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Hou J, Yang S, Guo Y, Yan N, Jia S. FUS regulates the alternative splicing of cell proliferation genes related to atherosclerosis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1459-1468. [PMID: 37688506 PMCID: PMC10666725 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231187642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
FUS plays a significant role as an RNA-binding protein in several cellular processes, including RNA splicing, DNA repair, and transcriptional regulation. However, the RNA-binding capacity of FUS in atherosclerosis is unclear. We aimed to study the functions of FUS in inflammatory regulation through the role of the splicing factor. We knocked down FUS with siRNA to further study the overall transcriptional level and select alternative splicing (AS) of FUS regulation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by RNA sequencing. The results suggested that the knockdown of FUS significantly affected gene expression in HUVECs. In addition, the knockdown of FUS resulted in 200 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were highly related to apoptotic process, signal transduction, multicellular organism development, cell adhesion and regulation of transcription, and DNA-templated pathways. Importantly, FUS extensively regulated 2870 AS events with a significant difference. Functional analysis of its modulated AS genes revealed they were highly enriched in cell cycle and cell population proliferation pathways. The qRT-PCR and RNA-seq data showed consistent results. Our findings suggested new knowledge of the mechanisms of FUS associated with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Hou
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Shaobing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Shaobin Jia
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, China
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Shimai R, Hanafusa K, Nakayama H, Oshima E, Kato M, Kano K, Matsuo I, Miyazaki T, Tokano T, Hirabayashi Y, Iwabuchi K, Minamino T. Lysophosphatidylglucoside/GPR55 signaling promotes foam cell formation in human M2c macrophages. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12740. [PMID: 37544935 PMCID: PMC10404585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of cerebral and cardiovascular diseases. Intravascular plaques, a well-known pathological finding of atherosclerosis, have a necrotic core composed of macrophages and dead cells. Intraplaque macrophages, which are classified into various subtypes, play key roles in maintenance of normal cellular microenvironment. Excessive uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein causes conversion of macrophages to foam cells, and consequent progression/exacerbation of atherosclerosis. G-protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) signaling has been reported to associate with atherosclerosis progression. We demonstrated recently that lysophosphatidylglucoside (lysoPtdGlc) is a specific ligand of GPR55, although in general physiological ligands of GPR55 are poorly understood. Phosphatidylglucoside is expressed on human monocytes and can be converted to lysoPtdGlc. In the present study, we examined possible involvement of lysoPtdGlc/GPR55 signaling in foam cell formation. In monocyte-derived M2c macrophages, lysoPtdGlc/GPR55 signaling inhibited translocation of ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 to plasma membrane, and cholesterol efflux. Such inhibitory effect was reversed by GPR55 antagonist ML193. LysoPtdGlc/GPR55 signaling in M2c macrophages was involved in excessive lipid accumulation, thereby promoting foam cell formation. Our findings suggest that lysoPtdGlc/GPR55 signaling is a potential therapeutic target for inhibition of atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Shimai
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Kei Hanafusa
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakayama
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
- Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, 2-5-1 Takasu, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Eriko Oshima
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Masaki Kato
- Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Koki Kano
- Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Ichiro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Miyazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takashi Tokano
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan.
- Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, 2-5-1 Takasu, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan.
- Preparation Office for Establishment of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Juntendo University, 6-8-1 Hinode , Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0013, Japan.
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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Kumar VS. Parainfectious cerebral vasculopathy complicating bacterial meningitis: Acute-short lived vasospasm followed by delayed-long lasting vasculitis. Brain Circ 2023; 9:135-147. [PMID: 38020954 PMCID: PMC10679625 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_95_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis is a serious, life-threatening infection of the meninges. Several radiological studies highlight prominent structural alterations occurring in the cerebral vasculature, leading to significant cerebrovascular consequences during bacterial meningitis. Beginning with reflexive arterial vasospasm , cerebrovascular disease during bacterial meningitis proceeds through a orderly sequence of arterial vasculitis with inflammatory cell infiltration, medial smooth muscle migration and proliferation, medial necrosis, adventitial fibrosis and eventual intimal stenosis. As such, this review focuses on changes occurring within cerebral arteries during disease progression, highlighting the various structural modifications occurring in the arterial vessels that contribute to disturbances in cerebral hemodynamics and, ultimately, cerebrovascular consequences during bacterial meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivig Shantha Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Wu X, Pan J, Yu JJ, Kang J, Hou S, Cheng M, Xu L, Gong L, Li Y. DiDang decoction improves mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism via the HIF-1 signaling pathway to treat atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116289. [PMID: 36822344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE DiDang Decoction (DDD) is a traditional classical prescription that has been used to treat atherosclerosis (AS) and hyperlipidemia (HLP) in China. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism of DDD remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To validate the mechanism of DDD in AS and HLP based on network pharmacology and in vitro experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical components of DDD were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) database and literature mining, and the disease targets of AS and HLP were obtained from the Gencards, OMIM, and DisGeNET databases. The intersection genes were imported into the STRING database to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and the DAVID database was used for gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Combined with the results of KEGG pathway analysis, the HIF-1 signaling pathway was selected for further in vitro experiments. RESULTS The results showed that network pharmacology predicted 112 targets related to DDD treatment of AS and HLP, and the top 10 related pathways are: Lipid and atherosclerosis, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, Chemical carcinogenesis - receptor activation, Pathways in cancer, Proteoglycans in cancer, Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, HIF-1 signaling pathway, Alcoholic liver disease, PPAR signaling pathway, and Coronavirus disease-COVID-19. In vitro experiments showed that DDD effectively reduced lipid accumulation in FFA-treated L02 cells; DDD attenuated mitochondrial damage and reduced ROS content; DDD inhibited ferroptosis and apoptosis; DDD up-regulated the expression of HIF-1α, Glutathione Peroxidase 4(GPX4), and Bcl2 proteins, and down-regulated expression of Bax protein. CONCLUSION DDD exerts therapeutic effects on AS and HLP through multiple targets and pathways, and improves mitochondrial function, reduces ROS content, inhibits ferroptosis and apoptosis by activating the HIF-1 signaling pathway, which provides reliable theoretical and experimental support for DDD treatment of AS and HLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xize Wu
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Jiaxiang Pan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Jj Jiajia Yu
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Jian Kang
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Siyi Hou
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Geriatric Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Meijia Cheng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Cardiology, 924 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Guilin, 541002, China.
| | - Lihong Gong
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Geriatric Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Yue Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Geriatric Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Shenyang, 110032, China.
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Horbal SR, Brown E, Derstine BA, Zhang P, Bidulescu A, Sullivan JA, Ross BE, Su GL, Holcombe SA, Wang SC. A correction score to compare aortic calcification in contrast enhanced and non-contrast measurements from computed tomography scans. Clin Imaging 2021; 83:51-55. [PMID: 34954502 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic wall calcification shows strong promise as a cardiovascular risk factor. While useful for visual enhancement of vascular tissue, enhancement creates heterogeneity between scans with and without contrast. We evaluated the relationship between aortic calcification in routine abdominal computed tomography scans (CT) with and without contrast. METHODS Inclusion was limited to those with abdominal CT-scans with and without contrast enhancement within 120 days. Analytic Morphomics, a semi-automated computational image processing system, was used to provide standardized, granular, anatomically indexed measurements of aortic wall calcification from abdominal CT-scans. Aortic calcification area (ACA) and aortic wall calcification percent (ACP) and were the outcomes of interest. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship of aortic measurements. Models were further controlled for age and sex. Stratification of measurements by vertebral level was also performed. RESULTS A positive association was observed for non-contrast calcification in ACP β 0.74 (95% CI 0.72, 0.76) and ACA β 0.44 (95% 0.43, 0.45). Stratified results demonstrated the highest coefficient of determination at L2 for percent and L3 for area models [R2 0.91 (ACP) 0.74 (ACA)]. Adjusted lumber-level associations between non-contrast and contrast measurements ranged from (β 0.69-0.82) in ACP and (β 0.37-0.54) in ACA. CONCLUSION A straightforward correction score for comparison of abdominal aortic calcification measurements in contrast-enhanced and non-contrast scans is discussed. Correction of aortic calcification from CT scans can reduce scan heterogeneity and will be instrumental in creating larger cardiovascular cohorts as well as cardiovascular risk surveillance programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Horbal
- Morphomic Analysis Group, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Edward Brown
- Morphomic Analysis Group, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Brian A Derstine
- Morphomic Analysis Group, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Morphomic Analysis Group, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | | | - June A Sullivan
- Morphomic Analysis Group, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Brian E Ross
- Morphomic Analysis Group, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Grace L Su
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Sven A Holcombe
- Morphomic Analysis Group, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Stewart C Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, attenuates apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells and reduces atherosclerosis in diabetic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 140:106854. [PMID: 33781961 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4) Inhibitor, has been found to have an anti-atherosclerotic effect. Since apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to the occurrence of diabetic atherosclerosis. This study aimed to examine whether sitagliptin suppresses the atherosclerosis progression to hyperglycemia in a low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model, and then investigated the effect of sitagliptin on VSMCs apoptosis and its underlying mechanism. In vivo studies, eight-week-old low-dose STZ-induced diabetic apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient (apoE-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet were administered a DPP-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, 200 mg/kg/day, or Lantus insulin by daily subcutaneous injection of 1 unit/mouse over a period of 12 weeks. Aortic atherosclerosis and apoptosis in the plaque were determined using dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and immunohistochemistry. In vitro studies utilized the VSMCs for determination of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) and DPP-4 expression and flow cytometry and Western blotting were used to determine apoptosis and protein expression, respectively. Sitagliptin significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion area (7.00 ± 0.13 vs. 12.80 ± 2.7%, p = 0.003) and suppressed vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis (2.30 ± 1.34 vs. 4.8 ± 1.93%, p = 0.003) compared with vehicle treatment. In addition, sitagliptin significantly increased the expression of β-catenin in the aortic tissue(0.56 ± 0.13 vs.0.17 ± 0.02, p = 0.008)compared with vehicle treatment. In cultured mouse VSMCs, sitagliptin enhanced GLP-1 activity significantly retarded oxidative stress (H2O2)-induced apoptosis compared with GLP-1 or sitagliptin alone. Sitagliptin increased GLP-1-induced cytosolic levels of β-catenin compared with GLP-1 alone, resulted in increasing the expression of survivin, and suppressed proinflammatory cytokines, i.e., interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α), production in response to H2O2. In conclusion, these results indicated that the anti-atherosclerotic effect of sitagliptin is mediated, at least in part, by its inhibition of VSMCs apoptosis.
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Al Dubayee M, Alshahrani A, Aljada D, Zahra M, Alotaibi A, Ababtain I, Alnaim M, Alahmari A, Aljarallah A, Elahi MA, Fakhoury HMA. Gene Expression Profiling of Apoptotic Proteins in Circulating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Modulation by Metformin. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1129-1139. [PMID: 33758522 PMCID: PMC7979348 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s300048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with cardiovascular complications such as atherosclerosis. On the other hand, the reduction of apoptosis in macrophages has been linked with accelerated atherosclerosis. Apoptosis is controlled by a different family of proteins including Bcl-2 and caspases. METHODS To examine apoptosis in insulin resistance, we assessed the mRNA expression by qRT-PCR of several Bcl-2 family members, as well as caspase-3, -7, -8, and -9 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from lean, obese, diabetic, and diabetic on metformin individuals. RESULTS PBMCs of diabetic individuals exhibited reduced expression of caspase-7 and increased expression of Bcl-10, Bad, Bax, Bid, and caspase-3. T2DM on metformin group had significantly higher Bad, Bax, and caspase-7 expression. DISCUSSION The moderate up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bcl-10, Bax, Bad, Bid, and the effector caspase-3 coupled with inhibition of caspase-7 in circulating PBMCs of T2DM could be the result of increased inflammation in T2DM. Metformin treatment significantly inhibited the expression of Bcl-10, Bid, and caspase-3 and upregulated Bad/Bax/caspase-7 pathway suggesting the activation of Bad/Bax/caspase-7 apoptotic pathway. Further studies are warranted to elicit the underlying apoptotic pathways of PBMCs in T2DM and following metformin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al Dubayee
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Mohammed Al Dubayee College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaTel +966 11 801 1111 ext: 53551 Email
| | - Awad Alshahrani
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dana Aljada
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Mahmoud Zahra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alotaibi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Ababtain
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malik Alnaim
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alahmari
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Aljarallah
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Affan Elahi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana M A Fakhoury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang Y, Lin F, Yan Z, Chen Z, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Zhao G. Salidroside downregulates microRNA‑133a and inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis induced by oxidized low‑density lipoprotein. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1433-1442. [PMID: 32945356 PMCID: PMC7447316 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cell apoptosis is regulated by microRNA-133a (miR-133a), which participates in the formation of atherosclerotic (AS) plaques, leading to the development of several cardiovascular diseases. Salidroside (SAL), the main component of Rhodiola, is considered to exert anti-AS effect; however, its mode of action remains unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to determine whether SAL inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis through the miR-133a pathway. Cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) were exposed to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Cell viability and cytotoxicity were monitored by MTT assay. In parallel, the mRNA expression levels of miR-133a and Bcl-xL, and the protein levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL and activated caspase-3 were measured. The apoptotic levels were examined by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the effects of silencing and overexpressing miR-133a on the parameters mentioned above were evaluated. Exposure to ox-LDL induced an increase in the expression of miR-133a, with a concomitant decrease in the level of Bcl-xL in the HCAECs; these effects were reversed by treatment with SAL. Importantly, the effects of SAL were impaired upon the silencing of miR-133a, whereas the overexpression of miR-133a partly restored the effects of SAL. On the whole, the findings of the present study demonstrate that SAL inhibits the ox-LDL-induced upregulation of miR-133a expression, while promoting the expression of Bcl-xL, thereby preventing endothelial cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Engineering Research Center for Mitochondrion Biomedical of Heart, Heart Center, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Fei Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Engineering Research Center for Mitochondrion Biomedical of Heart, Heart Center, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Engineering Research Center for Mitochondrion Biomedical of Heart, Heart Center, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Engineering Research Center for Mitochondrion Biomedical of Heart, Heart Center, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Yingen Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Engineering Research Center for Mitochondrion Biomedical of Heart, Heart Center, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Engineering Research Center for Mitochondrion Biomedical of Heart, Heart Center, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Guoan Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Engineering Research Center for Mitochondrion Biomedical of Heart, Heart Center, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, P.R. China
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Brewster LM, Garcia VP, Levy MV, Stockelman KA, Goulding A, DeSouza NM, Greiner JJ, Hijmans JG, DeSouza CA. Endothelin-1-induced endothelial microvesicles impair endothelial cell function. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1497-1505. [PMID: 32324474 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00816.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1)-generated endothelial microvesicles (EMVs) on endothelial cell inflammation, apoptosis, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with ET-1 for 24 h. EMVs released into the supernatant from cells treated with ET-1 or vehicle were isolated and quantified. EMV release was higher (P < 0.05) in cells treated with ET-1 compared with control (95 ± 15 vs. 54 ± 5 EMV/µL). Fresh HUVECs were then treated with either ET-1, ET-1-induced EMVs, or control EMVs for 24 h. ET-1-generated EMVs induced significantly higher release of IL-6 (181.0 ± 16.0 vs. 132.1 ± 8.1 pg/mL) and IL-8 (303.4 ± 37.4 vs. 211.8 ± 10.0 pg/mL), as well as greater total NF-κB p65 (76.0 ± 7.6 vs. 57.1 ± 2.1 AU) and active NF-κB p65 (Ser-536) (11.6 ± 0.9 vs. 6.8 ± 1.0 AU) expression than control EMVs. There were no significant differences in expression of caspase-9 (230.1 ± 24.3 vs. 243.6 ± 22.3 AU), caspase-3 (271.9 ± 22.7 vs. 265.1 ± 30.5 AU), and active caspase-3 (4.4 ± 0.4 vs. 4.3 ± 0.1 AU) in cells treated with ET-1-EMVs versus control EMVs. Total eNOS (108.4 ± 11.4 vs. 158.8 ± 1.6 AU) and activated eNOS (4.7 ± 0.5 vs. 9.6 ± 1.4 AU) were significantly lower in endothelial cells treated with ET-1-generated EMVs compared with control EMVs. The effects of ET-1-generated EMVs on cellular markers and mediators of endothelial inflammation, as well as eNOS function, was comparable to the effects of ET-1. In summary, ET-1 induces an EMV phenotype that adversely affects endothelial cell function. ET-1-generated EMVs may contribute to the atherogenic effect of ET-1.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide released by the endothelium that contributes to the regulation of vascular tone. Overexpression of ET-1 has been implicated in the etiology of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Endothelial cell-derived microvesicles (EMVs) play a pivotal role in vascular health and disease. Their functional phenotype is largely dictated by the stimulus for release. EMVs released in response to various pathological conditions have been shown to elicit deleterious vascular effects. In the present study, we determined, in vitro, the effect of ET-1 on EMV release from endothelial cells and the effects of ET-1-generated EMVs on endothelial cell inflammation, apoptosis, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). ET-1 induced a marked increase in EMV release. ET-1-generated EMVs significantly increased endothelial cell inflammation and reduced eNOS protein expression and activation. Moreover, the endothelial effects of ET-1-derived EMVs were similar to the direct effects of ET-1. ET-1-generated EMVs may contribute to the proatherogenic profile of ET-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Madden Brewster
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Vinicius P Garcia
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Ma'ayan V Levy
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Kelly A Stockelman
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Anabel Goulding
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Noah M DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Jared J Greiner
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Jamie G Hijmans
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Christopher A DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
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Lin Z, Jiang Y, Yang P, Sun L, Lu D. A frog antioxidant peptide protects against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. ALL LIFE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2019.1699171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Lin
- Department of Cardiology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongliang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Yang
- Technology Transfer Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Lu
- Technology Transfer Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Etosis, rather than apoptosis or cell proliferation, typifies thrombus progression - An immunohistochemical study of coronary aspirates. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2019; 26:100439. [PMID: 32140545 PMCID: PMC7046519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2019.100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Coronary thrombosis is a process with unpredictable clinical outcome. Changes of thrombus composition overtime influence tissue repair and stabilization. We investigated rates of cell deaths and cell proliferation at different time points after initiation of thrombosis. Methods Thrombectomy aspirates of 55 myocardial infarction patients were selected and histomorphologically classified as fresh (25), lytic (25), partially fibrocellular (10), completely fibrocellular (10). Paraffin sections were immunostained with anti-(cleaved) caspase-3/Casp3 (apoptosis), Citrullinated histone/CitH 3 (etosis), C-reactive protein/CRP and Ki67 (proliferation) in combination with either Feulgen counterstaining (DNA) or cell markers for granulocytes, macrophages, SMCs, platelets and endothelium. Rates of apoptosis, etosis and proliferation were measured as a percentage of total number of immunopositive pixels versus total number of DNA positive pixels, while co-localization with cell markers was assessed by digital image analysis. Results Positive staining of CitH3 was observed more frequently (93%) than Casp3 (70%), Ki67 (79%) or CRP (59%) (p < 0.05). Moreover, rate of etosis, found in granulocytes and macrophages, differed significantly among thrombi of different age, being higher in lytic (12.82) than in fresh (8.52) and late-organized (2.75) (p < 0.05). Such differences were not observed for the rates of apoptosis or cell proliferation related to thrombus age. CRP staining was present in fresh, lytic and organized thrombi, but did not reliably identify necrotic areas. Conclusions Different patterns of cell death and cell proliferation are noticed during progression of coronary thrombus overtime, but with significant differences for only etosis. Etosis could potentially serve as a biomarker for thrombus instability with clinical significance.
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Tsukahara R, Haniu H, Matsuda Y, Tsukahara T. The AGP-PPARγ axis promotes oxidative stress and diabetic endothelial cell dysfunction. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 473:100-113. [PMID: 29355589 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alkyl-glycerophosphate (AGP) accumulates in atherogenic oxidized-LDL and human atherosclerotic plaques and is a potent agonist of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ). Recent studies suggest a potential regulatory role for PPARγ in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression/activation and nitrogen oxide (NO) generation in the vascular endothelium. Importantly, eNOS-induced NO and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are involved in blood-vessel damage, and diabetic patients exhibit high serum NO and AGE levels; however, the effect of AGP on NO- and AGE-mediated endothelium dysfunction remains unknown. Investigation of the AGP-specific effects on NO- and AGE-mediated dysfunction and the underlying molecular mechanisms revealed that AGP upregulated eNOS expression and NO production, and that eNOS silencing and PPARγ antagonism inhibited AGP-mediated eNOS upregulation and NO production. Moreover, AGP-PPARγ-axis-mediated NO production promoted the generation of reactive oxygen species and AGE formation. These results suggested that AGP plays a significant role in the initiation/progression of diabetes-related atherosclerosis through PPARγ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Tsukahara
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuda
- Clinical Pharmacology Educational Center, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina-machi, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tsukahara
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
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13
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Zhong X, Li P, Li J, He R, Cheng G, Li Y. Downregulation of microRNA‑34a inhibits oxidized low‑density lipoprotein‑induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1134-1144. [PMID: 29750293 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized low‑density lipoprotein (ox‑LDL) promotes endothelial cell dysfunction, which is a primary risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. A previous study reported that microRNA (miRNA/miR)‑34a is upregulated in atherosclerotic samples. However, its function and underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, miRNA microarray analysis was performed to investigate the miRNA expression profile in atherosclerotic plaque tissues and examine the role of miR‑34a in ox‑LDL‑induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cell viability, apoptosis and protein expression was determined by a cell counting kit‑8 assay, flow cytometry and western blot analysis, respectively. It was observed that miR‑34a was upregulated in atherosclerotic plaque tissues and that ox‑LDL treatment significantly increased the levels of miR‑34a in a dose‑dependent manner in the HUVECs. The knockdown of miR‑34a increased the protein expression of B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) and cell viability, improved mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreased the activity of caspase‑3, number of apoptotic cells and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria in the ox‑LDL‑treated HUVECs. The results also demonstrated that the knockdown of miR‑34a suppressed the levels of ox‑LDL‑induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HUVECs. Additionally, it was found that Bcl‑2 was a target of miR‑34a in HUVECs, and that silencing Bcl‑2 abrogated the protective effects of the downregulation of miR‑34a on ox‑LDL‑induced apoptosis. These data indicated that the knockdown of miR‑34a protected against ox‑LDL apoptosis and ROS in HUVECs via inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, suggesting it may offer potential as a biomarker in the clinical diagnosis and as a target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Ruili He
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Guanchang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
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Maagdenberg CG, de Boer OJ, Li X, Mackaay C, Niessen HW, de Winter RJ, Van der Wal AC. Time dependent apoptotic rates in the evolving coronary thrombus mass of myocardial infarction patients. Thromb Res 2016; 145:12-7. [PMID: 27423322 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the rate of apoptotic cell death in the process of thrombus evolution after plaque rupture in myocardial infarction. METHODS Paraffin embedded thrombosuction aspirates of 63 patients were stained with haematoxylin & eosin (H&E) to assess histologically the age of the thrombi: fresh (intact blood cells; <1day old), lytic (necrosis; 1-5days old) or organized (ingrowth of cells; >5days old). Presence of plaque constituents (atheroma including foam cells, cholesterol crystals calcifications and fibrous cap tissue) was also recorded. Immunohistochemical (double) stains with anti-caspase-3-antibody were used to visualize apoptosis and the cells involved. For the latter caspase-3 antibody was combined with cell-specific markers MPO (granulocytes), CD68 (macrophages), CD34 (endothelial cells), SMA-1 (smooth muscle cells) and a Feulgen stain (DNA). Second, the rate of apoptosis was evaluated in relation to the age of the thrombi. Platelet apoptosis was further evaluated with the use of TEM. RESULTS From a total of 63 aspirates, plaque constituents were found in 33 of the aspirates, and in 15 of them lipid rich plaque tissue was the sole component. Age classification of all thrombus containing aspirates (n=48) resulted in 12 fresh (25%), 18 lytic (37.5%) and 18 organized (37.5%) thrombi. Apoptosis was more extensive in lytic thrombi than in fresh or organized thrombi (P<0.0001). Plaque-containing aspirates showed more apoptosis than aspirates without plaque (P<0.05). Immuno staining with caspase-3 antibody in combination with cell-specific markers showed that apoptosis was most extensive in MPO+ granulocytes. Caspase-3-positive platelets (CD61+ anucleate particles) were most abundant in lytic thrombi. Apoptosis in platelets was confirmed by ultrastructure. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated a significant association between thrombus age and occurrence of apoptosis of granulocytes and also platelets, with highest rates in (fragile) lytic thrombi. We propose that apoptotic cell death in athero thrombosis could potentially serve as a biomarker for thrombus instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlijn G Maagdenberg
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Onno J de Boer
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claire Mackaay
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans W Niessen
- VU Medical Center, Department of Pathology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert J de Winter
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Allard C Van der Wal
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Kun L, Ying L, Lei W, Jianhua Z, Yongbo X, Tao W, Jinyuan T, Haibo C. Dysregulated apoptosis of the venous wall in chronic venous disease and portal hypertension. Phlebology 2016; 31:729-736. [PMID: 26447135 DOI: 10.1177/0268355515610237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The etiology of varicose veins remains elusive. We hypothesized that abnormal cell cycle events in the vein wall may contribute to changes in the structural integrity, thus predisposing to the development of varicosities. The present study was designed to determine whether or not the same molecular apoptotic pathway exists between great saphenous and splenic veins. Methods Thirty-six samples of diseased splenic veins and varicose great saphenous veins were collected. Twenty-five samples of control splenic and great saphenous veins were also collected. The apoptotic cell proteins expression was immunohistochemically stained with antibodies (anti-Bax and anti-Bcl-xl). Apoptosis was evaluated by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay and immunofluorescence staining. The morphology of apoptotic cells was observed with an electron microscope. Results The apoptotic ratio in walls (intima and media) of diseased splenic vein and varicose great saphenous vein groups were significantly lower than the corresponding regions in the splenic vein and great saphenous vein groups ( p < 0.01), respectively. A significant difference was not noted in the ratio change of apoptotic cells between the diseased splenic vein and varicose great saphenous vein groups ( p > 0.05). The high positive expression of Bcl-xl proteins was detected in the diseased splenic vein and varicose great saphenous vein groups, respectively. While the high positive expression of Bax proteins was also observed in the splenic vein and great saphenous vein groups, respectively. Electron microscopic observations confirmed that endothelial and smooth muscle cells in diseased splenic vein, varicose great saphenous vein, splenic vein, and great saphenous vein walls exhibited apoptotic morphologic features, such as fuzzy mitochondrial cristae, medullary changes, and margination of the nuclear chromatin. Conclusions Our results showed the same dysregulation of apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway in diseased splenic veins and varicose great saphenous veins. This observational study suggests that apoptotic down-regulation in the veins wall is a cause of diseased splenic veins and varicose great saphenous veins, but does not exclude the possibility that other mechanisms are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Kun
- Department of General Surgery, 89th Hospital of PLA, Weifang, China
| | - Li Ying
- Department of General Surgery, 89th Hospital of PLA, Weifang, China
| | - Wang Lei
- Department of Postgraduate, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Zhao Jianhua
- Department of General Surgery, 89th Hospital of PLA, Weifang, China
| | - Xu Yongbo
- Department of General Surgery, 89th Hospital of PLA, Weifang, China
| | - Wang Tao
- Department of Pathology, 89th Hospital of PLA, Weifang, China
| | - Tang Jinyuan
- Department of General Surgery, 89th Hospital of PLA, Weifang, China
| | - Chu Haibo
- Department of General Surgery, 89th Hospital of PLA, Weifang, China
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Lactobacillus acidophilus Increases the Anti-apoptotic Micro RNA-21 and Decreases the Pro-inflammatory Micro RNA-155 in the LPS-Treated Human Endothelial Cells. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2016; 8:61-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-016-9214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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17
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Li Y, Kanellakis P, Hosseini H, Cao A, Deswaerte V, Tipping P, Toh BH, Bobik A, Kyaw T. A CD1d-dependent lipid antagonist to NKT cells ameliorates atherosclerosis in ApoE −/−mice by reducing lesion necrosis and inflammation. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 109:305-317. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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18
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Isaak CK, Petkau JC, O K, Debnath SC, Siow YL. Manitoba Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) Bioactivities in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:5660-5669. [PMID: 26024018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Evidence for the efficacy of dietary interventions in protecting against cardiovascular disease has grown significantly, with flavonoids and anthocyanins receiving special attention. Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) is a good source of these compounds, and this study examined the protective effects of wild lingonberry found in Manitoba, Canada, against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Manitoba lingonberry contained 3793 ± 27 mg gallic acid equiv, 120,501 ± 7651 μmol trolox equiv, and 575 ± 20 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equiv per 100 g dry weight, which correspond with high total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and anthocyanin content, respectively. A complete methanolic extract and both anthocyanin-rich and phenolic-rich fractions inhibited apoptosis in H9c2 cells during simulated IR. Lingonberry extract and fractions significantly inhibited several markers of apoptosis induced by IR, including nuclei condensation, caspase-3 activation, and MAP kinase signaling. These results provide the first analysis of Manitoba lingonberry and highlight the mechanistic importance of dietary berry compounds for cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara K Isaak
- §Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, 432 Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0J9
| | | | - Karmin O
- §Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, 432 Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0J9
- ⊗Animal Science, University of Manitoba, 201-12 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Samir C Debnath
- ⊥Atlantic Cool Climate Crop Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1E 0B2
| | - Yaw L Siow
- §Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, 432 Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0J9
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Wang P, Xu TY, Guan YF, Zhao Y, Li ZY, Lan XH, Wang X, Yang PY, Kang ZM, Vanhoutte PM, Miao CY. Vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis is an early trigger for hypothyroid atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 102:448-59. [PMID: 24604622 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Endothelial dysfunction is an initial and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis, a later step of atherosclerosis. Hypothyroidism accelerates atherosclerosis. However, the early events responsible for this pro-atherosclerotic effect are unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats were resistant to induction of atherosclerosis by high cholesterol diet alone, but became susceptible in hypothyroid state achieved by administration of propylthiouracil (PTU) for 6 weeks. VSMC dysfunction and apoptosis were obvious within 1 week after PTU treatment, without signs of endothelial dysfunction. This early VSMC damage was caused by hypothyroidism but not the high cholesterol diet. In ApoE knockout mice, PTU-induced hypothyroidism triggered early VSMC apoptosis, increased oxidative stress, and accelerated atherosclerosis development. Thyroid hormone supplementation (T4, 10, or 50 μg/kg) prevented atherogenic phenotypes in hypothyroid rats and mice. In rats, thyroidectomy caused severe hypothyroidism 5 days after operation, which also led to rapid VSMC dysfunction and apoptosis. In vitro studies did not show a direct toxic effect of PTU on VSMCs. In contrast, thyroid hormone (T3, 0.75 μg/L plus T4, 50 nmol/L) exerted a direct protection against VSMC apoptosis, which was reduced by knockdown of TRα1, rather than TRβ1 and TRβ2 receptors. TRα1-mediated inhibition of apoptotic signalling of JNKs and caspase-3 contributed to the anti-apoptotic action of thyroid hormone. CONCLUSION These findings provide an in vivo example for VSMC apoptosis as an early trigger of hypothyroidism-associated atherosclerosis, and reveal activation of TRα1 receptors to prevent VSMC apoptosis as a therapeutic strategy in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Feng Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Lan
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Min Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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20
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Dol-Gleizes F, Delesque-Touchard N, Marès AM, Nestor AL, Schaeffer P, Bono F. A new synthetic FGF receptor antagonist inhibits arteriosclerosis in a mouse vein graft model and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80027. [PMID: 24224032 PMCID: PMC3817113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The role of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) in the development of vascular diseases remains incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of a new small-molecule multi-FGF receptor blocker with allosteric properties, SSR128129E, on neointimal proliferation after a vein graft procedure in mice and on the development of atherosclerosis in atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice. Methods and Results Vein grafts were performed in 3 month-old male C57BL6 mice. Segments of the vena cava were interposed at the level of the carotid artery. In SSR128129E (50 mg/kg/d)-treated animals, a dramatic decrease in neointimal proliferation was observed 2 and 8 weeks after the graft (72.5 %, p<0.01, and 47.8 %, p<0.05, respectively). Four-week old male apoE-deficient mice were treated with SSR128129E (50 mg/kg/d) for 3 and 5 months in comparison with a control group. SSR128129E treatment resulted in a reduction of lesion size in the aortic sinus (16.4 % (ns) at 3 months and 42.9 % (p<0.01) at 5 months, without any change in serum lipids. SSR128129 significantly reduced FGFR2 mRNA levels in the aortic sinus (p<0.05, n=5-6), but did not affect the mRNA expression levels of other FGF receptors or ligands. Conclusion These studies indicate that FGFs have an important role in the development of vascular diseases like atherosclerosis and graft arteriosclerosis. These data suggest that inhibition of FGF receptors by compounds like SSR128129E might be useful as a new therapeutic approach for these vascular pathologies.
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Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a malignant plasma cell disorder that accounts for approximately 10% of all hematological cancers. It is characterized by accumulation of clonal plasma cells, predominantly in the bone marrow. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing; therefore, it is expected that there will be an increase in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma with concomitant diabetes mellitus. The treatment of multiple myeloma and diabetes mellitus is multifaceted. The coexistence of the two conditions in a patient forms a major challenge for physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahmed Ali
- Department of Endocrinology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasar A Ahmed
- Princess Noorah Oncology Centre, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abubaker Ibrahim
- Haematology, Princes Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Rozalski R, Migdalski A, Gackowski D, Guz J, Siomek A, Foksinski M, Szpila A, Zarakowska E, Majer M, Jawien A, Olinski R. Does morphology of carotid plaque depend on patient's oxidative stress? Clin Biochem 2013; 46:1030-1035. [PMID: 23726810 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explored the relationship between oxidative stress biomarkers and stability of carotid plaque. We decided to analyze the broad range of parameters describing oxidative stress in patients with carotid stenosis. DESIGN AND METHODS 124 consecutive patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy were enrolled in the study group. The control group consisted of 49 patients without symptoms of atherosclerosis. The stability of carotid plaques was assessed using GSM (gray-scale median) scoring system and the study group was divided into three subgroups according to echogenicity of the plaque. The following parameters of oxidative stress/DNA damage were analyzed: i) urinary excretion of the products of oxidative DNA damage repair; ii) the background level of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine in leukocytes' DNA and in atherosclerotic plaques; and iii) the concentrations of antioxidant vitamins, uric acid and C-reactive protein in plasma. RESULTS Oxidative stress (described by redox status) was higher in the patient group than in the control group. There is a correlation between oxidative stress of the patients and stability of the plaque, echolucent plaques (GSM<25) being associated with the highest antioxidant level and lowest excretion of DNA repair markers. CONCLUSIONS The plaque formation/morphology may depend on local environment and is independent of oxidative stress/inflammation observed on the level of the whole body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Rozalski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Migdalski
- Department of Surgery, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Daniel Gackowski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jolanta Guz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Siomek
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek Foksinski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Szpila
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Zarakowska
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marcin Majer
- Department of Angiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Jawien
- Department of Surgery, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ryszard Olinski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
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6-Shogaol Protects against Oxidized LDL-Induced Endothelial Injruries by Inhibiting Oxidized LDL-Evoked LOX-1 Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:503521. [PMID: 23533490 PMCID: PMC3590502 DOI: 10.1155/2013/503521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and oxLDL are believed to be early and critical events in atherogenesis. 6-Shogaol is the major bioactive compound present in Zingiber officinale and possesses the anti-atherosclerotic effect. However, the mechanisms remain poorly understood. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of 6-shogaol on oxLDL-induced Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injuries and its possible molecular mechanisms. Hence, we studied the effects of 6-shogaol on cell apoptosis, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), NF-κB activation, Bcl-2 expression, and caspase -3, -8, -9 activities. In addition, E-selectin, MCP-1, and ICAM-1 were determined by ELISA. Our study show that oxLDL increased LOX-1 expression, ROS levels, NF-κB, caspases-9 and -3 activation and decreased Bcl-2 expression in HUVECs. These alterations were attenuated by 6-shogaol. Cotreatment with 6-shogaol and siRNA of LOX-1 synergistically reduced oxLDL-induced caspases -9, -3 activities and cell apoptosis. Overexpression of LOX-1 attenuated the protection by 6-shogaol and suppressed the effects of 6-shogaol on oxLDL-induced oxidative stress. In addition, oxLDL enhanced the activation of NF-κB and expression of adhesion molecules. Pretreatment with 6-shogaol, however, exerted significant cytoprotective effects in all events. Our data indicate that 6-shogaol might be a potential natural antiapoptotic agent for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Distribution, size, and shape of abdominal aortic calcified deposits and their relationship to mortality in postmenopausal women. Int J Biomed Imaging 2012; 2012:459286. [PMID: 22719751 PMCID: PMC3375152 DOI: 10.1155/2012/459286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic calcifications (AACs) correlate strongly with coronary artery calcifications and can be predictors of cardiovascular mortality. We investigated whether size, shape, and distribution of AACs are related to mortality and how such prognostic markers perform compared to the state-of-the-art AC24 marker introduced by Kauppila. Methods. For 308 postmenopausal women, we quantified the number of AAC and the percentage of the abdominal aorta that the lesions occupied in terms of their area, simulated plaque area, thickness, wall coverage, and length. We analysed inter-/intraobserver reproducibility and predictive ability of mortality after 8-9 years via Cox regression leading to hazard ratios (HRs). Results. The coefficient of variation was below 25% for all markers. The strongest individual predictors were the number of calcifications (HR = 2.4) and the simulated area percentage (HR = 2.96) of a calcified plaque, and, unlike AC24 (HR = 1.66), they allowed mortality prediction also after adjusting for traditional risk factors. In a combined Cox regression model, the strongest complementary predictors were the number of calcifications (HR = 2.76) and the area percentage (HR = −3.84). Conclusion. Morphometric markers of AAC quantified from radiographs may be a useful tool for screening and monitoring risk of CVD mortality.
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Issa ZA, Zantout MS, Azar ST. Multiple myeloma and diabetes. ISRN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2011; 2011:815013. [PMID: 22363889 PMCID: PMC3262650 DOI: 10.5402/2011/815013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a malignant plasma cell disorder that accounts for approximately 10% of all hematologic cancers. It is characterized by accumulation of clonal plasma cells, predominantly in the bone marrow. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing; therefore, it is expected that there will be an increase in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma with concomitant diabetes mellitus. The treatment of multiple myeloma and diabetes mellitus is multifaceted. The coexistence of the two conditions in a patient forms a major challenge for physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab A. Issa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, 3 Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, 8th floor, New York, NY 10017, USA
| | - Mira S. Zantout
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, 3 Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, 8th floor, New York, NY 10017, USA
| | - Sami T. Azar
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, 3 Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, 8th floor, New York, NY 10017, USA
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MicroRNAs expression in ox-LDL treated HUVECs: MiR-365 modulates apoptosis and Bcl-2 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 410:127-33. [PMID: 21640710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.05.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) apoptosis induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is thought to play a critical role in atherosclerosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate the expression of genes involved in diverse cell functions, including differentiation, growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. However, whether miRNAs are associated with ox-LDL induced apoptosis and their effect on ECs is still unknown. Therefore, this study evaluated potential miRNAs and their involvement in ECs apoptosis in response to ox-LDL stimulation. Microarray and qRT-PCR analysis performed on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to ox-LDL identified 15 differentially expressed (4 up- and 11 down-regulated) miRNAs. Web-based query tools were utilized to predict the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs, and the potential target genes were classified into different function categories with the gene ontology (GO) term and KEGG pathway annotation. In particular, bioinformatics analysis suggested that anti-apoptotic protein B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) is a target gene of miR-365, an apoptomir up-regulated by ox-LDL stimulation in HUVECs. We further showed that transfection of miR-365 inhibitor partly restored Bcl-2 expression at both mRNA and protein levels, leading to a reduction of ox-LDL-mediated apoptosis in HUVECs. Taken together, our findings indicate that miRNAs participate in ox-LDL-mediated apoptosis in HUVECs. MiR-365 potentiates ox-LDL-induced ECs apoptosis by regulating the expression of Bcl-2, suggesting potential novel therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis.
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Caamaño J, Saavedra N, Jaramillo PC, Lanas C, Lanas F, Salazar LA. TP53 codon 72 polymorphism is associated with coronary artery disease in Chilean subjects. Med Princ Pract 2011; 20:171-6. [PMID: 21252575 DOI: 10.1159/000321206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible association between the codon 72 polymorphism (Pro72Arg, rs1042522) of the tumor suppressor gene (TP53) and the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Chilean subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 209 unrelated patients with a diagnosis of CAD confirmed by angiography (33-74 years old) and 216 healthy controls (30-68 years old) were included in this study. The Pro72Arg polymorphism of the TP53 gene was evaluated by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS The genotype distribution for the Pro72Arg variant of the TP53 gene in CAD patients (PP: n = 13, 6.2%; PR: n = 61, 29.4%; RR: n = 135, 64.6%) and controls (PP: n = 18, 8.3%; PR: n = 94, 43.5%; RR: n = 104, 48.1%) was significantly different (p = 0.003). Similarly, the allelic frequency was also different (p = 0.003). The odds ratio for CAD related to the 72Arg allele was 2.0 (95% CI = 1.33-2.90), confirming the presence of an association. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the Pro72Arg polymorphism of the TP53 gene is associated with CAD in Chilean individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Caamaño
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Liu S, Shen H, Xu M, Liu O, Zhao L, Liu S, Guo Z, Du J. FRP inhibits ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell apoptosis through an Akt-NF-{kappa}B-Bcl-2 pathway and inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis in an apoE-knockout mouse model. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010; 299:E351-63. [PMID: 20530739 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00005.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of cardiovascular diseases in the world. Although the development of atherosclerosis appears to be the result of multiple maladaptive pathways, a particularly important factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), which contributes to endothelial damage. Data from our laboratory and others show that follistatin-related protein (FRP), which is expressed in the vasculature, has cardioprotective effects, suggesting that loss of FRP protection might play a role in the development of atherosclerosis. In the present study, we determined whether FRP overexpression protects against endothelial cell (EC) damage, an intermediate end point for atherosclerosis. We bred apoE-knockout (apoE(-/-)) mice that were FRP(+) transgenic (they overexpressed FRP). We compared them with control mice (their littermates). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were isolated and treated with ox-LDL and recombinant FRP. FRP-induced signal transduction and Bcl-2 mRNA and protein stability were analyzed. After 16 wk, apoE(-/-) FRP(+) mice had significantly fewer apoptotic ECs than controls. In vitro experiments showed that the effect of FRP on EC apoptosis was mediated by upregulation of expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. In HUVECs, FRP upregulated Bcl-2 transcription via a PI3K-Akt-NF-kappaB pathway. We conclude that FRP overexpression maintains EC viability by preventing apoptosis via Bcl-2 upregulation. FRP may be a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of vascular EC injury and of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Liu
- Dept. of Vascular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Disease, China.
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Ma YG, Dong L, Ye XL, Deng CL, Cheng JH, Liu WC, Ma J, Chang YM, Xie MJ. Activation of cloned BK(Ca) channels in nitric oxide-induced apoptosis of HEK293 cells. Apoptosis 2010; 15:426-38. [PMID: 20012488 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-009-0423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK(Ca)) channels are highly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and play an essential role in the regulation of various physiological functions. Besides its electrophysiological function in vascular relaxation, BK(Ca) has also been reported to be implicated in nitric oxide (NO)-induced apoptosis of VSMCs. However, the molecular mechanism is not clear and has not been determined on cloned channels. The present study was designed to clarify whether activation of cloned BK(Ca) channel was involved in NO-induced apoptosis in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cell. The cDNA encoding the alpha-subunit of BK(Ca) channel, hSloalpha, was transiently transfected into HEK293 cells. The apoptotic death in HEK-hSloalpha cells was detected using immunocytochemistry, analysis of fragmented DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis, MTT test, and flow cytometry assays. Whole-cell and single-channel characteristics of HEK-hSloalpha cells exhibited functional features similar to native BK(Ca) channel in VSMCs. Exposuring of HEK- hSloalpha cells to S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine increased the hSloalpha channel activities of whole-cell and single-channel, and then increased percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis. However, blocking hSloalpha channels with 1 mM tetraethylammonia or 100 nM iberiotoxin significantly decreased the NO-induced apoptosis, whereas 30 microM NS1619, the specific agonist of BK(Ca), independently increased hSloalpha currents and induced apoptosis. These results indicated that activation of cloned BK(Ca) channel was involved in NO-induced apoptosis of HEK293 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Guang Ma
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Katsiki N, Tziomalos K, Chatzizisis Y, Elisaf M, Hatzitolios AI. Effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on vascular cell apoptosis: Beneficial or detrimental? Atherosclerosis 2010; 211:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Takamatsu H, Yamashita T, Kotani T, Sawazaki A, Okumura H, Nakao S. Ischemic heart disease associated with bortezomib treatment combined with dexamethasone in a patient with multiple myeloma. Int J Hematol 2010; 91:903-6. [PMID: 20458563 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-010-0586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 04/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 79-year-old female patient with multiple myeloma who had no prior cardiac disease history developed an acute myocardial infarction on day 5 after receiving bortezomib and dexamethasone (BD). After treatment of coronary stenoses by stents, she received another course of BD therapy and developed angina pectoris on day 5 after the therapy. Bortezomib's antitumor effect is due to the inhibition of proteasome activity. This inhibition may increase endothelial progenitor cell apoptosis and decrease endothelial nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide (eNOS/NO), thus leading to coronary spasm. It is, therefore, important to carefully monitor patients being treated with bortezomib for the potential occurrence of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Takamatsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, NTT WEST Kanazawa Hospital, 6-26 Shimoshinmachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0910, Japan.
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Maksimowicz-McKinnon K, Selzer F, Manzi S, Kip KE, Mulukutla SR, Marroquin OC, Smitherman TC, Kuller LH, Williams DO, Wasko MCM. Poor 1-year outcomes after percutaneous coronary interventions in systemic lupus erythematosus: report from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Dynamic Registry. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 1:201-8. [PMID: 20031679 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.108.788745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have premature and accelerated atherosclerosis. Although percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is used frequently to treat coronary artery disease in SLE, little is known regarding PCI outcomes immediately after PCI and after discharge. METHODS AND RESULTS Baseline demographic, procedure-related, and adverse outcome data on consecutive patients undergoing PCI during 5 recruitment "waves" of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Dynamic Registry across 23 clinical centers were collected. SLE patients (n=28) were compared with non-SLE patients (n=3385). SLE patients were younger and more often female in comparison with non-SLE patients undergoing PCI. SLE patients were less likely than non-SLE patients to have hyperlipidemia but had a similar prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and tobacco use. The prevalence of multivessel disease was similar between groups. Initial intervention success (by angiographic definition) was not significantly different between groups. At 1 year, SLE patients were more likely to experience a myocardial infarction (15.6% versus 4.8%, P=0.01) and more often required repeat PCI (31.3% versus 11.8%, P=0.009) than non-SLE patients, even after adjustment for important covariates. CONCLUSIONS SLE patients had significantly worse cardiovascular outcomes at 1 year than non-SLE patients. Even considering the small number of SLE patients, these differences were striking. Further study is warranted to explore other factors potentially accounting for this disparity, including SLE disease activity and duration, presence of hypercoagulable state, and immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Maksimowicz-McKinnon
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Christodoulakos GE, Lambrinoudaki IV, Creatsa MG, Economou EV, Siasou Z, Panoulis CP, Kalligerou I, Papadias C. Circulating levels of atherogenesis-associated adipocytokines and apoptotic markers are differentially influenced by hormone therapy, tibolone and raloxifene in healthy postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2009; 11:155-65. [DOI: 10.1080/13697130801954484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Iacobini C, Menini S, Ricci C, Scipioni A, Sansoni V, Cordone S, Taurino M, Serino M, Marano G, Federici M, Pricci F, Pugliese G. Accelerated lipid-induced atherogenesis in galectin-3-deficient mice: role of lipoxidation via receptor-mediated mechanisms. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:831-6. [PMID: 19359660 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.186791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Modified lipoproteins, particularly oxidized LDLs, are believed to evoke an inflammatory response which participates in all stages of atherosclerosis. Disposal of these particles is mediated through receptors which may trigger proinflammatory signaling pathways leading to vascular injury. This study was aimed at assessing the role in atherogenesis of one of these receptors, galectin-3. METHODS AND RESULTS Galectin-3-deficient and wild-type mice were fed an atherogenic diet or standard chow for 8 months. Lesion area and length were higher in galectin-3-deficient versus wild-type mice. At the level of the aortic sinus, wild-type animals showed only fatty streaks, whereas galectin-3-deficient mice developed complex lesions, associated with extensive inflammatory changes. This was indicated by the presence of T lymphocytes with activated Th1-phenotype and by more marked monocyte-macrophage infiltration, inflammatory mediator expression, vascular cell apoptosis, and proinflammatory transcription factor activation. Increased accumulation of oxidixed LDLs and lipoxidation products and upregulation of other receptors for these compounds, including the proinflammatory RAGE, were detected in galectin-3-deficient versus wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a unique protective role for galectin-3 in the uptake and effective removal of modified lipoproteins, with concurrent downregulation of proinflammatory pathways responsible for atherosclerosis initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Iacobini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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St Hilaire C, Yang D, Schreiber BM, Ravid K. B-Myb regulates the A(2B) adenosine receptor in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Cell Biochem 2008; 103:1962-74. [PMID: 17979185 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The A(2B) adenosine receptor (A(2B)AR) has been described to control various vascular functions, including inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation. Here, we sought to understand the regulation of A(2B)AR gene expression in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), with a focus on the proliferation phase. Assays with A(2B)AR-beta-gal aortic VSMCs, in which the endogenous A(2B)AR gene promoter drives the expression of prokaryotic beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) instead of the endogenous A(2B)AR gene, show that beta-gal expression is upregulated when the cells are induced to exit from cell cycle arrest. Similarly, the level of A(2B)AR mRNA is upregulated in proliferating primary aortic VSMCs. In search of related mechanisms, it was noted that the A(2B)AR gene promoter contains several putative binding sites for the proliferation-inducing transcription factor, B-Myb. Using a clone of the 5' region upstream of the mouse A(2B)AR gene linked to a reporter gene, B-Myb site deletion mutants were generated. It was determined that B-Myb upregulates the A(2B)AR gene promoter, and specific promoter binding sites were identified as functional. In accordance, B-Myb also elevates endogenous A(2B)AR mRNA and receptor activity, and this activity decreases cell proliferation. Our data are novel in that they show that this proliferation-inhibiting A(2B)AR is itself an inducible receptor regulated by B-Myb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia St Hilaire
- Department of Biochemistry and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review is to summarize recent advances in molecular mechanisms that regulate vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis during vascular remodeling. In normal blood vessels apoptosis counteracts cell division, whereas apoptosis is especially crucial for regulating vascular remodeling during cardiovascular diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Recent results have expanded our knowledge regarding the signaling pathways and molecules that regulate vascular smooth muscle cell death in postnatal vascular remodeling. Compelling data from genetic disorders associated with vascular smooth muscle cell loss (e.g., Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome) and experimental studies suggest that changes in hemodynamic and mechanical forces are major modulators for vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis. Furthermore, understanding the therapeutic effects of antihypertensive drugs related to apoptosis may identify pathways that can improve outcomes independent of the blood pressure fall. SUMMARY Regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis is a potential target to modify pathological vascular remodeling and new drugs development.
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Au-Yeung KK, O K, Choy PC, Zhu DY, Siow YL. Magnesium tanshinoate B protects endothelial cells against oxidized lipoprotein-induced apoptosisThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue (part 2 of 2) on the Safety and Efficacy of Natural Health Products. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 85:1053-62. [DOI: 10.1139/y07-096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway plays an important role in the induction of cell apoptosis. We previously reported that magnesium tanshinoate B (MTB), a compound purified from a Chinese herb danshen ( Salvia miltiorrhiza ), could inhibit ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocyte apoptosis in the heart. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether MTB can prevent oxidized lipoprotein-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with copper-oxidized very low density lipoprotein (Cu-OxVLDL) or copper-oxidized low density lipoprotein (Cu-OxLDL). Treatment of cells with Cu-OxVLDL or Cu-OxLDL resulted in a 3-fold increase in the JNK activity. The amount of cytochrome c released and the activity of caspase-3 in cells treated with Cu-OxVLDL or Cu-OxLDL were significantly elevated, indicating the occurrence of apoptosis. The presence of MTB was able to abolish the JNK activation, cytochrome c release, and caspase-3 activation induced by Cu-OxVLDL or Cu-OxLDL, resulting in a marked reduction in apoptosis in endothelial cells. The data from this study indicate that oxidized lipoproteins induce apoptosis in endothelial cells. We postulate that the inhibition of the JNK signaling pathway by MTB is a key mechanism that protects these cells from oxidized lipoprotein-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy K.W. Au-Yeung
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine and Departments of Physiology and Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, and Centre for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- State Key Laboratory for Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Material Medica, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Departments of Physiology and Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Centre for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, R2010, Innovative Therapy Research Laboratory, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Karmin O
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine and Departments of Physiology and Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, and Centre for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- State Key Laboratory for Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Material Medica, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Departments of Physiology and Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Centre for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, R2010, Innovative Therapy Research Laboratory, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Patrick C. Choy
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine and Departments of Physiology and Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, and Centre for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- State Key Laboratory for Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Material Medica, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Departments of Physiology and Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Centre for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, R2010, Innovative Therapy Research Laboratory, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Da-yuan Zhu
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine and Departments of Physiology and Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, and Centre for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- State Key Laboratory for Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Material Medica, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Departments of Physiology and Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Centre for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, R2010, Innovative Therapy Research Laboratory, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Yaw L. Siow
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine and Departments of Physiology and Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, and Centre for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- State Key Laboratory for Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Material Medica, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Departments of Physiology and Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Centre for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, R2010, Innovative Therapy Research Laboratory, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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Kavurma MM, Bennett MR. Expression, regulation and function of trail in atherosclerosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 75:1441-50. [PMID: 18061141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Revised: 10/03/2007] [Accepted: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a condition where vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), inflammatory cells, lipids, cholesterol and cellular waste accumulate in the inner lining of an artery, producing a fibro-fatty plaque and resulting in the thickening of the arterial wall. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of cytokines plays a major role in the progression of atherosclerosis. Recently, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a member of the TNF superfamily, has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis since it has been detected in normal and diseased atherosclerotic tissue. Not only is TRAIL involved in apoptosis and immune regulation, recent studies have provided a new function of TRAIL on vascular cells, such that TRAIL can promote endothelial cell (EC) and VSMCs migration and proliferation. In addition, TRAIL is implicated in regulating vascular tone. This review discusses our current understanding of TRAIL expression, regulation and function, and summarises the recent data implicating a role for TRAIL in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Kavurma
- Centre for Vascular Research, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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39
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Strand M, Soderstrom I, Wiklund PG, Hallmans G, Weinehall L, Soderberg S, Olsson T. Polymorphisms at the Osteoprotegerin and Interleukin-6 Genes in Relation to First-Ever Stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 2007; 24:418-25. [PMID: 17878722 DOI: 10.1159/000108431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial calcification and osteoporosis often coexist, especially in postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis associates with a substantially increased risk of stroke in elderly women, suggesting that impaired estrogen signaling may link stroke and osteoporosis. Osteoprotegerin (OPG, TNFRSF11B) and interleukin-6 (IL-6, IL6) are putative target genes for estrogen signaling and have been implicated in both cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. We hypothesized that specific polymorphisms in these genes may be associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS We performed a population-based prospective nested case-control study, in which the relationships between polymorphisms (OPG-1181G/C, OPG-950T/C and IL6-174G/C) and ischemic stroke and ICH were examined. Definitive first-ever stroke events (n = 388), i.e. ischemic stroke (n = 320), ICH (n = 61) and unspecified stroke (n = 7) cases, and controls without cardiovascular disease (n = 773), matched for age, sex and geographical region were studied. Univariate and multivariate models using conditional logistic regression, which included traditional risk factors, were used to test for association. RESULTS Carriers of the OPG-1181C/C genotype had a significantly (p = 0.018) increased risk of ICH (OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.19-6.12) in the univariate analysis. After adjustments (hypertension, diabetes, BMI and triglycerides), this genotype remained significantly (p = 0.005) associated with ICH (OR, 6.04; 95% CI, 1.71-21.29). By contrast, no correlations were found between this genotype and ischemic stroke, nor between the OPG-950T/C or IL6-174G/C polymorphisms and stroke subtypes. CONCLUSIONS In this population, the OPG-1181C/C genotype associates with first-ever ICH, implying that alterations in OPG-mediated signaling in the vasculature may be involved in the pathophysiology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Strand
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Barderas MG, Tuñón J, Dardé VM, De la Cuesta F, Durán MC, Jiménez-Nácher JJ, Tarín N, López-Bescós L, Egido J, Vivanco F. Circulating human monocytes in the acute coronary syndrome express a characteristic proteomic profile. J Proteome Res 2007; 6:876-86. [PMID: 17269745 DOI: 10.1021/pr0601990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We examined the proteome of circulating monocytes of patients with acute coronary syndrome at different times in comparison to that of patients with stable coronary artery disease. On admission, the expression of 18 spot proteins was altered, 10 of which were totally absent. This pattern changed progressively, and at 6 months, there were no differences with the monocyte proteome of stable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- María G Barderas
- Department of Immunology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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El Solh AA, Akinnusi ME, Baddoura FH, Mankowski CR. Endothelial cell apoptosis in obstructive sleep apnea: a link to endothelial dysfunction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 175:1186-91. [PMID: 17272785 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200611-1598oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. Injury of endothelial cells has been advanced as an initial trigger to atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVES To study the association between circulating apoptotic endothelial cells and vasomotor dysfunction as a function of sleep apnea. METHODS Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation was determined in 14 subjects with documented OSA and 10 healthy control subjects at baseline and 8 weeks after continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Quantification of circulating apoptotic endothelial cells (CD146(+) Annexin V(+)) was performed by flow cytometry. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Compared with healthy subjects, patients with OSA had higher numbers of circulating CD146(+) Annexin V(+) cells (39.2 +/- 13.6 cells/mL and 17.8 +/- 9.4, respectively; p < 0.001). Increased apoptotic endothelial cells correlated moderately with abnormal vascular function (r = -0.61; p = 0.001). A significant correlation was observed between CD146 Annexin V(+) cells and the apnea-hypopnea index (r = 0.56; p = 0.004). After 8 weeks of treatment with CPAP, the numbers of circulating apoptotic endothelial cells were reduced significantly from 39.2 +/- 13.6 to 22.3 +/- 12.9 apoptotic cells per milliliter (p < 0.001) and correlated with improvement in endothelium-dependent vasodilation (r = 0.49; p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS In patients with OSA, impairment of endothelial-dependent vasodilation correlated with the degree of endothelial cell apoptosis. CPAP therapy led to significant decline in circulating apoptotic endothelial cells. These findings provide an additional mechanism for the predisposition of patients with OSA to premature vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A El Solh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Erie County Medical Center, 462 Grider Street, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA.
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von Wnuck Lipinski K, Keul P, Ferri N, Lucke S, Heusch G, Fischer JW, Levkau B. Integrin-Mediated Transcriptional Activation of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins Protects Smooth Muscle Cells Against Apoptosis Induced by Degraded Collagen. Circ Res 2006; 98:1490-7. [PMID: 16728660 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000229267.77982.0d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis of smooth muscle cells (SMC) and degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) have both been implicated in atherosclerotic plaque rupture. We have previously reported that degraded type I collagen fragments induce a rapid but transient apoptotic burst initiated by calpains in SMC. The aim of the current study was to identify the pathway responsible for consecutive SMC survival. We show that exposure of SMC to collagen fragments resulted in a sustained activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB via phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα. Its prevention through retroviral expression of superrepressor IκBα or proteasome inhibition potently induced apoptosis. In the presence of blocking antibodies to α
v
β
3
integrin and RGD peptides, collagen fragments no longer activated NF-κB and apoptosis was enhanced. The mechanism by which NF-κB was protecting SMC against collagen fragment-induced apoptosis was a transcriptional activation of several endogenous caspase inhibitors of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family as: (1) the expression of xIAP, c-IAP2, and survivin was potently induced by collagen fragments; (2) IAP expression was abrogated by superrepressor IκBα; and (3) knockdown of each of the 3 IAPs by small interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in enhanced apoptosis after collagen fragment treatment. Our data suggest that SMC exposed to degraded collagen are protected against apoptosis by a mechanism involving α
v
β
3
-dependent NF-κB activation with consequent activation of IAPs. This may constitute a novel antiapoptotic pathway ensuring SMC survival in settings of enhanced ECM degradation such as cell migration, vascular remodeling, and atherosclerotic plaque rupture.
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Versari D, Herrmann J, Gössl M, Mannheim D, Sattler K, Meyer FB, Lerman LO, Lerman A. Dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in human carotid atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26:2132-9. [PMID: 16778122 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000232501.08576.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ubiquitin-proteasome system is the principal degradation route of intracellular and oxidized proteins, thus regulating many cellular processes conceivably important for atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of ubiquitin-proteasome system in human carotid artery plaques in relation to oxidative stress and clinical manifestation. METHODS AND RESULTS In carotid endarterectomy specimens from 83 asymptomatic and 94 symptomatic patients, content of ubiquitin, ubiquitin conjugates, matrix metalloproteases, and NADPH-oxidase-p67 was evaluated by immunoblotting; proteolytic proteasome activity by fluorometric assay; single and double immunostaining for ubiquitin conjugates, 3-nitrotyrosine, apoptosis, smooth muscle alpha-actin, and macrophage CD-68, as well as Sirius Red staining for collagen were performed. Compared with asymptomatic patients, symptomatic patients showed a more unstable plaque phenotype, an increased degree of apoptosis, a significantly higher ubiquitin conjugates content (17.72+/-1.36 versus 10.99+/-1.04; P<0.001), and lower proteasome activity (5.01+/-0.70 versus 9.41+/-1.19 nmol AMC/mg protein/min; P<0.01). Ubiquitin conjugates content was directly correlated to NADPH-p67 and degree of apoptosis. Immunostaining revealed colocalization of ubiquitin conjugates and 3-nitrotyrosine, and accumulation of ubiquitin conjugates in smooth muscle cells and macrophages. CONCLUSIONS In human carotid plaques increased oxidative stress is associated with inhibition of the proteasome activity and accumulation of ubiquitin conjugates, particularly in symptomatic patients. These results suggest a possible role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in influencing plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Versari
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Pryshchep S, Sato K, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. T Cell Recognition and Killing of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Acute Coronary Syndrome. Circ Res 2006; 98:1168-76. [PMID: 16601227 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000220649.10013.5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Loss of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) has been proposed to destabilize the atherosclerotic plaque and contribute to plaque rupture, superimposed thrombosis, and acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). We examined whether VSMCs are susceptible to T cell-induced apoptosis and found that CD4 T cells are highly effective in establishing cell-cell contact with VSMCs and triggering apoptotic death. Visualization of the T cell-VSMC contact zone on the single-cell level revealed that both patient-derived and control CD4 T cells reorganized their cell membrane to assemble an immunologic synapse with the VSMCs. Within 4 to 10 minutes, the membrane proximal signaling molecule ZAP-70 was recruited and phosphorylated. However, only patient-derived CD4 T cells sustained an intact immunologic synapse beyond 10 minutes and generated intracellular calcium signals. CD4 T cells that maintained a synaptic contact and appeared to be responsible for VSMC apoptosis accounted for approximately 20% of the circulating memory T cell population in ACS patients and were rare in the blood of age-matched controls. CD4 T cells from ACS patients were also hyperresponsive to T cell receptor-mediated stimulation when triggered by a superantigen and non-VSMC target cells. Lowered setting of the T cell activation threshold, attributable to excessive amplification of proximal CD3-mediated signals, may contribute to CD4 T cell-mediated killing of VSMCs and promote plaque instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Pryshchep
- Department of Medicine, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Abstract
Vascular diseases are the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. These conditions, whether they involve small and/or large vessels, invariably manifest as localized lesions within the vascular tree. For example, atherosclerosis preferentially affects arteries at branch points, the outer wall of bifurcations, and the inner walls of curvatures. An important question is how systemic alterations in blood-borne factors (eg, those associated with cardiac risk factors) result in focal vasculopathy. A clue to the answer lies in the complex spatial and temporal dynamics of the endothelium. The goal of this review is to highlight concepts of endothelial cell heterogeneity and to apply these principles to an understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Aird
- Division of Molecular and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Mango R, Biocca S, del Vecchio F, Clementi F, Sangiuolo F, Amati F, Filareto A, Grelli S, Spitalieri P, Filesi I, Favalli C, Lauro R, Mehta JL, Romeo F, Novelli G. In Vivo and In Vitro Studies Support That a New Splicing Isoform of
OLR1
Gene Is Protective Against Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circ Res 2005; 97:152-8. [PMID: 15976314 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000174563.62625.8e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), encoded by the
OLR1
gene, is a scavenger receptor that plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. LOX-1 activation is associated with apoptosis of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and macrophages. This process is an important underlying mechanism that contributes to plaque instability and subsequent development of acute coronary syndromes. Independent association genetic studies have implicated
OLR1
gene variants in myocardial infarction (MI) susceptibility. Because single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to MI are located in intronic sequences of the gene, it remains unclear as to how they determine their biological effects. Using quantitative real-time PCR and minigene approach, we show that intronic SNPs, linked to MI, regulate the expression of a new functional splicing isoform of the
OLR1
gene, LOXIN, which lacks exon 5. Macrophages from subjects carrying the “non-risk” disease haplotype at
OLR1
gene have an increased expression of LOXIN at mRNA and protein level, which results in a significant reduction of apoptosis in response to oxLDL. Expression of LOXIN in different cell types results in loss of surface staining, indicating that truncation of the C-terminal portion of the protein has a profound effect on its cellular trafficking. Furthermore, the proapoptotic effect of LOX-1 receptor in cell culture is specifically rescued by the coexpression of LOXIN in a dose-dependent manner. The demonstration that increasing levels of LOXIN protect cells from LOX-1 induced apoptosis sets a groundwork for developing therapeutic approaches for prevention of plaque instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggiero Mango
- Department of Biopathology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, Italy
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Farvin KHS, Anandan R, Sankar TV, Nair PGV. Protective Effect of Squalene against Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2005. [DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.37.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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