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Yao Z, Lin M, Lin T, Gong X, Qin P, Li H, Kang T, Ye J, Zhu Y, Hong Q, Liu Y, Li Y, Wang J, Fang F. The expression of IGFBP-5 in the reproductive axis and effect on the onset of puberty in female rats. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:100. [PMID: 35821045 PMCID: PMC9277959 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) has recently been shown to alter the reproductive capacity by regulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF) bioavailability or IGF-independent effects. The present study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of IGFBP-5 on the onset of puberty in female rats. Immunofluorescence and real-time quantitative PCR were used to determine the expression and location of IGFBP-5 mRNA and protein distribution in the infant's hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary (HPO) axis prepuberty, peripuberty, puberty and adult female rats. Prepubertal rats with IGFBP-5 intracerebroventricular (ICV) were injected to determine the puberty-related genes expression and the concentrations of reproductive hormones. Primary hypothalamic cells were treated with IGFBP-5 to determine the expression of puberty-related genes and the Akt and mTOR proteins. Results showed that Igfbp-5 mRNA and protein were present on the HPO axis. The addition of IGFBP-5 to primary hypothalamic cells inhibited the expression of Gnrh and Igf-1 mRNAs (P < 0.05) and increased the expression of AKT and mTOR protein (P < 0.01). IGFBP-5 ICV-injection delayed the onset of puberty, reduced Gnrh, Igf-1, and Fshβ mRNAs, and decreased the concentrations of E2, P4, FSH,serum LH levels and the ovaries weight (P < 0.05). More corpus luteum and fewer primary follicles were found after IGFBP-5 injection (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiu Yao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Maosen Lin
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xinbao Gong
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Pin Qin
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Hailing Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Tiezhu Kang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yanyun Zhu
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Qiwen Hong
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yunsheng Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Juhua Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Fugui Fang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
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Beer consumption negatively regulates hormonal reproductive status and reduces apoptosis in Leydig cells in peripubertal rats. Alcohol 2019; 78:21-31. [PMID: 30690073 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Beer is one of the most popular alcoholic beverages consumed by young people. Ethanol intake is associated with harmful effects to the reproductive system. Bioactive compounds present in beer may diminish the toxics effect of ethanol. However, there is still little knowledge about the effect of beer consumption on hormonal regulation of male reproduction in organisms exposed to alcohol after the peripubertal age. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the influence of beer intake on plasma reproductive hormones, immunolocalization of cleaved caspase-3 (casp-3), and the level of the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in Leydig cells (LCs) in adolescent male Wistar rats. The animals, beginning at the age of 30 days, drank beer (10% ethanol; B2 group [2 weeks' exposure] and B4 group [4 weeks' exposure]), 10% ethanol solution (CE2 group [2 weeks' exposure] and CE4 group [4 weeks' exposure]), or water (C2 group [2 weeks' exposure] and C4 group [4 weeks' exposure]). Rats drinking beer for 4 weeks showed higher phenolic acid intake compared to rats drinking beer for 2 weeks. Rats exposed to beer for 4 weeks showed decreased plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and 17β-estradiol (E2) (3.173 ng/mL and 11.49 pg/mL, respectively), compared to the CE4 (5.293 ng/mL and 43.912 pg/mL, respectively) and the C4 groups (5.002 ng/mL and 41.121 pg mL, respectively). Expression of cleaved caspase-3 in LCs was lower in the B4 group rats, compared to the CE4 group rats (ID score: 1.676 vs. 2.190). No changes in nNOS expression were observed. Beer consumption revealed a similar negative effect on hormonal regulation of male reproductive function, but lower apoptosis in LCs may be beneficial for steroidogenic activity.
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Sliwowska JH, Ziarniak K, Dudek M, Matuszewska J, Tena-Sempere M. Dangerous liaisons for pubertal maturation: the impact of alcohol consumption and obesity on the timing of puberty†. Biol Reprod 2018; 100:25-40. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna H Sliwowska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kamil Ziarniak
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Dudek
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Julia Matuszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, and Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBEROBN - Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
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Srivastava VK, Hiney JK, Dees WL. Alcohol Delays the Onset of Puberty in the Female Rat by Altering Key Hypothalamic Events. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1166-1176. [PMID: 29689132 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because alcohol (ALC) delays signs of pubertal development, we assessed the time course of events associated with the synthesis of critical hypothalamic peptides that regulate secretion of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), the peptide that drives the pubertal process. METHODS Immature female rats were administered either laboratory chow or BioServe isocaloric control or ALC-liquid diets from 27 through 33 days of age. On days 28, 29, 31, and 33, animals were killed by decapitation and tissue blocks containing the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) and the rostral hypothalamic area (RHA) were isolated and stored frozen until assessed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Synthesis of dynorphin (DYN), a prepubertal inhibitor of LHRH secretion, was increased (p < 0.05) in the MBH of ALC-treated animals by day 29. DYN was further elevated (p < 0.01) on day 33 and was associated with an increase (p < 0.01) in DYN receptor expression. ALC did not affect synthesis of neurokinin B (NKB), a prepubertal stimulator of LHRH; however, it did suppress (p < 0.05) NKB receptor expression in the MBH by day 31. The most potent stimulator of prepubertal LHRH secretion, kisspeptin (Kp), was also decreased (p < 0.05) in the MBH as early as day 29, with continued suppression (p < 0.01) through day 33. Similar timely suppressions of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), an immediate upstream regulator of Kp, were also noted. These decreases in mTOR and Kp were consistent with ALC stimulating (p < 0.05) the p-AMP-activated protein kinase/Raptor inhibitory pathway to mTOR on day 29, then later suppressing (p < 0.001) an Akt-mediated induction pathway to mTOR by day 31. In the RHA, ALC affected the pathways regulating Kp in a manner similar to that described in the MBH; however, these effects were not noted until day 33. CONCLUSIONS ALC acts within the MBH as early as 29 days to induce inhibitor and repressor inputs to LHRH, while depressing stimulatory inputs to the peptide. Collectively, these events lead to delayed signs of pubertal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod K Srivastava
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jill K Hiney
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - William L Dees
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Hiney JK, Srivastava VK, Vaden Anderson DN, Hartzoge NL, Dees WL. Regulation of Kisspeptin Synthesis and Release in the Preoptic/Anterior Hypothalamic Region of Prepubertal Female Rats: Actions of IGF-1 and Alcohol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 42:61-68. [PMID: 29072778 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol (ALC) causes suppressed secretion of prepubertal luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and kisspeptin (Kp) are major regulators of LHRH and are critical for puberty. IGF-1 may be an upstream mediator of Kp in the preoptic area and rostral hypothalamic area (POA/RHA) of the rat brain, a region containing both Kp and LHRH neurons. We investigated the ability of IGF-1 to stimulate prepubertal Kp synthesis and release in POA/RHA, and the potential inhibitory effects of ALC. METHODS Immature female rats were administered either ALC (3 g/kg) or water via gastric gavage at 0730 hours. At 0900 hours, both groups were subdivided where half received either saline or IGF-1 into the brain third ventricle. A second dose of ALC (2 g/kg) or water was administered at 1130 hours. Rats were killed 6 hours after injection and POA/RHA region collected. RESULTS IGF-1 stimulated Kp, an action blocked by ALC. Upstream to Kp, IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) activation, as demonstrated by the increase in insulin receptor substrate 1, resulted in activation of Akt, tuberous sclerosis 2, ras homologue enriched in brain, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). ALC blocked the central action of IGF-1 to induce their respective phosphorylation. IGF-1 specificity and ALC specificity for the Akt-activated mTOR pathway were demonstrated by the absence of effects on PRAS40. Furthermore, IGF-1 stimulated Kp release from POA/RHA incubated in vitro. CONCLUSIONS IGF-1 stimulates prepubertal Kp synthesis and release following activation of a mTOR signaling pathway, and ALC blocks this pathway at the level of IGF-1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill K Hiney
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Vinod K Srivastava
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Danielle N Vaden Anderson
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Nicole L Hartzoge
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - William L Dees
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Guan L, Xu K, Xu S, Li N, Wang X, Xia Y, Wu D. Profiles of metabolic gene expression in the white adipose tissue, liver and hypothalamus in leptin knockout (Lep ΔI14/ΔI14 ) rats. J Biomed Res 2017; 31:528. [PMID: 28866659 PMCID: PMC6307666 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.31.20170021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin deficiency is principally linked to metabolic disorders. Leptin knockout (LepΔI14/ΔI14) Sprague Dawley rats created by CRISPR/Cas9 is a new model to study metabolic disorders. We used a whole rat genome oligonucleotide microarray to obtain tissue-specific gene expression profiles of the white adipose tissue, liver and hypothalamus in LepΔI14/ΔI14 and wild-type (WT) rats. We found 1,651 differentially expressed (enriched) genes in white adipose tissue, 916 in the liver, and 306 in the hypothalamus in the LepΔI14/ΔI14 rats compared to WT. Gene ontology category and KEGG pathway analysis of the relationships among differentially expressed genes showed that these genes were represented in a variety of functional categories, including fatty acid metabolism, molecular transducers and cellular processes. The reliability of the data obtained from microarray was verified by quantitative real-time PCR on 14 representative genes. These data will contribute to a greater understanding of different metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leijian Guan
- . State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Kaixuan Xu
- . State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- . Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, China
| | - Shuyang Xu
- . School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ningning Li
- . State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- . State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- . State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Di Wu
- . State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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Dees WL, Hiney JK, Srivastava VK. Alcohol and Puberty: Mechanisms of Delayed Development. Alcohol Res 2017; 38:277-282. [PMID: 28988578 PMCID: PMC5513690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence represents a vulnerable period for developing youth. Alcohol use and misuse are especially problematic behaviors during this time. Adolescents are more sensitive to alcohol and less tolerant of its detrimental effects than are adults. Research in humans and animals has revealed that early alcohol consumption can result in delayed pubertal development. Animal studies have shown that alcohol detrimentally affects neuroendocrine systems within the hypothalamic region of the brain that are associated with the normal, timely onset of the pubertal process. To effectively restore development and shorten recovery time associated with the adverse effects of alcohol on puberty, researchers must first understand the molecular and physiological mechanisms by which alcohol interferes with critical hypothalamic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Dees
- William L. Dees, Ph.D., is a Professor; Jill K. Hiney, Ph.D., is a Research Assistant Professor; and Vinod K. Srivastava, Ph.D., is a Research Associate Professor, all in the Department of Veterinary Integrative Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jill K Hiney
- William L. Dees, Ph.D., is a Professor; Jill K. Hiney, Ph.D., is a Research Assistant Professor; and Vinod K. Srivastava, Ph.D., is a Research Associate Professor, all in the Department of Veterinary Integrative Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Vinod K Srivastava
- William L. Dees, Ph.D., is a Professor; Jill K. Hiney, Ph.D., is a Research Assistant Professor; and Vinod K. Srivastava, Ph.D., is a Research Associate Professor, all in the Department of Veterinary Integrative Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Sliwowska JH, Comeau WL, Bodnar TS, Ellis L, Weinberg J. Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Pair Feeding Differentially Impact Puberty and Reproductive Development in Female Rats: Role of the Kisspeptin System. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:2368-2376. [PMID: 27688161 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reproductive maturation is initiated with the onset of puberty, which activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and coincidences with increased expression of the hormone kisspeptin within the hypothalamus. Maturational events are sensitive to environmental factors, including alcohol, which is known to delay reproductive development. We hypothesized that, similar to alcohol's adverse effects during reproductive maturation, prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) would alter pubertal markers, sex hormone profiles, and kisspeptin expression in the hypothalamus. METHODS Female offspring from control (C), pair-fed (PF), and PAE groups were sacrificed prior to puberty onset (postnatal day [PND] 30), during puberty [PND 35], or in adulthood [PND 65]. Estradiol (E2 ), progesterone (P4 ), prolactin, and luteinizing hormone levels, and Kiss1 mRNA expression were measured in the arcuate (ARC) and anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) nuclei of the hypothalamus. Pubertal markers (vaginal opening [VO], uterus/body wt ratio) were assessed. RESULTS Our findings indicate that (i) PAE inhibits the expected increases in E2 levels with age and delays maturational increases of P4 levels; (ii) PAE and pair feeding have similar adverse effects on VO and uterus/body wt ratio; (iii) differential relationships between PRL and P4 suggest that different mechanisms may underlie delayed maturation in PAE and PF; that is, PF females have low PRL levels and no increase in P4 with age, whereas PAE animals, despite low PRL, show the expected age-related increase in P4 ; and (iv) there is higher mean density of Kiss1 mRNA in the ARC of adult PAE females and altered Kiss1 expression in the AVPV of both PAE and PF females. CONCLUSIONS PAE and pair feeding have some overlapping but important differential effects on hormonal profiles and Kiss1 mRNA expression during reproductive development. Preadolescent alterations in Kiss1 expression in the AVPV and ARC, which may change the balance of function in these 2 nuclei, may differentially contribute to delayed reproductive maturation in PAE and PF compared to C females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Helena Sliwowska
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. .,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Wendy L Comeau
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tamara S Bodnar
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Linda Ellis
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joanne Weinberg
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Manganese protects against the effects of alcohol on hypothalamic puberty-related hormones. Life Sci 2016; 148:106-11. [PMID: 26876914 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Since manganese (Mn) is capable of stimulating the hypothalamic-pituitary unit and advancing female puberty, we assessed the possibility that this element might overcome some of the detrimental effects of prepubertal alcohol (ALC) exposure on the hypothalamic control of pituitary function. MAIN METHODS Rats received either saline or Mn (10mg/kg) daily by gastric gavage from day 12 to day 31. After weaning, all rats were provided Lab Chow diet ad libitum until day 27 when they began receiving either the Bio Serv control or ALC diet regime. On day 31, the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) was collected to assess luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) protein levels. Release of prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), LHRH and serum luteinizing hormone (LH) were also assessed. Other animals were not terminated on day 31, but remained in study to assess timing of puberty. KEY FINDINGS Short-term ALC exposure caused elevated hypothalamic LHRH content, suggesting an inhibition in peptide release, resulting in a decrease in LH. Both actions of ALC were reversed by Mn supplementation. COX2 synthesis, as well as PGE2 and LHRH release were suppressed by ALC exposure, but Mn supplementation caused an increase in COX2 synthesis and subsequent PGE2 and LHRH release in the presence of ALC. Mn supplementation also ameliorated the action of ALC to delay puberty. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that low level Mn supplementation acts to protect the hypothalamus from some of the detrimental effects of ALC on puberty-related hormones.
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Srivastava VK, Hiney JK, Stevener K, Dees WL. Differential Effects of Alcohol on Excitatory and Inhibitory Puberty-Related Peptides in the Basal Hypothalamus of the Female Rat. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:2386-93. [PMID: 26608747 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increase in development of excitatory inputs along with a decline in inhibitory inputs ultimately govern the timely increased secretion of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) at the time of puberty. As chronic alcohol (ALC) exposure acts at the hypothalamic level to suppress LHRH secretion and delay puberty, we assessed its ability to differentially affect the expression of key puberty-related proteins. METHODS ALC was administered to female rats from days 27 to 33, at which time animals were killed and tissues collected for protein expression. In the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH), we assessed kisspeptin (Kp) 10, an excitatory peptide critical for prepubertal LHRH secretion, and Lin28b, a peptide with an inhibitory influence on puberty. As a direct mechanism of action of Lin28b was not known, we determined whether its central administration could induce dynorphin (DYN), a peptide that is inhibitory on LHRH secretion. Also, ALC's effect on DYN protein expression was assessed, as well as its effect on DYN release in vitro. RESULTS ALC markedly suppressed (p < 0.01) the expression of the excitatory Kp protein, while at the same time increased (p < 0.001) the expression of inhibitory Lin28b protein. Subsequently, we showed for the first time that the central administration of Lin28b stimulated (p < 0.01) the synthesis of DYN. Finally, ALC also induced (p < 0.01) the protein expression and stimulated (p < 0.01) the in vitro release of DYN from the MBH. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that ALC can simultaneously and differentially alter both excitatory and inhibitory influences governing pubertal development, show for the first time a mechanism of action by which Lin28b exerts its prepubertal inhibitory tone, and further demonstrate the negative influences of ALC on the pubertal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod K Srivastava
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jill K Hiney
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Kristyn Stevener
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - William L Dees
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Gawałek M, Sliwowska JH. Neuronal basis of reproductive dysfunctions associated with diet and alcohol: From the womb to adulthood. Reprod Biol 2015; 15:69-78. [PMID: 26051454 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The theory that individuals are born as tabula rasa and that their knowledge comes from experience and perception is no longer true. Studies suggest that experience is gained as early as in the mother's womb. Moreover, environmental stressors like alcohol or inadequate diet can affect physiological systems such as the hypothalmic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. The effects of these stressors can manifest as alterations in sexual development and adult reproductive functions. In this review, we consider and compare evidence from animal models and human studies demonstrating the role of environmental stressors (alcohol and under- or overnutrition) on the HPG axis. We review the role of alcohol and inadequate diet in prenatal reproductive system programming and consider specific candidate neurons in the adult hypothalamus through which reproductive function is being regulated. Finally, we review evidence from animal studies on the role that alcohol and diet play in fertility and reproductive disorders. We conclude that in order to better understand reproductive failure in animals and humans we need to consider in utero development and pay more attention to early life experience when searching for the origins of reproductive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gawałek
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Joanna H Sliwowska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznań, Poland.
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Sliwowska JH, Bodnar TS, Weinberg J. Prenatal alcohol exposure alters response of kisspeptin-ir neurons to estradiol and progesterone in adult female rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:2780-9. [PMID: 25421515 PMCID: PMC4244654 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has adverse effects on reproductive function and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) activity. Kisspeptin neurons play a role in mediating feedback effects of estradiol (E2 ) and progesterone (P4 ) on the HPG axis. We hypothesized that PAE will have long-term effects on the response of kisspeptin neurons to E2 and P4 . METHODS Adult female rats (53 to 58 days) from prenatal ad libitum-fed control (C), pair-fed (PF), and alcohol-exposed (PAE) groups were subjected to Sham ovariectomy (OVX) or OVX without or with replacement with low or high physiological levels of E2 and P4 , and terminated under basal conditions. E2 and P4 levels, and the response of kisspeptin-ir neurons in the arcuate (ARC) and anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) nuclei to these hormones, were measured. As the E2 signal is conveyed to kisspeptin neurons via estrogen receptor-α (ER-α), we investigated PAE effects on the number of kisspeptin-ir/ER-α-ir neurons. To determine whether PAE alters interactions between kisspeptin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, close contacts between kisspeptin-ir fibers and GnRH-ir cell bodies were examined. RESULTS Our data present the novel finding that kisspeptin-ir neurons in the ARC of PAE females show differential responses to E2 and to the combined treatment with E2 and P4 compared with controls: (i) OVX increased the number of kisspeptin-ir neurons in C and PF, but not PAE females compared with their Sham counterparts; (ii) E2 replacement restored kisspeptin-ir cell numbers to Sham levels in C and PF females but caused a robust down-regulation of kisspeptin-ir neurons below Sham levels in PAE females; (iii) OVX and replacement with high physiological concentrations of E2 resulted in fewer kisspeptin-ir cells in PAE than C females; (iv) OVX and replacement with high levels of both E2 and P4 markedly decreased the number of kisspeptin-ir neurons, below levels observed following E2 alone, in PF and C females, but had no significant effect in PAE females. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that a possible mechanism underlying adverse effects of PAE on HPG function involves actions of alcohol on the kisspeptin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna H. Sliwowska
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tamara S. Bodnar
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Joanne Weinberg
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Chronic alcohol consumption from adolescence-to-adulthood in mice--hypothalamic gene expression changes in the dilated cardiomyopathy signaling pathway. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15:61. [PMID: 24884436 PMCID: PMC4027996 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-15-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescence is a developmental stage vulnerable to alcohol drinking-related problems and the onset of alcoholism. Hypothalamus is a key brain region for food and water intake regulation, and is one of the alcohol-sensitive brain regions. However, it is not known what would be the alcohol effect on hypothalamus following adolescent alcohol intake, chronically over the adolescent development, at moderate levels. Results We employed a paradigm of chronic moderate alcohol intake from adolescence-to-adulthood in mice, and analyzed the alcohol effect on both behavioral and hypothalamic gene expression changes. A total of 751 genes were found and subjected to pathway analysis. The dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) pathway was identified. The changes of ten genes under this pathway were further verified using RT-PCR. Chronic alcohol consumption during adolescence, even at moderate levels, led to a decrease of motor activity in mice, and also a concerted down regulation of signaling pathway initiating factor (SPIF) genes in the DCM signaling pathway, including β1-adrenergic receptor (Adrb1), Gs protein (Gnas), adenylyl cyclase 1 (Adcy1), and dihydropyridine receptor/L-type calcium channel (Cacna1d). Conclusions These findings suggest that adolescent alcohol intake may trigger gene expression changes in the CNS that parallel those found in the dilated cardiomyopathy signaling pathway. If such effects also take place in humans, our findings would serve as a warning against alcohol intake in youth, such as by teens and/or college students.
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Hu J, Du G, Zhang W, Huang H, Chen D, Wu D, Wang X. Short-term neonatal/prepubertal exposure of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) advanced pubertal timing and affected hypothalamic kisspeptin/GPR54 expression differently in female rats. Toxicology 2013; 314:65-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Melatonin and ethanol intake exert opposite effects on circulating estradiol and progesterone and differentially regulate sex steroid receptors in the ovaries, oviducts, and uteri of adult rats. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 39:40-9. [PMID: 23591044 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic ethanol intake is associated with sex hormone disturbances, and it is well known that melatonin plays a key role in regulating several reproductive processes. We report the effects of ethanol intake and melatonin treatment (at doses of 100 μg/100 g BW/day) on sex hormones and steroid receptors in the ovaries, oviducts and uteri of ethanol-preferring rats. After 150 days of treatment, animals were euthanized, and tissue samples were harvested to evaluate androgen, estrogen, progesterone and melatonin receptor subunits (AR, ER-α and ER-β, PRA, PRB and MT1R, respectively). Melatonin decreased estradiol (E2) and increased progesterone (P4) and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-STM), while an ethanol-melatonin combination reduced both P4 and E2. Ovarian AR was not influenced by either treatment, and oviduct AR was reduced after ethanol-melatonin combination. Oviduct ER-α, ER-β and uterine ER-β were down-regulated by either ethanol or melatonin. Conversely, ovarian PRA and PRB were positively regulated by ethanol and ethanol-melatonin combination, whereas PRA was down-regulated in the uterus and oviduct after ethanol consumption. MT1R was increased in ovaries and uteri of melatonin-treated rats. Ethanol and melatonin exert opposite effects on E2 and P4, and they differentially regulate the expression of sex steroid receptors in female reproductive tissues.
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Pinilla L, Aguilar E, Dieguez C, Millar RP, Tena-Sempere M. Kisspeptins and Reproduction: Physiological Roles and Regulatory Mechanisms. Physiol Rev 2012; 92:1235-316. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 529] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Procreation is essential for survival of species. Not surprisingly, complex neuronal networks have evolved to mediate the diverse internal and external environmental inputs that regulate reproduction in vertebrates. Ultimately, these regulatory factors impinge, directly or indirectly, on a final common pathway, the neurons producing the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates pituitary gonadotropin secretion and thereby gonadal function. Compelling evidence, accumulated in the last few years, has revealed that kisspeptins, a family of neuropeptides encoded by the Kiss1 gene and produced mainly by neuronal clusters at discrete hypothalamic nuclei, are pivotal upstream regulators of GnRH neurons. As such, kisspeptins have emerged as important gatekeepers of key aspects of reproductive maturation and function, from sexual differentiation of the brain and puberty onset to adult regulation of gonadotropin secretion and the metabolic control of fertility. This review aims to provide a comprehensive account of the state-of-the-art in the field of kisspeptin physiology by covering in-depth the consensus knowledge on the major molecular features, biological effects, and mechanisms of action of kisspeptins in mammals and, to a lesser extent, in nonmammalian vertebrates. This review will also address unsolved and contentious issues to set the scene for future research challenges in the area. By doing so, we aim to endow the reader with a critical and updated view of the physiological roles and potential translational relevance of kisspeptins in the integral control of reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Pinilla
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III; and Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Córdoba, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; and Centre for Integrative Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Enrique Aguilar
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III; and Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Córdoba, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; and Centre for Integrative Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III; and Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Córdoba, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; and Centre for Integrative Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert P. Millar
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III; and Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Córdoba, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; and Centre for Integrative Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III; and Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Córdoba, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; and Centre for Integrative Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Hypothalamic glial-to-neuronal signaling during puberty: influence of alcohol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2011; 8:2876-94. [PMID: 21845163 PMCID: PMC3155334 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph8072894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian puberty requires complex interactions between glial and neuronal regulatory systems within the hypothalamus that results in the timely increase in the secretion of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH). Assessing the molecules required for the development of coordinated communication networks between glia and LHRH neuron terminals in the basal hypothalamus, as well as identifying substances capable of affecting cell-cell communication are important. One such pathway involves growth factors of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family that bind to specific erbB receptors. Activation of this receptor results in the release of prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) from adjacent glial cells, which then acts on the nearby LHRH nerve terminals to elicit release of the peptide. Another pathway involves novel genes which synthesize adhesion/signaling proteins responsible for the structural integrity of bi-directional glial-neuronal communication. In this review, we will discuss the influence of these glial-neuronal communication pathways on the prepubertal LHRH secretory system, and furthermore, discuss the actions and interactions of alcohol on these two signaling processes.
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Srivastava VK, Hiney JK, Dees WL. Hypothalamic actions and interactions of alcohol and IGF-1 on the expression of glial receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase-β during female pubertal development. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2011; 35:1812-21. [PMID: 21595703 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypothalamic glial-neuronal communications are important for the activation of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) secretion at the time of puberty. As we have shown that alcohol (ALC) diminishes prepubertal LHRH secretion and delays puberty, we first assessed the effects of short-term ALC administration on the basal expression of a specific gene family involved in glial-neuronal communications. Second, as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a critical regulator of LHRH secretion and the pubertal process, we then assessed whether IGF-1 could induce the expression of these signaling genes and determine whether ALC can block this affect. METHODS Immature female rats were fed a liquid diet containing ALC for 6 days beginning when 27 days old. Control animals received either the companion isocaloric liquid diet or rat chow and water. Animals were decapitated on day 33, in the late juvenile stage of development. Medial basal hypothalamic (MBH) tissues were obtained for gene and protein analyses of glial receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase-β (RPTPβ) and the 2 neuronal components, contactin and contactin-associated protein 1 (Caspr1). In the second experiment, IGF-1 was administered into the third ventricle (3V) and the MBH removed 6 hours after peptide delivery, and the above-mentioned 3 genes were analyzed by real-time PCR. To determine whether this action was affected by ALC, immature female rats were administered either ALC (3 g/kg) or water via gastric gavage at 0900 hours. At 1030 hours, the ALC and control groups were subdivided such that half of the animals were injected into the 3V with IGF-1 and the other half with an equal volume of saline. Rats were killed 6 hours after the IGF-1 injection and MBHs collected. RESULTS Real-time PCR showed that when compared with control animals, ALC caused a marked decrease (p < 0.001) in the basal expression of the RPTPβ gene, but did not affect the expression of either contactin or Caspr1. Likewise, analysis by Western blotting demonstrated that ALC caused suppressed (p < 0.001) levels of the RPTPβ protein, with the expressions of both contactin and Caspr1 proteins being unaltered. In the second experiment, results showed that only the RPTPβ gene was stimulated (p < 0.05) by IGF-1 in the MBH 6 hours after peptide delivery. Assessments revealed that the IGF-1 induced increase (p < 0.01) in the expression of the RPTPβ gene was blocked by the presence of ALC. CONCLUSIONS Prepubertal ALC exposure is capable of interfering with hypothalamic glial-neuronal communications by suppressing the synthesis of the glial product, RPTPβ, which is required for binding to the contactin-Caspr1 complex on LHRH neuronal terminals, thus suggesting that this action of ALC contributes to its detrimental effects on the pubertal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod K Srivastava
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4458, USA
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Srivastava VK, Hiney JK, Dees WL. Prepubertal ethanol exposure alters hypothalamic transforming growth factor-α and erbB1 receptor signaling in the female rat. Alcohol 2011; 45:173-81. [PMID: 20926228 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2010.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Glial-derived transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) activates the erbB1/erbB2 receptor complex on adjacent glial cells in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH). This receptor activation stimulates the synthesis and release of prostaglandin-E(2) (PGE(2)) from the glial cells, which then induces the release of prepubertal luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) secretion from nearby nerve terminals; thus, showing the importance of glial-neuronal communications at the time of puberty. Ethanol (EtOH) is known to cause depressed prepubertal LHRH secretion and delayed pubertal development. In this study, we assessed whether short-term EtOH exposure could alter the hypothalamic glial to glial signaling components involved in prepubertal PGE(2) secretion. Immature female rats began receiving control or EtOH diets beginning when 27 days old. The animals were killed by decapitation after 4 and 6 days of treatment and confirmed to be in the late juvenile stage of development. Blood and brain tissues were collected for gene, protein, and hormonal assessments. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis demonstrated that EtOH did not affect basal levels of erbB1 gene expression in the MBH. Expression of total erbB1 protein was also unaffected; however, the EtOH caused suppressed phosphorylation of erbB1 protein in the MBH at both 4 and 6 days (P<.01) as revealed by Western blotting. Phosphorylation and total protein levels of erbB2 receptor were not affected by EtOH exposure. Because this receptor is critical for PGE(2) synthesis/release, which mediates the secretion of LHRH, we assessed whether in vivo EtOH exposure could affect the release of PGE(2). EtOH exposure for 6 days suppressed (P<.01) basal levels of PGE(2) released into the medium. The effects of 4- and 6-day EtOH exposure on gene and protein expressions of TGFα, an upstream component in the activation of erbB1/erbB2, were also studied. The levels of TGFα mRNA were increased markedly at 4 days (P<.001), but declined to near basal levels by 6 days in the EtOH-treated animals. The EtOH caused increases in TGFα protein expression at both 4 (P<.001) and 6 (P<.01) days; hence, suggesting that the EtOH inhibited release of the peptide. We confirmed this inhibition by showing decreased (P<.01) TGFα released from MBHs incubated in vitro following 6 days of EtOH exposure in vivo. Thus, these results demonstrate that EtOH is capable of interfering with hypothalamic glial to glial signaling processes involved in prepubertal PGE(2) secretion.
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Peck JD, Peck BM, Skaggs VJ, Fukushima M, Kaplan HB. Socio-environmental factors associated with pubertal development in female adolescents: the role of prepubertal tobacco and alcohol use. J Adolesc Health 2011; 48:241-6. [PMID: 21338894 PMCID: PMC3058786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alcohol administered to laboratory animals has been shown to suppress puberty-related hormones and delay puberty by interfering with ovarian development and function. The effects of early substance use on human pubertal development are relatively unexplored. METHODS This cross-sectional study of 3,106 female adolescents, aged 11-21 years, evaluated the association between prepubertal alcohol and tobacco use and the onset of puberty. Ages at initial breast development, body hair growth, and menarche were self-reported. Prepubertal alcohol and tobacco use were defined as the age at first use before the age of pubertal development and accompanied by regular use. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between substance use and delayed puberty, defined as lack of breast development by the age of 13 years. RESULTS Unadjusted models indicated prepubertal tobacco use was associated with a longer time required for breast development (HR = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.65-0.85) and body hair growth (HR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.71-0.93). Prepubertal alcohol use was associated with late breast development (HR = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57-0.88). The direction of the observed associations remained consistent after adjusting for covariates, but the magnitude of effects were attenuated and the upper bound of the 95% CIs exceeded the null value. Girls who used alcohol before puberty had four times the odds of having delayed puberty (OR = 3.99; 95% CI, 1.94-8.21) as compared with nonusers. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that the endocrine-disrupting effects of alcohol and tobacco use may alter the timing of pubertal development. These cross-sectional findings warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer David Peck
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - B. Mitchell Peck
- University of Oklahoma, Department of Sociology, Norman, OK 73072
| | - Valerie J. Skaggs
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Miyuki Fukushima
- Cleveland State University, Department of Sociology and Criminology, Cleveland, OH 44115
| | - Howard B. Kaplan
- Texas A&M University, Department of Sociology, College Station, TX 77845
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d'Anglemont de Tassigny X, Colledge WH. The role of kisspeptin signaling in reproduction. Physiology (Bethesda) 2010; 25:207-17. [PMID: 20699467 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00009.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptins are a group of peptides that stimulate GnRH release and are required for puberty and maintenance of normal reproductive function. This review focuses on our understanding of the way in which kisspeptin signaling regulates mammalian fertility and how they act as central integrators of different hormonal and physiological signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier d'Anglemont de Tassigny
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Reproductive Physiology Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Hiney JK, Srivastava VK, Les Dees W. Insulin-like growth factor-1 stimulation of hypothalamic KiSS-1 gene expression is mediated by Akt: effect of alcohol. Neuroscience 2009; 166:625-32. [PMID: 20034543 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kisspeptin, as well as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), act centrally to stimulate luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) secretion at puberty. IGF-1 can induce KiSS-1 gene expression as an early pubertal event; however, the signaling pathway mediating this effect is not known. Since alcohol (ALC) blocks IGF-1 induced LHRH release acutely, we assessed whether this drug could affect IGF-1 stimulated prepubertal KiSS-1 gene expression following a binge type of exposure. Immature female rats were administered either ALC (3 g/kg) or water via gastric gavage at 07.30 h. At 09.00 h the ALC and control groups were subdivided where half received either saline or IGF-1 (200 ng) into the third ventricle. A second dose of ALC (1.5, 2 and 3 g/kg) or water was administered at 11.30 h. These regimens produced moderate blood alcohol concentrations of 77, 89 and 117 mg/dl, respectively, over the time course of the experiment. Rats were sacrificed 6 h after the IGF-1 injection and tissues containing the anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) and arcuate (ARC) nuclei were collected. IGF-1 stimulated (P<0.01) KiSS-1 gene expression in the AVPV nucleus at 6 h, but did not affect expression of the kisspeptin receptor, GPR54. While ALC did not alter basal expression of either gene, its dose dependently blocked IGF-1-induced KiSS-1 gene expression in the AVPV nucleus. No changes were observed in the ARC nucleus. Assessment of IGF-1 signaling indicated that the acute administration of IGF-1, ALC, or both did not alter the basal expression of IGF-1 receptor protein. However, IGF-1 stimulated (P<0.05) phosphorylated Akt protein over basal levels, an action blocked by ALC. Our results indicate that the IGF-1 induction of KiSS-1 gene expression is mediated by Akt activation, and that ALC alters this important prepubertal action of IGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Hiney
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A and M University College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA.
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Dees WL, Srivastava V, Hiney JK. Actions and interactions of alcohol and insulin-like growth factor-1 on female pubertal development. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2009; 33:1847-56. [PMID: 19719789 PMCID: PMC4547620 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.01041.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol (ALC) is a drug that is capable of disrupting reproductive function in adolescent humans, as well as immature rhesus monkeys and rats. Critical to determining the mechanism(s) of the effects of ALC on the pubertal process is to have a better understanding of the important events involved in the initiation of puberty. For years it has been hypothesized that there may be metabolic signals capable of linking somatic growth to the activation of the reproductive system at the time of puberty. In recent years it has been shown that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is one such signal that plays an early role in the pubertal process. In this review, we will describe the actions and interactions of ALC and IGF-1 on molecular and physiological processes associated with pubertal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Les Dees
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Srivastava VK, Hiney JK, Dees WL. Short-term alcohol administration alters KiSS-1 gene expression in the reproductive hypothalamus of prepubertal female rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2009; 33:1605-14. [PMID: 19519717 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00992.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kisspeptins bind to the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPR54) to activate hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) secretion at the time of puberty. Alcohol (ALC) causes depressed prepubertal LHRH release, resulting in depressed luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and delayed puberty. Because KiSS-1 and GPR54 are important to the onset of puberty, we assessed the effects of chronic ALC administration on basal expression of these puberty-related genes within the reproductive hypothalamus, as well as hormones and transduction signaling pathways contributing to their activity. METHODS Immature female rats were fed a liquid diet containing ALC for 6 days beginning when 27 days old. Controls received either companion isocaloric liquid diet or rat chow and water. Animals were decapitated on day 33, in the late juvenile stage of development. Blood was collected for the assessment of serum hormone levels. Brain tissues containing the anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) and arcuate (ARC) nuclei were obtained for assessing expression of specific puberty-related genes and proteins. RESULTS KiSS-1 mRNA levels in the AVPV and ARC nuclei were suppressed (p < 0.001) in the ALC-treated rats. GPR54 gene and protein expressions were both modestly increased (p < 0.05) in AVPV nucleus, but not in ARC nucleus. Alcohol exposure also resulted in suppressed serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), LH, and estradiol (E(2)). As IGF-1, in the presence of E(2), can induce expression of the KiSS-1 gene, we assessed the potential for ALC to alter IGF-1 signaling in the reproductive hypothalamus. IGF-1 receptor gene and protein expressions were not altered. However, protein expression of phosphorylated Akt, a transduction signal used by IGF-1, was suppressed in the AVPV (p < 0.05) and ARC (p < 0.01) nuclei. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol causes suppressed KiSS-1 gene expression in the reproductive hypothalamus; hence, contributing to this drug's ability to cause suppressed LHRH secretion and disruption of the pubertal process. We suggest that this action, at least in part, is through altered IGF-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod K Srivastava
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA
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