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Cao J, Qing J, Zhu L, Chen Z. Role of TIM-1 in the development and treatment of tumours. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1307806. [PMID: 38831760 PMCID: PMC11144867 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1307806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin structural domain 1 (TIM-1, also known as hepatitis A virus cell receptor 1) is a co-stimulatory molecule that is expressed predominantly on the surface of T cells. TIM-1 promotes the activation and proliferation of T cells, cytokine secretion, and can also be overexpressed in various types of cancer. Upregulation of TIM-1 expression may be associated with the development and progression of cancer. After reviewing the literature, we propose that TIM-1 affects tumour development mainly through two pathways. In the Direct pathway: overexpression in tumours activates tumour-related signaling pathways, mediates the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, and directly affects tumour development directly. In the indirect pathway: In addition to changing the tumour microenvironment and influencing the growth of tumours, TIM-1 binds to ligands to encourage the activation, proliferation, and generation of cytokines by immune cells. This review examines how TIM-1 stimulates the development of tumours in direct and indirect ways, and how TIM-1 is exploited as a target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmeng Cao
- Joint Inspection Center of Precision Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Jilin Qing
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liya Zhu
- Graduate school, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhizhong Chen
- Joint Inspection Center of Precision Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Doulberis M, Papaefthymiou A, Polyzos SA, Vardaka E, Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou M, Chatzopoulos D, Koffas A, Papadopoulos V, Kyrailidi F, Kountouras J. Local and systemic autoimmune manifestations linked to hepatitis A infection. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2023; 86:429-436. [PMID: 37814559 DOI: 10.51821/86.3.11299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) represents a global burdening infectious agent causing in the majority of cases a self-limiting acute icteric syndrome, the outcome is related to the hepatic substrate and the potential pre-existing damage, whereas a plethora of extra-hepatic manifestations has also been reported. Despite the absence of post- HAV chronicity it has been associated with an additional burden on existing chronic liver diseases. Moreover, the induced immune response and the antigenic molecular mimicry are considered as triggering factors of autoimmunity with regional and distal impact. Diseases such as autoimmune hepatitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, Still's syndrome, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, antiphospholipid syndrome, systematic lupus erythematosus or cryoglobulinemic vasculitis have been described in patients with HAV infection. Although the exact mechanisms remain unclear, this review aims to accumulate and clarify the pathways related to this linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Doulberis
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Department, Kantonsspital Aarau, Switzerland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Papaefthymiou
- Pancreaticobiliary Medicine Unit, University College London Hospitals (UCLH), London, UK
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - S A Polyzos
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - E Vardaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - M Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Midwifery, University of Western Macedonia, Macedonia, Greece
| | - D Chatzopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Koffas
- Barts Liver Centre, Centre for Immunobiology, Blizzard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London, UK
| | - V Papadopoulos
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - F Kyrailidi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - J Kountouras
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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3
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Cheng AS, Li X. The Potential Biotherapeutic Targets of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8254. [PMID: 37175958 PMCID: PMC10178966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is manifested by an abrupt decline in kidney function as a consequence of intravascular exposure to contrast media. With the increased applicability of medical imaging and interventional procedures that utilize contrast media for clinical diagnosis, CI-AKI is becoming the leading cause of renal dysfunction. The pathophysiological mechanism associated with CI-AKI involves renal medullary hypoxia, the direct toxicity of contrast agents, oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, and epigenetic regulation. To date, there is no effective therapy for CI-AKI, except for the development of strategies that could reduce the toxicity profiles of contrast media. While most of these strategies have failed, evidence has shown that the proper use of personalized hydration, contrast medium, and high-dose statins may reduce the occurrence of CI-AKI. However, adequate risk predication and attempts to develop preventive strategies can be considered as the key determinants that can help eliminate CI-AKI. Additionally, a deeper understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of CI-AKI is crucial to uncover molecular targets for the prevention of CI-AKI. This review has taken a step further to solidify the current known molecular mechanisms of CI-AKI and elaborate the biomarkers that are used to detect early-stage CI-AKI. On this foundation, this review will analyze the molecular targets relating to apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and epigenetics, and, thus, provide a strong rationale for therapeutic intervention in the prevention of CI-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Shasha Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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4
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Telford EA, Sanders AJ, Owen S, Ruge F, Harrison GM, Jiang WG, Martin TA. Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1 (HAVcr-1) Initiates Prostate Cancer Progression in Human Cells via Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)-Induced Changes in Junctional Integrity. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020338. [PMID: 35204839 PMCID: PMC8869406 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: HAVcR-1 has been linked to cancer aetiology and may regulate junctional complexes, with its role in prostate cancer still unexplored. This study aims to investigate the expression of HAVcR-1 in prostate cancer samples and the exploration of the cellular/molecular impact of HAVcR-1. Methods: Levels of HAVcR-1 ectodomain in the serum of prostate cancer patients were compared to healthy controls, and assessed as the total protein and gene expression of HAVcR-1 and tissues sections. The manipulation of HAVcR-1 levels within prostate cancer cell lines determined changes in cell behaviour using in vitro cell models and barrier function assays. Protein/phosphoprotein levels were assessed using Western blotting. Results: Levels of HAVcR-1 ectodomain from serum were decreased in patients with prostate cancer. Ectodomain levels correlated with the Gleason score. Histologically, the total protein/gene expression of HAVcR-1 was overexpressed in prostate cancer. The overexpression of HAVcR-1 in prostate cancer cell lines resulted in key changes in cell behaviour and the phosphorylation of β-catenin with a concurrent decrease in membranous E-cadherin, increased nuclear β-catenin and increased cyclin D1 protein expression, which were associated with HGF-promoted changes in the barrier function. Conclusions: HAVcR-1 expression and ectodomain release coincides with the presence of prostate cancer; thus, indicating HAVcR-1 as a potential biomarker to aid in diagnostics, and implicating HAVcR-1 in the dysregulation of junctional complexes.
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Gu YZ, Handt L, Vlasakova K, Bakthavatchalu V, Smith R, Fernandez GE, Born SL, Glaab WE, Sistare FD. Kidney Injury Monitoring in Tobramycin-Treated Rhesus Monkeys: Supplementing Urinary Kidney Biomarkers With Kidney Biopsy Gene Expression Profiling. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 50:35-46. [PMID: 34657537 DOI: 10.1177/01926233211049171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Kidney biopsies are used sparingly to diagnose kidney injury in the clinic. Here we have conducted a small exploratory study to directly compare the low-grade kidney injury monitoring performance of serum safety biomarkers, novel urine safety biomarkers, microscopic histopathology and targeted gene expression alterations in kidney biopsy specimens in rhesus monkeys treated with tobramycin. Targeted gene expression increases were observed in the kidney biopsy samples and whole kidney sections for kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), clusterin (CLU), osteopontin (OPN) messenger RNA transcripts. In addition, increases of the urinary kidney safety protein biomarkers including KIM-1, CLU, OPN were also observed. These increases in gene expression and urinary protein end point were in concordance with the eventual low-grade kidney lesions seen in terminal tissue sections. In contrast, conventional serum biomarkers blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were not as sensitive in monitoring kidney injury. Although these data do not support routinely adding kidney biopsies to regular toxicology studies, they provide evidence on the value and limitations of incorporating gene expression profiling on kidney biopsy specimens, further underscore the value of urinary kidney safety biomarkers for improved low-grade kidney injury monitoring, and open the door for future definitive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhong Gu
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, 2793Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Larry Handt
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, 2793Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Katerina Vlasakova
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, 2793Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA, USA
| | | | - Roger Smith
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, 2793Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Guillermo E Fernandez
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, 2793Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie L Born
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, 2793Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Warren E Glaab
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, 2793Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Frank D Sistare
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, 2793Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA, USA
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6
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Zhou P, Fei M, Han Y, Zhou M, Wang H. Knockdown of T Cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin 1 (Tim-1) Suppresses Glioma Progression Through Inhibition of the Cytokine-PI3K/AKT Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:7433-7445. [PMID: 32801766 PMCID: PMC7414978 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s255117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is formed by abnormal proliferation of glial cells in the brain. T cell immunoglobulin and mucin 1 (Tim-1) is linked to cancer development. This study aimed to assess Tim-1 functions in biological behaviors. Methods The glioma tissues and paracancerous tissues were collected. The pathological morphology of glioma and positive expression of Tim-1 were evaluated. The sh-Tim-1 lentivirus vector was infected into U251 and U87 cells to evaluate glioma cell malignant behaviors. The differentially expressed terms in glioma cells were analyzed by Agilent microarray analysis, and enrichment analyses were performed. Levels of cytokines (TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10) and the PI3K/AKT pathway were measured. U87 cells with sh-Tim-1 were transplanted into nude mice, and the volume and weight of tumors were measured. Results Tim-1 levels in glioma tissues and cells were higher than those in glial tissues and cells. Tim-1 knockdown prevented glioma cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and reduced TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10 levels of glioma. Co-treatment of PI3K/AKT pathway activator and knockdown Tim-1 partially reversed these outcomes. After Tim-1 knockdown, tumor volume and weight and Ki67-positive rate of nude mice were diminished. Conclusion Tim-1 knockdown inhibited biological behaviors of glioma cells through the PI3K/AKT pathway, which may provide a novel therapy for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoxing Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengliang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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7
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HAVCR1 Affects the MEK/ERK Pathway in Gastric Adenocarcinomas and Influences Tumor Progression and Patient Outcome. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2019; 2019:6746970. [PMID: 31885544 PMCID: PMC6914876 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6746970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1) gene as a sensitive and specific biomarker has been reported in various diseases. Especially, HAVCR1 overexpression promotes the development and progression of several human cancers. Hence, we aimed to detect the effects of HAVCR1 on gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). We first determined the expression of HAVCR1 in GAC tissues compared with normal gastric tissues based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database using bioinformatics analysis methods. Then, we assessed the biological function of HAVCR1 in GAC cells using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot, cell counting kit-8- (CCK-) 8, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay. Our results showed that HAVCR1 expression was upregulated in GAC tissues and positively associated with poor survival. Loss-of-function analyses indicated that knockdown of HAVCR1 inhibited the proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of GAC cells. Furthermore, reduction of HAVCR1 in GAC cells can decrease the expression of phosphorylated MEK/ERK. These findings suggested that HAVCR1 may represent a potential biomarker for GAC prognosis, as well as a novel therapeutic target for GAC treatment.
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8
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Lorente D, Trilla E, Meseguer A, Arevalo J, Nemours S, Planas J, Placer J, Celma A, Salvador C, Regis L, Schwartzmann I, Morote J. The role of STAT3 protein as a prognostic factor in the clear cell renal carcinoma. Systematic review. Actas Urol Esp 2019; 43:118-123. [PMID: 30466966 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE There have been significant advances in the knowledge of renal carcinogenesis n the last years. Nowadays, renal tumors are classified according to their genetic profile and specific treatments based on the identification of therapeutic targets have also been developed. However, no prognostic markers have yet been identified. The aim of this review is to analyse literature that has evaluated the expression of the STAT3 protein as a molecular marker in clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION In January 2018 a systematic review was conducted in Pubmed, Cochrane library and Sciencedirect databases, from papers published from 1990. Search terms were"renal cell carcinoma"and"STAT3"or"STAT-3"and"prognostic factor. Following the principles of the PRISMA declaration and the PICO selection strategy, original articles with series of patients diagnosed with localized or metastatic ccRCC, and where the activity of STAT3 is analysed as a prognostic marker, were selected. A total of 132 publications were identified, of which 10 were finally revised, for they met the inclusion criteria. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS STAT3 activation (phosphorylation) through Ser727 is important during ccRCC development and progression. PSTAT3 expression seems to be a prognostic marker and an antiangiogenic-resistance marker in metastatic patients. There is little evidence as prognostic marker in patients with localized disease. CONCLUSIONS STAT3 (Ser 727) expression in the nucleus of the ccRCC cells can be a prognostic marker and an antiangiogenic-resistance marker. Current scientific evidence is limited and more studies are needed to demonstrate its usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lorente
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital de la Vall d'Hebrón, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - E Trilla
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital de la Vall d'Hebrón, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
| | - A Meseguer
- Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, España
| | - J Arevalo
- Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, España
| | - S Nemours
- Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, España
| | - J Planas
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital de la Vall d'Hebrón, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - J Placer
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital de la Vall d'Hebrón, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - A Celma
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital de la Vall d'Hebrón, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - C Salvador
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital de la Vall d'Hebrón, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - L Regis
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital de la Vall d'Hebrón, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - I Schwartzmann
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital de la Vall d'Hebrón, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - J Morote
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital de la Vall d'Hebrón, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
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Haque ME, Khan F, Chi L, Gurung S, Vadevoo SMP, Park RW, Kim DK, Kim SK, Lee B. A Phage Display-Identified Peptide Selectively Binds to Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) and Detects KIM-1-Overexpressing Tumors in vivo. Cancer Res Treat 2018; 51:861-875. [PMID: 30282451 PMCID: PMC6639206 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2018.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was carried out to identify a peptide that selectively binds to kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) by screening a phage-displayed peptide library and to use the peptide for the detection of KIM-1overexpressing tumors in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Biopanning of a phage-displayed peptide library was performed on KIM-1-coated plates. The binding of phage clones, peptides, and a peptide multimer to the KIM-1 protein and KIM-1-overexpressing and KIM-1-low expressing cells was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, fluorometry, and flow cytometry. A biotin-peptide multimer was generated using NeutrAvidin. In vivo homing of the peptide to KIM-1-overexpressing and KIM1-low expressing tumors in mice was examined by whole-body fluorescence imaging. RESULTS A phage clone displaying the CNWMINKEC peptide showed higher binding affinity to KIM-1 and KIM-1-overexpressing 769-P renal tumor cells compared to other phage clones selected after biopanning. The CNWMINKEC peptide and a NeutrAvidin/biotin-CNWMINKEC multimer selectively bound to KIM-1 over albumin and to KIM-1-overexpressing 769-P cells and A549 lung tumor cells compared to KIM-1-low expressing HEK293 normal cells. Co-localization and competition assays using an anti-KIM-1 antibody demonstrated that the binding of the CNWMINKEC peptide to 769-P cells was specifically mediated by KIM-1. The CNWMINKEC peptide was not cytotoxic to cells and was stable for up to 24 hours in the presence of serum. Whole-body fluorescence imaging demonstrated selective homing of the CNWM-INKEC peptide to KIM-1-overexpressing A498 renal tumor compared to KIM1-low expressing HepG2 liver tumor in mice. CONCLUSION The CNWMINKEC peptide is a promising probe for in vivo imaging and detection of KIM-1‒overexpressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Enamul Haque
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Fatima Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Lianhua Chi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Smriti Gurung
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | | | - Rang-Woon Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Kim
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang Kyoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byungheon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Mijuskovic M, Stanojevic I, Milovic N, Cerovic S, Petrovic D, Maksic D, Kovacevic B, Andjelic T, Aleksic P, Terzic B, Djukic M, Vojvodic D. Tissue and urinary KIM-1 relate to tumor characteristics in patients with clear renal cell carcinoma. Int Urol Nephrol 2017; 50:63-70. [PMID: 29052086 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-017-1724-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this prospective follow-up trial was to ascertain whether the urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (uKIM-1) associates with tumor tissue (tKIM-1) expression and with the pathological characteristics of clear renal cell carcinoma (cRCC) in radically nephrectomized (RN) and/or in partially nephrectomized (PN) patients with cRCC, pre- and postoperatively. This clinical study included 40 patients subjected to RN/PN (cRCC group) and 30 healthy volunteers (control group). Urinary KIM-1 was determined by ELISA TIM-1/KIM-1 kit and normalized by urinary creatinine. Immunohistochemical staining (monoclonal anti-human anti-TIM-1/KIM-1/HAVCR antibody) was used for semiquantitative analysis of the tKIM-1 expression and expressed as a score (% KIM-1 positively stained tubules). Both markers were interpreted in terms of the tumor characteristics comprising tumor size, Fuhrman grade, pathological (pT) stage, tumor/nodes/metastasis (TNM) stage, lymphovascular invasion and type of surgery RN/PN. Preoperative uKIM-1 was significantly higher in the cRCC group compared to controls, such as uKIM-1 was statistically higher in RN than in PN patients. Postoperatively, uKIM-1 decreased to control values. Expression of tKIM-1 was documented in all nephrectomized patients. Significant associations were achieved between uKIM-1 and tKIM-1 and with considered tumor characteristics, especially with tumor size and grade. Based on the accomplished associations, we found uKIM-1 as a highly sensitive marker for cRCC diagnosis. The clinical trial registration number: 1110-2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Mijuskovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Nephrology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ivan Stanojevic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Novak Milovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Urology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snezana Cerovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Petrovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinic of Urology, Nephrology and Dialysis, Clinic Centre of Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Djoko Maksic
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Nephrology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bozidar Kovacevic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Andjelic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Predrag Aleksic
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Urology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Brankica Terzic
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Nephrology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Djukic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danilo Vojvodic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
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Thomas LJ, Vitale L, O'Neill T, Dolnick RY, Wallace PK, Minderman H, Gergel LE, Forsberg EM, Boyer JM, Storey JR, Pilsmaker CD, Hammond RA, Widger J, Sundarapandiyan K, Crocker A, Marsh HC, Keler T. Development of a Novel Antibody-Drug Conjugate for the Potential Treatment of Ovarian, Lung, and Renal Cell Carcinoma Expressing TIM-1. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2946-2954. [PMID: 27671527 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1) is a type I transmembrane protein that was originally described as kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) due to its elevated expression in kidney and urine after renal injury. TIM-1 expression is also upregulated in several human cancers, most notably in renal and ovarian carcinomas, but has very restricted expression in healthy tissues, thus representing a promising target for antibody-mediated therapy. To this end, we have developed a fully human monoclonal IgG1 antibody specific for the extracellular domain of TIM-1. This antibody was shown to bind purified recombinant chimeric TIM-1-Fc protein and TIM-1 expressed on a variety of transformed cell lines, including Caki-1 (human renal clear cell carcinoma), IGROV-1 (human ovarian adenocarcinoma), and A549 (human lung carcinoma). Internalization studies using confocal microscopy revealed the antibody was rapidly internalized by cells in vitro, and internalization was confirmed by quantitative imaging flow cytometry. An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) was produced with the anti-TIM-1 antibody covalently linked to the potent cytotoxin, monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), and designated CDX-014. The ADC was shown to exhibit in vitro cytostatic or cytotoxic activity against a variety of TIM-1-expressing cell lines, but not on TIM-1-negative cell lines. Using the Caki-1, IGROV-1, and A549 xenograft mouse models, CDX-014 showed significant antitumor activity in a clinically relevant dose range. Safety evaluation in nonhuman primates has demonstrated a good profile and led to the initiation of clinical studies of CDX-014 in renal cell carcinoma and potentially other TIM-1-expressing tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(12); 2946-54. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ree Y Dolnick
- Flow and Image Cytometry Facility, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Paul K Wallace
- Flow and Image Cytometry Facility, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Hans Minderman
- Flow and Image Cytometry Facility, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tibor Keler
- Celldex Therapeutics, Inc., Hampton, New Jersey
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12
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Cuadros T, Trilla E, Sarró E, Vilà MR, Vilardell J, de Torres I, Salcedo M, López-Hellin J, Sánchez A, Ramón y Cajal S, Itarte E, Morote J, Meseguer A. HAVCR/KIM-1 activates the IL-6/STAT-3 pathway in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and determines tumor progression and patient outcome. Cancer Res 2014; 74:1416-28. [PMID: 24390735 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the third most prevalent urological cancer, claims more than 100,000 lives/year worldwide. The clear cell variant (ccRCC) is the most common and aggressive subtype of this disease. While commonly asymptomatic, more than 30% of ccRCC are diagnosed when already metastatic, resulting in a 95% mortality rate. Notably, nearly one-third of organ-confined cancers treated by nephrectomy develop metastasis during follow-up care. At present, diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to screen, diagnose, and monitor renal cancers are clearly needed. The gene encoding the cell surface molecule HAVCR1/KIM-1 is a suggested susceptibility gene for ccRCC and ectodomain shedding of this molecule may be a predictive biomarker of tumor progression. Microarray analysis of 769-P ccRCC-derived cells where HAVCR/KIM-1 levels have been upregulated or silenced revealed relevant HAVCR/KIM-1-related targets, some of which were further analyzed in a cohort of 98 ccRCC patients with 100 month follow-up. We found that HAVCR/KIM-1 activates the IL-6/STAT-3/HIF-1A axis in ccRCC-derived cell lines, which depends on HAVCR/KIM-1 shedding. Moreover, we found that pSTAT-3 S727 levels represented an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC patients. Our results suggest that HAVCR/KIM-1 upregulation in tumors might represent a novel mechanism to activate tumor growth and angiogenesis and that pSTAT-3 S727 is an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaïs Cuadros
- Authors' Affiliations: Fisiopatología Renal, CIBBIM; Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit (UEB), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research; Servicio de Urología, Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica, Facultat de Biociències; Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; and Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo, Spain
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13
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Morrissey JJ, Kharasch ED. The specificity of urinary aquaporin 1 and perilipin 2 to screen for renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 2013; 189:1913-20. [PMID: 23154208 PMCID: PMC3720141 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Renal cancer is frequently asymptomatic until late stages of the disease and it has a poor prognosis when not discovered early. AQP1 and PLIN2 are recently discovered, sensitive urine biomarkers of clear cell and papillary kidney cancer. We validated these biomarkers in a second cohort of patients and determined the effect of common kidney diseases on specificity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Urine samples were obtained from 36 patients with clear cell or papillary kidney cancer, 43 controls, 44 patients with documented urinary tract infection, 24 diagnosed with diabetic nephropathy and 18 diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. Urine levels of AQP1 and PLIN2 normalized to urine creatinine were determined by a sensitive, specific Western blot procedure. RESULTS Compared with controls, urine AQP1 and PLIN2 levels in patients with kidney cancer were 23-fold and fourfold greater, respectively, and they decreased 83% to 84% after tumor excision. There was a linear correlation between urine AQP1 and PLIN2 levels, and tumor size (each p <0.001). Urine AQP1 and PLIN2 levels in patients with kidney cancer were 11 to 23-fold and 17 to 25-fold greater, respectively, than in patients with the common kidney diseases. CONCLUSIONS The ability of urine AQP1 and PLIN2 to identify patients with kidney cancer compared to controls was validated in a second cohort of patients. Common kidney diseases do not adversely increase urine AQP1 and PLIN2 levels or decrease their specificity to screen for renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah J Morrissey
- Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis (EDK), St. Louis, Missouri 63110-1093, USA.
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14
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Cuadros T, Trilla E, Vilà MR, de Torres I, Vilardell J, Messaoud NB, Salcedo M, Sarró E, López-Hellin J, Blanco A, Mir C, Ramón y Cajal S, Itarte E, Morote J, Meseguer A. Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1/kidney injury molecule-1 is a susceptibility gene for clear cell renal cell carcinoma and hepatitis A virus cellular receptor/kidney injury molecule-1 ectodomain shedding a predictive biomarker of tumour progression. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:2034-47. [PMID: 23352434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To correlate hepatitis A virus cellular receptor (HAVCR)/kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tumours with patient outcome and study the consequences of HAVCR/KIM-1 ectodomain shedding. METHODS HAVCR/KIM-1 expression in ccRCC, oncocytomes, papillary carcinomas and unaffected tissue counterparts was evaluated. Minimal change disease and pre-clamping normal and ccRCC tissue biopsies were included. Tissue microarrays from 98 ccRCC tumours were analysed. Tumour registry data and patient outcome were retrospectivelly collected. Deletions in HAVCR/KIM-1 ectodomain and lentiviral infection of 786-O cells with HAVCR/KIM-1 mutated constructs to determine their subcellular distribution and invasive capacity were performed. RESULTS HAVCR/KIM-1 was expressed in ccRCC, papillary tumours and in tubule cells of adjacent and distal unaffected counterparts of ccRCC tumours. The latest was not related to ischemic or tumour-related paracrine effects since pre-clamping normal biopsies were positive for HAVCR/KIM-1 and unaffected counterparts of papillary tumours were negative. HAVCR/KIM-1 analyses in patients and the invasive capacity of HAVCR/KIM-1 shedding mutants in cell lines demonstrated that: (i) relative low HAVCR/KIM-1 membrane levels correlate with activated shedding in ccRCC patients and mutant cell lines; (ii) augmented shedding directly correlates with higher invasiveness and tumour malignancy. CONCLUDING STATEMENTS: Constitutive expression of HAVCR/KIM-1 in kidney might constitute a susceptibility trait for ccRCC tumour development. Enhanced HAVCR/KIM-1 ectodomain shedding promotes invasive phenotype in vitro and more aggressive tumours in vivo.
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15
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Morrissey JJ, London AN, Lambert MC, Kharasch ED. Sensitivity and specificity of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1 for the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma. Am J Nephrol 2011; 34:391-8. [PMID: 21912102 DOI: 10.1159/000330851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) are urinary biomarkers of diagnostic relevance in a wide variety of acute and chronic kidney diseases. Their diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for kidney cancer are largely unknown and therefore the subject of this investigation. METHODS A prospective cohort study was performed to evaluate urine biomarkers for clear-cell and papillary subtypes of renal cancer (67 patients undergoing nephrectomy) and 55 control patients undergoing non-kidney surgery. Urinary KIM-1 and NGAL concentrations were determined by sensitive and specific ELISAs. RESULTS In renal cancer patients, median NGAL excretion was 0.52 (1st to 3rd quartiles: 0.28-0.82) ng/mg urinary creatinine (U(Cr)) before nephrectomy compared to 0.15 (0.04-0.31) ng/mg U(Cr) in controls (p < 0.001), and there was a modest decrease of 30% after nephrectomy (p < 0.008). NGAL was not correlated to tumor size (r = 0.19, p = 0.27) or stage. Before nephrectomy, KIM-1 excretion was 0.68 (0.40-1.12) ng/mg U(Cr) compared to 0.03 (0.01-0.06) in controls (p < 0.001). There was a linear correlation between KIM-1 excretion before nephrectomy and tumor size (Spearman's r = 0.66, p < 0.001), tumor stage, and a 50% decrease in median KIM-1 concentration 1 month following tumor excision (p < 0.01). Biomarker concentration ranges for renal cancer patients and controls overlapped substantially for NGAL but not KIM-1. CONCLUSION NGAL is not a sensitive or specific urinary biomarker of kidney cancer. Although KIM-1 had diagnostic sensitivity for kidney cancer, it is well known to reflect many types of kidney injuries, thus limiting its specificity as a diagnostic biomarker for renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah J Morrissey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA.
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16
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Freeman GJ, Casasnovas JM, Umetsu DT, DeKruyff RH. TIM genes: a family of cell surface phosphatidylserine receptors that regulate innate and adaptive immunity. Immunol Rev 2010. [PMID: 20536563 DOI: 10.1111/j.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The TIM (T cell/transmembrane, immunoglobulin, and mucin) gene family plays a critical role in regulating immune responses, including allergy, asthma, transplant tolerance, autoimmunity, and the response to viral infections. The unique structure of TIM immunoglobulin variable region domains allows highly specific recognition of phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells. TIM-1, TIM-3, and TIM-4 all recognize PtdSer but differ in expression, suggesting that they have distinct functions in regulating immune responses. TIM-1, an important susceptibility gene for asthma and allergy, is preferentially expressed on T-helper 2 (Th2) cells and functions as a potent costimulatory molecule for T-cell activation. TIM-3 is preferentially expressed on Th1 and Tc1 cells, and generates an inhibitory signal resulting in apoptosis of Th1 and Tc1 cells. TIM-3 is also expressed on some dendritic cells and can mediate phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and cross-presentation of antigen. In contrast, TIM-4 is exclusively expressed on antigen-presenting cells, where it mediates phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and plays an important role in maintaining tolerance. TIM molecules thus provide a functional repertoire for recognition of apoptotic cells, which determines whether apoptotic cell recognition leads to immune activation or tolerance, depending on the TIM molecule engaged and the cell type on which it is expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Freeman GJ, Casasnovas JM, Umetsu DT, DeKruyff RH. TIM genes: a family of cell surface phosphatidylserine receptors that regulate innate and adaptive immunity. Immunol Rev 2010; 235:172-89. [PMID: 20536563 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2010.00903.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The TIM (T cell/transmembrane, immunoglobulin, and mucin) gene family plays a critical role in regulating immune responses, including allergy, asthma, transplant tolerance, autoimmunity, and the response to viral infections. The unique structure of TIM immunoglobulin variable region domains allows highly specific recognition of phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells. TIM-1, TIM-3, and TIM-4 all recognize PtdSer but differ in expression, suggesting that they have distinct functions in regulating immune responses. TIM-1, an important susceptibility gene for asthma and allergy, is preferentially expressed on T-helper 2 (Th2) cells and functions as a potent costimulatory molecule for T-cell activation. TIM-3 is preferentially expressed on Th1 and Tc1 cells, and generates an inhibitory signal resulting in apoptosis of Th1 and Tc1 cells. TIM-3 is also expressed on some dendritic cells and can mediate phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and cross-presentation of antigen. In contrast, TIM-4 is exclusively expressed on antigen-presenting cells, where it mediates phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and plays an important role in maintaining tolerance. TIM molecules thus provide a functional repertoire for recognition of apoptotic cells, which determines whether apoptotic cell recognition leads to immune activation or tolerance, depending on the TIM molecule engaged and the cell type on which it is expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that increased tumor expression of proteins such as aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and adipophilin (ADFP) in patients with renal cancer would result in increased urine AQP1 and ADFP excretion. PATIENTS AND METHODS Prenephrectomy and postnephrectomy (pseudocontrol) urine samples were collected from 42 patients with an incidental radiographically discovered renal mass and presurgical presumptive diagnosis of kidney cancer from July 8, 2008, through March 10, 2009. Also enrolled were 15 control patients who underwent nonrenal surgery and 19 healthy volunteers. Urine AQP1 and ADFP concentrations normalized to urine creatinine were determined by sensitive and specific Western blot assays. RESULTS Mean +/- SD preexcision urine AQP1 and ADFP concentrations (76+/-29 and 117+/-74 arbitrary units, respectively) in patients with a pathologic diagnosis of clear cell (n=22) or papillary (n=10) cancer were significantly greater than in patients with renal cancer of nonproximal tubule origin, control surgical patients, and healthy volunteers (combined values of 0.1+/-0.1 and 1.0+/-1.6 arbitrary units, respectively; n=44; P<.001). The AQP1 and ADFP concentrations decreased 88% to 97% in the 25 patients with clear cell or papillary cancer who provided postnephrectomy follow-up urine samples. In patients with clear cell and papillary carcinoma, a linear correlation (Spearman) was found between tumor size and preexcision urine AQP1 or ADFP concentration (r=0.82 and 0.76, respectively; P<.001 for each). CONCLUSION Urine AQP1 and ADFP concentrations appear to be sensitive and specific biomarkers of kidney cancers of proximal tubule origin. These biomarkers may be useful to diagnose an imaged renal mass and screen for kidney cancer at an early stage. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00851994.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Evan D. Kharasch
- Individual reprints of this article are not available. Address correspondence to Evan D. Kharasch, MD, PhD, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Campus Box 8054, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110-1093 ()
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19
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Umetsu DT, Umetsu SE, Freeman GJ, DeKruyff RH. TIM gene family and their role in atopic diseases. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2008; 321:201-15. [PMID: 18727494 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-75203-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The TIM gene family was discovered seven years ago by positional cloning in a mouse model of asthma and allergy. Three of the family members (TIM-1, TIM-3, and TIM-4) are conserved between mouse and man, and have been shown to critically regulate adaptive immunity. In addition, TIM-1 has been shown to play a major role as a human susceptibility gene for asthma, allergy and autoimmunity. Recently, TIM-4 has been identified as a ligand of phosphatidylserine and to control the uptake of apoptotic cells. These studies together suggest that the TIM gene family evolved to regulate immune responses by managing survival and cell death of hematopoetic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Umetsu
- Harvard Medical School, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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20
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Su EW, Lin JY, Kane LP. TIM-1 and TIM-3 proteins in immune regulation. Cytokine 2008; 44:9-13. [PMID: 18706830 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Over the last several years, there has been increasing interest in the role of proteins of the TIM (T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain) family in regulating immune responses. Despite what the name suggests, proteins of this family function in a much more widespread manner than just on T cells, as we will discuss in this review. We therefore propose that the definition of TIM be adjusted to "transmembrane immunoglobulin and mucin".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Wern Su
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop street, BST E-1056, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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21
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Kobayashi N, Karisola P, Peña-Cruz V, Dorfman DM, Jinushi M, Umetsu SE, Butte MJ, Nagumo H, Chernova I, Zhu B, Sharpe AH, Ito S, Dranoff G, Kaplan GG, Casasnovas JM, Umetsu DT, Dekruyff RH, Freeman GJ. TIM-1 and TIM-4 glycoproteins bind phosphatidylserine and mediate uptake of apoptotic cells. Immunity 2008; 27:927-40. [PMID: 18082433 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 475] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Revised: 10/31/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The T cell immunoglobulin mucin (TIM) proteins regulate T cell activation and tolerance. Here we showed that TIM-4 is expressed on human and mouse macrophages and dendritic cells, and both TIM-4 and TIM-1 specifically bound phosphatidylserine (PS) on the surface of apoptotic cells but not any other phospholipid tested. TIM-4(+) peritoneal macrophages, TIM-1(+) kidney cells, and TIM-4- or TIM-1-transfected cells efficiently phagocytosed apoptotic cells, and phagocytosis could be blocked by TIM-4 or TIM-1 monoclonal antibodies. Mutations in the unique cavity of TIM-4 eliminated PS binding and phagocytosis. TIM-4 mAbs that blocked PS binding and phagocytosis mapped to epitopes in this binding cavity. These results show that TIM-4 and TIM-1 are immunologically restricted members of the group of receptors whose recognition of PS is critical for the efficient clearance of apoptotic cells and prevention of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimoto Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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22
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Santiago C, Ballesteros A, Martínez-Muñoz L, Mellado M, Kaplan GG, Freeman GJ, Casasnovas JM. Structures of T cell immunoglobulin mucin protein 4 show a metal-Ion-dependent ligand binding site where phosphatidylserine binds. Immunity 2008; 27:941-51. [PMID: 18083575 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Revised: 10/31/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (TIM) proteins are important regulators of T cell responses. Crystal structures of the murine TIM-4 identified a metal-ion-dependent ligand binding site (MILIBS) in the immunoglobulin (Ig) domain of the TIM family. The characteristic CC' loop of the TIM domain and the hydrophobic FG loop shaped a narrow cavity where acidic compounds penetrate and coordinate to a metal ion bound to conserved residues in the TIM proteins. The structure of phosphatidylserine bound to the Ig domain showed that the hydrophilic head penetrates into the MILIBS and coordinates with the metal ion, whereas the aromatic residues on the tip of the FG loop interacted with the fatty acid chains and could insert into the lipid bilayer. Our results also revealed an important role of the MILIBS in the trafficking of TIM-1 to the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Santiago
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Santiago C, Ballesteros A, Tami C, Martínez-Muñoz L, Kaplan GG, Casasnovas JM. Structures of T Cell immunoglobulin mucin receptors 1 and 2 reveal mechanisms for regulation of immune responses by the TIM receptor family. Immunity 2007; 26:299-310. [PMID: 17363299 PMCID: PMC7111020 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2006] [Revised: 01/09/2007] [Accepted: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The T cell immunoglobulin mucin (TIM) receptors are involved in the regulation of immune responses, autoimmunity, and allergy. Structures of the N-terminal ligand binding domain of the murine mTIM-1 and mTIM-2 receptors revealed an immunoglobulin (Ig) fold, with four Cys residues bridging a distinctive CC′ loop to the GFC β-sheet. The structures showed two ligand-recognition modes in the TIM family. The mTIM-1 structure identified a homophilic TIM-TIM adhesion interaction, whereas the mTIM-2 domain formed a dimer that prevented homophilic binding. Biochemical, mutational, and cell adhesion analyses confirmed the divergent ligand-binding modes revealed by the structures. Structural features characteristic of mTIM-1 appear conserved in human TIM-1, which also mediated homophilic interactions. The extracellular mucin domain enhanced binding through the Ig domain, modulating TIM receptor functions. These results explain the divergent immune functions described for the murine receptors and the role of TIM-1 as a cell adhesion receptor in renal regeneration and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Santiago
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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24
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Lin F, Zhang PL, Yang XJ, Shi J, Blasick T, Han WK, Wang HL, Shen SS, Teh BT, Bonventre JV. Human kidney injury molecule-1 (hKIM-1): a useful immunohistochemical marker for diagnosing renal cell carcinoma and ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2007; 31:371-81. [PMID: 17325478 DOI: 10.1097/01.pas.0000213353.95508.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human kidney injury molecule-1 (hKIM-1), a type I transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in injured renal proximal tubules, was also found in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The current study attempts to evaluate the diagnostic utility of hKIM-1 in a large series of 480 neoplasms including defined subtypes of renal cell tumors, metastatic RCCs, and nonrenal tumors. Tissue microarray (TMA) sections containing 179 renal cell tumors (73 clear cell RCC, 30 papillary RCC, 16 chromophobe RCC, 15 oncocytoma, and 45 metastatic RCC) were included in this study. In addition, 80 cases of renal cell neoplasm and 221 nonrenal tumors in routine tissue sections were also included. Both TMA and routine sections were incubated with anti-hKIM-1 monoclonal antibody using an EnVision-HRP kit. The results demonstrated that a membranous/cytoplasmic staining pattern for hKIM-1 was observed in 54 of 73 (74%) clear cell RCCs and 28 of 30 (93%) papillary RCCs on TMA sections. Zero of 54 chromophobe RCCs and 4 of 41 (9.75%) oncocytomas were positive for hKIM-1 when combining TMA and routine sections. Similar staining results were observed in 35 of 45 (78%) metastatic RCCs. Data from cDNA microarray expression and Western blot demonstrated similar findings. Fifteen of 16 cases (93.8%) of clear cell carcinoma of the ovary demonstrated positive reactivity for hKIM-1. These data indicate that hKIM-1: (1) is a relatively sensitive and specific marker for papillary, clear cell, and metastatic RCCs, (2) can be used to distinguish clear cell from chromophobe RCC, and (3) may serve as a diagnostic marker for clear cell carcinoma of the ovary.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/chemistry
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/pathology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Kidney Neoplasms/chemistry
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/analysis
- Ovarian Neoplasms/chemistry
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Receptors, Virus/analysis
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Tissue Array Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, 100 N. Academy Avenue, Danville, PA 17822, USA.
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Tami C, Silberstein E, Manangeeswaran M, Freeman GJ, Umetsu SE, DeKruyff RH, Umetsu DT, Kaplan GG. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a natural ligand of hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1), and the association of IgA with HAVCR1 enhances virus-receptor interactions. J Virol 2007; 81:3437-46. [PMID: 17229699 PMCID: PMC1866050 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01585-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1/TIM1), a member of the T-cell immunoglobulin mucin (TIM) family, is an important atopy susceptibility gene in humans. The exact natural function of HAVCR1/TIM1 and the inverse association between HAV infection and prevention of atopy are not well understood. To identify natural ligands of human HAVCR1/TIM1, we used an expression cloning strategy based on the binding of dog cells transfected with a human lymph node cDNA library to a HAVCR1/TIM1 Fc fusion protein. The transfected cells that bound to the human HAVCR1/TIM1 Fc contained cDNA of human immunoglobulin alpha 1 heavy (Igalpha1) and lambda light (Iglambda) chain and secreted human IgA1lambda antibody that bound to the cell surface. Cotransfection of the isolated Igalpha1 and Iglambda cDNAs to naïve dog cells resulted in the secretion of IgA1lambda that bound to HAVCR1/TIM1 Fc but not to a poliovirus receptor Fc fusion protein in a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The interaction of HAVCR1/TIM1 with IgA was inhibited by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against Igalpha1 and Iglambda, excess IgA1lambda, or anti-HAVCR1/TIM1 MAb. IgA did not inhibit HAV infection of African green monkey cells, suggesting that the IgA and the virus binding sites are in different epitopes on HAVCR1/TIM1. IgA enhanced significantly the neutralization of HAV by HAVCR1/TIM1 Fc. Our results indicate that IgA1lambda is a specific ligand of HAVCR1/TIM1 and that their association has a synergistic effect in virus-receptor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Tami
- Laboratory of Hepatitis and Related Emerging Agents, CBER, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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van de Weyer PS, Muehlfeit M, Klose C, Bonventre JV, Walz G, Kuehn EW. A highly conserved tyrosine of Tim-3 is phosphorylated upon stimulation by its ligand galectin-9. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 351:571-6. [PMID: 17069754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tim-3 is a member of the TIM family of proteins (T-cell immunoglobulin mucin) involved in the regulation of CD4+ T-cells. Tim-3 is a T(H)1-specific type 1 membrane protein and regulates T(H)1 proliferation and the development of tolerance. Binding of galectin-9 to the extracellular domain of Tim-3 results in apoptosis of T(H)1 cells, but the intracellular pathways involved in the regulatory function of Tim-3 are unknown. Unlike Tim-1, which is expressed in renal epithelia and cancer, Tim-3 has not been described in cells other than neuronal or T-cells. Using RT-PCR we demonstrate that Tim-3 is expressed in malignant and non-malignant epithelial tissues. We have cloned Tim-3 from an immortalized liver cell carcinoma line and identified a highly conserved tyrosine in the intracellular tail of Tim-3 (Y265). We demonstrate that Y265 is specifically phosphorylated in vivo by the interleukin inducible T cell kinase (ITK), a kinase which is located in close proximity of the TIM genes on the allergy susceptibility locus 5q33.3. Stimulation of Tim-3 by its ligand galectin-9 results in increased phosphorylation of Y265, suggesting that this tyrosine residue plays an important role in downstream signalling events regulating T-cell fate. Given the role of TIM proteins in autoimmunity and cancer, the conserved SH2 binding domain surrounding Y265 could represent a possible target site for pharmacological intervention.
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van Timmeren MM, Bakker SJL, Vaidya VS, Bailly V, Schuurs TA, Damman J, Stegeman CA, Bonventre JV, van Goor H. Tubular kidney injury molecule-1 in protein-overload nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2006; 291:F456-64. [PMID: 16467126 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00403.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Kim-1, a recently discovered membrane protein, is undetectable in normal kidneys but markedly induced in proximal tubules after ischemic and toxic injury. The function of Kim-1 is unclear, but it is implicated in damage/repair processes. The Kim-1 ectodomain is cleaved by metalloproteinases and detectable in urine. We studied Kim-1 in a nontoxic, nonischemic, model of tubulointerstitial damage caused by acute proteinuria. Uninephrectomized (NX) rats received daily (ip) injections of 2 g BSA (NX+BSA, n = 12) or saline (NX, n = 6) for 3 wk. Kidneys were stained for various damage markers by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Kim-1 mRNA (RT-PCR, in situ hybridization), protein (IHC, Western blotting), and urinary Kim-1 (Luminex) were determined. Spatial relations between Kim-1 and other damage markers were studied by double labeling IHC. NX+BSA rats developed massive proteinuria (1,217 ± 313 vs. 18 ± 2 mg/day in NX, P < 0.001) and significant renal damage. Kim-1 mRNA was upregulated eightfold in NX+BSA (ratio Kim-1/β-actin, 4.08 ± 2.56 vs. 0.52 ± 0.64 in NX, P < 0.001) and localized to damaged tubules. Kim-1 protein expression was markedly induced in NX+BSA (2.46 ± 1.19 vs. 0.39 ± 0.10% staining/field in NX, P < 0.001). Urinary Kim-1 was significantly elevated in NX+BSA (921 ± 592 vs. 87 ± 164 pg/ml in NX, P < 0.001) and correlated with tissue Kim-1 expression ( r = 0.66, P =0.02). Kim-1 protein was found at the apical membrane of dilated nephrons. Kim-1 expression was limited to areas with inflammation (MØ), fibrosis (α-smooth muscle actin), and tubular damage (osteopontin), and only occasionally with tubular dedifferentiation (vimentin). These results implicate involvement of Kim-1 in the pathogenesis of proteinuria-induced renal damage/repair. Urinary Kim-1 levels may serve as a marker of proteinuria-induced renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjan M van Timmeren
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Mesri M, Smithson G, Ghatpande A, Chapoval A, Shenoy S, Boldog F, Hackett C, Pena CE, Burgess C, Bendele A, Shimkets RA, Starling GC. Inhibition of in vitro and in vivo T cell responses by recombinant human Tim-1 extracellular domain proteins. Int Immunol 2006; 18:473-84. [PMID: 16481347 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxh388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the T cell, Ig domain and mucin domain (Tim) family of proteins have recently been implicated in the control of T cell-mediated immune responses. Tim-1 (HUGO designation HAVCR1) polymorphisms have been linked to the regulation of atopy in mice and humans, suggestive of a role in immune regulation. Tim-1 is expressed upon activation of T cells. In concert with the increased expression of Tim-1, a binding partner for the extracellular domain of Tim-1 (eTim-1) was induced on activated T cells, and mRNA expression data was consistent with the binding partner being Tim-4. We found that co-immobilized recombinant eTim-1 was able to inhibit T cell activation mediated by CD3 + CD28 mAb. eTim-1 mediated its inhibitory effects on proliferation by arresting cell cycle at G(0)/G(1) phase through regulation of cell cycle proteins. In vivo, administration of eTim-1 proteins led to a decrease in both ear (contact hypersensitivity to oxazolone) and joint (methylated BSA antigen-induced arthritis) swelling. The inhibitory activity of eTim-1 in the T(h)1-dependent models was evidence that eTim-1 is able to modulate T cell responses. Manipulation of the Tim-1 interaction with its binding partner on T cells may therefore provide a novel target for therapeutic intervention in T cell-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mesri
- CuraGen Corporation, Branford, CT 06405, USA.
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Kindermann B, Döring F, Budczies J, Daniel H. Zinc-sensitive genes as potential new target genes of the metal transcription factor-1 (MTF-1). Biochem Cell Biol 2005; 83:221-9. [PMID: 15864330 DOI: 10.1139/o04-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element that serves as a structural constituent of a large number of transcription factors, which explains its pivotal role in the control of gene expression. Previous studies investigating the effect of zinc deficiency and zinc supplementation on gene expression in the human adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 led to the identification of a considerable number of genes responding to alterations in cellular zinc status with changes in steady state mRNA levels. For 9 of 20 genes from these previous screenings that were studied in more detail, mRNA steady state levels responded to both high and low media zinc concentrations. As they are primarily zinc-dependent, we assessed whether these genes are controlled by the zinc-finger metal transcription factor MTF-1. To test this hypothesis we generated a doxycyline-inducible Tet-On HT-29 cell line overexpressing MTF-1. Using this conditional expression system, we present evidence that Kruppel-like factor 4 (klf4), hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (hhav), and complement factor B (cfbp) are 3 potential new target genes of MTF-1. To support this, we used in silico analysis to screen for metal-responsive elements (MREs) within promotors of zinc-sensitive genes. We conclude that zinc responsiveness of klf4, hhav, and cfbp in HT-29 cells is mediated at least in part by MTF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Kindermann
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Molecular Nutrition Unit, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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