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Chandra M, Fokom Domgue J, Yu R, Shete S. Association of perceived neighborhood air quality problems with attempt to quit cigarette smoking: a cross-sectional study in Texas. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1392065. [PMID: 39131574 PMCID: PMC11310064 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1392065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoking is the major preventable cause of premature deaths in the United States. Attempting to quit smoking is an important step toward smoking cessation. Although it has been studied extensively, limited information on the association between attempts to quit smoking and neighborhood air quality problems is available. Therefore, we examined the association between attempts to quit smoking in the past year and perceived neighborhood air quality problems among adult Texans who smoke. Methods In 2018, a cross-sectional multistage area probability design-based survey was administered to collect sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related information from a representative sample of 2050 Texas residents. The current study included 486 adult respondents who reported smoking within the past 12 months. The association between attempts to quit smoking and perceived neighborhood air quality (measured by self-reported problems with neighborhood air quality) was examined using a population-weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results Overall, 60.7% of the 486 respondents attempted to quit cigarette smoking. The prevalence of attempting to quit was 74.6% for those reporting perceived neighborhood air quality problems. In the multivariable analysis, a higher likelihood of attempting to quit smoking was found among individuals with perceived neighborhood air quality problems (AOR: 1.906 [1.104-3.289]) and those who were married or living as married (AOR: 1.876 [1.161-3.033]). The likelihood of attempts to quit smoking was lower among males (AOR: 0.629 [0.397-0.995]) and decreased with age (AOR: 0.968 [0.951-0.984]). Discussion The perceived neighborhood air quality problems were found to independently predict attempts to quit cigarette smoking in Texas. To encourage quitting smoking among individuals living in neighborhoods with poor air quality, such neighborhoods should receive tailored and evidence-based interventions to improve community education, social support, and healthcare professionals' assistance to quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Chandra
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joel Fokom Domgue
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sanjay Shete
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Weber TL, Selya A, Wakschlag LS, Dierker L, Rose JS, Hedeker D, Mermelstein RJ. The effect of maternal smoking on offspring smoking is unrelated to heritable personality traits or initial subjective experiences. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:1754-1762. [PMID: 33912956 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal smoking is a risk factor for offspring smoking. Lifetime maternal smoking vs. prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) appear to act through different mechanisms. This study tested the hypothesis that maternal smoking measures' effects on offspring smoking could be attributable to hereditary mechanisms: personality traits (novelty-seeking, impulsivity, neuroticism, self-esteem) and initial subjective smoking experiences (pleasurable, unpleasurable, dizziness). METHODS Data were drawn from the Social and Emotional Contexts of Adolescent Smoking Patterns (SECASP) study, an 8-year longitudinal study of 9 th or 10 th graders at baseline (≈age 15) who experiment with smoking (<100 lifetime cigarettes; N=594) at baseline. Young adult smoking frequency at the 8-year follow-up (≈age 23) was examined as a function of baseline characteristics (heritable trait, maternal smoking, PTE, sex) and baseline smoking frequency and nicotine dependence. Structural equation models determined whether inclusion of each heritable trait among offspring confounded the effects of maternal smoking (PTE or maternal smoking) on offspring smoking and nicotine dependence. RESULTS Impulsiveness was associated with intermediate adolescent smoking frequency (B=0.135, SD=0.043 p=0.002) and nicotine dependence (B=0.012, SD=0.003, p<0.001). Unpleasurable first experience (B=0.886, SD=0.374, p=0.018) and dizziness (B=0.629, SD=0.293, p=0.032) showed a trend with intermediate smoking frequency that was non-significant after correcting for multiple comparisons. These traits did not confound maternal smoking's effects. CONCLUSIONS None of the heritable traits examined in this model explained the effect of maternal smoking measures on adolescence or young adulthood offspring smoking. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism by which PTE and maternal smoking are linked to offspring smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess L Weber
- Behavioral Sciences Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Arielle Selya
- Behavioral Sciences Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD.,Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD.,Pinney Associates, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Lauren S Wakschlag
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine and Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University Chicago, IL
| | - Lisa Dierker
- Department of Psychology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT
| | - Jennifer S Rose
- Department of Psychology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT
| | - Don Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Robin J Mermelstein
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Picot-Ngo C, Kivits J, Chevreul K. Réduire le tabagisme dans les prisons : éléments théoriques et méthodologiques nécessaires à la co-construction d’une intervention en contexte pénitentiaire. Glob Health Promot 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1757975921993434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Révélateur des inégalités sociales de santé, le tabagisme en établissement pénitentiaire exige des interventions visant sa réduction d’être adaptées aux spécificités du milieu carcéral. Dans le cadre de la recherche interventionnelle TABAPRI, nous avons mobilisé une première étude sociologique afin d’apporter des connaissances sur cette problématique. Une enquête a été réalisée au sein de trois établissements pénitentiaires, précédant les phases de construction, d’implémentation et d’évaluation de l’intervention. Cet article décrit d’une part la démarche méthodologique et d’autre part, la contribution de la sociologie, tant dans ses apports conceptuels que méthodologiques, à la construction d’une intervention. Notre travail a notamment souligné l’importance d’aménager des espaces d’échange permettant aux professionnels et aux personnes détenues de construire ensemble les modalités d'intervention qui participent à la réduction du tabagisme en détention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Picot-Ngo
- UMR 1123 Eceve, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Observatoire français des drogues et des toxicomanies (OFDT), Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Kivits
- Université de Lorraine, Unité « Adaptation, mesure et évaluation en santé. Approches interdisciplinaires » (APEMAC), Nancy, France
| | - Karine Chevreul
- UMR 1123 Eceve, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Université de Paris, Paris, France
- URC Eco Île-de-France (AP-HP, Hôtel Dieu), Paris, France
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4
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Jiang S, Yang T, Bullen C, Chen J, Yu L, Peng S, Rockett IRH. Real-world unassisted quit success and related contextual factors: a population-based study of Chinese male smokers. Tob Control 2020; 30:498-504. [PMID: 32675250 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and tobacco advertising with unassisted smoking cessation among Chinese male smokers. METHODS A questionnaire was administered to 6500 male adult smokers from six cities in China selected in a cross-sectional multistage sampling design. The survey collected self-reported demographic characteristics, smoking and cessation status, SHS exposure and tobacco advertising exposure, with 5782 valid questionnaires included in this study. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of unassisted smoking cessation with exposure to SHS and tobacco advertising. RESULTS 42.1% of smokers who made unassisted quit attempts achieved abstinence (95% CI 32.5% to 51.7%). SHS (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.36; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.71; p=0.033) and tobacco advertising exposure (aOR 0.63; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.95; p=0.039) were negatively associated with unassisted smoking cessation. CONCLUSION The vast majority of Chinese male smokers rely on unassisted methods to quit smoking. Success prevalence is high, which is very beneficial to health. This study suggests that exposure to secondhand smoking and tobacco advertising hinders the success of unassisted cessation. These findings speak to the need for environmental tobacco control measures to promote unassisted smoking cessation among Chinese adult male smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Jiang
- School of Humanities and Management, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingzhong Yang
- Children's Hospital/Center for Tobacco Control Research, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Christopher Bullen
- National Institute for Health Innovation, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jinsong Chen
- National Institute for Health Innovation, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lingwei Yu
- Center for Tobacco Control Research, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sihui Peng
- Center for Tobacco Control Research, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ian R H Rockett
- Department of Epidemiology, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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Abstract
Background Continued smoking after receiving a diagnosis of cancer seriously affects disease prognosis and survival. The prevalence and risk factors of continued smoking among patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer are unknown in Taiwan. Purpose The aims of this study were to assess the smoking status of patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer and to identify the characteristics that are associated with different smoking statuses. Methods Baseline data of a longitudinal study on smoking behaviors after lung cancer diagnosis were analyzed in this study. Patients were consecutively recruited from three medical centers in northern Taiwan. A structured questionnaire and medical chart reviews were used to collect data. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine the factors associated with continuing to smoke after being diagnosed with lung cancer. Results Among the 406 patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer who were recruited, 47.0% were never-smokers and 53.0% were ever-smokers. Among the second group, 38% were former smokers, 18% were recent quitters, and 44% were current smokers. Compared with former smokers, current smokers were more likely to be younger (OR = 1.05), to not exercise regularly (OR = 2.74), to currently live with smokers (OR = 2.48), and to have lower self-efficacy for refusing to smoke (OR = 0.95). Compared with recent quitters, current smokers were more likely to have lower self-efficacy for refusing to smoke. Conclusions/Implications for Practice A significant proportion of ever-smoker lung cancer patients in Taiwan will continue to smoke after receiving their diagnosis. Variables known to modify the risk factors associated with continued smoking such as regular exercise and better refusal self-efficacy should be considered and incorporated into future smoking cessation programs for patients with lung cancer.
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Selya AS, Ivanov O, Bachman A, Wheat D. Youth smoking and anti-smoking policies in North Dakota: a system dynamics simulation study. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2019; 14:34. [PMID: 31429769 PMCID: PMC6701071 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-019-0219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study utilizes system dynamics to model the determinants of youth smoking and simulate effects of anti-smoking policies in the context of North Dakota, a state with one of the lowest cigarette tax rates in the USA. METHODS An explanatory model was built to replicate historical trends in the youth smoking rate. Three different policies were simulated: 1) an increase in cigarette excise taxes; 2) increased funding for CDC-recommended comprehensive tobacco control programs; and 3) enforcement of increased retailer compliance with age restrictions on cigarette sales. RESULTS The explanatory model successfully replicated historical trends in adolescent smoking behavior in North Dakota from 1992 to 2014. The policy model showed that increasing taxes to $2.20 per pack starting in 2015 was the most effective of the three policies, producing a 32.6% reduction in youth smoking rate by 2032. Other policies reduced smoking by a much lesser degree (7.0 and 3.2% for comprehensive tobacco control program funding and retailer compliance, respectively). The effects of each policy were additive. CONCLUSIONS System dynamics modeling suggests that increasing cigarette excise taxes are particularly effective at reducing adolescent smoking rates. More generally, system dynamics offers an important complement to conventional analysis of observational data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle S Selya
- Department of Population Health, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
- Behavioral Sciences Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
| | - Oleksandr Ivanov
- System Dynamics Group, Department of Geography, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Abigail Bachman
- Department of Population Health, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
- Research Department, Altru Health System, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - David Wheat
- System Dynamics Group, Department of Geography, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Selya AS, Thapa S, Mehta G. Earlier smoking after waking and the risk of asthma: a cross-sectional study using NHANES data. BMC Pulm Med 2018; 18:102. [PMID: 29914472 PMCID: PMC6006732 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-018-0672-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent research shows that nicotine dependence conveys additional health risks above and beyond smoking behavior. The current study examines whether smoking within 5 min of waking, an indicator of nicotine dependence, is independently associated with asthma outcomes. Methods Data were drawn from five pooled cross-sectional waves (2005–14) of NHANES, and the final sample consisted of N = 4081 current adult smokers. Weighted logistic regressions were run examining the relationship between smoking within 5 min of waking and outcomes of lifetime asthma, past-year asthma, and having had an asthma attack in the past year. Control variables included demographics, smoking behavior, family history of asthma, depression, obesity, and secondhand smoking exposure. Results After adjusting for smoking behavior, smoking within 5 min was associated with an approximately 50% increase in the odds of lifetime asthma (OR = 1.46, p = .008) and past-year asthma (OR = 1.47, p = .024), respectively. After additionally adjusting for demographics and other asthma risk factors, smoking within 5 min of waking was associated with a four-fold increase in the odds of lifetime asthma (OR = 4.05, p = .015). Conclusions Smoking within 5 min of waking, an indicator of nicotine dependence, is associated with a significantly increased risk of lifetime asthma in smokers. These findings could be utilized in refining risk assessment of asthma among smokers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12890-018-0672-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle S Selya
- Master of Public Health Program, Department of Population Health, University of North Dakota, 1301 North Columbia Rd. Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA.
| | - Sunita Thapa
- Master of Public Health Program, Department of Population Health, University of North Dakota, 1301 North Columbia Rd. Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA.,Department of Public Policy, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Ave, Suite 1200, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Gaurav Mehta
- Master of Public Health Program, Department of Population Health, University of North Dakota, 1301 North Columbia Rd. Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
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Braverman Bronstein A, Lomelín Gascón J, Eugenio González CI, Barrientos-Gutierrez T. Environmental Tobacco Exposure and Urinary Cotinine Levels in Smoking and Nonsmoking Adolescents. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 20:523-526. [PMID: 28582526 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective We aimed to evaluate the association between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and urinary cotinine levels in current adolescent smokers and nonsmokers. The secondary objective was to explore the association between ETS exposure and nicotine dependence in adolescent smokers. Methods Using the results from a validation study for the 2012 Global Youth Tobacco Survey in Mexico, we quantified urinary cotinine levels in adolescent smokers and nonsmokers. We fitted a multivariate regression model to assess the association between household exposure to ETS and cotinine levels in adolescent smokers and nonsmokers. In addition, using the questionnaire's answers for morning cravings, we fitted a multivariate Poisson regression model to explore the association between household ETS exposure and nicotine dependence in adolescent smokers. Results For each day of household ETS exposure, cotinine levels increase by 5% in adolescent smokers compared to a 2% increase in nonsmokers, adjusting for the number of cigarettes smoked per week, age and sex (exp(β) 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.00, 1.10]; p = .041). Morning cravings increase 11% for each day of household ETS exposure adjusting for the number of cigarettes smoked per week, age and sex (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.11; 95% CI [0.99, 1.25]; p = .064). Conclusions There is an association between ETS exposure and cotinine levels, and ETS may contribute to nicotine dependence in adolescent smokers. If confirmed, avoiding ETS exposure could prove helpful for addiction control and quitting in adolescents. Implications Evidence suggests that ETS increases cotinine levels in nonsmokers and adult smokers. However, no study has explored the association between ETS exposure and cotinine levels and addiction in adolescent smokers. This paper provides evidence of an association between ETS exposure and cotinine levels in adolescent smokers: each day of environmental tobacco smoke exposure at home increased cotinine levels by 5% among smokers. In addition, morning cravings in adolescent smokers increased 11% for every day of ETS exposure. ETS exposure is a significant source of nicotine for adolescent smokers and could play an important role in addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariela Braverman Bronstein
- National Institute of Public Health, Center for Population Health Research, Departament of Reproductive Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Julieta Lomelín Gascón
- National Institute of Public Health, Center for Population Health Research, Departament of Reproductive Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico.,School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutierrez
- National Institute of Public Health, Center for Population Health Research, Departament of Reproductive Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Living with Smoker(s) and Smoking Cessation in Chinese Adult Smokers: Cross-Sectional and Prospective Evidence from Hong Kong Population Health Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15010074. [PMID: 29304007 PMCID: PMC5800173 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background: Results on the environmental influence on unassisted quitting are scarce. We investigated the associations of living with smoker(s) with quitting in Chinese adult smokers. Methods: We examined both cross-sectional and prospective data in the Hong Kong Population Health Survey recruited participants in 2003/04, and followed up to 2006. Unconditional logistic regression yielded adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of (i) planning to quit, (ii) ex-smoking (cross-sectional), and quitting (prospective) for living with smoker(s). 1679 ever smokers aged 18+ years at baseline, and 323 of them who were successfully followed-up were included in the cross-sectional, and prospective analysis. Results: At baseline, living with smoker(s) was significantly associated with lower odds of planning to quit in current smokers (AOR 0.41, 95% CI 0.25–0.68), and lower odds of ex-smoking (AOR 0.45, 95% CI 0.34–0.58), particularly if the smoker(s) smoked inside home (AOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.26–0.47). Prospectively, living with smoker(s) non-significantly predicted lower odds of new quitting (AOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.13–1.78). Conclusions: Our study has provided the first evidence in a Chinese general population that living with smoker(s) is an important barrier against smoking cessation. To boost quit rate in nonusers of smoking cessation services, smoking at home should be banned, especially for populations living in crowed urban environments that are typical of economically developed cities in China.
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McGrath JJ, Racicot S, Okoli CTC, Hammond SK, O'Loughlin J. Airborne Nicotine, Secondhand Smoke, and Precursors to Adolescent Smoking. Pediatrics 2018; 141:S63-S74. [PMID: 29292307 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-1026j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Secondhand smoke (SHS) directly increases exposure to airborne nicotine, tobacco's main psychoactive substance. When exposed to SHS, nonsmokers inhale 60% to 80% of airborne nicotine, absorb concentrations similar to those absorbed by smokers, and display high levels of nicotine biomarkers. Social modeling, or observing other smokers, is a well-established predictor of smoking during adolescence. Observing smokers also leads to increased pharmacological exposure to airborne nicotine via SHS. The objective of this study is to investigate whether greater exposure to airborne nicotine via SHS increases the risk for smoking initiation precursors among never-smoking adolescents. METHODS Secondary students (N = 406; never-smokers: n = 338, 53% girls, mean age = 12.9, SD = 0.4) participated in the AdoQuest II longitudinal cohort. They answered questionnaires about social exposure to smoking (parents, siblings, peers) and known smoking precursors (eg, expected benefits and/or costs, SHS aversion, smoking susceptibility, and nicotine dependence symptoms). Saliva and hair samples were collected to derive biomarkers of cotinine and nicotine. Adolescents wore a passive monitor for 1 week to measure airborne nicotine. RESULTS Higher airborne nicotine was significantly associated with greater expected benefits (R2 = 0.024) and lower expected costs (R2 = 0.014). Higher social exposure was significantly associated with more temptation to try smoking (R2 = 0.025), lower aversion to SHS (R2 = 0.038), and greater smoking susceptibility (R2 = 0.071). Greater social exposure was significantly associated with more nicotine dependence symptoms; this relation worsened with higher nicotine exposure (cotinine R2 = 0.096; airborne nicotine R2 = 0.088). CONCLUSIONS Airborne nicotine exposure via SHS is a plausible risk factor for smoking initiation during adolescence. Public health implications include limiting airborne nicotine through smoking bans in homes and cars, in addition to stringent restrictions for e-cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J McGrath
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada;
| | | | | | - S Katharine Hammond
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California; and
| | - Jennifer O'Loughlin
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Brody AL, Zorick T, Hubert R, Hellemann GS, Balali S, Kawasaki SS, Garcia LY, Enoki R, Abraham P, Young P, McCreary C. Combination Extended Smoking Cessation Treatment Plus Home Visits for Smokers With Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nicotine Tob Res 2016; 19:68-76. [PMID: 27613888 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The majority of people with schizophrenia have a diagnosis of tobacco dependence during their lifetime. A major obstacle to reducing the burden of cigarette smoking in this population is that these smokers have lower quit rates when undergoing standard treatment compared to smokers with no mental illness. We sought to determine if combination extended treatment (COMB-EXT) and home visits (HV) would lead to improved outcomes in smokers with schizophrenia. METHODS Thirty-four cigarette smokers with schizophrenia completed either COMB-EXT with HV, COMB-EXT without HV, or treatment as usual (TAU) (random assignment). COMB-EXT consisted of group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), bupropion, nicotine patch, and nicotine lozenge, which were initiated within 2 weeks and continued for 26 weekly visits. HV consisted of biweekly visits to the home with assessment of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and brief behavioral therapy with participants and others in the home environment. TAU consisted of group CBT plus serial single or combination medication trials as per standard care. RESULTS Smokers with schizophrenia who received COMB-EXT (with or without HV) had greater reductions in cigarettes per day than those treated with TAU (both ps < .01). In addition, 7-day point prevalence abstinence rates for the three groups were 45%, 20%, and 8%, respectively, which was significantly higher for COMB-EXT plus HV than TAU (χ2(1) = 4.8, p = .03). Groups did not differ significantly in the number of adverse events, and HV were easily scheduled. CONCLUSION COMB-EXT improves outcomes for smokers with schizophrenia. HV appeared to provide additional benefit for smoking cessation in this treatment-resistant population. IMPLICATIONS The clear benefit found here of rapidly initiated, combination, extended treatment over TAU suggests that aggressive and extended treatment should be considered in clinical practice for smokers with schizophrenia. Furthermore, HV to address SHS exposure showed initial promise for assisting smokers with schizophrenia in maintaining abstinence, indicating that this intervention may be worthy of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur L Brody
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA; .,Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Todd Zorick
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Robert Hubert
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Gerhard S Hellemann
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Shabnam Balali
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sarah S Kawasaki
- Department of Primary Care, Health Care for the Homeless, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lizette Y Garcia
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ryutaro Enoki
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Paul Abraham
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Paulina Young
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Charles McCreary
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to review the available literature relating to smoking cessation (SC) for the male prisoner population. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH Databases PubMed, CINAHL and MEDLINE were searched for English language studies from 1990 to 2012. The authors identified 12 papers examining SC in male prisoners. Full-text articles were analysed for inclusion. FINDINGS A total of 12 studies were identified for inclusion. Four studies focused on forced abstinence (a smoking ban) while the remainder looked at various combinations of nicotine replacement, pharmacology and behavioural techniques. No robust studies were found that examined nursing approaches to SC for the prisoner population. The evidence shows a strong "pro-smoking" culture in prison and that many prisoners continue to smoke irrespective of an enforced ban. However, SC strategies can be successful if implemented systematically and supported by consistent policies. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS Female-only prisoner studies were excluded as females comprise just 7 per cent of the Australian prisoner population. The analysis does not differentiate between maximum- or minimum-security prisons, or length of prison sentence. Results cannot be generalised to other forms of detention such as police custody or immigration detention centres. Studies were not appraised for quality, as exclusion on that basis would render further exploration untenable. The analysis was presented in a narrative rather than meta-analytical format and may be subject to interpretation. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS This paper provides a foundation on which to build further research evidence into the smoking behaviour of prisoners. This information can be used to advocate for healthier public policy for a vulnerable and marginalised population. ORIGINALITY/VALUE To the authors' knowledge, this is the first literature review into SC interventions in prisons. The authors apply the findings of this literature review to the five strategies for health promotion to propose a population approach to smoking cessation in male prisoners. Recommendations specific to the correctional environment are outlined for consideration by correctional health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Djachenko
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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Okoli CTC, Rayens MK, Wiggins AT, Ickes MJ, Butler KM, Hahn EJ. Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure and susceptibility to smoking, perceived addiction, and psychobehavioral symptoms among college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2016; 64:96-103. [PMID: 26503903 PMCID: PMC5523056 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2015.1074240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure with susceptibility to smoking, perceived addiction, and psychobehavioral effects of exposure among never- and ever-smoking college students. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 665 college students at a large, southeastern university in the United States. METHODS This study is a secondary analysis of online cross-sectional survey data from randomly selected students in April 2013. RESULTS Thirty-eight percent of the sample had moderate to high SHS exposure. Among never-smokers, SHS exposure was associated with increased susceptibility to initiating smoking. Among ever-smokers, SHS exposure was not associated with their perceived addiction to tobacco. In the total sample, SHS exposure was associated with greater psychobehavioral symptoms of exposure. CONCLUSIONS SHS exposure may the increase risk of smoking, especially among never-smoking college students. This study strengthens the need for prevention strategies that limit SHS exposure in college environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Kay Rayens
- a University of Kentucky College of Nursing Lexington , Kentucky
| | - Amanda T Wiggins
- a University of Kentucky College of Nursing Lexington , Kentucky
| | - Melinda J Ickes
- b University of Kentucky College of Education Lexington , Kentucky
| | - Karen M Butler
- a University of Kentucky College of Nursing Lexington , Kentucky
| | - Ellen J Hahn
- a University of Kentucky College of Nursing Lexington , Kentucky
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Okoli CT, Kodet J. A systematic review of secondhand tobacco smoke exposure and smoking behaviors: Smoking status, susceptibility, initiation, dependence, and cessation. Addict Behav 2015; 47:22-32. [PMID: 25863004 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between secondhand tobacco smoke exposure (SHSe) and smoking behaviors (smoking status, susceptibility, initiation, dependence, and cessation). METHODS Terms and keywords relevant to smoking behaviors and secondhand tobacco smoke exposure were used in a search of the PubMed database. Searches were limited to English language peer-reviewed studies up till December 2013. Included papers: a) had clearly defined measures of SHSe and b) had clearly defined measures of outcome variables of interest. A total of 119 studies were initially retrieved and reviewed. After further review of references from the retrieved studies, 35 studies were finally selected that met all eligibility criteria. RESULTS The reviewed studies consisted of thirty-five (89.7%) studies with differing measures of SHSe (including questionnaire and biological measures) and varying definitions of main outcome variables of interest between studies. The majority of the studies (77%) were cross-sectional in nature. The majority of studies found that SHSe was associated with greater likelihood of being a smoker, increased susceptibility and initiation of smoking, greater nicotine dependence among nonsmokers, and poorer smoking cessation. CONCLUSIONS The review found positive associations between SHSe and smoking status, susceptibility, initiation and nicotine dependence and a negative association with smoking cessation. In light of design limitations, future prospective and clinical studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms whereby SHSe influences smoking behaviors.
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Okoli C, Kodet J, Robertson H. Behavioral and Physiological Responses to Nicotine Patch Administration Among Nonsmokers Based on Acute and Chronic Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure. Biol Res Nurs 2015; 18:60-7. [PMID: 25882603 DOI: 10.1177/1099800415579261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the large amount that is known about the physical health effects of secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure, little is known about the behavioral health effects. Nicotine, the principle psychoactive substance in SHS, elicits subjective mood and physiological responses in nonsmokers. However, no studies have examined the subjective mood or physiological responses to nicotine in nonsmokers while accounting for prior chronic or acute SHS exposure. METHODS A 7-mg nicotine patch was administered to 17 adult nonsmokers for 2 hr. Main outcome measures obtained at ½ hr, 1 hr, and 2 hr were subjective behavioral drug effects (based on eleven 10-cm Visual Analog Scales [VASs]) and the physiological measures of heart rate, blood pressure, and serum nicotine levels. Analysis of outcome data was based on participants' chronic (using hair nicotine) or acute (using saliva cotinine) SHS exposure. RESULTS Greater chronic SHS exposure was negatively associated with pleasurable responses to nicotine administration ("drug feels good" score at 2-hr time point, Spearman's ρ = -.65, p < .004), whereas greater acute SHS exposure was associated with positive responses ("like feeling of drug" score at 2-hr time point, Spearman's ρ = .63, p < .01). There were no associations between chronic or acute exposure and physiological changes in response to nicotine administration. DISCUSSION The findings of this study may be useful in providing preliminary empirical data for future explorations of the mechanism whereby SHS exposure can influence behavioral outcomes in nonsmokers. Such studies can inform future interventions to reduce the physical and behavioral health risks associated with SHS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizimuzo Okoli
- University of Kentucky College of Nursing, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jonathan Kodet
- University of Kentucky College of Nursing, Lexington, KY, USA
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Racicot S, McGrath JJ. Development and psychometric properties of the Social Smoking Situations (S(3)) Scale: an enhanced measure of social exposure to smoking during adolescence. Addict Behav 2015; 41:256-62. [PMID: 25452074 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Common questions of exposure to smoking, such as number of parents, siblings, or friends who smoke, fail to capture the contexts in which the exposure occurs. This study developed the Social Smoking Situations (S(3)) Scale to more precisely measure contextual exposure to smoking during adolescence. Informed by the cue-reactivity literature and using informal focus groups, items of contextual exposure to smoking were generated for three categories of smokers: parents, siblings, and peers. Participants (N=761; Mage=15.6, SD=1.3; 61.4% female) were recruited as part of the AdoQuest Study in Montreal, QC. Principal components analysis was used to identify the component structure of the parent, sibling, and peer versions of the S(3) Scale. S(3) scores were computed subsequently to test their association with smoking behavior and smoking expectancies. Further, S(3) scores were compared with common questions (i.e., number of smokers) via univariate modeling to determine which would generate larger estimates of effect size when predicting smoking behavior and smoking expectancies. Overall, S(3) scores generated larger estimates than common questions; this finding was consistent across the parent (ORavg: 2.59 vs. 1.36), sibling (ORavg: 3.44 vs. 1.59), and peer (ORavg: 3.89 vs. 1.38) versions. The S(3) Scale is a new psychometrically sound instrument that may provide a more robust measurement of social exposure to smoking during adolescence. Importantly, it has the potential to strengthen prevention programming and intervention efforts aimed at adolescents, as it could depict a more precise portrait of the individual and contextual sources of social exposure to smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Racicot
- Pediatric Public Health Psychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Jennifer J McGrath
- Pediatric Public Health Psychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, H4B 1R6, Canada.
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Lindsay RP, Tsoh JY, Sung HY, Max W. Secondhand smoke exposure and serum cotinine levels among current smokers in the USA. Tob Control 2014; 25:224-31. [PMID: 25398561 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondhand smoke (SHS) likely provides additional exposure to nicotine and toxins for smokers, but has been understudied. Our objective was to determine whether SHS exposure among smokers yields detectable differences in cotinine levels compared with unexposed smokers at the population level. METHODS Using the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the years 1999-2012, we compared serum cotinine levels of 4547 current adult cigarette smokers stratified by self-reported SHS exposure sources (home and/or work) and smoking intensity. A weighted multivariable linear regression model determined the association between SHS exposure and cotinine levels among smokers. RESULTS Smokers with SHS exposure at home (43.8%) had higher cotinine levels (β=0.483, p≤0.001) compared with those with no SHS exposure at home after controlling for the number of cigarettes smoked per day and number of days smoked in the previous 5 days, survey year, age, gender and education. Smokers with SHS exposure at work (20.0%) did not have significantly higher cotinine levels after adjustment. The adjusted geometric mean cotinine levels of light smokers (1-9 cigarettes per day) with no SHS exposure, exposure at work only, home only, and both home and work were 52.0, 62.7, 67.2, 74.4 ng/mL, respectively, compared with 219.4, 220.9, 255.2, 250.5 ng/mL among moderate/heavy smokers (≥10 cigarettes per day). CONCLUSIONS Smokers living in residences where others smoke inside the home had significantly higher cotinine levels than smokers reporting no SHS exposure, regardless of individual smoking intensity. Future research should target the role that SHS exposure may have in nicotine dependence, cessation outcomes and other health impacts among smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Lindsay
- Master of Public Health Program, Idaho State University-Meridian Campus, Meridian, Idaho, USA
| | - Janice Y Tsoh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hai-Yen Sung
- Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wendy Max
- Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Okoli CTC, Khara M. Correlates of secondhand tobacco smoke exposure among individuals with a history of substance use and/or psychiatric disorders participating in a tobacco treatment program in Vancouver, Canada. Community Ment Health J 2014; 50:729-36. [PMID: 24337583 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-013-9691-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with substance use (SUD) and/or psychiatric disorders (PD) are disproportionately affected by tobacco use; yet, little is known about secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure in these populations. An analysis of existing data examined SHS exposure among 497 smokers in community clinics in Vancouver, Canada. Seventy-percent of the participants reported SHS exposure. In sex-stratified multivariate logistic regression analyses correlates of SHS exposure among women were not having a history of using evidence-based smoking cessation treatment and using a single substance (as compared to a polysubstance use history); whereas among men, a history of a respiratory illness and higher nicotine dependence were associated with SHS exposure. Despite limitations about the measures of SHS exposure used in the study, these findings suggest a need to further determine the risks associated with SHS exposure and tobacco use among individuals with SUD and/or PD within mental health and addictions treatment settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizimuzo T C Okoli
- University of Kentucky College of Nursing, 315 College of Nursing Building, Lexington, KY, 40536-0232, USA,
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Chen FL, Chen PY, Tung TH, Huang YC, Tsai MC. The role of betel-quid chewing in smoking cessation among workers in Taiwan. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:755. [PMID: 25065303 PMCID: PMC4131024 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current smokers exhibit a higher rate of betel-quid chewing than non-smokers. However, little is known regarding the extent to which betel-quid chewing may affect attempts to quit smoking and smoking cessation. The aim of the present study is to examine the association between betel-quid chewing and patterns of quitting smoking. Specifically, we explore whether betel-quid chewing is associated with (1) current smokers who have never attempted to quit versus those who have attempted to quit and have failed, those who are in the process of quitting, and successful cessation smokers, and (2) current smokers who have attempted to quit and have failed versus those who have successfully quit smoking. METHODS A telephone survey of 7,215 workers was conducted and obtained an 88.6% response rate. In the survey, the respondents' smoking and betel-quid chewing statuses were recorded and a list of covariates was assessed. RESULTS After controlling for the effect of the covariates, betel-quid chewing was found to be more highly associated with current smokers who have never attempted to quit, compared to current smokers who are in the process of quitting (OR = 12.72; 95% CI = 1.05-154.26), successful cessation smokers (OR = 3.62; 95% CI = 2.32-5.65), and smokers who have attempted to quit and have failed (OR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.06-1.77), respectively. In addition, betel-quid chewing is more highly associated with a failure to quit smoking than with successfully quitting smoking (OR = 3.46; 95% CI = 2.17-5.51). CONCLUSION The findings support four plausible reasons why betel-quid chewing may dissuade smokers from quitting. These reasons highlight additional avenues for potentially reducing the smoking population in workplaces, such as considering work contexts and social norms, and product sales in smoking-cessation campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Li Chen
- />Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No.510, Jongjheng Rd., Sinjhuang, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Peter Y Chen
- />Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama USA
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- />Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No.510, Jongjheng Rd., Sinjhuang, New Taipei city, Taiwan
- />Department of Medical Research and Education, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Huang
- />Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No.510, Jongjheng Rd., Sinjhuang, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- />Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No.510, Jongjheng Rd., Sinjhuang, New Taipei city, Taiwan
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Prugger C, Wellmann J, Heidrich J, De Bacquer D, Perier MC, Empana JP, Reiner Ž, Fras Z, Jennings C, Kotseva K, Wood D, Keil U. Passive smoking and smoking cessation among patients with coronary heart disease across Europe: results from the EUROASPIRE III survey. Eur Heart J 2013; 35:590-8. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christof Prugger
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wellmann
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Heidrich
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk De Bacquer
- Department of Public Health, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie-Cécile Perier
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Empana
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Fras
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Catriona Jennings
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kornelia Kotseva
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Wood
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Keil
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Wang MP, Ho SY, Lo WS, Lam TH. Secondhand smoke exposure and health services use among adolescent current smokers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64322. [PMID: 23667706 PMCID: PMC3648531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the associations of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure with medical consultation and hospitalisation among adolescents in Hong Kong. Methods A total of 35827 secondary 1 (US grade 7) to secondary 5 students from 85 randomly selected schools completed an anonymous questionnaire on smoking, SHS at home, SHS outside home, medical consultation in the past 14 days, hospitalisation in the past 12 months, and socio-demographic characteristics. Current smoking was defined as any smoking in the past 30 days. SHS exposure was classified as none (reference), 1–4 and 5–7 days/week. Logistic regression yielded adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for medical consultation and hospitalisation in relation to SHS exposure at home and outside home in current smokers. Analyses were also done among never-smokers for comparison. Results Among all students, 15.9% had medical consultation and 5.2% had been hospitalised. Any SHS exposure at home was associated with AORs (95% CI) for medical consultation and hospitalisation of 1.69 (1.14–2.51) and 2.85 (1.47–5.52) in current smokers, and 1.03 (0.91–1.15) and 1.25 (1.02–1.54) in never-smokers, respectively, (P<0.01 for interaction between smoking status and SHS exposure at home). SHS exposure outside home was generally not associated with medical consultation and hospitalisation in smokers and never-smokers. Conclusions SHS exposure at home was associated with health services use among adolescent current smokers. Adolescent smokers should be aware of the harm of SHS in addition to that from their own smoking. The evidence helps health care professionals to advise adolescent smokers to avoid SHS exposure and stop smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Ping Wang
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Sai Yin Ho
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- * E-mail:
| | - Wing Sze Lo
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Tai Hing Lam
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Smoking family, secondhand smoke exposure at home, and nicotine addiction among adolescent smokers. Addict Behav 2012; 37:743-6. [PMID: 22406053 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking family predicts adolescent smoking, but whether the level of nicotine addiction is affected by exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is unclear. We investigated the associations of smoking family and SHS exposure at home with morning smoking and heavier smoking among Chinese adolescent smokers. METHODS In a school-based anonymous survey, 2182 adolescent smokers reported their smoking behaviors, smoking status of family members and peers, and SHS exposure at home and outside home in the past 7 days. Families with one or more smoking members (excluding the subject) were classified as smoking families and otherwise as non-smoking families. Smoking or wanting to smoke first thing in the morning (morning smoking), and consuming more cigarettes (heavier smoking) denoted higher levels of nicotine addiction. Regression analysis yielded adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for morning smoking and β-coefficients for heavier smoking adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Living with siblings and other co-residing family members who smoked was significantly associated with morning smoking and heavier smoking. Compared with non-smoking families without SHS exposure at home, the AORs (95% CI) for morning smoking were 0.99 (0.76 to 1.29) for 0 day/week, 1.19 (0.95 to 1.50) for 1-3 days/week, 1.76 (1.41 to 2.21) for 4-7 days/week (p for trend <0.001) and 1.50 (1.23 to 1.83) for any days/week of SHS exposure at home in smoking families. Similarly, 4-6 days/week of SHS exposure at home significantly predicted heavier smoking. CONCLUSION Living with smoking family members and SHS exposure at home are associated with nicotine addiction in Chinese adolescent smokers.
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Wang MP, Ho SY, Lo WS, Lam TH. Smoking family, secondhand smoke exposure at home, and quitting in adolescent smokers. Nicotine Tob Res 2012; 15:185-91. [PMID: 22547778 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nts109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated the associations of smoking family and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure at home with quit attempts and smoking cessation among adolescents. METHODS Students from 85 randomly selected secondary schools in Hong Kong were surveyed using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire on SHS exposure at home and outside the home in the past 7 days, quit attempts, smoking cessation, sociodemographic characteristics, and smoking status of family members and peers. Families with 1 or more smoking members (excluding the subject) were classified as smoking families and otherwise as nonsmoking families. Logistic regression yielded adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for quit attempts and smoking cessation in smoking families with or without SHS exposure at home compared with nonsmoking families. RESULTS Of 4,361 students who had smoked in the past 12 months, 70.3% were living with smokers and 52.8% were exposed to SHS at home. Compared with nonsmoking families, the AORs (95% CI) for making at least 1 quit attempt in the past 12 months were 0.80 (0.61-1.05) for 0 day, 0.80 (0.63-1.04) for 1-3 days, and 0.65 (0.50-0.86) for 4-7 days of SHS exposure at home. The corresponding AORs (95% CI) for smoking cessation were 0.58 (0.48-0.70), 0.45 (0.35-0.58), and 0.49 (0.41-0.60) (p for trend <.001). Any SHS exposure at home was associated with 28% and 53% lower odds of quit attempts and smoking cessation, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Living with smoker(s) and especially being exposed to SHS at home may hinder quit attempts and smoking cessation among Chinese adolescent smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Ping Wang
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Brody AL, Mandelkern MA, London ED, Khan A, Kozman D, Costello MR, Vellios EE, Archie MM, Bascom R, Mukhin AG. Effect of secondhand smoke on occupancy of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in brain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 68:953-60. [PMID: 21536968 DOI: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Despite progress in tobacco control, secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure remains prevalent worldwide and is implicated in the initiation and maintenance of cigarette smoking. OBJECTIVE To determine whether moderate SHS exposure results in brain α(4)β(2)* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) occupancy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Positron emission tomography scanning and the radiotracer 2-[18F]fluoro-3-(2(S)azetidinylmethoxy) pyridine (also known as 2-[(18)F]fluoro-A-85380, or 2-FA) were used to determine α(4)β(2)* nAChR occupancy from SHS exposure in 24 young adult participants (11 moderately dependent cigarette smokers and 13 nonsmokers). Participants underwent two bolus-plus-continuous-infusion 2-FA positron emission tomography scanning sessions during which they sat in the passenger's seat of a car for 1 hour and either were exposed to moderate SHS or had no SHS exposure. The study took place at an academic positron emission tomography center. Main Outcome Measure Changes induced by SHS in 2-FA specific binding volume of distribution as a measure of α(4)β(2)* nAChR occupancy. RESULTS An overall multivariate analysis of variance using specific binding volume of distribution values revealed a significant main effect of condition (SHS vs control) (F(1,22) = 42.5, P < .001) but no between-group (smoker vs nonsmoker) effect. Exposure to SHS led to a mean 19% occupancy of brain α(4)β(2)* nAChRs (1-sample t test, 2-tailed, P < .001). Smokers had both a mean 23% increase in craving with SHS exposure and a correlation between thalamic α(4)β(2)* nAChR occupancy and craving alleviation with subsequent cigarette smoking (Spearman ρ = -0.74, P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Nicotine from SHS exposure results in substantial brain α(4)β(2)* nAChR occupancy in smokers and nonsmokers. Study findings suggest that such exposure delivers a priming dose of nicotine to the brain that contributes to continued cigarette use in smokers. This study has implications for both biological research into the link between SHS exposure and cigarette use and public policy regarding the need to limit SHS exposure in cars and other enclosed spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur L Brody
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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Wilson-Frederick SM, Williams CD, Garza MA, Navas-Acien A, Emerson MR, Ahmed S, Ford JG. Association of secondhand smoke exposure with nicotine dependence among Black smokers. Addict Behav 2011; 36:412-5. [PMID: 21239118 PMCID: PMC3575746 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is influenced by norms and regulations, socioeconomic status and immediate personal interactions. SHS exposure may occur in various settings, including the living space, workplace, and other social environments. This study examines the association between exposure to SHS and nicotine dependence among current smokers. METHODS A cross-sectional sample of 246 Black (60% male and 40% female) current smokers age 40 and older, from Baltimore, Maryland and Washington, D.C, responded to an interviewer-administered questionnaire. We examined nicotine dependence using clinical guidelines based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Text Revision (2000). We performed multivariate logistic regression to assess the association between SHS and nicotine dependence. RESULTS SHS exposure in the current home environment and exposure in settings outside the home, as well as difficulty to quit smoking and heaviness of smoking, were associated with nicotine dependence. After adjustment for age, gender, education, income, employment status, current alcohol consumption, history of marijuana use, and number of cigarettes smoked per day; exposure to SHS at home only, and in both current home environment and other settings, continued to be associated with clinically-defined nicotine dependence (OR=2.25; 95% CI 1.05, 4.86 vs. OR=2.31; 95% CI 1.03, 5.18), respectively. DISCUSSION These findings highlight the relative importance of examining SHS exposure in personal (residential and automobile) and public (workplace and outdoor) settings by current smokers. Promotion of smoke-free environments may reduce the prevalence of nicotine dependence among current smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mary A. Garza
- Department of Public and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mark R. Emerson
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Saifuddin Ahmed
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jean G. Ford
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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Chen YH, Chen PL, Huang WG, Chiou HY, Hsu CY, Chao KY. Association between social climate for smoking and youth smoking behaviors in Taiwan: An ecological study. Int J Nurs Stud 2010; 47:1253-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Revised: 12/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rayens MK, Hahn EJ, Nicholson D. Psychosocial characteristics of smokers interested in quitting. J Health Psychol 2010; 16:294-302. [PMID: 20631037 DOI: 10.1177/1359105310373410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose was to determine whether psychosocial factors are associated with cessation among smokers interested in quitting. This cross-sectional study included 403 current and former smokers enrolled in a 'Quit and Win' contest. After the quit period, data were collected via a telephone interview at three months post-baseline. Controlling for demographics and secondhand smoke exposure, lower depressive symptoms and more positive partner or friend support to quit predicted a greater likelihood of quitting. Integrated interventions that combine tobacco treatment with mental health strategies to reduce depressive symptoms and improve partner or friend interactions may be most effective with smokers interested in quitting.
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Davila EP, Zhao W, Byrne M, Webb M, Huang Y, Arheart K, Dietz N, Caban-Martinez A, Parker D, Lee DJ. Correlates of smoking quit attempts: Florida Tobacco Callback Survey, 2007. Tob Induc Dis 2009; 5:10. [PMID: 19563642 PMCID: PMC2717923 DOI: 10.1186/1617-9625-5-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The public health burden of tobacco-associated diseases in the USA remains high, in part because many people's attempts to quit are unsuccessful. This study examined factors associated with having lifetime or recent attempts to quit smoking among current smokers, based on a telephone survey of Florida adults. METHODS Data from the 2007 telephone-based Florida Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and its follow-up survey, the Tobacco Callback Survey, were used to assess determinants of having ever attempted to quit smoking and attempted to quit smoking in the past 12 months. All analyses were conducted using SAS. RESULTS Among 3,560 current smokers, 41.5% reported having tried to quit smoking in the past 12 months while 83.4% reported having ever tried to quit. Having a history of a tobacco-related medical condition was significantly associated with both recent (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 1.41 [Confidence Interval 1.19-1.65]) and lifetime quit attempts (AOR 1.43 [1.15-1.79]). Greater nicotine dependence and being advised by a physician to quit smoking were also positively associated with lifetime quit attempts. Receipt of healthcare provider advice to quit smoking in the past 12 months and a strong belief that quitting following a long history of regular smoking would not result in health benefits and belief that there are health benefits to quitting smoking were associated with lifetime quit attempts. CONCLUSION Targeted smoking cessation interventions are needed for smokers with selected medical conditions and with high nicotine dependence. The importance of physician advice in encouraging individuals to quit is further highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn P Davila
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Sylvester Biostatistics Core Resource, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, USA
| | - Monica Webb
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yougie Huang
- Florida Department of Health, Bureau of Epidemiology, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - Noella Dietz
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, USA
| | | | - Dorothy Parker
- Disparities and Community Outreach Core, University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - David J Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, USA
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