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Gibson EA, Culp WTN. Canine Prostate Cancer: Current Treatments and the Role of Interventional Oncology. Vet Sci 2024; 11:169. [PMID: 38668436 PMCID: PMC11054006 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate carcinoma is one of the most common cancers worldwide in men, with over 3 million men currently living with prostate carcinoma. In men, routine screening and successful treatment schemes, including radiation, prostatectomy, or hormone therapy, have allowed for high survivability. Dogs are recognized as one of the only mammals to spontaneously develop prostate neoplasia and are an important translational model. Within veterinary medicine, treatment options have historically been limited in efficacy or paired with high morbidity. Recently, less invasive treatment modalities have been investigated in dogs and people and demonstrated promise. Below, current treatment options available in dogs and people are reviewed, as well as a discussion of current and future trends within interventional treatment for canine PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A. Gibson
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19123, USA
| | - William T. N. Culp
- Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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2
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Vasilatis DM, Ghosh PM. Clinicopathologic Characterization of Prostatic Cancer in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:588. [PMID: 38396556 PMCID: PMC10886256 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinicopathologic data in dogs with prostate cancer (PCa) may aid in the differentiation between tumor types and subsequent treatment decisions; however, these data are often unreported. Demographic, clinicopathologic, cytologic, histologic and survival data from dogs with primary prostatic adenocarcinoma (PRAD) (n = 56) and primary prostatic transitional cell carcinoma (P-TCC) (n = 74) were acquired from a tertiary veterinary teaching hospital from 1992 to 2022. Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) to albumin ratio (RAR) was evaluated for diagnostic utility in differentiating between PRAD and P-TCC. Sections from PRAD tumors (n = 50) were stained for androgen receptor (AR) expression, and laboratory data were compared between AR positive (AR+) and AR negative (AR-) groups. RDW was increased in PRAD, while albumin was decreased (p < 0.05). P-TCC was associated with Melamed-Wolinska bodies (MWB) and necrosis on cytology (p < 0.05). RAR had acceptable diagnostic utility in the differentiation of PCa tumors (AUC = 0.7; p < 0.05). Survival rates and metastases were equivocal. AR+ and AR- PRAD tumors did not differ in clinicopathologic data or survival (p > 0.05). In conclusion, hypoalbuminemia was significantly associated with PRAD and decreased survival, while MWB and necrosis were significantly associated with P-TCC on cytology. These clinicopathologic data may help clinicians differentiate between these tumors ante mortem to guide appropriate treatment and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demitria M. Vasilatis
- Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA;
- Veterans Affairs (VA)—Northern California Healthcare System, Mather, CA 95655, USA
| | - Paramita M. Ghosh
- Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA;
- Veterans Affairs (VA)—Northern California Healthcare System, Mather, CA 95655, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
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3
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Weinekötter J, Gurtner C, Protschka M, von Bomhard W, Böttcher D, Alber G, Kiefer I, Steiner JM, Seeger J, Heilmann RM. Tissue S100/calgranulin expression and blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in prostatic disorders in dogs. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:234. [PMID: 37946179 PMCID: PMC10633940 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostatic carcinoma (PCA) is a rare but severe condition in dogs that is similar to the androgen-independent form of PCA in men. In contrast to humans, PCA is difficult to diagnose in dogs as reliable biomarkers, available for PCA screening in human medicine, are currently lacking in small animal oncology. Calprotectin (S100A8/A9) and S100A12 are Ca2+-binding proteins of the innate immune system with promising potential to distinguish malignant from benign urogenital tract conditions, similar to the blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR). However, both have not yet been extensively investigated in dogs with PCA. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the expression of the S100/calgranulins (calprotectin, S100A12, and their ratio [Cal-ratio]) in prostatic biopsies from nine dogs with PCA and compare them to those in dogs with benign prostatic lesions (eight dogs with prostatitis and ten dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH]) as well as five healthy controls. In addition, blood NLRs were investigated in twelve dogs with PCA and 22 dogs with benign prostatic conditions. RESULTS Tissue S100A8/A9+ cell counts did not differ significantly between tissue from PCA and prostatitis cases (P = 0.0659) but were significantly higher in dogs with prostatitis than BPH (P = 0.0013) or controls (P = 0.0033). S100A12+ cell counts were significantly lower in PCA tissues than in prostatitis tissue (P = 0.0458) but did not differ compared to BPH tissue (P = 0.6499) or tissue from controls (P = 0.0622). Cal-ratios did not differ significantly among the groups but were highest in prostatitis tissues and significantly higher in those dogs with poor prostatitis outcomes than in patients that were still alive at the end of the study (P = 0.0455). Blood NLR strongly correlated with prostatic tissue S100A8/A9+ cell counts in dogs with PCA (ρ = 0.81, P = 0.0499) but did not differ among the disease groups of dogs. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the S100/calgranulins play a role in malignant (PCA) and benign (prostatic inflammation) prostatic conditions and supports previous results in lower urinary tract conditions in dogs. These molecules might be linked to the inflammatory environment with potential effects on the inflammasome. The blood NLR does not appear to aid in distinguishing prostatic conditions in dogs. Further investigation of the S100/calgranulin pathways and their role in modulation of tumor development, progression, and metastasis in PCA is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Weinekötter
- Department for Small Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 23, DE-04103, Leipzig, SN, Germany
| | - Corinne Gurtner
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, Bern, BE, CH-3001, Switzerland
| | - Martina Protschka
- Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnological-Biomedical Center, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 05, DE-04103, Leipzig, SN, Germany
| | - Wolf von Bomhard
- Synlab Specialty Center for Veterinary Pathology, Hartelstrasse 30, DE-80689, Munich, BY, Germany
| | - Denny Böttcher
- Institut for Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 33, DE-04103, Leipzig, SN, Germany
| | - Gottfried Alber
- Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnological-Biomedical Center, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 05, DE-04103, Leipzig, SN, Germany
| | - Ingmar Kiefer
- Department for Small Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 23, DE-04103, Leipzig, SN, Germany
| | - Joerg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TAMU, College Station, TX, 4474, 77843-4474, USA
| | - Johannes Seeger
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 43, DE-04103, Leipzig, SN, Germany
| | - Romy M Heilmann
- Department for Small Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 23, DE-04103, Leipzig, SN, Germany.
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4
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Morawietz J, Körber H, Packeiser EM, Beineke A, Goericke-Pesch S. Insights into Canine Infertility: Apoptosis in Chronic Asymptomatic Orchitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076083. [PMID: 37047053 PMCID: PMC10094104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic asymptomatic orchitis (CAO) is a common cause of acquired non-obstructive azoospermia in dogs. To understand the impact and mode of action of apoptosis, we investigated TUNEL, Bax, Bcl-2, Fas/Fas ligand, and caspase 3/8/9 in testicular biopsies of CAO-affected dogs and compared the results to undisturbed spermatogenesis in healthy males (CG). TUNEL+ cells were significantly increased in CAO, correlating with the disturbance of spermatogenesis. Bcl-2, Bax (p < 0.01 each), caspase 9 (p < 0.05), Fas, caspase 8 (p < 0.01 each), and caspase 3 (p < 0.05) were significantly increased at the mRNA level, whereas FasL expression was downregulated. Cleaved caspase 3 staining was sporadic in CAO but not in CG. Sertoli cells, some peritubular (CAO/CG) and interstitial immune cells (CAO) stained Bcl-2+, with significantly more immunopositive cells in both compartments in CAO compared to CG. Bcl-2 and CD20 co-expressing B lymphocytes were encountered interstitially and in CAO occasionally also found intratubally, underlining their contribution to the maintenance of CAO. Our results support the crucial role of the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in the pathophysiology of canine CAO. Autoprotective Bcl-2 expression in Sertoli cells and B lymphocytes seems to be functional, however, thereby also maintaining and promoting the disease by immune cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Morawietz
- Reproductive Unit-Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hanna Körber
- Reproductive Unit-Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Packeiser
- Reproductive Unit-Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Beineke
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra Goericke-Pesch
- Reproductive Unit-Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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5
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Treggiari E, Pellin MA, Romanelli G, Maresca G, Gramer I, Yale AD, Pecceu E, Pignanelli M, Borrego J, Purzycka K, Berlato D. Tonsillar carcinoma in dogs: Treatment outcome and potential prognostic factors in 123 cases. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:247-257. [PMID: 36705533 PMCID: PMC9889721 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tonsillar carcinomas are rarely reported in dogs. Information on outcome after treatment is sparse and prognosis is guarded to poor. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Assess treatment outcome and potential prognostic factors in a population of dogs with cytological or histopathological diagnosis of tonsillar carcinoma. ANIMALS A total of 123 client-owned dogs with diagnosis of tonsillar carcinoma confirmed by cytology or histopathology. METHODS Retrospective, multi-institutional study. Medical records of 12 institutions were reviewed from 2012 to 2021. RESULTS Treatment included surgery, chemotherapy (conventional, tyrosine kinase inhibitors or metronomic chemotherapy), radiotherapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or a combination of these. Surgery was performed in 68 cases, chemotherapy was administered in association with NSAIDs in 64 cases, NSAIDs were used alone in 14 cases and in association with surgery in 21 cases, whereas radiotherapy was used alone or in combination with surgery or chemotherapy in 20 cases. Overall survival time (OST) was 126 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 88-164). Significantly longer survival (P < .001) was seen in dogs without evidence of metastatic disease (median survival time, 381 days; 95% CI, 116-646). Other significant positive prognostic factors included absence of clinicals signs at presentation, surgery (tonsillectomy), use of adjuvant chemotherapy and use of NSAIDs. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Asymptomatic dogs, those treated with surgery, those that received adjuvant chemotherapy, and those that received NSAIDs may have a better prognosis than previously expected, but overall survival remains short for dogs with tonsillar carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Irina Gramer
- Queen Mother Hospital for AnimalsRoyal Veterinary CollegeHertfordshireUK,Davies Veterinary SpecialistsHigham GobionHitchinUK
| | - Andrew D. Yale
- Queen Mother Hospital for AnimalsRoyal Veterinary CollegeHertfordshireUK
| | - Evi Pecceu
- Royal Dick School, Swann Cancer CenterUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK,Present address:
Dierenartsencentrum Hond en KatDeinzeBelgium
| | | | - Juan Borrego
- Aùna Especialidades VeterinariasPaternaValenciaSpain
| | - Katarzyna Purzycka
- Anderson and Moores Veterinary SpecialistsWinchesterUK,Present address:
Lumbry Park Veterinary SpecialistsHampshireUK
| | - Davide Berlato
- Dick White Specialists ReferralsSix Mile BottomCambridgeshireUK,Present address:
Animal Oncology and Imaging CenterHunenbergCHSwitzerland
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6
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Yang NS, Johnson EG, Palm CA, Burton JH, Rebhun RB, Kent MS, Culp WTN. MRI characteristics of canine prostatic neoplasia. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2023; 64:105-112. [PMID: 36065472 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to evaluate dogs with suspected prostatic neoplasia, however, published studies describing MRI characteristics of canine prostatic neoplasia are currently lacking. The aims of the current retrospective case series study were to describe MRI findings of the pelvic region in dogs with a histopathologic or cytologic diagnosis of prostatic neoplasia. Retrospective analysis of these images was then performed by a board-certified veterinary radiologist for shared imaging characteristics. The most consistent characteristics were heterogeneous hyperintensity of the tumor on T2-weighted images (10/10) and short tau inversion recovery images (10/10), prostatic capsular margin distortion by the tumor (10/10), cavitations (10/10), complete effacement of the prostatic architecture (9/10), neurovascular bundle (NVB) compression or invasion (9/10), heterogeneous isointensity of the tumor on T1-weighted images (9/10), and strong contrast enhancement of the tumor (8/10). Additional features included an overlying pattern of distorted radiating striations (7/10), regional lymphadenomegaly (5/10), mineralization within the mass (5/10), urinary bladder trigone involvement (6/10), and post-prostatic urethral involvement (7/10). These findings supported the use of MRI as an adjunct imaging modality for diagnosis and therapeutic planning of prostatic neoplasia and including prostatic neoplasia as a likely differential diagnosis for dogs with these MRI characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S Yang
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Davis, California, USA
| | - Eric G Johnson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Carrie A Palm
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jenna H Burton
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert B Rebhun
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Michael S Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - William T N Culp
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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7
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Néčová S. Guide to lower urogenital tract neoplasia in dogs. IN PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/inpr.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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8
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Maeda S, Motegi T, Iio A, Kaji K, Goto-Koshino Y, Eto S, Ikeda N, Nakagawa T, Nishimura R, Yonezawa T, Momoi Y. Anti-CCR4 treatment depletes regulatory T cells and leads to clinical activity in a canine model of advanced prostate cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003731. [PMID: 35131860 PMCID: PMC8804701 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Targeting regulatory T cell (Treg) infiltration is an emerging strategy for cancer immunotherapy. However, its efficacy in advanced prostate cancer remains unclear. Here, we showed the therapeutic efficacy of anti-Treg treatment in a canine model of advanced prostate cancer. Methods We used dogs with naturally occurring prostate cancer to study the molecular mechanism underlying Treg infiltration and the effect of anti-Treg treatment. Tumor-infiltrating Tregs was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and the association with prognosis was examined in dogs with spontaneous prostate cancer. The molecular mechanism of Treg infiltration was explored by RNA sequencing and protein analyses. A non-randomized canine clinical trial was conducted to define the therapeutic potential of anti-Treg treatment for advanced prostate cancer. Human prostate cancer datasets were analyzed to compare gene expression in dogs and humans. Results Tumor-infiltrating Tregs were associated with poor prognosis in dogs bearing spontaneous prostate cancer. RNA sequencing and protein analyses showed a possible link between the CCL17–CCR4 pathway and the increase of tumor-infiltrating Tregs. Dogs with advanced prostate cancer responded to mogamulizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting CCR4, with decreased circulating Tregs, improved survival, and low incidence of clinically relevant adverse events. Urinary CCL17 concentration and BRAFV595E mutation were independently predictive of the response to mogamulizumab. Analysis of a transcriptomic dataset of human prostate cancer showed that the CCL17–CCR4 axis correlated with Foxp3. In silico survival analyses revealed that high expression of CCL17 was associated with poor prognosis. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that tumor-infiltrating Tregs expressed CCR4 in human patients with prostate cancer. Conclusions Anti-Treg treatment, through CCR4 blockade, may be a promising therapeutic approach for advanced prostate cancer in dogs and some population of human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Motegi
- Veterinary Medical Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aki Iio
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kaji
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Goto-Koshino
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Veterinary Medical Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Eto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Namiko Ikeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nishimura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yonezawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Momoi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Cavalca AMB, Brandi A, Fonseca-Alves RH, Laufer-Amorim R, Fonseca-Alves CE. P-Glycoprotein and Androgen Receptor Expression Reveals Independence of Canine Prostate Cancer from Androgen Hormone Stimulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031163. [PMID: 35163087 PMCID: PMC8835304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine prostate cancer (PC) is an aggressive disease, and dogs can be considered comparative models for human PC. In recent years, canine PC has been shown to resemble human castrate-resistant prostate cancer. The influx and efflux of testosterone in prostatic luminal cells are regulated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Therefore, human PC generally lacks P-gp expression and maintains the expression of androgen receptors (ARs). However, this co-expression has not previously been investigated in dogs. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate AR and P-gp co-expression to elucidate these protein patterns in canine prostate samples. We identified AR/P-gp double immunofluorescence co-expression of both proteins in normal luminal cells. However, in canine PC, cells lack AR expression and exhibit increased P-gp expression. These results were confirmed by gene expression analyses. Overall, our results strongly suggest that normal canine prostate testosterone influx may be regulated by P-gp expression, and that during progression to PC, prostatic cells lack AR expression and P-gp overexpress. P-gp expression in canine PC may be related to a phenotype of multiple drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Matheus Baesso Cavalca
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (A.M.B.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Andressa Brandi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (A.M.B.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Ricardo Henrique Fonseca-Alves
- Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Electrical, Mechanical and Computer Engineering, Federal University of Goias—UFG, Goiania 74690-900, Brazil;
| | - Renée Laufer-Amorim
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (A.M.B.C.); (A.B.)
- Institute of Health Sciences, Paulista University—UNIP, Bauru 17048-290, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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10
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Iizuka K, Ishigaki K, Seki M, Nagumo T, Tamura K, Sakurai N, Terai K, Asano K. Comparison of outcomes between medical and surgical treatment in dogs with prostatic adenocarcinoma: a retrospective study. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:36. [PMID: 35033065 PMCID: PMC8760710 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostatic cancer is uncommon in dogs. Dogs with prostatic carcinoma have been reported to have a poor prognosis. Information regarding prognosis with various surgery options as well as prognosis with surgical vs. medical treatment is lacking. This retrospective study compares the outcomes of medical management to surgical treatment in dogs with prostatic adenocarcinoma and assesses the surgical outcomes of patients who underwent total prostatectomy (TP) and prostatocystectomy (TPC). The medical records of 41 dogs with prostatic adenocarcinoma, between February 2008 and June 2019, were reviewed for information on signalment, clinical signs in the initial evaluation, preoperative diagnostic imaging findings, treatment type (non-surgical or surgical), surgery type, postoperative complications, adjunctive medical therapy, and survival time. The dogs were divided into non-surgical (n = 12) or surgical (n = 29) groups. The surgical group was subdivided into the TP (n = 20) and TPC (n = 9) subgroups. Results Age was not significantly different between the surgical (median 13.1 years [8.4–15.4] years) and the non-surgical groups (median 10.8 [7.7–15.3] years). Body weight (BW) was also not significantly different between the surgical (median 6.8 kg [2.4–34.5 kg]) and non-surgical groups (median 6.4 kg [3.7–9.12 kg]). The overall median survival time (MST) from the initial evaluation was significantly longer in the surgical than in the non-surgical group (337 vs. 90.5 days). The postoperative MST was significantly longer in the TP group than in the TPC subgroup (510 vs. 83 days). As TPC was performed in cases of tumor progression, its postoperative complications were severe, resulting in a shorter MST. Ten (50%) and 6 patients (30%) in the TP subgroup postoperatively showed mild and severe urinary incontinence, respectively, whereas all patients in TPC subgroup did show severe incontinence. Conclusion Results of the study suggest that surgical treatment of prostatic carcinoma results in longer survival times over medical management alone. In particular, TP might be recommended for improving survival time and quality of life in canine prostatic adenocarcinoma that does not infiltrate the bladder. Early detection is key for a survival advantage with surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Iizuka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ishigaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Mamiko Seki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nagumo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Kei Tamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Naoki Sakurai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Terai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Kazushi Asano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan.
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11
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Ryman‐Tubb T, Lothion‐Roy JH, Metzler VM, Harris AE, Robinson BD, Rizvanov AA, Jeyapalan JN, James VH, England G, Rutland CS, Persson JL, Kenner L, Rubin MA, Mongan NP, de Brot S. Comparative pathology of dog and human prostate cancer. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:110-120. [PMID: 34628719 PMCID: PMC8788985 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Though relatively rare in dogs, prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in men. Human and canine prostate glands share many functional, anatomical and physiological features. Due to these similarities, canine PCa has been proposed as a model for PCa in men. PCa is typically androgen-dependent at diagnosis in men and for this reason, androgen deprivation therapies (ADT) are important treatments for advanced PCa in men. In contrast, there is some evidence that PCa is diagnosed more commonly in castrate dogs, at which point, limited therapeutic options are available. In men, a major limitation of current ADT is that progression to a lethal and incurable form of PCa, termed castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), is common. There is, therefore, an urgent need for a better understanding of the mechanism of PCa initiation and progression to CRPC to enable the development of novel therapeutic approaches. This review focuses on the functional, physiological, endocrine and histopathological similarities and differences in the prostate gland of these species. In particular, we focus on common physiological roles for androgen signalling in the prostate of men and dogs, we review the short- and longer-term effects of castration on PCa incidence and progression in the dog and relate how this knowledge may be relevant to understanding the mechanisms of CRPC in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Ryman‐Tubb
- BioDiscovery InstituteSchool of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Jennifer H. Lothion‐Roy
- BioDiscovery InstituteSchool of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Veronika M. Metzler
- BioDiscovery InstituteSchool of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Anna E. Harris
- BioDiscovery InstituteSchool of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | | | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- BioDiscovery InstituteSchool of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and ScienceKazan Federal UniversityKazanTatarstanRussia
| | - Jennie N. Jeyapalan
- BioDiscovery InstituteSchool of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Victoria H. James
- BioDiscovery InstituteSchool of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Gary England
- BioDiscovery InstituteSchool of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Catrin S. Rutland
- BioDiscovery InstituteSchool of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Jenny L. Persson
- Department of Molecular BiologyUmeå UniversitetUmeåSweden
- Department of Biomedical SciencesMalmö UniversitetMalmöSweden
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Experimental PathologyLaboratory Animal Pathology Medical University WienViennaAustria
| | - Mark A. Rubin
- Bern Center for Precision MedicineUniversity of Bern and InselspitalBernSwitzerland
- Department of BioMedical ResearchUniversity of Bern and InselspitalBernSwitzerland
| | - Nigel P. Mongan
- BioDiscovery InstituteSchool of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- Department of PharmacologyWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Simone de Brot
- BioDiscovery InstituteSchool of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- COMPATH, Institute of Animal PathologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
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12
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Weiner F, Schille JT, Koczan D, Wu XF, Beller M, Junghanss C, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Murua Escobar H, Nolte I. Novel chemotherapeutic agent FX-9 activates NF-κB signaling and induces G1 phase arrest by activating CDKN1A in a human prostate cancer cell line. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1088. [PMID: 34625047 PMCID: PMC8501574 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aminoisoquinoline FX-9 shows pro-apoptotic and antimitotic effects against lymphoblastic leukemia cells and prostate adenocarcinoma cells. In contrast, decreased cytotoxic effects against non-neoplastic blood cells, chondrocytes, and fibroblasts were observed. However, the actual FX-9 molecular mode of action is currently not fully understood. Methods In this study, microarray gene expression analysis comparing FX-9 exposed and unexposed prostate cancer cells (PC-3 representing castration-resistant prostate cancer), followed by pathway analysis and gene annotation to functional processes were performed. Immunocytochemistry staining was performed with selected targets. Results Expression analysis revealed 0.83% of 21,448 differential expressed genes (DEGs) after 6-h exposure of FX-9 and 0.68% DEGs after 12-h exposure thereof. Functional annotation showed that FX-9 primarily caused an activation of inflammatory response by non-canonical nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. The 6-h samples showed activation of the cell cycle inhibitor CDKN1A which might be involved in the secondary response in 12-h samples. This secondary response predominantly consisted of cell cycle-related changes, with further activation of CDKN1A and inhibition of the transcription factor E2F1, including downstream target genes, resulting in G1-phase arrest. Matching our previous observations on cellular level senescence signaling pathways were also found enriched. To verify these results immunocytochemical staining of p21 Waf1/Cip1 (CDKN1A), E2F1 (E2F1), PAI-1 (SERPNE1), and NFkB2/NFkB p 100 (NFKB2) was performed. Increased expression of p21 Waf1/Cip1 and NFkB2/NFkB p 100 after 24-h exposure to FX-9 was shown. E2F1 and PAI-1 showed no increased expression. Conclusions FX-9 induced G1-phase arrest of PC-3 cells through activation of the cell cycle inhibitor CDKN1A, which was initiated by an inflammatory response of noncanonical NF-κB signaling. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08836-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Weiner
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - J T Schille
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - D Koczan
- Core Facility for Microarray Analysis, Institute for Immunology, University of Rostock, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - X-F Wu
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - M Beller
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - C Junghanss
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - M Hewicker-Trautwein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - H Murua Escobar
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center - Mecklenburg Vorpommern (CCC-MV), Campus Rostock, University of Rostock, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - I Nolte
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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13
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de Brot S, Lothion-Roy J, Grau-Roma L, White E, Guscetti F, Rubin MA, Mongan NP. Histological and immunohistochemical investigation of canine prostate carcinoma with identification of common intraductal carcinoma component. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:38-49. [PMID: 33963663 PMCID: PMC9292867 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A limited number of species, including men and dogs, spontaneously develop prostate cancer (PC). The histological and molecular relevance of canine PC as a model for the disease in men remains controversial. To address this challenge, this study aimed to assess the histomorphology and expression of basal cell, urothelial and neuroendocrine markers [p63, high molecular weight cytokeratin (HMWCK), Uroplakin 3 (UPIII), neuron‐specific enolase (NSE)] in canine PC (n = 41). Based on histomorphology, 10/41 (24%), 21/41 (51%) and 9/41 (22%) were classified as adenocarcinoma (AC), urothelial carcinoma (UC), and mixed carcinoma, respectively. Tumour inflammation was common, frequently severe [20/41 (49%)], and associated with neutering (p < .02) and urothelial differentiation (p < .02). Most (36/40, 90%) cancers contained only rare cells with basal cell marker expression or were negative. The expression of UPIII was absent or weak in the majority (33/38, 87%) of tumours, with moderate to strong staining in the remaining cases. NSE expression in PC was rare and limited to 2/14 (14%) cases. Tumour extension into benign ducts and glands was a common finding with presence in 17/39 (44%) of carcinomas with and without urothelial differentiation. In conclusion, we confirm that canine PC is characterized by absent or weak expression of basal cell and urothelial markers. Although rare, NSE expression, potentially indicating neuroendocrine differentiation, is reported for the first time in canine PCa. Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate with concurrent invasive PCa (IDCP‐inv) is a frequent, not previously described, finding in dogs with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone de Brot
- COMPATH, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jennifer Lothion-Roy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Llorenç Grau-Roma
- COMPATH, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emily White
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Franco Guscetti
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern and Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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14
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Gregório H, Magalhães TR, Pires I, Prada J, Carvalho MI, Queiroga FL. The role of COX expression in the prognostication of overall survival of canine and feline cancer: A systematic review. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:1107-1119. [PMID: 33751829 PMCID: PMC8294401 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms-1 and -2 have been extensively investigated in cancer. Although COX-2 is the isoform most studied and has been described in several malignancies associated with histologic criteria of malignancy and worse prognosis, COX-1 has also been linked to some forms of cancer. With the present review our aim was to summarize the current state of knowledge and clarify if and in which type of tumours COX-1 and/or COX-2 expression have real prognostic implications. We searched PubMed database for prognostic studies using predefined inclusion criteria in order to ascertain the prognostic value of COX-1 and COX-2 in malignant neoplasia in dogs and cats. Eighteen studies were analysed. COX-2 was shown to be a negative prognostic factor in canine and feline mammary tumours, canine mast cell tumour, canine melanoma, canine osteosarcoma and canine renal cell carcinoma. COX-1 showed a negative prognostic value in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We found high heterogeneity among studies regarding COX immunohistochemical evaluation methodology even in the same type of neoplasia pointing out the need for its standardization at least by tumour type. The available data support the use of COX-2 as a prognostic factor in canine (mammary carcinoma, mast cell tumour, melanoma, osteosarcoma and renal carcinoma) and feline (mammary carcinoma) cancers. For COX-1, its use is advised in feline oral SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Gregório
- AniCura ®Centro Hospitalar Veterinario, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tomás R Magalhães
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pires
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Justina Prada
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria I Carvalho
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Felisbina L Queiroga
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Center for the Study of Animal Sciences, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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15
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Clerc-Renaud B, Gieger TL, LaRue SM, Nolan MW. Treatment of genitourinary carcinoma in dogs using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, mitoxantrone, and radiation therapy: A retrospective study. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1052-1061. [PMID: 33634516 PMCID: PMC7995427 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Locoregional tumor control and prolonged survival for dogs with genitourinary carcinoma (CGUC) reportedly are achievable using treatment with radiotherapy (RT) with or without adjunctive chemotherapy and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Objectives To characterize event‐free and overall survival after treatment of CGUC using NSAIDs, mitoxantrone (MTX), and a standardized RT protocol (57 Gy in 20 fractions). Animals Fifty‐one client‐owned dogs treated between 2008 and 2017. Methods Dogs were retrospectively categorized into treatment groups: (a) first‐line concurrent chemoradiotherapy (≥1 dose of MTX started within 1 month of RT); (b) first‐line chemotherapy (MTX administered for >1 month before RT without tumor progression); (c) RT as a salvage procedure (MTX, surgery or both with subsequent locoregional tumor progression before RT). Treatment‐induced toxicoses, event‐free survival (EFS), and overall survival times (OSTs) were recorded. The influence of demographics, staging, and treatment‐related factors on survival was assessed using Cox proportional hazards modeling. Results Median EFS and OST for all dogs were 260 and 510 days with no significant differences among groups 1 (n = 39), 2 (n = 4), and 3 (n = 8). Both EFS and OST were shorter in dogs with moderate to severe clinical signs (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively); OST was shorter in dogs with prostatic involvement (P = .02). Permanent urinary incontinence developed in 16 dogs (31%) at a median of 70 days postirradiation; other toxicoses were mild and self‐limiting. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Mild clinical signs and lack of prostate involvement were associated with favorable prognosis for survival. Client education regarding the risk of urinary incontinence is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Clerc-Renaud
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Veterinary Referral Associates, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Tracy L Gieger
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan M LaRue
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael W Nolan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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16
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Petrucci GN, Henriques J, Lobo L, Vilhena H, Figueira AC, Canadas-Sousa A, Dias-Pereira P, Prada J, Pires I, Queiroga FL. Adjuvant doxorubicin vs metronomic cyclophosphamide and meloxicam vs surgery alone for cats with mammary carcinomas: A retrospective study of 137 cases. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 19:714-723. [PMID: 33140523 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of low dose cyclophosphamide chemotherapy plus meloxicam as an adjuvant treatment, compared with high dose doxorubicin or surgery alone in cats with mammary carcinoma. Medical records of 228 female cats treated for mammary carcinoma between 2008 and 2018, were reviewed in eight veterinary institutions. Only cats with complete tumour staging and radical mastectomy were included in the study. One hundred and thirty-seven cats were divided into three treatment groups: group 1 (n = 80) cats treated with surgery, group 2 (n = 34) cats that had surgery and adjuvant treatment with doxorubicin, and group 3 (n = 23) cats with surgery and adjuvant treatment with low dose metronomic cyclophosphamide and meloxicam. The study endpoints were disease free interval (DFI) and overall survival (OS). Toxicity was evaluated according to the VCOG-CTCAE criteria. The median DFI was 270, 226 and 372 days in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The median OS was 338 (group 1), 421 (group 2) and 430 (group 3) days. The differences between groups were not significant (DFI P = .280 and OS P = .186). Toxicity was observed in 52.9% (n = 18) of cats in group 2 and 39.1% (n = 9) of cats in group 3, with mild to moderate intensity. Differences were not significant (P = .306). In conclusion, adjuvant chemotherapy treatment did not improve survival and the overall benefit remains unproven. Randomized prospective trials are necessary to clarify the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy treatment for feline mammary carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo N Petrucci
- Onevet Hospital Veterinário do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centre for Research and Technologies Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Luís Lobo
- Onevet Hospital Veterinário do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Center for the Study of Animal Sciences, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugo Vilhena
- Onevet Hospital Veterinário Baixo Vouga, Águeda, Portugal.,Center for investigation Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Department of Veterinary Siences, Vasco da Gama University School, Coimbra, Portugal.,Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana C Figueira
- Center for investigation Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Department of Veterinary Siences, Vasco da Gama University School, Coimbra, Portugal.,University Veterinary Hospital of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Canadas-Sousa
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute for the Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Porto University (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Dias-Pereira
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute for the Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Porto University (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Justina Prada
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pires
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Felisbina L Queiroga
- Centre for Research and Technologies Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Center for the Study of Animal Sciences, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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17
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Schlake A, Dell'Oglio P, Devriendt N, Stammeleer L, Binetti A, Bauwens K, Terriere N, Saunders J, Mottrie A, de Rooster H. First robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in a client-owned Bernese mountain dog with prostatic adenocarcinoma. Vet Surg 2020; 49:1458-1466. [PMID: 32885840 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and report the short-term outcome of a dog with prostatic cancer treated with RARP. STUDY DESIGN Case report ANIMALS: Client-owned 6-year-old male-neutered Bernese mountain dog. METHODS Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy was performed with a daVinci Si Surgical System through a transperitoneal approach. An interfascial nerve-sparing approach was used to preserve the neurovascular bundles and increase the likelihood of postoperative urinary continence. Urinary continence was assessed by placing white cloth bedding in the kennel during hospitalization and by owners' observation at home. RESULTS The console time was 120 minutes, and the estimated intraoperative blood loss was 30 mL. No intraoperative complications were observed. The urinary catheter was removed after 7 days, at which point the dog urinated normally. Peritoneal carcinomatosis was diagnosed 43 days after surgery, and the dog was euthanized. CONCLUSION Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy was successfully completed in a dog with prostatic neoplasia and led to postoperative urinary continence. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This single-case report provides evidence to justify further evaluation of RARP in dogs with prostatic neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schlake
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Paolo Dell'Oglio
- ORSI Academy, Melle, Belgium.,Department of Urology, Onze Lieve Vrouw Hospital, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Nausikaa Devriendt
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lisa Stammeleer
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Anna Binetti
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jimmy Saunders
- Department for Medical Imaging of Animals and Orthopedics of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Mottrie
- ORSI Academy, Melle, Belgium.,Department of Urology, Onze Lieve Vrouw Hospital, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Hilde de Rooster
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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18
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Cyclooxygenase-2 as a Biomarker with Diagnostic, Therapeutic, Prognostic, and Predictive Relevance in Small Animal Oncology. J Vet Res 2020; 64:151-160. [PMID: 32258812 PMCID: PMC7105978 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2020-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In canine and feline populations, the number of neoplasm cases continues to increase around the world. Attempts are being made in centres of research to identify new biomarkers that speed up and improve the quality of oncological diagnostics and therapy in human and animal tumour patients. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a promising biomarker with increasing relevance to human oncology, but as yet with less application in veterinary oncology. The expression of COX-2 increases significantly during pathological processes involving inflammation, pain or fever. It is also overexpressed in humans presenting various types of tumours and in selected types of tumours in animals, particularly in dogs. This article discusses the expression of COX-2 in canine and feline tumours, the importance of COX-2 as a biomarker with diagnostic, therapeutic, prognostic and predictive relevance in oncology, and the clinical significance of inhibiting COX-2 overexpression in tumours.
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19
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Packeiser EM, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Thiemeyer H, Mohr A, Junginger J, Schille JT, Murua Escobar H, Nolte I. Characterization of six canine prostate adenocarcinoma and three transitional cell carcinoma cell lines derived from primary tumor tissues as well as metastasis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230272. [PMID: 32168360 PMCID: PMC7069630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine prostate adenocarcinoma (PAC) and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of prostate and urinary bladder are highly invasive and metastatic tumors of closely neighbored organs. Cell lines are valuable tools to investigate tumor mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in vitro. PAC in dogs is infrequent, difficult to differentiate from TCC and usually characterized by poor prognosis, enhancing the value of the few available cell lines. However, as cell lines adapt to culturing conditions, a thorough characterization, ideally compared to original tissue, is indispensable. Herein, six canine PAC cell lines and three TCC cell lines were profiled by immunophenotype in comparison to respective original tumor tissues. Three of the six PAC cell lines were derived from primary tumor and metastases of the same patient. Further, two of the three TCC cell lines were derived from TCCs invading into or originating from the prostate. Cell biologic parameters as doubling times and chemoresistances to commonly used drugs in cancer treatment (doxorubicin, carboplatin and meloxicam) were assessed. All cell lines were immunohistochemically close to the respective original tissue. Compared to primary tumor cell lines, metastasis-derived cell lines were more chemoresistant to doxorubicin, but equally susceptive to carboplatin treatment. Two cell lines were multiresistant. COX-2 enzyme activity was demonstrated in all cell lines. However, meloxicam inhibited prostaglandin E2 production in only seven of nine cell lines and did neither influence metabolic activity, nor proliferation. The characterized nine cell lines represent excellent tools to investigate PAC as well as TCC in prostate and urinary bladder of the dog. Furthermore, the profiled paired cell lines from PAC primary tumor and metastasis provide the unique opportunity to investigate metastasis-associated changes PAC cells undergo in tumor progression. The combination of nine differently chemoresistant PAC and TCC cell lines resembles the heterogeneity of canine lower urinary tract cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Packeiser
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, University Medical Centre Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Heike Thiemeyer
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annika Mohr
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes Junginger
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Torben Schille
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, University Medical Centre Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, University Medical Centre Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- * E-mail: (HME); (IN)
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail: (HME); (IN)
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20
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Jones AL, Suárez-Bonnet A, Mitchell JA, Ramirez GA, Stidworthy MF, Priestnall SL. Avian Papilloma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: a Histopathological, Immunohistochemical and Virological study. J Comp Pathol 2020; 175:13-23. [PMID: 32138838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this retrospective study, we describe the histopathological findings in seven papillomas and 45 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from psittacine birds, raptors and domestic fowl. The age of affected birds ranged from 3 to 40 years, with median age significantly higher in psittacines (P = 0.014). The majority of tumours were located in the skin (24/52, 46.2%) or uropygial gland (10/52, 19.2%). Thirty of the SCCs (66.7%) were well differentiated and 15 (33.3%) were poorly-differentiated. SCCs exhibited a significantly higher degree of nuclear pleomorphism (P = 0.005) and a greater proportion were ulcerated (P = 0.001) compared with papillomas; however, there was no significant difference in mitotic count (MC) or inflammation score. The expression of cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 and E-cadherin was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The COX-2 total score (TS) was significantly higher in SCCs compared with papillomas (P = 0.002), but the difference between COX-2 TS of well- and poorly-differentiated SCCs was not significant. COX-2 labelling was predominantly cytoplasmic, but some tumours had concurrent membranous and/or perinuclear labelling. SCCs with membranous labelling had a significantly higher MC (P = 0.028). A significantly higher proportion of SCCs were negative for E-cadherin compared with papillomas (P = 0.042), but there was no significant difference between well- and poorly-differentiated SCCs. Fourteen papillomas and SCCs from psittacines were also tested by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of Psittacus erithacus papillomavirus 1 and Psittacid herpesvirus 1, but all samples tested negative. We demonstrate for the first time the expression of COX-2 and E-cadherin in avian tissues, and suggest that these markers may be useful in differentiating papillomas from SCCs, particularly when sample size is small.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Jones
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.
| | - A Suárez-Bonnet
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - J A Mitchell
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - G A Ramirez
- Departament de Ciència Animal, Campus of the Agrifood, Forestry and Veterinary Sciences, Universitat de Lleida, Av. de l'Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, Spain
| | - M F Stidworthy
- IZVG Pathology, Station House, Parkwood Street, Keighley, UK
| | - S L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
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21
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Walz JZ, Desai N, Van Asselt N, Poirier VJ, Hansen K, Selmic L. Definitive-intent intensity-modulated radiation therapy for treatment of canine prostatic carcinoma: A multi-institutional retrospective study. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:381-388. [PMID: 31811693 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
No standard of care is currently recognized for treatment of canine prostatic carcinoma (PC). This retrospective study assesses outcome following definitive-intent, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (RT) in dogs with PC. Medical records review was performed, including 18 patients from four institutions undergoing definitive-intent intensity-modulated radiotherapy to treat PC. Diagnosis was incidental in 7/18 (39%) patients. Five dogs (28%) had evidence of metastasis to loco-regional lymph nodes at diagnosis. Seventeen patients received concurrent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; 15/18 (83%) patients received maximally-tolerated dose (MTD) chemotherapy, with variable drugs and protocols employed. Total prescribed radiation dose ranged from 48 to 54 Gy (median 50 Gy) delivered as daily doses of 2.5-2.8 Gy. One patient was euthanized prior to completing radiotherapy. Acute toxicity was observed in nine patients; Grade 1-2 diarrhoea was the most common toxicity observed. Suspected late toxicity (urethral stricture, ureteral stricture and hindlimb oedema) was observed in three patients. Median event-free survival (EFS) following RT was 220 days, and median overall survival was 563 days. Local progression occurred in seven patients at a median of 241 days. Median overall survival was significantly longer in incidentally diagnosed dogs (581 vs 220 days in symptomatic dogs, P = .042). EFS was significantly longer in patients treated with MTD chemotherapy (241 vs 25 days, P < .001), and significantly shorter in patients presenting with evidence of metastatic disease (109 days) vs those without (388 days, P = .008). These findings suggest that definitive-intent radiotherapy is a valuable treatment option for local control of canine PC with moderate risk of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Z Walz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Oncology, MSPCA-Angell Animal Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Noopur Desai
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nathaniel Van Asselt
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Valerie J Poirier
- Animal Cancer Centre, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Massey University School of Veterinary Science, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Katherine Hansen
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Laura Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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22
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Cunto M, Mariani E, Anicito Guido E, Ballotta G, Zambelli D. Clinical approach to prostatic diseases in the dog. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:815-822. [PMID: 30974484 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In small animal practice, prostatic diseases are increasingly encountered. All dogs may experience prostatic disease, but particular care should be addressed to breeding dogs, in which prostatic affection may lead to decrease in semen quality and fertility. The most common prostatic disease is the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) followed by prostatitis, prostatic neoplasia and prostate squamous metaplasia. These diseases do not have pathognomonic symptoms, therefore, making a correct diagnosis may not be easy. An accurate clinical examination and a correct diagnostic protocol are essential in order to begin the most appropriate treatment, and also to do a good prophylaxis where it is possible. BPH therapy is usually recommended when mild-severe signs are present or if symptoms disturb the patient. New therapeutic approaches, both medical and surgical, allow to maintain fertility in most animals with prostatic disorders. Prostate cancer is relatively infrequent. Elective therapy is the surgical one, but it is considered palliative and can result in important post-operative complications. The aim of this paper is to lay down the most appropriate diagnostic process describing the aetiologies of prostatic disease, their symptoms, the right investigative tools and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cunto
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Elisa Mariani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Anicito Guido
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Giulia Ballotta
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Daniele Zambelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
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23
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Hurst EA, Pang LY, Argyle DJ. The selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor mavacoxib (Trocoxil) exerts anti-tumour effects in vitro independent of cyclooxygenase-2 expression levels. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:194-207. [PMID: 30767381 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The inducible inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) are prominent tumour promoters, and expression of COX-2 is elevated in a number of tumours of both humans and canines. Targeting COX-2 in cancer is an attractive option because of readily available non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and there is a clear epidemiological link between NSAID use and cancer risk. In this study, we aim to establish the anti-tumourigenic effects of the selective, long-acting COX-2 inhibitor mavacoxib. We show here that mavacoxib is cytotoxic to a panel of human and canine osteosarcoma, mammary and bladder carcinoma cancer cell lines; that it can induce apoptosis and inhibit the migration of these cells. Interestingly, we establish that mavacoxib can exert these effects independently of elevated COX-2 expression. This study highlights the potential novel use of mavacoxib as a cancer therapeutic, suggesting that mavacoxib may be an effective anti-cancer agent independent of tumour COX-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma A Hurst
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lisa Y Pang
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Argyle
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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24
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Griffin MA, Culp WTN, Rebhun RB. Lower Urinary Tract Neoplasia. Vet Sci 2018; 5:vetsci5040096. [PMID: 30486368 PMCID: PMC6313859 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5040096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower urinary tract neoplasia in companion animals is a debilitating and often life-threatening disease. Tumors of the bladder, urethra, and prostate often occur independently, although extension of these tumors into adjacent regions of the lower urinary tract is documented frequently. The most common lower urinary tract tumor in dogs and cats is transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). In both dogs and cats, TCC affecting the urinary bladder is generally considered to be highly aggressive with both local and metastatic disease potential, and this disease poses unique treatment challenges. Whereas much literature exists regarding the TCC disease process, treatment options, and prognosis in dogs, relatively few studies on feline TCC have been published due to the lower incidence of TCC in this species. Prostate tumors, most commonly adenocarcinomas, occur less commonly in dogs and cats but serve an important role as a comparative model for prostate neoplasia in humans. This article serves as a review of the current information regarding canine and feline lower urinary tract neoplasia as well as the relevance of these diseases with respect to their human counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen A Griffin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - William T N Culp
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Robert B Rebhun
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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26
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Ravicini S, Baines SJ, Taylor A, Amores-Fuster I, Mason SL, Treggiari E. Outcome and prognostic factors in medically treated canine prostatic carcinomas: A multi-institutional study. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:450-458. [PMID: 29806232 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Literature describing medical treatment of canine prostatic carcinoma (PC) is sparse. The aims of this study were to assess outcomes, including time to progression (TTP) and median survival time (MST), of canine PC treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and/or chemotherapy, and to identify prognostic factors. Records from 8 institutions were searched for dogs with cytologically or histologically confirmed PC without bladder involvement: 67 dogs were included. Presenting signs were urinary (25), gastrointestinal ([GI], 11) and systemic (3); 16 dogs had GI and urinary signs, 7 dogs had systemic signs with concurrent GI or urinary signs and in 5 dogs the tumour was an incidental finding. Out of 27 dogs, 9 (33%) had positive urine culture. Metastases were identified in 26 dogs to lymph nodes (19), lungs (10), bone (2) and liver (1). Treatment included NSAIDs and chemotherapy (32), NSAIDs alone (31) and chemotherapy alone (4). The overall MST was 82 days (range 9-752) and median TTP was 63 days (range 9-752). Dogs receiving NSAIDs combined with chemotherapy experienced a significantly longer MST (106 vs 51 days; P = .035) and TTP (76 vs 44 days; P = .02) compared to dogs receiving NSAIDs alone. Intact dogs and those with metastatic disease had significantly shorter MST (31 vs 90 days, P = .018 and 49 vs 109 days, P = .037, respectively); intact dogs also had significantly shorter TTP (25 vs 63 days, P = .0003). This study suggests that a combination of NSAIDs and chemotherapy may improve outcomes in canine PC. Metastatic disease and being entire negatively influenced prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ravicini
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Solihull, West Midlands, UK
| | - S J Baines
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Solihull, West Midlands, UK
| | - A Taylor
- Royal Veterinary College, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - I Amores-Fuster
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, Wirral, UK
| | - S L Mason
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Treggiari
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Solihull, West Midlands, UK
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27
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Bennett TC, Matz BM, Henderson RA, Straw RC, Liptak JM, Selmic LE, Collivignarelli F, Buracco P. Total prostatectomy as a treatment for prostatic carcinoma in 25 dogs. Vet Surg 2018; 47:367-377. [DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brad M. Matz
- Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine; Auburn Alabama
| | | | - Rodney C. Straw
- Australian Animal Cancer Foundation; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | | | - Laura E. Selmic
- College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
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28
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Fonseca-Alves CE, Kobayashi PE, Palmieri C, Laufer-Amorim R. Investigation of c-KIT and Ki67 expression in normal, preneoplastic and neoplastic canine prostate. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:380. [PMID: 29207991 PMCID: PMC5718037 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND c-KIT expression has been related to bone metastasis in human prostate cancer, but whether c-KIT expression can be similarly classified in canine prostatic tissue is unknown. This study assessed c-KIT and Ki67 expression in canine prostate cancer (PC). c-KIT gene and protein expression and Ki67 expression were evaluated in forty-four canine prostatic tissues by immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR and western blot. Additionally, we have investigated c-KIT protein expression by immunoblotting in two primary canine prostate cancer cell lines. RESULTS Eleven normal prostates, 12 proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) prostates, 18 PC, 3 metastatic lesions and two prostate cancer cell cultures (PC1 and PC2) were analysed. The prostatic tissue exhibited varying degrees of membranous, cytoplasmic or membranous/cytoplasmic c-KIT staining. Four normal prostates, 4 PIA and 5 prostatic carcinomas showed positive c-KIT expression. No c-KIT immunoexpression was observed in metastases. Canine prostate cancer and PIA samples contained a higher number of Ki67-positive cells compared to normal samples. The median relative quantification (RQ) for c-KIT expression in normal, PIA and prostate cancer and metastatic samples were 0.6 (0.1-2.5), 0.7 (0.09-2.1), 0.7 (0.09-5.1) and 0.1 (0.07-0.6), respectively. A positive correlation between the number of Ki67-positive cells and c-KIT transcript levels was observed in prostate cancer samples. In the cell line, PC1 was negative for c-KIT protein expression, while PC2 was weakly positive. CONCLUSION The present study identified a strong correlation between c-KIT expression and proliferative index, suggesting that c-KIT may influence cell proliferation. Therefore, c-KIT heterogeneous protein expression among the samples (five positive and thirteen negative prostate cancer samples) indicates a personalized approach for canine prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Professor Dr Walter Maurício Correa, s/n, Unesp/Campus de Botucatu, Mail box- 560, Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Emiko Kobayashi
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Professor Dr Walter Maurício Correa, s/n, Unesp/Campus de Botucatu, Mail box- 560, Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Chiara Palmieri
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Renée Laufer-Amorim
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Professor Dr Walter Maurício Correa, s/n, Unesp/Campus de Botucatu, Mail box- 560, Botucatu, SP, 18618-681, Brazil.
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29
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Usui T, Sakurai M, Nishikawa S, Umata K, Nemoto Y, Haraguchi T, Itamoto K, Mizuno T, Noguchi S, Mori T, Iwai S, Nakagawa T, Yamawaki H, Ohama T, Sato K. Establishment of a dog primary prostate cancer organoid using the urine cancer stem cells. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:2383-2392. [PMID: 29024204 PMCID: PMC5715251 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dog spontaneously develop prostate cancer (PC) like humans. Because most dogs with PC have a poor prognosis, they could be used as a translational model for advanced PC in humans. Stem cell‐derived 3‐D organoid culture could recapitulate organ structures and physiology. Using patient tissues, a human PC organoid culture system was established. Recent study has shown that urine cells also possess the characteristic of stem cells. However, urine cell‐derived PC organoids have never been produced. Therefore, we generated PC organoids using the dog urine samples. Urine organoids were successfully generated from each dog with PC. Each organoid showed cystic structures and resembled the epithelial structures of original tissues. Expression of an epithelial cell marker, E‐cadherin, and a myofibloblast marker, α‐SMA, was observed in the urine organoids. The organoids also expressed a basal cell marker, CK5, and a luminal cell marker, CK8. CD49f‐sorted basal cell organoids rapidly grew compared with CD24‐sorted luminal cell organoids. The population of CD44‐positive cells was the highest in both organoids and the original urine cells. Tumors were successfully formed with the injection of the organoids into immunodeficient mice. Treatment with a microtubule inhibitor, docetaxel, but not a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, piroxicam, and an mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, decreased the cell viability of organoids. Treatment with a Hedgehog signal inhibitor, GANT61, increased the radiosensitivity in the organoids. These findings revealed that PC organoids using urine might become a useful tool for investigating the mechanisms of the pathogenesis and treatment of PC in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Sakurai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shimpei Nishikawa
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Koji Umata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yuki Nemoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tomoya Haraguchi
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Itamoto
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takuya Mizuno
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Noguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Mori
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satomi Iwai
- Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery 2, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Maekawa N, Konnai S, Okagawa T, Nishimori A, Ikebuchi R, Izumi Y, Takagi S, Kagawa Y, Nakajima C, Suzuki Y, Kato Y, Murata S, Ohashi K. Immunohistochemical Analysis of PD-L1 Expression in Canine Malignant Cancers and PD-1 Expression on Lymphocytes in Canine Oral Melanoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157176. [PMID: 27276060 PMCID: PMC4898770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous cancers are common diseases in dogs. Among these, some malignant cancers such as oral melanoma, osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, and mast cell tumor are often recognized as clinical problems because, despite their high frequencies, current treatments for these cancers may not always achieve satisfying outcomes. The absence of effective systemic therapies against these cancers leads researchers to investigate novel therapeutic modalities, including immunotherapy. Programmed death 1 (PD-1) is a costimulatory receptor with immunosuppressive function. When it binds its ligands, PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) or PD-L2, PD-1 on T cells negatively regulates activating signals from the T cell receptor, resulting in the inhibition of the effector function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Aberrant PD-L1 expression has been reported in many human cancers and is considered an immune escape mechanism for cancers. In clinical trials, anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies induced tumor regression for several malignancies, including advanced melanoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma. In this study, to assess the potential of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis as a novel therapeutic target for canine cancer immunotherapy, immunohistochemical analysis of PD-L1 expression in various malignant cancers of dogs was performed. Here, we show that dog oral melanoma, osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, mast cell tumor, mammary adenocarcinoma, and prostate adenocarcinoma expressed PD-L1, whereas some other types of cancer did not. In addition, PD-1 was highly expressed on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes obtained from oral melanoma, showing that lymphocytes in this cancer type might have been functionally exhausted. These results strongly encourage the clinical application of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as novel therapeutic agents against these cancers in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Maekawa
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoru Konnai
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Okagawa
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Asami Nishimori
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryoyo Ikebuchi
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Izumi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takagi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kagawa
- North Lab, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Regional Innovation, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shiro Murata
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ohashi
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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31
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Cain DT, Battersby I, Doyle R. Response of dogs with urinary tract obstructions secondary to prostatic carcinomas to the α-1 antagonist prazosin. Vet Rec 2016; 178:96. [PMID: 26747028 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D T Cain
- Intern, Davies Veterinary Specialists, Higham Gobion, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - I Battersby
- Department of Medicine, Davies Veterinary Specialists, Higham Gobion, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - R Doyle
- Department of Soft Tissue Surgery, Davies Veterinary Specialists, Higham Gobion, Hertfordshire, UK
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32
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33
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Raposo TP, Beirão BCB, Pang LY, Queiroga FL, Argyle DJ. Inflammation and cancer: till death tears them apart. Vet J 2015; 205:161-74. [PMID: 25981934 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Advances in biotechnology have enabled the collection of an immeasurable amount of information from genomic, transcriptomic, metabolomic and proteomic studies of tumours within their microenvironments. The dissection of cytokine and chemokine networks has provided new clues to the interactions between cancer cells and their surrounding inflammatory landscape. To bridge the gap between chronic inflammation and cancer, dynamic participants in the tumour microenvironment have been identified, including tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Both of these cell types are notable for their ability to cause immunosuppressive conditions and support the evasion of tumour immune surveillance. It is clear now that the tumour-promoting inflammatory environment has to be included as one of the major cancer hallmarks. This review explores the recent advances in the understanding of cancer-related inflammation and how this is being applied to comparative oncology studies in humans and domestic species, such as the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Raposo
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - B C B Beirão
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - L Y Pang
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - F L Queiroga
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - D J Argyle
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Lower urinary tract neoplasia is uncommon in dogs and cats, though transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common tumor of the lower urinary tract in both species. Clinical signs are not specific for neoplasia, but neoplasia should be considered in patients that are older, have specific risk factors, or have persistent, severe, or relapsing signs. Local disease is often the cause of death or euthanasia; local control is challenging owing to tumor size and location. Systemic therapy is the mainstay of treatment. Prognosis is generally guarded, but therapy can result in improvement in clinical signs and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Cannon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Sara D Allstadt
- BluePearl Veterinary Partners, 13160 Magisterial Drive, Louisville, KY 40223, USA.
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Pang LY, Argyle SA, Kamida A, Morrison KO, Argyle DJ. The long-acting COX-2 inhibitor mavacoxib (Trocoxil™) has anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on canine cancer cell lines and cancer stem cells in vitro. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:184. [PMID: 25190452 PMCID: PMC4172958 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NSAID mavacoxib (Trocoxcil™) is a recently described selective COX-2 inhibitor used for the management of inflammatory disease in dogs. It has a long plasma half-life, requiring less frequent dosing and supporting increased owner compliance in treating their dogs. Although the use of NSAIDs has been described in cancer treatment in dogs, there are no studies to date that have examined the utility of mavacoxib specifically. RESULTS In this study we compared the in vitro activity of a short-acting non-selective COX inhibitor (carprofen) with mavacoxib, on cancer cell and cancer stem cell survival. We demonstrate that mavacoxib has a direct cell killing effect on cancer cells, increases apoptosis in cancer cells in a manner that may be independent of caspase activity, and has an inhibitory effect on cell migration. Importantly, we demonstrate that cancer stem cells derived from osteosarcoma cell lines are sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of mavacoxib. CONCLUSIONS Both NSAIDs can inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in vitro. Importantly, cancer stem cells derived from an osteosarcoma cell line are sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of mavacoxib. Our results suggest that mavacoxib has anti-tumour effects and that this in vitro anti-cancer activity warrants further study.
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Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor Associated with Carboplatin in Treatment of Metastatic Nasal Carcinoma in Dog. Case Rep Vet Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/817930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 10-year-old, intact male, pinscher was presented with unilateral bloodstained nasal discharge, sneezing, dyspnea, zygomatic arch deformity, submandibular lymph node increase, blindness in right eye, and exophthalmia. After clinical examination, it was found that the animal presented with upper respiratory tract dyspnea origin, possibly caused by an obstructive process. Complete blood count (CBC), ocular ultrasonography, thoracic radiographs, mandibular lymph node, and nasal sinus fine needle aspiration were performed. The right mandibular lymph node excisional biopsy was conducted and a tumor sample was obtained through the nasal fistula at hard palate. The material was processed, paraffin embedded, sectioned, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), vimentin, and COX-2 was performed. After histopathological evaluation nasal carcinoma diagnosis was obtained. Chemotherapy was established with carboplatin 300 mg/m2intravenously—four cycles with intervals of 21 days—and firocoxib 5 mg/kg orally every 24 hours for 7 months. After 7 months the treatment started, the animal presented with ataxia, vocalization, hyperesthesia, and anorexia. Due the clinical condition presented, the animal owner opted for performing euthanasia. The chemotherapy protocol was effective causing the disease stagnation, minimizing the clinical signs, and extending patient survival and quality of life.
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Knudsen CS, Williams A, Brearley MJ, Demetriou JL. COX-2 expression in canine anal sac adenocarcinomas and in non-neoplastic canine anal sacs. Vet J 2013; 197:782-7. [PMID: 23778258 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Anal sac adenocarcinoma (ASAC) is a clinically significant canine neoplasm characterized by early lymphatic invasion. Up-regulation of cyclooxygenase isoform 2 (COX-2) has been confirmed in several animal and human neoplastic tissues. The aim of the current study was primarily to evaluate COX-2 expression in canine ASAC and compare it to COX-2 expression in non-neoplastic canine anal sac tissue using immunohistochemistry with scoring for percentage positivity and intensity. Twenty-five ASAC samples and 22 normal anal sacs were available for evaluation. All canine ASAC samples and the normal anal sac tissues stained positively for COX-2. However, while normal anal sac tissue showed strong staining of the ductal epithelial cells, ASAC samples showed staining of the neoplastic glandular epithelial cells, with varying percentage positivity and intensity between ASAC samples. COX-2 immunoreactivity of ASAC samples was of low intensity in 52% and high in 12% of the cases; the remaining samples were of intermediate intensity. Seventy-six per cent of the ASAC had over 50% of the neoplastic glandular cells staining positive. These results confirm that COX-2 is expressed in the neoplastic glandular epithelial cells in canine ASAC and suggest a potential role for COX-2 inhibitors in the management of ASAC. Furthermore, the results indicate that COX-2 is expressed in ductal epithelial cells of the normal anal sac.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Knudsen
- The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
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Meier V, Geigy C, Grosse N, McSheehy P, Rohrer Bley C. Use of epothilone B (patupilone) in refractory lymphoma and advanced solid tumors in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2012. [PMID: 23205945 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epothilones are microtubule-stabilizing agents with promising antitumor effect in refractory and metastatic tumors in humans. The toxicity profile is considered more favorable than in taxanes. The safety of epothilone B (patupilone) has not been evaluated in tumor-bearing dogs. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the inhibition of proliferation in canine tumor cells after patupilone treatment. To assess toxicity profile and maximally tolerated dose of patupilone in dogs with refractory tumors. ANIMALS Twenty client-owned dogs with various malignancies. METHODS Prospective clinical study. The inhibition of proliferation was assessed with a proliferation assay in vitro in canine hemangiosarcoma and lymphoma cell lines. Dogs received patupilone IV once a week for 2 treatments (= 1 treatment cycle). Dose was escalated with 3 dogs per cohort and 20% increments. Adverse effects were graded according to the VCOG-CTCAE v1.0. RESULTS Both canine cell lines were sensitive to patupilone with approximately 50% decrease in proliferative activity at 0.2-1 nM. In vivo, dose-limiting adverse effects occurred at 3.3 mg/m(2); main adverse effects were diarrhea, anorexia, vomiting, and nausea. Neither neutropenia nor peripheral neuropathy was observed. Maximally tolerated dose for 2 patupilone administrations once weekly IV is 2.76 mg/m(2). Three per 11 dogs receiving more than 1 treatment cycle showed partial remission in the short period of observation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Canine tumor cells show inhibition of proliferation to patupilone in vitro. Clinically, a dose of 2.76 mg/m(2) IV is well tolerated in dogs with spontaneously occurring tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Meier
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Li W, Xu XL, Zhang J, Cai JH, Tang YX. Effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors on survival time in ovarian cancer xenograft-bearing mice. Oncol Lett 2012. [PMID: 23205124 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate whether cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors (coxibs) could prolong survival time by attenuating the tumor growth of ovarian cancer xenograft-bearing mice. Tumor growth and survival time were observed and compared in mice which were treated with a COX-1 inhibitor (SC-560) and a COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) every other day for a 21 day period from the day of tumor formation. The trial lasted a total of 121 days. The combination therapy resulted in statistically significant inhibition of tumor size compared with the control group (P<0.05). Additionally, single treatment of SC-560 or celecoxib significantly prolonged the mean survival time of mice compared with the control group (P<0.05). We suggest that COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors may improve survival and inhibit tumor growth, and that the tumor growth inhibition by coxibs may be the contributing factor for the prolonged survival time in mouse xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Gynecology, Nanjing Medical University of Hangzhou Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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Nolan M, Kogan L, Griffin L, Custis J, Harmon J, Biller B, LaRue S. Intensity-Modulated and Image-Guided Radiation Therapy for Treatment of Genitourinary Carcinomas in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26:987-95. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M.W. Nolan
- Department of Environmental and Radiologic Health Sciences
| | - L. Kogan
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Fort Collins; CO
| | - L.R. Griffin
- Department of Environmental and Radiologic Health Sciences
| | - J.T. Custis
- Department of Environmental and Radiologic Health Sciences
| | - J.F. Harmon
- Bon Secours Cancer Institute; Richmond Radiation Cancer Center; Henrico; VA
| | - B.J. Biller
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Fort Collins; CO
| | - S.M. LaRue
- Department of Environmental and Radiologic Health Sciences
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Goodrich ZJ, Wilke VL, Root Kustritz MV. Two cases of paraprostatic cysts in castrated male dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2012; 47:e195-8. [PMID: 22058370 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two castrated male dogs presented for evaluation of tenesmus. Presurgical evaluations included complete physical examinations, serum biochemistry, abdominal ultrasonography, and MRI (case 2 only). Paraprostatic cysts were diagnosed in both cases based on the results of abdominal ultrasonography, MRI, and histopathology of tissue samples obtained during exploratory laparotomy. To the authors' knowledge, the two cases presented herein are the first documented cases of paraprostatic cysts that developed after castration in male dogs. Paraprostatic cysts should be considered in the differential diagnoses for castrated male dogs with prostatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Goodrich
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
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Chon E, McCartan L, Kubicek LN, Vail DM. Safety evaluation of combination toceranib phosphate (Palladia®) and piroxicam in tumour-bearing dogs (excluding mast cell tumours): a phase I dose-finding study. Vet Comp Oncol 2011; 10:184-93. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00265.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX; also known as prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase) is a key enzyme in the biochemical pathway leading to the synthesis of prostaglandins. A large amount of epidemiological and experimental evidence supports a role for COX-2, the inducible form of the enzyme, in human tumorigenesis, notably in colorectal cancer. COX-2 mediates this role through the production of PGE(2) that acts to inhibit apoptosis, promote cell proliferation, stimulate angiogenesis, and decrease immunity. Similarly, COX-2 is believed to be involved in the oncogenesis of some cancers in domestic animals. Here, the author reviews the current knowledge on COX-2 expression and role in cancers of dogs, cats, and horses. Data indicate that COX-2 upregulation is present in many animal cancers, but there is presently not enough information to clearly define the prognostic significance of COX-2 expression. To date, only few reports document an association between COX-2 expression and survival, notably in canine mammary cancers and osteosarcomas. Some evidence suggests that COX inhibitors could be useful in the prevention and/or treatment of certain cancers in domestic animals, the best example being urinary transitional cell carcinomas in dogs. However, determination of the levels of COX-2 in a tumor does not appear to be a good prognostic factor or a good indicator for the response to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy. Clearly, additional research, including the development of in vitro cell systems, is needed to determine if COX-2 expression can be used as a reliable prognostic factor and as a definite therapeutic target in animal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Doré
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
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Sonzogni-Desautels K, Knapp DW, Sartin E, Doré M. Effect of cyclooxygenase inhibitors in a xenograft model of canine mammary tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2010; 9:161-71. [PMID: 21848619 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2010.00242.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) represents a possible avenue for the prevention and/or treatment of some cancers. Our goal was to compare the effect of a selective inhibitor of COX-2, deracoxib, and a COX-1 and -2 inhibitor, piroxicam, on the growth of canine mammary tumours in a murine model. CMT-9 was used to induce xenografts in nude mice. Mice were treated with piroxicam (0.6 mg kg(-1)), deracoxib (6 mg kg(-1)) or a control solution. Tumour volumes between 0 and 24 days post-treatment showed no significant difference between all groups. A second series of experiments was performed with a higher dose of piroxicam (0.9 mg kg(-1)). Tumour volumes between 14 and 21 days post-treatment were significantly smaller in piroxicam-treated mice compared with controls. These results demonstrate that COX inhibition reduced the growth of canine mammary cancer xenografts in mice, suggesting that COX inhibitors could have a positive effect in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sonzogni-Desautels
- Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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45
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46
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Rossmeisl JH, Robertson JL, Zimmerman KL, Higgins MA, Geiger DA. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in canine intracranial meningiomas. Vet Comp Oncol 2009; 7:173-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2009.00188.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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47
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LeRoy BE, Northrup N. Prostate cancer in dogs: Comparative and clinical aspects. Vet J 2009; 180:149-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Goodman L, Coles TB, Budsberg S. Leukotriene inhibition in small animal medicine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2009; 31:387-98. [PMID: 19000257 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2008.00963.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Leukotrienes are important mediators of inflammatory and allergic conditions in people and are suspected to play an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor growth of several different tumor types. Based on this, researchers are making great progress in identifying novel pharmacologic targets for several human diseases. Leukotriene inhibition has resulted in therapeutic benefit in clinical trials involving people with osteoarthritis, allergic asthma, and atopic dermatitis. Despite this progress and the possibility that leukotriene inhibition may also play an important therapeutic role in veterinary patients, parallel advances have not yet been made in veterinary medicine. This article summarizes leukotriene function and synthesis. It also reviews the published literature regarding potential therapeutic applications of leukotriene inhibition in both human and veterinary medicine, focusing primarily on osteoarthritis, NSAID induced gastrointestinal mucosal damage, allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Goodman
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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49
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Smith KM, Scase TJ, Miller JL, Donaldson D, Sansom J. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 by equine ocular and adnexal squamous cell carcinomas. Vet Ophthalmol 2008; 11 Suppl 1:8-14. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2008.00623.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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50
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L'Eplattenier HF, Lai CL, Ham R, Mol J, Sluijs F, Teske E. Regulation of COX-2 Expression in Canine Prostate Carcinoma: Increased COX-2 Expression is Not Related to Inflammation. J Vet Intern Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb03021.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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