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Sedarat Z, Taylor-Robinson AW. Helicobacter pylori Outer Membrane Proteins and Virulence Factors: Potential Targets for Novel Therapies and Vaccines. Pathogens 2024; 13:392. [PMID: 38787244 PMCID: PMC11124246 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a gastric oncopathogen that infects over half of the world's human population. It is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, helix-shaped bacterium that is equipped with flagella, which provide high motility. Colonization of the stomach is asymptomatic in up to 90% of people but is a recognized risk factor for developing various gastric disorders such as gastric ulcers, gastric cancer and gastritis. Invasion of the human stomach occurs via numerous virulence factors such as CagA and VacA. Similarly, outer membrane proteins (OMPs) play an important role in H. pylori pathogenicity as a means to adapt to the epithelial environment and thereby facilitate infection. While some OMPs are porins, others are adhesins. The epithelial cell receptors SabA, BabA, AlpA, OipA, HopQ and HopZ have been extensively researched to evaluate their epidemiology, structure, role and genes. Moreover, numerous studies have been performed to seek to understand the complex relationship between these factors and gastric diseases. Associations exist between different H. pylori virulence factors, the co-expression of which appears to boost the pathogenicity of the bacterium. Improved knowledge of OMPs is a major step towards combatting this global disease. Here, we provide a current overview of different H. pylori OMPs and discuss their pathogenicity, epidemiology and correlation with various gastric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sedarat
- Cellular & Molecular Research Centre, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord 8813833435, Iran;
| | - Andrew W. Taylor-Robinson
- College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Gia Lam District, Hanoi 67000, Vietnam
- Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 1904, USA
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Tang Q, Ma Z, Tang X, Liu Y, Wu H, Peng Y, Jiao B, Wang R, Ye X, Ma H, Li X. Coptisine inhibits Helicobacter pylori and reduces the expression of CagA to alleviate host inflammation in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116618. [PMID: 37164257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a major pathogen colonized in the human stomach and is implicated in gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric carcinoma. Antibiotics are useful for eradicating H. pylori but failed for drug resistance, making it urgent to develop effective and safe drugs. Rhizoma Coptidis was reported as one of the most effective Chinese medicines to treat H. pylori-related gastrointestinal diseases, while the precise antimicrobial mechanism remains unclear. Thus, it is of great significance to study the antimicrobial ingredients and corresponding mechanisms of Rhizoma Coptidis. AIM OF THE STUDY To search for the most effective alkaloid against H. pylori in Rhizoma Coptidis and illustrate the probable mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five main alkaloids in Rhizoma Coptidis were isolated. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were tested to determine the most effective one. Bacterial growth experiments, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, TUNEL staining, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to further study the anti-H. pylori activity of coptisine (Cop). The in vivo effect of Cop on H. pylori eradication rate and H. pylori-induced inflammation was investigated in mice. Transcriptomics was used to understand the underlying mechanism of eradicating H. pylori and reducing host inflammation. Western blot, RT-PCR, and ELISA experiments were utilized and confirmed that cagA was one of the targets of Cop. RESULTS According to the MIC and MBC, Cop was the most effective alkaloid against H. pylori, especially with no drug resistance developed. In vitro experiments showed that Cop inhibited H. pylori by inducing DNA fragmentation, phosphatidylserine exposure, and membrane damage. Cop (150 mg/kg/day) effectively eradicated H. pylori in mice and reduced the levels of IL-2 and IL-6 to relieve gastric inflammation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that virulence factor cagA was one of the hub genes associated with the inflammation-improving effect of Cop. That is, Cop could decrease the expression of CagA and subsequently reduce the translocation of CagA to gastric epithelial cells, thereby improving the morphology of hummingbird-like phenotype induced by CagA and alleviating inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Cop is the most effective alkaloid in Rhizoma Coptidis and might act through multiple mechanisms for H. pylori eradication along with reducing the expression of CagA to alleviate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tang
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Zhengcai Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Xiang Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Huimin Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Yu Peng
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Baihua Jiao
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Hang Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Xuegang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Dargenio VN, Castellaneta S, Panico S, Papagni ME, Dargenio C, Schettini F, Francavilla R, Cristofori F. Probiotics and gastrointestinal diseases. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2022; 74:703-723. [PMID: 36315413 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.22.07031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
During the past decades, scientists have discovered the intimate role of the gut microbiome in human health, and since then, several papers have been published to investigate if the use of biotics (probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics) may have a beneficial impact on human health both in treatment and prevention. We now ask ourselves whether we have reached the finish line or just a new starting point, as the evidence supporting the use of biotics in several conditions still needs a lot of work. Many questions remain unanswered today because the evidence differs depending on the indication, used strain, and amount and duration of administration. Herein we will summarize the evidence on probiotics in some gastrointestinal diseases such as infantile colic, functional abdominal pain disorders, celiac disease, acute gastroenteritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and Helicobacter pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa N Dargenio
- Section of Pediatrics, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Castellaneta
- Section of Pediatrics, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Serena Panico
- Section of Pediatrics, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria E Papagni
- Section of Pediatrics, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Costantino Dargenio
- Section of Pediatrics, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Federico Schettini
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Ruggiero Francavilla
- Section of Pediatrics, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy -
| | - Fernanda Cristofori
- Section of Pediatrics, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Daelemans S, Deseck V, Levy EI, Vandenplas Y. Are pro- and/or synbiotics beneficial in Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy in children? A narrative review. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:3225-3234. [PMID: 35726032 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To assess the effect of pro- and synbiotics in the eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori (Hp), as well as their effect on adverse effects and therapy compliance in children, a review was performed. We searched for relevant studies published in the English language in PubMed in the last 5 years. Articles were extracted using subject heading and keywords of interest to the topic. There is low-quality evidence that Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Clostridium butyricum (only one RCT for all three) and Saccharomyces boulardii (more than 1 RCT) increase the eradication rate and decrease the adverse effects. Data with synbiotics report only a trend towards a better eradication. Heterogeneity in study designs and outcomes is a major limitation to propose evidence-based recommendations. A reduced incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea is reported. Therapy compliance has been poorly studied. Conclusion: Due to study heterogeneity, there is very low evidence that some specific probiotics strains increase the eradication rate of Hp when added to standard eradication therapy in children. Whether this is related to immunological effects of the strain or a decrease of adverse effects is not known. More studies, especially comparative trials, are needed before the addition of pro- or synbiotics to Hp eradication treatment can be recommended in daily routine. What is Known: • Eradication treatment of Helicobacter pylori in children has a low success rate and induces frequently adverse effects. • The addition of probiotics might improve eradication and decrease adverse effects, but no paediatric guideline does recommend probiotics as part of the eradication treatment. What is New: • There is low-quality evidence that Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacteria infantis, and Clostridium butyricum (only one randomized controlled trial (RCT) for all three) and Saccharomyces boulardii (more than 1 RCT) increase the eradication rate and decrease the adverse effects. • Data with synbiotics report only a trend towards a better eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Daelemans
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), UZ Brussel, KidZ Health Castle, Laarbeeklaan, 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginie Deseck
- Department of Pediatrics, C.H.U. Saint-Pierre, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elvira Ingrid Levy
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), UZ Brussel, KidZ Health Castle, Laarbeeklaan, 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, C.H.U. Saint-Pierre, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yvan Vandenplas
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), UZ Brussel, KidZ Health Castle, Laarbeeklaan, 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
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Grodner B, Napiórkowska M, Pisklak DM. Catalase Inhibition by Aminoalkanol Derivatives with Potential Anti-Cancer Activity-In Vitro and In Silico Studies Using Capillary Electrophoresis Method. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7123. [PMID: 35806131 PMCID: PMC9266750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the investigation of type and inhibitory strength of catalase by two pairs of aminoalkanol derivatives (1,7 diEthyl- and 1,7-diMethyl-8,9-diphenyl-4-azatricyclo (5.2.1.02.6) dec-8-ene- 3,5,10-trione) has been presented. The obtained results allowed for the determination of all kinetic parameters (Km, Vmax, slope angles of Lineweaver-Burk plots, Ki and IC50) on the basis of which it was shown that all four aminoalkanol derivatives are competitive inhibitors of catalase. However, the strength of action of each of them depends on the type of substituents present in the main structure of the molecule. Subtle differences in the potency of individual derivatives were possible to detect thanks to the developed, sensitive method of capillary electrophoresis, which allowed simultaneous monitoring of the mutual changes in the concentrations of substrates and products of the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme. Detailed values of kinetic parameters showed that all derivatives are weak inhibitors of catalase, which in this case is a big advantage because each inhibition of catalase activity is associated with a greater amount of accumulated, harmful reactive oxygen species. The results of docking studies also show the convergence of the binding energies values of individual inhibitors with all kinetic parameters of the investigated catalase inhibition and thus additionally confirm the weak inhibitory strength of all four aminoalkanol derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Grodner
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariola Napiórkowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Maciej Pisklak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
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Sánchez-Alonzo K, Arellano-Arriagada L, Bernasconi H, Parra-Sepúlveda C, Campos VL, Silva-Mieres F, Sáez-Carrillo K, Smith CT, García-Cancino A. An Anaerobic Environment Drives the Harboring of Helicobacter pylori within Candida Yeast Cells. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050738. [PMID: 35625466 PMCID: PMC9139145 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Helicobacter pylori is a pathogen that is associated with a number of gastric pathologies and has adapted to the gastric environment. Outside this organ, stress factors such as oxygen concentration affect the viability of this bacterium. This study aimed to determine if changes in oxygen concentration promoted the entry of H. pylori into the interior of yeast cells of the Candida genus. Co-cultures of H. pylori and Candida strains in Brucella broth plus 5% fetal bovine serum were incubated under microaerobic, anaerobic, or aerobic conditions. Bacteria-like bodies (BLBs) were detected within yeast cells (Y-BLBs) by optical microscopy, identified by molecular techniques, and their viability evaluated by SYTO-9 fluorescence. Co-cultures incubated under the three conditions showed the presence of Y-BLBs, but the highest Y-BLB percentage was present in H. pylori J99 and C. glabrata co-cultures incubated under anaerobiosis. Molecular techniques were used to identify BLBs as H. pylori and SYTO-9 fluorescence confirmed that this bacterium remained viable within yeast cells. In conclusion, although without apparent stress conditions H. pylori harbors within Candida yeast cells, its harboring increases significantly under anaerobic conditions. This endosymbiotic relationship also depends mostly on the H. pylori strain used in the co-culture. Abstract Helicobacter pylori protects itself from stressful environments by forming biofilms, changing its morphology, or invading eukaryotic cells, including yeast cells. There is little knowledge about the environmental factors that influence the endosymbiotic relationship between bacterium and yeasts. Here, we studied if oxygen availability stimulated the growth of H. pylori within Candida and if this was a bacterial- or yeast strain-dependent relationship. Four H. pylori strains and four Candida strains were co-cultured in Brucella broth plus 5% fetal bovine serum, and incubated under microaerobic, anaerobic, or aerobic conditions. Bacteria-like bodies (BLBs) within yeast cells (Y-BLBs) were detected by microscopy. H. pylori was identified by FISH and by PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene of H. pylori from total DNA extracted from Y-BLBs from H. pylori and Candida co-cultures. BLBs viability was confirmed by SYTO-9 fluorescence. Higher Y-BLB percentages were obtained under anaerobic conditions and using H. pylori J99 and C. glabrata combinations. Thus, the H. pylori–Candida endosymbiotic relationship is strain dependent. The FISH and PCR results identified BLBs as intracellular H. pylori. Conclusion: Stressful conditions such as an anaerobic environment significantly increased H. pylori growth within yeast cells, where it remained viable, and the bacterium–yeast endosymbiotic relationship was bacterial strain dependent with a preference for C. glabrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Sánchez-Alonzo
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (K.S.-A.); (L.A.-A.); (C.P.-S.); (F.S.-M.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Luciano Arellano-Arriagada
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (K.S.-A.); (L.A.-A.); (C.P.-S.); (F.S.-M.); (C.T.S.)
| | | | - Cristian Parra-Sepúlveda
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (K.S.-A.); (L.A.-A.); (C.P.-S.); (F.S.-M.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Víctor L. Campos
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile;
| | - Fabiola Silva-Mieres
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (K.S.-A.); (L.A.-A.); (C.P.-S.); (F.S.-M.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Katia Sáez-Carrillo
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile;
| | - Carlos T. Smith
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (K.S.-A.); (L.A.-A.); (C.P.-S.); (F.S.-M.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Apolinaria García-Cancino
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (K.S.-A.); (L.A.-A.); (C.P.-S.); (F.S.-M.); (C.T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-41-2204144; Fax: +56-41-2245975
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Tsukanov VV, Smirnova OV, Kasparov EV, Sinyakov AA, Vasyutin AV, Tonkikh JL, Cherepnin MA. Dynamics of Oxidative Stress in Helicobacter pylori-Positive Patients with Atrophic Body Gastritis and Various Stages of Gastric Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:1203. [PMID: 35626358 PMCID: PMC9141138 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a global health problem. The pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear. This study included 198 H. pylori (+) men aged 45 to 60 years old. Group A included 63 practically healthy men, group B included 45 men with severe atrophic body gastritis, group C included 37 men with epithelial gastric cancer stages I-II according to TNM, and group D included 54 men with epithelial gastric cancer stages III-IV according to the TNM scale. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA), diene conjugates (DCs), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPO) was detected using an enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) or spectrophotometric methods in the blood plasma. The concentrations of MDA and DC were increased in the patients of group B compared with group A, and in patients of groups C and D compared with groups A and B. The ratio of MDA/SOD and MDA/CAT was decreased in the patients in group D compared with the patients in group C, and was significantly higher compared with group A. The ratios of MDA/GPO and MDA/GST increased linearly and were at a maximum in groups C and D. Our work determined that indicators of oxidative stress may be the biochemical substrate, which brings together the various stages of the Correa cascade, and may explain disease progression. The dynamics of changes in the content of SOD and CAT in the plasma in patients with gastric cancer may be a target of future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Vladimirovich Tsukanov
- Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Federal Research Centre “Krasnoyarsk Science Centre” of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.K.); (A.A.S.); (A.V.V.); (J.L.T.); (M.A.C.)
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8
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Zha LF, Dong JT, Wang JL, Chen QW, Wu JF, Zhou YC, Nie SF, Tu X. Effects of Insomnia on Peptic Ulcer Disease Using Mendelian Randomization. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:2216314. [PMID: 34616502 PMCID: PMC8487841 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2216314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Observational studies indicate that insomnia may increase risk of peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Our purpose is to clarify the possible causal relationship between insomnia and PUD by Mendelian randomization analyses. METHODS We carried out analyses using summary statistics data for genetic variants reported from a GWAS of insomnia (N = up to 1,331,010 individuals) and from a GWAS of PUD (N = up to 456,327 individuals). Three Mendelian randomization approaches were used to explore whether insomnia might play a causal role in PUD, and pathway and functional enrichment analyses were conducted to anticipate the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Conventional Mendelian randomization analysis showed clear causality between insomnia and PUD; 1 SD increased insomnia incident was related to a 19% higher risk of PUD (P = 6.69 × 10-16; OR, 1.19 (95% CI, 1.14-1.24)). The associations between insomnia and PUD were consistent in the other two analyses performed using the weighted median method (P = 7.75 × 10-7; OR, 1.16 (95% CI, 1.09-1.23)) and MR-Egger regression (P = 5.00 × 10-3; OR, 1.27 (95% CI, 1.07-1.50)). Moreover, no evidence indicated a reverse causality between PUD events and insomnia symptoms. Pathway and functional enrichment analyses indicated that the mechanisms of insomnia effect on PUD may be through various ways, such as the immune system and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS This Mendelian randomization study suggests insomnia as a causal risk factor for PUD. The potential mechanisms included may be immune and oxidative stress. These findings indicate that improving sleep quality could have substantial health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Feng Zha
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jing-Lin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qian-Wen Chen
- Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jian-Fei Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ying-Chao Zhou
- Heart Center, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Shao-Fang Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xin Tu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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9
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Baj J, Forma A, Sitarz M, Portincasa P, Garruti G, Krasowska D, Maciejewski R. Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factors-Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogenicity in the Gastric Microenvironment. Cells 2020; 10:E27. [PMID: 33375694 PMCID: PMC7824444 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer constitutes one of the most prevalent malignancies in both sexes; it is currently the fourth major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The pathogenesis of gastric cancer is associated with the interaction between genetic and environmental factors, among which infection by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is of major importance. The invasion, survival, colonization, and stimulation of further inflammation within the gastric mucosa are possible due to several evasive mechanisms induced by the virulence factors that are expressed by the bacterium. The knowledge concerning the mechanisms of H. pylori pathogenicity is crucial to ameliorate eradication strategies preventing the possible induction of carcinogenesis. This review highlights the current state of knowledge and the most recent findings regarding H. pylori virulence factors and their relationship with gastric premalignant lesions and further carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-400 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Alicja Forma
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Monika Sitarz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “Augusto Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Danuta Krasowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Paediatric Dermatology of Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
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10
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Ji J, Yang H. Using Probiotics as Supplementation for Helicobacter pylori Antibiotic Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1136. [PMID: 32046317 PMCID: PMC7037652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a well-known pathogen that is highly prevalent in the world population, and H. pylori infection is potentially hazardous to humans because of its relationship to various gastrointestinal diseases, such as gastric ulcers, chronic gastritis, and gastric carcinoma. Therefore, the clinical guidelines recommend taking antibiotic therapy to eradicate the pathogen, which usually leads to the desired therapeutic effect. However, some failure cases of this therapy indicate that the increasing antibiotic resistance and side effects may affect the therapeutic effect. Here we propose that using probiotics as supplementation for antibiotic therapy may provide an extra help. Recent studies have shown that probiotic supplementation therapy has promising application prospects; it can enhance the antibiotic effect to achieve a better therapeutic result and maintain the balance of the host gastrointestinal microbiota. In summary, under global conditions of increasing H. pylori prevalence, probiotic supplementation therapy is worthy of further studies for future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201100, China;
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11
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Rigoni A, Poulsom R, Jeffery R, Mehta S, Lewis A, Yau C, Giannoulatou E, Feakins R, Lindsay JO, Colombo MP, Silver A. Separation of Dual Oxidase 2 and Lactoperoxidase Expression in Intestinal Crypts and Species Differences May Limit Hydrogen Peroxide Scavenging During Mucosal Healing in Mice and Humans. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2017; 24:136-148. [PMID: 29272487 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izx024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DUOX2 and DUOXA2 form the predominant H2O2-producing system in human colorectal mucosa. Inflammation, hypoxia, and 5-aminosalicylic acid increase H2O2 production, supporting innate defense and mucosal healing. Thiocyanate reacts with H2O2 in the presence of lactoperoxidase (LPO) to form hypothiocyanate (OSCN-), which acts as a biocide and H2O2 scavenging system to reduce damage during inflammation. We aimed to discover the organization of Duox2, Duoxa2, and Lpo expression in colonic crypts of Lieberkühn (intestinal glands) of mice and how distributions respond to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and subsequent mucosal regeneration. METHODS We studied tissue from DSS-exposed mice and human biopsies using in situ hybridization, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and cDNA microarray analysis. RESULTS Duox2 mRNA expression was mostly in the upper crypt quintile while Duoxa2 was more apically focused. Most Lpo mRNA was in the basal quintile, where stem cells reside. Duox2 and Duoxa2 mRNA were increased during the induction and resolution of DSS colitis, while Lpo expression did not increase during the acute phase. Patterns of Lpo expression differed from Duox2 in normal, inflamed, and regenerative mouse crypts (P < 0.001). We found no evidence of LPO expression in the human gut. CONCLUSIONS The spatial and temporal separation of H2O2-consuming and -producing enzymes enables a thiocyanate- H2O2 "scavenging" system in murine intestinal crypts to protect the stem/proliferative zones from DNA damage, while still supporting higher H2O2 concentrations apically to aid mucosal healing. The absence of LPO expression in the human gut suggests an alternative mechanism or less protection from DNA damage during H2O2-driven mucosal healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Rigoni
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Richard Poulsom
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rosemary Jeffery
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Shameer Mehta
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Amy Lewis
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Christopher Yau
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Eleni Giannoulatou
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Roger Feakins
- Department of Histopathology, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - James O Lindsay
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrew Silver
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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12
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Tian T, Wang Z, Zhang J. Pathomechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Potential Antioxidant Therapies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4535194. [PMID: 28744337 PMCID: PMC5506473 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4535194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disease whose incidence has risen worldwide in recent years. Accumulating evidence shows that oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of IBD. This review highlights the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense mechanisms in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the involvement of oxidative stress signaling in the initiation and progression of IBD and its relationships with genetic susceptibility and the mucosal immune response. In addition, potential therapeutic strategies for IBD that target oxidative stress signaling are reviewed and discussed. Though substantial progress has been made in understanding the role of oxidative stress in IBD in humans and experimental animals, the underlying mechanisms are still not well defined. Thus, further studies are needed to validate how oxidative stress signaling is involved in and contributes to the development of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Ziling Wang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
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13
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Lee DY, Jung DE, Yu SS, Lee YS, Choi BK, Lee YC. Regulation of SIRT3 signal related metabolic reprogramming in gastric cancer by Helicobacter pylori oncoprotein CagA. Oncotarget 2017; 8:78365-78378. [PMID: 29108235 PMCID: PMC5667968 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Injection of the Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) is closely associated with the development of chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. Individuals infected with H. pylori possessing the CagA protein produce more reactive oxygen species (ROS) and show an increased risk of developing gastric cancer. Sirtuins (SIRTs) are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases and mitochondrial SIRT3 is known to be a tumor suppressor via its ability to suppress ROS and hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). However, it is unclear whether increased ROS production by H. pylori is regulated by SIRT3 followed by HIF-1α regulation and whether intracellular CagA acts as a regulator thereof. In this study, we investigated correlations among SIRT3, ROS, and HIF-1α in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. We observed that SIRT3-deficient AGS cells induce HIF-1α protein stabilization and augmented transcriptional activity under hypoxic conditions. In CagA+H. pylori infected cells, CagA protein localized to mitochondria where it subsequently suppressed SIRT3 proteins. CagA+H. pylori infection also increased HIF-1α activity through the ROS production induced by the downregulated SIRT3 activity, which is similar to the hypoxic condition in gastric epithelial cells. In contrast, overexpression of SIRT3 inhibited the HIF-1α protein stabilization and attenuated the increase in HIF-1α transcriptional activity under hypoxic conditions. Moreover, CagA+H. pylori attenuated HIF-1α stability and decreased transcriptional activity in SIRT3-overexpressing gastric epithelial cells. Taken together, these findings provide valuable insights into the potential role of SIRT3 in CagA+H. pylori-mediated gastric carcinogenesis and a possible target for cancer prevention via inhibition of HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Yeon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dawoon E Jung
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Sook Yu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Beom Ku Choi
- Immune & Cell Therapy Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yong Chan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Cho SO, Lim JW, Kim H. Diphenyleneiodonium Inhibits Apoptotic Cell Death of Gastric Epithelial Cells Infected with Helicobacter pylori in a Korean Isolate. Yonsei Med J 2015; 56:1150-4. [PMID: 26069142 PMCID: PMC4479847 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2015.56.4.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase produces a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced gastric epithelial cells. Even though ROS mediate apoptotic cell death, direct involvement of NADPH oxidase on H. pylori-induced apoptosis remains unclear. Besides, H. pylori isolates show a high degree of genetic variability. The predominant genotype of H. pylori in Korea has been reported as cagA⁺, vacA s1b, m2, iceA genotype. Present study aims to investigate whether NADPH oxidase-generated ROS mediate apoptosis in human gastric epithelial AGS cells infected with H. pylori in a Korean isolate. AGS cells were pretreated with or without an NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) and cultured in the presence of H. pylori at a bacterium/cell ratio of 300:1. Cell viability, hydrogen peroxide level, DNA fragmentation, and protein levels of p53, Bcl-2, and Bax were determined. Results showed that H. pylori inhibited cell viability with the density of H. pylori added to the cells. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase by DPI suppressed H. pylori-induced cell death, increased hydrogen peroxide, DNA fragmentation, and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, and p53 induction in AGS cells dose-dependently. The results suggest that targeting NADPH oxidase may prevent the development of gastric inflammation associated with H. pylori infection by suppressing abnormal apoptotic cell death of gastric epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Ok Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Weon Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
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15
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Bhattacharyya A, Chattopadhyay R, Mitra S, Crowe SE. Oxidative stress: an essential factor in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal mucosal diseases. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:329-54. [PMID: 24692350 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1364] [Impact Index Per Article: 136.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as by-products of normal cellular metabolic activities. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase are the enzymes involved in protecting cells from the damaging effects of ROS. ROS are produced in response to ultraviolet radiation, cigarette smoking, alcohol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ischemia-reperfusion injury, chronic infections, and inflammatory disorders. Disruption of normal cellular homeostasis by redox signaling may result in cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. ROS are produced within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but their roles in pathophysiology and disease pathogenesis have not been well studied. Despite the protective barrier provided by the mucosa, ingested materials and microbial pathogens can induce oxidative injury and GI inflammatory responses involving the epithelium and immune/inflammatory cells. The pathogenesis of various GI diseases including peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal cancers, and inflammatory bowel disease is in part due to oxidative stress. Unraveling the signaling events initiated at the cellular level by oxidative free radicals as well as the physiological responses to such stress is important to better understand disease pathogenesis and to develop new therapies to manage a variety of conditions for which current therapies are not always sufficient.
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16
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Handa O, Naito Y, Yoshikawa T. Redox biology and gastric carcinogenesis: the role of Helicobacter pylori. Redox Rep 2011; 16:1-7. [PMID: 21605492 PMCID: PMC6837368 DOI: 10.1179/174329211x12968219310756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost half the world's population is infected by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in human stomach, and this has been reported to impact upon gastric inflammation and carcinogenesis. However, the precise mechanism by which H. pylori induces gastric carcinogenesis is presently unclear. Although the main source of ROS/RNS production is possibly the host neutrophil, H. pylori itself produces O₂•⁻. Furthermore, its cytotoxin induces ROS production by gastric epithelial cells, which might affect intracellular signal transduction, resulting in gastric carcinogenesis. Excessive ROS production in gastric epithelial cells can cause DNA damage and thus might be involved in gastric carcinogenesis. Understanding the molecular mechanism of H. pylori-induced carcinogenesis is important for developing new strategies against gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Handa
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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17
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Porta C, Riboldi E, Sica A. Mechanisms linking pathogens-associated inflammation and cancer. Cancer Lett 2010; 305:250-62. [PMID: 21093147 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been estimated that chronic infections with viruses, bacteria and parasites are the causative agents of 8-17% of global cancers burden. Carcinogenesis associated with infections is a complex process, often mediated by chronic inflammatory conditions and accumulating evidence indicate that a smouldering inflammation is a component of the tumor microenvironment and represents the 7th hallmark of cancer. Selected infectious agents promote a cascade of events culminating in chronic inflammatory responses, thus predisposing target tissues to increased cancer susceptibility. A causal link also exists between an inflammatory microenvironment, consisting of inflammatory cells and mediators, and tumor progression. Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAM) represent the major inflammatory population present in tumors, orchestrating various aspects of cancer, including: diversion and skewing of adaptive responses; cell growth; angiogenesis; matrix deposition and remodelling; construction of a metastatic niche and actual metastasis; response to hormones and chemotherapeutic agents. Recent studies on human and murine tumors indicate that TAM show a remarkable degree of plasticity and functional heterogeneity, during tumour development. In established tumors, TAM acquire an M2 polarized phenotype are engaged in immunosuppression and the promotion of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Being a first line of the innate defence mechanisms, macrophages are also equipped with pathogen-recognition receptors, to sense the presence of danger signals, including onco-pathogens. Here we discuss the evidence suggesting a causal relationship between selected infectious agents and the pro-tumoral reprogramming of inflammatory cells, as well as its significance in tumor development. Finally, we discuss the implications of this phenomenon for both cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Porta
- DISCAFF, University of Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, via Bovio 6, Novara, Italy
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18
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Konecna K, Hernychova L, Reichelova M, Lenco J, Klimentova J, Stulik J, Macela A, Alefantis T, DelVecchio VG. Comparative proteomic profiling of culture filtrate proteins of less and highly virulent Francisella tularensis
strains. Proteomics 2010; 10:4501-11. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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19
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Noyan T, Guducuoglu H, Ilhan M. A study of oxidative stress parameters in anti-helicobacter pylorus immunoglobulin g positive and negative gastric cancer patients. Yonsei Med J 2009; 50:677-82. [PMID: 19881972 PMCID: PMC2768243 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2009.50.5.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Helicobacter pylorus (HP) is a Gram-negative spiral-shaped microaerophilic bacterium, which colonizes in the gastric mucosa of humans. The gastric human pathogen HP causes chronic gastritis and ulcers, and has a strong relationship with gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to determine advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels, activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and catalase (CAT) in two groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this aim, one group included 30 patients with gastric cancer (Group 1) and the other included 30 subjects with non-gastric cancer and Anti-HP immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody positive (group 2). Anti-HP IgG antibody test values were found as positive in fifty percent of group 1 and all of the group 2 patients. RESULTS Significantly increased AOOP levels were found in group 1 (p < 0.05) compared to group 2. There were no significant differences between the groups in regard to activities of MPO and CAT. In addition, AOPP level, MPO and CAT activities were similar among the Anti-HP IgG positive and negative subgroups of group 1 patients. CONCLUSION The result of this study indicated that gastric cancer patients were characterized by increased protein oxidation, whereas there was no significant difference in oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant enzyme activity between the Anti-HP IgG positive and negative gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tevfik Noyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yuzuncu Yil University, Medical Faculty, Van, Turkey.
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20
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Lin YF, Chen CY, Tsai MH, Wu MS, Wang YC, Chuang EY, Lin JT, Yang PC, Chow LP. Duodenal ulcer-related antigens from Helicobacter pylori: immunoproteome and protein microarray approaches. Mol Cell Proteomics 2007; 6:1018-26. [PMID: 17317659 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m700009-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is an important risk factor of duodenal ulcer (DU). Although many virulence factors of H. pylori have been identified, few have been reported to show an association with the pathogenesis of DU. The aims of this study were to identify H. pylori antigens showing a high seropositivity in DU and to develop a platform for rapid and easy diagnosis for DU. Because DU and gastric cancer (GC) are considered clinical divergent gastroduodenal diseases, we compared two-dimensional immunoblots of an acid-glycine extract of an H. pylori strain from a patient with DU probed with serum samples from 10 patients with DU and 10 with GC to identify DU-related antigens. Of the 11 proteins that were strongly recognized by serum IgG from DU patients, translation elongation factor EF-G (FusA), catalase (KatA), and urease alpha subunit (UreA) were identified as DU-related antigens, showing a higher seropositivity in DU samples (n = 124) than in GC samples (n = 95) (FusA, 70.2 versus 45.3%; KatA, 50.8 versus 41.1%; UreA, 44.4 versus 27.4%). In addition, we found that the use of multiple antigens improved the discrimination between patients with DU and those with GC as the odds ratios increased from 1.82 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.79-4.21; p = 0.1607) for seropositivity for FusA, KatA, or UreA alone to 4.95 (95% CI, 2.05-12.0; p = 0.0004) for two of the three antigens and to 5.71 (95% CI, 1.86-17.6; p = 0.0024) for all three antigens. Moreover a protein array containing the three DU-related antigens was developed to test the idea of using multiple biomarkers in diagnosis. We conclude that FusA, KatA, and UreA are DU-related antigens of H. pylori, and the combination of these on a protein array provided a rapid and convenient method for detecting serum antibody patterns of DU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
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21
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Hwang TS, Choi HK, Han HS. Differential expression of manganese superoxide dismutase, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, and catalase in gastric adenocarcinoma and normal gastric mucosa. Eur J Surg Oncol 2006; 33:474-9. [PMID: 17129702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2006.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2006] [Accepted: 10/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The biologic significance of antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) in gastric adenocarcinoma is still unclear. The aims of this study was to investigate the differential expression of AOEs in gastric carcinoma cells and non-cancerous counterparts and the relationship with the various clinicopathologic variables in gastric cancer patients. METHODS Expression status of MnSOD, Cu/ZnSOD, and catalase was evaluated immunohistochemically in 120 paired gastric cancer and adjacent non-cancerous tissue. The tissues were fixed in absolute methanol immediately after surgical resection and immunohistochemistry was performed by microprobe system using tissuemicroarray slides. RESULTS All AOEs revealed moderate to strong immunoreactivity in the parietal and intestinal metaplastic cells. Stromal cells in both cancer and non-cancerous tissue expressed MnSOD and catalase but Cu/ZnSOD. Immunoreactivity of MnSOD and catalase was increased in gastric carcinoma cells compared to their non-cancerous counterparts and revealed an association with intestinal type adenocarcinomas whereas immunoreactivity of Cu/ZnSOD did not reveal significant difference between cancer and non-cancerous mucosal cells. CONCLUSIONS Expression of MnSOD, Cu/ZnSOD, catalas in gastric cancer cells and non-cancerous counterparts was different and increased MnSOD and possibly catalase may in part be responsible for the increased risk of intestinal type adenocarcinoma of the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 4-12 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-729, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Subproteomes of soluble and structure-bound Helicobacter pylori proteins analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Proteomics 2005; 5:1331-45. [PMID: 15717330 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200401019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common bacterial pathogens and causes a variety of diseases, such as peptic ulcer or gastric cancer. Despite intensive study of this human pathogen in the last decades, knowledge about its membrane proteins and, in particular, those which are putative components of the type IV secretion system encoded by the cag pathogenicity island (PAI) remains limited. Our aim is to establish a dynamic two-dimensional electrophoresis-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE-PAGE) database with multiple subproteomes of H. pylori (http://www.mpiib-berlin.mpg.de/2D-PAGE) which facilitates identification of bacterial proteins important in pathogen-host interactions. Using a proteomic approach, we investigated the protein composition of two H. pylori fractions: soluble proteins and structure-bound proteins (including membrane proteins). Both fractions differed markedly in the overall protein composition as determined by 2-DE. The 50 most abundant protein spots in each fraction were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. We detected four cag PAI proteins, numerous outer membrane proteins (OMPs), the vacuolating cytotoxin VacA, other potential virulence factors, and few ribosomal proteins in the structure-bound fraction. In contrast, catalase (KatA), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (Ggt), and the neutrophil-activating protein NapA were found almost exclusively in the soluble protein fraction. The results presented here are an important complement to genome sequence data, and the established 2-D PAGE maps provide a basis for comparative studies of the H. pylori proteome. Such subproteomes in the public domain will be effective instruments for identifying new virulence factors and antigens of potential diagnostic and/or curative value against infections with this important pathogen.
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23
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De Luca A, Iaquinto G. Helicobacter pylori and gastric diseases: a dangerous association. Cancer Lett 2004; 213:1-10. [PMID: 15312678 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2004] [Accepted: 06/01/2004] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The bacterium Helicobacter pylori is linked to the appearance of several gastric diseases and in particular is associated with a progression to gastric cancer. Thistrun -1 bacterium colonizes the gastric mucosa directly interacting with epithelial cells. It is well known that H. pylori is associated with alterations in the gastric epithelial cell cycle, and apoptosis, higher levels of mononuclear and neutrophilic infiltrates, more severe atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. In last years, two mechanisms that interact with each other or not have been proposed: the hyperproliferation of gastric cells and oxidative damage of stomach mucosa. In particular, cell cycle alterations induce mitogenic signals and proto-oncogene expression that may trigger the development of cancer. Contemporary, H. pylori is able to induce polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells that produce oxygen free radicals that could cause DNA damage to the adjacent cells leading to cancer development. Due to dangerous infection of this bacterium, the scientific community must point out its attention on the development of detection and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio De Luca
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, Section of Clinical Anatomy, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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24
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25
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O'Rourke EJ, Chevalier C, Pinto AV, Thiberge JM, Ielpi L, Labigne A, Radicella JP. Pathogen DNA as target for host-generated oxidative stress: role for repair of bacterial DNA damage in Helicobacter pylori colonization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:2789-94. [PMID: 12601164 PMCID: PMC151419 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0337641100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori elicits an oxidative stress during host colonization. This oxidative stress is known to cause lesions in the host DNA. Here we addressed the question as to whether the pathogen DNA is subject to lethal or mutational damage by the host-generated oxidative response. H. pylori Hpnth mutants unable to repair oxidized pyrimidines from the bacterial DNA were generated. H. pylori strains lacking a functional endonuclease III (HpNth) showed elevated spontaneous and induced mutation rates and were more sensitive than the parental strain to killing by exposure to oxidative agents or activated macrophages. Although under laboratory conditions the Hpnth mutant strain grows as well as the wild-type strain, in a mouse infection the stomach bacterial load gradually decreases while the population in the wild-type strain remains stable, showing that endonuclease III deficiency reduces the colonization capacity of the pathogen. In coinfection experiments with a wild-type strain, Hpnth cells are eradicated 15 days postinfection (p.i.) even when inoculated in a 1:9 wild-type:mutant strain ratio, revealing mutagenic lesions that are counterselected under competition conditions. These results show that the host effectively induces lethal and premutagenic oxidative DNA adducts on the H. pylori genome. The possible consequences of these DNA lesions on the adaptability of H. pylori strains to new hosts are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyleen J O'Rourke
- Département de Radiobiologie et Radiopathologie, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Unité Mixte de Recherche 217/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, BP6, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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26
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Bumann D, Aksu S, Wendland M, Janek K, Zimny-Arndt U, Sabarth N, Meyer TF, Jungblut PR. Proteome analysis of secreted proteins of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Infect Immun 2002; 70:3396-403. [PMID: 12065478 PMCID: PMC128097 DOI: 10.1128/iai.70.7.3396-3403.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted proteins (the secretome) of the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori may mediate important pathogen-host interactions, but such proteins are technically difficult to analyze. Here, we report on a comprehensive secretome analysis that uses protein-free culture conditions to minimize autolysis, an efficient recovery method for extracellular proteins, and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by peptide mass fingerprinting for protein resolution and identification. Twenty-six of the 33 separated secreted proteins were identified. Among them were six putative oxidoreductases that may be involved in the modification of protein-disulfide bonds, three flagellar proteins, three defined fragments of the vacuolating toxin VacA, the serine protease HtrA, and eight proteins of unknown function. A cleavage site for the amino-terminal passenger domain of VacA between amino acids 991 and 992 was determined by collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry. Several of the secreted proteins are interesting targets for antimicrobial chemotherapy and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Bumann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
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27
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Gobert AP, Mersey BD, Cheng Y, Blumberg DR, Newton JC, Wilson KT. Cutting edge: urease release by Helicobacter pylori stimulates macrophage inducible nitric oxide synthase. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 168:6002-6. [PMID: 12055207 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.12.6002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression and production of NO are both up-regulated with Helicobacter pylori infection in vivo and in vitro. We determined whether major pathogenicity proteins released by H. pylori activate iNOS by coculturing macrophages with wild-type or mutant strains deficient in VacA, CagA, picB product, or urease (ureA(-)). When filters were used to separate H. pylori from macrophages, there was a selective and significant decrease in stimulated iNOS mRNA, protein, and NO(2)(-) production with the ureA(-) strain compared with wild-type and other mutants. Similarly, macrophage NO(2)(-) generation was increased by H. pylori protein water extracts of all strains except ureA(-). Recombinant urease stimulated significant increases in macrophage iNOS expression and NO(2)(-) production. Taken together, these findings indicate a new role for the essential H. pylori survival factor, urease, implicating it in NO-dependent mucosal damage and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain P Gobert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, and Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Kusters JG, Kuipers EJ. Antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori. SYMPOSIUM SERIES (SOCIETY FOR APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY) 2001:134S-44S. [PMID: 11422569 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01362.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J G Kusters
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Bereswill S, Neuner O, Strobel S, Kist M. Identification and molecular analysis of superoxide dismutase isoforms in Helicobacter pylori. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2000; 183:241-5. [PMID: 10675591 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb08965.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Three electromorphs of iron superoxide dismutase (FeSOD) were identified among 29 Helicobacter pylori isolates by native gel electrophoresis and activity staining. The electromorphs designated isoforms A, B, and C are characterized by slow, intermediate and fast electrophoretic migration, respectively, which was not observed under denaturing conditions. The isoforms were not associated with virulence determinants and with the outcome of disease. Sequence analysis of the sodB gene in strains producing different FeSOD isoforms and comparison of deduced protein sequences revealed that differences in the electric migration behavior are associated with exchange of charged amino acids, suggesting that faster migration is caused by a more negative total charge of the proteins. Electrophoretic migration of native FeSOD was not influenced by changes in the iron cofactor concentration, oxidative stress, and different media, indicating that FeSOD isoforms represent stable strain-specific markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bereswill
- University of Freiburg, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Hermann-Herder-Str. 11, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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Vanet A, Labigne A. Evidence for specific secretion rather than autolysis in the release of some Helicobacter pylori proteins. Infect Immun 1998; 66:1023-7. [PMID: 9488391 PMCID: PMC108011 DOI: 10.1128/iai.66.3.1023-1027.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether Helicobacter pylori cells actively secrete proteins such as the urease subunits UreA and UreB and the GroES and GroEL homologs HspA and HspB or whether these proteins were present in the extracellular compartment as a consequence of autolysis. Using a subcellular fractionation approach associated with quantitative Western blot analyses, we showed that the supernatant protein profiles were very different from those of the cell pellets, even for bacteria harvested in the late growth phase; this suggests that the release process is selective. A typical cytoplasmic protein, a beta-galactosidase homolog, was found exclusively associated with the pellet of whole-cell extracts, and no traces were found in the supernatant. In contrast, UreA, UreB, HspA, and HspB were mostly found in the pellet but significant amounts were also present in the supernatant. HspA and UreB were released into the supernatant at the same rate throughout the growth phase (3%), whereas large portions of HspB and UreA were released during the stationary phase (over 30 and 20%, respectively) rather than during the early growth phase (20% and 6, respectively). The profiles of protein obtained after water extraction of the bacteria with those of the proteins naturally released within the liquid culture supernatants demonstrated that water extraction led to the release of a large amount of protein due to artifactual lysis. Our data support the conclusion that a specific and selective mechanism(s) is involved in the secretion of some H. pylori antigens. A programmed autolysis process does not seem to make a major contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vanet
- Unité de Pathogénie Bactérienne des Muqueuses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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