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Vences M, Miralles A, DeSalle R. A Glossary of DNA Barcoding Terms. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2744:561-572. [PMID: 38683343 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3581-0_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
This chapter provides a reference glossary for the protocols in this volume. We have chosen only the very basic terms in the DNA barcode lexicon to include, and provide clear and concise definitions of these terms. We hope the reader finds this glossary useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Vences
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Aurélien Miralles
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Robert DeSalle
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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3
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Vadivalagan C, Karthika P, Murugan K, Panneerselvam C, Del Serrone P, Benelli G. Exploring genetic variation in haplotypes of the filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) through DNA barcoding. Acta Trop 2017; 169:43-50. [PMID: 28126462 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) is a vector of many pathogens and parasites of humans, as well as domestic and wild animals. In urban and semi-urban Asian countries, Cx. quinquefasciatus is a main vector of nematodes causing lymphatic filariasis. In the African region, it vectors the Rift Valley fever virus, while in the USA it transmits West Nile, St. Louis encephalitis and Western equine encephalitis virus. In this study, DNA barcoding was used to explore the genetic variation of Cx. quinquefasciatus populations from 88 geographical regions. We presented a comprehensive approach analyzing the effectiveness of two gene markers, i.e. CO1 and 16S rRNA. The high threshold genetic divergence of CO1 (0.47%) gene was reported as an ideal marker for molecular identification of this mosquito vector. Furthermore, null substitutions were lower in CO1 if compared to 16S rRNA, which influenced its differentiating potential among Indian haplotypes. NJ tree was well supported with high branch values for CO1 gene than 16S rRNA, indicating ideal genetic differentiation among haplotypes. TCS haplotype network revealed 14 distinct clusters. The intra- and inter-population polymorphism were calculated among the global and Indian Cx. quinquefasciatus lineages. The genetic diversity index Tajima' D showed negative values for all the 4 intra-population clusters (G2-4, G10). Fu's FS showed negative value for G10 cluster, which was significant and indicated recent population expansion. However, the G2-G4 (i.e. Indian lineages) had positive values, suggesting a bottleneck effect. Overall, our research firstly shed light on the genetic differences among the haplotypes of Cx. quinquefasciatus species complex, adding basic knowledge to the molecular ecology of this important mosquito vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chithravel Vadivalagan
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pushparaj Karthika
- Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kadarkarai Murugan
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632 115, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Paola Del Serrone
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Animal Production Research Centre, Via Salaria 31, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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4
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Haarsma A, Siepel H, Gravendeel B. Added value of metabarcoding combined with microscopy for evolutionary studies of mammals. ZOOL SCR 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne‐Jifke Haarsma
- Radboud University Animal Ecology and Physiology department Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center Endless Forms group Darwinweg 2 2333 CR Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Henk Siepel
- Radboud University Animal Ecology and Physiology department Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Wageningen University Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation group Droevendaalsesteeg 3 6708 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Gravendeel
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center Endless Forms group Darwinweg 2 2333 CR Leiden The Netherlands
- University of Applied Sciences Leiden Life Sciences cluster Zernikedreef 11 2333 CK Leiden The Netherlands
- Leiden University Institute Biology Leiden Sylviusweg 72 2333 BE Leiden The Netherlands
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5
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Dupont L, Porco D, Symondson WOC, Roy V. Hybridization relics complicate barcode-based identification of species in earthworms. Mol Ecol Resour 2016; 16:883-94. [PMID: 26929276 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Introgressive hybridization results in mito-nuclear discordance which could obscure the delimitation of closely related taxa. Although such events are increasingly reported, they have been poorly studied in earthworms. Here, we propose a method for investigating the degree of introgressive hybridization between three taxa of the Allolobophora chlorotica aggregate within two field populations (N = 67 and N = 105) using a reference data set including published DNA barcoding and microsatellite data of all known A. chlorotica lineages (N = 85). For this, we used both molecular phylogenetic and population genetic approaches. The test of correspondence between mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) lineages and clusters of nuclear microsatellite genotypes allowed individuals to be sorted in three categories (matching, admixed and nonmatching) and additional markers (mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1, nuclear Histone 3 and Internal transcribed Spacer Region 2) were used for phylogenetic reconstructions in order to check assignments. Although 15 admixed individuals were observed, no early-generation hybrids were detected within the two populations. Interestingly, 14 nonmatching individuals (i.e. with a mtDNA haplotype that did not correspond to their nuclear cluster) were detected, a pattern that would result after multiple generations of unidirectional hybridization of female from one taxon to male of the other taxon. Because earthworms are simultaneous hermaphrodites, these events of unidirectional hybridization suggest sterility of the male function in several crosses and highlight that some individuals can be misidentified if reliance is placed on COI barcodes alone. These findings could improve the use of these barcodes in earthworms for species delineation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dupont
- Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris, Université Paris Est Créteil, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - D Porco
- Bâtiment IRESE A, Université de Rouen - Laboratoire ECODIV, Place Emile Blondel, 76821, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | - W O C Symondson
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - V Roy
- Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris, Université Paris Est Créteil, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
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Zafar FHS, Ayub Z, Begum S, Siddiqui G, Roberts D. Limpets of the genus Cellana (Patellogastropoda) from Pakistan, North Arabian Sea: species identification based on DNA sequencing. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 27:2868-72. [PMID: 26065851 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1053133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The true limpets are found in the intertidal zone of the rocky shores of Pakistan, North Arabian Sea. Partial sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I was used to estimate the degree of genetic differentiation among the morphological forms of Cellana, which were considered as three separate species earlier in Pakistan. The study revealed that the three morphs of Cellana on COI sequence generated a single haplotype and matched with the COI sequence of Cellana karachiensis. This point out the phenotypic plasticity between the proposed species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zarrien Ayub
- b Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi , Karachi , Pakistan , and
| | - Samar Begum
- b Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi , Karachi , Pakistan , and
| | - Ghazala Siddiqui
- b Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi , Karachi , Pakistan , and
| | - David Roberts
- c C-Mar School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
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Woodard SH, Lozier JD, Goulson D, Williams PH, Strange JP, Jha S. Molecular tools and bumble bees: revealing hidden details of ecology and evolution in a model system. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:2916-36. [PMID: 25865395 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Bumble bees are a longstanding model system for studies on behaviour, ecology and evolution, due to their well-studied social lifestyle, invaluable role as wild and managed pollinators, and ubiquity and diversity across temperate ecosystems. Yet despite their importance, many aspects of bumble bee biology have remained enigmatic until the rise of the genetic and, more recently, genomic eras. Here, we review and synthesize new insights into the ecology, evolution and behaviour of bumble bees that have been gained using modern genetic and genomic techniques. Special emphasis is placed on four areas of bumble bee biology: the evolution of eusociality in this group, population-level processes, large-scale evolutionary relationships and patterns, and immunity and resistance to pesticides. We close with a prospective on the future of bumble bee genomics research, as this rapidly advancing field has the potential to further revolutionize our understanding of bumble bees, particularly in regard to adaptation and resilience. Worldwide, many bumble bee populations are in decline. As such, throughout the review, connections are drawn between new molecular insights into bumble bees and our understanding of the causal factors involved in their decline. Ongoing and potential applications to bumble bee management and conservation are also included to demonstrate how genetics- and genomics-enabled research aids in the preservation of this threatened group.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hollis Woodard
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.,Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lozier
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35401, USA
| | - David Goulson
- Evolution, Behaviour & Environment, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Paul H Williams
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - James P Strange
- USDA-ARS, Pollinating Insect Research Unit, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Shalene Jha
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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Chan A, Chiang LP, Hapuarachchi HC, Tan CH, Pang SC, Lee R, Lee KS, Ng LC, Lam-Phua SG. DNA barcoding: complementing morphological identification of mosquito species in Singapore. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:569. [PMID: 25498759 PMCID: PMC4282734 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taxonomy that utilizes morphological characteristics has been the gold standard method to identify mosquito species. However, morphological identification is challenging when the expertise is limited and external characters are damaged because of improper specimen handling. Therefore, we explored the applicability of mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene-based DNA barcoding as an alternative tool to identify mosquito species. In the present study, we compared the morphological identification of mosquito specimens with their differentiation based on COI barcode, in order to establish a more reliable identification system for mosquito species found in Singapore. METHODS We analysed 128 adult mosquito specimens, belonging to 45 species of 13 genera. Phylogenetic trees were constructed for Aedes, Anopheles, Culex and other genera of mosquitoes and the distinctive clustering of different species was compared with their taxonomic identity. RESULTS The COI-based DNA barcoding achieved a 100% success rate in identifying the mosquito species. We also report COI barcode sequences of 16 mosquito species which were not available previously in sequence databases. CONCLUSIONS Our study utilised for the first time DNA barcoding to identify mosquito species in Singapore. COI-based DNA barcoding is a useful tool to complement taxonomy-based identification of mosquito species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Chan
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11 Biopolis Way, Helios Block, #06-05/08, Singapore, 138667, Singapore.
| | - Lee-Pei Chiang
- Shizenature Pte Ltd, 3016, Eastech, Bedok North Avenue 4, #02-13, Singapore, 489947, Singapore.
| | - Hapuarachchige C Hapuarachchi
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11 Biopolis Way, Helios Block, #06-05/08, Singapore, 138667, Singapore.
| | - Cheong-Huat Tan
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11 Biopolis Way, Helios Block, #06-05/08, Singapore, 138667, Singapore.
| | - Sook-Cheng Pang
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11 Biopolis Way, Helios Block, #06-05/08, Singapore, 138667, Singapore.
| | - Ruth Lee
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11 Biopolis Way, Helios Block, #06-05/08, Singapore, 138667, Singapore.
| | - Kim-Sung Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 535, Clementi Road, Singapore, 599489, Singapore.
| | - Lee-Ching Ng
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11 Biopolis Way, Helios Block, #06-05/08, Singapore, 138667, Singapore.
| | - Sai-Gek Lam-Phua
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11 Biopolis Way, Helios Block, #06-05/08, Singapore, 138667, Singapore.
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Jin Q, Han H, Hu X, Li X, Zhu C, Ho SYW, Ward RD, Zhang AB. Quantifying species diversity with a DNA barcoding-based method: Tibetan moth species (Noctuidae) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64428. [PMID: 23741330 PMCID: PMC3669328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With the ongoing loss of biodiversity, there is a great need for fast and effective ways to assess species richness and diversity: DNA barcoding provides a powerful new tool for this. We investigated this approach by focusing on the Tibetan plateau, which is one of the world's top biodiversity hotspots. There have been few studies of its invertebrates, although they constitute the vast majority of the region's diversity. Here we investigated species diversity of the lepidopteran family Noctuidae, across different environmental gradients, using measurements based on traditional morphology as well as on DNA barcoding. The COI barcode showed an average interspecific K2P distance of 9.45±2.08%, which is about four times larger than the mean intraspecific distance (1.85±3.20%). Using six diversity indices, we did not detect any significant differences in estimated species diversity between measurements based on traditional morphology and on DNA barcoding. Furthermore, we found strong positive correlations between them, indicating that barcode-based measures of species diversity can serve as a good surrogate for morphology-based measures in most situations tested. Eastern communities were found to have significantly higher diversity than Western ones. Among 22 environmental factors tested, we found that three (precipitation of driest month, precipitation of driest quarter, and precipitation of coldest quarter) were significantly correlated with species diversity. Our results indicate that these factors could be the key ecological factors influencing the species diversity of the lepidopteran family Noctuidae on the Tibetan plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilin Han
- School of Forestry, Experiment Center, Northeast Forestry University, Haerbin, People's Republic of China
| | - XiMin Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - XinHai Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - ChaoDong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Simon Y. W. Ho
- School of Biological Sciences, University Of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert D. Ward
- Wealth from Oceans Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ai-bing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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10
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Bergmann T, Rach J, Damm S, DeSalle R, Schierwater B, Hadrys H. The potential of distance-based thresholds and character-based DNA barcoding for defining problematic taxonomic entities by CO1 and ND1. Mol Ecol Resour 2013; 13:1069-81. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Bergmann
- ITZ Ecology & Evolution; TiHo Hannover; Bünteweg 17d; D-30559; Hannover; Germany
| | - J. Rach
- ITZ Ecology & Evolution; TiHo Hannover; Bünteweg 17d; D-30559; Hannover; Germany
| | - S. Damm
- ITZ Ecology & Evolution; TiHo Hannover; Bünteweg 17d; D-30559; Hannover; Germany
| | - R. DeSalle
- American Museum of Natural History; The Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics; New York; NY; 10024; USA
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11
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Maas AE, Blanco-Bercial L, Lawson GL. Reexamination of the species assignment of Diacavolinia pteropods using DNA barcoding. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53889. [PMID: 23335979 PMCID: PMC3545881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thecosome pteropods (Mollusca, Gastropoda) are an ecologically important, diverse, and ubiquitous group of holoplanktonic animals that are the focus of intense research interest due to their external aragonite shell and vulnerability to ocean acidification. Characterizing the response of these animals to low pH and other environmental stressors has been hampered by continued uncertainty in their taxonomic identification. An example of this confusion in species assignment is found in the genus Diacavolinia. All members of this genus were originally indentified as a single species, Cavolinia longirostris, but over the past fifty years the taxonomy has been revisited multiple times; currently the genus comprises 22 different species. This study examines five species of Diacavolinia, including four sampled in the Northeast Atlantic (78 individuals) and one from the Eastern tropical North Pacific (15 individuals). Diacavolina were identified to species based on morphological characteristics according to the current taxonomy, photographed, and then used to determine the sequence of the "DNA barcoding" region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). Specimens from the Atlantic, despite distinct differences in shell morphology, showed polyphyly and a genetic divergence of <3% (K2P distance) whereas the Pacific and Atlantic samples were more distant (≈ 19%). Comparisons of Diacavolinia spp. with other Cavolinia spp. reveal larger distances (≈ 24%). These results indicate that specimens from the Atlantic comprise a single monophyletic species and suggest possible species-level divergence between Atlantic and Pacific populations. The findings support the maintenance of Diacavolinia as a separate genus, yet emphasize the inadequacy of our current taxonomic understanding of pteropods. They highlight the need for accurate species identifications to support estimates of biodiversity, range extent and natural exposure of these planktonic calcifiers to environmental variability; furthermore, the apparent variation of the pteropods shell may have implications for our understanding of the species' sensitivity to ocean acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Maas
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA.
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12
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Zou S, Li Q, Kong L. Monophyly, distance and character-based multigene barcoding reveal extraordinary cryptic diversity in Nassarius: a complex and dangerous community. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47276. [PMID: 23071774 PMCID: PMC3469534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Correct identification and cryptic biodiversity revelation for marine organisms are pressing since the marine life is important in maintaining the balance of ecological system and is facing the problem of biodiversity crisis or food safety. DNA barcoding has been proved successful to provide resolution beyond the boundaries of morphological information. Nassarius, the common mudsnail, plays an important role in marine environment and has problem in food safety, but the classification of it is quite confused because of the complex morphological diversity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we report a comprehensive barcoding analysis of 22 Nassarius species. We integrated the mitochondrial and nuclear sequences and the morphological characters to determine 13 Nassarius species studied and reveal four cryptic species and one pair synonyms. Distance, monophyly, and character-based barcoding methods were employed. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Such successful identification and unexpected cryptic discovery is significant for Nassarius in food safety and species conversation and remind us to pay more attention to the hidden cryptic biodiversity ignored in marine life. Distance, monophyly, and character-based barcoding methods are all very helpful in identification but the character-based method shows some advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingfeng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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13
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Kawahara AY, Rubinoff D. Three new species of Fancy Case caterpillars from threatened forests of Hawaii (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae, Hyposmocoma). Zookeys 2012; 170:1-20. [PMID: 22408378 PMCID: PMC3288677 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.170.1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The endemic Hawaiian moth genus Hyposmocoma includes 348 described species and perhaps twice as many that remain undescribed. The genus is unusual within Lepidoptera in that its larvae create distinctive silk cases in which they perambulate while protected and camouflaged. An extraordinary diversity of case types exists, and to date more than ten different types have been identified, each corresponding roughly to a separate evolutionary lineage. In this study, we describe three new species of Hyposmocoma: Hyposmocoma ipohapuusp. n. from Big Island, Hyposmocoma makawaosp. n. from Makawao Forest Reserve in Mauiand Hyposmocoma tantalasp. n. from Mt. Tantalus, Oahu, all of which produce tubular purse cases during their larval stage. We also describe the female of Hyposmocoma inversella Walsingham, which was previously undescribed, and re-describe two closely related species, Hyposmocoma auropurpurea Walsingham and Hyposmocoma nebulifera Walsingham, neither which have been formally described in recent years. We present for the first time, primer sequences for a 705 bp fragment of CAD, designed for Hyposmocoma and relatives. The molecular phylogeny based on mitochondrial and nuclear loci demonstrates that all are distinct species. The discovery of a new, endemic species from Mt. Tantalus, an area with many invasive species, suggests that even relatively degraded areas in Hawaii would be worthy of active conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Y. Kawahara
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-2710 USA
| | - Daniel Rubinoff
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-2710 USA
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14
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Taylor HR, Harris WE. An emergent science on the brink of irrelevance: a review of the past 8 years of DNA barcoding. Mol Ecol Resour 2012; 12:377-88. [PMID: 22356472 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2012.03119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
DNA barcoding has become a well-funded, global enterprise since its proposition as a technique for species identification, delimitation and discovery in 2003. However, the rapid development of next generation sequencing (NGS) has the potential to render DNA barcoding irrelevant because of the speed with which it generates large volumes of genomic data. To avoid obsolescence, the DNA barcoding movement must adapt to use this new technology. This review examines the DNA barcoding enterprise, its continued resistance to improvement and the implications of this on the future of the discipline. We present the consistent failure of DNA barcoding to recognize its limitations and evolve its methodologies, reducing the usefulness of the data produced by the movement and throwing into doubt its ability to embrace NGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Taylor
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Kelburn, PO Box 600 Wellington, New Zealand.
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15
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McGreevy TJ, Dabek L, Husband TP. Tree kangaroo molecular systematics based on partial cytochrome b sequences: are Matschie's tree kangaroo (Dendrolagus matschiei) and Goodfellow's tree kangaroo (D. goodfellowi buergersi) sister taxa? AUSTRALIAN MAMMALOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/am10017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
New Guinea tree kangaroos (Dendrolagus spp.) are unique arboreal macropodid marsupials mainly listed as critically endangered or endangered. The molecular systematics of Dendrolagus has not been fully resolved and is critical for the accurate identification of species and their evolutionary relationships. Matschie’s tree kangaroo (D. matschiei) and Goodfellow’s tree kangaroo (D. goodfellowi buergersi) share numerous morphological, physiological, and behavioural traits. We analysed the partial mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene for D. matschiei (n = 67), D. g. buergersi (n = 8), D. goodfellowi unidentified ssp. (n = 8), golden-mantled tree kangaroo (D. g. pulcherrimus; n = 1), and two additional New Guinea Dendrolagus taxa to determine whether D. matschiei and D. g. buergersi are sister taxa. D. matschiei and D. g. buergersi were not placed as sister taxa in our phylogenetic analyses; however, we were unable to analyse a known sample from a D. g. goodfellowi. We found initial genetic evidence that D. matschiei and the Lowland tree kangaroo (D. spadix) are sister taxa – they may have diverged after the formation of the Huon Peninsula of Papua New Guinea. Our results also support the elevation of D. g. pulcherrimus to a full species. An improved understanding of Dendrolagus molecular systematics will contribute substantially to their conservation.
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Waugh J, Evans MW, Millar CD, Lambert DM. Birdstrikes and barcoding: can DNA methods help make the airways safer? Mol Ecol Resour 2011; 11:38-45. [PMID: 21429099 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While flying remains one of the safest means of travel, reported birdstrikes on aircraft have risen. This is a result of increased aircraft flight movements, changes in agricultural methods and greater environmental awareness contributing to growing populations of hazardous bird species, as well as more diligent reporting of incidents. Measures to mitigate this hazard require accurate data about the species involved; however, the remains of birds from these incidents are often not easy to identify. Reported birdstrikes include a substantial number where the species cannot be determined from morphology alone. DNA barcoding offers a reliable method of identifying species from very small amounts of organic material such as blood, muscle and feathers. We compare species identification based on morphological criteria and identifications based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I DNA barcoding methods for New Zealand species. Our data suggest that DNA-based identification can substantially add to the accuracy of species identifications, and these methods represent an important addition to existing procedures to improve air safety. In addition, we outline simple and effective protocols for the recovery and processing of samples for DNA barcoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Waugh
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, NSMC, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Nicolalde-Morejón F, Vergara-Silva F, González-Astorga J, Stevenson DW, Vovides AP, Sosa V. A character-based approach in the Mexican cycads supports diverse multigene combinations for DNA barcoding. Cladistics 2011; 27:150-164. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2010.00321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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FENG YANWEI, LI QI, KONG LINGFENG, ZHENG XIAODONG. COI‐based DNA barcoding of Arcoida species (Bivalvia: Pteriomorphia) along the coast of China. Mol Ecol Resour 2011; 11:435-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- YANWEI FENG
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - QI LI
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - LINGFENG KONG
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - XIAODONG ZHENG
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Damm S, Schierwater B, Hadrys H. An integrative approach to species discovery in odonates: from character-based DNA barcoding to ecology. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:3881-93. [PMID: 20701681 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04720.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Modern taxonomy requires an analytical approach incorporating all lines of evidence into decision-making. Such an approach can enhance both species identification and species discovery. The character-based DNA barcode method provides a molecular data set that can be incorporated into classical taxonomic data such that the discovery of new species can be made in an analytical framework that includes multiple sources of data. We here illustrate such a corroborative framework in a dragonfly model system that permits the discovery of two new, but visually cryptic species. In the African dragonfly genus Trithemis three distinct genetic clusters can be detected which could not be identified by using classical taxonomic characters. In order to test the hypothesis of two new species, DNA-barcodes from different sequence markers (ND1 and COI) were combined with morphological, ecological and biogeographic data sets. Phylogenetic analyses and incorporation of all data sets into a scheme called taxonomic circle highly supports the hypothesis of two new species. Our case study suggests an analytical approach to modern taxonomy that integrates data sets from different disciplines, thereby increasing the ease and reliability of both species discovery and species assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Damm
- ITZ, Ecology & Evolution, TiHo Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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20
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Yassin A, Markow TA, Narechania A, O'Grady PM, DeSalle R. The genus Drosophila as a model for testing tree- and character-based methods of species identification using DNA barcoding. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 57:509-17. [PMID: 20800099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2009] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
DNA barcoding has recently been proposed as a promising tool for the (1) rapid assignment of unknown samples to described species by non-expert workers and (2) a potential method of new species discovery based on degree of DNA sequence divergence. Two broad methods have been used, one based on degree of DNA sequence variation, within and between species and another requiring the recovery of species as discrete clades (monophyly) on a phylogenetic tree. An alternative method relies on the identification of a set of specific diagnostic nucleotides for a given species (characters). The genus Drosophila has long served as a model system in genetics, development, ecology and evolutionary biology. As a result of this work, species boundaries within this genus are quite well delimited, with most taxa being defined by morphological characters and also conforming to a biological species concept (e.g., partial or complete reproductive isolation has used to erect and define species). In addition, some of the species in this group have also been subjected to phylogenetic analysis, yielding cases where taxa both conform and conflict with a phylogenetic species concept. Here, we analyzed 1058 COI sequences belonging to 68 species belonging to Drosophila and its allied genus Zaprionus and with more than a single representative to assess the performance of the three DNA barcoding methods. 26% of the species could not be defined using distance methods, i.e. had a barcoding gap of ≤ 0, and 23% were not monophyletic. We focused then on four groups of closely-related species whose taxonomy is well-established on non-molecular basis (e.g., morphology, geography, reproductive isolation) and to which most of the problematic species belonged. We showed that characters performed better than other approaches in the case of paraphyletic species, but all methods failed in the case of polyphyletic species. For these polyphyletic species, other sources of evidence (e.g., morphology, geography, reproductive isolation) are more relevant than COI sequences, highlighting the limitation of DNA barcoding and the needs for integrative taxonomy approaches. In conclusion, DNA barcoding of Drosophila shows no reason to alter the 250 years old tradition of character-based taxonomy, and many reasons to shy away from the alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Yassin
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, NY 10024, USA.
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Smith MA, Fisher BL. Invasions, DNA barcodes, and rapid biodiversity assessment using ants of Mauritius. Front Zool 2009; 6:31. [PMID: 20003263 PMCID: PMC2804717 DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-6-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using an understudied taxon (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) found on a tropical island (Mauritius) where native flora and fauna have been threatened by 400 years of habitat modification and introduced species, we tested whether estimated incidences of diversity and complementarity were similar when measured by standard morphological alpha-taxonomy or phylogenetic diversity (PD) based on a standardized mitochondrial barcode and corroborating nuclear marker. RESULTS We found that costs related to site loss (considered loss of evolutionary history measured as loss of barcode PD) were not significantly different from predictions made either a) using standard morphology-based taxonomy, or b) measured using a nuclear marker. Integrating morphology and barcode results permitted us to identify a case of initially morphologically-cryptic variation as a new and endemic candidate species. However, barcode estimates of the relative importance of each site or network of sites were dramatically affected when the species in question was known to be indigenous or introduced. CONCLUSION This study goes beyond a mere demonstration of the rapid gains possible for diversity assessment using a standardized DNA barcode. Contextualization of these gains with ecological and natural history information is necessary to calibrate this wealth of standardized information. Without such an integrative approach, critical opportunities to advance knowledge will be missed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alex Smith
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Brian L Fisher
- Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA
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DNA barcoding: species delimitation in tree peonies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 52:568-78. [PMID: 19557335 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-009-0069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2007] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Delimitations of species are crucial for correct and precise identification of taxa. Unfortunately "species" is more a subjective than an objective concept in taxonomic practice due to difficulties in revealing patterns of infra- or inter-specific variations. Molecular phylogenetic studies at the population level solve this problem and lay a sound foundation for DNA barcoding. In this paper we exemplify the necessity of adopting a phylogenetic concept of species in DNA barcoding for tree peonies (Paeonia sect. Moutan). We used 40 samples representing all known populations of rare and endangered species and several populations of widely distributed tree peonies. All currently recognized species and major variants have been included in this study. Four chloroplast gene fragments, i.e. ndhF, rps16-trnQ, trnL-F and trnS-G (a total of 5040 characters, 96 variable and 69 parsimony-informative characters) and one variable and single-copy nuclear GPAT gene fragment (2093-2197 bp, 279 variable and 148 parsimony-informative characters) were used to construct phylogenetic relationships among the taxa. The evolutionary lineages revealed by the nuclear gene and the chloroplast genes are inconsistent with the current circumscriptions of P. decomposita, P. jishanensis, P. qiui, and P. rockii based on morphology. The inconsistencies come from (1) significant chloroplast gene divergence but little nuclear GPAT gene divergence among population systems of P. decomposita + P. rockii, and (2) well-diverged nuclear GPAT gene but little chloroplast gene divergence between P. jishanensis and P. qiui. The incongruence of the phylogenies based on the chloroplast genes and the nuclear GPAT gene is probably due to the chloroplast capture event in evolutionary history, as no reproductive barriers exist to prevent inter-specific hybridization. We also evaluated the suitability of these genes for use as DNA barcodes for tree peonies. The variability of chloroplast genes among well-defined species or population systems of a species complex is 4.82 times the figure within the groups, and the GPAT gene is twice as variable between the groups as within the groups. The number of completely divergent sites is sufficient to mark the two subsections, the two species in subsection Delavayanae, and the well-divergent species in subsection Vaginatae. But the genes currently used either from the chloroplast genome or from the nuclear genome alone cannot correctly assign samples of P. decomposita, P. jishanensis, P. qiui, or P. rockii to the species as currently defined. We conclude that (1) DNA barcoding should be based on prior phylogenetic studies to understand the evolutionary lineages and how well the taxonomic species correspond to the lineages; (2) it is unlikely to find a single short fragment as a barcode for every plant and such a fragment could result in misidentification when a chloroplast capture event happened in the evolutionary history of plants like tree peonies; and (3) we suggest striving for a universal marker at the familial level and locally universal barcodes within a family instead of looking for a universal barcode for all plants.
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Oliveira R, Castro D, Godinho R, Luikart G, Alves PC. Species identification using a small nuclear gene fragment: application to sympatric wild carnivores from South-western Europe. CONSERV GENET 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-009-9947-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Õunap E, Viidalepp J. Description ofCrypsiphona tasmanicasp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Geometrinae), with notes on limitations in using DNA barcodes for delimiting species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-6055.2009.00695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Linares MC, Soto-Calderón ID, Lees DC, Anthony NM. High mitochondrial diversity in geographically widespread butterflies of Madagascar: A test of the DNA barcoding approach. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2009; 50:485-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Revised: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Cowie RH, Holland BS. Molecular biogeography and diversification of the endemic terrestrial fauna of the Hawaiian Islands. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2008; 363:3363-76. [PMID: 18765363 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oceanic islands have played a central role in biogeography and evolutionary biology. Here, we review molecular studies of the endemic terrestrial fauna of the Hawaiian archipelago. For some groups, monophyly and presumed single origin of the Hawaiian radiations have been confirmed (achatinelline tree snails, drepanidine honeycreepers, drosophilid flies, Havaika spiders, Hylaeus bees, Laupala crickets). Other radiations are derived from multiple colonizations (Tetragnatha and Theridion spiders, succineid snails, possibly Dicranomyia crane flies, Porzana rails). The geographic origins of many invertebrate groups remain obscure, largely because of inadequate sampling of possible source regions. Those of vertebrates are better known, probably because few lineages have radiated, diversity is far lower and morphological taxonomy permits identification of probable source regions. Most birds, and the bat, have New World origins. Within the archipelago, most radiations follow, to some degree, a progression rule pattern, speciating as they colonize newer from older islands sequentially, although speciation often also occurs within islands. Most invertebrates are single-island endemics. However, among multi-island species studied, complex patterns of diversification are exhibited, reflecting heightened dispersal potential (succineids, Dicranomyia). Instances of Hawaiian taxa colonizing other regions are being discovered (Scaptomyza flies, succineids). Taxonomy has also been elucidated by molecular studies (Achatinella snails, drosophilids). While molecular studies on Hawaiian fauna have burgeoned since the mid-1990s, much remains unknown. Yet the Hawaiian fauna is in peril: more than 70 per cent of the birds and possibly 90 per cent of the snails are extinct. Conservation is imperative if this unique fauna is to continue shedding light on profound evolutionary and biogeographic questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Cowie
- Center for Conservation Research and Training, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii, 3050 Maile Way, Gilmore 408, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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27
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Four years of DNA barcoding: Current advances and prospects. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2008; 8:727-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Revised: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
The success of character-based DNA barcoding depends on the efficient identification of diagnostic character states from molecular sequences that have been organized hierarchically (e.g. according to phylogenetic methods). Similarly, the reliability of these identified diagnostic character states must be assessed according to their ability to diagnose new sequences. Here, a set of software tools is presented that implement the previously described Characteristic Attribute Organization System for both diagnostic identification and diagnostic-based classification. The software is publicly available from http://sarkarlab.mbl.edu/CAOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Neil Sarkar
- MBLWHOI Library, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA, Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, 79th Street at CPW, New York, NY 10024, USA
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Rach J, DeSalle R, Sarkar I, Schierwater B, Hadrys H. Character-based DNA barcoding allows discrimination of genera, species and populations in Odonata. Proc Biol Sci 2008; 275:237-47. [PMID: 17999953 PMCID: PMC2212734 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2007.1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Revised: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA barcoding has become a promising means for identifying organisms of all life stages. Currently, phenetic approaches and tree-building methods have been used to define species boundaries and discover 'cryptic species'. However, a universal threshold of genetic distance values to distinguish taxonomic groups cannot be determined. As an alternative, DNA barcoding approaches can be 'character based', whereby species are identified through the presence or absence of discrete nucleotide substitutions (character states) within a DNA sequence. We demonstrate the potential of character-based DNA barcodes by analysing 833 odonate specimens from 103 localities belonging to 64 species. A total of 54 species and 22 genera could be discriminated reliably through unique combinations of character states within only one mitochondrial gene region (NADH dehydrogenase 1). Character-based DNA barcodes were further successfully established at a population level discriminating seven population-specific entities out of a total of 19 populations belonging to three species. Thus, for the first time, DNA barcodes have been found to identify entities below the species level that may constitute separate conservation units or even species units. Our findings suggest that character-based DNA barcoding can be a rapid and reliable means for (i) the assignment of unknown specimens to a taxonomic group, (ii) the exploration of diagnosability of conservation units, and (iii) complementing taxonomic identification systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rach
- ITZ, Ecology and EvolutionTiHo Hannover, Bünteweg 17d, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - R DeSalle
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural HistoryNew York, NY 10024, USA
| | - I.N Sarkar
- MBLWHOI Library, Marine Biological LaboratoryWoods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - B Schierwater
- ITZ, Ecology and EvolutionTiHo Hannover, Bünteweg 17d, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural HistoryNew York, NY 10024, USA
| | - H Hadrys
- ITZ, Ecology and EvolutionTiHo Hannover, Bünteweg 17d, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale UniversityNew Haven, CT 06520-8104, USA
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Toffoli D, Hrbek T, Araújo MLGD, Almeida MPD, Charvet-Almeida P, Farias IP. A test of the utility of DNA barcoding in the radiation of the freshwater stingray genus Potamotrygon (Potamotrygonidae, Myliobatiformes). Genet Mol Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572008000200028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomas Hrbek
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brazil; University of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico
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HULCR JIRI, MILLER SCOTTE, SETLIFF GREGORYP, DARROW KAROLYN, MUELLER NATHANIELD, HEBERT PAULDN, WEIBLEN GEORGED. DNA barcoding confirms polyphagy in a generalist moth,Homona mermerodes(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01786.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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