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Le PH, Linklater DP, Medina AA, MacLaughlin S, Crawford RJ, Ivanova EP. Impact of multiscale surface topography characteristics on Candida albicans biofilm formation: From cell repellence to fungicidal activity. Acta Biomater 2024; 177:20-36. [PMID: 38342192 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
While there has been significant research conducted on bacterial colonization on implant materials, with a focus on developing surface modifications to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms, the study of Candida albicans biofilms on implantable materials is still in its infancy, despite its growing relevance in implant-associated infections. C. albicans fungal infections represent a significant clinical concern due to their severity and associated high fatality rate. Pathogenic yeasts account for an increasing proportion of implant-associated infections, since Candida spp. readily form biofilms on medical and dental device surfaces. In addition, these biofilms are highly antifungal-resistant, making it crucial to explore alternative solutions for the prevention of Candida implant-associated infections. One promising approach is to modify the surface properties of the implant, such as the wettability and topography of these substrata, to prevent the initial Candida attachment to the surface. This review summarizes recent research on the effects of surface wettability, roughness, and architecture on Candida spp. attachment to implantable materials. The nanofabrication of material surfaces are highlighted as a potential method for the prevention of Candida spp. attachment and biofilm formation on medical implant materials. Understanding the mechanisms by which Candida spp. attach to surfaces will allow such surfaces to be designed such that the incidence and severity of Candida infections in patients can be significantly reduced. Most importantly, this approach could also substantially reduce the need to use antifungals for the prevention and treatment of these infections, thereby playing a crucial role in minimizing the possibility contributing to instances of antimicrobial resistance. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this review we provide a systematic analysis of the role that surface characteristics, such as wettability, roughness, topography and architecture, play on the extent of C. albicans cells attachment that will occur on biomaterial surfaces. We show that exploiting bioinspired surfaces could significantly contribute to the prevention of antimicrobial resistance to antifungal and chemical-based preventive measures. By reducing the attachment and growth of C. albicans cells using surface structure approaches, we can decrease the need for antifungals, which are conventionally used to treat such infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuc H Le
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; ARC Research Hub for Australian Steel Manufacturing, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Denver P Linklater
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; ARC Research Hub for Australian Steel Manufacturing, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Graeme Clark Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Arturo Aburto Medina
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Shane MacLaughlin
- ARC Research Hub for Australian Steel Manufacturing, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia; BlueScope Steel Research, Port Kembla, NSW 2505, Australia
| | - Russell J Crawford
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; ARC Research Hub for Australian Steel Manufacturing, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
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De Angelis F, D’Ercole S, Di Giulio M, Vadini M, Biferi V, Buonvivere M, Vanini L, Cellini L, Di Lodovico S, D’Arcangelo C. In Vitro Evaluation of Candida albicans Adhesion on Heat-Cured Resin-Based Dental Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5818. [PMID: 37687511 PMCID: PMC10488390 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbial adhesion on dental restorative materials may jeopardize the restorative treatment long-term outcome. The goal of this in vitro study was to assess Candida albicans capability to adhere and form a biofilm on the surface of heat-cured dental composites having different formulations but subjected to identical surface treatments and polymerization protocols. Three commercially available composites were evaluated: GrandioSO (GR), Venus Diamond (VD) and Enamel Plus HRi Biofunction (BF). Cylindrical specimens were prepared for quantitative determination of C. albicans S5 planktonic CFU count, sessile cells CFU count and biomass optical density (OD570 nm). Qualitative Concanavalin-A assays (for extracellular polymeric substances of a biofilm matrix) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analyses (for the morphology of sessile colonies) were also performed. Focusing on planktonic CFU count, a slight but not significant reduction was observed with VD as compared to GR. Regarding sessile cells CFU count and biomass OD570 nm, a significant increase was observed for VD compared to GR and BF. Concanavalin-A assays and SEM analyses confirmed the quantitative results. Different formulations of commercially available resin composites may differently interact with C. albicans. The present results showed a relatively more pronounced antiadhesive effect for BF and GR, with a reduction in sessile cells CFU count and biomass quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Angelis
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti–Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.A.); (M.V.); (V.B.); (M.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Simonetta D’Ercole
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti–Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.A.); (M.V.); (V.B.); (M.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Mara Di Giulio
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti–Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.D.G.); (L.C.); (S.D.L.)
| | - Mirco Vadini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti–Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.A.); (M.V.); (V.B.); (M.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Virginia Biferi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti–Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.A.); (M.V.); (V.B.); (M.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Matteo Buonvivere
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti–Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.A.); (M.V.); (V.B.); (M.B.); (C.D.)
| | | | - Luigina Cellini
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti–Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.D.G.); (L.C.); (S.D.L.)
| | - Silvia Di Lodovico
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti–Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.D.G.); (L.C.); (S.D.L.)
| | - Camillo D’Arcangelo
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti–Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.A.); (M.V.); (V.B.); (M.B.); (C.D.)
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Vulović S, Popovac A, Radunović M, Petrović S, Todorović M, Milić-Lemić A. Microbial adhesion and viability on novel CAD/CAM framework materials for implant-supported hybrid prostheses. Eur J Oral Sci 2023; 131:e12911. [PMID: 36585796 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the adhesion and viability of Streptococcus oralis and Candida albicans under in vitro conditions on CAD/CAM framework materials for implant-supported hybrid prostheses. Twenty-nine specimens were prepared from each of three different materials: ZR (zirconia), PEEK (polyether ether ketone) and CoCr4 (CoCr4 alloy). The experimental part included surface roughness (SR) and contact angle of water (CAW) measurements, followed by colony forming unit (CFU), cell viability assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses of Strep. oralis and C. albicans biofilms on the materials' surfaces. Kruskal-Wallis and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used for differences between materials, and the correlation between measurements was estimated using Spearman's correlation coefficient. PEEK specimens revealed higher SR, CAW and CFU mean values, than ZR and CoCr4 specimens. Strong positive correlation was found between SR and CFU and between CAW and CFU for both microbial species. Cell viability assay revealed similar values for both species across materials. Higher numbers of Strep. oralis and C. albicans on PEEK specimens confirm the impact of the higher surface roughness and contact angle values on the microbial adhesion and describes PEEK as less desirable than ZR and CoCr4 from microbiological aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Vulović
- School of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Popovac
- School of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Radunović
- School of Dental Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Petrović
- School of Dental Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Todorović
- School of Dental Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Milić-Lemić
- School of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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AlMojel N, AbdulAzees PA, Lamb EM, Amaechi BT. Determining growth inhibition of Candida albicans biofilm on denture materials after application of an organoselenium-containing dental sealant. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 129:205-212. [PMID: 34078547 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Denture stomatitis is a chronic inflammatory condition caused by the formation of Candida albicans biofilm on denture bases. It is associated with aggravating intraoral pain, itching, and burning sensations. It can also potentiate cardiovascular diseases and aspiration pneumonia. The problem has thus far eluded efficient, toxic-free, and cost-effective solutions. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effectiveness of organoselenium to inhibit the formation of C. albicans biofilm on the surface of acrylic resin denture base materials when it is either incorporated into the acrylic resin material or coated on the denture surface as a light-polymerized surface sealant. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty heat-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate disks were fabricated and assigned to 4 groups (n=15): disks coated with a light-polymerized organoselenium-containing enamel surface sealant (DenteShield), disks impregnated with 0.5% organoselenium (0.5% selenium), disks impregnated with 1% organoselenium (1% selenium), and disks without organoselenium (control). C. albicans biofilm was grown on each disk which had been placed in a well of the microtiter plate containing 1-mL brain heart infusion broth inoculated with C. albicans. The plates were incubated aerobically at 37 °C for 48 hours. A confocal laser scanning microscope was used to determine the biofilm thickness, biomass, and live/dead cell ratio. Biofilm morphology was examined with scanning electron microscopy, whereas microbial viability was quantified by the spread plate method. The data were analyzed by using ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons (α=.05). RESULTS The microbial viability, biofilm thickness, biofilm biomass, and live/dead cell ratio were lower (P<.001) on disks in the test groups (DenteShield, 0.5% selenium, 1% selenium) when compared with the control group, with these variables being lowest in the 0.5% selenium and 1% selenium groups. The 0.5% selenium and 1% selenium groups did not differ significantly from each other in any of the variables (P>.05). Scanning electron microscope images showed inhibition of both biofilm growth and yeast to hyphae transition in the DenteShield, 0.5% selenium, and 1% selenium groups, with visible disruption of the biofilm morphology. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that organoselenium, whether incorporated into or coated on the surface of an acrylic resin denture base material, has the potential to inhibit Candida albicans biofilm growth on denture surfaces and as such can be clinically useful for the prevention of denture stomatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda AlMojel
- Former Resident, Postgraduate Prosthodontics, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, UT Health School of Dentistry, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Parveez Ahmed AbdulAzees
- Post-doctoral fellow, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, UT Health School of Dentistry, San Antonio, Texas
| | - E Mathew Lamb
- Assistance Professor and program director prosthodontic residency, Department of Comprehensive dentistry, UT Health School of Dentistry, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Bennett T Amaechi
- Professor and Director of Cariology, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, UT Health School of Dentistry, San Antonio, Texas.
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Kostić M, Igić M, Gligorijević N, Nikolić V, Stošić N, Nikolić L. The Use of Acrylate Polymers in Dentistry. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4511. [PMID: 36365504 PMCID: PMC9653800 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The manuscript aimed to review the types of acrylate polymers used in dentistry, as well as their chemical, physical, mechanical, and biological properties. Regarding their consistency and purpose, dental acrylate polymers are divided into hard (brittle), which includes acrylates for the production of plate denture bases, obturator prostheses, epitheses and maxillofacial prostheses, their repairs and lining, and soft (flexible), which are used for lining denture bases in special indications. Concerning the composition and method of polymerization initiation, polymers for the production of denture bases are divided into four types: heat-, cold-, light-, and microwave-polymerized. CAD/CAM acrylate dentures are made from factory blocks of dental acrylates and show optimal mechanical and physical properties, undoubtedly better monomer polymerization and thus biocompatibility, and stability of the shape and colour of the base and dentures. Regardless of the number of advantages that these polymers have to offer, they also exhibit certain disadvantages. Technological development enables the enhancement of all acrylate properties to respond better to the demands of the profession. Special attention should be paid to improving the biological characteristics of acrylate polymers, due to reported adverse reactions of patients and dental staff to potentially toxic substances released during their preparation and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Kostić
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Marko Igić
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Nikola Gligorijević
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Vesna Nikolić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Niš, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia
| | - Nenad Stošić
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Ljubiša Nikolić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Niš, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia
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Surface Modification to Modulate Microbial Biofilms-Applications in Dental Medicine. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226994. [PMID: 34832390 PMCID: PMC8625127 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in materials science and nanotechnology has led to the development of advanced materials with multifunctional properties. Dental medicine has benefited from the design of such materials and coatings in providing patients with tailored implants and improved materials for restorative and functional use. Such materials and coatings allow for better acceptance by the host body, promote successful implantation and determine a reduced inflammatory response after contact with the materials. Since numerous dental pathologies are influenced by the presence and activity of some pathogenic microorganisms, novel materials are needed to overcome this challenge as well. This paper aimed to reveal and discuss the most recent and innovative progress made in the field of materials surface modification in terms of microbial attachment inhibition and biofilm formation, with a direct impact on dental medicine.
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Dentino AR, Lee D, Dentino K, Guentsch A, Tahriri M. Inhibition of Candida albicans and Mixed Salivary Bacterial Biofilms on Antimicrobial Loaded Phosphated Poly(methyl methacrylate). Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040427. [PMID: 33924304 PMCID: PMC8070037 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms play a crucial role in the development of Candida-associated denture stomatitis. Inhibition of microbial adhesion to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and phosphate containing PMMA has been examined in this work. C. albicans and mixed salivary microbial biofilms were compared on naked and salivary pre-conditioned PMMA surfaces in the presence or absence of antimicrobials (Cetylpyridinium chloride [CPC], KSL-W, Histatin 5 [His 5]). Polymers with varying amounts of phosphate (0–25%) were tested using four C. albicans oral isolates as well as mixed salivary bacteria and 24 h biofilms were assessed for metabolic activity and confirmed using Live/Dead staining and confocal microscopy. Biofilm metabolism was reduced as phosphate density increased (15%: p = 0.004; 25%: p = 0.001). Loading of CPC on 15% phosphated disks showed a substantial decrease (p = 0.001) in biofilm metabolism in the presence or absence of a salivary pellicle. Salivary pellicle on uncharged PMMA enhanced the antimicrobial activity of CPC only. CPC also demonstrated remarkable antimicrobial activity on mixed salivary bacterial biofilms under different conditions displaying the potent efficacy of CPC (350 µg/mL) when combined with an artificial protein pellicle (Biotene half strength).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Dentino
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA; (D.L.); (K.D.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - DongHwa Lee
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA; (D.L.); (K.D.); (A.G.)
| | - Kelley Dentino
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA; (D.L.); (K.D.); (A.G.)
| | - Arndt Guentsch
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA; (D.L.); (K.D.); (A.G.)
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Ponde NO, Lortal L, Ramage G, Naglik JR, Richardson JP. Candida albicans biofilms and polymicrobial interactions. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:91-111. [PMID: 33482069 PMCID: PMC7903066 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1843400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is a common fungus of the human microbiota. While generally a harmless commensal in healthy individuals, several factors can lead to its overgrowth and cause a range of complications within the host, from localized superficial infections to systemic life-threatening disseminated candidiasis. A major virulence factor of C. albicans is its ability to form biofilms, a closely packed community of cells that can grow on both abiotic and biotic substrates, including implanted medical devices and mucosal surfaces. These biofilms are extremely hard to eradicate, are resistant to conventional antifungal treatment and are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, making biofilm-associated infections a major clinical challenge. Here, we review the current knowledge of the processes involved in C. albicans biofilm formation and development, including the central processes of adhesion, extracellular matrix production and the transcriptional network that regulates biofilm development. We also consider the advantages of the biofilm lifestyle and explore polymicrobial interactions within multispecies biofilms that are formed by C. albicans and selected microbial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole O. Ponde
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Léa Lortal
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Ramage
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, Glasgow Dental School and Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Julian R. Naglik
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P. Richardson
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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Elwakiel N, El-Sayed Y, Elkafrawy H. Synthesis, characterization of Ag+ and Sn2+ complexes and their applications to improve the biological and mechanical properties of denture base materials. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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An S, Evans JL, Hamlet S, Love RM. Incorporation of antimicrobial agents in denture base resin: A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 126:188-195. [PMID: 32800329 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Denture base resins (DBRs), such as polymethyl methacrylate, are commonly used in the fabrication of removable dentures because of their physical, mechanical, and esthetic properties. However, the denture base acts as a substrate for microorganism adherence and biofilm formation, which may lead to denture stomatitis and be further complicated by fungal infections, of especial importance with geriatric and immunosuppressed patients. Therefore, methods to enhance the antimicrobial property of DBRs will be beneficial. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the literature on the antimicrobial activity of DBRs incorporating antimicrobial agents or materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS A search of English peer-reviewed literature up to February 2019 reporting on antimicrobial activity of DBRs with respect to antimicrobial agents or materials, antimicrobial test effects and methods, and conclusion or knowledge gaps was conducted by using Embase, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Search terms included denture base resin and antibacterial, denture base resin and antifungal, and denture base resin and antimicrobial. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were applied for subsequent data analysis. RESULTS Of 2536 identified articles, 28 met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Antimicrobial materials were divided into 3 groups: antimicrobial monomer or copolymer, phytochemical or phytomedical components, and other compounds. Strategies on how to incorporate these substances into DBRs and their impact on the reduction and prevention of the growth of microorganisms were identified. CONCLUSIONS Although many efforts have been made to improve the antimicrobial ability of DBRs, this systematic review found that the effectiveness of incorporating of antimicrobial agents into DBRs has not been demonstrated conclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve An
- Lecturer, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Jane L Evans
- Associate Professor, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen Hamlet
- Senior Research Fellow, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert M Love
- Professor, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Vallieres C, Hook AL, He Y, Crucitti VC, Figueredo G, Davies CR, Burroughs L, Winkler DA, Wildman RD, Irvine DJ, Alexander MR, Avery SV. Discovery of (meth)acrylate polymers that resist colonization by fungi associated with pathogenesis and biodeterioration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba6574. [PMID: 32548270 PMCID: PMC7274803 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba6574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fungi have major, negative socioeconomic impacts, but control with bioactive agents is increasingly restricted, while resistance is growing. Here, we describe an alternative fungal control strategy via materials operating passively (i.e., no killing effect). We screened hundreds of (meth)acrylate polymers in high throughput, identifying several that reduce attachment of the human pathogen Candida albicans, the crop pathogen Botrytis cinerea, and other fungi. Specific polymer functional groups were associated with weak attachment. Low fungal colonization materials were not toxic, supporting their passive, anti-attachment utility. We developed a candidate monomer formulation for inkjet-based 3D printing. Printed voice prosthesis components showed up to 100% reduction in C. albicans biofilm versus commercial materials. Furthermore, spray-coated leaf surfaces resisted fungal infection, with no plant toxicity. This is the first high-throughput study of polymer chemistries resisting fungal attachment. These materials are ready for incorporation in products to counteract fungal deterioration of goods, food security, and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Vallieres
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew L. Hook
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Yinfeng He
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - David A. Winkler
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Australia
| | - Ricky D. Wildman
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Derek J. Irvine
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Simon V. Avery
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Reduction of Candida albicans biofilm formation by coating polymethyl methacrylate denture bases with a photopolymerized film. J Prosthet Dent 2019; 124:605-613. [PMID: 31831165 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM As Candida albicans biofilm formation is associated with severe local and systemic infections in denture-wearing patients, its prevention or reduction becomes an essential factor in the health of this population. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate whether 2 photopolymerized coatings of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(itaconic acid) (PIA) can effectively reduce the adhesion of C albicans on denture base acrylic resin surfaces. MATERIAL AND METHODS The surface of the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base was modified through photopolymerization of a thin film of PAA or PIA. The polymeric coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle goniometry (CA), and surface roughness measurement (Ra). For biological evaluation, the coated PMMA surfaces were tested in a C albicans biofilm dynamic formation model, observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and quantified by the number of colony-forming units (CFUs). The cytotoxicity of the polymeric coatings was also evaluated by using a lactic dehydrogenase-based (LDH) test. For statistical analysis, ANOVA and the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test were used (α=.05). RESULTS The PMMA resin base surfaces coated with PAA and PIA had an inhibitory effect on C albicans growth, the wettability of the coated surface, and the average roughness. The PAA and PIA coatings had no statistically significant cytotoxic effect on periodontal ligament fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS PMMA acrylic resin base material was superficially modified through the incorporation of carboxylic acid groups by using PAA and PIA coatings that reduced the adherence of C albicans biofilm by 90%.
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AlBin‐Ameer MA, Alsrheed MY, Aldukhi IA, Matin A, Khan SQ, Abualsaud R, Gad MM. Effect of Protective Coating on Surface Properties and
Candida albicans
Adhesion to Denture Base Materials. J Prosthodont 2019; 29:80-86. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahdi Y Alsrheed
- Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University P.O. Box 1982 Dammam 31411 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Aldukhi
- Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University P.O. Box 1982 Dammam 31411 Saudi Arabia
| | - Asif Matin
- Centre for Research Excellence in Desalination & Water Treatment King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Soban Q Khan
- Department of Clinical Affairs, College of DentistryImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University P.O. Box 1982 Dammam 31411 Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Abualsaud
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of DentistryImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University P.O. Box 1982 Dammam 31411 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of DentistryImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University P.O. Box 1982 Dammam 31411 Saudi Arabia
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Mangal U, Kim JY, Seo JY, Kwon JS, Choi SH. Novel Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Containing Nanodiamond to Improve the Mechanical Properties and Fungal Resistance. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12203438. [PMID: 31640147 PMCID: PMC6829541 DOI: 10.3390/ma12203438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Herein we evaluate the effect of nanodiamond (ND) incorporation on the mechanical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposite. Three quantities of ND (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt.%) were tested against the control and zirconium oxide nanoparticles (ZrO). Flexural strength and elastic modulus were measured using a three-point bending test, surface hardness was evaluated using the Vickers hardness test, and surface roughness was evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), while fungal adhesion and viability were studied using Candida albicans. Samples were also analyzed for biofilm thickness and biomass in a saliva-derived biofilm model. All groups of ND-PMMA nanocomposites had significantly greater mean flexural strengths and statistically improved elastic modulus, compared to the control and ZrO groups (P < 0.001). The Vickers hardness values significantly increased compared to the control group (P < 0.001) with 0.3% and 0.5% ND. ND addition also gave significant reduction in fungal adhesion and viability (P < 0.001) compared to the control group. Finally, salivary biofilm formation was markedly reduced compared to the ZrO group. Hence, the incorporation of 0.1–0.5 wt.% ND with auto- polymerized PMMA resin significantly improved the flexural strength, elastic modulus, and surface hardness, and provided considerable fungal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Mangal
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Ji-Yeong Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Ji-Young Seo
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Sung-Hwan Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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Hamid SK, Al-Dubayan AH, Al-Awami H, Khan SQ, Gad MM. In vitro assessment of the antifungal effects of neem powder added to polymethyl methacrylate denture base material. J Clin Exp Dent 2019; 11:e170-e178. [PMID: 30805122 PMCID: PMC6383901 DOI: 10.4317/jced.55458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Denture with antimicrobial activities is desirable to prevent Candida albican adhesion subsequently decreasing the susceptibility of denture stomatitis incidence. Azadirachta Indica, commonly known as Neem powder has antimicrobial effect but the effect of its addition to acrylic denture base on C. albicans adhesion has not been investigated. The aim of this study was determine whether adding neem powder to acrylic denture base materials could reduce Candida albicansadhesion. Material and Methods One hundred and twenty acrylic resin denture specimens were fabricated and divided into heat-polymerized (n=60) and auto-polymerized (n=60) groups. Each group was further divided into 6 groups (n=10) based on the neem concentration: 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 wt% of the polymer. After polymerization, the specimens were polished, stored in distilled water, sonicated, sterilized, submerged in artificial saliva containing C. albicans, and finally, placed in an incubator at 37°C. Slide counting and direct culture methods were used to assess the antifungal effects of the neem addition. An analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s test were performed for the data analysis (p≤0.05 was statistically significant). Results Based on the results, the neem addition significantly decreased the C. albicans count when compared to the control group (p≤0.05). Moreover, the count decreased as the neem concentration increased (lowest count with 2.5 wt%). Conclusions The results suggest that adding neem powder to acrylic resin denture base materials reduces the adhesion of C. albicans; therefore, the incorporation of neem could be a possible denture stomatitis prevention method. Key words:Denture stomatitis, Candida albicans, Azadirachta indica, neem powder, denture base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorouq-Khalid Hamid
- Undergraduate student, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - AlAnoud-Hamad Al-Dubayan
- Undergraduate student, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Al-Awami
- Undergraduate student, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soban-Qadir Khan
- MSC, Lecturer of Biostatistics, Department of Clinical Affairs, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed-Moustafa Gad
- BDS, MSc, Lecturer, Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
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Linolenic acid-modified methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)-oligochitosan conjugate micelles for encapsulation of amphotericin B. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 205:571-580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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17
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Türkcan İ, Nalbant AD, Bat E, Akca G. Examination of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer coated acrylic resin denture base material: surface characteristics and Candida albicans adhesion. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:107. [PMID: 29971499 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer coating with various concentrations onto acrylic resin denture base material on surface characteristics such as contact angle and surface roughness and on Candida albicans adhesion which is the major factor of denture stomatitis. Specimens, prepared from heat-polymerized acrylic denture base material, were divided into control and three test groups, randomly. Surfaces of the specimens in test groups were coated with poly(MPC) (PMPC) by graft polymerization of MPC in different concentrations (0.25 mol/L; 0.50 mol/L and 0.75 mol/L), while no surface treatment was applied to the control group. Contact angles and surface roughness were examined, and chemical composition of the surfaces was analyzed by Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to verify the presence of PMPC coatings. Then, specimens were incubated with C. albicans for 18 h and the number of adhered cells was determined. Upon PMPC coating, the contact angle values statistically decreased, but no difference was found in surface roughness values. A statistically significant decrease was observed in C. albicans adhesion in parallel with the increase in the MPC polymer concentration. There was no significant difference between 0.50 mol/L and 0.75 mol/L groups in terms of adhesion. These findings indicated that graft polymerization of MPC on acrylic denture base material reduces the adhesion of C. albicans, and may be evaluated as a coating for prevention of denture stomatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- İrem Türkcan
- Özel Çankaya Hikmet Bozyel Oral and Dental Health Policlinic, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - A Dilek Nalbant
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erhan Bat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülçin Akca
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Microbiology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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18
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Murat S, Alp G, Alatalı C, Uzun M. In Vitro Evaluation of Adhesion of Candida albicans on CAD/CAM PMMA-Based Polymers. J Prosthodont 2018; 28:e873-e879. [PMID: 29962017 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the amount of adherent Candida albicans to different CAD/CAM poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based polymers and conventional heat-polymerized PMMA after long-term thermal cycling. MATERIALS AND METHODS The specimens were subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles (5-55°C) and divided into two groups, uncoated and pellicle-coated. Surface roughness and contact angles of the specimens were measured. The surface morphology was observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An adhesion test was performed by incubating the disk specimens in C. albicans suspensions at 37°C for 2 hours, and the adherent cells were counted under an optical microscope. The data were analyzed statistically using a variance analysis and Tukey HSD post hoc comparison test. The correlation between measurements was tested using a Pearson correlation analysis (α = 0.05). RESULTS CAD/CAM polymers generally showed statistically significant lowest Ra and contact angle values, whereas conventional PMMA showed the highest Ra and contact angle values in the uncoated group (p < 0.05). Pellicle coating essentially increased contact angle of all materials and reduced the differences in a number of Candida cells on the materials (p < 0.05). Candida adhesion was statistically significantly greatest on conventional PMMA when compared to CAD/CAM polymers. A strong positive correlation was found between the surface roughness of the specimens (p < 0.05) and the amount of adhered cells, whereas no correlation was found between hydrophobicity of the specimens and the amount of adhered cells (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS CAD/CAM PMMA-based polymers may be preferable to reduce Candida-associated denture stomatitis in long-term use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Murat
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ankara University Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülce Alp
- Department of Prosthodontics, Okan University Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Canan Alatalı
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meltem Uzun
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Karkosh ZSA, Hussein BMA, AL-Wattar WMA. Effect of Phosphoric Containing and Varnish-Coated Groups on Candida Albicans Adhesion and Porosity of Heat Cure Acrylic Denture Base Material. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.13005/bpj/1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of modified heat cured polymethyl methacrylate denture base (PMMA) or varnish coating of the denture base on candida albicans adhesion and porosity. First experimental group was prepared by addition of 15% phosphoric acid 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate ester with polymethyl methacrylate monomer. While second experimental group prepared by varnish layer coating after material processing, these groups were compared with the control one. Three groups of vertex acrylic resin used as control, mPMMA and varnish coated group (PPH Cerkamed Wojciech Pawlowski, Poland). The inverted light microscope was used to measure the candida albicans adherence after one week and one month of processing. Two-way ANOVA, LSD test, T- test and Dunnett T3 were performed on data. Modified Acrylic resin showed highly significant reduction in candida albicans adhesion and porosity, also for varnish coating group showed highly significant reduction in candida albicans adhesion and porosity test.
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Song Z, Sun J, Deng P, Zhou F, Xu H, Wen Y, Teng F, Ge D, Feng R. Oligochitosan-pluronic 127 conjugate for delivery of honokiol. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:740-750. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1434785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Song
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jingjie Sun
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Peizong Deng
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, PR China
| | - Feilong Zhou
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, PR China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yi Wen
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, PR China
| | - Fangfang Teng
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, PR China
| | - Di Ge
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, PR China
| | - Runliang Feng
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, PR China
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Stanković-Pešić J, Kostić M, Igić M, Đorđević V. Biofilm formation on dental materials. ACTA STOMATOLOGICA NAISSI 2018. [DOI: 10.5937/asn1877821p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Gauch LMR, Pedrosa SS, Silveira-Gomes F, Esteves RA, Marques-da-Silva SH. Isolation of Candida spp. from denture-related stomatitis in Pará, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2017; 49:148-151. [PMID: 29054393 PMCID: PMC5790581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate and identify Candida species from the oral cavity of denture wearers with denture-related stomatitis who were attended at the University Federal of Pará (Belém City, Pará State, Brazil). A total of 36 denture wearers with denture-related stomatitis were included, and type I (50%), type II (33%) and type III (17%) stomatitis were observed. Candida spp. were isolated from 89% of the cases and included five different Candida species. C. albicans was the most frequently recovered species (78% of the cases), followed by C. famata and C. tropicalis. We observed a significant association between Candida species isolation and unsatisfactory denture condition (p = 0.0017). Our results demonstrated the highly frequency of Candida species isolation in denture wearers with denture-related stomatitis and showed the relationship between these species and poor denture maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lurdete Maria Rocha Gauch
- Federal University of Pará, Science Health Institute Belém, Odontology College, Belém, PA, Brazil; Federal University of Pará, Science Biologic Institute, Postgraduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Simone Soares Pedrosa
- Federal University of Pará, Science Health Institute Belém, Odontology College, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Silveira-Gomes
- Federal University of Pará, Science Biologic Institute, Postgraduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Renata Antunes Esteves
- Federal University of Pará, Science Health Institute Belém, Odontology College, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Gad MM, Al-Thobity AM, Shahin SY, Alsaqer BT, Ali AA. Inhibitory effect of zirconium oxide nanoparticles on Candida albicans adhesion to repaired polymethyl methacrylate denture bases and interim removable prostheses: a new approach for denture stomatitis prevention. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:5409-5419. [PMID: 28814859 PMCID: PMC5546774 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s142857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite drawbacks, cold-cured acrylic resin is still the most common material used in denture repair. Zirconia nanoparticles were among the reinforcements added to increase the strength of the resin. The effect on Candida due to the addition of zirconia nanoparticles to the resin has not been investigated. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of zirconia nanoparticles added to cold-cured acrylic resin on Candida albicans adhesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 120 acrylic resin specimens with dimensions measuring 22×10×2.5 mm3 were prepared and divided into two equal groups. One group (repair) comprised heat-polymerized specimens that were sectioned at the center and prepared to create a 2 mm repair area that was repaired with cold-cured resin reinforced with 0% wt, 2.5% wt, 5% wt, and 7.5% wt zirconia nanoparticles. The second group contained intact cold-cured acrylic resin specimens reinforced with 0% wt, 2.5% wt, 5% wt, and 7.5% wt zirconia nanoparticles. Specimens were incubated at 37°C in artificial saliva containing C. albicans, and the effect of zirconia nanoparticles on C. albicans was assessed using two methods: 1) a slide count method and 2) a direct culture test. Variations in the number of living Candida were observed in relation to the different concentrations of zirconia nanoparticles. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey's tests were performed for data analysis. If the P-value was ≤0.05, then the difference was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS It was found that C. albicans adhesion to repaired specimens was significantly decreased by the addition of zirconia nanoparticles (P<0.00001) in comparison with the control group. Intact cold-cured groups and groups repaired with cold-cured resin reinforced with 7.5% wt zirconia nanoparticles showed the lowest Candida count. Tukey's test showed a significant difference between the repaired group and the intact cold-cured group, while the later demonstrated a lower Candida count. CONCLUSION The addition of zirconia nanoparticles to cold-cured acrylic resin is an effective method for reducing Candida adhesion to repaired polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture bases and cold-cured removable prosthesis. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Based on the results of the current study, zirconia nanoparticles have an antifungal effect, which could be incorporated in the repair material for repairing denture bases and in PMMA removable prostheses as a possible approach for denture stomatitis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aiman A Ali
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Oral Pathology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Aguayo S, Marshall H, Pratten J, Bradshaw D, Brown JS, Porter SR, Spratt D, Bozec L. Early Adhesion of Candida albicans onto Dental Acrylic Surfaces. J Dent Res 2017; 96:917-923. [PMID: 28460191 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517706354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Denture-associated stomatitis is a common candidal infection that may give rise to painful oral symptoms, as well as be a reservoir for infection at other sites of the body. As poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) remains the main material employed in the fabrication of dentures, the aim of this research was to evaluate the adhesion of Candida albicans cells onto PMMA surfaces by employing an atomic force microscopy (AFM) single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) technique. For experiments, tipless AFM cantilevers were functionalized with PMMA microspheres and probed against C. albicans cells immobilized onto biopolymer-coated substrates. Both a laboratory strain and a clinical isolate of C. albicans were used for SCFS experiments. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and AFM imaging of C. albicans confirmed the polymorphic behavior of both strains, which was dependent on growth culture conditions. AFM force-spectroscopy results showed that the adhesion of C. albicans to PMMA is morphology dependent, as hyphal tubes had increased adhesion compared with yeast cells ( P < 0.05). C. albicans budding mother cells were found to be nonadherent, which contrasts with the increased adhesion observed in the tube region. Comparison between strains demonstrated increased adhesion forces for a clinical isolate compared with the lab strain. The clinical isolate also had increased survival in blood and reduced sensitivity to complement opsonization, providing additional evidence of strain-dependent differences in Candida-host interactions that may affect virulence. In conclusion, PMMA-modified AFM probes have shown to be a reliable technique to characterize the adhesion of C. albicans to acrylic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aguayo
- 1 Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - H Marshall
- 2 Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - J S Brown
- 2 Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - S R Porter
- 4 Oral Medicine, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Spratt
- 5 Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - L Bozec
- 1 Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
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Effects of trimethylsilane plasma coating on the hydrophobicity of denture base resin and adhesion of Candida albicans on resin surfaces. J Prosthet Dent 2017; 118:765-770. [PMID: 28434686 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Candida-associated denture stomatitis is the most common oral mucosal lesion among denture wearers. Trimethylsilane (TMS) plasma coating may inhibit the growth of Candida albicans on denture surfaces. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate whether TMS plasma coatings can effectively reduce C albicans adhesion on denture base acrylic resin surfaces. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty denture base acrylic resin disks with smooth and rough surfaces were prepared and were either left untreated (control group) or coated with TMS monomer (experimental group) by using plasma. Contact angles were measured immediately after TMS plasma coating. The morphology of C albicans adhesion was observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to characterize the elemental composition of the specimen surface. An adhesion test was performed by incubating the resin disk specimens in C albicans suspensions (1×107 cells/mL) at 37°C for 24 hours and further measuring the optical density of the C albicans by using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay test. One-way ANOVA and 2-way ANOVA were followed by a post hoc test analysis (α=.05). RESULTS The group with TMS coating exhibited a more hydrophobic surface than the control group. EDS analysis revealed successful TMS plasma coating. The difference in the mean contact angles between the uncoated group and the TMS-coated group was statistically significant (P<.05), 79.0 ±2.9 degrees versus 105.7 ±1.5 degrees for the smooth surface and 90.2 ±7.6 degrees versus 131.5 ±2.1 degrees for the rough surface. In SEM analysis, the C albicans biofilm was found to grow more on the surface of the denture base resin without the TMS coating than on the surfaces of the experimental group. In the adhesion test, the amount of C albicans adhering to the surface of denture base resin with the TMS coating was significantly less than that on the surfaces without TMS coating (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS TMS coating significantly reduced the adhesion of C albicans to the denture base resin and may reduce denture stomatitis.
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Gupta L, Aparna IN, Bhat S, Ginjupalli K. Effect of comonomer of methacrylic acid on flexural strength and adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus to heat polymerized poly (methyl methacrylate) resin: An in vitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2017; 17:149-155. [PMID: 28584416 PMCID: PMC5450892 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_257_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare flexural strength and Staphylococcus aureus adhesion of heat-activated poly (methyl methacrylate [MMA]) resin modified with a comonomer of methacrylic acid (MAA) and MMA monomer. Materials and Methods: Comonomer preparation was done with the addition of varying concentration of MAA (0, 15, 20, and 25 wt %) to the MMA of conventional heat-activated denture base resin to prepare the specimens. Prepared specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 1 day and 1 week before the evaluation of flexural strength and microbial adhesion. Flexural strength was measured using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed for 2 mm/min (n = 10). Microbial adhesion (colony-forming unit [CFU]) was evaluated against S. aureus using a quadrant streaking method (n = 5). Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA, and the significant differences among the results were subjected to Tukey's HSD test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Addition of MAA to the MMA monomer was found to significantly reduce the adhesion of S. aureus for all the groups. Reduction of CFU of S. aureus was found be more significant for Group 3 as compared to control, both at 1-day (P < 0.001) and 1-week (P < 0.002) storage in distilled water. However, no statistically significant changes in the flexural strength were observed with the addition of MAA at 1-day (P = 0.52) and 1-week (P = 0.88) time interval. Conclusion: Addition of MAA to conventional denture base resin reduced the microbial adhesion without significantly affecting the flexural strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokendra Gupta
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - I N Aparna
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sujatha Bhat
- Department of Microbiology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kishore Ginjupalli
- Department of Dental Materials, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Toda C, Mendoza Marin DO, Rodriguez LS, Paleari AG, Pero AC, Compagnoni MA. Antimicrobial activity of a tissue conditioner combined with a biocide polymer. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015; 16:101-6. [PMID: 25906799 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The characteristics of tissue conditioners support microorganism development that can threaten the health of the dentures user. PURPOSE The object of this study was to evaluate the effect on antimicrobial activity, roughness and wettability surface of a tissue conditioners material combined with the antimicrobial polymer poly (2-tert-butilaminoethyl) methacrylate (PTBAEMA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens of tissue conditioner (Coe Soft(®)) were divided into three groups, according to the concentration of PTBAEMA incorporated (0, 10 and 25%). Antimicrobial activity was assessed by adherence assay of one of the microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Roughness measurements were made using a Mitutoyo SJ-400, and the mean arithmetic roughness values (Ra) obtained were used for the comparisons. The wettability properties were determined by contact angle measurements. RESULTS The group containing 25% of PTBAEMA inhibited totally the S. aureus and S. mutans biofilm formation. A significant reduc tion in the S. aureus (Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0,001) and S. mutans (Kruscal-Wallis, p = 0,001) count for 10% PTBAEMA group compared with respective control group. No significant difference was found for C. albicans among PTBAEMA groups and control group (ANOVA, p > 0,05). Incorporating 10 and 25% PTBAEMA increased surface roughness and decreased contact angles (ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests, α = 5%). CONCLUSION Incorporating 10% PTBAEMA into tissue conditioner increases wettability and roughness of tissue conditioner surface; and decreases the adhesion of S. mutans and S. aureus on material surface, but did not exhibit antimicrobial effect against C. albicans. SIGNIFICANCE The PTBAEMA incorporated into tissue conditioner could prevent biofilm formation on elderly patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Toda
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danny Omar Mendoza Marin
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Santana Rodriguez
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Gustavo Paleari
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Pero
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Compagnoni
- Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil, Phone: +5516-33016411, e-mail:
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Sivakumar I, Arunachalam KS, Sajjan S, Ramaraju AV, Rao B, Kamaraj B. Incorporation of Antimicrobial Macromolecules in Acrylic Denture Base Resins: A Research Composition and Update. J Prosthodont 2013; 23:284-90. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Indumathi Sivakumar
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology; Vishnu Dental College; Bhimavaram India
| | | | - Suresh Sajjan
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology; Vishnu Dental College; Bhimavaram India
| | | | - Bheemalingeshwara Rao
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology; Vishnu Dental College; Bhimavaram India
| | - Bindu Kamaraj
- Department of Prosthodontics; Penang International Dental College; Penang Malaysia
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Denture polymers with antimicrobial properties: a review of the development and current status of anionic poly(methyl methacrylate) polymers. Future Med Chem 2013; 5:1635-45. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.13.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The denture base polymer poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is highly susceptible for microbial colonization resulting in denture-associated infections. Over the years research has focused on ways to modify the PMMA properties via surface and chemical modification. These studies led to the development of new denture polymers that include anionic PMMA polymers. The new anionic polymers presented the possibility of compromising the physical and mechanical properties required for denture fabrication. These obstacles were overcome by generating anionic PMMA polymers with physical and mechanical properties suitable for denture fabrication. A large body of literature is available on the anionic PMMA polymers, their antimicrobial properties and their potential for the commercial and clinical application as dental biomaterials. This article describes a review and evaluation of the anionic PMMA polymers for their suitability to serve as denture base polymers, their antimicrobial properties, their efficacy to prevent denture-induced infection and their safety in the oral environment.
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Pero AC, Ignárcio J, Giro G, Mendoza-Marin DO, Paleari AG, Compagnoni MA. Surface properties and color stability of an acrylic resin combined with an antimicrobial polymer. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1807-25772013000400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The occurrence of stomatitis is common since the surface characteristics of the dentures may act as reservoirs for microorganisms and have the potential to support biofilm formation. PURPOSE: To assess the surface properties (wettability/roughness) and color stability of an acrylic resin combined with the antimicrobial polymer poly (2-tert-butylaminoethyl) methacrylate (PTBAEMA). MATERIAL AND METHOD: Thirty disc-shaped specimens of an acrylic resin (Lucitone 550) were divided into three groups: 0% (control); 5% and 10% PTBAEMA. Surface roughness values (Ra) were measured using a profilometer and wettability was determined through contact angle measurements using a goniometer and deionized water as a test liquid. Color data were measured with a spectrophotometer. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's test were used to compare roughness values. Wettability data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test. Color data were compared using the Student's t-test and ∆E values were classified according to the National Bureau of Standards (NBS). All statistical analyses were performed considering α=.05. RESULT: Significant differences (p<.05) were detected among the groups for roughness, wettability and color stability. According to the NBS, the color changes obtained in the 5% and 10% PTBAEMA groups were "appreciable" and "much appreciable", respectively. CONCLUSION: It could be concluded that PTBAEMA incorporation in an acrylic resin increased the roughness and wettability of surfaces and produced color changes with clinical relevance.
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Marra J, Paleari AG, Rodriguez LS, Leite ARP, Pero AC, Compagnoni MA. Effect of an acrylic resin combined with an antimicrobial polymer on biofilm formation. J Appl Oral Sci 2013; 20:643-8. [PMID: 23329246 PMCID: PMC3881852 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572012000600009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of an acrylic
resin combined with an antimicrobial polymer poly (2-tert-butylaminoethyl)
methacrylate (PTBAEMA) to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus
mutans and Candida albicans biofilm formation. Material and Methods Discs of a heat-polymerized acrylic resin were produced and divided according to
PTBAEMA concentration: 0 (control), 10 and 25%. The specimens were inoculated
(107 CFU/mL) and incubated at 37ºC for 48 h. After
incubation, the wells were washed and each specimen was sonicated for 20 min.
Replicate aliquots of resultant suspensions were plated at dilutions at
37ºC for 48 h. The number of colony-forming units (CFU) was counted and
expressed as log (CFU+1)/mL and analyzed statistically with α=.05. Results The results showed that 25% PTBAEMA completely inhibited S.
aureus and S. mutans biofilm formation. A significant
reduction of log (CFU+1)/mL in count of S. aureus (control:
7.9±0.8A; 10%: 3.8±3.3B) and S. mutans (control:
7.5±0.7A; 10%: 5.1±2.7B) was observed for the group containing 10%
PTBAEMA (Mann-Whitney, p<0.05). For C. albicans, differences
were not significant among the groups (control: 6.6±0.2A; 10%:
6.6±0.4A; 25%: 6.4±0.1A), (Kruskal-Wallis, p>0.05, P=0.079). Conclusions Acrylic resin combined with 10 and 25% of PTBAEMA showed significant antimicrobial
activity against S. aureus and S. mutans
biofilm, but it was inactive against the C. albicans
biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliê Marra
- Department of Prosthodontics, Paulista University, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Queiroz JRC, Fissmer SF, Koga-Ito CY, Salvia ACRD, Massi M, Sobrinho ASDS, Júnior LN. Effect of Diamond-Like Carbon Thin Film Coated Acrylic Resin on Candida albicans
Biofilm Formation. J Prosthodont 2013; 22:451-5. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Fernanda Fissmer
- Department of Physics; Technological Institute of Aeronautics; São José dos Campos Brazil
| | - Cristiane Yumi Koga-Ito
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis; Faculdade de Odontologia de São José dos Campos - UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista; São José dos Campos Brazil
| | - Ana C. R. D. Salvia
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis; Faculdade de Odontologia de São José dos Campos - UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista; São José dos Campos Brazil
| | - Marcos Massi
- Department of Physics; Technological Institute of Aeronautics; São José dos Campos Brazil
| | | | - Lafayette Nogueira Júnior
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; Faculdade de Odontologia de São José dos Campos - UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista; São José dos Campos Brazil
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Jain T, Yadav NS, Pandita A, Feroz SMA, Kartika UK, Singh PP. A comparative evaluation of flexural strength of commercially available acrylic and modified polymethylmethacrylate: an in vitro study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013; 14:80-3. [PMID: 23579899 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the flexural strength of commercially available acrylic (trevalone) and modified polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Four groups were tested; Group 1- control group regular MMA, group 2-2% methacrylic acid, 88% MMA, group 3-16% methacrylic acid, 84% MMA group 4- 20% methacrylic acid, 80% MMA 15 resin specimens of each group were polymerized. After processing, the specimens were subjected for flexural strength testing using three point bending test in a Universal Testing Machine. All data was statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA, differences within the groups were analyzed by Scheffe's analysis. RESULTS As the ratio of incorporated methacrylic acid to PMMA increased, the flexural strength decreased. Analysis of data revealed a significant decrease in flexural strength of specimens (p < 0.000) after incorporation of 12%, 16%, 20% methacrylic acid to heat polymerized acrylic resin, when compared with the control group. Lowest flexural strength was observed with specimens containing 20% methacrylic acid and highest flexural strength was observed with specimens containing conventional monomer without methacrylic acid. CONCLUSION It was observed that as the concentration of methacrylic acid in heat polymerized acrylic resin increases, the flexural strength decreases. Lowest flexural strength was observed with specimens containing 20% methacrylic acid and highest flexural strength was observed with specimens containing conventional monomer without methacrylic acid. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The major advantages of addition of methacrylic acid to polymethylmethacrylate could be for the elderly people with restricted manual dexterity or cognitive disturbances, especially for patients who do not follow an adequate denture cleansing protocol and diabetic patients who are more susceptible for denture stomatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerthesh Jain
- Department of Prosthodontics, People's Dental Academy, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Compagnoni MA, Pero AC, Ramos SMM, Marra J, Paleari AG, Rodriguez LS. Antimicrobial activity and surface properties of an acrylic resin containing a biocide polymer. Gerodontology 2012; 31:220-6. [PMID: 23278196 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antimicrobial activity and surface properties of an acrylic resin containing the biocide polymer poly (2-tert-butylaminoethyl) methacrylate (PTBAEMA). BACKGROUND Several approaches have been proposed to prevent oral infections, including the incorporation of antimicrobial agents to acrylic resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens of an acrylic resin (Lucitone 550) were divided into two groups: 0% (control) and 10% PTBAEMA. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by adherence assay of one of the microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Surface topography was characterised by atomic force microscopy and wettability properties determined by contact angle measurements. RESULTS Data of viable cells (log (CFU + 1)/ml) for S. aureus (control: 7.9 ± 0.8; 10%: 3.8 ± 3.3) and S. mutans (control: 7.5 ± 0.7; 10%: 5.1 ± 2.7) showed a significant decrease with 10% of PTBAEMA (Mann-Whitney, p < 0.05). For C. albicans (control: 6.6 ± 0.2; 10%: 6.6 ± 0.4), there was no significant difference between control and 10% of PTBAEMA (Kruskal-Wallis, p > 0.05). Incorporating 10% PTBAEMA increased surface roughness and decreased contact angles. CONCLUSION Incorporating 10% PTBAEMA into acrylic resins increases wettability and roughness of acrylic resin surface; and decreases the adhesion of S. mutans and S. aureus on acrylic surface, but did not exhibit antimicrobial effect against C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Compagnoni
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Al-Dwairi ZN, Al-Quran FA, Al-Omari OY. The effect of antifungal agents on surface properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) and its relation to adherence of Candida albicans. J Prosthodont Res 2012; 56:272-80. [PMID: 22841909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Candida-associated denture stomatitis is the most prevalent form of oral candidosis affecting 65% of denture wearers. Failure of therapy and recurrence of infection are not uncommon and the continuous use of antifungal agents may affect the surface properties of the denture material and may contribute to Candida adhesion. This study aimed to investigate surface properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) PMMA denture material before and after exposure to antifungal agents and its relation to in vitro adhesion of Candida albicans. METHODS Four groups of acrylic specimens (20 mm × 20 mm × 2.5mm) were prepared (25 specimens in each group). Specimens were immersed in nystatin (group 1), fluconazole (group 2), distilled water (group 3) and group 4 was not exposed. Specimens were tested for surface roughness, contact angle, surface hardness and in vitro Candida adherence to PMMA. RESULTS The results showed that nystatin had no statistically significant effect on surface hardness (P>0.05), but had a statistically significant effect on surface roughness, contact angle, and Candida adhesion to PMMA (P<0.05). On the other hand, fluconazole had no statistically significant effect on surface hardness or roughness (P>0.05), but had a statistically significant effect on contact angle, and Candida adhesion to PMMA (P<0.05). Distilled water had no statistically significant effect on surface hardness, roughness, contact angle, or Candida adhesion to PMMA (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Exposure of PMMA to nystatin may induce changes in roughness, wettability while exposure to fluconazole may affect surface free energy and therefore may increase Candida adhesion to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad N Al-Dwairi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
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Zamperini CA, Carneiro HDL, Rangel EC, Cruz NC, Vergani CE, Machado AL. In vitro adhesion of Candida glabrata to denture base acrylic resin modified by glow-discharge plasma treatment. Mycoses 2012; 56:134-44. [PMID: 22809146 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2012.02223.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the potential of plasma treatments to modify the surface chemistry and hydrophobicity of a denture base acrylic resin to reduce the Candida glabrata adhesion. Specimens (n = 54) with smooth surfaces were made and divided into three groups (n = 18): control - non-treated; experimental groups - submitted to plasma treatment (Ar/50 W; AAt/130 W). The effects of these treatments on chemical composition and surface topography of the acrylic resin were evaluated. Surface free energy measurements (SFE) were performed after the treatments and after 48 h of immersion in water. For each group, half (n = 9) of the specimens were preconditionated with saliva before the adhesion assay. The number of adhered C. glabrata was evaluated by cell counting after crystal violet staining. The Ar/50 W and AAt/130 W treatments altered the chemistry composition, hydrophobicity and topography of acrylic surface. The Ar/50 W group showed significantly lower C. glabrata adherence than the control group, in the absence of saliva. After preconditioning with saliva, C. glabrata adherence in experimental and control groups did not differ significantly. There were significant changes in the SFE after immersion in water. The results demonstrated that Ar/50 W treated surfaces have potential for reducing C. glabrata adhesion to denture base resins and deserve further investigation, especially to tailor the parameters to prolong the increased wettability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Andrade Zamperini
- Araraquara Dental School, UNESP-University Estadual Paulista, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zamperini CA, Machado AL, Vergani CE, Pavarina AC, Giampaolo ET, da Cruz NC. Adherence in vitro of Candida albicans to plasma treated acrylic resin. Effect of plasma parameters, surface roughness and salivary pellicle. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 55:763-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zamperini CA, Machado AL, Vergani CE, Pavarina AC, Rangel EC, Cruz NC. Evaluation of fungal adherence to plasma-modified polymethylmethacrylate. Mycoses 2010; 54:e344-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2010.01921.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Puri G, Berzins DW, Dhuru VB, Raj PA, Rambhia SK, Dhir G, Dentino AR. Effect of phosphate group addition on the properties of denture base resins. J Prosthet Dent 2009; 100:302-8. [PMID: 18922259 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3913(08)60210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Acrylic resins are prone to microbial adherence, especially by Candida albicans. Surface-charged resins alter the ionic interaction between the denture resin and Candida hyphae, and these resins are being developed as a means to reduce microbial colonization on the denture surface. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of phosphate-containing polymethyl methacrylate resins for their suitability as a denture material. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using PMMA with cross-linker (Lucitone 199) as a control, 4 experimental groups containing various levels of phosphate with and without cross-linker were generated. The properties examined were impact strength, fracture toughness, wettability (contact angle), and resin bonding ability to denture teeth. Impact strength was tested in the Izod configuration (n=16), and fracture toughness (n=13) was measured using the single-edge notched bend test. Wettability was determined by calculating the contact angle of water on the material surface (n=12), while ISO 1567 was used for bonding ability (n=12). The data were analyzed by 1- and 2-way ANOVA (alpha=.05). RESULTS A trend of increased hydrophilicity, as indicated by lower contact angle, was observed with increased concentrations of phosphate. With regard to the other properties, no significant differences were found when compared with the control acrylic resin. CONCLUSIONS No adverse physical effect due to the addition of a phosphate-containing monomer was found in the acrylic denture resins. Additional mechanical and physical properties, biocompatibility, and clinical efficacy studies are needed to confirm the in vivo anti-Candida activity of these novel resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Puri
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
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