1
|
Comstock L, Carvalho VR, Lainscsek C, Fallah A, Sejnowski TJ. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Facilitates Neural Speech Decoding. Brain Sci 2024; 14:895. [PMID: 39335391 PMCID: PMC11430724 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14090895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been widely used to study the mechanisms that underlie motor output. Yet, the extent to which TMS acts upon the cortical neurons implicated in volitional motor commands and the focal limitations of TMS remain subject to debate. Previous research links TMS to improved subject performance in behavioral tasks, including a bias in phoneme discrimination. Our study replicates this result, which implies a causal relationship between electro-magnetic stimulation and psychomotor activity, and tests whether TMS-facilitated psychomotor activity recorded via electroencephalography (EEG) may thus serve as a superior input for neural decoding. First, we illustrate that site-specific TMS elicits a double dissociation in discrimination ability for two phoneme categories. Next, we perform a classification analysis on the EEG signals recorded during TMS and find a dissociation between the stimulation site and decoding accuracy that parallels the behavioral results. We observe weak to moderate evidence for the alternative hypothesis in a Bayesian analysis of group means, with more robust results upon stimulation to a brain region governing multiple phoneme features. Overall, task accuracy was a significant predictor of decoding accuracy for phoneme categories (F(1,135) = 11.51, p < 0.0009) and individual phonemes (F(1,119) = 13.56, p < 0.0003), providing new evidence for a causal link between TMS, neural function, and behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindy Comstock
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vinícius Rezende Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Claudia Lainscsek
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Institute for Neural Computation, UCSD, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Aria Fallah
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Terrence J. Sejnowski
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Institute for Neural Computation, UCSD, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, UCSD, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Perron M, Vuong V, Grassi MW, Imran A, Alain C. Engagement of the speech motor system in challenging speech perception: Activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e70023. [PMID: 39268584 PMCID: PMC11393483 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.70023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship between speech production and perception is a topic of ongoing debate. Some argue that there is little interaction between the two, while others claim they share representations and processes. One perspective suggests increased recruitment of the speech motor system in demanding listening situations to facilitate perception. However, uncertainties persist regarding the specific regions involved and the listening conditions influencing its engagement. This study used activation likelihood estimation in coordinate-based meta-analyses to investigate the neural overlap between speech production and three speech perception conditions: speech-in-noise, spectrally degraded speech and linguistically complex speech. Neural overlap was observed in the left frontal, insular and temporal regions. Key nodes included the left frontal operculum (FOC), left posterior lateral part of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), left planum temporale (PT), and left pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA). The left IFG activation was consistently observed during linguistic processing, suggesting sensitivity to the linguistic content of speech. In comparison, the left pre-SMA activation was observed when processing degraded and noisy signals, indicating sensitivity to signal quality. Activations of the left PT and FOC activation were noted in all conditions, with the posterior FOC area overlapping in all conditions. Our meta-analysis reveals context-independent (FOC, PT) and context-dependent (pre-SMA, posterior lateral IFG) regions within the speech motor system during challenging speech perception. These regions could contribute to sensorimotor integration and executive cognitive control for perception and production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Perron
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Veronica Vuong
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Music and Health Science Research Collaboratory, Faculty of Music, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madison W Grassi
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashna Imran
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claude Alain
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Music and Health Science Research Collaboratory, Faculty of Music, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Seghier ML. 7 T and beyond: toward a synergy between fMRI-based presurgical mapping at ultrahigh magnetic fields, AI, and robotic neurosurgery. Eur Radiol Exp 2024; 8:73. [PMID: 38945979 PMCID: PMC11214939 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-024-00472-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Presurgical evaluation with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can reduce postsurgical morbidity. Here, we discuss presurgical fMRI mapping at ultra-high magnetic fields (UHF), i.e., ≥ 7 T, in the light of the current growing interest in artificial intelligence (AI) and robot-assisted neurosurgery. The potential of submillimetre fMRI mapping can help better appreciate uncertainty on resection margins, though geometric distortions at UHF might lessen the accuracy of fMRI maps. A useful trade-off for UHF fMRI is to collect data with 1-mm isotropic resolution to ensure high sensitivity and subsequently a low risk of false negatives. Scanning at UHF might yield a revival interest in slow event-related fMRI, thereby offering a richer depiction of the dynamics of fMRI responses. The potential applications of AI concern denoising and artefact removal, generation of super-resolution fMRI maps, and accurate fusion or coregistration between anatomical and fMRI maps. The latter can benefit from the use of T1-weighted echo-planar imaging for better visualization of brain activations. Such AI-augmented fMRI maps would provide high-quality input data to robotic surgery systems, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of robot-assisted neurosurgery. Ultimately, the advancement in fMRI at UHF would promote clinically useful synergies between fMRI, AI, and robotic neurosurgery.Relevance statement This review highlights the potential synergies between fMRI at UHF, AI, and robotic neurosurgery in improving the accuracy and reliability of fMRI-based presurgical mapping.Key points• Presurgical fMRI mapping at UHF improves spatial resolution and sensitivity.• Slow event-related designs offer a richer depiction of fMRI responses dynamics.• AI can support denoising, artefact removal, and generation of super-resolution fMRI maps.• AI-augmented fMRI maps can provide high-quality input data to robotic surgery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed L Seghier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Healtcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Graves WW, Levinson HJ, Staples R, Boukrina O, Rothlein D, Purcell J. An inclusive multivariate approach to neural localization of language components. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:1243-1263. [PMID: 38693340 PMCID: PMC11147878 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
To determine how language is implemented in the brain, it is important to know which brain areas are primarily engaged in language processing and which are not. Existing protocols for localizing language are typically univariate, treating each small unit of brain volume as independent. One prominent example that focuses on the overall language network in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) uses a contrast between neural responses to sentences and sets of pseudowords (pronounceable nonwords). This contrast reliably activates peri-sylvian language areas but is less sensitive to extra-sylvian areas that are also known to support aspects of language such as word meanings (semantics). In this study, we assess areas where a multivariate, pattern-based approach shows high reproducibility across multiple measurements and participants, identifying these areas as multivariate regions of interest (mROI). We then perform a representational similarity analysis (RSA) of an fMRI dataset where participants made familiarity judgments on written words. We also compare those results to univariate regions of interest (uROI) taken from previous sentences > pseudowords contrasts. RSA with word stimuli defined in terms of their semantic distance showed greater correspondence with neural patterns in mROI than uROI. This was confirmed in two independent datasets, one involving single-word recognition, and the other focused on the meaning of noun-noun phrases by contrasting meaningful phrases > pseudowords. In all cases, areas of spatial overlap between mROI and uROI showed the greatest neural association. This suggests that ROIs defined in terms of multivariate reproducibility can help localize components of language such as semantics. The multivariate approach can also be extended to focus on other aspects of language such as phonology, and can be used along with the univariate approach for inclusively mapping language cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William W Graves
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Smith Hall, Room 301, 101 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
| | - Hillary J Levinson
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Smith Hall, Room 301, 101 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Ryan Staples
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fernandino L, Binder JR. How does the "default mode" network contribute to semantic cognition? BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2024; 252:105405. [PMID: 38579461 PMCID: PMC11135161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2024.105405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
This review examines whether and how the "default mode" network (DMN) contributes to semantic processing. We review evidence implicating the DMN in the processing of individual word meanings and in sentence- and discourse-level semantics. Next, we argue that the areas comprising the DMN contribute to semantic processing by coordinating and integrating the simultaneous activity of local neuronal ensembles across multiple unimodal and multimodal cortical regions, creating a transient, global neuronal ensemble. The resulting ensemble implements an integrated simulation of phenomenological experience - that is, an embodied situation model - constructed from various modalities of experiential memory traces. These situation models, we argue, are necessary not only for semantic processing but also for aspects of cognition that are not traditionally considered semantic. Although many aspects of this proposal remain provisional, we believe it provides new insights into the relationships between semantic and non-semantic cognition and into the functions of the DMN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Fernandino
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Jeffrey R Binder
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA; Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Comstock L. The role of research design in the reproducibility of L1 and L2 language networks: A review of bilingual neuroimaging meta-analyses. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2024; 249:105377. [PMID: 38171275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Meta-analyses are a method by which to increase the statistical power and generalizability of neuroimaging findings. In the neurolinguistics literature, meta-analyses have the potential to substantiate hypotheses about L1 and L2 processing networks and to reveal differences between the two that may escape detection in individual studies. Why then is there so little consensus between the reported findings of even the most recently published and most highly powered meta-analyses? Limitations in the literature, such as the absence of a common method to define and measure descriptive categories (e.g., proficiency level, degree of language exposure, age of acquisition, etc.) are often cited. An equally plausible explanation lies in the technical details of how individual meta-analyses are conducted. This paper provides a review of recent meta-analyses, with a discussion of their methodological choices and the possible effect those choices may have on the reported findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindy Comstock
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bajracharya A, Peelle JE. A systematic review of neuroimaging approaches to mapping language in individuals. JOURNAL OF NEUROLINGUISTICS 2023; 68:101163. [PMID: 37637379 PMCID: PMC10449384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2023.101163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Although researchers often rely on group-level fMRI results to draw conclusions about the neurobiology of language, doing so without accounting for the complexities of individual brains may reduce the validity of our findings. Furthermore, understanding brain organization in individuals is critically important for both basic science and clinical translation. To assess the state of single-subject language localization in the functional neuroimaging literature, we carried out a systematic review of studies published through April 2020. Out of 977 papers identified through our search, 121 met our inclusion criteria for reporting single-subject fMRI results (fMRI studies of language in adults that report task-based single-subject statistics). Of these, 20 papers reported using a single-subject test-retest analysis to assess reliability. Thus, we found that a relatively modest number of papers reporting single-subject results quantified single-subject reliability. These varied substantially in acquisition parameters, task design, and reliability measures, creating significant challenges for making comparisons across studies. Future endeavors to optimize the localization of language networks in individuals will benefit from the standardization and broader reporting of reliability metrics for different tasks and acquisition parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan E Peelle
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, and Department of Psychology, Northeastern University
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Deniz F, Tseng C, Wehbe L, Dupré la Tour T, Gallant JL. Semantic Representations during Language Comprehension Are Affected by Context. J Neurosci 2023; 43:3144-3158. [PMID: 36973013 PMCID: PMC10146529 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2459-21.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The meaning of words in natural language depends crucially on context. However, most neuroimaging studies of word meaning use isolated words and isolated sentences with little context. Because the brain may process natural language differently from how it processes simplified stimuli, there is a pressing need to determine whether prior results on word meaning generalize to natural language. fMRI was used to record human brain activity while four subjects (two female) read words in four conditions that vary in context: narratives, isolated sentences, blocks of semantically similar words, and isolated words. We then compared the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of evoked brain responses, and we used a voxelwise encoding modeling approach to compare the representation of semantic information across the four conditions. We find four consistent effects of varying context. First, stimuli with more context evoke brain responses with higher SNR across bilateral visual, temporal, parietal, and prefrontal cortices compared with stimuli with little context. Second, increasing context increases the representation of semantic information across bilateral temporal, parietal, and prefrontal cortices at the group level. In individual subjects, only natural language stimuli consistently evoke widespread representation of semantic information. Third, context affects voxel semantic tuning. Finally, models estimated using stimuli with little context do not generalize well to natural language. These results show that context has large effects on the quality of neuroimaging data and on the representation of meaning in the brain. Thus, neuroimaging studies that use stimuli with little context may not generalize well to the natural regime.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Context is an important part of understanding the meaning of natural language, but most neuroimaging studies of meaning use isolated words and isolated sentences with little context. Here, we examined whether the results of neuroimaging studies that use out-of-context stimuli generalize to natural language. We find that increasing context improves the quality of neuro-imaging data and changes where and how semantic information is represented in the brain. These results suggest that findings from studies using out-of-context stimuli may not generalize to natural language used in daily life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Deniz
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
- Institute of Software Engineering and Theoretical Computer Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Christine Tseng
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Leila Wehbe
- Machine Learning Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Tom Dupré la Tour
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Jack L Gallant
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Youssofzadeh V, Conant L, Stout J, Ustine C, Humphries C, Gross WL, Shah-Basak P, Mathis J, Awe E, Allen L, DeYoe EA, Carlson C, Anderson CT, Maganti R, Hermann B, Nair VA, Prabhakaran V, Meyerand B, Binder JR, Raghavan M. Late dominance of the right hemisphere during narrative comprehension. Neuroimage 2022; 264:119749. [PMID: 36379420 PMCID: PMC9772156 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PET and fMRI studies suggest that auditory narrative comprehension is supported by a bilateral multilobar cortical network. The superior temporal resolution of magnetoencephalography (MEG) makes it an attractive tool to investigate the dynamics of how different neuroanatomic substrates engage during narrative comprehension. Using beta-band power changes as a marker of cortical engagement, we studied MEG responses during an auditory story comprehension task in 31 healthy adults. The protocol consisted of two runs, each interleaving 7 blocks of the story comprehension task with 15 blocks of an auditorily presented math task as a control for phonological processing, working memory, and attention processes. Sources at the cortical surface were estimated with a frequency-resolved beamformer. Beta-band power was estimated in the frequency range of 16-24 Hz over 1-sec epochs starting from 400 msec after stimulus onset until the end of a story or math problem presentation. These power estimates were compared to 1-second epochs of data before the stimulus block onset. The task-related cortical engagement was inferred from beta-band power decrements. Group-level source activations were statistically compared using non-parametric permutation testing. A story-math contrast of beta-band power changes showed greater bilateral cortical engagement within the fusiform gyrus, inferior and middle temporal gyri, parahippocampal gyrus, and left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) during story comprehension. A math-story contrast of beta power decrements showed greater bilateral but left-lateralized engagement of the middle frontal gyrus and superior parietal lobule. The evolution of cortical engagement during five temporal windows across the presentation of stories showed significant involvement during the first interval of the narrative of bilateral opercular and insular regions as well as the ventral and lateral temporal cortex, extending more posteriorly on the left and medially on the right. Over time, there continued to be sustained right anterior ventral temporal engagement, with increasing involvement of the right anterior parahippocampal gyrus, STG, MTG, posterior superior temporal sulcus, inferior parietal lobule, frontal operculum, and insula, while left hemisphere engagement decreased. Our findings are consistent with prior imaging studies of narrative comprehension, but in addition, they demonstrate increasing right-lateralized engagement over the course of narratives, suggesting an important role for these right-hemispheric regions in semantic integration as well as social and pragmatic inference processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahab Youssofzadeh
- Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Corresponding author. (V. Youssofzadeh)
| | - Lisa Conant
- Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jeffrey Stout
- Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Candida Ustine
- Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - William L. Gross
- Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Jed Mathis
- Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Awe
- Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Linda Allen
- Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Edgar A. DeYoe
- Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Chad Carlson
- Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Rama Maganti
- Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bruce Hermann
- Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Veena A. Nair
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Vivek Prabhakaran
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA,Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA,Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Beth Meyerand
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA,Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA,Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Manoj Raghavan
- Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Proverbio AM, Tacchini M, Jiang K. Event-related brain potential markers of visual and auditory perception: A useful tool for brain computer interface systems. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:1025870. [PMID: 36523756 PMCID: PMC9744781 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1025870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A majority of BCI systems, enabling communication with patients with locked-in syndrome, are based on electroencephalogram (EEG) frequency analysis (e.g., linked to motor imagery) or P300 detection. Only recently, the use of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) has received much attention, especially for face or music recognition, but neuro-engineering research into this new approach has not been carried out yet. The aim of this study was to provide a variety of reliable ERP markers of visual and auditory perception for the development of new and more complex mind-reading systems for reconstructing the mental content from brain activity. METHODS A total of 30 participants were shown 280 color pictures (adult, infant, and animal faces; human bodies; written words; checkerboards; and objects) and 120 auditory files (speech, music, and affective vocalizations). This paradigm did not involve target selection to avoid artifactual waves linked to decision-making and response preparation (e.g., P300 and motor potentials), masking the neural signature of semantic representation. Overall, 12,000 ERP waveforms × 126 electrode channels (1 million 512,000 ERP waveforms) were processed and artifact-rejected. RESULTS Clear and distinct category-dependent markers of perceptual and cognitive processing were identified through statistical analyses, some of which were novel to the literature. Results are discussed from the view of current knowledge of ERP functional properties and with respect to machine learning classification methods previously applied to similar data. CONCLUSION The data showed a high level of accuracy (p ≤ 0.01) in the discriminating the perceptual categories eliciting the various electrical potentials by statistical analyses. Therefore, the ERP markers identified in this study could be significant tools for optimizing BCI systems [pattern recognition or artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms] applied to EEG/ERP signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Mado Proverbio
- Laboratory of Cognitive Electrophysiology, Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Tacchini
- Laboratory of Cognitive Electrophysiology, Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Kaijun Jiang
- Laboratory of Cognitive Electrophysiology, Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Diachek E, Morgan VL, Wilson SM. Adaptive Language Mapping Paradigms for Presurgical Language Mapping. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:1453-1459. [PMID: 36137653 PMCID: PMC9575518 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Functional MR imaging is widely used for preoperative language assessment in candidates for resective neurosurgery. Language mapping paradigms that are adaptive to participant performance have the potential to engage the language network more robustly and consistently, resulting in more accurate functional maps. The aim of the current study was to compare two adaptive paradigms with the recommended language mapping paradigms that constitute the current standard of care. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-three patients undergoing fMRI for language lateralization and/or localization completed an adaptive semantic matching paradigm, an adaptive phonological judgment paradigm, and two standard paradigms: sentence completion and word generation. The paradigms were compared in terms of the degree to which they yielded lateralized language maps and the extent of activation in frontal, temporal, and parietal language regions. RESULTS The adaptive semantic paradigm resulted in the most strongly lateralized activation maps, the greatest extent of frontal and temporal activations, and the greatest proportion of overall satisfactory language maps. The adaptive phonological paradigm identified anterior inferior parietal phonological encoding regions in most patients, unlike any of the other paradigms. CONCLUSIONS The adaptive language mapping paradigms investigated have several psychometric advantages compared with currently recommended paradigms. Adoption of these paradigms could increase the likelihood of obtaining satisfactory language maps in each individual patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Diachek
- From the Departments of Psychology and Human Development (E.D., S.M.W.)
| | - V L Morgan
- Biomedical Engineering (V.L.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Departments of Radiology and Radiological Sciences (V.L.M., S.M.W.)
- Neurological Surgery (V.L.M.)
| | - S M Wilson
- From the Departments of Psychology and Human Development (E.D., S.M.W.)
- Departments of Radiology and Radiological Sciences (V.L.M., S.M.W.)
- Hearing and Speech Sciences (S.M.W.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Massot-Tarrús A, Mirsattari SM. Roles of fMRI and Wada tests in the presurgical evaluation of language functions in temporal lobe epilepsy. Front Neurol 2022; 13:884730. [PMID: 36247757 PMCID: PMC9562037 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.884730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical treatment of pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) carries risks for language function that can significantly affect the quality of life. Predicting the risks of decline in language functions before surgery is, consequently, just as important as predicting the chances of becoming seizure-free. The intracarotid amobarbital test, generally known as the Wada test (WT), has been traditionally used to determine language lateralization and to estimate their potential decline after surgery. However, the test is invasive and it does not localize the language functions. Therefore, other noninvasive methods have been proposed, of which functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) has the greatest potential. Functional MRI allows localization of language areas. It has good concordance with the WT for language lateralization, and it is of predictive value for postsurgical naming outcomes. Consequently, fMRI has progressively replaced WT for presurgical language evaluation. The objective of this manuscript is to review the most relevant aspects of language functions in TLE and the current role of fMRI and WT in the presurgical evaluation of language. First, we will provide context by revising the language network distribution and the effects of TLE on them. Then, we will assess the functional outcomes following various forms of TLE surgery and measures to reduce postoperative language decline. Finally, we will discuss the current indications for WT and fMRI and the potential usefulness of the resting-state fMRI technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed M. Mirsattari
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lipkin B, Tuckute G, Affourtit J, Small H, Mineroff Z, Kean H, Jouravlev O, Rakocevic L, Pritchett B, Siegelman M, Hoeflin C, Pongos A, Blank IA, Struhl MK, Ivanova A, Shannon S, Sathe A, Hoffmann M, Nieto-Castañón A, Fedorenko E. Probabilistic atlas for the language network based on precision fMRI data from >800 individuals. Sci Data 2022; 9:529. [PMID: 36038572 PMCID: PMC9424256 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two analytic traditions characterize fMRI language research. One relies on averaging activations across individuals. This approach has limitations: because of inter-individual variability in the locations of language areas, any given voxel/vertex in a common brain space is part of the language network in some individuals but in others, may belong to a distinct network. An alternative approach relies on identifying language areas in each individual using a functional 'localizer'. Because of its greater sensitivity, functional resolution, and interpretability, functional localization is gaining popularity, but it is not always feasible, and cannot be applied retroactively to past studies. To bridge these disjoint approaches, we created a probabilistic functional atlas using fMRI data for an extensively validated language localizer in 806 individuals. This atlas enables estimating the probability that any given location in a common space belongs to the language network, and thus can help interpret group-level activation peaks and lesion locations, or select voxels/electrodes for analysis. More meaningful comparisons of findings across studies should increase robustness and replicability in language research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lipkin
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Greta Tuckute
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Josef Affourtit
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hannah Small
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zachary Mineroff
- Human-computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hope Kean
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Olessia Jouravlev
- Department of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lara Rakocevic
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brianna Pritchett
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Caitlyn Hoeflin
- Harris School of Public Policy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alvincé Pongos
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Idan A Blank
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Kline Struhl
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anna Ivanova
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steven Shannon
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aalok Sathe
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Malte Hoffmann
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alfonso Nieto-Castañón
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evelina Fedorenko
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Speech, Hearing, Bioscience, and Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Alvand A, Kuruvilla-Mathew A, Kirk IJ, Roberts RP, Pedersen M, Purdy SC. Altered brain network topology in children with auditory processing disorder: A resting-state multi-echo fMRI study. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 35:103139. [PMID: 36002970 PMCID: PMC9421544 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Children with auditory processing disorder (APD) experience hearing difficulties, particularly in the presence of competing sounds, despite having normal audiograms. There is considerable debate on whether APD symptoms originate from bottom-up (e.g., auditory sensory processing) and/or top-down processing (e.g., cognitive, language, memory). A related issue is that little is known about whether functional brain network topology is altered in APD. Therefore, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data to investigate the functional brain network organization of 57 children from 8 to 14 years old, diagnosed with APD (n = 28) and without hearing difficulties (healthy control, HC; n = 29). We applied complex network analysis using graph theory to assess the whole-brain integration and segregation of functional networks and brain hub architecture. Our results showed children with APD and HC have similar global network properties -i.e., an average of all brain regions- and modular organization. Still, the APD group showed different hub architecture in default mode-ventral attention, somatomotor and frontoparietal-dorsal attention modules. At the nodal level -i.e., single-brain regions-, we observed decreased participation coefficient (PC - a measure quantifying the diversity of between-network connectivity) in auditory cortical regions in APD, including bilateral superior temporal gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus. Beyond auditory regions, PC was also decreased in APD in bilateral posterior temporo-occipital cortices, left intraparietal sulcus, and right posterior insular cortex. Correlation analysis suggested a positive association between PC in the left parahippocampal gyrus and the listening-in-spatialized-noise -sentences task where APD children were engaged in auditory perception. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence of altered brain network organization in children with APD, specific to auditory networks, and shed new light on the neural systems underlying children's listening difficulties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Alvand
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Eisdell Moore Centre, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Abin Kuruvilla-Mathew
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Eisdell Moore Centre, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Ian J Kirk
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Eisdell Moore Centre, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Reece P Roberts
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Mangor Pedersen
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Suzanne C Purdy
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Eisdell Moore Centre, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Adhikari K, Pham T, Hall J, Rotenberg A, Besio WG. Language Mapping using tEEG and EEG Data with Convolutional Neural Networks. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:4060-4063. [PMID: 36083942 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tripolar electroencephalography (tEEG) has been found to have significantly better signal-to-noise ratio, spatial resolution, mutual information, and high-frequencies compared to EEG. This paper analyzes the tEEG signals acquired simultaneously with the EEG signals and compares their ability to map language to left and right hemispheres using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The results show that while the time-domain features of tEEG and EEG signals lead to comparable functional mapping, the frequency domain features are significantly different. The left and right hemisphere classification performances using tEEG are equivalent in time and frequency domains. However, frequency domain classification for EEG results in less accuracy. Clinical Relevance- This technique could quickly, and noninvasively, guide clinicians about language dominance when preparing for resective surgery.
Collapse
|
16
|
Butera IM, Larson ED, DeFreese AJ, Lee AK, Gifford RH, Wallace MT. Functional localization of audiovisual speech using near infrared spectroscopy. Brain Topogr 2022; 35:416-430. [PMID: 35821542 PMCID: PMC9334437 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-022-00904-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Visual cues are especially vital for hearing impaired individuals such as cochlear implant (CI) users to understand speech in noise. Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a light-based imaging technology that is ideally suited for measuring the brain activity of CI users due to its compatibility with both the ferromagnetic and electrical components of these implants. In a preliminary step toward better elucidating the behavioral and neural correlates of audiovisual (AV) speech integration in CI users, we designed a speech-in-noise task and measured the extent to which 24 normal hearing individuals could integrate the audio of spoken monosyllabic words with the corresponding visual signals of a female speaker. In our behavioral task, we found that audiovisual pairings provided average improvements of 103% and 197% over auditory-alone listening conditions in -6 and -9 dB signal-to-noise ratios consisting of multi-talker background noise. In an fNIRS task using similar stimuli, we measured activity during auditory-only listening, visual-only lipreading, and AV listening conditions. We identified cortical activity in all three conditions over regions of middle and superior temporal cortex typically associated with speech processing and audiovisual integration. In addition, three channels active during the lipreading condition showed uncorrected correlations associated with behavioral measures of audiovisual gain as well as with the McGurk effect. Further work focusing primarily on the regions of interest identified in this study could test how AV speech integration may differ for CI users who rely on this mechanism for daily communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iliza M Butera
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Eric D Larson
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, USA
| | - Andrea J DeFreese
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Adrian Kc Lee
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, USA
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - René H Gifford
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark T Wallace
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gross WL, Helfand AI, Swanson SJ, Conant LL, Humphries CJ, Raghavan M, Mueller WM, Busch RM, Allen L, Anderson CT, Carlson CE, Lowe MJ, Langfitt JT, Tivarus ME, Drane DL, Loring DW, Jacobs M, Morgan VL, Allendorfer JB, Szaflarski JP, Bonilha L, Bookheimer S, Grabowski T, Vannest J, Binder JR. Prediction of Naming Outcome With fMRI Language Lateralization in Left Temporal Epilepsy Surgery. Neurology 2022; 98:e2337-e2346. [PMID: 35410903 PMCID: PMC9202528 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Naming decline after left temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) surgery is common and difficult to predict. Preoperative language fMRI may predict naming decline, but this application is still lacking evidence. We performed a large multicenter cohort study of the effectiveness of fMRI in predicting naming deficits after left TLE surgery. METHODS At 10 US epilepsy centers, 81 patients with left TLE were prospectively recruited and given the Boston Naming Test (BNT) before and ≈7 months after anterior temporal lobectomy. An fMRI language laterality index (LI) was measured with an auditory semantic decision-tone decision task contrast. Correlations and a multiple regression model were built with a priori chosen predictors. RESULTS Naming decline occurred in 56% of patients and correlated with fMRI LI (r = -0.41, p < 0.001), age at epilepsy onset (r = -0.30, p = 0.006), age at surgery (r = -0.23, p = 0.039), and years of education (r = 0.24, p = 0.032). Preoperative BNT score and duration of epilepsy were not correlated with naming decline. The regression model explained 31% of the variance, with fMRI contributing 14%, with a 96% sensitivity and 44% specificity for predicting meaningful naming decline. Cross-validation resulted in an average prediction error of 6 points. DISCUSSION An fMRI-based regression model predicted naming outcome after left TLE surgery in a large, prospective multicenter sample, with fMRI as the strongest predictor. These results provide evidence supporting the use of preoperative language fMRI to predict language outcome in patients undergoing left TLE surgery. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class I evidence that fMRI language lateralization can help in predicting naming decline after left TLE surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Louis Gross
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.L.G., A.H., S.J.S., L.L.C., C.H., M.R., L.A., C.T.A., C.E.C., J.R.B.), Anesthesiology (W.L.G.), and Neurosurgery (W.M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Neurology (R.M.B.) and Radiology (M.J.L.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH; Departments of Neurology (J.T.L.) and Imaging Sciences (M.E.T.), University of Rochester, NY; Departments of Neurology (D.L.D., D.W.L.) and Pediatrics (D.L.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (D.L.D., T.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Psychology (M.J.) and Radiology (V.L.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Department of Neurology (J.V.), University of Cincinnati, OH.
| | - Alexander I Helfand
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.L.G., A.H., S.J.S., L.L.C., C.H., M.R., L.A., C.T.A., C.E.C., J.R.B.), Anesthesiology (W.L.G.), and Neurosurgery (W.M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Neurology (R.M.B.) and Radiology (M.J.L.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH; Departments of Neurology (J.T.L.) and Imaging Sciences (M.E.T.), University of Rochester, NY; Departments of Neurology (D.L.D., D.W.L.) and Pediatrics (D.L.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (D.L.D., T.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Psychology (M.J.) and Radiology (V.L.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Department of Neurology (J.V.), University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Sara J Swanson
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.L.G., A.H., S.J.S., L.L.C., C.H., M.R., L.A., C.T.A., C.E.C., J.R.B.), Anesthesiology (W.L.G.), and Neurosurgery (W.M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Neurology (R.M.B.) and Radiology (M.J.L.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH; Departments of Neurology (J.T.L.) and Imaging Sciences (M.E.T.), University of Rochester, NY; Departments of Neurology (D.L.D., D.W.L.) and Pediatrics (D.L.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (D.L.D., T.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Psychology (M.J.) and Radiology (V.L.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Department of Neurology (J.V.), University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Lisa L Conant
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.L.G., A.H., S.J.S., L.L.C., C.H., M.R., L.A., C.T.A., C.E.C., J.R.B.), Anesthesiology (W.L.G.), and Neurosurgery (W.M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Neurology (R.M.B.) and Radiology (M.J.L.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH; Departments of Neurology (J.T.L.) and Imaging Sciences (M.E.T.), University of Rochester, NY; Departments of Neurology (D.L.D., D.W.L.) and Pediatrics (D.L.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (D.L.D., T.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Psychology (M.J.) and Radiology (V.L.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Department of Neurology (J.V.), University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Colin J Humphries
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.L.G., A.H., S.J.S., L.L.C., C.H., M.R., L.A., C.T.A., C.E.C., J.R.B.), Anesthesiology (W.L.G.), and Neurosurgery (W.M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Neurology (R.M.B.) and Radiology (M.J.L.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH; Departments of Neurology (J.T.L.) and Imaging Sciences (M.E.T.), University of Rochester, NY; Departments of Neurology (D.L.D., D.W.L.) and Pediatrics (D.L.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (D.L.D., T.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Psychology (M.J.) and Radiology (V.L.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Department of Neurology (J.V.), University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Manoj Raghavan
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.L.G., A.H., S.J.S., L.L.C., C.H., M.R., L.A., C.T.A., C.E.C., J.R.B.), Anesthesiology (W.L.G.), and Neurosurgery (W.M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Neurology (R.M.B.) and Radiology (M.J.L.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH; Departments of Neurology (J.T.L.) and Imaging Sciences (M.E.T.), University of Rochester, NY; Departments of Neurology (D.L.D., D.W.L.) and Pediatrics (D.L.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (D.L.D., T.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Psychology (M.J.) and Radiology (V.L.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Department of Neurology (J.V.), University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Wade M Mueller
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.L.G., A.H., S.J.S., L.L.C., C.H., M.R., L.A., C.T.A., C.E.C., J.R.B.), Anesthesiology (W.L.G.), and Neurosurgery (W.M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Neurology (R.M.B.) and Radiology (M.J.L.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH; Departments of Neurology (J.T.L.) and Imaging Sciences (M.E.T.), University of Rochester, NY; Departments of Neurology (D.L.D., D.W.L.) and Pediatrics (D.L.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (D.L.D., T.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Psychology (M.J.) and Radiology (V.L.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Department of Neurology (J.V.), University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Robyn M Busch
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.L.G., A.H., S.J.S., L.L.C., C.H., M.R., L.A., C.T.A., C.E.C., J.R.B.), Anesthesiology (W.L.G.), and Neurosurgery (W.M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Neurology (R.M.B.) and Radiology (M.J.L.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH; Departments of Neurology (J.T.L.) and Imaging Sciences (M.E.T.), University of Rochester, NY; Departments of Neurology (D.L.D., D.W.L.) and Pediatrics (D.L.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (D.L.D., T.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Psychology (M.J.) and Radiology (V.L.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Department of Neurology (J.V.), University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Linda Allen
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.L.G., A.H., S.J.S., L.L.C., C.H., M.R., L.A., C.T.A., C.E.C., J.R.B.), Anesthesiology (W.L.G.), and Neurosurgery (W.M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Neurology (R.M.B.) and Radiology (M.J.L.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH; Departments of Neurology (J.T.L.) and Imaging Sciences (M.E.T.), University of Rochester, NY; Departments of Neurology (D.L.D., D.W.L.) and Pediatrics (D.L.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (D.L.D., T.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Psychology (M.J.) and Radiology (V.L.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Department of Neurology (J.V.), University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Christopher Todd Anderson
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.L.G., A.H., S.J.S., L.L.C., C.H., M.R., L.A., C.T.A., C.E.C., J.R.B.), Anesthesiology (W.L.G.), and Neurosurgery (W.M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Neurology (R.M.B.) and Radiology (M.J.L.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH; Departments of Neurology (J.T.L.) and Imaging Sciences (M.E.T.), University of Rochester, NY; Departments of Neurology (D.L.D., D.W.L.) and Pediatrics (D.L.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (D.L.D., T.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Psychology (M.J.) and Radiology (V.L.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Department of Neurology (J.V.), University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Chad E Carlson
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.L.G., A.H., S.J.S., L.L.C., C.H., M.R., L.A., C.T.A., C.E.C., J.R.B.), Anesthesiology (W.L.G.), and Neurosurgery (W.M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Neurology (R.M.B.) and Radiology (M.J.L.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH; Departments of Neurology (J.T.L.) and Imaging Sciences (M.E.T.), University of Rochester, NY; Departments of Neurology (D.L.D., D.W.L.) and Pediatrics (D.L.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (D.L.D., T.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Psychology (M.J.) and Radiology (V.L.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Department of Neurology (J.V.), University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Mark J Lowe
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.L.G., A.H., S.J.S., L.L.C., C.H., M.R., L.A., C.T.A., C.E.C., J.R.B.), Anesthesiology (W.L.G.), and Neurosurgery (W.M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Neurology (R.M.B.) and Radiology (M.J.L.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH; Departments of Neurology (J.T.L.) and Imaging Sciences (M.E.T.), University of Rochester, NY; Departments of Neurology (D.L.D., D.W.L.) and Pediatrics (D.L.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (D.L.D., T.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Psychology (M.J.) and Radiology (V.L.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Department of Neurology (J.V.), University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - John T Langfitt
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.L.G., A.H., S.J.S., L.L.C., C.H., M.R., L.A., C.T.A., C.E.C., J.R.B.), Anesthesiology (W.L.G.), and Neurosurgery (W.M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Neurology (R.M.B.) and Radiology (M.J.L.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH; Departments of Neurology (J.T.L.) and Imaging Sciences (M.E.T.), University of Rochester, NY; Departments of Neurology (D.L.D., D.W.L.) and Pediatrics (D.L.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (D.L.D., T.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Psychology (M.J.) and Radiology (V.L.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Department of Neurology (J.V.), University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Madalina E Tivarus
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.L.G., A.H., S.J.S., L.L.C., C.H., M.R., L.A., C.T.A., C.E.C., J.R.B.), Anesthesiology (W.L.G.), and Neurosurgery (W.M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Neurology (R.M.B.) and Radiology (M.J.L.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH; Departments of Neurology (J.T.L.) and Imaging Sciences (M.E.T.), University of Rochester, NY; Departments of Neurology (D.L.D., D.W.L.) and Pediatrics (D.L.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (D.L.D., T.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Psychology (M.J.) and Radiology (V.L.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Department of Neurology (J.V.), University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Daniel L Drane
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.L.G., A.H., S.J.S., L.L.C., C.H., M.R., L.A., C.T.A., C.E.C., J.R.B.), Anesthesiology (W.L.G.), and Neurosurgery (W.M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Neurology (R.M.B.) and Radiology (M.J.L.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH; Departments of Neurology (J.T.L.) and Imaging Sciences (M.E.T.), University of Rochester, NY; Departments of Neurology (D.L.D., D.W.L.) and Pediatrics (D.L.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (D.L.D., T.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Psychology (M.J.) and Radiology (V.L.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Department of Neurology (J.V.), University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - David W Loring
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.L.G., A.H., S.J.S., L.L.C., C.H., M.R., L.A., C.T.A., C.E.C., J.R.B.), Anesthesiology (W.L.G.), and Neurosurgery (W.M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Neurology (R.M.B.) and Radiology (M.J.L.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH; Departments of Neurology (J.T.L.) and Imaging Sciences (M.E.T.), University of Rochester, NY; Departments of Neurology (D.L.D., D.W.L.) and Pediatrics (D.L.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (D.L.D., T.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Psychology (M.J.) and Radiology (V.L.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Department of Neurology (J.V.), University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Monica Jacobs
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.L.G., A.H., S.J.S., L.L.C., C.H., M.R., L.A., C.T.A., C.E.C., J.R.B.), Anesthesiology (W.L.G.), and Neurosurgery (W.M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Neurology (R.M.B.) and Radiology (M.J.L.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH; Departments of Neurology (J.T.L.) and Imaging Sciences (M.E.T.), University of Rochester, NY; Departments of Neurology (D.L.D., D.W.L.) and Pediatrics (D.L.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (D.L.D., T.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Psychology (M.J.) and Radiology (V.L.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Department of Neurology (J.V.), University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Victoria L Morgan
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.L.G., A.H., S.J.S., L.L.C., C.H., M.R., L.A., C.T.A., C.E.C., J.R.B.), Anesthesiology (W.L.G.), and Neurosurgery (W.M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Neurology (R.M.B.) and Radiology (M.J.L.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH; Departments of Neurology (J.T.L.) and Imaging Sciences (M.E.T.), University of Rochester, NY; Departments of Neurology (D.L.D., D.W.L.) and Pediatrics (D.L.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (D.L.D., T.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Psychology (M.J.) and Radiology (V.L.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Department of Neurology (J.V.), University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jane B Allendorfer
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.L.G., A.H., S.J.S., L.L.C., C.H., M.R., L.A., C.T.A., C.E.C., J.R.B.), Anesthesiology (W.L.G.), and Neurosurgery (W.M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Neurology (R.M.B.) and Radiology (M.J.L.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH; Departments of Neurology (J.T.L.) and Imaging Sciences (M.E.T.), University of Rochester, NY; Departments of Neurology (D.L.D., D.W.L.) and Pediatrics (D.L.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (D.L.D., T.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Psychology (M.J.) and Radiology (V.L.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Department of Neurology (J.V.), University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jerzy P Szaflarski
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.L.G., A.H., S.J.S., L.L.C., C.H., M.R., L.A., C.T.A., C.E.C., J.R.B.), Anesthesiology (W.L.G.), and Neurosurgery (W.M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Neurology (R.M.B.) and Radiology (M.J.L.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH; Departments of Neurology (J.T.L.) and Imaging Sciences (M.E.T.), University of Rochester, NY; Departments of Neurology (D.L.D., D.W.L.) and Pediatrics (D.L.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (D.L.D., T.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Psychology (M.J.) and Radiology (V.L.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Department of Neurology (J.V.), University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Leonardo Bonilha
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.L.G., A.H., S.J.S., L.L.C., C.H., M.R., L.A., C.T.A., C.E.C., J.R.B.), Anesthesiology (W.L.G.), and Neurosurgery (W.M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Neurology (R.M.B.) and Radiology (M.J.L.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH; Departments of Neurology (J.T.L.) and Imaging Sciences (M.E.T.), University of Rochester, NY; Departments of Neurology (D.L.D., D.W.L.) and Pediatrics (D.L.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (D.L.D., T.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Psychology (M.J.) and Radiology (V.L.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Department of Neurology (J.V.), University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Susan Bookheimer
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.L.G., A.H., S.J.S., L.L.C., C.H., M.R., L.A., C.T.A., C.E.C., J.R.B.), Anesthesiology (W.L.G.), and Neurosurgery (W.M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Neurology (R.M.B.) and Radiology (M.J.L.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH; Departments of Neurology (J.T.L.) and Imaging Sciences (M.E.T.), University of Rochester, NY; Departments of Neurology (D.L.D., D.W.L.) and Pediatrics (D.L.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (D.L.D., T.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Psychology (M.J.) and Radiology (V.L.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Department of Neurology (J.V.), University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Thomas Grabowski
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.L.G., A.H., S.J.S., L.L.C., C.H., M.R., L.A., C.T.A., C.E.C., J.R.B.), Anesthesiology (W.L.G.), and Neurosurgery (W.M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Neurology (R.M.B.) and Radiology (M.J.L.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH; Departments of Neurology (J.T.L.) and Imaging Sciences (M.E.T.), University of Rochester, NY; Departments of Neurology (D.L.D., D.W.L.) and Pediatrics (D.L.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (D.L.D., T.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Psychology (M.J.) and Radiology (V.L.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Department of Neurology (J.V.), University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jennifer Vannest
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.L.G., A.H., S.J.S., L.L.C., C.H., M.R., L.A., C.T.A., C.E.C., J.R.B.), Anesthesiology (W.L.G.), and Neurosurgery (W.M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Neurology (R.M.B.) and Radiology (M.J.L.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH; Departments of Neurology (J.T.L.) and Imaging Sciences (M.E.T.), University of Rochester, NY; Departments of Neurology (D.L.D., D.W.L.) and Pediatrics (D.L.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (D.L.D., T.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Psychology (M.J.) and Radiology (V.L.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Department of Neurology (J.V.), University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jeffrey R Binder
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.L.G., A.H., S.J.S., L.L.C., C.H., M.R., L.A., C.T.A., C.E.C., J.R.B.), Anesthesiology (W.L.G.), and Neurosurgery (W.M.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Departments of Neurology (R.M.B.) and Radiology (M.J.L.), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH; Departments of Neurology (J.T.L.) and Imaging Sciences (M.E.T.), University of Rochester, NY; Departments of Neurology (D.L.D., D.W.L.) and Pediatrics (D.L.D.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (D.L.D., T.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Psychology (M.J.) and Radiology (V.L.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (L.B.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Department of Neurology (J.V.), University of Cincinnati, OH
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kasdan AV, Burgess AN, Pizzagalli F, Scartozzi A, Chern A, Kotz SA, Wilson SM, Gordon RL. Identifying a brain network for musical rhythm: A functional neuroimaging meta-analysis and systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104588. [PMID: 35259422 PMCID: PMC9195154 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 30 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies investigating processing of musical rhythms in neurotypical adults. First, we identified a general network for musical rhythm, encompassing all relevant sensory and motor processes (Beat-based, rest baseline, 12 contrasts) which revealed a large network involving auditory and motor regions. This network included the bilateral superior temporal cortices, supplementary motor area (SMA), putamen, and cerebellum. Second, we identified more precise loci for beat-based musical rhythms (Beat-based, audio-motor control, 8 contrasts) in the bilateral putamen. Third, we identified regions modulated by beat based rhythmic complexity (Complexity, 16 contrasts) which included the bilateral SMA-proper/pre-SMA, cerebellum, inferior parietal regions, and right temporal areas. This meta-analysis suggests that musical rhythm is largely represented in a bilateral cortico-subcortical network. Our findings align with existing theoretical frameworks about auditory-motor coupling to a musical beat and provide a foundation for studying how the neural bases of musical rhythm may overlap with other cognitive domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Kasdan
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Curb Center for Art, Enterprise, and Public Policy, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Andrea N Burgess
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Alyssa Scartozzi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander Chern
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center and Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sonja A Kotz
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephen M Wilson
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Reyna L Gordon
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Curb Center for Art, Enterprise, and Public Policy, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Elin K, Malyutina S, Bronov O, Stupina E, Marinets A, Zhuravleva A, Dragoy O. A New Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Localizer for Preoperative Language Mapping Using a Sentence Completion Task: Validity, Choice of Baseline Condition, and Test–Retest Reliability. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:791577. [PMID: 35431846 PMCID: PMC9006995 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.791577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To avoid post-neurosurgical language deficits, intraoperative mapping of the language function in the brain can be complemented with preoperative mapping with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The validity of an fMRI “language localizer” paradigm crucially depends on the choice of an optimal language task and baseline condition. This study presents a new fMRI “language localizer” in Russian using overt sentence completion, a task that comprehensively engages the language function by involving both production and comprehension at the word and sentence level. The paradigm was validated in 18 neurologically healthy volunteers who participated in two scanning sessions, for estimating test–retest reliability. For the first time, two baseline conditions for the sentence completion task were compared. At the group level, the paradigm significantly activated both anterior and posterior language-related regions. Individual-level analysis showed that activation was elicited most consistently in the inferior frontal regions, followed by posterior temporal regions and the angular gyrus. Test–retest reliability of activation location, as measured by Dice coefficients, was moderate and thus comparable to previous studies. Test–retest reliability was higher in the frontal than temporo-parietal region and with the most liberal statistical thresholding compared to two more conservative thresholding methods. Lateralization indices were expectedly left-hemispheric, with greater lateralization in the frontal than temporo-parietal region, and showed moderate test-retest reliability. Finally, the pseudoword baseline elicited more extensive and more reliable activation, although the syllable baseline appears more feasible for future clinical use. Overall, the study demonstrated the validity and reliability of the sentence completion task for mapping the language function in the brain. The paradigm needs further validation in a clinical sample of neurosurgical patients. Additionally, the study contributes to general evidence on test–retest reliability of fMRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Elin
- Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Malyutina
- Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Svetlana Malyutina,
| | - Oleg Bronov
- Department of Radiology, National Medical and Surgical Center Named After N.I. Pirogov, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Aleksei Marinets
- Department of Radiology, National Medical and Surgical Center Named After N.I. Pirogov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Zhuravleva
- Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Dragoy
- Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Oelschlägel M, Polanski WH, Morgenstern U, Steiner G, Kirsch M, Koch E, Schackert G, Sobottka SB. Characterization of cortical hemodynamic changes following sensory, visual, and speech activation by intraoperative optical imaging utilizing phase-based evaluation methods. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:598-615. [PMID: 34590384 PMCID: PMC8720199 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations within cerebral hemodynamics are the intrinsic signal source for a wide variety of neuroimaging techniques. Stimulation of specific functions leads due to neurovascular coupling, to changes in regional cerebral blood flow, oxygenation and volume. In this study, we investigated the temporal characteristics of cortical hemodynamic responses following electrical, tactile, visual, and speech activation for different stimulation paradigms using Intraoperative Optical Imaging (IOI). Image datasets from a total of 22 patients that underwent surgical resection of brain tumors were evaluated. The measured reflectance changes at different light wavelength bands, representing alterations in regional cortical blood volume (CBV), and deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) concentration, were assessed by using Fourier-based evaluation methods. We found a decrease of CBV connected to an increase of HbR within the contralateral primary sensory cortex (SI) in patients that were prolonged (30 s/15 s) electrically stimulated. Additionally, we found differences in amplitude as well as localization of activated areas for different stimulation patterns. Contrary to electrical stimulation, prolonged tactile as well as prolonged visual stimulation are provoking increases in CBV within the corresponding activated areas (SI, visual cortex). The processing of the acquired data from awake patients performing speech tasks reveals areas with increased, as well as areas with decreased CBV. The results lead us to the conclusion, that the CBV decreases in connection with HbR increases in SI are associated to processing of nociceptive stimuli and that stimulation type, as well as paradigm have a nonnegligible impact on the temporal characteristics of the following hemodynamic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Oelschlägel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Dresden, Saxony, Germany
| | - Witold H Polanski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, Germany
| | - Ute Morgenstern
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Dresden, Saxony, Germany
| | - Gerald Steiner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Dresden, Saxony, Germany
| | - Matthias Kirsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, Asklepios Kliniken Schildautal Seesen, Seesen, Saxony, Germany
| | - Edmund Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Dresden, Saxony, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, Germany
| | - Stephan B Sobottka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Benjamin CFA. Cognitive Biomarkers in the Clinic: Lessons From Presurgical fMRI. J Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 39:121-128. [PMID: 34366397 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Cognitive biomarkers are vital and uniquely challenging clinical tools. There has been marked growth in neuroimaging-based cognitive biomarkers across the past 40 years with more in development (e.g., clinical cognitive EEG). The challenges involved in developing cognitive biomarkers and key milestones in their development are reviewed here using clinical functional MRI's evolution as a case study. It is argued that indexing cognition is uniquely challenging because it requires patients to consistently use specific cognitive processes, and it is difficult or impossible to independently verify this occurred. This limitation can be successfully managed through careful analysis of standardized protocols for acquisition and interpretation, and ensuring the clinical application of biomarkers integrates disciplines with complementary expertise. Factors beneficial to the adoption of a novel cognitive biomarker include a clinical need and inadequate alternatives. Key milestones in the development of functional MRI included (1) demonstration that its performance was equivalent to its predecessor; (2) demonstration it predicted a clinically meaningful outcome; and (3) the establishment of infrastructure for both its execution and billing. Review of functional MRI and its predecessors suggest a cycle whereby successful cognitive biomarkers are validated, experience widespread adoption and customization/fragmentation, go through a period of review, and finally are refined and standardized. Those applying future cognitive biomarkers in the clinic can avoid some of the failures of clinical functional MRI by defining the skills and disciplines the method requires and routinely evaluating patient outcomes.
Collapse
|
22
|
Riva V, Riboldi EM, Dondena C, Piazza C, Molteni M, Cantiani C. Atypical ERP responses to audiovisual speech integration and sensory responsiveness in infants at risk for autism spectrum disorder. INFANCY 2022; 27:369-388. [PMID: 35037381 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Atypical sensory responses are included in the diagnostic criteria of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Autistic individuals perform poorly during conditions that require integration across multiple sensory modalities such as audiovisual (AV) integration. Previous research investigated neural processing of AV integration in infancy. Yet, this has never been studied in infants at higher likelihood of later ASD (HR) using neurophysiological (EEG/ERP) techniques. In this study, we investigated whether ERP measures of AV integration differentiate HR infants from low-risk (LR) infants and whether early AV integration abilities are associated with clinical measures of sensory responsiveness. At age 12 months, AV integration in HR (n = 21) and LR infants (n = 19) was characterized in a novel ERP paradigm measuring the McGurk effect, and clinical measures of sensory responsiveness were evaluated. Different brain responses over the left temporal area emerge between HR and LR infants, specifically when AV stimuli cannot be integrated into a fusible percept. Furthermore, ERP responses related to integration of AV incongruent stimuli were found to be associated with sensory responsiveness, with reduced effects of AV incongruency being associated with reduced sensory reactivity. These data suggest that early identification of AV deficits may pave the way to innovative therapeutic strategies for the autistic symptomatology. Further replications in independent cohorts are needed for generalizability of findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Riva
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Lecco, Italy
| | - Elena Maria Riboldi
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Lecco, Italy
| | - Chiara Dondena
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Lecco, Italy
| | - Caterina Piazza
- Bioengineering Lab, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Lecco, Italy
| | - Massimo Molteni
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Lecco, Italy
| | - Chiara Cantiani
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Lecco, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Clinical Speech fMRI in Children and Adolescents : Development of an Optimal Protocol and Analysis Algorithm. Clin Neuroradiol 2021; 32:185-196. [PMID: 34613421 PMCID: PMC8894226 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-021-01097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose In patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy, surgical resection is often the only treatment option to achieve long-term seizure control. Prior to brain surgery involving potential language areas, identification of hemispheric language dominance is crucial. Our group developed and validated a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) battery of four pediatric language tasks. The present study aimed at optimizing fMRI data acquisition and analysis using these tasks. Methods We retrospectively analyzed speech fMRI examinations of 114 neuropediatric patients (age range 5.8–17.8 years) who were examined prior to possible epilepsy surgery. In order to evaluate hemispheric language dominance, 1–4 language tasks (vowel identification task VIT, word-chain task WCT, beep-story task BST, synonym task SYT) were measured. Results Language dominance was classified using fMRI activation in the 13 validly lateralizing ROIs (VLR) in frontal, temporal and parietal lobes and cerebellum of the recent validation study from our group: 47/114 patients were classified as left-dominant, 34/114 as bilateral and 6/114 as right-dominant. In an attempt to enlarge the set of VLR, we then compared for each task agreement of these ROI activations with the classified language dominance. We found four additional task-specific ROIs showing concordant activation and activation in ≥ 10 sessions, which we termed validly lateralizing (VLRnew). The new VLRs were: for VIT the temporal language area and for SYT the middle frontal gyrus, the intraparietal sulcus and cerebellum. Finally, in order to find the optimal sequence of measuring the different tasks, we analyzed the success rates of single tasks and all possible task combinations. The sequence 1) VIT 2) WCT 3) BST 4) SYT was identified as the optimal sequence, yielding the highest chance to obtain reliable results even when the fMRI examination has to be stopped, e.g., due to lack of cooperation. Conclusion Our suggested task order together with the enlarged set of VLRnew may contribute to optimize pediatric speech fMRI in a clinical setting. Supplementary Information The online version of this article (10.1007/s00062-021-01097-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
24
|
Comparison of Whole-Head Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy With Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Potential Application in Pediatric Neurology. Pediatr Neurol 2021; 122:68-75. [PMID: 34301451 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in cerebral blood flow in response to neuronal activation can be measured by time-dependent fluctuations in hemoglobin species within the brain; this is the basis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). There is a clinical need for portable neural imaging systems, such as fNIRS, to accommodate patients who are unable to tolerate an MR environment. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to compare task-related full-head fNIRS and fMRI signals across cortical regions. METHODS Eighteen healthy adults completed a same-day fNIRS-fMRI study, in which they performed right- and left-hand finger tapping tasks and a semantic-decision tones-decision task. First- and second-level general linear models were applied to both datasets. RESULTS The finger tapping task showed that significant fNIRS channel activity over the contralateral primary motor cortex corresponded to surface fMRI activity. Similarly, significant fNIRS channel activity over the bilateral temporal lobe corresponded to the same primary auditory regions as surface fMRI during the semantic-decision tones-decision task. Additional channels were significant for this task that did not correspond to surface fMRI activity. CONCLUSION Although both imaging modalities showed left-lateralized activation for language processing, the current fNIRS analysis did not show concordant or expected localization at the level necessary for clinical use in individual pediatric epileptic patients. Future work is needed to show whether fNIRS and fMRI are comparable at the source level so that fNIRS can be used in a clinical setting on individual patients. If comparable, such an imaging approach could be applied to children with neurological disorders.
Collapse
|
25
|
Ren F, Ma W, Zong W, Li N, Li X, Li F, Wu L, Li H, Li M, Gao F. Brain Frequency-Specific Changes in the Spontaneous Neural Activity Are Associated With Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Presbycusis. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:649874. [PMID: 34335224 PMCID: PMC8316979 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.649874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Presbycusis (PC) is characterized by preferential hearing loss at high frequencies and difficulty in speech recognition in noisy environments. Previous studies have linked PC to cognitive impairment, accelerated cognitive decline and incident Alzheimer’s disease. However, the neural mechanisms of cognitive impairment in patients with PC remain unclear. Although resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) studies have explored low-frequency oscillation (LFO) connectivity or amplitude of PC-related neural activity, it remains unclear whether the abnormalities occur within all frequency bands or within specific frequency bands. Fifty-one PC patients and fifty-one well-matched normal hearing controls participated in this study. The LFO amplitudes were investigated using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) at different frequency bands (slow-4 and slow-5). PC patients showed abnormal LFO amplitudes in the Heschl’s gyrus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), frontal eye field and key nodes of the speech network exclusively in slow-4, which suggested that abnormal spontaneous neural activity in PC was frequency dependent. Our findings also revealed that stronger functional connectivity between the dlPFC and the posterodorsal stream of auditory processing, as well as lower functional coupling between the PCC and key nodes of the DMN, which were associated with cognitive impairments in PC patients. Our study might underlie the cross-modal plasticity and higher-order cognitive participation of the auditory cortex after partial hearing deprivation. Our findings indicate that frequency-specific analysis of ALFF could provide valuable insights into functional alterations in the auditory cortex and non-auditory regions involved in cognitive impairment associated with PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuxin Ren
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Central Hospital of Jinan City, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zong
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fuyan Li
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Honghao Li
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Muwei Li
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Morán I, Perez-Orive J, Melchor J, Figueroa T, Lemus L. Auditory decisions in the supplementary motor area. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 202:102053. [PMID: 33957182 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In human speech and communication across various species, recognizing and categorizing sounds is fundamental for the selection of appropriate behaviors. However, how does the brain decide which action to perform based on sounds? We explored whether the supplementary motor area (SMA), responsible for linking sensory information to motor programs, also accounts for auditory-driven decision making. To this end, we trained two rhesus monkeys to discriminate between numerous naturalistic sounds and words learned as target (T) or non-target (nT) categories. We found that the SMA at single and population neuronal levels perform decision-related computations that transition from auditory to movement representations in this task. Moreover, we demonstrated that the neural population is organized orthogonally during the auditory and the movement periods, implying that the SMA performs different computations. In conclusion, our results suggest that the SMA integrates acoustic information in order to form categorical signals that drive behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Morán
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Cell Physiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Perez-Orive
- Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitacion "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jonathan Melchor
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Cell Physiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tonatiuh Figueroa
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Cell Physiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Lemus
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Cell Physiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Feasibility, Contrast Sensitivity and Network Specificity of Language fMRI in Presurgical Evaluation for Epilepsy and Brain Tumor Surgery. Brain Topogr 2021; 34:511-524. [PMID: 33837867 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-021-00839-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Language fMRI has become an integral part of the planning process in brain surgery. However, fMRI may suffer from confounding factors both on the patient side, as well as on the provider side. In this study, we investigate how patient-related confounds affect the ability of the patient to perform language fMRI tasks (feasibility), the task sensitivity from an image contrast point of view, and the anatomical specificity of expressive and receptive language fMRI protocols. 104 patients were referred for language fMRI in the context of presurgical procedures for epilepsy and brain tumor surgery. Four tasks were used: (1) a verbal fluency (VF) task to map vocabulary use, (2) a semantic description (SD) task to map sentence formation/semantic integration skills, (3) a reading comprehension (RC) task and (4) a listening comprehension (LC) task. Feasibility was excellent in the LC task (100%), but in the acceptable to mediocre range for the rest of the tasks (SD: 87.50%, RC: 85.57%, VF: 67.30%). Feasibility was significantly confounded by age (p = 0.020) and education level (p = 0.003) in VF, by education level (p = 0.004) and lesion laterality (p = 0.019) in SD and by age (p = 0.001), lesion laterality (p = 0.007) and lesion severity (p = 0.048) in RC. All tasks were comparable regarding sensitivity in generating statistically significant image contrast (VF: 90.00%, SD: 92.30%, RC: 93.25%, LC: 88.46%). The lobe of the lesion (p = 0.005) and the age (p = 0.009) confounded contrast sensitivity in the VF and SD tasks respectively. Both VF and LC tasks demonstrated unilateral lateralization of posterior language areas; only the LC task showed unilateral lateralization of anterior language areas. Our study highlights the effects of patient-related confounding factors on language fMRI and proposes LC as the most feasible, less confounded, and efficiently lateralizing task in the clinical presurgical context.
Collapse
|
28
|
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging during Visual Perception Tasks in Adolescents Born Prematurely. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2021; 27:270-281. [PMID: 32928332 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617720000867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Impairments in visual perception are among the most common developmental difficulties related to being born prematurely, and they are often accompanied by problems in other developmental domains. Neural activation in participants born prematurely and full-term during tasks that assess several areas of visual perception has not been studied. To better understand the neural substrates of the visual perceptual impairments, we compared behavioral performance and brain activations during visual perception tasks in adolescents born very preterm (birth weight ≤1500 g or gestational age <32 weeks) and full-term. METHODS Tasks assessing visual closure, discrimination of a deviating figure, and discrimination of figure and ground from the Motor-Free Visual Perception Test, Third Edition were performed by participants born very preterm (n = 37) and full-term (n = 34) at 12 years of age during functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Behavioral performance in the visual perception tasks did not differ between the groups. However, during the visual closure task, brain activation was significantly stronger in the group born very preterm in a number of areas including the frontal, anterior cingulate, temporal, and posterior medial parietal/cingulate cortices, as well as in parts of the cerebellum, thalamus, and caudate nucleus. CONCLUSIONS Differing activations during the visual closure task potentially reflect a compensatory neural process related to premature birth or lesser neural efficiency or may be a result of the use of compensatory behavioral strategies in the study group born very preterm.
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang YN, Li H, Shen ZW, Xu C, Huang YJ, Wu RH. Healthy individuals vs patients with bipolar or unipolar depression in gray matter volume. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:1304-1317. [PMID: 33644197 PMCID: PMC7896697 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i6.1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) revealed changes in gray matter volume (GMV) of patients with depression, but the differences between patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and unipolar depression (UD) are less known.
AIM To analyze the whole-brain GMV data of patients with untreated UD and BD compared with healthy controls.
METHODS Fourteen patients with BD and 20 with UD were recruited from the Mental Health Center of Shantou University between August 2014 and July 2015, and 20 non-depressive controls were recruited. After routine three-plane positioning, axial T2WI scanning was performed. The connecting line between the anterior and posterior commissures was used as the scanning baseline. The scanning range extended from the cranial apex to the foramen magnum. Categorical data are presented as frequencies and were analyzed using the Fisher exact test.
RESULTS There were no significant intergroup differences in gender, age, or years of education. Disease course, age at the first episode, and Hamilton depression rating scale scores were similar between patients with UD and those with BD. Compared with the non-depressive controls, patients with BD showed smaller GMVs in the right inferior temporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, and right superior parietal gyrus and larger GMVs in the midbrain, left superior frontal gyrus, and right cerebellum. In contrast, UD patients showed smaller GMVs than the controls in the right fusiform gyrus, left inferior occipital gyrus, left paracentral lobule, right superior and inferior temporal gyri, and the right posterior lobe of the cerebellum, and larger GMVs than the controls in the left posterior central gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus. There was no difference in GMV between patients with BD and UD.
CONCLUSION Using VBM, the present study revealed that patients with UD and BD have different patterns of changes in GMV when compared with healthy controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Nan Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou 515000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou 515000, Guangdong Province, China
| | | | - Chang Xu
- Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou 515000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yue-Jun Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ren-Hua Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kherif F, Muller S. Neuro-Clinical Signatures of Language Impairments: A Theoretical Framework for Function-to-structure Mapping in Clinics. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:800-811. [PMID: 32116193 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200302111130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, neuroscientists and clinicians have collected a considerable amount of data and drastically increased our knowledge about the mapping of language in the brain. The emerging picture from the accumulated knowledge is that there are complex and combinatorial relationships between language functions and anatomical brain regions. Understanding the underlying principles of this complex mapping is of paramount importance for the identification of the brain signature of language and Neuro-Clinical signatures that explain language impairments and predict language recovery after stroke. We review recent attempts to addresses this question of language-brain mapping. We introduce the different concepts of mapping (from diffeomorphic one-to-one mapping to many-to-many mapping). We build those different forms of mapping to derive a theoretical framework where the current principles of brain architectures including redundancy, degeneracy, pluri-potentiality and bow-tie network are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferath Kherif
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Muller
- 1Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu H, Miyakoshi M, Nakai T, Annabel Chen SH. Aging patterns of Japanese auditory semantic processing: an fMRI study. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2020; 29:213-236. [DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2020.1861202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hengshuang Liu
- National Key Research Centre for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, Adjunct Researcher in the Bilingual Cognition and Development Lab, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Makoto Miyakoshi
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Toshiharu Nakai
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shen-Hsing Annabel Chen
- Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Research and Development in Learning, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (Lkcmedicine), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wilson SM, Schneck SM. Neuroplasticity in post-stroke aphasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of functional imaging studies of reorganization of language processing. NEUROBIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2020; 2:22-82. [PMID: 33884373 PMCID: PMC8057712 DOI: 10.1162/nol_a_00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Recovery from aphasia is thought to depend on neural plasticity, that is, functional reorganization of surviving brain regions such that they take on new or expanded roles in language processing. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of all articles published between 1995 and early 2020 that have described functional imaging studies of six or more individuals with post-stroke aphasia, and have reported analyses bearing on neuroplasticity of language processing. Each study was characterized and appraised in detail, with particular attention to three critically important methodological issues: task performance confounds, contrast validity, and correction for multiple comparisons. We identified 86 studies describing a total of 561 relevant analyses. We found that methodological limitations related to task performance confounds, contrast validity, and correction for multiple comparisons have been pervasive. Only a few claims about language processing in individuals with aphasia are strongly supported by the extant literature: first, left hemisphere language regions are less activated in individuals with aphasia than neurologically normal controls, and second, in cohorts with aphasia, activity in left hemisphere language regions, and possibly a temporal lobe region in the right hemisphere, is positively correlated with language function. There is modest, equivocal evidence for the claim that individuals with aphasia differentially recruit right hemisphere homotopic regions, but no compelling evidence for differential recruitment of additional left hemisphere regions or domain-general networks. There is modest evidence that left hemisphere language regions return to function over time, but no compelling longitudinal evidence for dynamic reorganization of the language network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Wilson
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah M. Schneck
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nourski KV, Steinschneider M, Rhone AE, Kovach CK, Banks MI, Krause BM, Kawasaki H, Howard MA. Electrophysiology of the Human Superior Temporal Sulcus during Speech Processing. Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:1131-1148. [PMID: 33063098 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The superior temporal sulcus (STS) is a crucial hub for speech perception and can be studied with high spatiotemporal resolution using electrodes targeting mesial temporal structures in epilepsy patients. Goals of the current study were to clarify functional distinctions between the upper (STSU) and the lower (STSL) bank, hemispheric asymmetries, and activity during self-initiated speech. Electrophysiologic properties were characterized using semantic categorization and dialog-based tasks. Gamma-band activity and alpha-band suppression were used as complementary measures of STS activation. Gamma responses to auditory stimuli were weaker in STSL compared with STSU and had longer onset latencies. Activity in anterior STS was larger during speaking than listening; the opposite pattern was observed more posteriorly. Opposite hemispheric asymmetries were found for alpha suppression in STSU and STSL. Alpha suppression in the STS emerged earlier than in core auditory cortex, suggesting feedback signaling within the auditory cortical hierarchy. STSL was the only region where gamma responses to words presented in the semantic categorization tasks were larger in subjects with superior task performance. More pronounced alpha suppression was associated with better task performance in Heschl's gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and STS. Functional differences between STSU and STSL warrant their separate assessment in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Nourski
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mitchell Steinschneider
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ariane E Rhone
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Matthew I Banks
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Bryan M Krause
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Hiroto Kawasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Matthew A Howard
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Russo AG, De Martino M, Mancuso A, Iaconetta G, Manara R, Elia A, Laudanna A, Di Salle F, Esposito F. Semantics-weighted lexical surprisal modeling of naturalistic functional MRI time-series during spoken narrative listening. Neuroimage 2020; 222:117281. [PMID: 32828929 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Probabilistic language models are increasingly used to provide neural representations of linguistic features under naturalistic settings. Word surprisal models can be applied to continuous fMRI recordings during task-free listening of narratives, to detect regions linked to language prediction and comprehension. Here, to this purpose, a novel semantics-weighted lexical surprisal is applied to naturalistic fMRI data. FMRI was performed at 3 Tesla in 31 subjects during task-free listening to a 12-minute audiobook played in both original and word-reversed (control) version. Lexical-only and semantics-weighted lexical surprisal models were estimated for the original and control word series. The two series were alternatively chosen to build the predictor of interest in the first-level general linear model and were compared in the second-level (group) analysis. The addition of the surprisal predictor to the stimulus-related predictors significantly improved the fitting of the neural signal. In average, the semantics-weighted model yielded lower surprisal values and, in some areas, better fitting of the fMRI data compared to the lexical-only model. The two models produced both overlapping and distinct activations: while lexical-only surprisal activated secondary auditory areas in the superior temporal gyri and the cerebellum, semantics-weighted surprisal additionally activated the left inferior frontal gyrus. These results confirm the usefulness of surprisal models in the naturalistic fMRI analysis of linguistic processes and suggest that the use of semantic information may increase the sensitivity of a probabilistic language model in higher-order language-related areas, with possible implications for future naturalistic fMRI studies of language under normal and (clinically or pharmacologically) modified conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G Russo
- Department of Political and Communication Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Maria De Martino
- Department of Political and Communication Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Azzurra Mancuso
- Department of Political and Communication Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giorgio Iaconetta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Renzo Manara
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Annibale Elia
- Department of Political and Communication Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessandro Laudanna
- Department of Political and Communication Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Salle
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Esposito
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Smirnov AS, Melnikova-Pitskhelauri TV, Sharaev MG, Zhukov VY, Pogosbekyan EL, Afandiev RM, Bozhenko AA, Yarkin VE, Chekhonin IV, Buklina SB, Bykanov AE, Ogurtsova AA, Kulikov AS, Bernshtein AV, Burnaev EV, Pitskhelauri DI, Pronin IN. [Resting-state fMRI in preoperative non-invasive mapping in patients with left hemisphere glioma]. ZHURNAL VOPROSY NEĬROKHIRURGII IMENI N. N. BURDENKO 2020; 84:17-25. [PMID: 32759923 DOI: 10.17116/neiro20208404117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Maximum resection and preservation of neurological function are main principles in surgery of brain tumors, especially glial neoplasms with diffuse growth. Therefore, exact localizing of eloquent brain areas is an important component in surgical planning ensuring optimal resection with minimal postoperative neurological deficit. Functional MRI is used to localize eloquent brain areas adjacent to the tumor. This paper is an initial stage in analysis of resting-state fMRI in assessment of functional changes of neuronal activity caused by brain gliomas of different localization. We report two patients with glial tumors localized within the precentral gyrus of the left hemisphere and near speech area. Considering data of task-based and resting-state fMRI, as well as direct cortical stimulation, we propose a methodology for assessing the overlap of activations obtained by these methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Smirnov
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - M G Sharaev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Yu Zhukov
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - A A Bozhenko
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V E Yarkin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - S B Buklina
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - A E Bykanov
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - A S Kulikov
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Bernshtein
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Burnaev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - I N Pronin
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Foesleitner O, Nenning KH, Bartha-Doering L, Baumgartner C, Pataraia E, Moser D, Schwarz M, Schmidbauer V, Hainfellner JA, Czech T, Dorfer C, Langs G, Prayer D, Bonelli S, Kasprian G. Reply. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:E47-E48. [PMID: 32439648 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Foesleitner
- Departments of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy
| | - K-H Nenning
- Departments of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy
| | | | - C Baumgartner
- General Hospital Hietzing with Neurological Center RosenhuegelVienna, Austria
| | | | | | - M Schwarz
- Departments of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy
| | - V Schmidbauer
- Departments of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy
| | | | | | | | - G Langs
- Departments of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy
| | - D Prayer
- Departments of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy
| | | | - G Kasprian
- Departments of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Middlebrooks EH, Sabsevitz DS. The Ubiquitous Use of Resting State as a Control Task for Language Mapping in Task-Based Functional MRI. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:E45-E46. [PMID: 32439649 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E H Middlebrooks
- Departments of Radiology and NeurosurgeryMayo ClinicJacksonville, Florida
| | - D S Sabsevitz
- Department of NeuropsychologyMayo ClinicJacksonville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rolinski R, You X, Gonzalez‐Castillo J, Norato G, Reynolds RC, Inati SK, Theodore WH. Language lateralization from task-based and resting state functional MRI in patients with epilepsy. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:3133-3146. [PMID: 32329951 PMCID: PMC7336139 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared resting state (RS) functional connectivity and task‐based fMRI to lateralize language dominance in 30 epilepsy patients (mean age = 33; SD = 11; 12 female), a measure used for presurgical planning. Language laterality index (LI) was calculated from task fMRI in frontal, temporal, and frontal + temporal regional masks using LI bootstrap method from SPM12. RS language LI was assessed using two novel methods of calculating RS language LI from bilateral Broca's area seed based connectivity maps across regional masks and multiple thresholds (p < .05, p < .01, p < .001, top 10% connections). We compared LI from task and RS fMRI continuous values and dominance classifications. We found significant positive correlations between task LI and RS LI when functional connectivity thresholds were set to the top 10% of connections. Concordance of dominance classifications ranged from 20% to 30% for the intrahemispheric resting state LI method and 50% to 63% for the resting state LI intra‐ minus interhemispheric difference method. Approximately 40% of patients left dominant on task showed RS bilateral dominance. There was no difference in LI concordance between patients with right‐sided and left‐sided resections. Early seizure onset (<6 years old) was not associated with atypical language dominance during task‐based or RS fMRI. While a relationship between task LI and RS LI exists in patients with epilepsy, language dominance is less lateralized on RS than task fMRI. Concordance of language dominance classifications between task and resting state fMRI depends on brain regions surveyed and RS LI calculation method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Rolinski
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeClinical Epilepsy SectionBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Xiaozhen You
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeClinical Epilepsy SectionBethesdaMarylandUSA
- Children's National Medical CenterDepartment of NeurologyWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | | | - Gina Norato
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeClinical Trials UnitBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Richard C. Reynolds
- National Institute of Mental HealthScientific and Statistical Computing CoreBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Sara K. Inati
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeElectroencephalography SectionBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - William H. Theodore
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeClinical Epilepsy SectionBethesdaMarylandUSA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Higgins J, Barbieri E, Wang X, Mack J, Caplan D, Kiran S, Rapp B, Thompson C, Zinbarg R, Parrish T. Reliability of BOLD signals in chronic stroke-induced aphasia. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:3963-3978. [PMID: 32282965 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Investigating the neurobiology of language impairment and treatment in chronic stroke aphasia using fMRI requires an understanding of measurement variability within and between participants. In this multicenter study, we evaluated the scan-rescan reliability of an auditory and visual (written) story comprehension paradigm in stroke participants with aphasia (N = 65) and healthy controls (N = 22). The multi-modal task was conducted twice (~1 week apart) on separate visits upon study enrolment and twice again at completion three months later. A non-language visuomotor task was studied in the aphasia group only, which was conducted once per time point (3 months apart). While participants were asked to make responses during the comprehension task, these in-scanner responses were not recorded. Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) at both group and individual participant levels. The visual story comprehension condition had higher reliability than the auditory condition in both groups, with participants with aphasia exhibiting lower reliability than controls in both conditions (stroke ICC = .43, healthy ICC = .81). Differences in reliability within the group of participants with aphasia were found to be partially explained by overall language impairment as well as greater head motion. In the participants with aphasia, the visuomotor paradigm was found to have greater reliability than the story comprehension task at equivalent interscan intervals (visuomotor = 0.50, comprehension = 0.34), and its reliability was not associated with language impairment. This work highlights the importance of considering the reliability of fMRI tasks in aphasia research, provides strategies to improve reliability and has potential implications for the field of clinical neuroimaging in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Higgins
- Center for the Neurobiology of Language Recovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elena Barbieri
- Center for the Neurobiology of Language Recovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, School of Communication, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Center for the Neurobiology of Language Recovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer Mack
- Center for the Neurobiology of Language Recovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, School of Communication, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - David Caplan
- Center for the Neurobiology of Language Recovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Swathi Kiran
- Center for the Neurobiology of Language Recovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing, College of Health & Rehabilitation, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brenda Rapp
- Center for the Neurobiology of Language Recovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Cognitive Science, Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia Thompson
- Center for the Neurobiology of Language Recovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, School of Communication, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard Zinbarg
- Center for the Neurobiology of Language Recovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Psychology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,The Family Institute at Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Todd Parrish
- Center for the Neurobiology of Language Recovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Guerin JB, Greiner HM, Mangano FT, Leach JL. Functional MRI in Children: Current Clinical Applications. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2020; 33:100800. [PMID: 32331615 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2020.100800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging has become a critical research tool for evaluating brain function during active tasks and resting states. This has improved our understanding of developmental trajectories in children as well as the plasticity of neural networks in disease states. In the clinical setting, functional maps of eloquent cortex in patients with brain lesions and/or epilepsy provides crucial information for presurgical planning. Although children are inherently challenging to scan in this setting, preparing them appropriately and providing adequate resources can help achieve useful clinical data. This article will review the basic underlying physiologic aspects of functional magnetic resonance imaging, review clinically relevant research applications, describe known validation data compared to gold standard techniques and detail future directions of this technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie B Guerin
- Department of Pediatric Radiology and Medical Imaging, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Hansel M Greiner
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Francesco T Mangano
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery, Cincinnati, OH
| | - James L Leach
- Department of Pediatric Radiology and Medical Imaging, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wood AG, Foley E, Virk P, Ruddock H, Joshee P, Murphy K, Seri S. Establishing a Developmentally Appropriate fMRI Paradigm Relevant to Presurgical Mapping of Memory in Children. Brain Topogr 2020; 33:267-274. [PMID: 31865488 PMCID: PMC7066272 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-019-00751-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an established eloquent cortex mapping technique that is now an integral part of the pre-operative work-up in candidates for epilepsy surgery. Emerging evidence in adults with epilepsy suggests that material-specific fMRI paradigms can predict postoperative memory outcomes, however these paradigms are not suitable for children. In pediatric age, the use of memory fMRI paradigms designed for adults is complicated by the effect of developmental stages in cognitive maturation, the impairment experienced by some people with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and the normal representation of memory function during development, which may differ from adults. We present a memory fMRI paradigm designed to activate mesial temporal lobe structures that is brief, independent of reading ability, and therefore a novel candidate for use in children. Data from 33 adults and 19 children (all healthy controls) show that the paradigm captures the expected leftward asymmetry of mesial temporal activation in adults. A more symmetrical pattern was observed in children, consistent with the progressive emergence of hemispheric specialisation across childhood. These data have important implications for the interpretation of presurgical memory fMRI in the pediatric setting. They also highlight the need to carefully consider the impact of cognitive development on fMRI tools used in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda G Wood
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Brain Centre, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood Campus, Deakin, VIC, Australia.
| | - Elaine Foley
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Brain Centre, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Parnpreet Virk
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Brain Centre, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Helen Ruddock
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paras Joshee
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Brain Centre, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Kelly Murphy
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Brain Centre, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Stefano Seri
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Brain Centre, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
- Children's Epilepsy Surgery Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Woodhead ZV, Rutherford HA, Bishop DV. Measurement of language laterality using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound: a comparison of different tasks. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 3:104. [PMID: 30345386 PMCID: PMC6171558 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14720.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Relative blood flow in the two middle cerebral arteries can be measured using functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) to give an index of lateralisation as participants perform a specific task. Language laterality has mostly been studied with fTCD using a word generation task, but it is not clear whether this is optimal. Methods: Using fTCD, we evaluated a sentence generation task that has shown good reliability and strong left lateralisation in fMRI. We interleaved trials of word generation, sentence generation and list generation and assessed agreement of these tasks in 31 participants (29 right-handers). Results: Although word generation and sentence generation both gave robust left-lateralisation, lateralisation was significantly stronger for sentence generation. Bland-Altman analysis showed that these two methods were not equivalent. The comparison list generation task was not systematically lateralised, but nevertheless laterality indices (LIs) from this task were significantly correlated with the other two tasks. Subtracting list generation LI from sentence generation LI did not affect the strength of the laterality index. Conclusions: This was a pre-registered methodological study designed to explore novel approaches to optimising measurement of language lateralisation using fTCD. It confirmed that sentence generation gives robust left lateralisation in most people, but is not equivalent to the classic word generation task. Although list generation does not show left-lateralisation at the group level, the LI on this task was correlated with left-lateralised tasks. This suggests that word and sentence generation involve adding a constant directional bias to an underlying continuum of laterality that is reliable in individuals but not biased in either direction. In future research we suggest that consistency of laterality across tasks might have more functional significance than strength or direction of laterality on any one task.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe V.J. Woodhead
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Woodhead ZVJ, Rutherford HA, Bishop DVM. Measurement of language laterality using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound: a comparison of different tasks. Wellcome Open Res 2020. [PMID: 30345386 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14720.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Relative blood flow in the two middle cerebral arteries can be measured using functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) to give an index of lateralisation as participants perform a specific task. Language laterality has mostly been studied with fTCD using a word generation task, but it is not clear whether this is optimal. Methods: Using fTCD, we evaluated a sentence generation task that has shown good reliability and strong left lateralisation in fMRI. We interleaved trials of word generation, sentence generation and list generation and assessed agreement of these tasks in 31 participants (29 right-handers). Results: Although word generation and sentence generation both gave robust left-lateralisation, lateralisation was significantly stronger for sentence generation. Bland-Altman analysis showed that these two methods were not equivalent. The comparison list generation task was not systematically lateralised, but nevertheless laterality indices (LIs) from this task were significantly correlated with the other two tasks. Subtracting list generation LI from sentence generation LI did not affect the strength of the laterality index. Conclusions: This was a pre-registered methodological study designed to explore novel approaches to optimising measurement of language lateralisation using fTCD. It confirmed that sentence generation gives robust left lateralisation in most people, but is not equivalent to the classic word generation task. Although list generation does not show left-lateralisation at the group level, the LI on this task was correlated with left-lateralised tasks. This suggests that word and sentence generation involve adding a constant directional bias to an underlying continuum of laterality that is reliable in individuals but not biased in either direction. In future research we suggest that consistency of laterality across tasks might have more functional significance than strength or direction of laterality on any one task.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe V J Woodhead
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rejnö-Habte Selassie G, Pegenius G, Karlsson T, Viggedal G, Hallböök T, Elam M. Cortical mapping of receptive language processing in children using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 103:106836. [PMID: 31839497 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We used a stepwise process to develop a new paradigm for preoperative cortical mapping of receptive language in children, using temporary functional blocking with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The method combines short sentences with a lexical decision task in which children are asked to point at a picture that fits a short sentence delivered aurally. This was first tested with 24 healthy children aged 4-16 years. Next, 75 sentences and 25 slides were presented to five healthy children in a clinical setting without TMS. Responses were registered on a separate computer, and facial expressions and hand movements were filmed for later offline review. Technical adjustments were made to combine these elements with the existing TMS equipment. The audio-recorded sentences were presented before the visual stimuli. Sentence lists were constructed to avoid similar stimuli in a row. Two different baseline lists were used before the TMS registration; the second baseline resulted in faster responses and was chosen as the reference for possible response delays induced by TMS. Protocols for offline reviews were constructed. No response, incorrect response, self-correction, delayed response, and perseveration were considered clear stimulation effects, while poor attention, discomfort, and other events were regarded as unclear. Finally, three children (6:2, 14:0, 14:10 years) with epilepsy and expected to undergo neurosurgery were assessed using TMS (left hemisphere in one; both hemispheres in the other two). In the two assessed bilaterally, TMS effects indicated bilateral language processing. Delayed response was the most common error. This is a first attempt to develop a new TMS paradigm for receptive language mapping, and further evaluation is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Göran Pegenius
- Unit of Clinical Neurophysiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tomas Karlsson
- Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gerd Viggedal
- Department of Pediatrics, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital and Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tove Hallböök
- Department of Pediatrics, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital and Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Elam
- Unit of Clinical Neurophysiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Branco P, Seixas D, Castro SL. Mapping language with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging: A study on the functional profile of the language network. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:545-560. [PMID: 31609045 PMCID: PMC7268076 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) is a promising technique for language mapping that does not require task-execution. This can be an advantage when language mapping is limited by poor task performance, as is common in clinical settings. Previous studies have shown that language maps extracted with rsfMRI spatially match their task-based homologs, but no study has yet demonstrated the direct participation of the rsfMRI language network in language processes. This demonstration is critically important because spatial similarity can be influenced by the overlap of domain-general regions that are recruited during task-execution. Furthermore, it is unclear which processes are captured by the language network: does it map rather low-level or high-level (e.g., syntactic and lexico-semantic) language processes? We first identified the rsfMRI language network and then investigated task-based responses within its regions when processing stimuli of increasing linguistic content: symbols, pseudowords, words, pseudosentences and sentences. The language network responded only to language stimuli (not to symbols), and higher linguistic content elicited larger brain responses. The left fronto-parietal, the default mode, and the dorsal attention networks were examined and yet none showed language involvement. These findings demonstrate for the first time that the language network extracted through rsfMRI is able to map language in the brain, including regions subtending higher-level syntactic and semantic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Branco
- Centre for PsychologyUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Daniela Seixas
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - São L. Castro
- Centre for PsychologyUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Oelschlägel M, Meyer T, Morgenstern U, Wahl H, Gerber J, Reiß G, Koch E, Steiner G, Kirsch M, Schackert G, Sobottka SB. Mapping of language and motor function during awake neurosurgery with intraoperative optical imaging. Neurosurg Focus 2020; 48:E3. [PMID: 32006940 DOI: 10.3171/2019.11.focus19759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Intraoperative optical imaging (IOI) is a marker-free, contactless, and noninvasive imaging technique that is able to visualize metabolic changes of the brain surface following neuronal activation. Although it has been used in the past mainly for the identification of functional brain areas under general anesthesia, the authors investigated the potential of the method during awake surgery. Measurements were performed in 10 patients who underwent resection of lesions within or adjacent to cortical language or motor sites. IOI was applied in 3 different scenarios: identification of motor areas by using finger-tapping tasks, identification of language areas by using speech tasks (overt and silent speech), and a novel approach-the application of IOI as a feedback tool during direct electrical stimulation (DES) mapping of language. The functional maps, which were calculated from the IOI data (activity maps), were qualitatively compared with the functional MRI (fMRI) and the electrophysiological testing results during the surgical procedure to assess their potential benefit for surgical decision-making.The results reveal that the intraoperative identification of motor sites with IOI in good agreement with the preoperatively acquired fMRI and the intraoperative electrophysiological measurements is possible. Because IOI provides spatially highly resolved maps with minimal additional hardware effort, the application of the technique for motor site identification seems to be beneficial in awake procedures. The identification of language processing sites with IOI was also possible, but in the majority of cases significant differences between fMRI, IOI, and DES were visible, and therefore according to the authors' findings the IOI results are too unspecific to be useful for intraoperative decision-making with respect to exact language localization. For this purpose, DES mapping will remain the method of choice.Nevertheless, the IOI technique can provide additional value during the language mapping procedure with DES. Using a simple difference imaging approach, the authors were able to visualize and calculate the spatial extent of activation for each stimulation. This might enable surgeons in the future to optimize the mapping process. Additionally, differences between tumor and nontumor stimulation sites were observed with respect to the spatial extent of the changes in cortical optical properties. These findings provide further evidence that the method allows the assessment of the functional state of neurovascular coupling and is therefore suited for the delineation of pathologically altered tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Oelschlägel
- 1Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Tobias Meyer
- 2ABX-CRO Advanced Pharmaceutical Services Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Dresden
| | - Ute Morgenstern
- 3Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Hannes Wahl
- 4Institute and Polyclinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Johannes Gerber
- 4Institute and Polyclinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Gilfe Reiß
- 6Department of Neurosurgery, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Saxony, Germany
| | - Edmund Koch
- 1Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Gerald Steiner
- 1Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Matthias Kirsch
- 5Department of Neurosurgery, Asklepios Kliniken Schildautal Seesen; and
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- 6Department of Neurosurgery, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Saxony, Germany
| | - Stephan B Sobottka
- 6Department of Neurosurgery, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Saxony, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Meinhold T, Hofer W, Pieper T, Kudernatsch M, Staudt M. Presurgical Language fMRI in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults : A Validation Study. Clin Neuroradiol 2020; 30:691-704. [PMID: 31960077 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-019-00852-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To validate four established, child-friendly functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) language tasks (word chain task [WCT], vowel identification task [VIT], synonym task [SYT] and beep story task [BST]) in a predominantly pediatric cohort. METHODS Intracarotid amobarbital procedures (IAP) (n = 17) and unchanged language after hemispherotomy (n = 6) were used as gold standards. The fMRI activations of nine regions of interest (ROI) in the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes as well as in the cerebellum were visually assessed in 23 fMRI examinations (in total 117 fMRI task sessions) of 23 patients (age range 10.0-23.0 years) with drug-refractory epilepsies. RESULTS The ROIs were considered valid when they showed activation in more than 25% of all sessions for the respective task and never showed false lateralization (in comparison to gold standards). Thus, 13 valid, task-specific ROIs were identified: 5 ROIs for the WCT (frontal operculum, inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, intraparietal sulcus, cerebellum), 3 ROIs for the VIT (frontal operculum, inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus), 3 ROIs for the SYT (frontal operculum, inferior frontal gyrus, temporal language area) and 2 ROIs for the BST (inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus). CONCLUSION Clinical fMRI using the battery of four tasks is a valid tool for lateralizing language in children, adolescents and young adults. Each task proved to be specifically useful, which confirms that applying different tasks increases the probability of diagnosing language dominance in presurgical candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Meinhold
- Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation and Epileptology, Schön Clinic Vogtareuth, Krankenhausstraße 20, 83569, Vogtareuth, Germany. .,Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Hofer
- Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation and Epileptology, Schön Clinic Vogtareuth, Krankenhausstraße 20, 83569, Vogtareuth, Germany
| | - Tom Pieper
- Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation and Epileptology, Schön Clinic Vogtareuth, Krankenhausstraße 20, 83569, Vogtareuth, Germany
| | - Manfred Kudernatsch
- Center for Neurosurgery and Epilepsy Surgery, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth, Germany.,Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation", PMU Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Staudt
- Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation and Epileptology, Schön Clinic Vogtareuth, Krankenhausstraße 20, 83569, Vogtareuth, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wilson SM, Eriksson DK, Yen M, Demarco AT, Schneck SM, Lucanie JM. Language Mapping in Aphasia. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2019; 62:3937-3946. [PMID: 31756153 PMCID: PMC7203526 DOI: 10.1044/2019_jslhr-l-rsnp-19-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Recovery from aphasia is thought to depend on neural plasticity, that is, functional reorganization of surviving brain regions such that they take on new or expanded roles in language processing. To make progress in characterizing the nature of this process, we need feasible, reliable, and valid methods for identifying language regions of the brain in individuals with aphasia. This article reviews 3 recent studies from our lab in which we have developed and validated several novel functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigms for language mapping in aphasia. Method In the 1st study, we investigated the reliability and validity of 4 language mapping paradigms in neurologically normal older adults. In the 2nd study, we developed a novel adaptive semantic matching paradigm and assessed its feasibility, reliability, and validity in individuals with and without aphasia. In the 3rd study, we developed and evaluated 2 additional adaptive paradigms-rhyme judgment and syllable counting-for mapping phonological encoding regions. Results We found that the adaptive semantic matching paradigm could be performed by most individuals with aphasia and yielded reliable and valid maps of core perisylvian language regions in each individual participant. The psychometric properties of this paradigm were superior to those of other commonly used paradigms such as narrative comprehension and picture naming. The adaptive rhyme judgment paradigm was capable of identifying fronto-parietal phonological encoding regions in individual participants. Conclusion Adaptive language mapping paradigms offer a promising approach for future research on the neural basis of recovery from aphasia. Presentation Video https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.10257584.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Wilson
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Dana K. Eriksson
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Melodie Yen
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Sarah M. Schneck
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jillian M. Lucanie
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Agarwal S, Sair HI, Gujar S, Pillai JJ. Language Mapping With fMRI: Current Standards and Reproducibility. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 28:225-233. [PMID: 31385902 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0000000000000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Clinical use of blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a relatively new phenomenon, with only about 3 decades of collective experience. Nevertheless, task-based BOLD fMRI has been widely accepted for presurgical planning, over traditional methods, which are invasive and at times perilous. Many studies have demonstrated the ability of BOLD fMRI to make substantial clinical impact with respect to surgical planning and preoperative risk assessment, especially to localize the eloquent motor and visual areas. Reproducibility and repeatability of language fMRI are important in the assessment of its clinical usefulness. There are national efforts currently underway to standardize language fMRI. The American Society of Functional Neuroradiology (ASFNR) has recently provided guidelines on fMRI paradigm algorithms for presurgical language assessment for language lateralization and localization. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive overview of current standards of language fMRI mapping and its reproducibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Agarwal
- Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Haris I Sair
- Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sachin Gujar
- Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jay J Pillai
- Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Mapping critical hubs of receptive and expressive language using MEG: A comparison against fMRI. Neuroimage 2019; 201:116029. [PMID: 31325641 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the widespread language network makes it challenging for accurate localization and lateralization. Using large-scale connectivity and graph-theoretical analyses of task-based magnetoencephalography (MEG), we aimed to provide robust representations of receptive and expressive language processes, comparable with spatial profiles of corresponding functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We examined MEG and fMRI data from 12 healthy young adults (age 20-37 years) completing covert auditory word-recognition task (WRT) and covert auditory verb-generation task (VGT). For MEG language mapping, broadband (3-30 Hz) beamformer sources were estimated, voxel-level connectivity was quantified using phase locking value, and highly connected hubs were characterized using eigenvector centrality graph measure. fMRI data were analyzed using a classic general linear model approach. A laterality index (LI) was computed for 20 language-specific frontotemporal regions for both MEG and fMRI. MEG network analysis showed bilateral and symmetrically distributed hubs within the left and right superior temporal gyrus (STG) during WRT and predominant hubs in left inferior prefrontal gyrus (IFG) during VGT. MEG and fMRI localization maps showed high correlation values within frontotemporal regions during WRT and VGT (r = 0.63, 0.74, q < 0.05, respectively). Despite good concordance in localization, notable discordances were observed in lateralization between MEG and fMRI. During WRT, MEG favored a left-hemispheric dominance of left STG (LI = 0.25 ± 0.22) whereas fMRI supported a bilateral representation of STG (LI = 0.08 ± 0.2). Laterality of MEG and fMRI during VGT consistently showed a strong asymmetry in left IFG regions (MEG-LI = 0.45 ± 0.35 and fMRI-LI = 0.46 ± 0.13). Our results demonstrate the utility of a large-scale connectivity and graph theoretical analyses for robust identification of language-specific regions. MEG hubs are in great agreement with the literature in revealing with canonical and extra-canonical language sites, thus providing additional support for the underlying topological organization of receptive and expressive language cortices. Discordances in lateralization may emphasize the need for multimodal integration of MEG and fMRI to obtain an excellent predictive value in a heterogeneous healthy population and patients with neurosurgical conditions.
Collapse
|