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Apolipoprotein(a) Kringles for Gene Therapy of Colon Cancer. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-018-0352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Scipione CA, Koschinsky ML, Boffa MB. Lipoprotein(a) in clinical practice: New perspectives from basic and translational science. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2017; 55:33-54. [PMID: 29262744 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2017.1415866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Elevated plasma concentrations of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) are a causal risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) and calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS). Genetic, epidemiological and in vitro data provide strong evidence for a pathogenic role for Lp(a) in the progression of atherothrombotic disease. Despite these advancements and a race to develop new Lp(a) lowering therapies, there are still many unanswered and emerging questions about the metabolism and pathophysiology of Lp(a). New studies have drawn attention to Lp(a) as a contributor to novel pathogenic processes, yet the mechanisms underlying the contribution of Lp(a) to CVD remain enigmatic. New therapeutics show promise in lowering plasma Lp(a) levels, although the complete mechanisms of Lp(a) lowering are not fully understood. Specific agents targeted to apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)), namely antisense oligonucleotide therapy, demonstrate potential to decrease Lp(a) to levels below the 30-50 mg/dL (75-150 nmol/L) CVD risk threshold. This therapeutic approach should aid in assessing the benefit of lowering Lp(a) in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A Scipione
- a Department of Advanced Diagnostics , Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN , Toronto , Canada
| | - Marlys L Koschinsky
- b Robarts Research Institute , Western University , London , Canada.,c Department of Physiology & Pharmacology , Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University , London , Canada
| | - Michael B Boffa
- d Department of Biochemistry , Western University , London , Canada
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Scipione CA, McAiney JT, Simard DJ, Bazzi ZA, Gemin M, Romagnuolo R, Macrae FL, Ariëns RA, Hegele RA, Auld J, Gauld JW, Boffa MB, Koschinsky ML. Characterization of the I4399M variant of apolipoprotein(a): implications for altered prothrombotic properties of lipoprotein(a). J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:1834-1844. [PMID: 28632940 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Elevated lipoproteinp(a) is an independent and causal risk factor for atherothrombotic diseases. rs3798220 (Ile/Met substitution in apo(a) protease-like domain) is associated with disease risk. Recombinant I4399M apo(a) altered clot structure to accelerate coagulation/delay fibrinolysis. Evidence was found for increased solvent exposure and oxidation of Met residue. SUMMARY Background Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) is a causal risk factor for a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Apolipoprotein(a) (apo[a]), the distinguishing component of Lp(a), is homologous with plasminogen, suggesting that Lp(a) can interfere with the normal fibrinolytic functions of plasminogen. This has implications for the persistence of fibrin clots in the vasculature and hence for atherothrombotic diseases. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs3798220) in the gene encoding apo(a) has been reported that results in an Ile→Met substitution in the protease-like domain (I4399M variant). In population studies, the I4399M variant has been correlated with elevated plasma Lp(a) levels and higher coronary heart disease risk, and carriers of the SNP had increased cardiovascular benefit from aspirin therapy. In vitro studies suggested an antifibrinolytic role for Lp(a) containing this variant. Objectives We performed a series of experiments to assess the effect of the Ile→Met substitution on fibrin clot formation and lysis, and on the architecture of the clots. Results We found that the Met variant decreased coagulation time and increased fibrin clot lysis time as compared with wild-type apo(a). Furthermore, we observed that the presence of the Met variant significantly increased fibrin fiber width in plasma clots formed ex vivo, while having no effect on fiber density. Mass spectrometry analysis of a recombinant apo(a) species containing the Met variant revealed sulfoxide modification of the Met residue. Conclusions Our data suggest that the I4399M variant differs structurally from wild-type apo(a), which may underlie key differences related to its effects on fibrin clot architecture and fibrinolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Scipione
- Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J T McAiney
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - D J Simard
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Z A Bazzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Gemin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Romagnuolo
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - F L Macrae
- Thrombosis and Tissue Repair Group, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - R A Ariëns
- Thrombosis and Tissue Repair Group, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - R A Hegele
- Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Auld
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - J W Gauld
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - M B Boffa
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - M L Koschinsky
- Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Boffa MB, Koschinsky ML. Lipoprotein (a): truly a direct prothrombotic factor in cardiovascular disease? J Lipid Res 2015; 57:745-57. [PMID: 26647358 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r060582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma concentrations of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] have been determined to be a causal risk factor for coronary heart disease, and may similarly play a role in other atherothrombotic disorders. Lp(a) consists of a lipoprotein moiety indistinguishable from LDL, as well as the plasminogen-related glycoprotein, apo(a). Therefore, the pathogenic role for Lp(a) has traditionally been considered to reflect a dual function of its similarity to LDL, causing atherosclerosis, and its similarity to plasminogen, causing thrombosis through inhibition of fibrinolysis. This postulate remains highly speculative, however, because it has been difficult to separate the prothrombotic/antifibrinolytic functions of Lp(a) from its proatherosclerotic functions. This review surveys the current landscape surrounding these issues: the biochemical basis for procoagulant and antifibrinolytic effects of Lp(a) is summarized and the evidence addressing the role of Lp(a) in both arterial and venous thrombosis is discussed. While elevated Lp(a) appears to be primarily predisposing to thrombotic events in the arterial tree, the fact that most of these are precipitated by underlying atherosclerosis continues to confound our understanding of the true pathogenic roles of Lp(a) and, therefore, the most appropriate therapeutic target through which to mitigate the harmful effects of this lipoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Boffa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Marlys L Koschinsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Gong Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Fan Y, Hoover-Plow J. Plasminogen regulates cardiac repair after myocardial infarction through its noncanonical function in stem cell homing to the infarcted heart. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63:2862-72. [PMID: 24681141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of plasminogen (Plg) in stem cell-mediated cardiac repair and regeneration after myocardial infarction (MI). BACKGROUND An MI induces irreversible tissue damage, eventually leading to heart failure. Bone marrow (BM)-derived stem cells promote tissue repair and regeneration after MI. Thrombolytic treatment with Plg activators significantly improves the clinical outcome in MI by restoring cardiac perfusion. However, the role of Plg in stem cell-mediated cardiac repair remains unclear. METHODS An MI was induced in Plg-deficient (Plg(-/-)) and wild-type (Plg(+/+)) mice by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Stem cells were visualized by in vivo tracking of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing BM cells after BM transplantation. Cardiac function, stem cell homing, and signaling pathways downstream of Plg were examined. RESULTS Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, a stem cell mobilizer, significantly promoted BM-derived stem cell (GFP(+)c-kit(+) cell) recruitment into the infarcted heart and stem cell-mediated cardiac repair in Plg(+/+) mice. However, Plg deficiency markedly inhibited stem cell homing and cardiac repair, suggesting that Plg is critical for stem cell-mediated cardiac repair. Moreover, Plg regulated C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) expression in stem cells in vivo and in vitro through matrix metalloproteinase-9. Lentiviral reconstitution of CXCR4 expression in BM cells successfully rescued stem cell homing to the infarcted heart in Plg-deficient mice, indicating that CXCR4 has a critical role in Plg-mediated stem cell homing after MI. CONCLUSIONS These findings have identified a novel role for Plg in stem cell-mediated cardiac repair after MI. Thus, targeting Plg may offer a new therapeutic strategy for stem cell-mediated cardiac repair after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Gong
- Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine and Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio; Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Yujing Zhao
- Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine and Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ying Li
- Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine and Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jane Hoover-Plow
- Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine and Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
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Huang M, Gong Y, Grondolsky J, Hoover-Plow J. Lp(a)/apo(a) modulate MMP-9 activation and neutrophil cytokines in vivo in inflammation to regulate leukocyte recruitment. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1503-17. [PMID: 24650562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, but the mechanism is unclear. The pathogenic risk of Lp(a) is associated with elevated plasma concentration, small isoforms of apolipoprotein [apo(a)], the unique apolipoprotein of Lp(a), and a mimic of plasminogen. Inflammation is associated with both the initiation and recovery of cardiovascular diseases, and plasminogen plays an important role in leukocyte recruitment. Because Lp(a)/apo(a) is expressed only in primates, transgenic mice were generated, apo(a)tg and Lp(a)tg mice, to determine whether Lp(a)/apo(a) modifies plasminogen-dependent leukocyte recruitment or whether apo(a) has an independent role in vivo. Plasminogen activation was markedly reduced in apo(a)tg and Lp(a)tg mice in both peritonitis and vascular injury inflammatory models, and was sufficient to reduce matrix metalloproteinase-9 activation and macrophage recruitment. Furthermore, neutrophil recruitment and the neutrophil cytokines, CXCL1/CXCL2, were suppressed in apo(a)tg mice in the abdominal aortic aneurysm model. Reconstitution of CXCL1 or CXCL2 restored neutrophil recruitment in apo(a)tg mice. Apo(a) in the plasminogen-deficient background and Lp(a)tg mice were resistant to inhibition of macrophage recruitment that was associated with an increased accumulation of apo(a) in the intimal layer of the vessel wall. These data indicate that, in inflammation, Lp(a)/apo(a) suppresses neutrophil recruitment by plasminogen-independent cytokine inhibition, and Lp(a)/apo(a) inhibits plasminogen activation and regulates matrix metalloproteinase-9 activation and macrophage recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menggui Huang
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, the Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yanqing Gong
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, the Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jessica Grondolsky
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, the Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jane Hoover-Plow
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, the Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Cleveland, Ohio.
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Li Y, Luke MM, Shiffman D, Devlin JJ. Genetic variants in the apolipoprotein(a) gene and coronary heart disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 4:565-73. [PMID: 22010162 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.111.959601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Sa Q, Hoover-Plow JL. EMILIN2 (Elastin microfibril interface located protein), potential modifier of thrombosis. Thromb J 2011; 9:9. [PMID: 21569335 PMCID: PMC3113922 DOI: 10.1186/1477-9560-9-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elastin microfibril interface located protein 2 (EMILIN2) is an extracellular glycoprotein associated with cardiovascular development. While other EMILIN proteins are reported to play a role in elastogenesis and coagulation, little is known about EMILIN2 function in the cardiovascular system. The objective of this study was to determine whether EMILIN2 could play a role in thrombosis. RESULTS EMILIN2 mRNA was expressed in 8 wk old C57BL/6J mice in lung, heart, aorta and bone marrow, with the highest expression in bone marrow. In mouse cells, EMILIN2 mRNA expression in macrophages was higher than expression in endothelial cells and fibroblasts. EMILIN2 was identified with cells and extracellular matrix by immunohistochemistry in the carotid and aorta. After carotid ferric chloride injury, EMILIN2 was abundantly expressed in the thrombus and inhibition of EMILIN2 increased platelet de-aggregation after ADP-stimulated platelet aggregation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest EMILIN2 could play a role in thrombosis as a constituent of the vessel wall and/or a component of the thrombus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qila Sa
- Joseph J, Jacobs Center For Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Fu YC, Yang JT, Chen HW, Wu JH. Effect of lipoprotein (a) on annexin A5 binding to cell membrane. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:1915-9. [PMID: 20705065 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Revised: 07/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High blood lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] concentration is a risk factor for a thrombotic event. Annexin A5 is involved in anticoagulation on the endothelial surface. How Lp(a) affects the annexin A5 function is not clear. This study investigates annexin A5 binding on the cell membrane in the presence of Lp(a). METHODS Lp(a) was isolated from human blood plasma by ultracentrifugation and annexin A5 protein was purchased commercially. The cell membrane was prepared from primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and cultured cell line HepG2 by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to examine annexin A5 binding to the cell membrane in the presence of Lp(a). Flow cytometry was used to analyze the binding of fluorescence-labeled annexin A5 to phosphatidylserine (PS)-translocated intact cells in the presence of Lp(a). RESULTS Annexin A5 binding to the cell membrane was attenuated by a high concentration of Lp(a) in both HUVEC and HepG2 membrane surfaces. The phenomenon was also observed with annexin A5 surface labeling of HepG2 cells and flow cytometry analysis. CONCLUSIONS The results imply that Lp(a) interferes with annexin A5 binding to the procoagulant PS which translocates to the membrane surface under stress condition and therefore may increase the risk for thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chi Fu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan
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Hoover-Plow J, Hart E, Gong Y, Shchurin A, Schneeman T. A physiological function for apolipoprotein(a): a natural regulator of the inflammatory response. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2008; 234:28-34. [PMID: 18997104 DOI: 10.3181/0804-rm-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural similarities between apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)), the unique apoprotein of lipoprotein(a), and plasminogen, the zymogen of plasmin, can interfere with functions of plasmin (ogen) in vitro. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of apo(a) in inflammation in vivo using apo(a) transgenic mice and to determine if effects are plasminogen-dependent using backgrounds that are either plasminogen-replete or plasminogen-deficient. After administration of peritoneal inflammatory stimuli, thioglycollate, bioimplants or lipopolysaccharide, the number of responding peritoneal neutrophils and macrophages were quantified. Apo(a), in either wild-type or plasminogen deficient backgrounds, inhibited neutrophil recruitment but had no effect on plasminogen-dependent macrophage recruitment. Macrophage-inflammatory protein-2, a neutrophil chemokine, was reduced in apo(a) mice, and injection of this chemokine prior to thioglycollate restored neutrophil recruitment in apo(a) transgenic mice. In the lipopolysaccharide model, mice with apo(a), unlike mice without apo(a), did not increase neutrophil recruitment in response to the stimulus. In the bioimplant model, neutrophil recruitment and neutrophil cytokines were reduced in apo(a)tg mice but only in a plasminogen-deficient background. These results indicate for the first time that apo(a), independent of plasminogen interaction, inhibits neutrophil recruitment in vivo in diverse peritoneal inflammatory models. Hence, apo(a) may function as a cell specific suppressor of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Hoover-Plow
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, NB50, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Gong Y, Hart E, Shchurin A, Hoover-Plow J. Inflammatory macrophage migration requires MMP-9 activation by plasminogen in mice. J Clin Invest 2008; 118:3012-24. [PMID: 18677407 DOI: 10.1172/jci32750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a critical role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Infiltration of leukocytes to sites of injury requires their exit from the blood and migration across basement membrane; this process has been postulated to require remodeling of the ECM. Plasminogen (Plg) is a protease that binds to the ECM and, upon conversion to plasmin, degrades multiple ECM proteins. In addition, plasmin directly activates MMPs. Here, we used Plg(-/-) mice to investigate the role of Plg in inflammatory leukocyte migration. After induction of peritonitis by thioglycollate injection, we found that Plg(-/-) mice displayed diminished macrophage trans-ECM migration and decreased MMP-9 activation. Furthermore, injection of the active form of MMP-9 in Plg(-/-) mice rescued macrophage migration in this model. We used periaortic application of CaCl2 to induce abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and found that Plg(-/-) mice displayed reduced macrophage infiltration and were protected from aneurysm formation. Administration of active MMP-9 to Plg(-/-) mice promoted macrophage infiltration and the development of AAA. These data suggest that Plg regulates macrophage migration in inflammation via activation of MMP-9, which, in turn, regulates the ability of the cells to migrate across ECM. Thus, targeting the Plg/MMP-9 pathway may be an attractive approach to regulate inflammatory responses and AAA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Gong
- Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Hoover-Plow J, Shchurin A, Hart E, Sha J, Hill AE, Singer JB, Nadeau JH. Genetic background determines response to hemostasis and thrombosis. BMC HEMATOLOGY 2006; 6:6. [PMID: 17022820 PMCID: PMC1617083 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2326-6-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2006] [Accepted: 10/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Thrombosis is the fatal and disabling consequence of cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in Western countries. Two inbred mouse strains, C57BL/6J and A/J, have marked differences in susceptibility to obesity, atherosclerosis, and vessel remodeling. However, it is unclear how these diverse genetic backgrounds influence pathways known to regulate thrombosis and hemostasis. The objective of this study was to evaluate thrombosis and hemostasis in these two inbred strains and determine the phenotypic response of A/J chromosomes in the C57BL/6J background. Methods A/J and C57Bl/6J mice were evaluated for differences in thrombosis and hemostasis. A thrombus was induced in the carotid artery by application of the exposed carotid to ferric chloride and blood flow measured until the vessel occluded. Bleeding and rebleeding times, as surrogate markers for thrombosis and hemostasis, were determined after clipping the tail and placing in warm saline. Twenty-one chromosome substitution strains, A/J chromosomes in a C57BL/6J background, were screened for response to the tail bleeding assay. Results Thrombus occlusion time was markedly decreased in the A/J mice compared to C57BL/6J mice. Tail bleeding time was similar in the two strains, but rebleeding time was markedly increased in the A/J mice compared to C57BL/6J mice. Coagulation times and tail morphology were similar, but tail collagen content was higher in A/J than C57BL/6J mice. Three chromosome substitution strains, B6-Chr5A/J, B6-Chr11A/J, and B6-Chr17A/J, were identified with increased rebleeding time, a phenotype similar to A/J mice. Mice heterosomic for chromosomes 5 or 17 had rebleeding times similar to C57BL/6J mice, but when these two chromosome substitution strains, B6-Chr5A/J and B6-Chr17A/J, were crossed, the A/J phenotype was restored in these doubly heterosomic progeny. Conclusion These results indicate that susceptibility to arterial thrombosis and haemostasis is remarkably different in C57BL/and A/J mice. Three A/J chromosome substitution strains were identified that expressed a phenotype similar to A/J for rebleeding, the C57Bl/6J background could modify the A/J phenotype, and the combination of two A/J QTL could restore the phenotype. The diverse genetic backgrounds and differences in response to vascular injury induced thrombosis and the tail bleeding assay, suggest the potential for identifying novel genetic determinants of thrombotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Hoover-Plow
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Aleksey Shchurin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Erika Hart
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jingfeng Sha
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Annie E Hill
- Department of Genetics, Case University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathan B Singer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph H Nadeau
- Department of Genetics, Case University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Undas A, Stepien E, Tracz W, Szczeklik A. Lipoprotein(a) as a modifier of fibrin clot permeability and susceptibility to lysis. J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4:973-5. [PMID: 16689745 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.01903.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Undas
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, 80 Pradnicka Street, 31-022 Cracow, Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hoover-Plow
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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