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Stamis SA, Heath EI, Lucas S, Boerner J, Slusher LB. Alcohol dehydrogenase expression patterns in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostatic adenocarcinoma in African American and Caucasian men. Prostate 2022; 82:666-675. [PMID: 35133686 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In situ metabolism of ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) contributes to oxidative damage of cells and DNA and has been linked to carcinogenesis in numerous epithelial tissues. The goal of this study was to determine expression patterns of ADH1 and ADH7 isozymes in normal, hyperplastic (benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH]) and neoplastic (prostate cancer [PCa]) prostate. Furthermore, racial differences in ADH expression between African Americans and Caucasians were investigated. METHODS ADH expression patterns were characterized by density analysis of ADH immunohistochemistry (n = 21) and real-time RT-PCR of total RNAs by laser-capture microdissection (n = 10) and whole tissue formalin-fixed paraffin embedded prostate biopsies (n = 63). RESULTS ADH protein is found in normal prostate and is primarily associated with glandular epithelium. Transcripts of ADH1B are suppressed in PCa compared to BPH (p = 0.0095). Racial differences in ADH7 transcripts exist between African American and Caucasian men. A total of 57.6% of biopsies from African American prostates have detectable ADH7 messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts compared to the 13.3% of Caucasian prostate biopsies with detectable transcripts (p = 0.0005). This increased frequency of detection contributes to higher mean ADH7 mRNA transcript levels in African Americans (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge this study is the first to report downregulation of ADH1B in neoplastic prostate at the transcriptional level, suggesting protective regulatory functions. ADH7 transcripts were not detectable in all samples and was found in higher frequency and amount in our African American samples. Racial differences in ADH7 within the prostate is a novel finding and should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Stamis
- Department of Biology, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elisabeth I Heath
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Steven Lucas
- Department of Urology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Julie Boerner
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Leslie B Slusher
- Department of Biology, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Amjad E, Asnaashari S, Sokouti B, Dastmalchi S. Systems biology comprehensive analysis on breast cancer for identification of key gene modules and genes associated with TNM-based clinical stages. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10816. [PMID: 32616754 PMCID: PMC7331704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67643-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC), as one of the leading causes of death among women, comprises several subtypes with controversial and poor prognosis. Considering the TNM (tumor, lymph node, metastasis) based classification for staging of breast cancer, it is essential to diagnose the disease at early stages. The present study aims to take advantage of the systems biology approach on genome wide gene expression profiling datasets to identify the potential biomarkers involved at stage I, stage II, stage III, and stage IV as well as in the integrated group. Three HER2-negative breast cancer microarray datasets were retrieved from the GEO database, including normal, stage I, stage II, stage III, and stage IV samples. Additionally, one dataset was also extracted to test the developed predictive models trained on the three datasets. The analysis of gene expression profiles to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was performed after preprocessing and normalization of data. Then, statistically significant prioritized DEGs were used to construct protein-protein interaction networks for the stages for module analysis and biomarker identification. Furthermore, the prioritized DEGs were used to determine the involved GO enrichment and KEGG signaling pathways at various stages of the breast cancer. The recurrence survival rate analysis of the identified gene biomarkers was conducted based on Kaplan-Meier methodology. Furthermore, the identified genes were validated not only by using several classification models but also through screening the experimental literature reports on the target genes. Fourteen (21 genes), nine (17 genes), eight (10 genes), four (7 genes), and six (8 genes) gene modules (total of 53 unique genes out of 63 genes with involving those with the same connectivity degree) were identified for stage I, stage II, stage III, stage IV, and the integrated group. Moreover, SMC4, FN1, FOS, JUN, and KIF11 and RACGAP1 genes with the highest connectivity degrees were in module 1 for abovementioned stages, respectively. The biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions were demonstrated for outcomes of GO analysis and KEGG pathway assessment. Additionally, the Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that 33 genes were found to be significant while considering the recurrence-free survival rate as an alternative to overall survival rate. Furthermore, the machine learning calcification models show good performance on the determined biomarkers. Moreover, the literature reports have confirmed all of the identified gene biomarkers for breast cancer. According to the literature evidence, the identified hub genes are highly correlated with HER2-negative breast cancer. The 53-mRNA signature might be a potential gene set for TNM based stages as well as possible therapeutics with potentially good performance in predicting and managing recurrence-free survival rates at stages I, II, III, and IV as well as in the integrated group. Moreover, the identified genes for the TNM-based stages can also be used as mRNA profile signatures to determine the current stage of the breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Amjad
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Asnaashari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Babak Sokouti
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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3
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Di Sarno R, Brigida A, Caprio GG, Ciardiello D, Dallio M, Sangineto M, Fagoonee S, Abenavoli L, Luzza F, Gravina AG, De Magistris L, Federico A, Loguercio C. Critical review on the use and abuse of alcohol. When the dose makes the difference. Minerva Med 2020; 111:344-353. [PMID: 32338485 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.20.06584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays harmful alcohol consumption represents one of the most important risk factors for the development of several type of chronic and acute diseases in the western countries, contributing to a great number of deaths. Focusing the attention on cancer development and progression, the scientific community has a large consensus in declaring the existence of a harmful association between alcohol consumption and liver, breast, upper aerodigestive tract (mouth, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and esophagus), pancreas and colon cancer appearance. However the precise biological links by which the alcohol could be responsible for cancer initiation and progression are not fully understood yet, even if the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) indicated both ethanol and acetaldehyde as carcinogen for humans. The possible explanation of the effect exerted by ethanol and acetaldehyde could be related to direct genotoxicity, hormonal disturbance, triggering of oxidative stress and inflammation. In this review, we examine the relationship between alcohol dosage and associated diseases, with focus on alcohol-related cancers. Furthermore, to understand the potential molecular mechanisms of these diseases, the results of in vivo experiments on animal models were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Di Sarno
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Brigida
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe G Caprio
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Ciardiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello Dallio
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy -
| | - Moris Sangineto
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Luzza
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonietta G Gravina
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura De Magistris
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Federico
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmelina Loguercio
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
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4
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Role of aldehyde dehydrogenases, alcohol dehydrogenase 1B genotype, alcohol consumption, and their combination in breast cancer in East-Asian women. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6564. [PMID: 32300124 PMCID: PMC7162854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The associations between genetic polymorphisms in ADH1B (rs1229984) and ALDH2 (rs671), alcohol consumption, the effect of a combination of the two polymorphisms, and breast cancer risk were studied in a population of East-Asian women. In this study, 623 breast cancer cases and 1845 controls, aged 40 or above, were included. The association between ALDH2 polymorphism and breast cancer risk was validated in 2143 breast cancer cases and 3977 controls. Alcohol consumption increased the risk of breast cancer regardless of ADH1B and ALDH2 genotypes. The rs671 polymorphism of ALDH2 was independently associated with increased breast cancer risk (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.02–1.58 per increment of A). The ADH1B rs1229984 polymorphism, and combined effects of the rs671 and rs1229984 polymorphisms, did not reveal any significant association with breast cancer. Stratification by menopausal status revealed that rs671 gene polymorphisms were significantly associated with breast cancer only in postmenopausal women (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.03–2.05 per increment of A). This is the first study to demonstrate an independent association between ALDH2 gene variants and breast cancer in Asian women. Further studies are warranted to further elucidate the etiology of breast cancer as it relates to alcohol consumption in Asian women.
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5
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Hahn M, Simons CCJM, Weijenberg MP, van den Brandt PA. Alcohol drinking, ADH1B and ADH1C genotypes and the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer by hormone receptor status: the Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:1342-1351. [PMID: 30052783 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption has consistently been shown to increase breast cancer (BC) risk. This association may be modified by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzymes ADH1B and ADH1C. The Netherlands Cohort Study comprises 62 573 women, aged 55-69 years at baseline (1986). Follow-up for postmenopausal BC for 20.3 years was available. Genotyping of six tag SNPs in ADH1B and ADH1C was performed on DNA from toenails. A case-cohort approach was used for analysis (complete data available for nsubcohort = 1301; ncases = 1630). Cox regression models for postmenopausal BC were applied to determine marginal effects of alcohol intake and SNPs using a dominant genetic model, as well as multiplicative interaction of the two. Results were also obtained for subtypes by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status. Multiple testing was adjusted for by applying the false discovery rate (FDR). Alcohol intake (categorical) increased the risk of postmenopausal BC (Ptrend = 0.031). Trends for ER and PR subgroups followed a similar pattern. Continuous modeling of alcohol resulted in a hazard rate ratio (HR) for overall postmenopausal BC of 1.09 (95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.19) per 10 g/day of alcohol. SNPs were not associated with BC risk. No effect modification of the alcohol-BC association by SNP genotype was seen after FDR correction in overall BC and ER/PR subgroups. In conclusion, alcohol consumption was shown to increase the risk of postmenopausal BC. This association was not significantly modified by common SNPs in ADH1B and ADH1C, neither in overall BC nor in hormone receptor-defined subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hahn
- Department of Epidemiology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland
| | - Colinda C J M Simons
- Department of Epidemiology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matty P Weijenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Piet A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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6
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Ge W, Clendenen TV, Afanasyeva Y, Koenig KL, Agnoli C, Brinton LA, Dorgan JF, Eliassen AH, Falk RT, Hallmans G, Hankinson SE, Hoffman-Bolton J, Key TJ, Krogh V, Nichols HB, Sandler DP, Schoemaker MJ, Sluss PM, Sund M, Swerdlow AJ, Visvanathan K, Liu M, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A. Circulating anti-Müllerian hormone and breast cancer risk: A study in ten prospective cohorts. Int J Cancer 2018; 142:2215-2226. [PMID: 29315564 PMCID: PMC5922424 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A strong positive association has been observed between circulating anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a biomarker of ovarian reserve, and breast cancer risk in three prospective studies. Confirming this association is important because of the paucity of biomarkers of breast cancer risk in premenopausal women. We conducted a consortium study including ten prospective cohorts that had collected blood from premenopausal women. A nested case-control design was implemented within each cohort. A total of 2,835 invasive (80%) and in situ (20%) breast cancer cases were individually matched to controls (n = 3,122) on age at blood donation. AMH was measured using a high sensitivity enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. Conditional logistic regression was applied to the aggregated dataset. There was a statistically significant trend of increasing breast cancer risk with increasing AMH concentration (ptrend across quartiles <0.0001) after adjusting for breast cancer risk factors. The odds ratio (OR) for breast cancer in the top vs. bottom quartile of AMH was 1.60 (95% CI = 1.31-1.94). Though the test for interaction was not statistically significant (pinteraction = 0.15), the trend was statistically significant only for tumors positive for both estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR): ER+/PR+: ORQ4-Q1 = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.46-2.64, ptrend <0.0001; ER+/PR-: ORQ4-Q1 = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.40-1.68, ptrend = 0.51; ER-/PR+: ORQ4-Q1 = 3.23, 95% CI = 0.48-21.9, ptrend = 0.26; ER-/PR-: ORQ4-Q1 = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.63-2.09, ptrend = 0.60. The association was observed for both pre- (ORQ4-Q1 = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.05-1.73) and post-menopausal (ORQ4-Q1 = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.03-2.53) breast cancer (pinteraction = 0.34). In this large consortium study, we confirmed that AMH is associated with breast cancer risk, with a 60% increase in risk for women in the top vs. bottom quartile of AMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Ge
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Tess V Clendenen
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Yelena Afanasyeva
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Karen L Koenig
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS - Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Louise A Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joanne F Dorgan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Roni T Falk
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Biobank Research, Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
| | - Judith Hoffman-Bolton
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS - Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Hazel B Nichols
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Minouk J Schoemaker
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Malin Sund
- Department of Surgery, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anthony J Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mengling Liu
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
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7
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Ratna A, Mandrekar P. Alcohol and Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapies. Biomolecules 2017; 7:E61. [PMID: 28805741 PMCID: PMC5618242 DOI: 10.3390/biom7030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several scientific and clinical studies have shown an association between chronic alcohol consumption and the occurrence of cancer in humans. The mechanism for alcohol-induced carcinogenesis has not been fully understood, although plausible events include genotoxic effects of acetaldehyde, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species, aberrant metabolism of folate and retinoids, increased estrogen, and genetic polymorphisms. Here, we summarize the impact of alcohol drinking on the risk of cancer development and potential underlying molecular mechanisms. The interactions between alcohol abuse, anti-tumor immune response, tumor growth, and metastasis are complex. However, multiple studies have linked the immunosuppressive effects of alcohol with tumor progression and metastasis. The influence of alcohol on the host immune system and the development of possible effective immunotherapy for cancer in alcoholics are also discussed here. The conclusive biological effects of alcohol on tumor progression and malignancy have not been investigated extensively using an animal model that mimics the human disease. This review provides insights into cancer pathogenesis in alcoholics, alcohol and immune interactions in different cancers, and scope and future of targeted immunotherapeutic modalities in patients with alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Ratna
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Pranoti Mandrekar
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Shield KD, Soerjomataram I, Rehm J. Alcohol Use and Breast Cancer: A Critical Review. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:1166-81. [PMID: 27130687 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to outline the biological pathways of alcohol-attributable breast cancer, the epidemiological risk relationship between alcohol consumption and breast cancer, and the global burden of breast cancer incidence and mortality attributable to alcohol consumption, with a focus on light drinking. First, the literature regarding the biological mechanisms of how alcohol affects the risk of breast cancer was reviewed and summarized. Second, a search of meta-analyses that evaluated the risk relationship between alcohol consumption and breast cancer was conducted. Last, the burden of alcohol-attributable breast cancer incidence and mortality was estimated by means of a Population-Attributable Fraction methodology. Data on alcohol consumption were obtained from the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health, and data on cancer incidence and mortality were obtained from the GLOBOCAN database. Alcohol consumption affects breast cancer risk through the alteration in hormone levels and the associated biological pathways, the metabolism of ethanol resulting in carcinogens, and the inhibition of the one carbon metabolism pathway. The systematic review found 15 meta-analyses on the risk relationship between alcohol consumption (also light consumption) and the risk of breast cancer. All but 2 of these analyses showed a dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer. An estimated 144,000 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 88,000 to 200,000) breast cancer cases and 38,000 (95% CI: 2,400 to 53,000) breast cancer deaths globally in 2012 were attributable to alcohol, with 18.8% of these cases and 17.5% of these deaths affecting women who were light alcohol consumers. All levels of evidence showed a risk relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer, even at low levels of consumption. Due to this strong relationship, and to the amount of alcohol consumed globally, the incidence of and mortality from alcohol-attributable breast cancer is large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Shield
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Strumylaite L, Sharp SJ, Kregzdyte R, Poskiene L, Bogusevicius A, Pranys D. The Association of Low-To-Moderate Alcohol Consumption with Breast Cancer Subtypes Defined by Hormone Receptor Status. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144680. [PMID: 26674340 PMCID: PMC4682633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol is a well-established risk factor for breast cancer, but pathways involved in alcohol-related breast carcinogenesis are not clearly defined. We examined the association between low-to-moderate alcohol intake and breast cancer subtypes by tumor hormone receptor status. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hospital-based case-control study was performed in 585 cases and 1,170 controls. Information on alcohol intake and other risk factors was collected via a questionnaire. Logistic regression was used for analyses. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS The odds ratio of breast cancer was 1.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-2.53) in women who consumed ≤5 drinks/week, and 3.13 (95% CI: 1.81-5.43) in women who consumed >5 drinks/week, both compared with non-drinkers for ≥10 years, after adjustment for age and other confounders. The association of alcohol intake with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer was stronger than with estrogen receptor-negative: the odds ratio per 1 category increase was 2.05 (95% CI: 1.49-2.82) and 1.29 (95% CI: 0.85-1.94) (P-heterogeneity = 0.07). There was no evidence of an interaction between alcohol intake and menopausal status (P = 0.19) in overall group; however, it was significant in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Low-to-moderate alcohol intake is associated with the risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer with the strongest association in postmenopausal women. Since alcohol intake is a modifiable risk factor of breast cancer, every woman should be informed and advised to control alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreta Strumylaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- * E-mail:
| | - Stephen J. Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rima Kregzdyte
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lina Poskiene
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Bogusevicius
- Department of Surgery, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Darius Pranys
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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10
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Potential Role of the Gut/Liver/Lung Axis in Alcohol-Induced Tissue Pathology. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2477-503. [PMID: 26437442 PMCID: PMC4693244 DOI: 10.3390/biom5042477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Both Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD) and alcohol-related susceptibility to acute lung injury are estimated to account for the highest morbidity and mortality related to chronic alcohol abuse and, thus, represent a focus of intense investigation. In general, alcohol-induced derangements to both organs are considered to be independent and are often evaluated separately. However, the liver and lung share many general responses to damage, and specific responses to alcohol exposure. For example, both organs possess resident macrophages that play key roles in mediating the immune/inflammatory response. Additionally, alcohol-induced damage to both organs appears to involve oxidative stress that favors tissue injury. Another mechanism that appears to be shared between the organs is that inflammatory injury to both organs is enhanced by alcohol exposure. Lastly, altered extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition appears to be a key step in disease progression in both organs. Indeed, recent studies suggest that early subtle changes in the ECM may predispose the target organ to an inflammatory insult. The purpose of this chapter is to review the parallel mechanisms of liver and lung injury in response to alcohol consumption. This chapter will also explore the potential that these mechanisms are interdependent, as part of a gut-liver-lung axis.
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11
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Zakhari S, Hoek JB. Alcohol and breast cancer: reconciling epidemiological and molecular data. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 815:7-39. [PMID: 25427899 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09614-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Epidemiological studies have suggested a possible causative role of alcohol consumption as a risk factor for breast cancer. However, such conclusions should be interpreted with considerable caution for several reasons. While epidemiological studies can help identify the roots of health problems and disease incidence in a community, they are by necessity associative and cannot determine cause and effect relationships. In addition, all these studies rely on self-reporting to determine the amount and type of alcoholic beverage consumed, which introduces recall bias. This is documented in a recent study which stated that the apparent increased risk of cancer among light-moderate drinkers may be "substantially due to underreporting of intake." Another meta-analysis about alcohol and breast cancer declared "the modest size of the association and variation in results across studies leave the causal role of alcohol in question." Furthermore, breast cancer develops over decades; thus, correlations between alcohol consumption and breast cancer cannot be determined in epidemiological studies with windows of alcohol exposure that captures current or recent alcohol intake, after clinical diagnosis. Numerous risk factors are involved in breast carcinogenesis; some are genetic and beyond the control of a woman; others are influenced by lifestyle factors. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous and polygenic disease which is further influenced by epigenetic mechanisms that affect the transciptomes, proteomes and metabolomes, and ultimately breast cancer evolution. Environmental factors add another layer of complexity by their interactions with the susceptibility genes for breast cancer and metabolic diseases. The current state-of-knowledge about alcohol and breast cancer association is ambiguous and confusing to both a woman and her physician. Confronting the huge global breast cancer issue should be addressed by sound science. It is advised that women with or without a high risk for breast cancer should avoid overconsumption of alcohol and should consult with their physician about risk factors involved in breast cancer. Since studies associating moderate alcohol consumption and breast cancer are contradictory, a woman and her physician should weigh the risks and benefits of moderate alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Zakhari
- Former Director, Division of Metabolism and Health Effects, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA,
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Lu Y, Ni F, Xu M, Yang J, Chen J, Chen Z, Wang X, Luo J, Wang S. Alcohol promotes mammary tumor growth through activation of VEGF-dependent tumor angiogenesis. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:673-678. [PMID: 25009649 PMCID: PMC4081417 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption has been recognized as a risk factor for breast cancer. Experimental studies demonstrate that alcohol exposure promotes the progression of existing mammary tumors. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. In the present study, the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in alcohol promotion of breast cancer development was investigated using a mouse xenograft model of mammary tumors and a three-dimensional (3D) tumor/endothelial cell co-culture system. For the mouse xenograft model, mouse E0771 breast cancer cells were implanted into the mammary fat pad of C57BL6 mice. These mice were exposed to alcohol in their drinking water. For the 3D co-culture system, E0771 cells and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells were co-cultured with SVEC4-10EE2 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, respectively. The results demonstrated that alcohol increased tumor angiogenesis and accelerated tumor growth. Furthermore, it appeared that alcohol induced VEGF expression in breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Blocking VEGF signaling by SU5416 inhibited tumor angiogenesis in the 3D tumor/endothelial cell co-culture system. Furthermore, injection of SU5416 into mice inhibited alcohol-promoted mammary tumor growth in vivo. These results indicate that alcohol may promote mammary tumor growth by stimulating VEGF-dependent angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China ; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Nutrition Center, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Key Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Fang Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Mei Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jinlian Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Siying Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China ; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Scoccianti C, Lauby-Secretan B, Bello PY, Chajes V, Romieu I. Female breast cancer and alcohol consumption: a review of the literature. Am J Prev Med 2014; 46:S16-25. [PMID: 24512927 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Consumption of alcoholic beverages is one of the single most important known and modifiable risk factor for human cancer. Among women, breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Consumption of alcoholic beverages is causally associated with female breast cancer and the association shows a linear dose-response relationship. The role of heavy drinking has been long recognized and even a moderate intake is associated with an increased risk for breast cancer. The present review is an update of the current evidence on the association between alcohol consumption and breast cancer risk. The aim is to gain further insight into this association and to improve our current understanding of the effects of the major modifying factors. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Epidemiologic and experimental studies published since the most recent International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monograph on alcoholic beverages were identified in PubMed using a combination of keywords such as alcohol, breast cancer, polymorphisms, menopausal status. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Cumulative lifetime consumption, drinking frequency, drinking patterns and timing of exposure each modulate the association between alcohol consumption and breast cancer. Hormonal status, genetic polymorphisms, and nutritional factors may interact with ethanol metabolism and further influence breast cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS Better standardization among experimental and epidemiologic designs in assessing alcohol intake and timing of exposure may improve our understanding of the heterogeneity observed across studies, possibly allowing the quantification of the effects of occasional heavy drinking and the identification of a window of higher susceptibility to breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Scoccianti
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon
| | | | | | - Véronique Chajes
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon.
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McDonald JA, Goyal A, Terry MB. Alcohol Intake and Breast Cancer Risk: Weighing the Overall Evidence. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2013. [PMID: 24265860 DOI: 10.1007/s12609-12013-10114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Moderate alcohol consumption has been linked to an approximate 30-50% increased risk in breast cancer. Case-control and cohort studies have consistently observed this modest increase. We highlight recent evidence from molecular epidemiologic studies and studies of intermediate markers like mammographic density that provide additional evidence that this association is real and not solely explained by factors/correlates of the exposure and outcome present in non-randomized studies. We also review evidence from studies of higher risk women including BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Given the incidence of heart disease is higher than breast cancer and modest alcohol consumption is associated with reduced risk of heart disease, we examine the latest evidence to evaluate if alcohol reduction should be targeted to women at high risk for breast cancer. We also review the most recent evidence on the effect of alcohol use on tumor recurrence and survival for those diagnosed with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine A McDonald
- 722W 168St, R719 Department of Epidemiology Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University New York, NY 10032
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McDonald JA, Goyal A, Terry MB. Alcohol Intake and Breast Cancer Risk: Weighing the Overall Evidence. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2013; 5:10.1007/s12609-013-0114-z. [PMID: 24265860 PMCID: PMC3832299 DOI: 10.1007/s12609-013-0114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Moderate alcohol consumption has been linked to an approximate 30-50% increased risk in breast cancer. Case-control and cohort studies have consistently observed this modest increase. We highlight recent evidence from molecular epidemiologic studies and studies of intermediate markers like mammographic density that provide additional evidence that this association is real and not solely explained by factors/correlates of the exposure and outcome present in non-randomized studies. We also review evidence from studies of higher risk women including BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Given the incidence of heart disease is higher than breast cancer and modest alcohol consumption is associated with reduced risk of heart disease, we examine the latest evidence to evaluate if alcohol reduction should be targeted to women at high risk for breast cancer. We also review the most recent evidence on the effect of alcohol use on tumor recurrence and survival for those diagnosed with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine A. McDonald
- 722W 168St, R719 Department of Epidemiology Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University New York, NY 10032 Phone: 212-305-9114 Fax: 212-305-9413
| | - Abhishek Goyal
- 722W 168St, R723 Department of Epidemiology Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University New York, NY 10032 Phone: 212-305-3586 Fax: 212-305-9413
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- 722W 168St, R724A Department of Epidemiology Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University New York, NY 10032; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center 1130 St. Nicholas Ave. Columbia University New York, NY 10032
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Rafi I, Chowdhury S, Chan T, Jubber I, Tahir M, de Lusignan S. Improving the management of people with a family history of breast cancer in primary care: before and after study of audit-based education. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2013; 14:105. [PMID: 23879178 PMCID: PMC3734209 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-14-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In England, guidance from National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) states women with a family history of breast cancer presenting to primary care should be reassured or referred.We reviewed the evidence for interventions that might be applied in primary care and conducted an audit of whether low risk women are correctly advised and flagged. METHODS We conducted a literature review to identify modifiable risk factors. We extracted routinely collected data from the computerised medical record systems of 6 general practices (population approximately 30,000); of the variables identified in the guidance. We implemented a quality improvement (QI) intervention called audit-based education (ABE) comparing participant practices with guidelines and each other before and after; we report odds ratios (OR) of any change in data recording. RESULTS The review revealed evidence for advising on: diet, weight control, physical exercise, and alcohol. The proportion of patients with recordings of family history of: disease, neoplasms, and breast cancer were: 39.3%, 5.1% and 1.3% respectively. There was no significant change in the recording of family history of disease or cancer; OR 1.02 (95% CI 0.98-1.06); and 1.08 (95% CI 0.99-1.17) respectively. Recording of alcohol consumption and smoking both increased significantly; OR 1.36 (95% CI 1.30-1.43); and 1.42 (95% CI 1.27-1.60) respectively. Recording lifestyle advice fell; OR 0.84 (95% CI 0.81-0.88). CONCLUSIONS The study informs about current data recording and willingness to engage in ABE. Recording of risk factors improved after the intervention. Further QI is needed to achieve adherence to current guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Rafi
- Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
- Clinical Innovation and Research Centre (CIRC), Royal College of General Practitioners, 30 Euston Square, London NW1 2FB, UK
| | - Susmita Chowdhury
- PHG Foundation, 2 Worts Causeway, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Tom Chan
- Department of Healthcare Management and Policy, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Ibrahim Jubber
- Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Mohammad Tahir
- Department of Healthcare Management and Policy, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Simon de Lusignan
- Department of Healthcare Management and Policy, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
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Lack of association of ADH1C genotype with breast cancer susceptibility in Caucasian population: A pooled analysis of case–control studies. Breast 2012; 21:435-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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McCarty CA, Reding DJ, Commins J, Williams C, Yeager M, Burmester JK, Schairer C, Ziegler RG. Alcohol, genetics and risk of breast cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 133:785-92. [PMID: 22331481 PMCID: PMC3584637 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-1972-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that genes involved in the alcohol oxidation pathway modify the association between alcohol intake and breast cancer. Subjects were women aged 55-74 at baseline from the screening arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. Incident breast cancers were identified through annual health surveys. Controls were frequency matched to cases by age and year of entry into the trial. A self-administered food frequency questionnaire queried frequency and usual serving size of beer, wine or wine coolers, and liquor. Three SNPs in genes in the alcohol metabolism pathway were genotyped: alcohol dehydrogenase 2, alcohol dehydrogenase 3, and CYP2E1. The study included 1,041 incident breast cancer cases and 1,070 controls. In comparison to non-drinkers, the intake of any alcohol significantly increased the risk of breast cancer, and this risk increased with each category of daily alcohol intake (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.14, 3.53) for women who drank three or more standard drinks per day. Stratification by genotype revealed significant gene/environment interactions. For the ADH1B gene, there were statistically significant associations between all levels of alcohol intake and risk of breast cancer (all OR > 1.34 and all lower CI > 1.01), while for women with the GA or AA genotype, there were no significant associations between alcohol intake and risk of breast cancer. Alcohol intake, genes involved in alcohol metabolism and their interaction increase the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women. This information could be useful for primary care providers to personalize information about breast cancer risk reduction.
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Mao Q, Gao L, Wang H, Wang Q, Zhang T. The alcohol dehydrogenase 1C(rs698) genotype and breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Asia Pac J Public Health 2012; 27:NP36-46. [PMID: 22652248 DOI: 10.1177/1010539512446962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Published data regarding the association between alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) 1C genotypes and breast cancer risk show conflicting results. The authors performed this meta-analysis on 1969 patients and 2244 controls from 4 (including 7 study populations) related case-control studies to estimate the association between ADH1C(rs698) genotyping information and breast cancer risk. According to the 6 eligible populations, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for breast cancer risk for ADH1C (1-2) versus ADH1C (2-2) , ADH1C (1-1) versus ADH1C (2-2) genotype, and ADH1C (1) versus ADH1C (2) were 1.16 (0.95-1.42), 1.17 (0.95-1.44), and 1.05 (0.96-1.16), respectively. The OR (95% CI) for ADH1C (1-1) + ADH1C (1-2) versus ADH1C (2-2) from the 7 study populations was 1.14 (0.96-1.36). Meanwhile, genotypes of ADH1C (1-1) + ADH1C (1-2) increased the risk of breast cancer in drinkers (OR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.03-1.76). This meta-analysis suggested that the ADH1C (1) allele might modestly influence the effect of alcohol on breast cancer but is not an independent risk factor for breast cancer. However, more restricted prospective studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunxia Mao
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Linggen Gao
- General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- China Institute of Industrial Relations, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- National Centre for Women and Children's Health, China CDC, Beijing, China
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Xue Y, Wang M, Zhong D, Tong N, Chu H, Sheng X, Zhang Z. ADH1C Ile350Val polymorphism and cancer risk: evidence from 35 case-control studies. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37227. [PMID: 22675424 PMCID: PMC3366713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (ADH1C) is the key enzyme catalyze oxidation of alcohol to acetaldehyde, which plays vital roles in the etiology of various cancer. To date, studies investigated the association between a functional polymorphism in ADH1C, Ile350Val (rs698), and risk of cancer have shown inclusive results. METHODS A meta-analysis based on 35 case-control studies was performed to address this issue. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association. The statistical heterogeneity across studies was examined with χ2-based Q-test. RESULTS Overall, no significant associations between ADH1C Ile350Val polymorphism and cancer risk were observed in any genetic models (P>0.05). In the stratified analyses, there was a significantly increased cancer risk among African (Val/Val vs. Ile/Ile OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.29-3.73, P(heterogeneity) = 0.989; Ile/Val + Val/Val vs. Ile/Ile: OR = 1.79, 95%CI = 1.18-2.71, P(heterogeneity) = 0.761; Val/Val vs. Ile/Val + Ile/Ile: OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.16-3.17, P(heterogeneity) = 0.981) and Asian (Ile/Val vs. Ile/Ile: OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.32-1.90, P(heterogeneity) = 0.375; Val/Val vs. Ile/Ile: OR = 3.84, 95% CI = 1.74-8.49, P(heterogeneity) = 0.160; Ile/Val + Val/Val vs. Ile/Ile: OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.38-1.96, P(heterogeneity) = 0.330; Val/Val vs. Ile/Val + Ile/Ile: OR = 3.54, 95% CI = 1.62-7.75, P(heterogeneity) = 0.154) studies. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that ADH1C Ile350Val polymorphism may contribute to cancer risk among Africans and Asians. Additional comprehensive system analyses are required to validate this association combined with other related polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Molecular & Genetic Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Molecular & Genetic Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongyan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Molecular & Genetic Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Tong
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Molecular & Genetic Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojing Sheng
- Department of Molecular & Genetic Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Molecular & Genetic Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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Seitz HK, Pelucchi C, Bagnardi V, La Vecchia C. Epidemiology and pathophysiology of alcohol and breast cancer: Update 2012. Alcohol Alcohol 2012; 47:204-12. [PMID: 22459019 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/ags011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To update epidemiological data on alcohol and breast cancer, with special emphasis on light alcohol consumption, and to review mechanisms of alcohol mediated mammary carcinogenesis. METHODS For epidemiological data, in November 2011 we performed a literature search in various bibliographic databases, and we conducted a meta-analysis of data on light alcohol drinking. Relevant mechanistic studies were also reviewed to November 2011. RESULTS A significant increase of the order of 4% in the risk of breast cancer is already present at intakes of up to one alcoholic drink/day. Heavy alcohol consumption, defined as three or more drinks/day, is associated with an increased risk by 40-50%. This translates into up to 5% of breast cancers attributable to alcohol in northern Europe and North America for a total of approximately 50,000 alcohol-attributable cases of breast cancer worldwide. Up to 1-2% of breast cancers in Europe and North America are attributable to light drinking alone, given its larger prevalence in most female populations when compared with heavy drinking. Alcohol increases estrogen levels, and estrogens may exert its carcinogenic effect on breast tissue either via the ER or directly. Other mechanisms may include acetaldehyde, oxidative stress, epigenetic changes due to a disturbed methyl transfer and decreased retinoic acid concentrations associated with an altered cell cycle. CONCLUSIONS Women should not exceed one drink/day, and women at elevated risk for breast cancer should avoid alcohol or consume alcohol occasionally only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut K Seitz
- Centre of Alcohol Research, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
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Ethanol promotes mammary tumor growth and angiogenesis: the involvement of chemoattractant factor MCP-1. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 133:1037-48. [PMID: 22160640 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1902-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a risk factor for breast cancer in humans. Experimental studies indicate that alcohol exposure promotes malignant progression of mammary tumors. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Alcohol induces a pro-inflammatory response by modulating the expression of cytokines and chemokines. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), also known as chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, is a pro-inflammatory chemokine implicated in breast cancer development/malignancy. We investigated the role of MCP-1 in alcohol-promoted mammary tumor progression. Using a xenograft model, we demonstrated that alcohol increased tumor angiogenesis and promoted growth/metastasis of breast cancer cells in C57BL/6 mice. Alcohol up-regulated the expression of MCP-1 and its receptor CCR2 in breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Using a three-dimensional tumor/endothelial cell co-culture system, we demonstrated MCP-1 regulated tumor/endothelial cell interaction and promoted tumor angiogenesis. More importantly, MCP-1 mediated alcohol-promoted angiogenesis; an antagonist of the MCP-1 receptor CCR2 significantly inhibited alcohol-stimulated tumor angiogenesis. The CCR2 antagonist abolished ethanol-stimulated growth of mammary tumors in mice. We further demonstrated that MCP-1 enhanced the migration, but not the proliferation of endothelial cells as well as breast cancer cells. These results suggest that MCP-1 plays an important role in ethanol-stimulated tumor angiogenesis and tumor progression.
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Xu M, Bower KA, Wang S, Frank JA, Chen G, Ding M, Wang S, Shi X, Ke Z, Luo J. Cyanidin-3-glucoside inhibits ethanol-induced invasion of breast cancer cells overexpressing ErbB2. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:285. [PMID: 21034468 PMCID: PMC2984473 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ethanol is a tumor promoter. Both epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that ethanol may enhance the metastasis of breast cancer cells. We have previously demonstrated that ethanol increased the migration/invasion of breast cancer cells expressing high levels of ErbB2. Amplification of ErbB2 is found in 20-30% of breast cancer patients and is associated with poor prognosis. We sought to identify agents that can prevent or ameliorate ethanol-induced invasion of breast cancer cells. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), an anthocyanin present in many vegetables and fruits, is a potent natural antioxidant. Ethanol exposure causes the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study evaluated the effect of C3G on ethanol-induced breast cancer cell migration/invasion. Results C3G attenuated ethanol-induced migration/invasion of breast cancer cells expressing high levels of ErbB2 (BT474, MDA-MB231 and MCF7ErbB2) in a concentration dependent manner. C3G decreased ethanol-mediated cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) as well as the amount of focal adhesions and the formation of lamellipodial protrusion. It inhibited ethanol-stimulated phosphorylation of ErbB2, cSrc, FAK and p130Cas, as well as interactions among these proteins. C3G abolished ethanol-mediated p130Cas/JNK interaction. Conclusions C3G blocks ethanol-induced activation of the ErbB2/cSrc/FAK pathway which is necessary for cell migration/invasion. C3G may be beneficial in preventing/reducing ethanol-induced breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Song M, Lee KM, Kang D. Breast cancer prevention based on gene-environment interaction. Mol Carcinog 2010; 50:280-90. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.20639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Xu M, Bower KA, Chen G, Shi X, Dong Z, Ke Z, Luo J. Ethanol enhances the interaction of breast cancer cells over-expressing ErbB2 with fibronectin. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2010; 34:751-60. [PMID: 20201928 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01147.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol is a tumor promoter and may enhance the metastasis of breast cancer. However, the underlying cellular/molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Amplification of ErbB2 or HER2, a receptor tyrosine kinase of the ErbB family, is found in 20 to 30% of patients with breast cancer. We have previously demonstrated that the effect of ethanol on the migration/invasion of breast cancer cells positively correlated with the expression levels of ErbB2. Adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important initial step for cancer cell invasion and metastasis. In this study, we investigated the effects of ethanol on the adhesion of MCF7 breast cancer cells over-expressing ErbB2 (MCF7(ErbB2)) to human plasma fibronectin. METHODS To test the hypothesis that ethanol may enhance the attachment of human breast cancer cells to fibronectin, an important component of the ECM, we evaluated the effect of ethanol on the expression of focal adhesions, cell attachment, and ErbB2 signaling in cultured MCF7(ErbB2) cells. RESULTS Exposure to ethanol drastically enhanced the adhesion of MCF(ErbB2) cells to fibronectin and increased the expression of focal adhesions. Ethanol induced phosphorylation of ErbB2 at Tyr1248, FAK at Tyr861, and cSrc at Try216. Ethanol promoted the interaction among ErbB2, FAK, and cSrc, and the formation of a focal complex. AG825, a selective ErbB2 inhibitor, attenuated the ethanol-induced phosphorylation of ErbB2 and its association with FAK. Furthermore, AG825 blocked ethanol-promoted cell/fibronectin adhesion as well as the expression of focal adhesions. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that ethanol enhances the adhesion of breast cancer cells to fibronectin in an ErbB2-dependent manner, and the FAK pathway plays an important role in ethanol-induced formation of a focal complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, 40536, USA
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Martínez C, Galván S, Garcia-Martin E, Ramos MI, Gutiérrez-Martín Y, Agúndez JAG. Variability in ethanol biodisposition in whites is modulated by polymorphisms in the ADH1B and ADH1C genes. Hepatology 2010; 51:491-500. [PMID: 20101753 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Association between genetic variations in alcohol-related enzymes and impaired ethanol biodisposition has not been unambiguously proven, and the effect of many newly described polymorphisms remains to be explored. The aims of this study are to elucidate the influence of genetic factors in alcohol biodisposition and effects. We analyzed alcohol pharmacokinetics and biodisposition after the administration of 0.5 g/kg ethanol; we measured ethanol effects on reaction time and motor time in response to visual and acoustic signals, and we analyzed 13 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in the genes coding for ADH1B, ADH1C, ALDH2, and CYP2E1 in 250 healthy white individuals. Variability in ethanol pharmacokinetics and biodisposition is related to sex, with women showing a higher area under the curve (AUC) (P = 0.002), maximum concentration (Cmax) (P < 0.001) and metabolic rate (P = 0.001). Four nonsynonymous SNPs are related to decreased alcohol metabolic rates: ADH1B rs6413413 (P = 0.012), ADH1C rs283413 (P < 0.001), rs1693482 (P < 0.001), and rs698 (P < 0.001). Individuals carrying diplotypes combining these mutations display statistically significant decrease in alcohol biodisposition as compared with individuals lacking these mutations. Alcohol effects displayed bimodal distribution independently of sex or pharmacokinetics. Most individuals had significant delays in reaction and motor times at alcohol blood concentrations under 500 mg/L, which are the driving limits for most countries. CONCLUSION Besides the identification of new genetic factors related to alcohol biodisposition relevant to whites, this study provides unambiguous identification of diplotypes related to variability in alcohol biodisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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An empirical comparison of meta-analyses of published gene-disease associations versus consortium analyses. Genet Med 2009; 11:153-62. [PMID: 19367188 DOI: 10.1097/gim.0b013e3181929237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Consortia of investigators currently compile sufficiently large sample sizes to investigate the effects of low-risk susceptibility genetic variants. It is not clear how the results obtained by consortia compare with those derived from meta-analyses of published studies. METHODS We performed meta-analyses of published data for 16 genetic polymorphisms investigated by the Breast Cancer Association Consortium, and compared sample sizes, heterogeneity, and effect sizes. PubMed, Web of Science, and Human Genome Epidemiology Network databases were searched for breast cancer case-control association studies. RESULTS We found that meta-analyses of published data and consortium analyses were based on substantially different data. Published data by non-consortium teams amounted on average to 26.9% of all available data (range 3.0 -50.0%). Both approaches showed statistically significant decreased breast cancer risks for CASP8 D302H. The meta-analyses of published data demonstrated statistically significant results for five other genes and the consortium analyses for two other genes, but the strength of this evidence, evaluated on the basis of the Venice criteria, was not strong. CONCLUSIONS Because both approaches identified the same gene out of 16 candidates, the methods can be complimentary. The expense and complexity of consortium-based studies should be considered vis-à-vis the potential methodological limitations of synthesis of published studies.
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Cummings SR, Tice JA, Bauer S, Browner WS, Cuzick J, Ziv E, Vogel V, Shepherd J, Vachon C, Smith-Bindman R, Kerlikowske K. Prevention of breast cancer in postmenopausal women: approaches to estimating and reducing risk. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009; 101:384-98. [PMID: 19276457 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djp018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is uncertain whether evidence supports routinely estimating a postmenopausal woman's risk of breast cancer and intervening to reduce risk. METHODS We systematically reviewed prospective studies about models and sex hormone levels to assess breast cancer risk and used meta-analysis with random effects models to summarize the predictive accuracy of breast density. We also reviewed prospective studies of the effects of exercise, weight management, healthy diet, moderate alcohol consumption, and fruit and vegetable intake on breast cancer risk, and used random effects models for a meta-analyses of tamoxifen and raloxifene for primary prevention of breast cancer. All studies reviewed were published before June 2008, and all statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Risk models that are based on demographic characteristics and medical history had modest discriminatory accuracy for estimating breast cancer risk (c-statistics range = 0.58-0.63). Breast density was strongly associated with breast cancer (relative risk [RR] = 4.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.10 to 5.26, for Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category IV vs category I; RR = 4.20, 95% CI = 3.61 to 4.89, for >75% vs <5% of dense area), and adding breast density to models improved discriminatory accuracy (c-statistics range = 0.63-0.66). Estradiol was also associated with breast cancer (RR range = 2.0-2.9, comparing the highest vs lowest quintile of estradiol, P < .01). Most studies found that exercise, weight reduction, low-fat diet, and reduced alcohol intake were associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer. Tamoxifen and raloxifene reduced the risk of estrogen receptor-positive invasive breast cancer and invasive breast cancer overall. CONCLUSIONS Evidence from this study supports screening for breast cancer risk in all postmenopausal women by use of risk factors and breast density and considering chemoprevention for those found to be at high risk. Several lifestyle changes with the potential to prevent breast cancer should be recommended regardless of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Cummings
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, 94107, USA.
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Druesne-Pecollo N, Tehard B, Mallet Y, Gerber M, Norat T, Hercberg S, Latino-Martel P. Alcohol and genetic polymorphisms: effect on risk of alcohol-related cancer. Lancet Oncol 2009; 10:173-80. [PMID: 19185835 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(09)70019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Public health guidelines aim to limit the consumption of alcoholic beverages worldwide and the subsequent health burden. In particular, alcohol consumption is an avoidable risk factor for cancer. In human beings, ethanol in alcoholic drinks is mainly oxidised in the liver by alcohol dehydrogenases to acetaldehyde, and is further detoxified to acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenases. Functional variants in genes involved in alcohol metabolism result in differences between individuals in exposure to carcinogenic acetaldehyde, suggesting a possible interaction of genetic susceptibility and alcohol exposure in cancer. We reviewed available studies of the combined effects of alcohol drinking and genetic polymorphisms on alcohol-related cancer risk. Most available data were for polymorphisms in alcohol and folate metabolism. We give an overview of published studies on the combined effects of alcohol drinking and polymorphisms in genes for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), cytochrome P450 2E1, and methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase on the risk of alcohol-related cancer. Current data lend support to a role of polymorphisms ADH1B and ALDH2 combined with alcohol consumption in cancer. Other available data are insufficient or inconclusive, highlighting the need for additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U 557, University of Paris 13, Bobigny, France.
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Helzlsouer KJ. The ongoing legacy--the George W. Comstock Center for Public Health Research and Prevention. Am J Epidemiol 2008; 168:673-5. [PMID: 18794223 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwn162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kathy J Helzlsouer
- Prevention and Research Center, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
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Honors and Awards * Bibliography of Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles. Am J Epidemiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwn247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Jung AY, Poole EM, Bigler J, Whitton J, Potter JD, Ulrich CM. DNA methyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase: gene-nutrient interactions in relation to risk of colorectal polyps. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:330-8. [PMID: 18268116 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-2608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in DNA methylation are a characteristic of colorectal carcinogenesis. Folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism is essential for providing one-carbon groups for DNA methylation via DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). Alcohol, a folate antagonist, could adversely affect one-carbon metabolism. In a case-control study of colorectal polyps, we evaluated three single nucleotide polymorphisms (-149C>T, -283T>C, -579G>T) in the promoter region of the DNMT3b gene, and a functional polymorphism in the coding region of the alcohol dehydrogenase ADH1C gene, ADH1C *2. Cases had a first diagnosis of colorectal adenomatous (n = 530) or hyperplastic (n = 202) polyps at the time of colonoscopy, whereas controls were polyp-free (n = 649). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). There were no significant main associations between the DNMT3b or ADH1C polymorphisms and polyp risk. However, DNMT3b -149TT was associated with an increase in adenoma risk among individuals with low folate and methionine intake (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.06-3.78, P interaction = 0.10). The ADH1C *2/*2 genotype was associated with a possibly elevated risk for adenomatous polyps among individuals who consumed >26 g of alcohol/d (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 0.60-6.30), whereas individuals who were wild-type for ADH1C were not at increased risk of adenoma (P interaction = 0.01). These gene-diet interactions suggest that polymorphisms relevant to DNA methylation or alcohol metabolism may play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis in conjunction with a high-risk diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Y Jung
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, M4-B402, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
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