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Elblihy AA, El-Ghannam S, Mohamed SZ, Hamouda MM, El-Ashry AH, Habib S. Helicobacter pylori-Toxoplasma gondii interplay with a possible role of IL-10. Acta Trop 2024; 253:107161. [PMID: 38417648 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Parasites are known for their modulatory effects on the immune response. The impact of toxoplasmosis on the immune response towards H. pylori is being studied in terms of IL-10 levels. This study included 110 patients suffering from persistent dyspepsia and 50 apparently healthy controls. Stool samples were collected and tested for H. pylori using colloidal gold one step test. Sera were examined for anti-Toxoplasma IgM and IgG using ELISA. IL-10 was also tested in the sera using ELISA. We found that Toxoplasma IgM and IgG tested positive in 1.8 % and 40 % of H. pylori positive patients, respectively. H. pylori-infected patients displayed higher IL-10 levels than the healthy controls (84 versus 0.59 pg/ml, respectively, P < 0.001). Classification of H. pylori positive patients according to Toxoplasma IgG titers yielded three groups: negative (58, 52.7 %), equivocal (8, 7.3 %), and positive (44, 40 %) groups, with the highest IL-10 levels detected in the double positive than the negative and the equivocal group (215 pg/ml versus 43 and 112.5 pg/ml, respectively, P < 0.001). There was strong positive correlation between Toxoplasma IgG titers and IL-10 levels (rs = 0.82, P < 0.001). Toxoplasma enhances IL-10 production in response to H. pylori infection. This could ameliorate the inflammatory response in the gastric mucosa, and subsequently more colonization with the H. pylori is achieved, resulting in persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat A Elblihy
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Program of Medicine and surgery, Mansoura National University, Gamasa City, Egypt.
| | - Shreief El-Ghannam
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Sherin Z Mohamed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Hamouda
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amira H El-Ashry
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine. Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Samar Habib
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; DCG Center for Excellence in Research, Scholarship, and Innovation (CERSI), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Gouda MA, Saied SA, Edrees A, Mostafa RG, Elfert A, Seleem AA, Shams A, Afify S. Effect of concurrent infection of Helicobacter pylori with Toxoplasma gondii infection on gastric pathology. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:408. [PMID: 38627630 PMCID: PMC11020820 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are among the most prevalent foodborne parasitic and bacterial infections worldwide. However, the concurrent impact of coinfection on gastric pathology has yet to be studied in depth. The effect of coinfection generally either adds a synergetic or antagonistic impact; we aimed in the current work to assess the impact of T. gondii coinfection on the progression of H. pylori-associated gastric pathology and reporting H. pylori virulent strains. The study was conducted on 82 patients complaining of persistent gastrointestinal symptoms with failed treatment response and prone to endoscopy. They were subjected to stool examination to detect H. pylori antigen, serological screening for latent toxoplasmosis, endoscopy, histopathological examination, and molecular detection of H. pylori virulence strains in gastric biopsies. Out of the 82 patients, 62 patients were positive for H. pylori antigen in stool and 55 patients confirmed positivity by histopathology; out of them, 37 patients had isolated Vac As1 variants, 11 patients had combined Vac As1 and Cag A variants, and 7 patients had combined Vac As1, Cag A and VacAs2 variants. Patients with the combined two or three variances showed significantly deteriorated histopathological features than patients with a single Vac As1 variant (P < 0.05). Latent toxoplasmosis was positive among 35/82 patients. Combined H. pylori and Toxoplasma gondii infection had significantly marked inflammation than patients with isolated infection (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Screening for toxoplasmosis among H. pylori-infected patients is recommended as it is considered a potential risk factor for gastric inflammation severity. H. pylori gastric inflammation may be heightened by Toxoplasma coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Gouda
- Clinical and Molecular Parasitology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shibin Elkom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Sara A Saied
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shibin Elkom, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Edrees
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shibin Elkom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Rasha Galal Mostafa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin Elkom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Elfert
- Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shibin Elkom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Aya Abdallah Seleem
- Zoonoses department, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Shams
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin Elkom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Sameh Afify
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shibin Elkom, Menoufia, Egypt
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Artola-Borán M, Fallegger A, Priola M, Jeske R, Waterboer T, Dohlman AB, Shen X, Wild S, He J, Levesque MP, Yousefi S, Simon HU, Cheng PF, Müller A. Mycobacterial infection aggravates Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric preneoplastic pathology by redirection of de novo induced Treg cells. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110359. [PMID: 35139377 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The two human pathogens Helicobacter pylori and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) co-exist in many geographical areas of the world. Here, using a co-infection model of H. pylori and the Mtb relative M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), we show that both bacteria affect the colonization and immune control of the respective other pathogen. Co-occurring M. bovis boosts gastric Th1 responses and H. pylori control and aggravates gastric immunopathology. H. pylori in the stomach compromises immune control of M. bovis in the liver and spleen. Prior antibiotic H. pylori eradication or M. bovis-specific immunization reverses the effects of H. pylori. Mechanistically, the mutual effects can be attributed to the redirection of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) to sites of M. bovis infection. Reversal of Treg cell redirection by CXCR3 blockade restores M. bovis control. In conclusion, the simultaneous presence of both pathogens exacerbates the problems associated with each individual infection alone and should possibly be factored into treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Artola-Borán
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angela Fallegger
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Priola
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rima Jeske
- Infection and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infection and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anders B Dohlman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sebastian Wild
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiazhuo He
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia; Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School Brandenburg, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Phil F Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Müller
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Effect of Helicobacter pylori and Helminth Coinfection on the Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:3351-3371. [PMID: 34251513 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide despite decades of efforts to eradicate the disease. Although the immune response controls the infection in most infected individuals (90%), the ability of the bacterium to persist throughout the host's life leads to a risk of reactivation. Underlying conditions including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, organ transplantation, and immunosuppressive therapies are considered risk factors for progression to active disease. However, many individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis may develop clinical disease in the absence of underlying immunosuppression. It is also possible that unknown conditions may drive the progression to disease. The human microbiota can be an important modulator of the immune system; it can not only trigger inflammatory disorders, but also drive the response to other infectious diseases. In developing countries, chronic mucosal infections with Helicobacter pylori and helminths may be particularly important, as these infections frequently coexist throughout the host's life. However, little is known about the interactions of these pathogens with the immune system and their effects on M. tuberculosis clinical disease, if any. In this review, we discuss the potential effects of H. pylori and helminth co-infections on the immune response to M. tuberculosis. This may contribute to our understanding of host-pathogen interactions and in designing new strategies for the prevention and control of tuberculosis.
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Hlushko KT, Pavlyshyn HA, Kozak KV. Clinical and immunological peculiarities of parasitic infections in children with digestive system disorders in Western Ukraine. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj93.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Pérez-Grisales LJ, Cruz-Moncada M, Peláez-Sánchez R, Díaz-Nieto JF. Toxoplasma gondii infection in Colombia with a review of hosts and their ecogeographic distribution. Zoonoses Public Health 2020; 68:38-53. [PMID: 33249768 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most prevalent zoonotic protozoan parasites among warm-blooded animal populations (humans included) around the world, causing multiple clinic manifestations including death in the most severe cases of infection. Due to the versatile life cycle of T. gondii and its diversity of potential hosts, there is a common perception that natural areas and wildlife are highly prevalent reservoirs for the parasite; however, information and reports of the parasite on wildlife populations in Colombia are scarce. Using PRC-based detection analyses of the B1 gene, we evaluated the presence of T. gondii in 49 native small mammal species (10% of the mammal species of Colombia) from 4 different undisturbed natural habitats. Additionally, to understand the ecogeographical distribution of the parasite in Colombia, we developed a literature search of infection reports including information on the host species, density of records and occurrence patterns (using landcover and ecoregions) in natural, rural and urban areas. Our literature review showed a total of 8,103 reports of T. gondii for Colombia of which 86% were related to humans, and 14% to non-human mammals and other categories, with just a single report associated to wildlife; additionally, 82% of all reports were associated to urban areas whereas only 18% to rural sites. Based on the negative results for the presence of T. gondii in our PCR-based analyses and our literature search, we suggest that T. gondii has a synanthropic distribution in Colombia occurring in ecoregions as variable as the xeric scrubs in the northern lowlands and humid montane Andean forests, also we show a lack of information on the parasite relationship with wildlife, a concerning fact given that zoonoses are the leading mechanism for the emergence of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Javier Pérez-Grisales
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Escuela de Ciencias, Grupo de investigación en Biodiversidad Evolución y Conservación (BEC), Universidad EAFIT, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mariana Cruz-Moncada
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Escuela de Ciencias, Grupo de investigación en Biodiversidad Evolución y Conservación (BEC), Universidad EAFIT, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ronald Peláez-Sánchez
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas, Escuela de Graduados, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan Fernando Díaz-Nieto
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Escuela de Ciencias, Grupo de investigación en Biodiversidad Evolución y Conservación (BEC), Universidad EAFIT, Medellín, Colombia
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Concurrent infection of intestinal parasites and Helicobacter pylori among school-age children in Central Ethiopia. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2020; 11:e00177. [PMID: 32944660 PMCID: PMC7481810 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2020.e00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coinfection of multiple intestinal microbial pathogens plays an important role in individuals harboring these organisms. However, data on magnitude and risk factors are scarce from resource limited settings. Objective We examined the prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasites and Helicobacter pylori co-infection among young Ethiopian school children. Method Data from a total of 434 Ethiopian school children from the Ziway region were analyzed in the study. Stool antigen and blood serum antibody tests were used to detect H. pylori, while the presence of any intestinal parasites was detected using direct wet mount microscopy and formol-ether concentration techniques. A structured questionnaire was delivered to mothers and legal guardians of the children by an interviewer to collect data relevant demographic and lifestyle factors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association of these sociodemographic characteristics with the coinfection of H. pylori and intestinal parasites. Results The prevalence of coinfection with any intestinal parasites and Helicobacter pylori was 23.0% (n = 92/400). Univariate analysis showed an increased risk for co-infection among children whose mothers had non-formal education (COR: 1.917, p < 0.01) and those who had no history of child vaccination (COR: 3.455, p = 0.084). Children aged 10–14 and those who lived in a house that had a flush or ventilated latrine were found at lower odds of coinfection between intestinal parasites and Helicobacter pylori (COR: 0.670, p = 0.382; COR: 0.189, p = 0.108). Multivariate regression analysis showed increased odds of co-infection among children whose mothers had non-formal education (AOR: 1.978, p < 0.01). Maternal education was also associated with a two-fold increase in odds for H. pylori and any protozoa co-infection (AOR: 2.047, p < 0.01). Conclusion Our study shows a moderate prevalence of H. pylori and intestinal parasite co-infection and identified maternal education as a significant risk factor among school children.
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Leonardi M, La Marca G, Pajola B, Perandin F, Ligozzi M, Pomari E. Assessment of real-time PCR for Helicobacter pylori DNA detection in stool with co-infection of intestinal parasites: a comparative study of DNA extraction methods. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:131. [PMID: 32448186 PMCID: PMC7247253 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01824-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies reported high prevalence of H. pylori infection among patients co-infected with intestinal parasites. Molecular approach for the DNA detection of those microbes in stool have been proposed. However there are a few reports that evaluated the effect of bead-beating in relation to the H. pylori outcome. Therefore, we developed and evaluated two TaqMan-based real-time PCR (rt-PCR) qualitative assays for the detection of ureC (glmM) and cagA of Helicobacter pylori on DNA extracted by three procedures. Results The two PCRs were analysed on 100 stool samples from patients who were screened for intestinal parasites. Three DNA extraction procedures were used: 1) automation with bead beating, 2) automation without bead beating and 3) hand column. The specificity of the new assays was confirmed by sequencing the PCR products and by the lack of cross-reactivity with other bacteria or pathogens DNA. Rt-PCR assays showed a detection limit of 10^4 bacteria/200 mg stool. The ureC_PCR with bead beating process was compared to conventional stool antigen test (SAT), with 94.12 and 93.75% of respectively sensitivity and specificity. However, the discordant samples were confirmed by DNA sequencing suggesting a potential higher sensitivity and specificity of PCR. Conclusions Our findings showed that the automation with bead-beating –suggested procedure for intestinal parasitic infections- can reach highly sensitive results in H. pylori detection on stool compared also with SAT. Thus, this work can provide new insights into the practice of a clinical microbiology laboratory in order to optimize detection of gastro-intestinal infections. Further studies are needed to better define the clinical value of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Leonardi
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni, 5 - 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia La Marca
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni, 5 - 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Pajola
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni, 5 - 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Perandin
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni, 5 - 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Ligozzi
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Pomari
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni, 5 - 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy.
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Whary MT, Avenia JMR, Bravo LE, Lofgren JL, Lertpiriyapong K, Mera-Giler R, Piazuelo MB, Correa P, Peek RM, Wilson KT, Fox JG. Contrasting serum biomarker profiles in two Colombian populations with different risks for progression of premalignant gastric lesions during chronic Helicobacter pylori infection. Cancer Epidemiol 2020; 67:101726. [PMID: 32447242 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colombians in coastal Tumaco have a lower incidence of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer compared to individuals from Tuquerres in the high Andes. This is despite nearly universal prevalence of H. pylori infection and chronic gastritis. METHODS H. pylori infection was confirmed by Steiner stain and serology using African and European-origin strains. Gastric histology and serum inflammatory biomarkers in dyspeptic Tumaco or Tuquerres patients were evaluated to predict progression of gastric lesions. RESULTS H. pylori infection was nearly universal by Steiner stain and serology. IgG response to European-origin H. pylori strains were greater than African-origin. High gastric cancer-risk Tuquerres patients, compared to low-risk Tumaco, had significant odds ratios for lesion progression associated with serum IL-5, trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), and low pepsinogen I/II ratio. Sensitivity and specificity for these parameters was 63.8% and 67.9%, respectively, with correctly classifying patients at 66.7%. Most odds ratios for 26 other biomarkers were significant for the town of residency, indicating an environmental impact on Tumaco patients associated with decreased lesion progression. CONCLUSION An IL-5 association with progression of gastric lesions is novel and could be evaluated in addition to TFF3 and pepsinogen I/II ratio as a non-invasive prognostic screen. Results suggest Tumaco patients were exposed to infectious diseases beyond H. pylori such as the documented high incidence of helminthiasis and toxoplasmosis. IMPACT Results support a prior recommendation to evaluate TFF3 and pepsinogen I/II together to predict aggressive gastric histology. Our data indicate IL-5 should be further evaluated as prognostic parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Whary
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Luis E Bravo
- Department of Pathology, Universidad Del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Jennifer L Lofgren
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kvin Lertpiriyapong
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robertino Mera-Giler
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pelayo Correa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Fuenmayor-Boscán A, Hernández-Rincón I, Arismendi-Morillo G, Mengual E, Rivero Z, Romero G, Lizarzábal M, Álvarez-Mon M. Changes in the severity of gastric mucosal inflammation associated with Helicobacter pylori in humans coinfected with intestinal helminths. Indian J Gastroenterol 2020; 39:186-195. [PMID: 32436176 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-020-01023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though a few studies in animal models suggest that intestinal helminths (IH) favorably affect evolution of gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) the studies supporting this concept in humans are only a few and are based on serological data. METHODS To evaluate the possible influence of IH on the human gastric mucosa, three groups of Venezuelan adults with gastropathy (endoscopically diagnosed) were studied: H. pylori-/IH- (n = 17), H. pylori+/IH- (n = 18), and H. pylori+/IH+ (n = 11). Histological analysis (hematoxylin-eosin) and immunohistochemical staining (peroxidase) for cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and interleukin 4 (IL-4) were undertaken in gastric antral biopsies. RESULTS Expression of the four cytokines was detected in all individuals in varying degrees, but proinflammatory cytokines were expressed in a higher degree in the H. pylori+/IH- group, mainly IL-1β (Th1-dominant immune response), associated with a higher degree of both histological inflammation and gastric cancer risk index (GCRI), as compared to the H. pylori-/IH- group. In contrast, an increased expression of IL-4 and a reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines (Th2-dominant response), plus the tendency to a lower degree of mononuclear infiltration, mucosal atrophy in gastric corpus, and GCRI, were evidenced in the coinfected group. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study is perhaps the first histological evidence of a possible modulatory effect of IH on the gastric mucosal inflammatory response due to H. pylori infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisbeth Fuenmayor-Boscán
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela de Bioanálisis, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela. .,Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Edificio Ciencia y Salud, planta baja, Avenida 18 con calle 65, Apartado Postal 15165, Maracaibo, Venezuela.
| | - Ileana Hernández-Rincón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas "Doctores Orlando Castejón y Haydée V. Castejón", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Gabriel Arismendi-Morillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas "Doctores Orlando Castejón y Haydée V. Castejón", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Edgardo Mengual
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas "Doctores Orlando Castejón y Haydée V. Castejón", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Zulbey Rivero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela de Bioanálisis, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Gisela Romero
- Postgrado de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Maribel Lizarzábal
- Postgrado de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune y Oncológicas, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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Song M, Piazuelo MB, Camargo MC. HTLV-1 infection and health outcomes. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 20:406-407. [PMID: 32222205 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minkyo Song
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | | | - Maria Constanza Camargo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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12
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Seeger AY, Ringling MD, Zohair H, Blanke SR. Risk factors associated with gastric malignancy during chronic Helicobacter pylori Infection. MEDICAL RESEARCH ARCHIVES 2020; 8:2068. [PMID: 37655156 PMCID: PMC10470974 DOI: 10.18103/mra.v8i3.2068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is considered to be the single most important risk factor for the development of gastric adenocarcinoma in humans, which is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Nonetheless, Hp infection does not always progress to malignancy, and, gastric adenocarcinoma can occur in the absence of detectable Hp carriage, highlighting the complex and multifactorial nature of gastric cancer. Here we review known contributors to gastric malignancy, including Hp virulence factors, host genetic variation, and multiple environmental variables. In addition, we assess emerging evidence that resident gastric microflora in humans might impact disease progression in Hp-infected individuals. Molecular approaches for microbe identification have revealed differences in the gastric microbiota composition between cancer and non-cancerous patients, as well as infected and uninfected individuals. Although the reasons underlying differences in microbial community structures are not entirely understood, gastric atrophy and hypochlorhydria that accompany chronic Hp infection may be a critical driver of gastric dysbiosis that promote colonization of microbes that contribute to increased risk of malignancy. Defining the importance and role of the gastric microbiota as a potential risk factor for Hp-associated gastric cancer is a vital and exciting area of current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Y. Seeger
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Megan D. Ringling
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Huzaifa Zohair
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Steven R. Blanke
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
- Biomedical and Translational Sciences Department, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
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Bustamante-Rengifo JA, Matta AJ, Pazos AJ, Bravo LE. Effect of treatment failure on the CagA EPIYA motif in Helicobacter pylori strains from Colombian subjects. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:1980-1989. [PMID: 28373764 PMCID: PMC5360639 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i11.1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate effect of treatment failure on cagA and vacA genotypes in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) isolates from Colombia.
METHODS One hundred and seventy-six participants infected with H. pylori from Colombia were treated during 14 d with the triple-standard therapy. Six weeks later, eradication was evaluated by 13C-Urea breath test. Patients with treatment failure were subjected to endoscopy control; biopsies obtained were used for histopathology and culture. DNA from H. pylori isolates was amplified using primers specific for cagA and vacA genes. The phylogenetic relationships among isolates obtained before and after treatment were established by conglomerate analysis based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting.
RESULTS Treatment effectiveness was at 74.6%. Of the participants with treatment failure, 25 accepted subjected to a second endoscopy. Prevalence of post-treatment infection was 64% (16/25) and 40% (10/25) by histology and culture, respectively. Upon comparing the cagA and vacA genotypes found before and after therapy, multiple cagA genotypes (cagA-positive and cagA-negative) were found before treatment; in contrast, cagA-negative genotypes decreased after treatment. vacA s1m1 genotype was highly prevalent in patients before and after therapy. The 3’cagA region was successfully amplified in 95.5% (21/22) of the isolates obtained before and in 81.8% (18/22) of the isolates obtained after treatment. In the isolates obtained from patients with treatment failure, it was found that 72.7% (16/22) presented alterations in the number of EPIYA motifs, compared to isolates found before treatment.
CONCLUSION Unsuccessful treatment limits colonization by low-virulence strains resulting in partial and selective eradication in mixed infections, and acts on the cagA-positive strains inducing genetic rearrangements in cagA variable region that produces a loss or gain of EPIYA repetitions.
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Fuenmayor-Boscán AD, Hernández IM, Valero KJ, Paz AM, Sandrea LB, Rivero Z. Association between Helicobacter pylori and intestinal parasites in an Añu indigenous community of Venezuela. Indian J Gastroenterol 2016; 35:106-12. [PMID: 27138927 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-016-0641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and enteroparasite infections are highly prevalent in populations with poor living conditions, like the Amerindian communities. Identifying associations between both types of infectious agents could help to detect shared risk factors or transmission routes in these minority ethnic groups. Therefore, the prevalence and association between Hp and enteroparasites were investigated in an indigenous community whose living conditions favor such infectious diseases. METHODS Seropositivity (anti-Hp-specific IgG) and active infection (stool antigen test), intestinal parasitosis (direct and concentrated coproparasitological test, methylene blue, and Kinyoun stains), and risk factors for fecal-oral transmission were determined in 167 children and 151 adults of the Añu indigenous community living at the Sinamaica Lagoon, in Venezuela. RESULTS A high rate of Hp infection (seropositivity and active infection) and enteroparasitosis was evidenced, as expected. Some significant associations were detected: direct associations between Hp and polyparasitic infection, helminths, and protozoan (particularly in children); inverse association between Hp and Giardia lamblia. No shared epidemiological factors were identified for Hp and the detected intestinal parasites, probably due to overlapping factors. CONCLUSION Direct associations detected support the participation of the fecal-oral route in the transmission of the involved infectious agents. Inverse relationship (Hp) and G. lamblia may suggest the existence of antagonistic interactions between them. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisbeth D Fuenmayor-Boscán
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología. Escuela de Bioanálisis, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela.
| | - Ileana M Hernández
- Facultad de Medicina Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Kutchynskaya J Valero
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología. Escuela de Bioanálisis, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - América M Paz
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología. Escuela de Bioanálisis, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Lisette B Sandrea
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología. Escuela de Bioanálisis, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Zulbey Rivero
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología. Escuela de Bioanálisis, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
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Ghasemian Safaei H, Faghri J, Moghim S, Nasr Esfahani B, Fazeli H, Makvandi M, Adib M, Rashidi N. Production of IFN-γ and IL-4 Against Intact Catalase and Constructed Catalase Epitopes of Helicobacter pylori From T-Cells. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e24697. [PMID: 26862387 PMCID: PMC4741185 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.24697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is highly prevalent in the developing countries. It causes gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastrocarcinoma. Treatment with drugs and antibiotics is problematic due to the following reasons: cost, resistance to antibiotics, prolonged treatment and using multiple drugs. Catalase is highly conserved among the Helicobacter species and is important to the survival of the organism. It is expressed in high amounts and is exposed to the surface of this bacterium; therefore it represents a suitable candidate vaccine antigen. Objectives: A suitable approach in H. pylori vaccinology is the administration of epitope based vaccines. Therefore the responses of T-cells (IFN-γ and IL-4 production) against the catalase of H. pylori were determined. Then the quality of the immune responses against intact catalase and three epitopes of catalase were compared. Materials and Methods: In this study, a composition of three epitopes of the H. pylori catalase was selected based on Propred software. The effect of catalase epitopes on T-cells were assayed and immune responses identified. Results: The results of IFN-γ, IL-4 production against antigens, epitopes, and recombinant catalase by T-cells were compared for better understanding of epitope efficiency. Conclusions: The current research demonstrated that epitope sequence stimulates cellular immune responses effectively. In addition, increased safety and potency as well as a reduction in time and cost were advantages of this method. Authors are going to use this sequence as a suitable vaccine candidate for further research on animal models and humans in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajieh Ghasemian Safaei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Jamshid Faghri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Sharareh Moghim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Bahram Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Fazeli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Manoochehr Makvandi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Minoo Adib
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Niloufar Rashidi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Paramedical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Research Institute for Infectious Disease of Digestive System, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Niloufar Rashidi, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Paramedical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9131942891, Fax: +98-6133738330, E-mail:
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Abstract
The term “immune” pertains to the body keeping itself free from diseases, not to trigger any diseases. In this regard, it makes sense for us to divide antigenicity into immunogenicity and allergenicity. This distinction allows for the characterization of all types of modern antigens, i.e., to evaluate and modify a priori the allergenicity of an antigen before it is applied to humans. In this chapter, we also formulated the hypothesis that “Balanced Stimulation by Whole Antigens” is essential for immune development. This hypothesis revives the practicality of the “Hygiene Hypothesis” and can provide a fundamental solution to curb the increasing prevalence of allergic disease, namely, early exposure, at 0–1 year old or earlier, in utero, of representative allergens/protein antigens with immunogenicity retained or improved and allergenicity attenuated or eliminated.
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Gulley ML, Morgan DR. Molecular oncology testing in resource-limited settings. J Mol Diagn 2014; 16:601-11. [PMID: 25242061 PMCID: PMC4210462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer prevalence and mortality are high in developing nations, where resources for cancer control are inadequate. Nearly one-quarter of cancers in resource-limited nations are infection related, and molecular assays can capitalize on this relationship by detecting pertinent pathogen genomes and human gene variants to identify those at highest risk for progression to cancer, to classify lesions, to predict effective therapy, and to monitor tumor burden over time. Prime examples are human papillomavirus in cervical neoplasia, Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus in gastric adenocarcinoma and lymphoma, and hepatitis B or C virus in hepatocellular cancer. Research is underway to engineer devices that overcome social, economic, and technical barriers limiting effective laboratory support. Additional challenges include an educated workforce, infrastructure for quality metrics and record keeping, and funds to sustain molecular test services. The combination of well-designed interfaces, novel and robust electrochemical technology, and telemedicine tools will promote adoption by frontline providers. Fast turnaround is crucial for surmounting loss to follow-up, although increased use of cell phones, even in rural areas, enhances options for patient education and engagement. Links to a broadband network facilitate consultation and centralized storage of medical data. Molecular technology shows promise to address gaps in health care through rapid, user-friendly, and cost-effective devices reflecting clinical priorities in resource-poor areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Gulley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Douglas R Morgan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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18
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Cañón-Franco WA, López-Orozco N, Gómez-Marín JE, Dubey JP. An overview of seventy years of research (1944-2014) on toxoplasmosis in Colombia, South America. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:427. [PMID: 25190525 PMCID: PMC4262115 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper summarizes prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in humans and animals and associated correlates of infection, clinical spectrum of disease in humans, and genetic diversity of T. gondii isolates from Colombia. Recent studies, especially in the states of Antioquia, Quindío and Cundinamarca, indicate that toxoplasmosis is a major public health problem. Approximately half of the women of child bearing age have T. gondii antibodies, and the clinical disease in congenitally infected children is more severe than in Europe. Limited studies indicate that the strains of T. gondii from Colombia are genetically and phenotypically different than in Europe and North America. However, epidemiological factors, such as the involvement of domestic and/or wild animals in transmission, the distribution of strain diversity by natural geographic regions, and the variation in risk factors between regions that are associated with human infection in Colombia, remain unknown. Areas of research for the future are outlined. This review should be of interest to biologists, veterinarians, physicians, and parasitologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Alberto Cañón-Franco
- />Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-270 Brasil
- />Laboratorio de Parasitología Veterinaria, Departamento de Salud Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 No. 26-10, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Natalia López-Orozco
- />Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-270 Brasil
| | - Jorge Enrique Gómez-Marín
- />Grupo de Estudio en Parasitología Molecular (GEPAMOL), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad del Quindío, Av. Bolivar 12 N, Armenia (Quindío), Colombia
| | - Jitender P Dubey
- />United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350 USA
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Hagymási K, Tulassay Z. Helicobacter pylori infection: New pathogenetic and clinical aspects. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:6386-6399. [PMID: 24914360 PMCID: PMC4047324 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i21.6386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infects more than half of the world’s human population, but only 1% to 3% of infected people consequently develop gastric adenocarcinomas. The clinical outcome of the infection is determined by host genetic predisposition, bacterial virulence factors, and environmental factors. The association between H. pylori infection and chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric cell carcinoma, and B cell mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma has been well established. With the exception of unexplained iron deficiency anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, H. pylori infection has no proven role in extraintestinal diseases. On the other hand, there is data showing that H. pylori infection could be beneficial for some human diseases. The unpredictability of the long-term consequences of H. pylori infection and the economic challenge in eradicating it is why identification of high-risk individuals is crucial.
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Whary MT, Muthupalani S, Ge Z, Feng Y, Lofgren J, Shi HN, Taylor NS, Correa P, Versalovic J, Wang TC, Fox JG. Helminth co-infection in Helicobacter pylori infected INS-GAS mice attenuates gastric premalignant lesions of epithelial dysplasia and glandular atrophy and preserves colonization resistance of the stomach to lower bowel microbiota. Microbes Infect 2014; 16:345-55. [PMID: 24513446 PMCID: PMC4030519 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Higher prevalence of helminth infections in Helicobacter pylori infected children was suggested to potentially lower the life-time risk for gastric adenocarcinoma. In rodent models, helminth co-infection does not reduce Helicobacter-induced inflammation but delays progression of pre-malignant gastric lesions. Because gastric cancer in INS-GAS mice is promoted by intestinal microflora, the impact of Heligmosomoides polygyrus co-infection on H. pylori-associated gastric lesions and microflora were evaluated. Male INS-GAS mice co-infected with H. pylori and H. polygyrus for 5 months were assessed for gastrointestinal lesions, inflammation-related mRNA expression, FoxP3(+) cells, epithelial proliferation, and gastric colonization with H. pylori and Altered Schaedler Flora. Despite similar gastric inflammation and high levels of proinflammatory mRNA, helminth co-infection increased FoxP3(+) cells in the corpus and reduced H. pylori-associated gastric atrophy (p < 0.04), dysplasia (p < 0.02) and prevented H. pylori-induced changes in the gastric flora (p < 0.05). This is the first evidence of helminth infection reducing H. pylori-induced gastric lesions while inhibiting changes in gastric flora, consistent with prior observations that gastric colonization with enteric microbiota accelerated gastric lesions in INS-GAS mice. Identifying how helminths reduce gastric premalignant lesions and impact bacterial colonization of the H. pylori infected stomach could lead to new treatment strategies to inhibit progression from chronic gastritis to cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Whary
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | | | - Zhongming Ge
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yan Feng
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Lofgren
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hai Ning Shi
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy S Taylor
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pelayo Correa
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James Versalovic
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in Colombian school children. J Pediatr 2014; 164:542-5.e1. [PMID: 24332822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine prevalence for functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in Colombian school children using the Questionnaire on Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms-Rome III Version (QPGS-III) and to determine possible risk factors. STUDY DESIGN The QPGS-III was translated into Spanish then reverse translated by a team of bilingual physicians. Focus groups of Colombian children were conducted to assure understanding of the Spanish version. Children at 1 public school and 2 private schools in Pasto, Colombia were invited to participate in a prevalence study using the translated questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 373 children (95 private school, 278 public school), with mean age 9.9 years completed the QPGS-III. Twenty-nine percent of children were diagnosed with FGIDs. FGIDs were more common in females (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.04-2.56). Functional constipation (14%) was the most common FGID. Irritable bowel syndrome was the most common abdominal pain-related FGID (5.4%). Abdominal migraine (1%) and cyclic vomiting syndrome (0.3%) were the least common FGIDs. CONCLUSION FGIDs are common in Colombian school children.
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Bustamante-Rengifo JA, Matta AJ, Pazos A, Bravo LE. In vitro effect of amoxicillin and clarithromycin on the 3’ region of cagA gene in Helicobacter pylori isolates. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:6044-6054. [PMID: 24106405 PMCID: PMC3785626 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i36.6044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the in vitro effect of amoxicillin and clarithromycin on the cag pathogenicity island (cag PAI).
METHODS: One hundred and forty-nine clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) cultured from gastric biopsies from 206 Colombian patients with dyspeptic symptoms from a high-risk area for gastric cancer were included as study material. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the agar dilution method. Resistant isolates at baseline and in amoxicillin and clarithromycin serial dilutions were subjected to genotyping (cagA, vacA alleles s and m), Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) polymerase chain reaction and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Images of the RAPD amplicons were analyzed by Gel-Pro Analyzer 4.5 program. Cluster analyses was done using SPSS 15.0 statistical package, where each of the fingerprint bands were denoted as variables. Dendrograms were designed by following Ward’s clustering method and the estimation of distances between each pair of H. pylori isolates was calculated with the squared Euclidean distance.
RESULTS: Resistance rates were 4% for amoxicillin and 2.7% for clarithromycin with 2% double resistances. Genotyping evidenced a high prevalence of the genotype cagA-positive/vacA s1m1. The 3’ region of cagA gene was successfully amplified in 92.3% (12/13) of the baseline resistant isolates and in 60% (36/60) of the resistant isolates growing in antibiotic dilutions. Upon observing the distribution of the number of EPIYA repetitions in each dilution with respect to baseline isolates, it was found that in 61.5% (8/13) of the baseline isolates, a change in the number of EPIYA repetitions lowered antibiotic pressure. The gain and loss of EPIYA motifs resulted in a diversity of H. pylori subclones after bacterial adjustment to changing conditions product of antibiotic pressure. RAPD PCR evidenced the close clonal relationship between baseline isolates and isolates growing in antibiotic dilutions.
CONCLUSION: Antibiotic pressure does not induce loss of the cag pathogenicity island, but it can lead - in most cases - to genetic rearrangements within the 3’ region cagA of the founding bacteria that can affect the level of tyrosine phosphorylation impacting on its cellular effects and lead to divergence of cagA-positive subclones.
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Abstract
This review concerned the important pediatric studies published between April 2012 and March 2013. Symptomatology in Helicobacter pylori-positive children is nonspecific, except for those suffering from peptic ulcer diseases. Investigation of H. pylori status in children and adolescents with sideropenic anemia is recommended, and it is the aim of several studies worldwide. Associations of H. pylori with plasma ghrelin levels as well as the negative association of H. pylori with atopic disease were interesting objectives for several studies this year. Success rates of sequential therapy tended to be lower in recent studies than in previous trials, which probably reflects the increase in macrolide resistance. A beneficial effect of probiotics was reported although not all trials supported this result in children. Intrafamilial transmission and young age could be major risk factors associated with reinfection in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Alarcón
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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Bonequi P, Meneses-González F, Correa P, Rabkin CS, Camargo MC. Risk factors for gastric cancer in Latin America: a meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:217-31. [PMID: 23224270 PMCID: PMC3961831 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-0110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Latin America has among the highest gastric cancer incidence rates in the world, for reasons that are still unknown. In order to identify region-specific risk factors for gastric cancer, we conducted a meta-analysis summarizing published literature. METHODS Searches of PubMed and regional databases for relevant studies published up to December 2011 yielded a total of 29 independent case-control studies. We calculated summary odds ratios (OR) for risk factors reported in at least five studies, including socioeconomic status (education), lifestyle habits (smoking and alcohol use), dietary factors (consumption of fruits, total vegetables, green vegetables, chili pepper, total meat, processed meat, red meat, fish, and salt), and host genetic variants (IL1B-511T, IL1B-31C, IL1RN*2, TNFA-308A, TP53 codon 72 Arg, and GSTM1 null). Study-specific ORs were extracted and summarized using random-effects models. RESULTS Chili pepper was the only region-specific factor reported in at least five studies. Consistent with multifactorial pathogenesis, smoking, alcohol use, high consumption of red meat or processed meat, excessive salt intake, and carriage of IL1RN*2 were each associated with a moderate increase in gastric cancer risk. Conversely, higher levels of education, fruit consumption, and total vegetable consumption were each associated with a moderately decreased risk. The other exposures were not significantly associated. No prospective study data were identified. CONCLUSION Risk factor associations for gastric cancer in Latin America are based on case-control comparisons that have uncertain reliability, particularly with regard to diet; the specific factors identified and their magnitudes of association are largely similar to those globally recognized. Future studies should emphasize prospective data collection and focus on region-specific exposures that may explain high gastric cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Bonequi
- Programa de Residencia en Epidemiología, Dirección General Adjunta de Epidemiología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernando Meneses-González
- Programa de Residencia en Epidemiología, Dirección General Adjunta de Epidemiología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pelayo Correa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Charles S. Rabkin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - M. Constanza Camargo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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