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Bento VAA, Sayeg JMC, Rosa CDDRD, Lopes LFDTP, Marques MCS, Pellizzer EP. Efficacy of denture cleansers on Candida albicans adhesion and their effects on the properties of conventional, milled CAD/CAM, and 3D-printed denture bases. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:402. [PMID: 38940942 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate the efficacy of denture cleaners on the adhesion of Candida albicans and their effects on the surface, optical, and mechanical properties of resins for conventional, milled, and 3D-printed denture bases. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 240 resin samples were made, 120 for testing Candida albicans adhesion, optical stabilities (ΔE00), roughness (Ra), hydrophilicity (°), surface free energy (Owens-Wendt) and 120 samples for testing Candida albicans adhesion, surface microhardness (Knoop), flexural strength and modulus of elasticity in a three-point test, in which they were divided into 3 groups of denture resin (n = 40) and subdivided into 5 cleaners of dentures (n = 8). Data were evaluated by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test for multiple comparisons (α = 0.05). RESULTS Denture cleaners with an alkaline solution and dilute acid composition were those that showed the greatest effectiveness in reducing Candida albicans (P < 0.001), however 1% NaOCl significantly affected the properties of the resins (P < 0.05). Denture 3D-printed showed that the surface microhardness was significantly lower for all cleansers (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Listerine demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing Candida albicans with minimal effect on denture properties, whereas 1% NaOCl had a significant negative impact on the properties. The mechanical properties were significantly lower in 3D-printed resin than in other resins for all denture cleansers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Denture base materials are being sold to adapt to the CAD/CAM system, increasing the number of users of dentures manufactured with this system. Despite this, there is little investigation into denture cleaners regarding the adhesion capacity of microorganisms and the optical, surface and mechanical properties of dentures, thus requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Augusto Alves Bento
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, 1193 Jose Lourenco St - Centro, Araçatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - João Mateus Cavalaro Sayeg
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, 1193 Jose Lourenco St - Centro, Araçatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleber Davi Del Rei Daltro Rosa
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, 1193 Jose Lourenco St - Centro, Araçatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Ferreira de Toledo Piza Lopes
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, 1193 Jose Lourenco St - Centro, Araçatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Silva Marques
- Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Piza Pellizzer
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, 1193 Jose Lourenco St - Centro, Araçatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Geduk ŞE, Sağlam G, Cömert F, Geduk G. Antimicrobial activity of cleanser tablets against S. mutans and C. Albicans on different denture base materials. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:633. [PMID: 38811903 PMCID: PMC11134932 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, the antimicrobial activity of three different cleanser tablets on S. mutans and C. albicans adhesion to PMMA, polyamide and 3D printed resin was investigated. METHODS 40 samples were prepared for PMMA (SR Triplex Hot), polyamide (Deflex) and 3D printed resin (PowerResins Denture) materials and divided into four subgroups for cleansers (Aktident™, Protefix™, Corega™ tablets and distilled water) (n = 5). After the surface preparations were completed, the samples were immersed separately in tubes containing the prepared microorganism suspension and incubated at 37˚C for 24 h. After the incubation, the samples were kept in the cleanser solutions. The samples were then transferred to sterile saline tubes. All the tubes were vortexed and 10 µl was taken from each of them. Sheep blood agar was inoculated for colony counting. The inoculated plates were incubated for 48 h for S. mutans and 24 h for C. albicans. After incubation, colonies observed on all plates were counted. Statistical analyses were done with three-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test. RESULTS Polyamide material registered the highest colony count of S. mutans, whereas PMMA registered the lowest. Significant differences in S. mutans adherence (p = 0.002) were found between the three denture base materials, but no such difference in C. albicans adherence (p = 0.221) was identified between the specimens. All three cleanser tablets eliminated 98% of S. mutans from all the material groups. In all these groups, as well, the antifungal effect of Corega™ on C. albicans was significantly higher than those of the other two cleanser tablets. CONCLUSIONS According to the study's results, it may be better to pay attention to surface smoothness when using polyamide material to prevent microorganism retention. Cleanser tablets are clinically recommended to help maintain hygiene in removable denture users, especially Corega tablets that are more effective on C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şükriye Ece Geduk
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Kozlu, Zonguldak, Turkey.
| | - Gaye Sağlam
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Kozlu, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Füsun Cömert
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Gediz Geduk
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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Zhang K, Zhang S, Shi Y, Zhang L, Fu B. Effects of disinfectants on physical properties of denture base resins: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:841-858. [PMID: 35465961 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The disinfection of removable dental prostheses and orthodontic appliances is essential to preventing transmission of pathogens. However, whether different disinfection solutions and durations affect the physical properties of denture base resins is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to statistically analyze the influence of disinfectants on the physical properties of denture base resins. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic search in Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted to evaluate the effects of chemical disinfection on the physical properties of denture base resins such as surface morphology, roughness, hardness, and flexural strength. Of 1909 studies, 44 studies were included in the systematic review and 41 in the meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was analyzed by using I2 statistics. The influence of different disinfection solutions and durations on the physical properties was further analyzed, and the risk of bias evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed by using the RevMan 5.4 software program with the standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Of the 44 included studies, 40 studies were assessed as having a low risk of bias, and 4 had an unclear risk of bias. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with the control, disinfection could not significantly affect surface roughness and hardness within 60 minutes of immersion in disinfectant solutions or flexural strength within 30 minutes (roughness: P=.79, I2=0%; flexural strength: P=.08, I2=0%; hardness: P=.05, I2=19%). In addition, the physical properties were not significantly affected when glutaraldehyde, chlorhexidine, and peracetic acid were repeatedly used for more than 30 minutes. CONCLUSIONS Most of the disinfectants did not reduce the physical properties of denture base resin within 30 minutes of immersion. Glutaraldehyde, chlorhexidine, and peracetic acid are recommended if longer immersion or repeated disinfection is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Postgraduate student, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Dental Biomaterials and Devices for Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Sisi Zhang
- Postgraduate student, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Dental Biomaterials and Devices for Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ying Shi
- Resident, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Dental Biomaterials and Devices for Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Associate Professor, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Dental Biomaterials and Devices for Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Baiping Fu
- Professor, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Dental Biomaterials and Devices for Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Akarsu S, Atasoy S, Arıkan M, Koca B, Yiğin SN. Effects of three disinfection solutions on residual monomers released from resin nanoceramic CAD/CAM blocks. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24369. [PMID: 38317897 PMCID: PMC10838691 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three disinfection solutions on the amount of monomers released from resin nanoceramic CAD/CAM blocks using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Forty resin nanoceramic CAD/CAM (Cerasmart, GC, Japan) samples (12x14 × 2 mm) were divided into four groups; each group was disinfected using one of four solutions (Group 1: no disinfectant; Group 2: 70 % ethanol; Group 3: 2 % glutaraldehyde; and Group 4: 1 % sodium hypochlorite) for 5 min. Analysis of residual monomers (UDMA and Bis-EMA) amounts was performed using an HPLC instrument (Dionex Ultimate 3000, Thermo Fisher Scientific). After 30 days, the amounts of monomers found were as follows: 14.54 ppm for Group 1; 9.28 ppm for Group 2; 10.60 ppm for Group 3; and 2.76 ppm for Group 4 (the smallest monomer amount) (p < 0.001). Disinfection of indirect restorations prior to cementation can reduce the amount of residual monomers remaining from resin nanoceramic CAD/CAM blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Akarsu
- Ordu University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Turkey
| | - Samet Atasoy
- Ordu University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Turkey
| | - Merve Arıkan
- Ordu University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Turkey
| | - Bengisu Koca
- Ordu University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Turkey
| | - Sena Nur Yiğin
- Ordu University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Turkey
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Chukwu S, Munn A, Wilson JC, Ibrahim H, Gosling D, Love RM, Bakr MM. Efficacy of an impression disinfectant solution after repeated use: An in vitro study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23792. [PMID: 38223712 PMCID: PMC10784168 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Statement of problem There are very few studies using Benzalkonium Chloride (BAC) as an active disinfection agent for immersion techniques and there are no studies investigating the efficacy of repeated use of a disinfectant solution. Purpose This study evaluated an impression disinfectant by testing bacterial contamination of disinfectant batches used in a clinical setting after repeated use. Materials and methods Liquid samples were collected from impression disinfectant solutions used to disinfect dental impressions taken at a university dental clinic. The experimental samples (500 ml from 1 L of solution) were collected from teaching and professional clinics and the in-house commercial processing laboratory and stored at room temperature each day of clinic operation over five weeks. To determine to what extent the disinfectant efficacy of the active product decreased over time, the following tests were carried out: a. Inoculation b. Gram staining technique c. Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass spectrometry (MALDI- MS). Microbial growth was monitored and photographed. A culture revival was made from colonies grown on sheep blood agar, to isolate pure colonies incubated for 24 h at 37 °C. Each morphologically distinct type of colony was gram stained and MALDI spectrometry analysis was performed using the VITEK MS (BioMerieux Inc.). Results Evidence of growth of bacteria was detected in teaching clinics' samples, and no growth from the professional clinic or the commercial laboratory. Conclusions The study demonstrated that impression disinfectanat solution tested is effective against common oral bacteria, despite some rare species such as Bacillus circulans, Bacillus horneckiae, Bacillus altitudinis/pumilus and Bacillus cereus showing evidence of survival in solutions used for disinfection of impressions. However, in a high use teaching clinic environment its efficacy deteriorated. Though a second level disinfection protocol in the commercial laboratory-maintained impression disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Chukwu
- Clinical Dental technologist, L & T Dental Laboratory Bridgend, Wales, UK
| | - Alan Munn
- Senior Lecturer in Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer C. Wilson
- Associate Professor, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hadeel Ibrahim
- Lecturer in Prosthodontics, University of Melbourne, Prosthodontist at the Royal Dental Hospital of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dean Gosling
- Advanced Scientist - Laboratory Operations Manager, Queensland Public Health and Scientific Services (QPHaSS), Queensland Health, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert M. Love
- Dean of Dentistry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mahmoud M. Bakr
- Director of Clinical Education, Senior lecturer in General Dental Practice, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
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6
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Moufti MA, Hamad M, Al Shawa A, Mardini A, Ghebeh S. Efficacy and design requirements of UV light cabinets for disinfection of exchangeable non-sterilizable "dental objects". Sci Rep 2023; 13:19755. [PMID: 37957167 PMCID: PMC10643671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-sterilizable items such as prosthodontics items constitute a high risk of transmitting dangerous pathogens, including Coronavirus, between patients and healthcare personnel. Although UV rays are recognized for their germicidal efficacy, large and expensive UV devices previously hindered their adoption in dental offices. During the COVID-19 pandemic, small UV devices became available for domestic use, albeit with varying designs and effectiveness. Our study assesses the disinfection capacity of a UV light cabinet for four dental materials and discusses crucial design features for effective performance. Specimens of each material (silicone impressions, stone cast, acrylic denture base, and indelible pencils) were contaminated with Escherichia coli Bl21, and randomly divided into three study groups: UV device (UVG), impressions disinfection solution (SG), and control (CG). The experiment was repeated thrice, and disinfection efficacy assessed by colony forming units (CFU) count. A 2.5-min UV exposure achieved full disinfection for all materials. Significantly different results were found between groups (p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD), except for indelible pencils, where UVG and SG were both highly effective. UV cabinets surpass SG's disinfection efficacy. Compact UV devices can offer affordable, portable, and efficient disinfection for non-sterilizable dental objects, with careful consideration of wavelength, exposure, intensity, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Moufti
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O.Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE.
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
| | - M Hamad
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - A Al Shawa
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O.Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
| | - A Mardini
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O.Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
| | - S Ghebeh
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O.Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
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Alhamdan EM. Influence of Contemporary Photoactivated Disinfection on the Mechanical Properties and Antimicrobial Activity of PMMA Denture Base: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103523. [PMID: 36958538 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effectiveness of the contemporary photoactivated disinfection methods on the mechanical features and/or antimicrobial activity of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) dentures bases. METHODS THE FOCUSED RESEARCH QUESTION WAS: : "What is the effect of contemporary photoactivated disinfection methods as compared to conventional disinfection protocols on the mechanical features and/or antimicrobial activity of PMMA dentures bases?". An electronic literature search was carried out by the author and a senior librarian specialized in health sciences on Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. In vitro investigations evaluating the antimicrobial and/or mechanical effects of photoactivated disinfectants as compared to conventional chemical disinfectants on the microbes formed on PMMA denture bases were included. Meta-analysis was performed for calculating the standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Four out of eight studies concluded that photoactivated disinfectants, including riboflavin-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT), hematoporphyrin-mediated PDT, poly-L-glycolic acid loaded with methylene blue, Erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser, erbium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser, and chitosan-mediated PDT, demonstrated a significant reduction in colony-forming unit per milliliter (CFU/mL) of exposed viable colonies of Escherichia coli (E. coli), Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Candida albicans (C. albicans) comparable to the conventionally used chemical disinfectants of PMMA denture bases. Contrarily, two studies concluded that the PMMA denture base colonized with C. albicans and disinfected with conventional chemical disinfectants showed the greatest anti-fungal efficaciousness. All the included studies concluded that the application of photoactivated disinfectants does not negatively impact the mechanical features of the PMMA denture bases colonized with microbes including E. coli, S. mutans, S. aureus, and C. albicans. The meta-analysis revealed statistically significant reduction in C. albicans counts (CFU/mL [Log10]) (p < 0.00001) and improvement in the flexural strength (p = 0.0002) of PMMA-based denture base after the application of conventional disinfectants, while a statistically significant improvement in the fracture strength of PMMA-based denture base was observed after the application of photoactivated disinfectants (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION According to the systematic review (qualitative synthesis), photoactivated disinfectants demonstrated comparable mechanical features and antimicrobial activity of PMMA dentures bases to conventional chemical disinfectants suggesting their potential to be utilized as an alternative to conventional chemical disinfectants. However, the meta-analysis (quantitative synthesis) revealed that the application of conventional disinfectants demonstrated better outcomes related to antimicrobial activity and flexural strength of PMMA-based denture based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Alhamdan
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O.Box 21069, Riyadh 11475, Saudi Arabia.
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8
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Yang B, Ginsburg S, Li W, Vilela MM, Shahmohammadi M, Takoudis CG, Wu CD. Effect of nano-ceramic coating on surface property and microbial adhesion to poly(methyl methacrylate). J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023. [PMID: 36920405 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
To improve surface properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) using nano-ceramic coatings and assess microbial adherence after long-term use of a chemical cleanser. Thirty-six PMMA samples were fabricated, polished and coated with a nano-thin TiO2 or mixed TiO2 /ZrO2 , with uncoated samples as controls. Six samples in each group (n = 12) were soaked in Polident denture cleaner 180 times for 30 min, while six were soaked in deionized water. Surface roughness of PMMA before and after being soaked in Polident was assessed. All samples were subsequently exposed to Candida albicans for 6 h and the adherent cells were determined by viable colony count. Two-way analysis of variance was performed for statistical analysis. No significant difference in surface roughness was noted between the uncoated and coated PMMA before soaking. After soaking, surface roughness of the uncoated PMMA increased from 0.164 to 0.532 μm (p < .05). No significant change was observed for TiO2 -coated (0.105-0.143 μm) or TiO2 /ZrO2 -coated PMMA (0.104-0.141 μm). Attachment of C. albicans to PMMA soaked in water showed significantly less attachment to both TiO2 -coated (1.4 × 103 cfu/ml) and TiO2 /ZrO2 -coated PMMA (1.6 × 103 cfu/ml) than to the uncoated PMMA (2.6 × 103 cfu/ml). After soaking in Polident, the uncoated PMMA had significantly less C. albicans attachment than coated samples. Less attachment was noted on the TiO2 /ZrO2 -coated PMMA then the TiO2 -coated samples (p < .05). Nano-ceramic TiO22 /ZrO2 coating of PMMA denture base material alters surface properties thus reduces oral microbial adhesion. It represents a promising alternative to the chemical disinfection for PMMA denture materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shari Ginsburg
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Marina Moscardini Vilela
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mina Shahmohammadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christos G Takoudis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christine D Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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9
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Alfouzan AF, Tuwaym M, Aldaghri EN, Alojaymi T, Alotiabi HM, Taweel SMA, Al-Otaibi HN, Ali R, Alshehri H, Labban N. Efficacy of Denture Cleansers on Microbial Adherence and Surface Topography of Conventional and CAD/CAM-Processed Denture Base Resins. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020460. [PMID: 36679340 PMCID: PMC9866049 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the efficacy of five denture cleansers on the microbial adherence and surface topography of conventional and CAD/CAM denture base resins. Acrylic resin discs were fabricated using conventional, milling, and 3D printing methods (N = 180). The discs were contaminated with dual species of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans biofilm for 72 h and then disinfected with either of the denture cleansers (Fittydent cleansing tablets, 2% Chlorhexidine gluconate, 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate, 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, and 1% sodium hypochlorite (n = 10). Distilled water served as the control group. The colony-forming units of the microorganisms were calculated, followed by post-treatment surface roughness. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, paired t-test, and post hoc Tukey HSD test (α = 0.05). Among the denture cleansers, 2% Chlorhexidine gluconate, 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, and 1% sodium hypochlorite had the best cleansing effect on the resin discs and demonstrated zero growth of colonies for both the species. Comparing the material groups, the 3D-processed discs showed higher colony-forming units followed by the conventional and CAD/CAM milled group. The highest surface roughness was demonstrated by the 3D-printed discs (0.690 ± 0.08 μm), followed by the conventional (0.493 ± 0.11 μm) and the milled groups (0.301 ± 0.08 μm). The tested chemical denture cleansers affected the Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans adhesion compared to control discs immersed in distilled water. The clinician may recommend to their patient to use 2% chlorhexidine gluconate for the disinfection of CAD/CAM PMMA denture base materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan F. Alfouzan
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Malath Tuwaym
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtihal N. Aldaghri
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tagreed Alojaymi
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel Minife Alotiabi
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara M. Al Taweel
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan N. Al-Otaibi
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Ali
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Alshehri
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf Labban
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
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Lee EH, Jeon YH, An SJ, Deng YH, Kwon HB, Lim YJ, Kong H, Kim MJ. Removal effect of Candida albicans biofilms from the PMMA resin surface by using a manganese oxide nanozyme-doped diatom microbubbler. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12290. [PMID: 36593839 PMCID: PMC9803711 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To prevent oral candidiasis, removal of the Candida biofilms from dentures is important. However, common denture cleaners are insufficiently effective in removing biofilms. A manganese oxide (MnO2) nanozyme-doped diatom microbubbler (DM) can generate oxygen gas microbubbles by a catalase-mimicking activity in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). DM can invade and destroy biofilms with the driving force of continuously generated microbubbles. In this study, the Candida biofilm removal efficiency by co-treatment of DM and H2O2 was investigated. Diatom particles were reacted with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane to prepare amine-substituted diatom particles. These particles were reacted with potassium permanganate to fabricate DMs. The morphology and components of DM were analyzed by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Four types of denture base resin specimens on which biofilms of Candida albicans were formed were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS group), Polident 5-Minute (Polident group), 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX group), 3% H2O2 (H2O2 group), and co-treatment of 3 mg/mL of DM and 3% H2O2 (DM group). The biofilm removal effect of each group was quantitatively analyzed by crystal violet assay, and the results were visually confirmed by SEM images. After each treatment, the remaining C. albicans were stained with Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide, and observed with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to evaluate the viability. MnO2 nanozyme sheets were successfully doped on the surface of the fabricated DM. Although biofilms were not effectively removed in the Polident and CHX groups, CLSM images showed that CHX was able to effectively kill C. albicans in the biofilms on all resin specimen types. According to the crystal violet analysis, the H2O2 groups removed the biofilms on heat-activated and 3D-printed resins (P < .01), but could not remove the biofilms on autopolymerizing and milled resins significantly (P = .1161 and P = .1401, respectively). The DM groups significantly removed C. albicans from all resin specimen types (P < .01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ho Jeon
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Jin An
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Heng Deng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Ho-Beom Kwon
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Lim
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Myung-Joo Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author.
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Zinc-modified phosphate-based glass micro-filler improves Candida albicans resistance of auto-polymerized acrylic resin without altering mechanical performance. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19456. [PMID: 36376540 PMCID: PMC9663707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonization of auto-polymerized acrylic resin by pathogenic Candida albicans is a common problem for denture users. In this study, zinc-modified phosphate-based glass was introduced into an auto-polymerized acrylic resin at concentrations of 3, 5, and 7 wt.%. The mechanical or physical properties (flexural strength, elastic modulus, microhardness, and contact angle), surface morphology of the resultant materials, and the antimicrobial effect on C. albicans were investigated. There were no statistical differences in the mechanical properties between the control and the zinc-modified phosphate-based glass samples (p > 0.05); however, the number of C. albicans colony-forming units was significantly lower in the control group (p < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that C. albicans tended not to adhere to the zinc-modified-phosphate-based glass samples. Thus, the zinc-modified materials retained the advantageous mechanical properties of unaltered acrylic resins, while simultaneously exhibiting a strong antimicrobial effect in vitro.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Chlorhexidine as a Disinfectant in the Prosthodontic Practice: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e30566. [PMID: 36415428 PMCID: PMC9676089 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Controlling the cross-contamination between the dental clinic and laboratory is of utmost importance to maintain the health of dental healthcare personnel (DHCP) and patients. The aim of this paper was to review the current literature with regard to the use of chlorhexidine as a prosthetic disinfectant in prosthodontic practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS A scoping review of the literature was performed in Medline/PubMed, Ovid Embase, and the Cochrane Library. A search for all literature published from 1980 to 2021 was based on the following keywords: ['Chlorhexidine/gluconate' OR 'chlorhexidine', OR 'gluconate', OR 'denture disinfectants', OR 'antimicrobial', OR 'disinfectant', OR 'impression disinfectants, OR prosthesis' OR 'biofilm, microbiology'] OR [teeth]. We reviewed the disinfectant in terms of its mechanism of action, antimicrobial effectiveness, disinfection techniques, clinical applications, corrosiveness/damage to the structure of prostheses, and reasonable shelf life. RESULTS Chlorhexidine was tested under different concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 5%. It provided a significant reduction in biofilm viability but had a minimum effect on Candida albicans with a variable effect result that showed no significant differences in the dimensional changes by immersion of alginate dental impressions for no more than 10 minutes and no clinically significant dimensional differences on aluwax, polyether, condensation siloxane, and polyvinyl siloxane were noticed. Nonetheless, chlorhexidine altered the surface of the silicone and acrylic resins and affected the long-term hardness of the relining material. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this review, the use of chlorhexidine disinfectant demonstrates a good measure in the reduction of contamination and cross-infection and has a minimal effect on the dimensional stability of most impression materials. Further studies with in-vitro testing are required to confirm these findings.
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Matheus DMD, Gomes EA, Barcellos DC, Rosetti EP, Margonar R. Linear dimensional accuracy of stereolithographic surgical guide after chemistry and physics sterilization. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2022; 123:510-513. [PMID: 34844017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dimensional stability of prototyped surgical guides after autoclave and 2% glutaraldehyde sterilization processes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty prototyped surgical guides were prepared and submitted to two sterilization processes (n = 10): Physics - sterilization by autoclave (saturated water vapor under pressure, temperature of 126 to 130 °C, pressure of 1,7 at 1.9 kgf/cm2, 16 min); Chemistry - sterilization by 2% glutaraldehyde for 10 h. Six pre-established points were measured in the prototyped surgical guides, before and after sterilization, using a digital caliper rule. The comparisons were made using orthogonal contrasts using the linear model of mixed effects (random and fixed). RESULTS there are no significant differences between autoclave and glutaraldehyde 2% (p>0.05) there are significant differences after autoclave sterilization (p<0.05) and there are not significant differences after 2% glutaraldehyde sterilization (p>0.05). CONCLUSION autoclave promoted dimensional alteration of the prototyped surgical guides, and the chemical sterilization by glutaraldehyde 2% did not cause dimensional alteration of the prototype surgical guides, being a favorable choice for sterilization. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE the sterilization of surgical guides can be performed through the chemical process with 2% glutaraldehyde without changing the linear precision of the prototype surgical guides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Moraes De Matheus
- Private Practitioner, DDS, MS. University Centre of Araraquara, UNIARA, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Erica Alves Gomes
- DDS, MS, PhD, Doctor Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto, UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daphne Camara Barcellos
- DDS, MS, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Elizabeth Pimentel Rosetti
- DDS, MS, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Rogério Margonar
- DDS, MS, PhD, Doctor Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto, UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
AIM The aim of this article is to discuss the infection control measures with focus on those related to prosthodontic work. BACKGROUND The risk of transmission of several infectious microorganisms during dental procedures and the increased awareness and knowledge of infectious diseases have led to an increased attention to the importance of infection control. Prosthodontists and dental personnel are exposed directly or indirectly to a significant risk of acquiring healthcare-associated infections. REVIEW RESULTS High standards of occupational safety and dental infection control must be applied by dental personnel for the safety of patients and dental healthcare workers. All reusable items (critical and semicritical instruments) that come in contact with the patient's saliva, blood, or mucous membranes must be heat-sterilized. Proper disinfectants should be used to disinfect nonsterilizable instruments (e.g., wax knifes, dental shade plastic mixing spatula, guides, fox bite plane, articulators, and facebows). CONCLUSION In prosthodontics, items potentially contaminated with patient's blood and saliva are transported between dental clinics and dental laboratories. Such fluids may contain microorganisms with high potential for transmission of several diseases. Therefore, sterilization and disinfection of all items used during prosthodontic work should be part of infection control protocol in dental care setting. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In prosthodontic practice, a strict infection prevention plan should be implemented to minimalize the risk of infectious diseases transmission among prosthodontists, dental office, dental laboratory personnel, and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandar Mohammed Abdullah Al-Makramani
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen, Phone: +966568557923, e-mail:
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Ferro AC, Spavieri JHP, Ribas BR, Scabelo L, Jorge JH. Do denture cleansers influence the surface roughness and adhesion and biofilm formation of Candida albicans on acrylic resin? Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthodont Res 2022; 67:164-172. [PMID: 35811135 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_22_00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the influence of denture cleansers on the surface roughness, Candida albicans adhesion, and biofilm formation on denture base acrylic resins. STUDY SELECTION Electronic databases and gray literature were searched using an individual search strategy. In vitro studies that evaluated the effects of immersion in denture cleansers on the surface roughness (µm) and antimicrobial activity (CFU/mL) on samples of heat-polymerized denture base acrylic resins were included. RESULTS After screening, 17 studies were included, and a qualitative synthesis was performed. After assessing the risk of bias, only nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis results showed that the evaluated solutions (0.5% sodium hypochlorite, 1% sodium hypochlorite, alkaline peroxide, and natural substances) did not influence the roughness of the acrylic resin. However, in the qualitative analysis, it was not possible to confirm an association between roughness and C. albicans adhesion and biofilm formation on the acrylic resin samples. CONCLUSION Denture cleansers did not affect the surface roughness of denture base acrylic resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Costa Ferro
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz Ribeiro Ribas
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lais Scabelo
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janaina Habib Jorge
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Impact of Steam Autoclaving on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Resins Used for Insertion Guides in Orthodontics and Implant Dentistry. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12126195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Guided implant placement has been shown to be more accurate than free-handed insertion. Still, implant position deviations occur and could possibly pose risks. Thus, there is a quest to identify factors that might impair the accuracy of implantation protocols using templates. This study aimed to investigate the influence of autoclaving cycles (cycle 1: 121 °C, 1 bar, 20.5 min; cycle 2: 134 °C, 2 bar, 5.5 min) on the Vickers hardness and flexural modulus of five different materials used for 3D-printed insertion guides. The specimens were subjected to Vickers hardness tests, showing significant changes in the Vickers hardness for two and three materials out of five for cycle 1 and 2, respectively. The results of the three-point bending tests (n = 15 specimens per material) showed decreasing flexural moduli after autoclaving. However, changes were significant only for one material, which presented a significant decrease in the flexural modulus after cycle 2. No significant changes were detected after cycle 1. In conclusion, our findings show that autoclaving can alter the mechanical properties of the templates to some extent, especially with cycle 2. Whether these modifications are associated with dimensional changes of the templates and reduced accuracy of the implantation protocols remains to be investigated.
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AlHamdan EM. Soft Denture liner and microbial disinfection with contemporary and conventional agents. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102768. [PMID: 35183780 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to assess the effect of PDT, herbal and chemical disinfectants on the dental pathogen adherence to soft denture liner colonized with E. coli, C. Albicans, S.aureus, and S. mutans. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 20 samples of soft-lined removable acrylic complete dentures were fabricated and subjected to the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) for the inoculation of E.coli, C.albicans, S.mutans and S.aureus in an in-vitro setup. The samples were then randomly divided into four groups and immersed in group 1: 5 µm of Rose Bengal (RB), group 2: Neem extract, group 3: Tea tree oil (TTO), and group 4: 0.12% CHX solutions respectively. Statistical analysis was accomplished by the SPSS 10 statistical software for Windows at a significance level p< 0.05. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test were used to analyze the data and compare the means and standard deviation values of CFU/mL (log10) for exposed E. coli, C. albicans, S aureus, and S. mutans. RESULTS Intragroup comparison indicated E.coli and C.albicans did not unveil a decrease in reduction CFU/mL (log10) when SDL irradiated with RB 5 µm. Whereas, CFU/mL (log10) values of S.aureus; 2.62±0.68 CFU/mL and S.mutans: 3.41±0.13 CFU/mL plunged significantly (p<0.05). Likewise, S. aureus and S. mutans CFU/mL (log10) strain values display reduction when treated with all four disinfectants while the count of C.albicans unveiled a significant plunge with CHX, TTO and neem extract except RB (p<0.05) CONCLUSION: 0.12% CHX and TTO have enhanced antimicrobial efficacy in reducing adhered bacterial colonies of E.coli, C.albicans, S.aureus, and S.mutans (CFU)/mL on a denture soft liner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M AlHamdan
- Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College Of Dentistry, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Alkahtani F. Efficacy of chemical and Photoactivated disinfectants against Candida Albicans and assessment of hardness, roughness, and mass loss of acrylic denture base resin. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102911. [PMID: 35595187 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of hematoporphyrin derivative, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), glutaraldehyde (GaH), and a chlorhexidine (CHX) on mass loss (ML), microhardness, and surface roughness (Ra) of acrylic denture base colonized with C. Albicans. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 40 heat cure acrylic resin dentures were fabricated and inoculated by the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) of C. Albicans in an in-vitro situation. Specimens were divided into four groups (n=10) based on the method of disinfection. Hematoporphyrin derivatives, 1% NaOCl, 2% GaH, and 4% CHX.The pre and post candida (CFU/ml) counts were recorded before and after immersion. ML, microhardness, and Ra of acrylic denture were also assessed. Statistical analysis was executed for CFU/mL (log10) for exposed C. Albicans by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple tests (p>0.05). For normality of the data, Dunnet's Simultaneous test was performed. RESULTS In terms of candida strain analysis, pretreatment to posttreatment comparisons revealed a reduction in mean Candida count in all groups (p<0.05). The highest ML value after post candida disinfection of acrylic denture was observed in 2% GaH (1.587 ± 0.25) treated specimens. The least microhardness value was found in group 1 when treated with hematoporphyrin (0.97 ± 0.22 VHN) which was significantly different from other groups (p<0.05). Group 1 surface treated with hematoporphyrin derivate (1.84 ± 0.22 μm) showed the highest Ra values (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Acrylic denture base resin colonized with C. Albicans when treated with a chemical disinfectant of 4% chlorhexidine displayed the highest antimicrobial efficacy with reduced mass loss, less surface roughness, and maximum denture hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Alkahtani
- Department of prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
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Inactivation Mechanism and Efficacy of Grape Seed Extract for Human Norovirus Surrogate. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0224721. [PMID: 35465682 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02247-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper disinfection of harvested food and water is critical to minimize infectious disease. Grape seed extract (GSE), a commonly used health supplement, is a mixture of plant-derived polyphenols. Polyphenols possess antimicrobial and antifungal properties, but antiviral effects are not well-known. Here we show that GSE outperformed chemical disinfectants (e.g., free chlorine and peracetic acids) in inactivating Tulane virus, a human norovirus surrogate. GSE induced virus aggregation, a process that correlated with a decrease in virus titers. This aggregation and disinfection were not reversible. Molecular docking simulations indicate that polyphenols potentially formed hydrogen bonds and strong hydrophobic interactions with specific residues in viral capsid proteins. Together, these data suggest that polyphenols physically associate with viral capsid proteins to aggregate viruses as a means to inhibit virus entry into the host cell. Plant-based polyphenols like GSE are an attractive alternative to chemical disinfectants to remove infectious viruses from water or food. IMPORTANCE Human noroviruses are major food- and waterborne pathogens, causing approximately 20% of all cases of acute gastroenteritis cases in developing and developed countries. Proper sanitation or disinfection are critical strategies to minimize human norovirus-caused disease until a reliable vaccine is created. Grape seed extract (GSE) is a mixture of plant-derived polyphenols used as a health supplement. Polyphenols are known for antimicrobial, antifungal, and antibiofilm activities, but antiviral effects are not well-known. In studies presented here, plant-derived polyphenols outperformed chemical disinfectants (i.e., free chlorine and peracetic acids) in inactivating Tulane virus, a human norovirus surrogate. Based on data from molecular assays and molecular docking simulations, the current model is that the polyphenols in GSE bind to the Tulane virus capsid, an event that triggers virion aggregation. It is thought that this aggregation prevents Tulane virus from entering host cells.
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Tulbah HI. Anticandidal efficacy on Polymide based denture resin using Photodynamic therapy, chemical and herbal disinfectants and their effect on surface roughness and hardness. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102874. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Assari AS, Mohammed Mahrous M, Ahmad YA, Alotaibi F, Alshammari M, AlTurki F, AlShammari T. Efficacy of Different Sterilization Techniques for Toothbrush Decontamination: An Ex Vivo Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e21117. [PMID: 35165574 PMCID: PMC8830509 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Contaminated toothbrushes can cause several oral and systemic illnesses. This study aimed to identify the most rapid, effective, and affordable method for toothbrush decontamination. In addition, the most prevalent bacterial species colonizing toothbrushes were determined. Methodology Toothbrushes were collected after two weeks of use by 55 volunteers. The bacterial count was measured before and after sterilization using 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate, 0.1% Listerine, 70% white alcohol, 10% povidone-iodine, 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% glutaraldehyde, ultraviolet radiation, microwave irradiation, 3% hydrogen peroxide, and 100% white vinegar, with tap water rinse as the control. Results A marked reduction in the bacterial count was observed pre- and post-sterilization. All sterilization methods were effective for toothbrush disinfection. Sterilization using 2% glutaraldehyde and 3% hydrogen peroxide solutions resulted in the most significant reduction in the mean bacterial count and percentage reduction in the total bacterial count, respectively. The toothbrush samples were also colonized by several different types of bacteria. The most common colonizing bacterial species included Bacillus subtilis (28% prevalence), Sacrina (26% prevalence),and Streptococcus pneumoniae (24% prevalence). Conclusions Because bacterial contamination cannot be eliminated and different species colonize toothbrush surfaces, cleaning and disinfection are essential to prevent disease transmission.
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Huang C, Tao S, Yuan J, Li X. Effect of sodium hypochlorite on biofilm of Klebsiella pneumoniae with different drug resistance. Am J Infect Control 2022; 50:922-928. [PMID: 34986390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilm formation is a major factor in the resistance mechanism of Klebsiella pneumoniae. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sodium hypochlorite on the biofilm of K. pneumoniae with different drug resistance. METHODS We collected 3 different types of K. pneumoniae respectively. The growth trend of biofilms of different drug-resistant K. pneumoniae was quantified by measuring the OD590 for 7 consecutive days using crystal violet staining. Scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy was used to observe biofilm morphology. RESULTS After adding sodium hypochlorite, there were significant differences between the OD590 value of the 200, 500, and 1,000 µg/mL groups and the positive control group (all P < .05) on the fifth day. Concentrations of 2,000 and 5,000 µg/mL sodium hypochlorite were added after the biofilm had matured. In the 5,000 µg/mL sodium hypochlorite group, the OD590 of K. pneumoniae biofilm in the 3 groups decreased significantly compared with the blank control group (all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Sodium hypochlorite inhibited and cleared the biofilm of K. pneumoniae with different drug resistance, and the effect was enhanced with the increase of concentration in the range of bacteriostatic and bactericidal concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlei Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
| | - Shaoneng Tao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
| | - Jinlong Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China.
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Mańka-Malara K, Trzaskowski M, Gawlak D. The Influence of Decontamination Procedures on the Surface of Two Polymeric Liners Used in Prosthodontics. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4340. [PMID: 34960891 PMCID: PMC8706804 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric liners are materials commonly used in prosthodontics to reshape denture surfaces contacting the soft tissues of the oral cavity. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of different cleaning methods on two polymeric materials used in prosthodontics as non-adhesive permanent liners. The material for the research consisted of samples made from Mollosil Plus (Detax, Ettlingen, Germany)-direct polysiloxan liner; and Plastitanium (Pressing Dental, San Marino, Republic of San Marino)-an injection-molded liner. A total of 198 samples were made, 99 of each assessed material. They were exposed to different cleaning methods-a toothbrush, a toothbrush and soap, a toothbrush and toothpaste (BlendaMed, Procter&Gamble, Cincinnati, OH, USA), a toothpaste and denture cleaning paste (Protefix Hygiene Denture Paste, Queisser Pharma, Germany), denture cleansing tablets (Protefix Hygiene Cleaning Tablets, Queisse Pharma, Germany), and a disinfecting spray (Aftermat, Port Jefferson Station, New York City, NY, USA)-for 1 min, 5 min, 10 min, and 15 min. The image acquisition was performed with scanning electron microscopy and samples were analyzed for the homogeneity of their surfaces-the presence of holes, grooves, precipitate, and small and large separating pieces of the material marking departures from this homogeneity. For each type of damage, one point was given. Continuous data from two groups were compared with Mann-Whitney U testing. Due to a small sample size and distribution of variables other than normal, to compare more than two groups, Kruskal-Wallis testing with post hoc analysis (Dunn test with Bonferroni correction) was used. Categorical data were compared with the chi-square test and the Fisher's exact test. The Mollosil Plus material should be decontaminated with the use of a toothbrush or toothbrush with soap, while Plastitanium material should be disinfected. Plastitanium samples are more susceptible to damage during the decontamination procedures than Mollosil Plus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Mańka-Malara
- Department of Prosthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.T.); (D.G.)
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AlHamdan EM, Al-Saleh S, Nisar SS, Alshiddi I, Alqahtani AS, Alzahrani KM, Naseem M, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T. Efficacy of porphyrin derivative, Chlorhexidine and PDT in the surface disinfection and roughness of Cobalt chromium alloy removable partial dentures. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102515. [PMID: 34469796 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different cleansers and photodynamic therapy (PDT) on disinfection of Co/Cr removable partial denture colonized with C. albicans, S.aureus and S.mutans. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-five Co/Cr removable partial dentures were constructed. and inoculated by American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) of Candida albicans, S.aureus, and S.mutans in an in-vitro setup. Co/Cr removable partial dentures were randomly allocated into five groups and framework was immersed in 15 mL of contaminated culture medium broth. Based on the cleansing method, disinfected dentures in group 1 were cleansed with porphyrin derivative; group 2 was exposed to 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate; samples in group 3 and group 4 were subjected to sodium perborate enzyme and citric acid respectively. Through a surface analyzer, the surface roughness of Co/Cr and methacrylate resin was measured in 3 different zones in micrometers before and after disinfection. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test was used to analyze the data. Levene test was used to assess the normal distribution of data. Significance level p< 0.05 RESULTS: The results of metal roughness displayed that Co/Cr used as an alloy did not exhibit significant difference when exposed to different chemical disinfectants and photosensitizer (p > 0.05). Similarly, surface roughness (Ra) of heat polymerized acrylic resin using cleansers and PDT demonstrated no significant difference. Intergroup comparison showed that, hematoporphyrin derivative displayed comparable cleansing property against S. aureus, C.albicans, and S. mutans compared to to 0.12% CHX digluconate (p>0.05). The intragroup comparison showed hematoporphyrin derivative and CHX were equally effective against all bacteria (p>0.05). CONCLUSION CHX digluconate and hematoporphyrin derivative demonstrated high antimicrobial activity against S.aureus, S.mutans, and C.albicans with minimum Ra of an acrylic denture and Co/Cr metallic framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M AlHamdan
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Samar Al-Saleh
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O.Box 21069, Riyadh 11475, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sidra Sadaf Nisar
- Department of Science of Dental materials, Dow International Dental College.
| | - Ibraheem Alshiddi
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O.Box 21069, Riyadh 11475, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulaziz S Alqahtani
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O.Box 21069, Riyadh 11475, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khaled M Alzahrani
- Department of Prosthetic Dental sciences, College of Dentistry Prince Sattam Bin AbdulAziz University, 11942 Alkharj Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mustafa Naseem
- Department of Community and Preventive Dental Sciences, Dow University of dental Sciences Dow International Dental College.
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Posthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud Uiversity; Engr. Abdullah Bugshan research chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, king Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Posthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud Uiversity; Engr. Abdullah Bugshan research chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, king Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Alhenaki AM, Alqarawi FK, Tanveer SA, Alshahrani FA, Alshahrani A, AlHamdan EM, Alzahrani KM, Aldahiyan N, Naseem M, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T. Disinfection of acrylic denture resin polymer with Rose Bengal, Methylene blue and Porphyrin derivative in photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102362. [PMID: 34062305 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM The study aimed to assess the effect of in-vitro chlorhexidine and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) disinfection protocols against acrylic resin specimens colonized with S. mutans, S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans. MATERIAL AND METHODS Reference strains of S. mutans, S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans were tested. Sixteen blocks of acrylic specimens were prepared by heat-cure acrylic resin and contaminated by in-vitro biofilm growth. Specimens in group 1, group 2 and group 3 were treated with Rose Bengal (RB), methylene blue (MB) 500 mg/L and porphyrin derivative (PD) 5 ml respectively, for the sensitization of biofilms. All photosensitizers (PS) were activated by LED at different wavelength. CHX was prepared in sterile distilled water and applied for 60 s. Each contaminated specimen was sprayed on all its surfaces with the aforementioned photosensitizers and control CHX. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) model was used to test the effect of the treatments and Tukey multiple comparison tests to compare means OF CFU/mL (log10) for exposed E. coli, C. albicans, S aureus, and S. mutans RESULTS: Specimens treated with 0.12% CHX (control) demonstrated a significant reduction in CFU/mL (log10) for exposed E. coli; 2.04±0.07 CFU/mL, C. albicans; 2.09±0.85 CFU/mL, S aureus; 3.04±0.11 CFU/mL, and S. mutans; 2.54±0.91 CFU/mL. The intragroup comparison revealed E.coli did not exhibit a decrease in reduction CFU/mL (log10) when acrylic resin irradiated with RB 5 µm. Whereas, CFU/mL (log10) values of S.aureus; 3.62±0.68 and S.mutans; 3.41±0.13 plummeted (p<0.05). Intergroup comparison showed E.coli values to display comparable reduction when disinfected with MB 500 mg/L and 0.12% CHX; 3.16±0.34 and 2.04±0.07 CFU/mL (log10) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Photosensitizers (RB, MB, PD) are selective in reducing bacterial count on acrylic resin blocks. CHX was found to be effective against all bacteria E.coli, C.albicans, S.aureus, and S.mutans at a concentration of 0.12%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasem M Alhenaki
- Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College Of Dentistry, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Firas K Alqarawi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syeda A Tanveer
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Dow international Dental College. Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Faris A Alshahrani
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah Alshahrani
- Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College Of Dentistry, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Eman M AlHamdan
- Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College Of Dentistry, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khaled M Alzahrani
- Department of Prosthetic Dental sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin AbdulAziz University, 11942 Alkharj Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nada Aldahiyan
- Post-Graduate Student. Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mustafa Naseem
- Department of Community and Preventive Dental sciences, Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College Of Dentistry, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College Of Dentistry, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Zhang QJ, Liu Y, Zhang WT, Huang JJ, Li HH, Lu YG, Zheng M, Zheng DL. Synthesis, Antifungal Activity, and Cytotoxicity of AgBr-NP@CTMAB Hybrid and Its Application in PMMA. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3091-3103. [PMID: 33953557 PMCID: PMC8092853 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s290673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To synthesize and determine the antifungal activity of AgBr-nanoparticles (NP) @CTMAB (cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide) against Candida albicans (C. albicans) for use in the field of denture cleaning. Methods The morphology and structure of AgBr-NP@CTMAB were characterized by IR, UV-Vis, XRD and SEM. The antifungal potential of AgBr-NP@CTMAB against C. albicans was determined by colony formation assay and growth curve analysis. PMMA containing AgBr-NP@CTMAB was prepared, and the long-term antifungal efficacy was analyzed. The effect against C. albicans biofilm was analyzed by SEM and OD600 , and the color changes of the specimens were observed by stereomicroscopy after 1 week of incubation. Cytotoxicity to human oral gingival fibroblasts and oral mucosal epithelial cells was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) in vitro. Results The compound showed a good crystalline phase, the presence of AgBr nanoparticles and the hybridization of CTMAB+ with AgBr-NPs. AgBr-NP@CTMAB showed significant antifungal activity against C. albicans at concentrations of 10 μg/mL and 20 μg/mL. PMMA specimens containing AgBr-NP@CTMAB showed no long-term antifungal effect against C. albicans biofilm. The clearance rate of C. albicans attached to PMMA was 44.73% after soaking in 10 µg/mL AgBr-NP@CTMAB solution for 30 min and 91.35% for 8 h. There was no significant residual cytotoxicity or visual color change after soaking. Significance AgBr-NP@CTMAB showed promising potential treatment for denture cleaners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Jun Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350004, People's Republic of China.,Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ting Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Huang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Hong Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Guang Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Li Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350004, People's Republic of China
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Denture-Soaking Solution Containing Piper betle Extract-Loaded Polymeric Micelles; Inhibition of Candida albicans, Clinical Study, and Effects on Denture Base Resin. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040440. [PMID: 33920823 PMCID: PMC8071126 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a common overgrowth in people wearing dentures. Long-term use of antifungal chemicals carries a risk of toxic side effects. This study focused on the edible Piper betle extract because of its safety. The broth dilution method was applied for antifungal determination of the ethyl acetate fractionated extract (fEA) and fEA-loaded polymeric micelles (PMF). The PMF was prepared by thin-film hydration using poloxamer 407 as a polymer base. The results found that the weight ratio of fEA to polymer is the main factor to obtain PMF system as a clear solution, nanoparticle sizes, narrow size distribution, negative zeta potential, and high entrapment efficiency. The activity of PMF against C. albicans is significantly higher than fEA alone, with a minimum fungicidal concentration of 1.5 mg/mL. PMF from 1:3 ratio of fEA to polymer is used to develop a denture-soaking solution contained 1.5 mg fEA/mL (PMFS). A clinical study on dentures of 15 volunteers demonstrated an 86.1 ± 9.2% reduction of C. albicans after soaking the dentures in PMFS daily for 14 days. Interestingly, PMFS did not change the hardness and roughness of the denture base resins. The developed PMFS may serve as a potential natural denture-soaking solution against candidiasis in denture wearers.
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Color Stability and Surface Properties of PMMA/ZrO 2 Nanocomposite Denture Base Material after Using Denture Cleanser. Int J Biomater 2021; 2021:6668577. [PMID: 33927766 PMCID: PMC8049834 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6668577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate denture cleanser effects on color stability, surface roughness, and hardness of PMMA denture base resin reinforced with nano-ZrO2. Materials and Methods A total of 420 specimens were fabricated of unreinforced and nano-ZrO2 reinforced acrylic resin at 2.5% and 5%, resulting in 3 main groups. These groups were further subdivided (n = 10) according to immersion solution (distilled water, Corega, sodium hypochlorite, and Renew) and immersion duration. Surface roughness, hardness, and color were measured at baseline (2 days-T0) in distilled water and then after 180 and 365 days of immersion (T1 & T2) in water or denture cleansing solutions. Data was collected and analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test (α = 0.05). Results Surface roughness increased significantly after denture cleanser immersion of unmodified and nano-ZrO2-modified PMMA materials while hardness decreased (P < 0.001). The denture cleansers significantly affected the color of both PMMA denture bases (P < 0.001). The immersion time in denture cleansers significantly affected all tested properties (P < 0.001). Within denture cleansers, NaOCl showed the highest adverse effects (P < 0.05) while Renew showed the least adverse effects. Conclusion Denture cleansers can significantly result in color change and alter the surface roughness and hardness of denture base resin even with ZrO2 nanoparticles addition. Therefore, they should be carefully used.
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Feldmann A, Alexandrino LD, Santos VRD, Kapczinski MP, Fraga S, Silva WJD, Mengatto CM. Effect of a vinegar-hydrogen peroxide mixture on the surface properties of a cobalt-chromium alloy: A possible disinfectant for removable partial dentures. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 127:929-935. [PMID: 33461773 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM A vinegar-hydrogen peroxide mixture has been reported to be effective in eliminating Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus from acrylic resin, and its action has been reported to be comparable with that of sodium hypochlorite or peracetic acid. However, the effects of this mixture on cobalt-chromium alloys remain unknown. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the surface roughness, Knoop microhardness, surface free energy, and wettability of a cobalt-chromium alloy when exposed to a vinegar-hydrogen peroxide mixture. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty specimens of cobalt-chromium alloy were fabricated and immersed for 900 minutes, simulating 3 months of a daily 10-minute immersion in the following chemical agents (n=10): distilled water (W); 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (H); 3% hydrogen peroxide and water dilution in 1:1 ratio (HP); white-wine vinegar and water dilution in 1:1 ratio (V); and vinegar and hydrogen peroxide mixture in 1:1 ratio (VHP). Surface roughness, Knoop microhardness, surface free energy, and wettability were measured with single blinding before and after immersions. Data were statistically analyzed by using 2-way repeated measures ANOVA (α=.05). RESULTS The vinegar-hydrogen peroxide mixture did not affect the surface roughness or Knoop microhardness. However, 0.5% sodium hypochlorite significantly increased the roughness and decreased microhardness. Surface free energy and wettability increased after immersions, regardless of the types of solution. CONCLUSIONS Immersion in a vinegar-hydrogen peroxide mixture did not affect the surface characteristics of a cobalt-chromium alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Feldmann
- Master of Science candidate, Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Larissa Dolfini Alexandrino
- Master of Science candidate, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Doctorate candidate, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Myriam Pereira Kapczinski
- Professor, Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sara Fraga
- Professor, Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Wander José da Silva
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Machado Mengatto
- Professor, Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Gad MM, Abualsaud R, Fouda SM, Rahoma A, Al-Thobity AM, Khan SQ, Akhtar S, Al-Harbi FA. Effects of Denture Cleansers on the Flexural Strength of PMMA Denture Base Resin Modified with ZrO 2 Nanoparticles. J Prosthodont 2020; 30:235-244. [PMID: 32783226 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The additions of zirconium oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZrO2 ) to denture base materials have produced nanocomposites with satisfactory properties, although there is a lack of research investigating the effects of denture cleansers on these materials. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of denture cleansers on the flexural strength of denture base materials modified with nano-ZrO2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 270 specimens were fabricated from pure and nano-ZrO2 reinforced acrylic resins at 2.5% and 5%, resulting in 3 main groups. The groups were further divided into subgroups (n = 10) according to immersion solution (distilled water, Corega, sodium hypochlorite, and Renew) and immersion duration. Flexural strength was measured at baseline (T0 ) in distilled water and after 180 and 365 days of immersion (T1 and T2 ) in denture cleansers. Data were collected and analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS The flexural strength of the nano-ZrO2 modified denture base material decreased significantly after immersion in different denture cleansers at different immersion durations in comparison to baseline (T0 ) (p < 0.001). Sodium hypochlorite showed the highest reduction in flexural strength followed by Corega, while Renew cleansing solution resulted in the least change. CONCLUSION Denture cleansers can significantly affect the flexural strength of nano-ZrO2 modified denture base materials and thus should be used cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Abualsaud
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M Fouda
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Rahoma
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M Al-Thobity
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soban Q Khan
- Department of Clinical Affairs, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Al-Harbi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Antifungal Effect of Silver Nitrate on Prosthodontic Dentures. BALKAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/bjdm-2020-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Background/Aim: Although there are studies about the antimicrobial activity of silver, there is no study evaluating it as a denture disinfectant. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of 6 disinfectant solutions (50% vinegar, 100% vinegar, 1% silver nitrate, 2% silver nitrate, %1 sodium hypochlorite, 0,12% chlorhexidine digluconate) in the disinfection of acrylic resin specimens contaminated in vitro by Candida albicans, as measured by residual colony-forming unit (CFU).
Material and Methods: 66 pieces of 10mmx2mm acrylic resin disc samples were prepared and incubated in 1x106 cell/ml suspension of C. albicans ATCC 18804 for 24 h (one of them as a control, n=11/group). The specimens were then transferred into tubes containing 10 ml of the tested disinfectants and kept for 10 minutes in the disinfectant. After washing with saline, the specimens were vortexed to remove the microorganisms adhered to the surfaces. Colony counting of the collected microorganisms was performed on Sabouroud dextrose medium using 10−1, 10−2 and 10−3 dilutions. The results were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (p<0,05).
Results: The results showed that 1% sodium hypochlorite, %1 silver nitrate and 2% silver nitrate were the most effective against Candida Albicans (p<0,05), followed by 100% vinegar, 0,12% chlorhexidine digluconate and 50% vinegar (p<0,05).
Conclusions: Within the boundaries of this study, we conclude that 1% silver nitrate is a promising alternative disinfectant to 1% sodium hypochlorite and performs better compared to 0,12 % chlorhexidine gluconate, 50% and 100% vinegar.
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Binns R, Li W, Wu CD, Campbell S, Knoernschild K, Yang B. Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on
Candida albicans Biofilm
on Poly(methylmethacrylate) Resin. J Prosthodont 2020; 29:686-692. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Randold Binns
- Department of Restorative Dentistry College of Dentistry, UIC Chicago IL
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry College of Dentistry, UIC Chicago IL
| | - Christine D. Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry College of Dentistry, UIC Chicago IL
| | - Stephen Campbell
- Department of Restorative Dentistry College of Dentistry, UIC Chicago IL
| | - Kent Knoernschild
- Department of Restorative Dentistry College of Dentistry, UIC Chicago IL
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Restorative Dentistry College of Dentistry, UIC Chicago IL
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Liu Y, Hannig M. Vinegar inhibits the formation of oral biofilm in situ. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:167. [PMID: 32503624 PMCID: PMC7275295 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01153-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vinegar has been recognized as an effective antimicrobial agent for long. This study intended to elucidate the effect of commercially available vinegar on in situ pellicle formation and existing 24-h biofilms. Methods In situ biofilm formation took place on bovine enamel slabs mounted in individual splints and exposed intraorally over 3 min and 24 h, respectively. After 5 s rinsing with vinegar, all samples were analyzed via fluorescence microscopy (FM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, salivary samples were collected and analyzed via FM. Samples with water rinsing served as controls. Results Vinegar caused destruction of the pellicle. Compared to the control group, vinegar rinsing reduced the outer globular layer of the pellicle (p < 0.001), and resulted in formation of subsurface pellicle. Also, vinegar rinsing could reduce bacterial viability and disrupt the 24-h biofilm. Total bacteria amount of saliva samples decreased remarkably (p < 0.001) after vinegar rinsing within 30 min. Reduction of bacterial viability was observed even 120 min after vinegar rinsing in both biofilm and saliva sample (p < 0.001). Conclusion This in situ study reveals that rinsing with vinegar for only 5 s alters the pellicle layer resulting in subsurface pellicle formation. Furthermore, vinegar rinsing will destruct mature (24-h) biofilms, and significantly reduce the viability of planktonic microbes in saliva, thereby decreasing biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
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Quantitative Analysis of Selected Microorganisms Present at Various Sites in a Prosthetics Clinic and Dental Laboratory during Complete Denture Fabrication. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103345. [PMID: 32408512 PMCID: PMC7277632 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Contamination with oral commensals and pathogenic microorganisms, and cross contamination between clinic and laboratory can occur. The amount of contamination has not been determined. Methods: Samples from different clinical and laboratory stages before and after disinfection (17 sites, 10 samples per stage) were collected. Laboratory surfaces and equipment were swabbed for 10 days (11 sites). Swabs were cultured for total mixed flora, Streptococci, Lactobacilli, Staphylococcus aureus, aerobic Gram-negative bacteria (AGNB) and Candida. Knowledge of infection control among staff and students was assessed. Results: Clinic: In total, 30–40% of the samples overall were contaminated with mixed flora and Streptococci of >100 cfu/swab; >100 cfu of AGNB and Candida were present on 6% and 1% of samples; 2% contained <100 cfu of S. aureus. Laboratory: In total, 17–48% of the samples overall were contaminated with mixed flora and Streptococci of >100 cfu/swab; >100 cfu of AGNB were present on 11% of samples; none contained >100 cfu of Candida. Disinfection significantly reduced the level of all organisms. Knowledge of infection control was sufficient, but compliance was poor. Conclusion: Although the count of mixed flora was high, potential pathogens such as S. aureus and Candida were low. In immunocompromised patients, this can become a problem.
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Fouda SM, Gad MM, Ellakany P, Al-Thobity AM, Al-Harbi FA, Virtanen JI, Raustia A. The effect of nanodiamonds on candida albicans adhesion and surface characteristics of PMMA denture base material - an in vitro study. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e20180779. [PMID: 31691740 PMCID: PMC6831028 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the main causative pathogen of denture stomatitis, which affects many complete denture patients. Objective: To evaluate the effect of different concentrations of nanodiamonds (NDs) added to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base material on Candida albicans adhesion as well as on surface roughness and contact angle. Methodology: Acrylic resin specimens sized 10×10×3 mm3 were prepared and divided into four groups (n=30) according to ND concentration (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% by wt). Surface roughness was measured with a profilometer, and the contact angle with a goniometer. The effect of NDs on Candida albicans adhesion was evaluated using two methods: 1) slide count and 2) direct culture test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test were used in the statistical analyses. Results: Addition of NDs decreased the Candida albicans count significantly more than in the control group (p<0.05), with a lowest of 1% NDs. Addition of NDs also significantly decreased the surface roughness (p<0.05), but the contact angle remained the same. Incorporation of NDs into the PMMA denture base material effectively reduced Candida albicans adhesion and decreased surface roughness. Conclusion: PMMA/NDs composites could be valuable in the prevention of denture stomatitis, which is considered one of the most common clinical problems among removable denture wearers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M Fouda
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Passent Ellakany
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M Al-Thobity
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Al-Harbi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jorma I Virtanen
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Aune Raustia
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Hayran Y. Determination of the Effective Time of Denture Cleanser Tablets on the Removal of Candida Albicans on Denture Base Resins. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.566223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Effect of Disinfectants on Mechanical Properties of Orthodontic Acrylics. Int J Biomater 2019; 2019:1096208. [PMID: 31178912 PMCID: PMC6507238 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1096208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Infection control protocols in dentistry dictate that orthodontic acrylics have to be disinfected. No specific products for orthodontic acrylics are available. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of chemical disinfectants on mechanical properties of orthodontic acrylics. Materials and Methods 260 test specimens of two cold-curing orthodontic acrylics were manufactured. Three chemical disinfecting agents were tested: Impresept, D050 Instru-Gen, and Stammopur DR. Test specimens were stored in distilled water and divided into test groups. E-Modulus, flexural strength, macro hardness, micro hardness, average roughness, and colour change were measured. Results Disinfection agents showed no significant influence on E-modulus. Values ranged from 1783.80 ± 163.80 MPa (Forestacryl colourless) to 2474.00 ± 135.00 MPa (Orthocryl green) after storage in distilled water. Disinfection agents performed no significant influence on flexural strength. Values ranged from 18.64±1.59 N/mm2 (Forestacryl colourless) to 25.64 ± 1.43 N/mm2 (Orthocryl green) after storage in distilled water. Orthocryl colourless showed a reduction of the macro hardness after disinfection (Stammopur DR (p≤0.001), D050 Instru-Gen (p≤0.037)). Disinfection of Orthocryl green with D050 Instru-Gen (p<0.001) and Forestacryl colourless with Impresept (p≤0.001) led to a reduction of macro hardness. Micro hardness of Orthocryl colourless altered significantly after disinfection with D050 Instru-Gen (p≤0.001). Micro hardness of Forestacryl colourless increased (Impresept (p≤0.039)) and decreased (Stammopur DR (p≤0.006) Instru-Gen (p≤0.001)) after disinfection. Average roughness did not change significantly (Orthocryl colourless). Forestacryl colourless performed a significant change after disinfection with Stammopur DR (p≤0.05). This is also true for the disinfection of Orthocryl green and Forestacryl pink with Instru-Gen (p≤0.05). Disinfection performed no significant influence on colour change. ΔE-values were in a range of 1 to 2. Conclusions Some orthodontic acrylics disinfection caused significant changes of determined parameters. Changes were specific for the applied disinfectant and tested orthodontic acrylic. Further studies should verify the impact of long-term disinfection intervals. Thus, from manufacturers of orthodontic acrylics recommendations for appropriate disinfectants would be desirable.
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Soto AF, Mendes EM, Arthur RA, Negrini TDC, Lamers ML, Mengatto CM. Antimicrobial effect and cytotoxic activity of vinegar-hydrogen peroxide mixture: A possible alternative for denture disinfection. J Prosthet Dent 2019; 121:966.e1-966.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ghaffari T, Rad FH, Pirzadeh T, Asgari G. Comparison of the disinfectant effects of Nanosil D2 and Korsolex extra solutions on thermoset acrylic resin contaminated with Streptococcus mutans and Bacillus subtilis. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2019; 10:90-94. [PMID: 31041189 PMCID: PMC6474163 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_363_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the disinfectant effects of Nanosil D2 and Korsolex extra on thermoset acrylic resin contaminated with Streptococcus mutans and Bacillus subtilis. In this experimental study, 90 acrylic samples were made and sterilized. Two samples were cultured as a sterilization control in brain-heart infusion (BHI) and the rest of samples were divided into two groups. Samples of one group were placed in a bacterial suspension of S. mutans and the samples of another group were placed in a suspension containing B. subtilis. Each group was divided into two subgroups for immersion in Nanosil or Korsolex extra solutions. Seven samples were selected from each group at each of 30 min, 1 h, and 2 h and transferred to the BHI test tube, and their turbidity was evaluated after 24 h. SPSS 17 software was used to analyze the data, and the significance level of test was considered P < 0.05. At 1 h, Bacillus level of Nanosil D2 was significantly lower than that of Korsolex extra, and at all ½, 1, and 2 h, the level of Streptococcus in Nanosil D2 solution was significantly lower than that of Korsolex extra (P < 0.05). Bacillus and Streptococcus levels showed significant reduction in both solutions over time. The disinfecting power of Nanosil D2 is more than that of Korsolex extra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Ghaffari
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Hamedi Rad
- Dental Materials Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Tahereh Pirzadeh
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gahanbaksh Asgari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Darwish G, Huang S, Knoernschild K, Sukotjo C, Campbell S, Bishal AK, Barão VA, Wu CD, Taukodis CG, Yang B. Improving Polymethyl Methacrylate Resin Using a Novel Titanium Dioxide Coating. J Prosthodont 2019; 28:1011-1017. [PMID: 30720223 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to improve the surface characteristics of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by developing a novel, thin film coating process and to characterize the resulting coated surface. MATERIALS AND METHODS An atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique was developed to deposit a titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nano-thin film on PMMA. The surface wettability for both coated and uncoated PMMA was determined by measuring water contact angle. Wear resistance was assessed using a mechanical tooth-brushing device with a 50 g load for 6000 strokes after 5 months of water storage. A denture cleanser challenge test was performed by using sonication in 3.8% sodium perborate for 1 hour with aged specimens. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used before and after the brushing test and challenge test to analyze the PMMA surface chemical composition. The mechanical strength of coated and uncoated PMMA was measured using a three-point bending test. Surface microbial interactions were also evaluated by assessing Candida albicans biofilm attachment. RESULTS Nano-TiO2 coating (30 nm thick) was successfully deposited on PMMA at 65°C. After coating, water contact angle decreased from 70° to less than 5°. After brushing test, the coating remained intact. XPS analysis revealed no loss of TiO2 from coated specimens following brushing and denture cleanser sonication for 1 hour. There was no statistically significant difference in mechanical strength (MPa) (mean ± SD) between PMMA (139.4 ± 11.3) and TiO2 -PMMA (160.7 ± 37.1) (p = 0.0995). C. albicans attachment decreased by 63% to 77% on the coated PMMA surface. CONCLUSIONS ALD is a promising technique to modify surface properties of PMMA and resulted in a stable adherent thin film. By depositing a TiO2 coating, PMMA surface properties may lead to significantly reduced microorganism adhesion and easier pathogen removal from PMMA. For patients who wear dentures, reducing the oral microbial biofilm burden using a TiO2 -coated PMMA surface could positively impact their oral and systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaith Darwish
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL
| | - Su Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Kent Knoernschild
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL
| | - Cortino Sukotjo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL
| | - Stephen Campbell
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL
| | - Arghya Kamal Bishal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Valentim Adelino Barão
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Christine D Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL
| | - Christos G Taukodis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL
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Sequeira AL, Narayan AI, George VT. Effects of nonaldehyde immersion disinfection on the mechanical properties of flexible denture materials. J Prosthet Dent 2019; 121:843-847. [PMID: 30617033 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Variation in the baseline mechanical properties of polyamide thermoplastic polymers used in the fabrication of prosthetic dental appliances and the effects of nonaldehyde disinfectants on the mechanical properties of these polymers are unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the flexural and impact strengths of 2 flexible denture materials (Valplast and Sunflex) and evaluate the effect of 24-hour immersion in nonaldehyde disinfectant (Perform) on their flexural and impact strengths. MATERIAL AND METHODS Of 48 specimens of Valplast and Sunflex, half were immersed in nonaldehyde disinfectant solution containing the active ingredient 2% peroxymonosulfate for 24 hours. Flexural and impact strengths were measured using a universal testing machine. The Student t test with Bonferroni correction was used (α=.008). RESULTS For the Valplast group, the mean ±standard deviation flexural strength was 27.8 ±0.57 MPa, and the impact strength was 3.5 ±0.98 kJ/m2. For the Sunflex group, the mean flexural strength was 57.4 ±4.09 MPa, and the impact strength was 6.0 ±3.11 kJ/m2. Sunflex showed greater flexural strength (P≤.001) and impact strength (P=.001) than Valplast. A significant increase in the impact strength (P≤.001) but not in the flexural strength of Valplast was observed after exposure to the disinfectant solution. Immersion disinfection had no significant effect on the strength of Sunflex. CONCLUSIONS The flexural and impact strengths of Sunflex were significantly greater than those of Valplast. Immersion disinfection with peroxymonosulfate had no significant effect on Sunflex but increased the impact strength of Valplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Leo Sequeira
- Private practice, Axiss Dental, ITPL, Whitefield, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Aparna I Narayan
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Vinu Thomas George
- Associate Dean, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Tripathi P, Phukela SS, Yadav B, Malhotra P. An in vitro study to evaluate and compare the surface roughness in heat-cured denture-based resin and injection-molded resin system as affected by two commercially available denture cleansers. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2018; 18:291-298. [PMID: 30449956 PMCID: PMC6180744 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_335_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Denture hygiene is of utmost importance to maintain the dentures as well as the underlying tissues in appropriate health. Various denture cleansers as well as denture-based materials have evolved in the market; however, the effect of denture cleansers on different types of denture-based materials has not been very well documented. Aim: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the surface roughness in heat-cured denture-based resin and injection-molded resin system as affected by two commercially available denture cleansers for a period of 15, 30, and 45 days. Methodology: A standardized metal die was fabricated to make 120 denture-based resin discs of uniform dimensions. The samples of heat-cured denture-based resin and injection-molded thermoplastic denture-based resin were immersed in the two denture cleansing solutions for a period of 15, 30, and 45 days, respectively. The surface roughness was evaluated by surface profilometer TR200. The data were subjected to statistical analysis and the comparison of quantitative data was done using unpaired t-test and repeated-measures ANOVA test. Results: The surface roughness values (Ra) of heat cured denture base resin samples when immersed in two denture cleansers were 0.22 μm at 0 days, 0.27 and 0.29 μm at 15 days, 0.29 and 0.31 μm at 30 days, 0.30 and 0.31 μm at 45 days whereas for injection moulded samples surface roughness values were 1.31 & 1.27 μm at 0 days, 1.46 & 1.66 μm at 15 days, 1.50 & 1.69 μm at 30 days, and 1.50 & 1.69 μm at 45 days. Conclusion: The surface roughness (Ra) increased significantly in injection-molded polyamide denture-based resin samples when immersed in both the denture cleansers. Whereas, heat-cured denture-based resin samples did not reveal any significant surface changes at the various time intervals. Hence, the use of denture cleansers is questionable in thermoplastic resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Tripathi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Sumit Singh Phukela
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Bhupender Yadav
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Puja Malhotra
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
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Properties of an acrylic resin after immersion in antiseptic soaps: Low-cost, easy-access procedure for the prevention of denture stomatitis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203187. [PMID: 30161256 PMCID: PMC6117035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Denture stomatitis triggered by Candida species requires better preventive measures. This study evaluated the physical and biological properties of a denture base acrylic resin after immersion in antiseptic soaps. Acrylic resin specimens were prepared and stored in distinct solutions for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The solutions were as follows: DW: distilled water at 37°C (control group); DS: cycles of daily immersion in Dettol soap for 8 hours at room temperature, followed by immersion in distilled water for 16 hours at 37°C; PS: cycles of daily immersion in Protex soap, as described for the previous group; LS: cycles of daily immersion in Lifebuoy soap, as described for the DS group. The parameters evaluated at each time point were the following: biofilm formation capacity by Candida albicans and reduction of preformed fungal biofilms, cytotoxicity, surface roughness, hardness, and color change. For the fungal adhesion phase, the type of soap had a statistically significant effect (p = 0.0292), but after 24 hours, no differences were found between solutions or between storage times. Regarding the efficacy of biofilm reduction, there was a significant difference when the groups were compared to each other (p = 0.014). Dettol and Lifebuoy eliminated the preformed biofilm on the specimens. Moreover, all the soaps were classified as non-cytotoxic (on HaCaT cell line) because there was no difference in cell viability between the different groups, except after 21 days, when a decrease in cell viability occurred, regardless of the type of soap. Regarding the roughness, there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between the groups. Lifebuoy decreased resin hardness regardless of storage time (p = 0.003). After 21 and 28 days of storage, there was an increase in hardness value, regardless of the type of soap. The specimens’ color, according to the National Bureau of Standards values, ranged from 0.27 to 0.58 (i.e., imperceptible or mild color changes). In general, the disinfectant soaps were not able to prevent biofilm formation, but all the soaps were effective in reducing the preformed biofilm. In addition, all soaps were non-cytotoxic and did not change surface roughness, hardness (except Lifebuoy), and color (except Lifebuoy). Therefore, immersion in two antiseptic soaps (Protex and Dettol) may be a cheap and easy procedure for preventing denture stomatitis.
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Antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of denture base acrylic resin impregnated with cleaning agents after long-term immersion. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 52:8-13. [PMID: 29807097 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The coadjutant method for denture cleansing most used by denture wearers is immersion in chemical agents, which are toxic when in direct contact with cells. However, clinically, the contact between these chemical agents and prosthetic tissues does not occur directly, but rather with what remained impregnated into acrylic bases, even after rinsing the disinfected dentures. This study evaluated the antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of a denture acrylic resin after successive cycles of daily overnight immersion in 1% sodium hypochlorite (1%NaClO) and 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (2%CHX), simulating the periods of 9 months or 1.5 year. Microbiological and cytotoxic assays were performed, respectively, by broth microdilution method (Candida albicans or Staphylococcus aureus) and MTT assay. Chemical residues of 2%CHX impregnated into the denture acrylic resin had an antimicrobial effect on both immersion periods, which was not observed with those of 1%NaClO. However, residues of 2%CHX were severely cytotoxic to human gingival fibroblasts compared to those of 1%NaClO and acrylic resin (not submitted to the denture cleansers), which were slightly cytotoxic. Even at low concentrations recommended for overnight soaking of removable dentures, the chemical residues of CHX may result in some degree of toxicity to the denture-bearing mucosa after long-term daily immersion.
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Arruda CNF, Salles MM, Badaró MM, Sorgini DB, Oliveira VC, Macedo AP, Silva-Lovato CH, Paranhos HFO. Evaluation of biofilm removal and adverse effects on acrylic resin by diluted concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and Ricinus communis solutions. Gerodontology 2018; 35:246-253. [PMID: 29790590 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To verify whether 0.1% and 0.2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and 8% Ricinus communis (RC) were able to remove denture biofilm without causing deleterious effects to acrylic resin. BACKGROUND Previous data show that denture cleansers are effective in reducing biofilm; however, they can change acrylic resin properties. METHODS In a crossover trial, 47 denture wearers brushed and soaked their dentures (20 min/14 d): control, 0.85% saline; SH1, 0.1% NaOCl; SH2, 0.2% NaOCl and RC. Denture biofilm on the intaglio surface was stained, photographed and quantified (Image Tool® ). Furthermore, 80 rectangular and 80 disc-shaped specimens (Lucitone 550) were assigned into tested solutions (n = 20), simulating 5 years of daily short immersions (20 minutes). A colorimeter and the National Bureau of Standards units (NBS) determined colour data (ΔE). Surface roughness and flexural strength were measured using rugosimeter and universal testing machine, respectively. Data were compared by the Friedman test (α = .05) followed by Wilcoxon, corrected by Bonferroni (α = .005) (clinical) and Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Dunn test (α = .05) (laboratorial). RESULTS SH2 (MR=1.77) showed lower biofilm coverage; SH1 (MR = 2.37) and RC (MR = 2.74) presented intermediated values. RC (1.10 [0.96:1.75]) revealed higher colour alteration than SH1 (0.71 [0.62:0.80]) and SH2 (0.74 [0.58:0.85]); however, NBS classified all solutions as "trace" (0.0-0.5). There was no statistical significance for surface roughness (P = .760) and flexural strength (P = .547). CONCLUSIONS The 0.2% NaOCl showed the best clinical performance and did not cause adverse effects on acrylic resin on laboratory analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina N F Arruda
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcela M Salles
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maurício M Badaró
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Danilo B Sorgini
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Viviane C Oliveira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana P Macedo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Cláudia H Silva-Lovato
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Helena F O Paranhos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Walczak K, Thiele J, Geisler D, Boening K, Wieckiewicz M. Effect of Chemical Disinfection on Chitosan Coated PMMA and PETG Surfaces-An In Vitro Study. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E536. [PMID: 30966570 PMCID: PMC6415410 DOI: 10.3390/polym10050536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In oral sciences, chitosan application is of interest due to its antimicrobial and hemostatic activity. Chitosan coating of dentures and other intraoral devices could be beneficial for treatment of denture stomatitis or in the management of postoperative bleeding. Disinfection of dentures and prosthodontic materials is crucial before their use in patients. This study investigated the influence of chemical disinfectants on chitosan-coated surfaces. A total of 100 specimens were made: 50 of PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), and 50 of PETG (polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified) material and coated with 2% chitosan acetate solution. In each material, 5 groups (10 specimens each) were established and disinfected with Printosept-ID (L1), MD 520 (L2), Silosept (L3), or Dentavon (L4), or stored in distilled water (L0, control group). After disinfection, all specimens underwent abrasion tests (30,000 cycles in a tooth-brushing simulator). Areas without chitosan coating were measured by digital planimetry both before and after the disinfection/abrasion procedure and a damage-score was calculated. Regarding chitosan coating, the statistical analysis showed a significant influence of the disinfectants tested and significant differences between disinfectants (p < 0.05). Chitosan coating was most stable on PMMA and PETG after disinfection with MD 520 (L2). Otherwise, active oxygen containing disinfectants (L3, L4) led to the greatest alterations in the chitosan coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Walczak
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jessica Thiele
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Daniel Geisler
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Klaus Boening
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Mieszko Wieckiewicz
- Department of Experimental Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 26 Krakowska st., 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Hayran Y, Sarikaya I, Aydin A, Tekin YH. Determination of the effective anticandidal concentration of denture cleanser tablets on some denture base resins. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 26:e20170077. [PMID: 29364341 PMCID: PMC5777421 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Although the effectiveness of chemical cleansing against Candida albicans biofilm has been shown, the effective concentration of denture cleanser tablets has not been studied. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of three denture materials against Candida albicans biofilm and to determine effective concentrations of denture cleanser tablets. Material and methods The surface-roughness of Acron-hi™, QC-20™ and Deflex™ (n=45 per resin) resins was standardized by using a profilometer and their contact angle or surface free energy was calculated. C. albicans biofilm was formed on all three resins and were treated with Polident 3 min™, Corega™ and Fittydent™ cleanser solutions at various concentrations and both resin-biofilm and cleanser-biofilm interest were determined by using a MTT protocol according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing's antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST-EUCAST). Scanning electron microscopy was used to compare the efficacy of different resin materials against C. albicans biofilm. Anticandidal activity and surface free energy statistical parameters were calculated by using 3-way and 1-way ANOVA, respectively (p<0.05). Results Polident 3 min™ and Corega™ tablets significantly inhibited (p<0.05) the proliferation of C. albicans against all denture resins at 27-37 mg/mL. Scanning electron microscopy results indicated that there was no significant difference among resin specimens regarding biofilm formation on dentures. We failed to find a significant relationship between surface free energy and the anticandidal effect of resin types. However, the polarity value of the resins was statistically associated with their anticandidal activity. Conclusions The polarity of the resins, the concentrations of tablets and the chemical content of the cleanser may directly affect C. albicans biofilm formations. Polident 3 min™ and Corega™ tablets should be suggested for patients who use any denture resin types, whereas the Fittydent™ tablet should only be proposed for those who use Deflex™, when two tablets are dropped into 150 mL water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Hayran
- Gaziosmanpaşa University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Işıl Sarikaya
- Gaziosmanpaşa University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ali Aydin
- Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Yadel Hazır Tekin
- Gaziosmanpaşa University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Tokat, Turkey
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Heidrich D, Fortes CBB, Mallmann AT, Vargas CM, Arndt PB, Scroferneker ML. Rosemary, Castor Oils, and Propolis Extract: Activity Against Candida Albicans and Alterations on Properties of Dental Acrylic Resins. J Prosthodont 2018; 28:e863-e868. [PMID: 29322644 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the in vitro activity of 8% rosemary, 2% castor oils, and 12% propolis glycolic extract against Candida albicans, as well as the physical changes of properties in colorless and pink acrylic resins after immersion in these liquids. MATERIALS AND METHODS Colorimetric, roughness, and Knoop microhardness assays were evaluated in 25 specimens distributed into five groups (3 test groups and 2 control groups - distilled water and hypochlorite 1%), totaling five specimens per group for each acrylic resin (colorless and pink). The specimens were individually immersed for 30 minutes in 10 mL of these liquids, washed, and dried once a week. They were maintained in distilled water at 37°C between processes during all experiments. The analyses were performed before immersion and in the 4th and/or 12th month. In vitro, 18 acrylic resins were exposed to C. albicans and, after a process of 30 minutes in immersion in the five groups cited and oil vehicle control of vesicle (liquid Vaseline), the specimens were washed and incubated for 24 hours in 37°C. The growth was determined by colony counting. For comparisons between the groups in each trial and the disinfection test, paired Student's t-tests and ANOVA with post hoc Tukey were performed by the SPSS program, considering α = 0.05. RESULTS None of the liquids altered the microhardness, but all the natural compounds and 1% sodium hypochlorite (control) altered color and roughness after the 12th month of immersion in these agents. In the colorless specimens, 8% rosemary oil caused a color change similar to water, and less color and roughness alterations when compared to 2% castor oil and 1% sodium hypochlorite, respectively. There was no growth of yeast colonies after immersion in rosemary oil, propolis glycolic extract, and 1% sodium hypochlorite. CONCLUSION Eight percent rosemary oil has the potential to be used as an acrylic resin disinfectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Heidrich
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carmen Beatriz Borges Fortes
- Departament of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline Taís Mallmann
- Departament of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Machado Vargas
- Departament of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paula Borges Arndt
- Departament of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Scroferneker
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Sharma P, Garg S, Kalra NM. Effect of Denture Cleansers on Surface Roughness and Flexural Strength of Heat Cure Denture Base Resin-An In vitro Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZC94-ZC97. [PMID: 28969283 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/27307.10483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Denture cleansing is essential for maintaining the prosthesis and oral health, so choosing an appropriate cleanser which is not only efficient but also not adversely affects the properties of denture base resin itself with prolonged use is important. Hence, the present study was undertaken. AIM To evaluate the effect of different chemical cleansers on surface roughness and flexural strength of heat cure denture base resin when used daily for three months. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 rectangular specimens (65 mm x 10 mm x 2.5 mm) and 32 disc shaped specimens (10 mm x 2 mm) were fabricated from heat cure denture base resin (DPI Heat Cure) for evaluation of flexural strength and surface roughness respectively. The specimens not subjected to cleansing served as control whereas other specimens were subjected to daily cleansing with one of the three cleansers (1% sodium hypochlorite, fittydent tablets, 100% vinegar) daily and stored in distilled water for three months. Surface analyser (Surftest SJ-210, Mitutoyo, USA) was used to evaluate change in surface roughness of the specimens (ΔRa) before and after cleansing. Also, flexural strength (S) of specimens after cleansing was evaluated by subjecting the specimens to load of 50 kgf at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min in universal testing machine (INSTRON). Data obtained by testing was compiled and analysed using statistical software SPSS version 17.5. ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey's tests were used and p-value <0.05 was considered significant in all tests. RESULTS Results showed that the surface roughness of the specimens was significantly increased and flexural strength significantly decreased after immersion in 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for three months (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference were observed in flexural strength and surface roughness of the specimens cleaned with fittydent and 100% vinegar for three months (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it was concluded that immersion in 1% sodium hypochlorite solutions for three months influences the surface roughness and flexural strength of heat cure denture base resin; hence it should be used with caution when used for long period. Fittydent and 100% vinegar can be recommended as a routine chemical cleansing agent for long term use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabal Sharma
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Prosthodontics, MM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Garg
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, MM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Nidhi Mangtani Kalra
- Reader, Department of Prosthodontics, MM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
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Köroğlu A, Şahin O, Dede DÖ, Deniz ŞT, Karacan Sever N, Özkan S. Efficacy of denture cleaners on the surface roughness and Candida albicans adherence of sealant agent coupled denture base materials. Dent Mater J 2017; 35:810-816. [PMID: 27725519 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2016-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of denture cleansers on the surface roughness and Candida albicans adherence of surface sealant agent coupled denture base resins. One hundred and twenty specimens were fabricated from 2 polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) (Meliodent; Acron MC) and 1 polyamide (Deflex) denture base materials, coated with a sealant agent (Palaseal) and divided into 4 groups (n=10) according to overnight cleaning procedures: distilled water (control), 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and two different sodium perborate (Corega; Rapident). The surface roughness values were measured with a profilometer before (Ra0) and after 90 days immersion in denture cleaners (Ra1). Specimens were incubated with Candida albicans suspension and Candida colony- forming units (CFU) (Cfu/mm) were counted. Significant differences were found, between the Ra0 and Ra1 values of 5% NaOCl applied Acron MC, Deflex and also Rapident applied Deflex groups (p<0.05). Denture cleaning procedures had no significant effects on the quantitiy of Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Köroğlu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bulent Ecevit University
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