD treatment and prevention. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of RXR partnership biology in cardiac homeostasis and disease, providing an up-to-date view of the molecular mechanisms and cellular pathways that sustain cardiomyocyte physiology.
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20
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Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Farkhondeh T, Ashrafizadeh M, Talebi M, Samargahndian S. Curcumin and cardiovascular diseases: Focus on cellular targets and cascades. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 136:111214. [PMID: 33450488 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of the most considerable mortality globally, and it has been tried to find the molecular mechanisms and design new drugs that triggered the molecular target. Curcumin is the main ingredient of Curcuma longa (turmeric) that has been used in traditional medicine for treating several diseases for years. Numerous investigations have indicated the beneficial effect of Curcumin in modulating multiple signaling pathways involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation. The cardiovascular protective effects of Curcumin against CVDs have been indicated in several studies. In the current review study, we provided novel information on Curcumin's protective effects against various CVDs and potential molecular signaling targets of Curcumin. Nonetheless, more studies should be performed to discover the exact molecular target of Curcumin against CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19968 35115, Iran
| | - Saeed Samargahndian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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21
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Esmaeili S, Ghobadi N, Nazari D, Pourhossein A, Rasouli H, Adibi H, Khodarahmi R. Curcumin-based Antioxidant and Glycohydrolase Inhibitor Compounds: Synthesis and In Vitro Appraisal of the Dual Activity Against Diabetes. Med Chem 2021; 17:677-698. [PMID: 32370719 DOI: 10.2174/1573406416666200506083718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin, as the substantial constituent of the turmeric plant (Curcuma longa), plays a significant role in the prevention of various diseases, including diabetes. It possesses ideal structure features as an enzyme inhibitor, including a flexible backbone, hydrophobic nature, and several available hydrogen bond (H-bond) donors and acceptors. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed at synthesizing several novel curcumin derivatives and further evaluation of these compounds for possible antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties along with inhibitory effect against two carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, α-amylase and α-glucosidase, as these enzymes are therapeutic targets for attenuation of postprandial hyperglycemia. METHODS Therefore, curcumin-based pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and identified using an instrumental technique like NMR spectroscopy and then screened for antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential. Total antioxidant activity, reducing power assay and 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical scavenging activity were done to appraise the antioxidant potential of these compounds in vitro. RESULTS Compounds L6-L9 showed higher antioxidant activity while L4, L9, L12 and especially L8 exhibited the best selectivity index (lowest α-amylase/α-glucosidase inhibition ratio). CONCLUSION These antioxidant inhibitors may be potential anti-diabetic drugs, not only to reduce glycemic index but also to limit the activity of the major reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Esmaeili
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nazanin Ghobadi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Donya Nazari
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Pourhossein
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hassan Rasouli
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hadi Adibi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Khodarahmi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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22
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A Comprehensive Review of Natural Products against Liver Fibrosis: Flavonoids, Quinones, Lignans, Phenols, and Acids. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7171498. [PMID: 33082829 PMCID: PMC7556091 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7171498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis resulting from continuous long-term hepatic damage represents a heavy burden worldwide. Liver fibrosis is recognized as a complicated pathogenic mechanism with extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. A series of drugs demonstrate significant antifibrotic activity in vitro and in vivo. No specific agents with ideally clinical efficacy for liver fibrosis treatment have been developed. In this review, we summarized the antifibrotic effects and molecular mechanisms of 29 kinds of common natural products. The mechanism of these compounds is correlated with anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antifibrotic activities. Moreover, parenchymal hepatic cell survival, HSC deactivation, and ECM degradation by interfering with multiple targets and signaling pathways are also involved in the antifibrotic effects of these compounds. However, there remain two bottlenecks for clinical breakthroughs. The low bioavailability of natural products should be improved, and the combined application of two or more compounds should be investigated for more prominent pharmacological effects. In summary, exploration on natural products against liver fibrosis is becoming increasingly extensive. Therefore, natural products are potential resources for the development of agents to treat liver fibrosis.
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Azizian-Farsani F, Abedpoor N, Hasan Sheikhha M, Gure AO, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Ghaedi K. Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Acts as a Fuel to Colorectal Cancer Development. Front Oncol 2020; 10:552283. [PMID: 33117687 PMCID: PMC7551201 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.552283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a multiligand binding and single-pass transmembrane protein taken in diverse chronic inflammatory conditions. RAGE behaves as a pattern recognition receptor, which binds and is engaged in the cellular response to a variety of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules, as well as HMGB1, S100 proteins, and AGEs (advanced glycation end-products). The RAGE activation turns out to a formation of numerous intracellular signaling mechanisms, resulting in the progression and prolongation of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). The RAGE expression correlates well with the survival of colon cancer cells. RAGE is involved in the tumorigenesis, which increases and develops well in the stressed tumor microenvironment. In this review, we summarized downstream signaling cascade activated by the multiligand activation of RAGE, as well as RAGE ligands and their sources, clinical studies, and tumor markers related to RAGE particularly in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment in CRC. Furthermore, the role of RAGE signaling pathway in CRC patients with diabetic mellitus is investigated. RAGE has been reported to drive assorted signaling pathways, including activator protein 1, nuclear factor-κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, SMAD family member 4 (Smad4), mitogen-activated protein kinases, mammalian target of rapamycin, phosphoinositide 3-kinases, reticular activating system, Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and Glycogen synthase kinase 3β, and even microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Navid Abedpoor
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Reasearch (ACECR), Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ali Osmay Gure
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Reasearch (ACECR), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Reasearch (ACECR), Isfahan, Iran.,Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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Curcumin reduces methionine adenosyltransferase 2B expression by interrupting phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in hepatic stellate cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173424. [PMID: 32738342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The active polyphenol curcumin demonstrates therapeutic effects against various different diseases. Researches revealed the inhibitory roles of curcumin in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and fibrogenesis. HSC activation, a key step in liver fibrogenesis, requires the remodeling of DNA methylation, which is associated with methionine adenosyltransferase II (MATII) composed of catalytic subunit MAT2A and regulatory subunit MAT2B. MATII is essential for HSC activation in vitro. The present researches aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin on MAT2B expression in HSCs in vivo and in vitro. Results demonstrated that curcumin could reduce MAT2B expression in HSCs at multiple levels. The activation of p38 MAPK pathway promoted MAT2B expression in HSCs. The effect of curcumin on MAT2B was through its interruption of p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Knockdown of MAT2B inhibited HSC activation and reduced collagen level in the model of liver fibrosis. Curcumin down-regulation of MAT2B contributed to the inhibitory role of curcumin on HSC activation and collagen expression in mouse livers. This study provided evidences for the effect of curcumin on the expression of MAT2B, an enzyme for the biosynthesis of methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine, in HSCs and demonstrated the function significance of curcumin-induced downregulation of MAT2B in curcumin inhibition of liver fibrosis.
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Singh A, Yau YF, Leung KS, El-Nezami H, Lee JCY. Interaction of Polyphenols as Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Compounds in Brain-Liver-Gut Axis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080669. [PMID: 32722619 PMCID: PMC7465954 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the onset as well as the progression of inflammation. Without proper intervention, acute inflammation could progress to chronic inflammation, resulting in the development of inflammatory diseases. Antioxidants, such as polyphenols, have been known to possess anti-oxidative properties which promote redox homeostasis. This has encouraged research on polyphenols as potential therapeutics for inflammation through anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory pathways. In this review, the ability of polyphenols to modulate the activation of major pathways of inflammation and oxidative stress, and their potential to regulate the activity of immune cells are examined. In addition, in this review, special emphasis has been placed on the effects of polyphenols on inflammation in the brain–liver–gut axis. The data derived from in vitro cell studies, animal models and human intervention studies are discussed.
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Dariya B, Nagaraju GP. Advanced glycation end products in diabetes, cancer and phytochemical therapy. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1614-1623. [PMID: 32652310 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The irreversible glycation and oxidation of proteins and lipids produces advanced glycation end products (AGEs). These modified AGEs are triggered to bind the receptor for AGE (RAGE), thereby activating its downstream signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor (NF)-κB and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, ultimately leading to diabetes and cancers. In this review, we focus on the interaction of AGE-RAGE and their associated pathways. We also consider the activity of phytochemicals, such as genistein and curcumin, that trap dicarbonyl compounds including methylglyoxal (MG) and glyoxalase that arise from multiple pathways to block AGE formation and prevent its interaction with RAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begum Dariya
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Prasad K, Bhanumathy KK. AGE-RAGE Axis in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Lower Limb Ischemia and a Novel Strategy for Its Treatment. Int J Angiol 2020; 29:156-167. [PMID: 33041612 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and its cell receptor (RAGE) and soluble receptor (sRAGE) in the pathogenesis of chronic lower limb ischemia (CLLI) and its treatment. CLLI is associated with atherosclerosis in lower limb arteries. AGE-RAGE axis which comprises of AGE, RAGE, and sRAGE has been implicated in atherosclerosis and restenosis. It may be involved in atherosclerosis of lower limb resulting in CLLI. Serum and tissue levels of AGE, and expression of RAGE are elevated, and the serum levels of sRAGE are decreased in CLLI. It is known that AGE, and AGE-RAGE interaction increase the generation of various atherogenic factors including reactive oxygen species, nuclear factor-kappa B, cell adhesion molecules, cytokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and growth factors. sRAGE acts as antiatherogenic factor because it reduces the generation of AGE-RAGE-induced atherogenic factors. Treatment of CLLI should be targeted at lowering AGE levels through reduction of dietary intake of AGE, prevention of AGE formation and degradation of AGE, suppression of RAGE expression, blockade of AGE-RAGE binding, elevation of sRAGE by upregulating sRAGE expression, and exogenous administration of sRAGE, and use of antioxidants. In conclusion, AGE-RAGE stress defined as a shift in the balance between stressors (AGE, RAGE) and antistressor (sRAGE) in favor of stressors, initiates the development of atherosclerosis resulting in CLLI. Treatment modalities would include reduction of AGE levels and RAGE expression, RAGE blocker, elevation of sRAGE, and antioxidants for prevention, regression, and slowing of progression of CLLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Prasad
- Department of Physiology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kalpana K Bhanumathy
- Division of Oncology, Cancer Cluster Unit, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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González I, Morales MA, Rojas A. Polyphenols and AGEs/RAGE axis. Trends and challenges. Food Res Int 2020; 129:108843. [PMID: 32036875 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) is a key pathophysiological event linked not only to the onset and progression of diabetic complications, but also to neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and others important human diseases. AGEs contributions to pathophysiology are mainly through the formation of cross-links and by engaging the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). Polyphenols are secondary metabolites found largely in fruits, vegetables, cereals, and beverages, and during many years, important efforts have been made to elucidate their beneficial effects on human health, mainly ascribed to their antioxidant activities. In the present review, we highlighted the beneficial actions of polyphenols aimed to diminish the harmful consequences of advanced glycation, mainly by the inhibition of ROS formation during glycation, the inhibition of Schiff base, Amadori products, and subsequent dicarbonyls group formation, the activation of the glyoxalase system, as well as by blocking either AGEs-RAGE interaction or cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana González
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Miguel A Morales
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chil
| | - Armando Rojas
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile.
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Abo El-Nasr NME, Saleh DO, Mahmoud SS, Nofal SM, Abdelsalam RM, Safar MM, El-Abhar HS. Olmesartan attenuates type 2 diabetes-associated liver injury: Cross-talk of AGE/RAGE/JNK, STAT3/SCOS3 and RAS signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 874:173010. [PMID: 32067934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Olmesartan (OLM), an angiotensin receptor blocker, was tested against diabetes/insulin resistance (IR) models associated with renal/cardiovascular complications. Methods: we tested its potential role against diabetes-induced hepatic hitches using an IR/type2 diabetic (IR/D) model induced by high fat/high fructose diet for 7 weeks + a single sub-diabetogenic dose of streptozotocin (35mg/kg; i.p). IR/D rats were orally treated with OLM (10 mg/kg), pioglitazone (PIO; 5 or 10 mg/kg) or their combinations for 4 consecutive weeks. OLM alone opposed the detrimental effects of IR/D; it significantly improved metabolic parameters, liver function, and abated hepatic oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its upstream mediator nuclear factor kappa B. Consequently, OLM turned off the downstream cue p-Jak2/STAT3/SOCS3. Moreover, it suppressed the elevated AGE/RAGE/p-JNK pathway and increased the PPARγ/adiponectin cue to signify its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant capacity (GSH, MDA). Nevertheless, co-administration of OLM to PIO showed a synergistic improvement in all the aforementioned parameters in a dose dependent manner. Additionally, OLM with PIO10 provoked a surge in hepatic PPARγ and adiponectin (5 and 6 folds) with a sharp decrease of about 85% in the NF-κB/IL-6/p-STAT3/SCOS3 pathway. These effects were confirmed by the histopathological study. In conclusion, OLM and its combination with PIO enhanced insulin sensitivity and guarded against hepatic complications associated with type 2 diabetes probably via modulating various inter-related pathways; namely, metabolic alteration, renin-angiotensin system, inflammatory trajectories, as well as oxidative stress. This study manifests the potential synergistic effects of OLM as an adjuvant therapy to the conventional antidiabetic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesma M E Abo El-Nasr
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Dalia Osama Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sawsan S Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Salwa M Nofal
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rania M Abdelsalam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Safar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Egypt
| | - Hanan S El-Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Pharmaceutical Industry, Future University, Cairo, Egypt
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Yan T, Yan N, Wang P, Xia Y, Hao H, Wang G, Gonzalez FJ. Herbal drug discovery for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:3-18. [PMID: 31993304 PMCID: PMC6977016 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Few medications are available for meeting the increasing disease burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progressive stage, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Traditional herbal medicines (THM) have been used for centuries to treat indigenous people with various symptoms but without clarified modern-defined disease types and mechanisms. In modern times, NAFLD was defined as a common chronic disease leading to more studies to understand NAFLD/NASH pathology and progression. THM have garnered increased attention for providing therapeutic candidates for treating NAFLD. In this review, a new model called “multiple organs-multiple hits” is proposed to explain mechanisms of NASH progression. Against this proposed model, the effects and mechanisms of the frequently-studied THM-yielded single anti-NAFLD drug candidates and multiple herb medicines are reviewed, among which silymarin and berberine are already under U.S. FDA-sanctioned phase 4 clinical studies. Furthermore, experimental designs for anti-NAFLD drug discovery from THM in treating NAFLD are discussed. The opportunities and challenges of reverse pharmacology and reverse pharmacokinetic concepts-guided strategies for THM modernization and its global recognition to treat NAFLD are highlighted. Increasing mechanistic evidence is being generated to support the beneficial role of THM in treating NAFLD and anti-NAFLD drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Nana Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yangliu Xia
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Corresponding authors.
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Chhipa AS, Borse SP, Baksi R, Lalotra S, Nivsarkar M. Targeting receptors of advanced glycation end products (RAGE): Preventing diabetes induced cancer and diabetic complications. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Buonomo AR, Scotto R, Nappa S, Arcopinto M, Salzano A, Marra AM, D’Assante R, Zappulo E, Borgia G, Gentile I. The role of curcumin in liver diseases. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:1608-1620. [PMID: 31749891 PMCID: PMC6855174 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.73596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Riccardo Buonomo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery – Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Scotto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery – Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Nappa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery – Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Arcopinto
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Salzano
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | - Emanuela Zappulo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery – Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Borgia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery – Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Ivan Gentile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery – Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
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AGE-RAGE stress: a changing landscape in pathology and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 459:95-112. [PMID: 31079281 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03553-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Numerous hypotheses including amyloid cascade, cholinergic, and oxidative have been proposed for pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The data suggest that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and its receptor RAGE (receptor for AGE) are involved in the pathogenesis of AD. AGE-RAGE stress, defined as a balance between stressors (AGE, RAGE) and anti-stressors (sRAGE, AGE degraders) in favor of stressors, has been implicated in pathogenesis of diseases. AGE and its interaction with RAGE-mediated increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage brain because of its increased vulnerability to ROS. AGE and ROS increase the synthesis of amyloid β (Aβ) leading to deposition of Aβ and phosphorylation of tau, culminating in formation of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. ROS increase the synthesis of Aβ, high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1), and S100 that interacts with RAGE to produce additional ROS resulting in enhancement of AD pathology. Elevation of ROS precedes the Aβ plaques formation. Because of involvement of AGE and RAGE in AD pathology, the treatment should be targeted at lowering AGE levels through reduction in consumption and formation of AGE, and lowering expression of RAGE, blocking of RAGE ligand binding, increasing levels of soluble RAGE (sRAGE), and use of antioxidants. The above treatment aspect of AD is lacking. In conclusion, AGE-RAGE stress initiates, and Aβ, HMGB1, and S100 enhance the progression of AD. Reduction of levels of AGE and RAGE, elevation of sRAGE, and antioxidants would be beneficial therapeutic modalities in the prevention, regression, and slowing of progression of AD.
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Prasad K. AGE-RAGE Stress in the Pathophysiology of Pulmonary Hypertension and its Treatment. Int J Angiol 2019; 28:71-79. [PMID: 31384104 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1687818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare and fatal disease characterized by elevation of pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 25 mm Hg. There are five groups of PH: (1) pulmonary artery (PA) hypertension (PAH), (2) PH due to heart diseases, (3) PH associated with lung diseases/hypoxia, (4) PH associated with chronic obstruction of PA, and (5) PH due to unclear and/or multifactorial mechanisms. The pathophysiologic mechanisms of group 1 have been studied in detail; however, those for groups 2 to 5 are not that well known. PH pathology is characterized by smooth muscle cells (SMC) proliferation, muscularization of peripheral PA, accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), plexiform lesions, thromboembolism, and recanalization of thrombi. Advanced glycation end products (AGE) and its receptor (RAGE) and soluble RAGE (sRAGE) appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of PH. AGE and its interaction with RAGE induce vascular hypertrophy through proliferation of vascular SMC, accumulation of ECM, and suppression of apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by interaction of AGE and RAGE modulates SMC proliferation, attenuate apoptosis, and constricts PA. Increased stiffness in the artery due to vascular hypertrophy, and vasoconstriction due to ROS resulted in PH. The data also suggest that reduction in consumption and formation of AGE, suppression of RAGE expression, blockage of RAGE ligand binding, elevation of sRAGE levels, and antioxidants may be novel therapeutic targets for prevention, regression, and slowing of progression of PH. In conclusion, AGE-RAGE stress may be involved in the pathogenesis of PH and the therapeutic targets should be the AGE-RAGE axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Prasad
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Azhdari M, Karandish M, Mansoori A. Metabolic benefits of curcumin supplementation in patients with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1289-1301. [PMID: 30941814 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The finding of studies on the effect of curcumin extract on metabolic factor in patients with metabolic syndrome has had arguable results. This systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) aimed to analyze the effect of curcumin/turmeric on metabolic factors in patients with metabolic syndrome. The PICO strategy was used to establish the guiding question of this review. Several databases for RCT were searched until September 2018. Of the 144 articles initially identified, seven trials met the eligibility criteria. A random-effects model with a mean weight difference (WMD) and a 95% confidence interval was performed for quantitative data synthesis. Pooled estimates of WMD were calculated between intervention and control groups using random-effects model in the presence of high level of heterogeneity between the studies. The results showed significant improvement of fasting blood glucose (p = 0.01), triglycerides (p < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.003), and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.007) levels. Curcumin was not associated with a significant change in waist circumference measurement (p = 0.6) and systolic blood pressure level (p = 0.269). Curcumin supplementation improves some components of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Azhdari
- Nutrition and metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of clinical biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Majid Karandish
- Health Research Institute, Diabetes Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Anahita Mansoori
- Nutrition and metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Ulla A, Alam MA, Rahman M, Isha Olive Khan D, Sikder B, Islam M, Rahman T, Rahman N, Reza HM, Jain P, Subhan N. Supplementation of Citrus maxima fruits peel powder improves glucose intolerance and prevents oxidative stress in liver of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-18211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anayt Ulla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bangladesh
| | - Mosfiqur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bangladesh
| | | | - Biswajit Sikder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bangladesh
| | - Monirul Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bangladesh
| | - Tarikur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bangladesh
| | - Nilima Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Mahmud Reza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bangladesh
| | - Preeti Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Subhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bangladesh
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Effects and Underlying Mechanisms of Bioactive Compounds on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8165707. [PMID: 30800211 PMCID: PMC6360036 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8165707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complicated metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder characterized by a chronic loss of cognitive and behavioral function. Considering the shared characteristics of both diseases, common therapeutic and preventive agents may be effective. Bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, vitamins, and carotenoids found in vegetables and fruits can have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. These effects make them suitable candidates for the prevention or treatment of diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Increasing evidence from cell or animal models suggest that bioactive compounds may have direct effects on decreasing hyperglycemia, enhancing insulin secretion, and preventing formation of amyloid plaques. The possible underlying molecular mechanisms are described in this review. More studies are needed to establish the clinical effects of bioactive compounds.
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Goodarzi R, Sabzian K, Shishehbor F, Mansoori A. Does turmeric/curcumin supplementation improve serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2019; 33:561-570. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Goodarzi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center; Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences; Ahvaz Iran
| | - Kamran Sabzian
- Pediatric Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine; Lorestan University of Medical Sciences; Lorestan Iran
| | - Farideh Shishehbor
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center; Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences; Ahvaz Iran
| | - Anahita Mansoori
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center; Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences; Ahvaz Iran
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Huayu Tongmai Granules protects against vascular endothelial dysfunction via up-regulating miR-185 and down-regulating RAGE. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180674. [PMID: 30201694 PMCID: PMC6265614 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a membrane protein that contributes to the initiation and progression of diabetic vascular complications, which is reported as a target of miR-185. Huayu Tongmai Granules is a Chinese herbal compound that is capable of treating diabetic angiopathy. The present study was designed to explore the molecular biological mechanism by which Huayu Tongmai Granules protects against diabetic angiopathy.Methods: The rat model of diabetes and hyperglucose cell model were established. The blood glucose was detected to verify whether the model was successfully established. Besides, serum nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations of the rats in each group were determined. The quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed to examine the mRNA expression levels of miR-185 and other miRNAs in femoral artery of rats or human umbilical vein endothelial cell line. Additionally, the protein levels of RAGE or Bax were determined using Western blotting. Cell apoptosis was determined by terminal dUTP nick-end labeling assay or flow cytometry.Results: In the present study, we found that Huayu Tongmai Granules significantly decreased blood glucose and serum ROS and up-regulated serum NO concentration. MiR-185 was low-expressed in diabetic rats; however, Huayu Tongmai Granules intervention up-regulated miR-185. Stable overexpression of miR-185 directly suppressed the expression of RAGE and further suppressed endothelial cell apoptosis.Conclusion: Huayu Tongmai Granules appears to have a therapeutic effect on diabetic angiopathy that is most probably mediated by miR-185/RAGE axis.
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The environmental pollutant, polychlorinated biphenyls, and cardiovascular disease: a potential target for antioxidant nanotherapeutics. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:740-759. [PMID: 28975503 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0429-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite production having stopped in the 1970s, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) represent persistent organic pollutants that continue to pose a serious human health risk. Exposure to PCBs has been linked to chronic inflammatory diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, as well as hepatic disorders, endocrine dysfunction, neurological deficits, and many others. This is further complicated by the PCB's strong hydrophobicity, resulting in their ability to accumulate up the food chain and to be stored in fat deposits. This means that completely avoiding exposure is not possible, thus requiring the need to develop intervention strategies that can mitigate disease risks associated with exposure to PCBs. Currently, there is excitement in the use of nutritional compounds as a way of inhibiting the inflammation associated with PCBs, yet the suboptimal delivery and pharmacology of these compounds may not be sufficient in more acute exposures. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge of PCB toxicity and some of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nanocarrier systems that may be useful as an enhanced treatment modality for reducing PCB toxicity.
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Efficacy of curcumin/turmeric on liver enzymes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Integr Med Res 2018; 8:57-61. [PMID: 30949432 PMCID: PMC6428926 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies reported that curcumin supplementation could improve non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of curcumin/turmeric supplementation on liver enzymes in patients with NAFLD. Methods PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar were systematically searched until December 2017. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which examined effect of curcumin/turmeric supplementation on NAFLD in adult participants. Main outcome was alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Potential risks of bias (ROB) were assessed by using Cochrane ROB tool. Results All included studies showed low ROB in most of item of Cochrane ROB tool. Meta-analysis of 4 randomized controlled trials including 228 subjects showed a trend toward significant reduction of ALT blood concentrations in subgroup with ≥1000 mg/day curcumin supplementation (–11.36 IU/L, 95% CI: –22.75 to 0.02; I2:51%). Meta-analysis showed a significant reduction of AST in studies with 8-weeks administration (–9.22 IU/L, 95% CI: –12.77 to –5.67; I2: 49%). Conclusion This review suggests that curcumin/turmeric might have a favorable effect on NAFLD in higher dosage. Further high-quality studies with large-scale and higher dosage are warranted.
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The marine natural product Scalarin inhibits the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and autophagy in the PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cell lines. Invest New Drugs 2018; 37:262-270. [PMID: 29998364 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0635-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States, has a negative prognosis because metastasis occurs before symptoms manifest. Although combination therapies are showing improvements in treatment, the survival rate for pancreatic cancer five years post diagnosis is only 8%, stressing the need for new treatments. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has recently emerged as a chemotherapeutic target in KRAS driven pancreatic cancers both for treatment and in chemoprevention. RAGE appears to be an important regulator of inflammatory, stress and survival pathways that lead to carcinogenesis, resistance to chemotherapy, enhanced proliferation and the high metastatic potential of pancreatic cancer. RAGE expression has been demonstrated in pancreatic cancer tumors but not in adjacent epithelial tissues. Its presence is associated with increased proliferation and metastasis. In an effort to identify novel inhibitors of RAGE among our collection of marine-derived secondary metabolites, a cell-based screening assay utilizing flow cytometry was developed. This effort led to the identification of scalarin as the active compound in a marine sponge identified as Euryspongia cf. rosea. Scalarin is a sesterterpene natural product isolated previously from a different marine sponge. Scalarin reduces the levels of RAGE and inhibits autophagy in the PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cell lines. Its IC50 for cytotoxicity ranges between 20 and 30 μM in the AsPC-1, PANC-1, MIA PaCa-2 and BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cell lines. Inhibition of autophagy limits tumor growth and tumorigenesis in pancreatic cancer, making scalarin an interesting compound that may merit further study.
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Palanissami G, Paul SFD. RAGE and Its Ligands: Molecular Interplay Between Glycation, Inflammation, and Hallmarks of Cancer—a Review. Discov Oncol 2018; 9:295-325. [DOI: 10.1007/s12672-018-0342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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In vitro assessment of nutraceutical compounds and novel nutraceutical formulations in a liver-steatosis-based model. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:24. [PMID: 29402273 PMCID: PMC5800044 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Steatosis is a chronic liver disease that depends on the accumulation of intracellular fatty acids. Currently, no drug treatment has been licensed for steatosis; thus, only nutritional guidelines are indicated to reduce its progression. The aim of this study is to combine different nutraceutical compounds in order to evaluate their synergistic effects on a steatosis in vitro model compared to their separate use. In particular, three different formulations based on silymarin, curcumin, vitamin E, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), choline, and phosphatidylcholine were assayed. Methods Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2 cell line) were treated with a mixture of fatty acids in order to induce an in vitro model of steatosic cells, and then the amount of intracellular fat was evaluated by Oil Red O staining. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and γ (PPARα and γ) expression, closely correlated to lipid metabolism, was evaluated. The efficiency of these receptors was evaluated through the study of LPL mRNA expression, a marker involved in the lipolysis mechanism. Superoxide dismutase (SOD-2) and malondialdehydes (MDA) in lipid peroxidation were assayed as specific biomarkers of oxidative stress. In addition, experiments were performed using human liver cells stressed to obtain a steatosis model. In particular, the content of the intracellular fat was assayed using Oil Red O staining, the activation of PPARα and γ was evaluated through western blotting analyses, and the LPL mRNA expression level was analyzed through qRT-PCR. Results All formulations proved effective on lipid content reduction of about 35%. The oxidative stress damage was reduced by all the substances separately and even more efficiently by the same in formulation (i.e. Formulation 1 and Formulation 3, which reduced the SOD-2 expression and induced the PPARs activation). Lipid peroxidation, was reduced about 2 fold by foormulation2 and up to 5 fold by the others compared to the cells pretreated with H2O2.Formulation 1, was more effective on PPARγ expression (2.5 fold increase) respect to the other compounds on FA treated hepathocytes. Beside, LPL was activated also by Formulation 3 and resulted in a 5 to 9 fold-increase respect to FA treated control. Conclusions Our results proved that the formulations tested could be considered suitable support to face steatosis disease beside the mandatory dietetic regimen.
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Lin J, Zheng S, Attie AD, Keller MP, Bernlohr DA, Blaner WS, Newberry EP, Davidson NO, Chen A. Perilipin 5 and liver fatty acid binding protein function to restore quiescence in mouse hepatic stellate cells. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:416-428. [PMID: 29317465 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m077487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation occurs along with decreased Perilipin5 (Plin5) and liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-Fabp) expression and coincident lipid droplet (LD) depletion. Conversely, the activated phenotype is reversible in WT HSCs upon forced expression of Plin5. Here, we asked if L-Fabp expression is required for Plin5-mediated rescue of the quiescent phenotype. Lentiviral Plin5 transduction of passaged L-Fabp-/- HSCs failed to reverse activation markers or restore lipogenic gene expression and LD formation. However, adenoviral L-Fabp infection of lentiviral Plin5 transduced L-Fabp-/- HSCs restored both the quiescent phenotype and LD formation, an effect also mediated by adenoviral intestine-Fabp or adipocyte-Fabp. Expression of exogenous Plin5 in activated WT HSCs induced a transcriptional program of lipogenic gene expression including endogenous L-Fabp, but none of the other FABPs. We further demonstrated that selective, small molecule inhibition of endogenous L-Fabp also eliminated the ability of exogenous Plin5 to rescue LD formation and reverse activation of WT HSCs. This functional coordination of L-Fabp with Plin5 was 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent and was eliminated by AMPK inhibition. Taken together, our results indicate that L-Fabp is required for Plin5 to activate a transcriptional program that restores LD formation and reverses HSC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Lin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Neurology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Alan D Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - Mark P Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - David A Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | | | - Elizabeth P Newberry
- Gastroenterology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Nicholas O Davidson
- Gastroenterology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
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Prasad K, Mishra M. AGE-RAGE Stress, Stressors, and Antistressors in Health and Disease. Int J Angiol 2017; 27:1-12. [PMID: 29483760 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1613678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse effects of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) on the tissues are through nonreceptor- and receptor-mediated mechanisms. In the receptor-mediated mechanism, interaction of AGEs with its cell-bound receptor of AGE (RAGE) increases generation of oxygen radicals, activates nuclear factor-kappa B, and increases expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines resulting in the cellular damage. The deleterious effects of AGE and AGE-RAGE interaction are coined as "AGE-RAGE stress." The body is equipped with defense mechanisms to counteract the adverse effects of AGE and RAGE through endogenous enzymatic (glyoxalase 1, glyoxalase 2) and AGE receptor-mediated (AGER1, AGER2) degradation of AGE, and through elevation of soluble receptor of AGE (sRAGE). Exogenous defense mechanisms include reduction in consumption of AGE, prevention of AGE formation, and downregulation of RAGE expression. We have coined AGE and RAGE as "stressors" and the defense mechanisms as "anti-stressors." AGE-RAGE stress is defined as a shift in the balance between stressors and antistressors in the favor of stressors. Measurements of stressors or antistressors alone would not assess AGE-RAGE stress. For true assessment of AGE-RAGE stress, the equation should include all the stressors and antistressors. The equation for AGE-RAGE stress, therefore, would be the ratio of AGE + RAGE/sRAGE + glyoxalase1 + glyoxalase 2 + AGER1 +AGER2. This is, however, not practical in patients. AGE-RAGE stress may be assessed simply by the ratio of AGE/sRAGE. A high ratio of AGE/sRAGE indicates a relative shift in stressors from antistressors, suggesting the presence of AGE-RAGE stress, resulting in tissue damage, initiation, and progression of the diseases and their complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Prasad
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Manish Mishra
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, Canada
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Alizadeh M, Kheirouri S. Curcumin against advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and AGEs-induced detrimental agents. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:1169-1177. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1396200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alizadeh
- Associate Professor, Department of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sorayya Kheirouri
- Associate Professor, Department of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Hollenbach M. The Role of Glyoxalase-I (Glo-I), Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs), and Their Receptor (RAGE) in Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112466. [PMID: 29156655 PMCID: PMC5713432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyoxalase-I (Glo-I) and glyoxalase-II (Glo-II) comprise the glyoxalase system and are responsible for the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MGO). MGO is formed non-enzymatically as a by-product, mainly in glycolysis, and leads to the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). AGEs bind to their receptor, RAGE, and activate intracellular transcription factors, resulting in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This review will focus on the implication of the Glo-I/AGE/RAGE system in liver injury and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). AGEs and RAGE are upregulated in liver fibrosis, and the silencing of RAGE reduced collagen deposition and the tumor growth of HCC. Nevertheless, data relating to Glo-I in fibrosis and cirrhosis are preliminary. Glo-I expression was found to be reduced in early and advanced cirrhosis with a subsequent increase of MGO-levels. On the other hand, pharmacological modulation of Glo-I resulted in the reduced activation of hepatic stellate cells and therefore reduced fibrosis in the CCl₄-model of cirrhosis. Thus, current research highlighted the Glo-I/AGE/RAGE system as an interesting therapeutic target in chronic liver diseases. These findings need further elucidation in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Hollenbach
- Department of Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Shehzad A, Qureshi M, Anwar MN, Lee YS. Multifunctional Curcumin Mediate Multitherapeutic Effects. J Food Sci 2017; 82:2006-2015. [PMID: 28771714 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation can promote the development of arthritis, obesity, cardiovascular, type II diabetes, pancreatitis, metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, and certain types of cancer. Compounds isolated from plants have been practiced since ancient times for curing various ailments including inflammatory disorders and to support normal physiological functions. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a yellow coloring agent, extracted from turmeric that has been used for the prevention and treatment of various inflammatory diseases. Numerous studies have shown that curcumin modulate multiple molecular targets and can be translated to the clinics for multiple therapeutic processes. There is compelling evidence that curcumin can block cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis as well as reduced the prolonged survival of cancer cells. Curcumin mediates anti-inflammatory effect through downregulation of inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors, protein kinases, and enzymes that promote inflammation and development of chronic diseases. In addition, curcumin induces apoptosis through mitochondrial and receptor-mediated pathways by activating caspase cascades. Curcumin is a safe and nontoxic drug that has been reported to be well tolerated. Available clinical trials support the potential role of curcumin for treatment of various inflammatory disorders. However, curcumin's efficacy is hindered by poor absorption and low bioavailability, which limit its translation into clinics. This review outlines the potential pharmacological and clinical role of curcumin, which provide a gateway for the beneficial role of plant isolated compounds in treatment of various inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeeb Shehzad
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), Natl. Univ. of Sciences and Technology, (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Munibah Qureshi
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), Natl. Univ. of Sciences and Technology, (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nabeel Anwar
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), Natl. Univ. of Sciences and Technology, (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Young Sup Lee
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook Natl. Univ., Daegu, Korea
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Li Y, Chang Y, Ye N, Chen Y, Zhang N, Sun Y. Advanced glycation end products-induced mitochondrial energy metabolism dysfunction alters proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2673-2680. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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