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Amini MR, Payandeh N, Sheikhhossein F, Shahinfar H, Pourreza S, Hekmatdoost A. Effect of Tart Cherry Juice Consumption on Body Composition and Anthropometric Measures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Nutr Res 2023; 12:65-76. [PMID: 36793776 PMCID: PMC9900077 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2023.12.1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present systematic review and meta-analysis were accomplished to understand the effects of tart cherry juice consumption on body composition and anthropometric measures. Five databases were searched using relevant keywords from inception to January 2022. All clinical trials investigating the effect of tart cherry juice consumption on body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and percentage body fat (PBF) were included. Out of 441 citations, 6 trials that enrolled 126 subjects were included. Tart cherry juice consumption significantly did not reduce BW (weighted mean difference [WMD], -0.4 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI], -3.25 to 2.46; p = 0.789; GRADE = low), BMI (WMD, -0.07 kg/m2; 95% CI, -0.89 to 0.74; p = 0.857; GRADE = low), FM (WMD, 0.21 kg; 95% CI, -1.83 to 2.25; p = 0.837; GRADE = low), FFM (WMD, -0.12 kg; 95% CI, -2.47 to 2.27; p = 0.919; GRADE = low), WC (WMD, 1.69 cm; 95% CI, -1.88 to 5.27; p = 0.353; GRADE = low), and PBF (WMD, 0.18%; 95% CI, -1.81 to -2.17; p = 0.858; GRADE = low). Overall, these data suggest that tart cherry juice consumption has no significant effect on BW, BMI, FM, FFM, WC, and PBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Amini
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran
| | - Nastaran Payandeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sheikhhossein
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Hossein Shahinfar
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran
| | - Sanaz Pourreza
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran
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Nikparast A, Sheikhhossein F, Amini MR, Tavakoli S, Hekmatdoost A. The Effects of Blackcurrant and Raspberry Consumption on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Nutr Res 2023; 12:54-64. [PMID: 36793778 PMCID: PMC9900079 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2023.12.1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis were designed to summarize studies conducted on the effects of raspberry and blackcurrant consumption on blood pressure (BP). Eligible studies were detected by searching numerous five online databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, until December 17, 2022. We pooled the mean difference and its 95% confidence interval (CI) by applying a random-effects model. Overall, the impact of raspberry and blackcurrant on BP was reported in ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (420 subjects). Pooled analysis of six clinical trials revealed that raspberry consumption has no significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (weighted mean differences [WMDs], -1.42; 95% CI, -3.27 to 0.87; p = 0.224) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (WMD, -0.53; 95% CI, -1.77 to 0.71; p = 0.401), in comparison with placebo. Moreover, pooled analysis of four clinical trials indicated that blackcurrant consumption did not reduce SBP (WMD, -1.46; 95% CI, -6.62 to 3.7; p = 0.579), and DBP (WMD, -2.09; 95% CI, -4.38 to 0.20; p = 0.07). Raspberry and blackcurrant consumption elicited no significant reductions in BP. More accurate RCTs are required to clarify the impact of raspberry and blackcurrant intake on BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nikparast
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sheikhhossein
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Amini
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran
| | - Sogand Tavakoli
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran
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Impact of epicatechin on fibrin clot structure. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 893:173830. [PMID: 33347819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fibrin clot structure and function are major determinants of thromboembolic diseases. The study aim was to determine the impact of epicatechin (a flavonoid with cardiovascular protective effects) on fibrin clot structure and permeability. Plasma samples from 12 healthy subjects were incubated with increasing concentrations of epicatechin. Turbidity of fibrin clot was analyzed by absorbance measurement at 405 nm. The fibrin clot nanostructure was determined by scanning spectrometry (wavelength from 500 to 800 nm) and fibrin fiber size by electron microscopy. Permeability was analyzed to assess the fibrin clot functional properties. Epicatechin addition increased the maximum absorbance from 0.34 ± 0.066 (vehicle) to 0.35 ± 0.077 (P = 0.1), 0.35 ± 0.072 (P < 0.05) and 0.34 ± 0.065 (P = 0.5) for 1, 10 and 100 μM epicatechin, respectively. Epicatechin increased the fibrin clot fiber radius (nm) from 109.2 ± 3.2 (vehicle) to 108.9 ± 4.3 (P = 0.9), 110.0 ± 3.6 (P < 0.05) and 109.5 ± 3.3 (P = 0.4), and the distance between protofibrils (nm) from 22.2 ± 1.5 (vehicle) to 22.1 ± 2.3 (P = 0.9), 22.6 ± 1.8 (P < 0.05) and 22.3 ± 1.8 (P = 0.9) for 1, 10 and 100 μM epicatechin respectively. Electron microscopy confirmed these changes. Fibrin clot permeability, expressed as Darcy's constant (Ks, cm2), increased from 2.97 ± 1.17 (vehicle) to 3.36 ± 1.21 (P < 0.05), 3.81 ± 1.41 (P < 0.01) and 3.38 ± 1.33 (P = 0.9). Upon epicatechin addition, the fibrin clot structure became less dense and more permeable.
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Namdeo AG, Boddu SHS, Amawi H, Ashby CR, Tukaramrao DB, Trivedi P, Babu RJ, Tiwari AK. Flavonoids as Multi-Target Compounds: A Special Emphasis on their Potential as Chemo-adjuvants in Cancer Therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1712-1728. [PMID: 32003663 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200128095248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are low molecular weight, polyphenolic phytochemicals, obtained from secondary metabolism of various plant compounds. They have a spectrum of pharmacological efficacies, including potential anticancer efficacy. Natural flavonoids are present in fruits, vegetables, grains, bark, roots, stems, flowers, tea and wine. Flavonoids can attenuate or inhibit the initiation, promotion and progression of cancer by modulating various enzymes and receptors in diverse pathways that involve cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, in vitro, flavonoids have been shown to reverse multidrug resistance when used as chemo-adjuvants. Flavonoids (both natural and synthetic analogues) interact with several oncogenic targets through dependent and independent mechanisms to mediate their anticancer efficacy in different types of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay G Namdeo
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haneen Amawi
- Department of Pharmacy practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, P.O. BOX 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States
| | - Diwakar B Tukaramrao
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States
| | - Piyush Trivedi
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - R Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States
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Fragopoulou E, Antonopoulou S. The French paradox three decades later: Role of inflammation and thrombosis. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:160-169. [PMID: 32653485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although, three decades have pasted from the introduction of "French Paradox", is still an issue for debate. Epidemiology supports the J-shaped relationship between wine consumption and vascular events as well as cardiovascular mortality with a maximum protection at 21 g of alcohol consumption in the form of wine per day. Nevertheless, the aforementioned studies have used an observational design that raises concerns about potential confounding. Randomized clinical studies may provide data to end the controversy and in parallel with in vitro experiments to elucidate the mechanisms by which wine affects cardiovascular disease. In this concept, this review aims to address the presence of bioactive wine micro constituents, their potential mechanisms of action and also to summarize the cardio-protective effects of wine intake based on clinical trials. The role of wine micro-constituents in inflammation and haemostasis is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Fragopoulou
- School of Health Science and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Greece.
| | - Smaragdi Antonopoulou
- School of Health Science and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Greece
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Sinegre T, Teissandier D, Milenkovic D, Morand C, Lebreton A. Epicatechin influences primary hemostasis, coagulation and fibrinolysis. Food Funct 2019; 10:7291-7298. [PMID: 31621731 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00816k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The different stages of hemostasis (i.e., primary hemostasis, coagulation and fibrinolysis) are involved in the early atherothrombosis steps. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of epicatechin, a major flavonoid compound, on the hemostasis phenotype using clinically relevant in vitro global assays that mimic the complexity of the in vivo hemostasis systems. Plasma samples from 10 healthy volunteers were spiked with increasing concentrations of epicatechin (1 to 100 μM). Epicatechin effect on primary hemostasis, coagulation and fibrinolysis was assessed by measuring platelet aggregation using light transmission aggregometry, thrombin generation and clot lysis time (CLT), respectively. Epicatechin (100 μM) significantly decreased the maximal platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (-39%), thrombin receptor activating peptide (-48%), epinephrine (-30%), and collagen (-30%). The endogenous thrombin potential was significantly reduced starting from 1 μM epicatechin (1332 ± 230 versus 1548 ± 241 nM min for control) (p < 0.01). Fibrinolysis was promoted by epicatechin, as indicated by CLT decrease by 16 and 33% with 10 and 100 μM epicatechin respectively, compared with control (1271 ± 775 s). These findings show that epicatechin reduces platelet function and leads to an anticoagulant and pro-fibrinolytic profile, providing new evidence of its interest for cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sinegre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France. and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, service d'hématologie biologique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dorian Teissandier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Christine Morand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Aurélien Lebreton
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France. and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, service d'hématologie biologique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Singh AP, Singh R, Verma SS, Rai V, Kaschula CH, Maiti P, Gupta SC. Health benefits of resveratrol: Evidence from clinical studies. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1851-1891. [PMID: 30741437 DOI: 10.1002/med.21565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a polyphenolic nutraceutical that exhibits pleiotropic activities in human subjects. The efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of resveratrol have been documented in over 244 clinical trials, with an additional 27 clinical trials currently ongoing. Resveretrol is reported to potentially improve the therapeutic outcome in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus, obesity, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, multiple myeloma, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, inflammatory diseases, and rhinopharyngitis. The polyphenol is reported to be safe at doses up to 5 g/d, when used either alone or as a combination therapy. The molecular basis for the pleiotropic activities of resveratrol are based on its ability to modulate multiple cell signaling molecules such as cytokines, caspases, matrix metalloproteinases, Wnt, nuclear factor-κB, Notch, 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase, intercellular adhesion molecule, vascular cell adhesion molecule, sirtuin type 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α, insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3, Ras association domain family 1α, pAkt, vascular endothelial growth factor, cyclooxygenase 2, nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2, and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1. Although the clinical utility of resveratrol is well documented, the rapid metabolism and poor bioavailability have limited its therapeutic use. In this regard, the recently produced micronized resveratrol formulation called SRT501, shows promise. This review discusses the currently available clinical data on resveratrol in the prevention, management, and treatment of various diseases and disorders. Based on the current evidence, the potential utility of this molecule in the clinic is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhand Pratap Singh
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Rachna Singh
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sumit Singh Verma
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vipin Rai
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Catherine H Kaschula
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Pralay Maiti
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Subash Chandra Gupta
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Pandith SA, Dar RA, Lattoo SK, Shah MA, Reshi ZA. Rheum australe, an endangered high-value medicinal herb of North Western Himalayas: a review of its botany, ethnomedical uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2018; 17:573-609. [PMID: 32214920 PMCID: PMC7088705 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-018-9551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rheum australe (Himalayan Rhubarb) is a multipurpose, endemic and endangered medicinal herb of North Western Himalayas. It finds extensive use as a medicinal herb since antiquity in different traditional systems of medicine to cure a wide range of ailments related to the circulatory, digestive, endocrine, respiratory and skeletal systems as well as to treat various infectious diseases. The remedying properties of this plant species are ascribed to a set of diverse bioactive secondary metabolite constituents, particularly anthraquinones (emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, aloe-emodin and rhein) and stilbenoids (piceatannol, resveratrol), besides dietary flavonoids known for their putative health benefits. Recent studies demonstrate the pharmacological efficacy of some of these metabolites and/or their derivatives as lead molecules for the treatment of various human diseases. Present review comprehensively covers the literature available on R. australe from 1980 to early 2018. The review provides up-to-date information available on its botany for easy identification of the plant, and origin and historical perspective detailing its trade and commerce. Distribution, therapeutic potential in relation to traditional uses and pharmacology, phytochemistry and general biosynthesis of major chemical constituents are also discussed. Additionally, efficient and reproducible in vitro propagation studies holding vital significance in preserving the natural germplasm of the plant and for its industrial exploitation have also been highlighted. The review presents a detailed perspective for future studies to conserve and sustainably make use of this endangered plant species at a commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad A Pandith
- 1Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
| | - Riyaz Ahmad Dar
- 1Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
| | - Surrinder K Lattoo
- 2Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001 India
| | - Manzoor A Shah
- 1Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
| | - Zafar A Reshi
- 1Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
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Lamuela-Raventós RM, Romero-Pérez AI, Andrés-Lacueva C, Tornero A. Review: Health Effects of Cocoa Flavonoids. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013205054498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are phenolic substances widely found in fruits and vegetables. Many epidemiological studies associate the ingestion of flavonoids with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer. These effects are due to the physiological activity of flavonoids in the reduction of oxidative stress, inhibiting low-density lipoproteins (LDL) oxidation and platelet aggregation, acting as vasodilators in blood vessels, inhibiting the adherence of monocytes to the vascular endothelium, promoting fibrinolysis, acting as immunomodulators and anti-inflammatory agents and as inhibitors in the different phases of tumour process. Cocoa is an important source of polyphenols, which comprise 12-18% of its total weight on dry basis; the major phenolic compounds are epicatechin, proanthocyanidins and cate-chin. The levels of flavonoids contained are higher than the ones founds in apples, onions or wine, foods known for their high amount of phenolic compounds. Cocoa and cocoa products are important sources of flavonoids in our diet. In the Dutch population chocolate contributes up to 20% of the total flavonoid intake in adults, and in children the percentage is even higher. The bioavailability of these compounds depends on other food constituents, and their interaction with the food matrix. This article reviews current evidence on the health effects of cocoa flavonoids in our diet. The compiled data supports the premise that the consumption of cocoa flavonoids is beneficial to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. M. Lamuela-Raventós
- Nutrició i Bromatologia, CÈRTA, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,
| | - A. I. Romero-Pérez
- Nutrició i Bromatologia, CÈRTA, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Andrés-Lacueva
- Nutrició i Bromatologia, CÈRTA, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Tornero
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Environment, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, UK
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10
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Hamed SS, Al-Yhya NA, El-Khadragy MF, Al-Olayan EM, Alajmi RA, Hassan ZK, Hassan SB, Abdel Moneim AE. The Protective Properties of the Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats Mediated by Anti-Apoptotic and Upregulation of Antioxidant Genes Expression Effects. Front Physiol 2016; 7:325. [PMID: 27547187 PMCID: PMC4974471 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) has been extensively used to treat a wide range of ailments in many cultures. The present study was aimed at evaluating the hepatoprotective effect of strawberry juice on experimentally induced liver injury in rats. To this end, rats were introperitoneally injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) with or without strawberry juice supplementation for 12 weeks and the hepatoprotective effect of strawberry was assessed by measuring serum liver enzyme markers, hepatic tissue redox status and apoptotic markers with various techniques including biochemistry, ELISA, quantitative PCR assays and histochemistry. The hepatoprotective effect of the strawberry was evident by preventing CCl4-induced increase in liver enzymes levels. Determination of oxidative balance showed that strawberry treatment significantly blunted CCl4-induced increase in oxidative stress markers and decrease in enzymatic and non-enzymatic molecules in hepatic tissue. Furthermore, strawberry supplementation enhanced the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2, and restrained the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 with a marked reduction in collagen areas in hepatic tissue. These findings demonstrated that strawberry (F. ananassa) juice possessed antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-fibrotic properties, probably mediated by the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherifa S Hamed
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria UniversityAlexandria, Egypt
| | - Nouf A Al-Yhya
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal F El-Khadragy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia; Chair Vaccines Research of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan UniversityCairo, Egypt
| | - Ebtesam M Al-Olayan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia; Chair Vaccines Research of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem A Alajmi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeinab K Hassan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Cancer, National Cancer Institute, Cairo UniversityCairo, Egypt
| | - Salwa B Hassan
- College of Medicine, Princess Nora Bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Medicine, Fayoum UniversityFayoum, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Kerimi A, Williamson G. At the interface of antioxidant signalling and cellular function: Key polyphenol effects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1770-88. [PMID: 26887821 PMCID: PMC5021119 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis that dietary (poly)phenols promote well‐being by improving chronic disease‐risk biomarkers, such as endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation and plasma uric acid, is the subject of intense current research, involving human interventions studies, animal models and in vitro mechanistic work. The original claim that benefits were due to the direct antioxidant properties of (poly)phenols has been mostly superseded by detailed mechanistic studies on specific molecular targets. Nevertheless, many proposed mechanisms in vivo and in vitro are due to modulation of oxidative processes, often involving binding to specific proteins and effects on cell signalling. We review the molecular mechanisms for 3 actions of (poly)phenols on oxidative processes where there is evidence in vivo from human intervention or animal studies. (1) Effects of (poly) phenols on pathways of chronic inflammation leading to prevention of some of the damaging effects associated with the metabolic syndrome. (2) Interaction of (poly)phenols with endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, leading to effects on blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction, and consequent reduction in cardiovascular disease risk. (3) The inhibition of xanthine oxidoreductase leading to modulation of intracellular superoxide and plasma uric acid, a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asimina Kerimi
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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12
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Jeong HS, Hong SJ, Cho JY, Lee TB, Kwon JW, Joo HJ, Park JH, Yu CW, Lim DS. Effects of Rubus occidentalis extract on blood pressure in patients with prehypertension: Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Nutrition 2015; 32:461-7. [PMID: 26740254 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) is known for improving vascular function. However, there has been no study evaluating its effects on 24-h systolic and diastolic blood pressure in prehypertensive patients. The aim of this study was to examine those effects. METHODS Patients with prehypertension (N = 45) were prospectively randomized into a moderate-dose black raspberry group (n = 15, 1500 mg/d), a high-dose black raspberry group (n = 15, 2500 mg/d), or a placebo group (n = 15) during an 8-wk follow-up period. Raspberries were consumed in the form of a dried powder extract that was fashioned into capsules. The capsules contained 187.5 and 312.5 mg of raspberry powder, which was equivalent to 1500 and 2500 mg raspberries. Ambulatory 24-h blood pressure (BP); central BP; pulse-wave velocity; abdominal visceral fat; serum renin; angiotensin-converting enzyme; and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were measured at baseline and at 8-wk follow-up. RESULTS High-dose black raspberry significantly reduced 24-h systolic blood pressure (SBP; 3.3 ± 10 mm Hg versus -6.7 ± 11.8 mm Hg; P < 0.05) and nighttime SBP (5.4 ± 10.6 mm Hg versus -4.5 ± 11.3 mm Hg; P < 0.05) compared with controls during the 8-wk follow-up. Black raspberry powder did not produce any significant changes in most of the parameters other than BP. CONCLUSION The use of black raspberry significantly lowered 24-h BP in prehypertensive patients during the 8-wk follow-up. Black raspberry used as a dietary supplement could be beneficial in reducing SBP in prehypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Saem Jeong
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Jun Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jae Young Cho
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Bum Lee
- Gochang Black Raspberry Research Institute, Gochang-gun, Korea
| | - Ji-Wung Kwon
- Gochang Black Raspberry Research Institute, Gochang-gun, Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Joo
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyoung Park
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Woong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Sun Lim
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Xiang Z, Sun H, Cai X, Chen D, Zheng X. The study on the material basis and the mechanism for anti-renal interstitial fibrosis efficacy of rhubarb through integration of metabonomics and network pharmacology. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:1067-78. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00573b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cooperative material basis of the multi-component and multi-target mechanism of action of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is difficult to elucidate because of the current lack of appropriate techniques and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou 325035
- China
| | - Hao Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou 325035
- China
| | - Xiaojun Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou 325035
- China
| | - Dahui Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou 325035
- China
| | - Xiaoyong Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou 325035
- China
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14
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Cho KS, Lee EJ, Kwon KJ, Gonzales ELT, Kim YB, Cheong JH, Bahn GH, Lee J, Han SH, Kim YT, Shin CY. Resveratrol down-regulates a glutamate-induced tissue plasminogen activator via Erk and AMPK/mTOR pathways in rat primary cortical neurons. Food Funct 2014; 5:951-60. [PMID: 24599349 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60397k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene, RSV) is a polyphenolic compound present in a variety of plant species (including grapes) that produces a myriad of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. In this study, we investigate the effects of resveratrol on the basal and glutamate-stimulated expression and activity of a tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) that plays neuromodulatory or neurotoxic roles in many different neurological situations. Under basal conditions, resveratrol decreased the tPA expression and activity without affecting the tPA mRNA level in rat primary cortical neurons. RSV induced AMPK phosphorylation and inhibited mTOR phosphorylation. Inhibition of AMPK phosphorylation using compound C prevented resveratrol-induced down-regulation of tPA activity. This suggested that AMPK/mTOR-dependent translational inhibition contributes to the down-regulation of the tPA. Under glutamate-stimulated conditions of rat primary cortical neurons, tPA activity and expression were increased along with increased tPA mRNA expression but afterward treatment of RSV inhibited the glutamate-induced increase in tPA activity and expression and tPA mRNA expression. Glutamate stimulation induced activation of Akt and MAPK pathways as well as mTOR which were inhibited by RSV. Interestingly, the Erk pathway inhibitor U0126, but neither PI3K-Akt inhibitor LY294002 nor p38 inhibitor SB203580, mimicked the inhibitory action of RSV on glutamate-induced tPA up-regulation. This suggested the essential role of Erk in the transcriptional up-regulation of tPA expression, which is targeted by RSV. Glutamate stimulation induced neuronal cell death as determined by PI staining and MTT assay. However, RSV protected the cultured rat primary cortical neurons from glutamate-induced cell death as paralleled with the changes in tPA expression. These results suggested that RSV can modulate tPA activity under basal and stimulated conditions by both translational and transcriptional mechanisms. The regulation of the tPA by RSV provides additional therapeutic targets on top of the growing number of molecular substrates of RSV's action in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Suk Cho
- Department of Neuroscience and Institute of Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
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15
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von Känel R, Meister RE, Stutz M, Kummer P, Arpagaus A, Huber S, Ehlert U, Wirtz PH. Effects of dark chocolate consumption on the prothrombotic response to acute psychosocial stress in healthy men. Thromb Haemost 2014; 112:1151-8. [PMID: 25208561 DOI: 10.1160/th14-05-0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Flavanoid-rich dark chocolate consumption benefits cardiovascular health, but underlying mechanisms are elusive. We investigated the acute effect of dark chocolate on the reactivity of prothrombotic measures to psychosocial stress. Healthy men aged 20-50 years (mean ± SD: 35.7 ± 8.8) were assigned to a single serving of either 50 g of flavonoid-rich dark chocolate (n=31) or 50 g of optically identical flavonoid-free placebo chocolate (n=34). Two hours after chocolate consumption, both groups underwent an acute standardised psychosocial stress task combining public speaking and mental arithmetic. We determined plasma levels of four stress-responsive prothrombotic measures (i. e., fibrinogen, clotting factor VIII activity, von Willebrand Factor antigen, fibrin D-dimer) prior to chocolate consumption, immediately before and after stress, and at 10 minutes and 20 minutes after stress cessation. We also measured the flavonoid epicatechin, and the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine in plasma. The dark chocolate group showed a significantly attenuated stress reactivity of the hypercoagulability marker D-dimer (F=3.87, p=0.017) relative to the placebo chocolate group. Moreover, the blunted D-dimer stress reactivity related to higher plasma levels of the flavonoid epicatechin assessed before stress (F=3.32, p = 0.031) but not to stress-induced changes in catecholamines (p's=0.35). There were no significant group differences in the other coagulation measures (p's≥0.87). Adjustments for covariates did not alter these findings. In conclusion, our findings indicate that a single consumption of flavonoid-rich dark chocolate blunted the acute prothrombotic response to psychosocial stress, thereby perhaps mitigating the risk of acute coronary syndromes triggered by emotional stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - P H Wirtz
- Petra H. Wirtz, PhD, Work and Health Psychology, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany, Tel.: +49 7531 88 4043; Fax: +49 7531 88 3143, E-mail:
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Tang PCT, Ng YF, Ho S, Gyda M, Chan SW. Resveratrol and cardiovascular health--promising therapeutic or hopeless illusion? Pharmacol Res 2014; 90:88-115. [PMID: 25151891 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a natural polyphenolic compound that exists in Polygonum cuspidatum, grapes, peanuts and berries, as well as their manufactured products, especially red wine. Resveratrol is a pharmacologically active compound that interacts with multiple targets in a variety of cardiovascular disease models to exert protective effects or induce a reduction in cardiovascular risks parameters. This review attempts to primarily serve to summarize the current research findings regarding the putative cardioprotective effects of resveratrol and the molecular pathways underlying these effects. One intent is to hopefully provide a relatively comprehensive resource for clues that may prompt ideas for additional mechanistic studies which might further elucidate and strengthen the role of the stilbene family of compounds in cardiovascular disease and cardioprotection. Model systems that incorporate a significant functional association with tissues outside of the cardiovascular system proper, such as adipose (cell culture, obesity models) and pancreatic (diabetes) tissues, were reviewed, and the molecular pathways and/or targets related to these models and influenced by resveratrol are discussed. Because the body of work encompassing the stilbenes and other phytochemicals in the context of longevity and the ability to presumably mitigate a plethora of afflictions is replete with conflicting information and controversy, especially so with respect to the human response, we tried to remain as neutral as possible in compiling and presenting the more current data with minimal commentary, permitting the reader free reign to extract the knowledge most helpful to their own investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Chiu-Tsun Tang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yam-Fung Ng
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Susan Ho
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael Gyda
- Life Sciences Multimedia Productions, Drexel Hill, PA, USA.
| | - Shun-Wan Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Shenzhen, China; Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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Lavrentiadou SN, Tsantarliotou MP, Zervos IA, Nikolaidis E, Georgiadis MP, Taitzoglou IA. CCl4 induces tissue-type plasminogen activator in rat brain; protective effects of oregano, rosemary or vitamin E. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 61:196-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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18
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19
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Olave NC, Grenett MH, Cadeiras M, Grenett HE, Higgins PJ. Upstream stimulatory factor-2 mediates quercetin-induced suppression of PAI-1 gene expression in human endothelial cells. J Cell Biochem 2011; 111:720-6. [PMID: 20626032 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The polyphenol quercetin (Quer) represses expression of the cardiovascular disease risk factor plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in cultured endothelial cells (ECs). Transfection of PAI-1 promoter-luciferase reporter deletion constructs identified a 251-bp fragment (nucleotides -800 to -549) responsive to Quer. Two E-box motifs (CACGTG), at map positions -691 (E-box1) and -575 (E-box2), are platforms for occupancy by several members of the c-MYC family of basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) proteins. Promoter truncation and electrophoretic mobility shift/supershift analyses identified upstream stimulatory factor (USF)-1 and USF-2 as E-box1/E-box2 binding factors. ECs co-transfected with a 251 bp PAI-1 promoter fragment containing the two E-box motifs (p251/luc) and a USF-2 expression vector (pUSF-2/pcDNA) exhibited reduced luciferase activity versus p251/luc alone. Overexpression of USF-2 decreased, while transfection of a dominant-negative USF construct increased, EC growth consistent with the known anti-proliferative properties of USF proteins. Quer-induced decreases in PAI-1 expression and reduced cell proliferation may contribute, at least in part, to the cardioprotective benefit associated with daily intake of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nélida C Olave
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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20
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Cale JM, Li SH, Warnock M, Su EJ, North PR, Sanders KL, Puscau MM, Emal CD, Lawrence DA. Characterization of a novel class of polyphenolic inhibitors of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:7892-902. [PMID: 20061381 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.067967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, (PAI-1) the primary inhibitor of the tissue-type (tPA) and urokinase-type (uPA) plasminogen activators, has been implicated in a wide range of pathological processes, making it an attractive target for pharmacologic inhibition. Currently available small-molecule inhibitors of PAI-1 bind with relatively low affinity and do not inactivate PAI-1 in the presence of its cofactor, vitronectin. To search for novel PAI-1 inhibitors with improved potencies and new mechanisms of action, we screened a library selected to provide a range of biological activities and structural diversity. Five potential PAI-1 inhibitors were identified, and all were polyphenolic compounds including two related, naturally occurring plant polyphenols that were structurally similar to compounds previously shown to provide cardiovascular benefit in vivo. Unique second generation compounds were synthesized and characterized, and several showed IC(50) values for PAI-1 between 10 and 200 nm. This represents an enhanced potency of 10-1000-fold over previously reported PAI-1 inactivators. Inhibition of PAI-1 by these compounds was reversible, and their primary mechanism of action was to block the initial association of PAI-1 with a protease. Consistent with this mechanism and in contrast to previously described PAI-1 inactivators, these compounds inactivate PAI-1 in the presence of vitronectin. Two of the compounds showed efficacy in ex vivo plasma and one blocked PAI-1 activity in vivo in mice. These data describe a novel family of high affinity PAI-1-inactivating compounds with improved characteristics and in vivo efficacy, and suggest that the known cardiovascular benefits of dietary polyphenols may derive in part from their inactivation of PAI-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Cale
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0644, USA
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21
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Resveratrol as an Angiogenesis Inhibitor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420026474.ch9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Red wine metabolites modulate NF-κB, activator protein-1 and cAMP response element-binding proteins in human endothelial cells. Br J Nutr 2009; 103:807-14. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114509992479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the effect of human serum, collected after red wine consumption (RWS), on TNF-α-dependent activation of transcription factors (NF-κB, activator protein-1 (AP-1) and cAMP response element-binding proteins) and on the expression of selected genes involved in cell adhesion or fibrinolysis processes in human primary endothelial cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)). Our data indicate that RWS containing RW metabolites, isolated after 40 min from an acute consume of wine (5 ml/kg body weight), induces nuclear translocation of NF-κB and AP-1 in the absence of any further stimulus. On the other hand, TNF-α treatment in the presence of RWS is associated with a delay in transcription factor activation and to a negative modulation on the expression of specific genes. Moreover, RWS stimulates c-jun binding to the tissue-type plasminogen activator cAMP responsive element consensus site modulating the expression of the specific gene downstream. These results confirm that RW metabolites affect the activity of different transcription factors playing an important preconditioning role in the modulation of the inflammatory pathway in endothelial cells. This is the first report on the effects of a complex food matrix, on the molecular mechanisms associated with inflammatory response in HUVEC cultured in condition that reproduces the physiological environment occurring in vivo.
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that consumption of wine, grape products, and other foods containing polyphenols is associated with decreased risk for cardiovascular disease. The benefits of wine consumption appear to be greater than other alcoholic beverages. Experimental studies indicate that grape polyphenols could reduce atherosclerosis by a number of mechanisms, including inhibition of oxidation of LDL and other favorable effects on cellular redox state, improvement of endothelial function, lowering blood pressure, inhibition of platelet aggregation, reducing inflammation, and activating novel proteins that prevent cell senescence, e.g. Sirtuin 1. Translational studies in humans support these beneficial effects. More clinical studies are needed to confirm these effects and formulate dietary guidelines. The available data, however, strongly support the recommendation that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, including grapes, can decrease the risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustali M Dohadwala
- Evans Department of Medicine and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Fan E, Zhang L, Jiang S, Bai Y. Beneficial effects of resveratrol on atherosclerosis. J Med Food 2009; 11:610-4. [PMID: 19053850 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2007.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a progressive disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids and fibrous elements in the arteries, is a most important contributor to cardiovascular diseases. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring phytopolyphenol compound and shows the ability to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, beneficial effects of resveratrol on the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, including regulation of vasodilator and vasoconstrictor production, inhibition of oxidative stress/reactive oxygen species generation, anti-inflammation, inhibition of modification of low-density lipoproteins, anti-platelet aggregation, and its abilities to impede progression and modulate complications of atherosclerosis, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enguo Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tian Jin, People's Republic of China.
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Vingtdeux V, Dreses-Werringloer U, Zhao H, Davies P, Marambaud P. Therapeutic potential of resveratrol in Alzheimer's disease. BMC Neurosci 2008; 9 Suppl 2:S6. [PMID: 19090994 PMCID: PMC2604890 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-9-s2-s6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies indicate that moderate consumption of red wine is associated with a lower incidence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Red wine is enriched in antioxidant polyphenols with potential neuroprotective activities. Despite scepticism concerning the bioavailability of these polyphenols, in vivo data have clearly demonstrated the neuroprotective properties of the naturally occurring polyphenol resveratrol in rodent models for stress and diseases. Furthermore, recent work in cell cultures and animal models has shed light on the molecular mechanisms potentially involved in the beneficial effects of resveratrol intake against the neurodegenerative process in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Vingtdeux
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
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Virgili F, Marino M. Regulation of cellular signals from nutritional molecules: a specific role for phytochemicals, beyond antioxidant activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 45:1205-16. [PMID: 18762244 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Revised: 07/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals (PhC) are a ubiquitous class of plant secondary metabolites. A "recommended" human diet should warrant a high proportion of energy from fruits and vegetables, therefore providing, among other factors, a huge intake of PhC, in general considered "health promoting" by virtue of their antioxidant activity and positive modulation, either directly or indirectly, of the cellular and tissue redox balance. Diet acts through multiple pathways and the association between the consumption of specific food items and the risk of degenerative diseases is extremely complex. Recent literature suggests that molecules having a chemical structure compatible with a putative antioxidant capacity can actually "perform" activities and roles independent of such capacity, interacting with cellular functions at different levels, such as affecting enzyme activities, binding to membrane or nuclear receptors as either an elective ligand or a ligand mimic. Inductive or signaling effects may occur at concentrations much lower than that required for effective antioxidant activity. Therefore, the "antioxidant hypothesis" is to be considered in some cases an intellectual "shortcut" possibly biasing the real understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of various classes of food items. In the past few years, many exciting new indications elucidating the mechanisms of polyphenols have been published. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the mechanisms by which specific molecules of nutritional interest, and in particular polyphenols, play a role in cellular response and in preventing pathologies. In particular, their direct interaction with nuclear receptors and their ability to modulate the activity of key enzymes involved in cell signaling and antioxidant responses are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Virgili
- National Institute for Food and Nutrition Research, Via Ardeatina, 546, I-00178 Roma, Italy.
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Dark chocolate: consumption for pleasure or therapy? J Thromb Thrombolysis 2008; 28:482-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-008-0273-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Pan W, Chang MJ, Booyse FM, Grenett HE, Bradley KM, Wolkowicz PE, Shang Q, Tabengwa EM. Quercetin induced tissue-type plasminogen activator expression is mediated through Sp1 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in human endothelial cells. J Thromb Haemost 2008; 6:976-85. [PMID: 18419748 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.02977.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wine polyphenol quercetin upregulates tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) transcription in cultured human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). However, the regulatory elements and signaling pathways involved in this regulation are unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to localize quercetin-responsive t-PA promoter elements, identify the proteins that bind these elements, and decipher signaling pathways involved in the regulation of t-PA. METHODS To localize quercetin-responsive elements, HUVECs were transiently transfected with various t-PA promoter-reporter constructs. Element functionality was evaluated by mutational analysis. Nuclear protein-t-PA element interactions were evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors were used to determine the signaling pathways involved in t-PA regulation. MAPK inhibition effects were evaluated by real-time PCR, immunoblotting analysis, and transfections. Coimmunoprecipitation was used to evaluate MAPK and transcription factor interaction. RESULTS Deletion of the t-PA promoter region - 288 to - 250 resulted in loss of quercetin responsiveness. This region contains putative Sp1-binding elements, which we termed Sp1a and Sp1b. Sp1b mutation abolished the quercetin-inducible response, whereas Sp1a mutation had no effect. EMSA and ChIP analysis demonstrated quercetin-enhanced Sp1 binding to Sp1b. Inhibition of p38 MAPK abrogated basal and quercetin-induced t-PA expression and promoter activity, as well as quercetin-induced Sp1 binding to Sp1b. Quercetin enhanced p38 MAPK and Sp1 physical association, which was similarly diminished by p38 MAPK inhibition. CONCLUSIONS We showed, for the first time, the presence of a functional Sp1-binding element in the t-PA promoter controlling quercetin induction via the p38 MAPK pathway. Understanding these mechanisms may provide new insights into polyphenol cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Pan
- The Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 34194-2170, USA
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Reed KL, Heydrick SJ, Aarons CB, Prushik S, Gower AC, Stucchi AF, Becker JM. A neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist that reduces intra-abdominal adhesion formation decreases oxidative stress in the peritoneum. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007; 293:G544-51. [PMID: 17627972 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00226.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in intra-abdominal adhesion formation. Substance P, a neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) ligand, facilitates leukocyte recruitment and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. We have shown in a rat model of adhesion formation that intraperitoneal administration of a NK-1R antagonist at the time of abdominal operation reduces postoperative adhesion formation. Thus we determined the effects of NK-1R antagonist administration on peritoneal leukocyte recruitment and oxidative stress within 24 h of surgery. Adhesions were induced in Wistar rats randomly assigned to receive the antagonist or vehicle intraperitoneally. Peritoneal tissue was isolated at 2, 4, 6, and 24 h after surgery for analysis of the oxidative stress biomarkers 8-isoprostane (8-IP), protein carbonyl, NADPH oxidase, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNAs. Total antioxidant capacity of peritoneal fluid was also determined. MPO, NADPH oxidase, 8-IP, and protein carbonyl were elevated (P < 0.05) by 6 h. ICAM-1 mRNA was elevated (P < 0.05) by 2 h, whereas VCAM-1 levels decreased (P < 0.05) at 24 h. The NK-1R antagonist delayed the MPO rise and reduced (P < 0.05) 8-IP levels by 6 h and ICAM-1 mRNA, VCAM-1 mRNA, and protein carbonyl at 2 h. The antagonist also increased (P < 0.05) the antioxidant capacity of peritoneal fluid at all time points. These data further support a role for oxidative stress in adhesion formation and suggest that the NK-1R antagonist may limit adhesions, in part, by reducing postoperative oxidative stress through an inhibition of neutrophil recruitment and an increase in peritoneal fluid antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Reed
- Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, 88 East Newton Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Canali R, Ambra R, Stelitano C, Mattivi F, Scaccini C, Virgili F. A novel model to study the biological effects of red wine at the molecular level. Br J Nutr 2007; 97:1053-8. [PMID: 17391552 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114507657870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Several food items of plant origin, and in particular red wine, have been reported to protect from cardiovascular disease (CVD) development, thanks to their polyphenol components. Polyphenols undergo complex metabolic transformation during digestion and intestinal absorption. Here we report a novel model to study the effects of complex food matrices, applied to red wine, on gene expression in cultured primary human endothelial cells that takes into account the polyphenol metabolic transformation. Red wine was administered to human volunteers acting as ‘bio-reactors’. Serum (RWS) obtained after 40 min was utilized to enrich endothelial cell culture media. The expression of specific genes involved in cell adhesion (vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) and monocytes chemoattractant protein (MCP-1)) and fibrinolysis (tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2)) was considered as a molecular marker of cell function and related to the effects of RWS. The gene expression profile determined by RWS incubation was significantly different from that observed after the addition of red wine. Data obtained by this approach indicate the importance of taking into account the complex metabolic transformation of polyphenols that occurs during absorption when studying their effect on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Canali
- National Research Institute for Food and Nutrition, via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
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Booyse FM, Pan W, Grenett HE, Parks DA, Darley-Usmar VM, Bradley KM, Tabengwa EM. Mechanism by which Alcohol and Wine Polyphenols Affect Coronary Heart Disease Risk. Ann Epidemiol 2007; 17:S24-31. [PMID: 17478321 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The reduction in coronary heart disease (CHD) from moderate alcohol intake may be mediated, in part, by increased fibrinolysis; endothelial cell (EC)-mediated fibrinolysis should decrease acute atherothrombotic consequences (eg, plaque rupture) of myocardial infarction (MI). We have shown that alcohol and individual polyphenols modulate EC fibrinolytic protein (t-PA, u-PA, PAI-1, u-PAR and Annexin-II) expression at the cellular, molecular, and gene levels to sustain increased fibrinolytic activity. Herein we describe the sequence of molecular events by which EC t-PA expression is increased through common activation of p38 MAPK signaling. Up-regulation of t-PA gene transcription, through specific alcohol and polyphenol transcription factor binding sites in the t-PA promoter, results in increased in vitro fibrinolysis and in vivo clot lytic activity (using real-time fluorescence [Fl] imaging of Cy5.5-labeled fibrin clot lysis in a mouse model). Fl-labeled fibrin clots injected into untreated C56Bl/6 wild-type control mice are lysed in approximately 2 hours and clot lytic rates significantly increased in mice treated with either alcohol, catechins, or quercetin (4-6 weeks). Fl-labeled clot lysis in ApoE knock-out mice (atherosclerosis model) showed impaired in vivo clot lysis that was "normalized" to wild-type control levels by treatment with alcohol, catechin, or quercetin for 6 to 8 weeks.
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Lamy S, Lafleur R, Bédard V, Moghrabi A, Barrette S, Gingras D, Béliveau R. Anthocyanidins inhibit migration of glioblastoma cells: structure-activity relationship and involvement of the plasminolytic system. J Cell Biochem 2007; 100:100-11. [PMID: 16823770 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Complete resection of malignant glioblastomas is usually impossible because of diffuse and widespread invasion of tumor cells, and complementary approaches need to be developed in order to improve the efficacy of current treatments. Consumption of fruits and berries has been associated with decreased risk of developing cancer and there is great interest in the use of molecules from dietary origin to improve anticancer therapies. In this work, we report that the aglycons of the most abundant anthocyanins in fruits, cyanidin (Cy), delphinidin (Dp), and petunidin (Pt), act as potent inhibitors of glioblastoma cell migration. Dp clearly exhibited the highest inhibitory potency, this effect being related to the ortho-dihydroxyphenyl structure on the B-ring and the presence of a free hydroxyl group at position 3. Dp decreases the expression of both urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), acting at the transcriptional levels. In addition, Dp upregulated urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and downregulated the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) but decreased, in a concentration-dependent manner, the uPA-dependent conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, indicating that the upregulation of uPA observed with these compounds was not associated with induction of the plasminolytic activity. Overall, these results demonstrate that Dp, Pt, and Cy affect plasminogen activation, thus leading to the inhibition of glioblastoma cell migration and therefore they may be helpful for the development of new strategies for cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Lamy
- Laboratoire de Médecine Moléculaire, Hôpital Ste-Justine-Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3T 1C5
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Effects of dietary flavonoids on apoptotic pathways related to cancer chemoprevention. J Nutr Biochem 2007; 18:427-42. [PMID: 17321735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Revised: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have described the beneficial effects of dietary polyphenols (flavonoids) on the reduction of the risk of chronic diseases, including cancer. Moreover, it has been shown that flavonoids, such as quercetin in apples, epigallocatechin-3-gallate in green tea and genistein in soya, induce apoptosis. This programmed cell death plays a critical role in physiological functions, but there is underlying dysregulation of apoptosis in numerous pathological situations such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and cancer. At the molecular level, flavonoids have been reported to modulate a number of key elements in cellular signal transduction pathways linked to the apoptotic process (caspases and bcl-2 genes), but that regulation and induction of apoptosis are unclear. The aim of this review is to provide insights into the molecular basis of the potential chemopreventive activities of representative flavonoids, with emphasis on their ability to control intracellular signaling cascades responsible for regulating apoptosis, a relevant target in cancer-preventive approach.
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Holt RR, Actis-Goretta L, Momma TY, Keen CL. Dietary Flavanols and Platelet Reactivity. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2006; 47 Suppl 2:S187-96; discussion S206-9. [PMID: 16794457 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-200606001-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiology studies suggest that the consumption of diets rich in flavonoids is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Plant-derived foods and beverages, such as red wine, tea, grape and grape juice, cocoa and chocolate, can be rich in 1 particular class of flavonoid, the flavan-3-ols. There is now an increasing body of research that suggests that consuming flavanol-rich foods can positively affect hemostasis, through mechanisms that either directly affect platelet function or increase certain endothelium-derived factors that maintain platelet acquiescence or increase fibrinolysis. In this paper, we will review a series of in vivo studies on the effects of flavanol-rich cocoa and chocolate on platelet activation and platelet-dependent hemostasis. In addition, we will briefly review the body of literature with regard to other flavanol-rich foods and beverages, and possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta R Holt
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Koparal AT, Yamaguchi H, Omae K, Torii S, Kitagawa Y. Differential effect of green tea catechins on three endothelial cell clones isolated from rat adipose tissue and on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Cytotechnology 2005; 46:25-36. [PMID: 19003256 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-005-1477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2004] [Accepted: 01/24/2005] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
By single colony isolation from the cells in stromal vascular fraction (SVF) dispersed from rat adipose tissues, we isolated three independent clones with different proliferation potential. All clones showed cobblestone-like morphology at the confluence and incorporated fluorescent Dil acetylated low density lipoprotein. When plated on Matrigel, they formed a capillary network-like structure. These rat adipose tissue endothelial cell (RATEC) clones showed higher expression of wnt2, wnt4, wnt5a, wnt5b, fzd1 and fzd5 whereas lower expression of cell cycle controlling genes such as CIP1, KIP1, KIP2, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, CDKN2C and CDKN2D compared to human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC). As reported for HUVEC, the growth of RATEC was inhibited by green tea catechins such as epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, epicatechin and epigallocatechin gallate but with higher sensitivity than HUVEC. The sensitivity of RATEC to catechins was higher for the cultures with low plating density and for the clone with higher proliferation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tansu Koparal
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences , Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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Delmas D, Jannin B, Latruffe N. Resveratrol: Preventing properties against vascular alterations and ageing. Mol Nutr Food Res 2005; 49:377-95. [PMID: 15830334 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200400098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in developed countries where the common pathological substrate underlying this process is atherosclerosis. Several new concepts have emerged in relation to mechanisms that contribute to the regulation of the vascular diseases and associated inflammatory effects. Recently, potential antioxidants (vitamin E, polyphenols) have received much attention as potential anti-atherosclerotic agents. Among the polyphenols with health benefic properties, resveratrol, a phytoalexin of grape, seem to be a good candidate protecting the vascular walls from oxidation, inflammation, platelet aggregation, and thrombus formation. In this review, we focus on the mechanism of resveratrol cardiovascular benefic effects. We analyze, in relation with the different steps of atherosclerotic process, the resveratrol properties at multiple levels, such as cellular signaling, enzymatic pathways, apoptosis, and gene expression. We show and discuss the relationship with reactive oxygen species, regulation of pro-inflammatory genes including cycloxygenases and cytokines in molecular inflammatory and aging processes, and how the regulation of these activites by resveratrol can lead to a prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Delmas
- University of Burgundy, Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Dijon, France
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Sheikh AM, Ochi H, Masuda J. Lysophosphatidylcholine induces tPA gene expression through CRE-dependent mechanism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 329:71-7. [PMID: 15721275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) is implicated in the development of atherosclerosis and certain autoimmune diseases, and is reported to induce tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) at the protein level in endothelial cells. This study was designed to investigate the effect of lysoPC on tPA gene expression and the underlying molecular mechanisms in cultured endothelial cells. LysoPC transiently induced the mRNA expression of tPA in endothelial cells. LysoPC also induced the mRNA expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), uPA receptor, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, but the kinetics were different from that of tPA. Promoter analysis revealed that the cyclic AMP-responsive element of the tPA gene (tPACRE) is required for lysoPC-induced tPA expression. Furthermore, an electrophoresis mobility shift assay showed that lysoPC increased the binding activity of CRE binding protein to tPACRE. These results indicated that lysoPC transcriptionally upregulated the gene expression of tPA in endothelial cells, at least in part, via tPACRE activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Md Sheikh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
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Fukao H, Ijiri Y, Miura M, Hashimoto M, Yamashita T, Fukunaga C, Oiwa K, Kawai Y, Suwa M, Yamamoto J. Effect of trans-resveratrol on the thrombogenicity and atherogenicity in apolipoprotein E-deficient and low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2004; 15:441-6. [PMID: 15311151 DOI: 10.1097/00001721-200408000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is one of the major polyphenolics in red wine that has been shown to exert the preventive effects against cardiovascular diseases. The effect of trans-resveratrol (t-RES) administered as an ingredient of the diet on the atherothrombotic tendency was assessed in genetically hypercholesterolemic mice after laser-induced damage on endothelium. Mice lacking both apolipoprotein E and low-density lipoprotein receptor (apoE-/-/LDLR-/-) were fed with a high-fat diet with or without t-RES (9.6 and 96 mg/kg diet) for 8 weeks. The atherosclerotic tendency was morphometrically analyzed in their aortae. The thrombotic tendency was determined by inducing thrombus by the irradiation of a helium-neon laser on carotid arteries of these mice with injection of Evans blue. Atherosclerotic area and thrombus size were evaluated by image analyzing in a computer system. Even though the plasma concentrations of lipids (total cholesterol and triacylglycerol) did not change in the control and t-RES groups, a significant decrease (approximately 30%) in the formation of atheroma was observed in the aortae of the t-RES group. The size of laser-induced thrombus that mostly consisted of platelet aggregates was significantly reduced (approximately 25%) in the t-RES group compared with that in the control group. Thus, t-RES orally administrated with a high-fat diet in apoE-/-/LDLR-/- mice significantly suppressed atherosclerosis in their aortae and reduced the laser-induced thrombosis in their carotid arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideharu Fukao
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Food Culture, Kurashiki Sakuyo University, 3515 Nagao, Tamashima, Kurashiki City, Okayama, 710-0292 Japan.
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Donnelly LE, Newton R, Kennedy GE, Fenwick PS, Leung RHF, Ito K, Russell REK, Barnes PJ. Anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol in lung epithelial cells: molecular mechanisms. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2004; 287:L774-83. [PMID: 15180920 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00110.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,4′,5-trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenolic stilbene found in the skins of red fruits, including grapes, that may be responsible for some of the health benefits ascribed to consumption of red wine. Resveratrol has been shown to have antioxidant properties and can act as an estrogen agonist. This study examined the anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol on human airway epithelial cells. Resveratrol and the related molecule quercetin, but not deoxyrhapontin, inhibited IL-8 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor release from A549 cells. Neither the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen nor the glucocorticoid antagonist mifepristone altered the inhibitory effect of resveratrol. The mechanism of resveratrol action was investigated further using luciferase reporter genes stably transfected into A549 cells. Resveratrol and quercetin inhibited NF-κB-, activator protein-1-, and cAMP response element binding protein-dependent transcription to a greater extent than the glucocorticosteroid dexamethasone. These compounds also had no significant effect on acetylation or deacetylation of core histones. Resveratrol, but not estradiol or N-acetyl cysteine, inhibited cytokine-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitrite production (IC50 = 3.6 ± 2.9 μM) in human primary airway epithelial cells. Resveratrol also inhibited granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor release (IC50 = 0.44 ± 0.17 μM), IL-8 release (IC50 = 4.7 ± 3.3 μM), and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in these cells. This study demonstrates that resveratrol and quercetin have novel nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory activity that may have applications for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise E Donnelly
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK.
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Abstract
Published health benefits of regular light-to-moderate alcohol consumption include lower myocardial infarction rates, reduced heart failure rates, reduced risk of ischemic stroke, lower risk for dementia, decreased risk of diabetes and reduced risk of osteoporosis. Numerous complimentary biochemical changes have been identified that explain the beneficial effects of moderate alcohol consumption. Heavy alcohol consumption, however, can negatively affect neurologic, cardiac, gastrointestinal, hematologic, immune, psychiatric and musculoskeletal organ systems. Binge drinking is a significant problem even among moderate drinkers and is associated with particularly high social and economic costs. A cautious approach should be emphasized for those individuals who drink even small amounts of alcohol. Physicians can apply the research evidence describing the known risks and benefits of alcohol consumption when counseling their patients regarding alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Standridge
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga Unit, Chattanooga, TN, USA.
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Abstract
Endothelial adhesion molecules (AM) play an important role in the pathogenesis of several diseases namely infections, neoplasms and chronic inflammatory diseases. Because alcoholic hepatitis and even atherosclerosis are considered as inflammatory diseases and ethanol may modulate inflammatory response, several researchers have investigated the link between ethanol consumption, endothelial AM and the development of both processes. In vitro, animal and human studies have analysed the effects of ethanol and non-alcoholic components of alcoholic beverages on inflammatory biomarkers of atherosclerosis such as monocyte and endothelial AM. These studies have shown that both ethanol and non-alcoholic components of alcoholic beverages, mainly polyphenols, reduce intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin expression of vascular endothelium, as well as monocyte adhesion to this endothelium. These data suggest that moderate alcohol intake has an anti-inflammatory effect on the cardiovascular system and reduces early serum markers of atherosclerosis. However, at higher doses ethanol may exert an inflammatory effect. In fact, chronic alcoholics exhibit significantly higher serum levels of endothelial AM than abstainers and moderate drinkers. In addition, an upregulation of E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 is also detected in liver biopsies obtained from patients with alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. The clinical usefulness of the measurement of serum endothelial AM is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sacanella
- Department of Internal Medicine, Villarroel 170, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investgacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi Sunyer, University of Barcelona, 08036, Spain.
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Di Santo A, Mezzetti A, Napoleone E, Di Tommaso R, Donati MB, De Gaetano G, Lorenzet R. Resveratrol and quercetin down-regulate tissue factor expression by human stimulated vascular cells. J Thromb Haemost 2003; 1:1089-95. [PMID: 12871381 DOI: 10.1046/j.1538-7836.2003.00217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of wine reduces the risk of coronary heart disease. Resveratrol and quercetin, two polyphenolic compounds found in grapes and red wine, have been shown to contribute to this protection by exerting several biological properties which could be associated with cardioprotection. Tissue factor (TF), the cellular receptor that initiates blood coagulation, plays a primary role both in hemostasis following tissue injury and in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis which predisposes to thrombosis. OBJECTIVES We investigated the role of resveratrol and quercetin on TF expression by endothelial and mononuclear cells (MN). METHODS Confluent human umbilical vein endothelial cells and MN collected from healthy donors were stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, interleukin-1beta or tumor necrosis factor-alpha after incubation with increasing concentrations of resveratrol or quercetin. RESULTS In both cell types, TF activity induced by any agonist was significantly reduced by resveratrol or quercetin in a dose-dependent fashion. Northern blot analysis indicated that resveratrol and quercetin strongly reduce TF mRNA in both cell types. The inhibition of TF mRNA originated from a reduction in nuclear binding activity of the transacting factor c-Rel/p65, which was induced by the agonists and measured by electromobility shift assay. Western blot analysis revealed that the diminished c-Rel/p65 activity was dependent upon inhibition of degradation of the c-Rel/p65 inhibitory protein IkappaBalpha. CONCLUSIONS These results provide a molecular basis which could help explain the protective activity of red wine against cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Di Santo
- Antonio Taticchi Unit for Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, S. Maria Imbaro, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There continues to be considerable interest in the concept that antioxidant therapy may reduce cardiovascular risk. Phenols have antioxidant properties and may be important micronutrients. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a strong link between phenolic intake and reduced cardiovascular risk, but the mechanism of benefit has not been determined. RECENT FINDINGS Recent evidence has emerged that a number of phenolic compounds, particularly flavonoids, reverse vascular endothelial dysfunction. The normal endothelium plays a critical role in regulating vascular function, and endothelial dysfunction is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The present article reviews the links between phenolic intake, endothelial function and cardiovascular risk. SUMMARY Endothelium-derived nitric oxide bioactivity appears to be increased by supplementation with a number of phenols, and this may explain some of the favourable effects of high phenolic intake seen in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Duffy
- Heart Centre, The Alfred Hospital and Baker Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that polyphenols in natural products are beneficial against human lethal diseases such as cancer and metastasis. The underlying mechanisms of anti-cancer effects are complex. Recent studies show that several polyphenols, including epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in green tea and resveratrol in red wine, inhibit angiogenesis when administrated orally. These polyphenols have direct effects on suppression of angiogenesis in several standard animal angiogenesis models. Because angiogenesis is involved in many diseases such as cancer, diabetic retinopathy and chronic inflammations, the discovery of these polyphenols as angiogenesis inhibitors has shed light on the health beneficial mechanisms of natural products, which are rich in these molecules. At the molecular level, recent studies have provided important information on how these molecules inhibit endothelial cell growth. Perhaps the greatest therapeutic advantage of these small natural molecules over large protein compounds is that they can be administrated orally without causing severe side effects. It is anticipated that more polyphenols in natural products will be discovered as angiogenesis inhibitors and that these natural polyphenols could serve as leading structures in the discovery of more potent, synthetic angiogenesis inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihai Cao
- Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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46
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Abstract
Moderate amounts of alcohol may have cardioprotective effects. Several studies reported a higher protection by the consumption of wine. The favorable effects of wine have been attributed to different polyphenolic compounds, among others. However, these biochemical compounds are also found in other beverages. In view of the present evidence, there is no "right" or "wrong" drink, only a "right" and "wrong" drinking behavior regarding absolute amounts, drinking frequency, and accompanying lifestyle and eating pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Suter
- Medical Policlinic, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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