1
|
Zuo ZT, Ma Y, Sun Y, Bai CQ, Ling CH, Yuan FL. The Protective Effects of Helicobacter pylori Infection on Allergic Asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2020; 182:53-64. [PMID: 33080611 DOI: 10.1159/000508330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As an ancient Gram-negative bacterium, Helicobacter pylori has settled in human stomach. Eradicating H. pylori increases the morbidities of asthma and other allergic diseases. Therefore, H. pylori might play a protective role against asthma. The "disappearing microbiota" hypothesis suggests that the absence of certain types of the ancestral microbiota could change the development of immunology, metabolism, and cognitive ability in our early life, contributing to the development of some diseases. And the Hygiene Hypothesis links early environmental and microbial exposure to the prevalence of atopic allergies and asthma. Exposure to the environment and microbes can influence the growing immune system and protect subsequent immune-mediated diseases. H. pylori can inhibit allergic asthma by regulating the ratio of helper T cells 1/2 (Th1/Th2), Th17/regulatory T cells (Tregs), etc. H. pylori can also target dendritic cells to promote immune tolerance and enhance the protective effect on allergic asthma, and this effect relies on highly suppressed Tregs. The remote regulation of lung immune function by H. pylori is consistent with the gut-lung axis theory. Perhaps, H. pylori also protects against asthma by altering levels of stomach hormones, affecting the autonomic nervous system and lowering the expression of heat shock protein 70. Therapeutic products from H. pylori may be used to prevent and treat asthma. This paper reviews the possible protective influence of H. pylori on allergic asthma and the possible application of H. pylori in treating asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Tong Zuo
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China,
| | - Ya Ma
- Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Cui Qing Bai
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chun Hua Ling
- Department of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Lai Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zambelli B, Mazzei L, Ciurli S. Intrinsic disorder in the nickel-dependent urease network. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 174:307-330. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
3
|
Hou B, Zhang M, Liu M, Dai W, Lin Y, Li Y, Gong M, Wang G. Association of active Helicobacter pylori infection and anemia in elderly males. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:228. [PMID: 30836932 PMCID: PMC6402101 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3849-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection increases with age. However, the relationship between H. pylori infection and anemia in the elderly population remains to be identified. The aim of this study is to explore whether H. pylori infection is associated with anemia in a male elderly cohort. METHODS A cross-sectional study was designed using data collected from asymptomatic male senior citizens (≥ 65 years old) who received an assessment of their health status at the General Hospital of Chinese PLA from January 2015 to December 2015. H. pylori infection was confirmed by the 13C-urea breath test. Blood samples from the participants were taken to assay for hemoglobin and other erythroid-related indices - serum iron, ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Anemia was defined as hemoglobin values lower than 120.0 g/L. Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was applied to establish baseline comorbidities. RESULTS Data from 646 subjects were analyzed. The mean age of the study cohort was 79.4 ± 8.9 years. The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 35.3%. The prevalence of anemia in the H. pylori positive group was higher than that in the negative group (5.3% vs. 2.2%, P = .033). Among the patients who had higher CCI scores (> 2), the prevalence of anemia in the H. pylori positive and negative groups were 10.3 and 1.4%, respectively (P = .009). Compared to the H. pylori negative group, the odds ratio for anemia of the H. pylori positive group was 2.53 (P = .033). No correlation between H. pylori infection and serum iron and ferritin levels was found. The mean corpuscular volume of the H. pylori positive and negative group was 91.17 ± 3.94 fl and 91.17 ± 4.09 fl (mean ± SD), respectively (P = .986). The CRP level in the H. pylori positive group was higher than that in the H. pylori negative group (Median: 0.17 mg/dL vs. 0.10 mg/dL, P < .001). CONCLUSION H. pylori infection seems to be associated with normocytic and normochromic anemia in elderly males, especially in those with more comorbidities. Further clinical studies are needed to verify the association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baicun Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Meifang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Geriatrics, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Dai
- Office of Information Management, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjuan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiliang Gong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Gangshi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Lee SP, Sung IK, Kim JH, Lee SY, Park HS, Shim CS. Risk Factors for the Presence of Symptoms in Peptic Ulcer Disease. Clin Endosc 2016; 50:578-584. [PMID: 28008163 PMCID: PMC5719912 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2016.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a common condition, but is difficult to detect in asymptomatic individuals. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic PUD during screening endoscopy and to identify risk factors for the presence of symptoms in patients with PUD. METHODS We investigated subjects who underwent a health inspection, including endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract and a serum anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG assay, and who completed a self-report questionnaire about their symptoms. RESULTS Of the 12,852 subjects included in the study, 124 (1.0%) had symptomatic PUD and 309 (2.4%) had asymptomatic PUD. Old age, current smoking, and H. pylori infection were independent risk factors for symptomatic and asymptomatic PUD. Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was an independent risk factor only for symptomatic PUD (p=0.040). Compared to subjects with asymptomatic PUD, subjects with symptomatic PUD were more likely to have active-stage ulcers (p=0.002) and to drink more heavily (p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS Use of NSAIDs is a risk factor for symptomatic PUD, but not for asymptomatic PUD. Excessive alcohol consumption and active-stage ulcers in patients with PUD are related to the presence of gastroduodenal symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Kyung Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Seok Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Sup Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
SHI JUN, WEI PINKANG. Interleukin-8 does not influence proliferation of the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:2475-2480. [PMID: 25364410 PMCID: PMC4214491 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8), an important inflammatory factor, is induced by Helicobacter pylori infection and is clearly associated with gastric cancer. IL-8 levels have been revealed to correlate significantly with the adhesion, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. However, whether IL-8 influences cell proliferation in gastric cancer remains unclear. In the present study, the effect of IL-8 on the proliferation of the SGC7901 human gastric cancer cell line was investigated. SGC7901 cells were exposed to various concentrations of IL-8 (0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1 ng/ml) for one to seven days. Cell proliferation was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. In addition, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein and mRNA levels were measured by immunofluorescence, western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Following exposure of SGC7901 cells to the various concentrations of IL-8, no significant changes in terms of cell proliferation were identified. However, IL-8 was shown to regulate PCNA protein and mRNA expression levels; at a concentration of 0.8 ng/ml, IL-8 significantly elevated the PCNA protein and mRNA expression levels, whereas IL-8 significantly inhibited these levels at other concentrations, compared with no treatment. In conclusion, IL-8 does not affect the proliferation of SGC7901 cells. However, IL-8 dosage was associated with PCNA protein and mRNA expression levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JUN SHI
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - PIN-KANG WEI
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Park JK, Huh KC, Shin CM, Lee H, Yoon YH, Song KH, Min BH, Choi KD. [Current issues in functional dyspepsia]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2014; 64:133-41. [PMID: 25252861 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2014.64.3.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders encountered in clinical practice. Functional dyspepsia is currently defined by Rome III criteria as the chronic dyspeptic symptoms (postprandial fullness, early satiety, epigastric pain or burning) in the absence of underling structural or metabolic disease that readily explain the symptoms. According to the Rome III consensus, functional dyspepsia can be subdivided into postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) and epigastric pain syndrome (EPS). Although the Rome III criteria have been published more than 8 years ago, not much effort has been put into validating these criteria and direct scientific evidence supporting the validity of the subdividing functional dyspepsia into PDS and EPS are lacking. This article is intended to review the validity of the Rome III criteria on the subdivisions of functional dyspepsia, i.e. PDS and EPS. The impact of sleep disorder, Helicobacter pylori-associated dyspepsia, and the emerging drug therapies in functional dyspepsia will also be discussed in this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Kyu Park
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Chan Huh
- Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyuk Lee
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Kyung Ho Song
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Hoon Min
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee Don Choi
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fu HW. Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein: From molecular pathogenesis to clinical applications. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:5294-5301. [PMID: 24833859 PMCID: PMC4017044 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i18.5294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) was originally identified as a virulence factor of H. pylori for its ability to activate neutrophils to generate respiratory burst by releasing reactive oxygen species. Later on, HP-NAP was also found to be involved in the protection of H. pylori from DNA damage, supporting the survival of H. pylori under oxidative stress. This protein is highly conserved and expressed by virtually all clinical isolates of H. pylori. The majority of patients infected with H. pylori produced antibodies specific for HP-NAP, suggesting its important role in immunity. In addition to acting as a pathogenic factor by activating the innate immunity through a wide range of human leukocytes, including neutrophils, monocytes, and mast cells, HP-NAP also mediates adaptive immunity through the induction of T helper cell type I responses. The pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of HP-NAP not only make it play an important role in disease pathogenesis but also make it a potential candidate for clinical use. Even though there is no convincing evidence to link HP-NAP to a disease outcome, recent findings supporting the pathogenic role of HP-NAP will be reviewed. In addition, the potential clinical applications of HP-NAP in vaccine development, clinical diagnosis, and drug development will be discussed.
Collapse
|
9
|
Amedei A, Munari F, Bella CD, Niccolai E, Benagiano M, Bencini L, Cianchi F, Farsi M, Emmi G, Zanotti G, de Bernard M, Kundu M, D'Elios MM. Helicobacter pylori secreted peptidyl prolyl cis, trans-isomerase drives Th17 inflammation in gastric adenocarcinoma. Intern Emerg Med 2014; 9:303-9. [PMID: 23054412 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-012-0867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is characterized by an inflammatory infiltrate, consisting mainly of neutrophils and T cells. This study was undertaken to evaluate the type of gastric T cell response elicited by the secreted peptidyl prolyl cis, trans-isomerase of H. pylori (HP0175) in patients with distal gastric adenocarcinoma. The cytokine profile and the effector functions of gastric tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) specific for HP0175 was investigated in 20 patients with distal gastric adenocarcinoma and H. pylori infection. The helper function of HP0175-specific TILs for monocyte MMP-2, MMP-9, and VEGF production was also investigated. TILs cells from H. pylori infected patients with distal gastric adenocarcinoma produced Interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-21 in response to HP0175. HP0175-specific TILs showed poor cytolytic activity while expressing helper activity for monocyte MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF production. These findings indicate that HP0175 is able to drive gastric Th17 response. Thus, HP0175, by promoting pro-inflammatory low cytotoxic TIL response, matrix degradation and pro-angiogenic pathways, may provide a link between H. pylori and gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kundu M. Helicobacter pylori Peptidyl Prolyl cis, trans Isomerase: A Modulator of the Host Immune Response. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6787-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
11
|
Rezaeifar A, Eskandari-Nasab E, Moghadampour M, Kharazi-Nejad E, Hasani SSA, Asadi-Saghandi A, Hadadi-Fishani M, Sepanjnia A, Sadeghi-Kalani B. The association of interleukin-18 promoter polymorphisms and serum levels with duodenal ulcer, and their correlations with bacterial CagA and VacA virulence factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 45:584-92. [PMID: 23746337 DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2013.794301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We analyzed the impact of interleukin (IL)-18 promoter polymorphisms on IL-18 serum levels in Helicobacter pylori-infected duodenal ulcer (DU) patients and healthy asymptomatic (AS) carriers. We also aimed to determine the association of the H. pylori virulence factors CagA and VacA antibodies with serum concentrations of IL-18 in order to elucidate any correlation between them. METHODS Three groups of patients were enrolled: DU patients (67 individuals), AS carriers (48 individuals), and H. pylori-negative subjects (26 individuals). Serum concentrations of IL-18 were determined by ELISA. Patient sera were tested by Western blot method to determine the presence of serum antibodies to bacterial CagA and VacA. Genotyping of IL-18 promoter polymorphisms at positions - 137G/C and - 607C/A were performed by allele-specific primer PCR protocol. RESULTS Our study revealed that serum IL-18 levels are positively influenced by CagA-positive H. pylori strains, so that maximum levels of IL-18 were detected in DU patients with the CagA(+) phenotype, regardless of the presence of the anti-VacA antibody. Regarding IL-18 promoter polymorphisms, the AA genotype and A allele at position - 607C/A were found to be significantly lower in DU patients than in AS carriers and H. pylori-negative subjects (p = 0.032 and 0.043, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The IL-18 - 607C variant was associated with higher levels of serum IL-18 and an increased risk of DU. Moreover, our findings indicated that serum concentrations of IL-18 were influenced by CagA factor, irrespective of the VacA status, suggesting that high levels of IL-18 in CagA-positive subjects predisposes to susceptibility to DU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Rezaeifar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Han JP, Hong SJ. Immune Response toHelicobacter pyloriInfection. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF HELICOBACTER AND UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.7704/kjhugr.2013.13.4.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Pil Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Su Jin Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang YC, Huang KM. In vitro anti-inflammatory effect of apigenin in the Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 53:376-83. [PMID: 23266501 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori causes extensive gastric epithelial cell inflammation which may progress to atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and even gastric adenocarcinoma. Apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is widely distributed in fruits and vegetables, and is a well-known antiinflammatory supplement with low cytotoxicity. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of apigenin in H. pylori-infected MKN45 cells, for which IκBα, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), reactive oxygen species (ROS), interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-6, IL-1β, and mucin-2 (MUC-2) expressions were examined. Apigenin treatments (9.3-74 μM) significantly increased the IκBα expression, and thus inhibited nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation, and the inflammatory factor (COX-2, ICAM-1, ROS, IL-6, and IL-8) expressions decreased. The ROS levels decreased partially based on the intrinsic scavenging property of apigenin. In summary, apigenin treatments effectively inhibited NF-κB activation and the related inflammatory factor expressions, as well as increased MUC-2 expression in the H. pylori-infected MKN45 cells. The compound shows great potential as a candidate agent for the inhibition of H. pylori-induced extensive gastric epithelial cell inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chuen Wang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Eskandari-Nasab E, Sepanjnia A, Moghadampour M, Hadadi-Fishani M, Rezaeifar A, Asadi-Saghandi A, Sadeghi-Kalani B, Manshadi MD, Pourrajab F, Pourmasoumi H. Circulating levels of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-13 in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients, and their associations with bacterial CagA and VacA virulence factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 45:342-9. [PMID: 23163894 DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2012.737930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the association of the Helicobacter pylori virulence factors, cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) antibodies, with serum levels of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-13 in H. pylori-infected duodenal ulcer (DU) patients and H. pylori-infected asymptomatic (AS) carriers in order to elucidate any correlation between them. METHODS A total of 67 DU patients, 48 AS individuals, and 26 healthy H. pylori-negative subjects were enrolled in this study. Serum concentrations of IL-12 and IL-13 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Patient sera were tested by Western blot method to determine the presence of serum antibodies to bacterial virulence antigens p120 (CagA) and p95 (VacA). Serum concentrations of IL-12 and IL-13 were compared in 9 groups, including 4 AS phenotypes (CagA⁺VacA⁺, CagA⁺VacA⁻, CagA⁻VacA⁺, CagA⁻VacA⁻), 4 DU phenotypes (CagA⁺VacA⁺, CagA⁺VacA⁻, CagA⁻VacA⁺, CagA⁻VacA⁻), and 1 control group. RESULTS The results revealed that DU patients positive for CagA, independent of the anti-VacA antibody status, showed drastically elevated levels of IL-12 (251 ± 43 pg/ml) when compared with the other groups (p = 0.0001). No significant difference was found between groups regarding levels of IL-13 (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that in the DU group, the serum concentrations of IL-12 but not of IL-13 were influenced by bacterial CagA, independent of the VacA status, suggesting that high IL-12 levels may contribute to susceptibility to DU in CagA-positive individuals. These findings could possibly be considered to improve the predictive or prognostic values of inflammatory cytokines for DU, and also to design possible novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Eskandari-Nasab
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hwang SW, Kim N, Kim JM, Huh CS, Ahn YT, Park SH, Shin CM, Park JH, Lee MK, Nam RH, Lee HS, Kim JS, Jung HC, Song IS. Probiotic suppression of the H. pylori-induced responses by conjugated linoleic acids in a gastric epithelial cell line. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2012; 86:225-31. [PMID: 22521089 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus was reported to decrease the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B. CLA was suggested as one of the anti-inflammatory molecular mechanisms of probiotics. In the present study, the effects of CLA on H. pylori-induced multiple responses were evaluated. IL-8, TNF-α and iNOS were measured in mRNA and/or protein levels in AGS cells after pretreatment with CLA or CLA-containing conditioned medium (CM) produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus or Lactobacillus plantarum. The increased expressions of IL-8 mRNA/protein and TNF-α mRNA were significantly suppressed by pretreatment with CM or CLA. The levels of IL-8 protein and TNF-α mRNA were suppressed by CM pretreatment better than CLA. The expression of iNOS mRNA was also significantly inhibited by CM pretreatment. These results suggest that the suppression of multiple mediators by CLA-containing CM plays a key role in the anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic effects of probiotics on H. pylori infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Wook Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ko SH, Yoo DY, Kim YJ, Choi SM, Kang KK, Kim H, Kim N, Kim JS, Kim JM. A mechanism for the action of the compound DA-6034 on NF-κB pathway activation in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. Scand J Immunol 2011; 74:253-263. [PMID: 21623862 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
DA-6034 is a synthetic derivative of eupatilin, a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of DA-6034 on the interactions between IκB kinase (IKK) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), and activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signalling pathway in human gastric epithelial cells infected with Helicobacter pylori. MKN-45 gastric epithelial cell line was treated with DA-6034 and H. pylori. DA-6034 significantly inhibited NF-κB activation and upregulated the expressions of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in MKN-45 cells infected with H. pylori. However, DA-6034 did not influence activator protein-1 DNA binding activity in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. Pretreatment with DA-6034 attenuated the H. pylori-induced increase in IKK activity, and Hsp90 was associated with IKK-α and IKK-γ in MKN-45 cells. Treatment with DA-6034 dissociated the Hsp90 and IKK-γ complex in H. pylori-infected cells, leading to the inhibition of IL-8 expression. These results suggest that the eupatilin derivative 7-carboxymethyloxy-3',4',5-trimethoxy flavone has anti-inflammatory activity in gastric epithelial cells infected with H. pylori through the promotion of the dissociation of the IKK-γ-Hsp90 complex and suppression of NF-κB signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Ko
- Department of Microbiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology, Joongbu University, Choongnam, KoreaResearch Laboratory, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Company, Kyunggi-do, KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Yonsei University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D Y Yoo
- Department of Microbiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology, Joongbu University, Choongnam, KoreaResearch Laboratory, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Company, Kyunggi-do, KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Yonsei University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y-J Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology, Joongbu University, Choongnam, KoreaResearch Laboratory, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Company, Kyunggi-do, KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Yonsei University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S M Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology, Joongbu University, Choongnam, KoreaResearch Laboratory, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Company, Kyunggi-do, KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Yonsei University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K K Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology, Joongbu University, Choongnam, KoreaResearch Laboratory, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Company, Kyunggi-do, KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Yonsei University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology, Joongbu University, Choongnam, KoreaResearch Laboratory, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Company, Kyunggi-do, KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Yonsei University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - N Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology, Joongbu University, Choongnam, KoreaResearch Laboratory, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Company, Kyunggi-do, KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Yonsei University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J S Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology, Joongbu University, Choongnam, KoreaResearch Laboratory, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Company, Kyunggi-do, KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Yonsei University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J M Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology, Joongbu University, Choongnam, KoreaResearch Laboratory, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Company, Kyunggi-do, KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Yonsei University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Suzuki H, Matsuzaki J, Hibi T. What is the difference between Helicobacter pylori-associated dyspepsia and functional dyspepsia? J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011; 17:124-30. [PMID: 21602988 PMCID: PMC3093003 DOI: 10.5056/jnm.2011.17.2.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in basic and clinical research have revealed that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection plays an important role in the development of gastroduodenal dysmotility and hypersensitivity, as also in dyspepsia symptoms. In addition, recent studies have proposed an inflammation-immunological model for the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia. Since H. pylori is the major microbe that provokes a gastroduodenal inflammatory response, it should not be overlooked when considering the pathophysiology of dyspepsia symptoms. In fact, population-based studies have demonstrated that H. pylori is detected more frequently in dyspepsia patients. However, although many clinical studies tried to reveal the association of H. pylori infection with gastric motility dysfunction or hypersensitivity, the results have been conflicting. On the other hand, many etiological features were revealed for the development of H. pylori-associated dyspepsia, such as abnormal ghrelin or leptic secretion, altered expression of muscle-specific microRNAs, and duodenal inflammatory cell infiltration. In addition, therapeutic strategy for H. pylori-associated dyspepsia would be different from H. pylori-negative functional dyspepsia. This review focuses the issue of whether H. pylori-associated dyspepsia should be considered as a different disease entity from functional dyspepsia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kersulyte D, Kalia A, Gilman RH, Mendez M, Herrera P, Cabrera L, Velapatiño B, Balqui J, Paredes Puente de la Vega F, Rodriguez Ulloa CA, Cok J, Hooper CC, Dailide G, Tamma S, Berg DE. Helicobacter pylori from Peruvian amerindians: traces of human migrations in strains from remote Amazon, and genome sequence of an Amerind strain. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15076. [PMID: 21124785 PMCID: PMC2993954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori is extraordinary in its genetic diversity, the differences between strains from well-separated human populations, and the range of diseases that infection promotes. Principal Findings Housekeeping gene sequences from H. pylori from residents of an Amerindian village in the Peruvian Amazon, Shimaa, were related to, but not intermingled with, those from Asia. This suggests descent of Shimaa strains from H. pylori that had infected the people who migrated from Asia into The Americas some 15,000+ years ago. In contrast, European type sequences predominated in strains from Amerindian Lima shantytown residents, but with some 12% Amerindian or East Asian-like admixture, which indicates displacement of ancestral purely Amerindian strains by those of hybrid or European ancestry. The genome of one Shimaa village strain, Shi470, was sequenced completely. Its SNP pattern was more Asian- than European-like genome-wide, indicating a purely Amerind ancestry. Among its unusual features were two cagA virulence genes, each distinct from those known from elsewhere; and a novel allele of gene hp0519, whose encoded protein is postulated to interact with host tissue. More generally, however, the Shi470 genome is similar in gene content and organization to those of strains from industrialized countries. Conclusions Our data indicate that Shimaa village H. pylori descend from Asian strains brought to The Americas many millennia ago; and that Amerind strains are less fit than, and were substantially displaced by, hybrid or European strains in less isolated communities. Genome comparisons of H. pylori from Amerindian and other communities should help elucidate evolutionary forces that have shaped pathogen populations in The Americas and worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dangeruta Kersulyte
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Awdhesh Kalia
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Gilman
- Departemento de Microbiologia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Asociacion Benefica PRISMA, Lima, Peru
- Department of International Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Melissa Mendez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Departemento de Microbiologia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Phabiola Herrera
- Departemento de Microbiologia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Billie Velapatiño
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Departemento de Microbiologia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Jacqueline Balqui
- Departemento de Microbiologia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Jaime Cok
- Policlinico Peruano Japones, Lima, Peru
| | - Catherine C. Hooper
- Departemento de Microbiologia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Giedrius Dailide
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Sravya Tamma
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Douglas E. Berg
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Porta C, Riboldi E, Sica A. Mechanisms linking pathogens-associated inflammation and cancer. Cancer Lett 2010; 305:250-62. [PMID: 21093147 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been estimated that chronic infections with viruses, bacteria and parasites are the causative agents of 8-17% of global cancers burden. Carcinogenesis associated with infections is a complex process, often mediated by chronic inflammatory conditions and accumulating evidence indicate that a smouldering inflammation is a component of the tumor microenvironment and represents the 7th hallmark of cancer. Selected infectious agents promote a cascade of events culminating in chronic inflammatory responses, thus predisposing target tissues to increased cancer susceptibility. A causal link also exists between an inflammatory microenvironment, consisting of inflammatory cells and mediators, and tumor progression. Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAM) represent the major inflammatory population present in tumors, orchestrating various aspects of cancer, including: diversion and skewing of adaptive responses; cell growth; angiogenesis; matrix deposition and remodelling; construction of a metastatic niche and actual metastasis; response to hormones and chemotherapeutic agents. Recent studies on human and murine tumors indicate that TAM show a remarkable degree of plasticity and functional heterogeneity, during tumour development. In established tumors, TAM acquire an M2 polarized phenotype are engaged in immunosuppression and the promotion of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Being a first line of the innate defence mechanisms, macrophages are also equipped with pathogen-recognition receptors, to sense the presence of danger signals, including onco-pathogens. Here we discuss the evidence suggesting a causal relationship between selected infectious agents and the pro-tumoral reprogramming of inflammatory cells, as well as its significance in tumor development. Finally, we discuss the implications of this phenomenon for both cancer prevention and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Porta
- DISCAFF, University of Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, via Bovio 6, Novara, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Follmer C. Ureases as a target for the treatment of gastric and urinary infections. J Clin Pathol 2010; 63:424-30. [PMID: 20418234 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2009.072595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Urease is known to be a major contributor to pathologies induced by Helicobacter pylori and Proteus species. In H pylori, urease allows the bacteria to survive in an acidic gastric environment during colonisation, playing an important role in the pathogenesis of gastric and peptic ulcers. Ureolytic activity also results in the production of ammonia in close proximity to the gastric epithelium, causing cell damage and inflammation. In the case of Proteus species (notably Proteus mirabilis) infection, stones are formed due to the presence of ammonia and carbon dioxide released by urease action. In addition, the ammonia released is able to damage the glycosaminoglycan layer, which protects the urothelial surface against bacterial infection. In this context, the administration of urease inhibitors may be an effective therapy for urease-dependent pathogenic bacteria. This is a review of the role of ureases in H pylori and Proteus species infections, focussing on the biochemical and clinical aspects of the most promising and/or potent urease inhibitors for the treatment of gastric and urinary tract infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Follmer
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hallersund P, Elfvin A, Helander HF, Fändriks L. The expression of renin-angiotensin system components in the human gastric mucosa. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2010; 12:54-64. [PMID: 20739374 DOI: 10.1177/1470320310379066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the present study was to map the distribution of representative protein components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the human gastric mucosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Biopsies from the antral and corporal mucosa of healthy Helicobacter pylori negative and positive volunteers were assessed by histology, Western blot and immunohistochemistry for angiotensin II subtype 1 and 2 receptors (AT1R, AT2R) and other RAS components (angiotensinogen, renin, angiotensin converting enzyme, and neprilysin). Mucosal levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) served as a protein marker of neutrophil infiltration. RESULTS AT1R and AT2R were located in a variety of cells in the human gastric mucosa, including AT1R on a subpopulation of endocrine cells in the antral mucosa. Angiotensinogen and renin were expressed by resident mesenchymal cells in lamina propria. All investigated RAS components were found in vascular endothelial cells. The AT1R protein expression was 3-4 times higher in the gastric mucosa of H. pylori positive subjects compared to the gastric mucosa of H. pylori negative subjects (p < 0.05). Gastric mucosal AT1R protein expression correlated positively with neutrophil infiltration (r = 0.7, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Protein components of RAS are present in the human gastric mucosa. The results suggest an angiotensin II mediated impact on mucosal epithelial functions, antral endocrine properties, microvascular permeability, and gastric inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hallersund
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Touati E. When bacteria become mutagenic and carcinogenic: lessons from H. pylori. Mutat Res 2010; 703:66-70. [PMID: 20709622 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
More and more convincing data link bacteria to the development of cancers. How bacteria act as mutagens by altering host genomes, what are the different strategies they develop and what consequences do they have on infection-associated pathogenesis are the main questions addressed in this review, which focuses in particular on Helicobacter pylori infection. H. pylori is a major risk factor for gastric cancer development. Its oncogenic role is mediated by the chronic active inflammation it elicits in the gastric mucosa, associated with its capacity to persistently colonize the human stomach. However, direct genotoxicity of H. pylori through the action of bacterial cytotoxin or resulting from a DNA damaging effect of its metabolic derivatives as nitroso compounds cannot be excluded. Numerous studies have investigated inflammation-associated DNA damaging activity and mutagenic response due to H. pylori infection in both human and animal models. Recent findings on its mutagenic effects at the nuclear and mitochondrial genome and related DNA damage are reviewed. This genotoxic activity associated with oxidative species produced during inflammation is linked to the decreased efficiency of DNA repair systems. DNA methylation, which plays an important role in the regulation of the host response to H. pylori infection, is also documented. Furthermore, H. pylori affects genome integrity by increasing activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a DNA/RNA editing cytidine deaminase linking mutagenesis and tumorigenesis. These different strategies occurring during bacteria-host cell interaction, lead to nucleotide modifications and genome instabilities recognized as early events in the carcinogenesis process and contribute to the oncogenic properties of H. pylori infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliette Touati
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Worthley DL, Giraud AS, Wang TC. Stromal fibroblasts in digestive cancer. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT SOCIETY 2010; 3:117-25. [PMID: 21209778 PMCID: PMC2970811 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-009-0033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The normal gastrointestinal stroma consists of extra-cellular matrix and a community of stromal cells including fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, pericytes, endothelium and inflammatory cells. α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) positive stromal fibroblasts, often referred to as myofibroblasts or activated fibroblasts, are critical in the development of digestive cancer and help to create an environment that is permissive of tumor growth, angiogenesis and invasion. This review focusses on the contribution of activated fibroblasts in carcinogenesis and where possible directly applies this to, and draws on examples from, gastrointestinal cancer. In particular, the review expands on the definition, types and origins of activated fibroblasts. It examines the molecular biology of stromal fibroblasts and their contribution to the peritumoral microenvironment and concludes by exploring some of the potential clinical applications of this exciting branch of cancer research. Understanding the origin and biology of activated fibroblasts will help in the development of an integrated epithelial-stromal sequence to cancer that will ultimately inform cancer pathogenesis, natural history and future therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Worthley
- Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Research Foundation Clinical Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
- Conjoint Gastroenterology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Andrew S. Giraud
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Timothy C. Wang
- Division of Liver and Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, Room 923, New York, NY 10032 USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lienlaf M, Morales JP, Díaz MI, Díaz R, Bruce E, Siegel F, León G, Harris PR, Venegas A. Helicobacter pylori HopE and HopV porins present scarce expression among clinical isolates. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:320-9. [PMID: 20082477 PMCID: PMC2807952 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i3.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate how widely Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) HopE and HopV porins are expressed among Chilean isolates and how seroprevalent they are among infected patients in Chile. METHODS H. pylori hopE and hopV genes derived from strain CHCTX-1 were cloned by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli AD494 (DE3). Gel-purified porins were used to prepare polyclonal antibodies. The presence of both genes was tested by PCR in a collection of H. pylori clinical isolates and their expression was detected in lysates by immunoblotting. Immune responses against HopE, HopV and other H. pylori antigens in sera from infected and non-infected patients were tested by Western blotting using these sera as first antibody on recombinant H. pylori antigens. RESULTS PCR and Western blotting assays revealed that 60 and 82 out of 130 Chilean isolates carried hopE and hopV genes, respectively, but only 16 and 9, respectively, expressed these porins. IgG serum immunoreactivity evaluation of 69 H. pylori-infected patients revealed that HopE and HopV were infrequently recognized (8.7% and 10.1% respectively) compared to H. pylori VacA (68.1%) and CagA (59.5%) antigens. Similar values were detected for IgA serum immunoreactivity against HopE (11.6%) and HopV (10.5%) although lower values for VacA (42%) and CagA (17.4%) were obtained when compared to the IgG response. CONCLUSION A scarce expression of HopE and HopV among Chilean isolates was found, in agreement with the infrequent seroconversion against these antigens when tested in infected Chilean patients.
Collapse
|