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Wright M, Oleson L, Witty R, Fritz KA, Kirschman LJ. Infection Causes Trade-Offs between Development and Growth in Larval Amphibians. Physiol Biochem Zool 2023; 96:430-437. [PMID: 38237190 DOI: 10.1086/727729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
AbstractTrade-offs between life history traits are context dependent; they vary depending on environment and life stage. Negative associations between development and growth often characterize larval life stages. Both growth and development consume large parts of the energy budget of young animals. The metabolic rate of animals should reflect differences in growth and developmental rates. Growth and development can also have negative associations with immune function because of their costs. We investigated how intraspecific variation in growth and development affected the metabolism of larval amphibians and whether intraspecific variation in growth, development, and metabolic rate could predict mortality and viral load in larvae infected with ranavirus. We also compared the relationship between growth and development before and after infection with ranavirus. We hypothesized that growth and development would affect metabolism and predicted that each would have a positive correlation with metabolic rate. We further hypothesized that allocation toward growth and development would increase ranavirus susceptibility and therefore predicted that larvae with faster growth, faster development, and higher metabolic rates would be more likely to die from ranavirus and have higher viral loads. Finally, we predicted that growth rate and developmental rate would have a negative association. Intraspecific variation in growth rate and developmental rate did not affect metabolism. Growth rate, developmental rate, and metabolism did not predict mortality from ranavirus or viral load. Larvae infected with ranavirus exhibited a trade-off between developmental rate and growth rate that was absent in uninfected larvae. Our results indicate a cost of ranavirus infection that is potentially due to both the infection-induced anorexia and the cost of infection altering priority rules for resource allocation.
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Coutinho CD, Ford CE, Trafford JD, Duarte A, Rebelo R, Rosa GM. Non-Lethal Detection of Ranavirus in Fish. Viruses 2023; 15:471. [PMID: 36851684 PMCID: PMC9964643 DOI: 10.3390/v15020471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergent infectious diseases have an increasing impact on both farmed animals and wildlife. The ability to screen for pathogens is critical for understanding host-pathogen dynamics and informing better management. Ranavirus is a pathogen of concern, associated with disease outbreaks worldwide, affecting a broad range of fish, amphibian, and reptile hosts, but research has been limited. The traditional screening of internal tissues, such as the liver, has been regarded as the most effective for detecting and quantifying Ranavirus. However, such methodology imposes several limitations from ethical and conservation standpoints. Non-lethal sampling methods of viral detection were explored by comparing the efficacy of both buccal swabbing and fin clipping. The study was conducted on two Iberian, threatened freshwater fish (Iberochondrostoma lusitanicum and Cobitis paludica), and all samples were screened using qPCR. While for C. paludica both methods were reliable in detecting Ranavirus, on I. lusitanicum, there was a significantly higher detection rate in buccal swabs than in fin tissue. This study, therefore, reports that fin clipping may yield false Ranavirus negatives when in small-bodied freshwater fish. Overall, buccal swabbing is found to be good as an alternative to more invasive procedures, which is of extreme relevance, particularly when dealing with a threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina D. Coutinho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Charlotte E. Ford
- Zoological Society of London, Institute of Zoology, Nuffield Building, Outer Circle, London NW8 7LS, UK
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Joseph D. Trafford
- Zoological Society of London, Institute of Zoology, Nuffield Building, Outer Circle, London NW8 7LS, UK
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ana Duarte
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rui Rebelo
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo M. Rosa
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Zoological Society of London, Institute of Zoology, Nuffield Building, Outer Circle, London NW8 7LS, UK
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Smalling KL, Mosher BA, Iwanowicz LR, Loftin KA, Boehlke A, Hladik ML, Muletz-Wolz CR, Córtes-Rodríguez N, Femmer R, Campbell Grant EH. Site- and Individual-Level Contaminations Affect Infection Prevalence of an Emerging Infectious Disease of Amphibians. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:781-791. [PMID: 35040181 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Emerging infectious disease outbreaks are one of multiple stressors responsible for amphibian declines globally. In the northeastern United States, ranaviral diseases are prevalent in amphibians and other ectothermic species, but there is still uncertainty as to whether their presence is leading to population-level effects. Further, there is also uncertainty surrounding the potential interactions among disease infection prevalence in free-ranging animals and habitat degradation (co-occurrence of chemical stressors). The present study was designed to provide field-based estimates of the relationship between amphibian disease and chemical stressors. We visited 40 wetlands across three protected areas, estimated the prevalence of ranavirus among populations of larval wood frogs and spotted salamanders, and assessed chemical and biological stressors in wetland habitats and larval amphibians using a suite of selected bioassays, screening tools, and chemical analyses. Ranavirus was detected on larval amphibians from each protected area with an estimated occupancy ranging from 0.27 to 0.55. Considerable variation in ranavirus occupancy was also observed within and among each protected area. Of the stressors evaluated, ranavirus prevalence was strongly and positively related to concentrations of metalloestrogens (metals with the potential to bind to estrogen receptors) and total metals in wetland sediments and weakly and negatively related to total pesticide concentrations in larval amphibians. These results can be used by land managers to refine habitat assessments to include such environmental factors with the potential to influence disease susceptibility. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:781-791. © 2022 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Smalling
- New Jersey Water Science Center, US Geological Survey, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Brittany A Mosher
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Luke R Iwanowicz
- Eastern Ecological Science Center at Leetown, US Geological Survey, Kearneysville, West Virginia, USA
| | - Keith A Loftin
- Kansas Water Science Center, US Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Adam Boehlke
- Geology, Geochemistry and Geophysics Science Center, US Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Michelle L Hladik
- California Water Science Center, US Geological Survey, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Carly R Muletz-Wolz
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nandadevi Córtes-Rodríguez
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ithaca College, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Robin Femmer
- Kansas Water Science Center, US Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Evan H Campbell Grant
- Eastern Ecological Science Center, S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, US Geological Survey, Turner Falls, Massachusetts, USA
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Morphological correlates of invasion in Florida cane toad (Rhinella marina) populations: Shortening of legs and reduction in leg asymmetry as populations become established. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2020.103652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Campbell LJ, Hammond SA, Price SJ, Sharma MD, Garner TWJ, Birol I, Helbing CC, Wilfert L, Griffiths AGF. A novel approach to wildlife transcriptomics provides evidence of disease-mediated differential expression and changes to the microbiome of amphibian populations. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:1413-1427. [PMID: 29420865 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ranaviruses are responsible for a lethal, emerging infectious disease in amphibians and threaten their populations throughout the world. Despite this, little is known about how amphibian populations respond to ranaviral infection. In the United Kingdom, ranaviruses impact the common frog (Rana temporaria). Extensive public engagement in the study of ranaviruses in the UK has led to the formation of a unique system of field sites containing frog populations of known ranaviral disease history. Within this unique natural field system, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to compare the gene expression profiles of R. temporaria populations with a history of ranaviral disease and those without. We have applied a RNA read-filtering protocol that incorporates Bloom filters, previously used in clinical settings, to limit the potential for contamination that comes with the use of RNA-Seq in nonlaboratory systems. We have identified a suite of 407 transcripts that are differentially expressed between populations of different ranaviral disease history. This suite contains genes with functions related to immunity, development, protein transport and olfactory reception among others. A large proportion of potential noncoding RNA transcripts present in our differentially expressed set provide first evidence of a possible role for long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in amphibian response to viruses. Our read-filtering approach also removed significantly more bacterial reads from libraries generated from positive disease history populations. Subsequent analysis revealed these bacterial read sets to represent distinct communities of bacterial species, which is suggestive of an interaction between ranavirus and the host microbiome in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis J Campbell
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK.,Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Stewart A Hammond
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen J Price
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK.,UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Manmohan D Sharma
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | | | - Inanc Birol
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Caren C Helbing
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Lena Wilfert
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
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Effects of a mining‐altered environment on individual fitness of amphibians and reptiles. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Sutton WB, Gray MJ, Hoverman JT, Secrist RG, Super PE, Hardman RH, Tucker JL, Miller DL. Trends in Ranavirus Prevalence Among Plethodontid Salamanders in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. ECOHEALTH 2015; 12:320-329. [PMID: 25537630 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-014-0994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Emerging pathogens are a potential contributor to global amphibian declines. Ranaviruses, which infect ectothermic vertebrates and are common in aquatic environments, have been implicated in die-offs of at least 72 amphibian species worldwide. Most studies on the subject have focused on pool-breeding amphibians, and infection trends in other amphibian species assemblages have been understudied. Our primary study objective was to evaluate hypotheses explaining ranavirus prevalence within a lungless salamander assemblage (Family Plethodontidae) in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. We sampled 566 total plethodontid salamanders representing 14 species at five sites over a 6-year period (2007-2012). We identified ranavirus-positive individuals in 11 of the 14 (78.6%) sampled species, with salamanders in the genus Desmognathus having greatest infection prevalence. Overall, we found the greatest support for site elevation and sampling year determining infection prevalence. We detected the greatest number of infections in 2007 with 82.5% of sampled individuals testing positive for ranavirus, which we attribute to record drought during this year. Infection prevalence remained relatively high in low-elevation sites in 2008 and 2009. Neither body condition nor aquatic dependence was a significant predictor of ranavirus prevalence. Overall, our results indicate that life history differences among species play a minor role determining ranavirus prevalence compared to the larger effects of site elevation and yearly fluctuations (likely due to environmental stressors) during sampling years.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Sutton
- Center for Wildlife Health, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, 37209, USA.
| | - Matthew J Gray
- Center for Wildlife Health, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jason T Hoverman
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Richard G Secrist
- Great Smoky Mountains Institute at Tremont, Townsend, TN, 37882, USA
| | - Paul E Super
- Appalachian Highlands Science Learning Center, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Lake Junaluska, NC, 28745, USA
| | - Rebecca H Hardman
- Center for Wildlife Health, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jennifer L Tucker
- Center for Wildlife Health, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Debra L Miller
- Center for Wildlife Health, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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Ploskaya-Chaibi M, Voitovich AM, Novitsky RV, Bouhadad R. B-chromosome and V-shaped spot asymmetry in the common frog (Rana temporaria L.) populations. C R Biol 2015; 338:161-8. [PMID: 25601641 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The common frog Rana temporaria is characterised by a large variety of colorations and dorsal patterns manifested by a V-shaped spot, which differs in the form, the number of elements and in the regularity. Some populations of R. temporaria are polymorphic for B-chromosome. V-shaped spot asymmetry and B-chromosome occurrence was studied in seven R. temporaria populations inventoried from Belarus country. The analysis of the dorsal V-shaped spot pattern asymmetry in brown frog populations implies that the persistence of additional chromosomes in populations may be one of the factors disturbing the developmental stability of some individuals. Although, Bs may confer some selective advantage to their carriers, which makes them react differently to environmental changes from do non-carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ploskaya-Chaibi
- Laboratory of biodiversity and environment: interaction, genome, Algiers University (USTHB), BP 32 El Alia, 16111 Bab Ezzouar Algiers, Algeria; Faculty of biological and agronomical sciences, Tizi-Ouzou University (UMMTO), Tizi-Ouzou 15000, Algeria.
| | - Alexander M Voitovich
- State Enterprise "Republican scientific practical centre of hygiene", ul. Akademicheskaya 27, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Ruslan V Novitsky
- Wild-life conservation department, Centre for bioresources, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (NASB), ul. Akademicheskaja 27, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Rachid Bouhadad
- Laboratory of biodiversity and environment: interaction, genome, Algiers University (USTHB), BP 32 El Alia, 16111 Bab Ezzouar Algiers, Algeria
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Dunn JC, Goodman SJ, Benton TG, Hamer KC. Avian blood parasite infection during the non-breeding season: an overlooked issue in declining populations? BMC Ecol 2013; 13:30. [PMID: 24011390 PMCID: PMC3848531 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6785-13-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathogens and parasites can have major impacts on host population dynamics, both through direct mortality and via indirect effects. Both types of effect may be stronger in species whose populations are already under pressure. We investigated the potential for blood parasites to impact upon their hosts at the immunological, physiological and population level during the non-breeding season using a declining population of yellowhammers Emberiza citrinella as a model. Results Yellowhammers infected by Haemoproteus spp. showed both a reduced heterophil to lymphocyte (H:L) ratio, and an elevated standardised white blood cell (WBC) count compared to uninfected birds, indicating an immunological response to infection. Infected birds had shorter wings during the first winter of sampling but not during the second, colder, winter; survival analysis of 321 birds sampled across four winters indicated that increased wing length conferred a survival advantage. Conclusions We suggest that the potential impacts of blood parasite infections on over-wintering birds may have been underestimated. Further research should consider the potential impacts of sub-clinical parasite infections on the dynamics of vulnerable populations, and we suggest using declining populations as model systems within which to investigate these relationships as well as examining interactions between sub-clinical disease and other environmental stressors. JEL Code Q5
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny C Dunn
- School of Biology, Irene Manton Building, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Beasley DE, Bonisoli-Alquati A, Welch SM, Møller AP, Mousseau TA. Effects of parental radiation exposure on developmental instability in grasshoppers. J Evol Biol 2012; 25:1149-62. [PMID: 22507690 PMCID: PMC3964017 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mutagenic and epigenetic effects of environmental stressors and their transgenerational consequences are of interest to evolutionary biologists because they can amplify natural genetic variation. We studied the effect of parental exposure to radioactive contamination on offspring development in lesser marsh grasshopper Chorthippus albomarginatus. We used a geometric morphometric approach to measure fluctuating asymmetry (FA), wing shape and wing size. We measured time to sexual maturity to check whether parental exposure to radiation influenced offspring developmental trajectory and tested effects of radiation on hatching success and parental fecundity. Wings were larger in early maturing individuals born to parents from high radiation sites compared to early maturing individuals from low radiation sites. As time to sexual maturity increased, wing size decreased but more sharply in individuals from high radiation sites. Radiation exposure did not significantly affect FA or shape in wings nor did it significantly affect hatching success and fecundity. Overall, parental radiation exposure can adversely affect offspring development and fitness depending on developmental trajectories although the cause of this effect remains unclear. We suggest more direct measures of fitness and the inclusion of replication in future studies to help further our understanding of the relationship between developmental instability, fitness and environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Beasley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Lowe WH, McPeek MA. Can natural selection maintain long-distance dispersal? Insight from a stream salamander system. Evol Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-011-9500-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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