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Lee W, Kim MA, Park I, Hwang JS, Na M, Bae JS. Novel direct factor Xa inhibitory compounds from Tenebrio molitor with anti-platelet aggregation activity. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:19-27. [PMID: 28844963 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tenebrio molitor is an edible insect that has antimicrobial, anticancer, and antihypertensive effects. The aim of this study was to identify the unreported bioactive compounds from T. molitor larvae with inhibitory activities against factor Xa (FXa) and platelet aggregation. Isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-FXa and anti-platelet aggregation properties by monitoring clotting time, platelet aggregation, FXa activity, and thrombus formation. A diketopiperazine (1, cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr)) and a phenylethanoid (2, N-acetyltyramine) were isolated and inhibited the catalytic activity of FXa in a mixed inhibition model and inhibited platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and U46619. They inhibited ADP- and U46619-induced phosphorylation of myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) and the expression of P-selectin and PAC-1 in platelets. They also improved the production of nitric oxide and inhibited the oversecretion of endothelin-1 compared to that of the ADP- or U46619-treated group. In an animal model of arterial and pulmonary thrombosis, the isolated compounds showed enhanced antithrombotic effects. They also elicited anticoagulant effects in mice. Compounds 1-2 inhibited ADP-, collagen-, or U46619-induced platelet aggregation and showed similar anti-thrombotic efficacy to rivaroxaban, a positive control. Therefore, 1-2 could serve as candidates and provide scaffolds for the development of new anti-FXa and anti-platelet drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biology, The National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - InWha Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sam Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biology, The National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - MinKyun Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Lee W, Lee H, Kim MA, Choi J, Kim KM, Hwang JS, Na M, Bae JS. Evaluation of novel factor Xa inhibitors from Oxya chinensis sinuosa with anti-platelet aggregation activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7934. [PMID: 28801633 PMCID: PMC5554137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The edible grasshopper Oxya chinensis sinuosa is consumed worldwide for its various medicinal effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential bioactive antithrombotic and antiplatelet compounds from O. chinensis sinuosa. Five N-acetyldopamine dimers (1–5) were isolated from O. chinensis sinuosa and compounds 1 and 2 were identified as new chemicals with chiral centers at H-2 and H-3 of the benzo-1,4-dioxane structure. Compounds 1–4 were found to have both FXa and platelet aggregation inhibitory activities. These compounds inhibited the catalytic activity of FXa toward its synthetic substrate, S-2222, by noncompetitive inhibition, and inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP and U46619. Furthermore, compounds 1–4 showed enhanced antithrombotic effects, which were assessed using in vivo models of pulmonary embolism and arterial thrombosis. The isolated compounds also showed anticoagulant effects in mice. However, compounds 1–4 did not prolong bleeding time in mice, as shown by tail clipping. N-Acetyldopamine dimers, including two new stereoisomers 1 and 2, are novel antithrombotic compounds showing both FXa inhibition and antiplatelet aggregation activity with a low bleeding risk. Collectively, these results suggest that compounds 1–4 could serve as candidates and provide scaffolds for development of new antithrombotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - HeeSeung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, The National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju-gun, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhyeok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied BioSciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sam Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biology, The National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju-gun, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - MinKyun Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Lee W, Ku SK, Kim MA, Bae JS. Anti-factor Xa activities of zingerone with anti-platelet aggregation activity. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 105:186-193. [PMID: 28414123 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zingerone (ZGR), a phenolic alkanone found in Zingiber officinale, has been reported to have various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and protecting myocardial infarction and irritable bowel disorder. The aim was to identify the unreported bioactive anti-factor Xa (FXa) and anti-platelet activities of ZGR. ZGR was evaluated for their anti-FXa and anti-platelet aggregation properties by monitoring clotting time, platelet aggregation, FXa activity and production, and thrombus formation. ZGR reduced activated partial thromboplastin time and it inhibited the catalytic activity of FXa toward its substrate S-2222 in a noncompetitive inhibition model and inhibited platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and U46619 (not thrombin). However, ZGR did not prolong bleeding time in mice, as shown by tail clipping. ZGR also inhibited ADP- and U46619- induced phosphorylation of myristolated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) and the expressions of P-selectin and PAC-1 in platelets. In an animal model of arterial and pulmonary thrombosis, ZGR showed enhanced antithrombotic effects. ZGR also elicited anticoagulant effects in mice. Our results reveal that ZGR is an antithrombotic compound with both FXa inhibitory and anti-platelet aggregation activities. Collectively, these results show that ZGR could serve as candidates and provide scaffolds for the development of new anti-FXa and anti-platelet drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biology, The National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Lee J, Lee W, Kim MA, Hwang JS, Na M, Bae JS. Inhibition of platelet aggregation and thrombosis by indole alkaloids isolated from the edible insect Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe). J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:1217-1227. [PMID: 27997749 PMCID: PMC5431138 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe) has been temporarily registered as a food material by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety of Korea (MFDS). The current study aimed to discover small antithrombotic molecules from this edible insect. Five indole alkaloids, 5‐hydroxyindolin‐2‐one (1), (1R,3S)‐1‐methyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐β‐carboline‐3‐carboxylic acid (2), (1S,3S)‐1‐methyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐β‐carboline‐3‐carboxylic acid (3), (3S)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐β‐carboline‐3‐carboxylic acid (4) and L‐tryptophan (5), were isolated from the insect. Among them, compounds 1 and 2 prolonged aPTT and PT and impaired thrombin and FXa generation on HUVEC surface. Moreover, these compounds inhibited platelet aggregation. Antithrombotic effects of compounds 1 and 2 were further confirmed in pre‐clinical models of pulmonary embolism and arterial thrombosis. Collectively, these results demonstrated that compounds 1 and 2 could be effective antithrombotic agents and serve as new scaffolds for the development of antithrombotic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- JungIn Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Agricultural Biology, The National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sam Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biology, The National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - MinKyun Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Lee W, Lee J, Kulkarni R, Kim MA, Hwang JS, Na M, Bae JS. Antithrombotic and antiplatelet activities of small-molecule alkaloids from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21956. [PMID: 26905699 PMCID: PMC4764974 DOI: 10.1038/srep21956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to discover small-molecule anticoagulants from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans (SSM). A new acylated polyamine (1) and a new sulfated quinoline alkaloid (2) were isolated from SSM. Treatment with the new alkaloids 1, 2, and indole acetic acid 4 prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time and inhibited the activity and production of thrombin and activated factor X. Furthermore, compounds 1, 2, and 4 inhibited thrombin-catalyzed fibrin polymerization and platelet aggregation. In accordance with these potential in vitro antiplatelet activities, compounds 1, 2, and 4 showed enhanced antithrombotic effects in an in vivo pulmonary embolism and arterial thrombosis model. Compounds 1, 2, and 4 also elicited anticoagulant effects in mice. Collectively, this study may serve as the groundwork for commercializing SSM or compounds 1, 2, and 4 as functional food components for the prevention and treatment of pathogenic conditions and serve as new scaffolds for the development of anticoagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - JungIn Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Roshan Kulkarni
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, The National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, 166 Nongsaengmyoungro, Wanju-gun, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sam Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biology, The National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, 166 Nongsaengmyoungro, Wanju-gun, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - MinKyun Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Ku SK, Yoon EK, Lee W, Kwon S, Lee T, Bae JS. Antithrombotic and antiplatelet activities of pelargonidin in vivo and in vitro. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:398-408. [PMID: 26762345 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pelargonidin is a well-known red pigment found in plants, and has been reported as having important biological activities that are potentially beneficial for human health. However, the possible roles of pelargonidin as an anticoagulant and the underlying mechanism have not yet been elucidated. We tested the effect of pelargonidin and its glucoside-conjugated form, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, on the clotting times, such as activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT), and the activities and productions of thrombin and activated factor X (FXa). Furthermore, the effects of pelargonidin on the fibrin polymerization, platelet aggregation, and the ratio of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) to tissue plasminogen activator were determined. Pelargonidin, but not pelargonidin-3-glucoside, prolonged the aPTT and PT, and inhibited the activity and production of thrombin and FXa in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Furthermore, pelargonidin inhibited thrombin-catalyzed fibrin polymerization and platelet aggregation and elicited anticoagulant effects in mice. In addition, pelargonidin significantly reduced PAI-1 to t-PA ratio. Collectively, these results indicate that the anthocyanin pelargonidin possesses antithrombotic activity, and can be beneficial in preventing thrombus formation, thus improving blood circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 712-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinae Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea.
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Mahlangu JN, Weldingh KN, Lentz SR, Kaicker S, Karim FA, Matsushita T, Recht M, Tomczak W, Windyga J, Ehrenforth S, Knobe K. Changes in the amino acid sequence of the recombinant human factor VIIa analog, vatreptacog alfa, are associated with clinical immunogenicity. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:1989-98. [PMID: 26362483 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vatreptacog alfa, a recombinant human factor VIIa (rFVIIa) analog developed to improve the treatment of bleeds in hemophilia patients with inhibitors, differs from native FVIIa by three amino acid substitutions. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover, confirmatory phase III trial (adept(™) 2), 8/72 (11%) hemophilia A or B patients with inhibitors treated for acute bleeds developed anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) to vatreptacog alfa. OBJECTIVES To characterize the formation of anti-vatreptacog alfa ADAs in hemophilia patients with inhibitors. METHODS/PATIENTS This was a post hoc analysis of adept(™) 2. Immunoglobulin isotype determination, specificity analysis of rFVIIa cross-reactive antibodies, epitope mapping of rFVIIa single mutant analogs and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiling were performed to characterize the ADAs. RESULTS Immunoglobulin isotyping indicated that the ADAs were of the immunoglobulin G subtype. In epitope mapping, none of the rFVIIa single mutant analogs (V158D, E296V or M298Q) contained the complete antibody epitope, confirming that the antibodies were specific for vatreptacog alfa. In two patients, for whom PK profiling was performed both before and after the development of ADAs, vatreptacog alfa showed a prolonged elimination phase following ADA development. During the follow-up evaluation, the rFVIIa cross-reactivity disappeared after the last vatreptacog alfa exposure, despite continued exposure to rFVIIa as part of standard care. CONCLUSIONS Results from the vatreptacog alfa phase III trial demonstrate that the specific changes made, albeit relatively small, to the FVIIa molecule alter its clinical immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Mahlangu
- Haemophilia Comprehensive Care Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - S R Lentz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - S Kaicker
- Maimonides Medical Centre, New York, NY, USA
| | - F A Karim
- Haemophilia Centre, National Blood Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - T Matsushita
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Recht
- Hemophilia Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - W Tomczak
- Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - J Windyga
- Department of Disorders of Haemostasis and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - K Knobe
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark
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Lee W, Bae JS. Antithrombotic and antiplatelet activities of orientin in vitro and in vivo. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Ku SK, Bae JS. Antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities of purpurogallin in vitro and in vivo. BMB Rep 2015; 47:376-81. [PMID: 24286332 PMCID: PMC4163855 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2014.47.7.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic oxidation of pyrogallol was efficiently transformed to an oxidative product, purpurogallin (PPG). Here, the anticoagulant activities of PPG were examined by monitoring activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), and the activities of thrombin and activated factor X (FXa). And, the effects of PPG on expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) were evaluated in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Treatment with PPG resulted in prolonged aPTT and PT and inhibition of the activities of thrombin and FXa, as well as inhibited production of thrombin and FXa in HUVECs. In addition, PPG inhibited thrombin-catalyzed fibrin polymerization and platelet aggregation. PPG also elicited anticoagulant effects in mice. In addition, treatment with PPG resulted in significant reduction of the PAI-1 to t-PA ratio. Collectively, PPG possesses antithrombotic activities and offers a basis for development of a novel anticoagulant. [BMB Reports 2014; 47(7): 376-381]
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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Antithrombotic activities of aspalathin and nothofagin via inhibiting platelet aggregation and FIIa/FXa. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:1080-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ku SK, Bae JS. Antithrombotic activities of wogonin and wogonoside via inhibiting platelet aggregation. Fitoterapia 2014; 98:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lentz SR, Ehrenforth S, Karim FA, Matsushita T, Weldingh KN, Windyga J, Mahlangu JN. Recombinant factor VIIa analog in the management of hemophilia with inhibitors: results from a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of vatreptacog alfa. J Thromb Haemost 2014; 12:1244-53. [PMID: 24931322 PMCID: PMC4238784 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vatreptacog alfa, a recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) analog with three amino acid substitutions and 99% identity to native FVIIa, was developed to improve the treatment of hemophilic patients with inhibitors. OBJECTIVES To confirm the safety and assess the efficacy of vatreptacog alfa in treating bleeding episodes in hemophilic patients with inhibitors. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this international, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, crossover, confirmatory phase III trial (adept(™) 2) in patients with hemophilia A or B and inhibitors, bleeds were randomized 3 : 2 to treatment with vatreptacog alfa (one to three doses at 80 μg kg(-1) ) or rFVIIa (one to three doses at 90 μg kg(-1) ). Treatment failures after three doses of trial product (TP) were managed according to the local standard of care. RESULTS In the 72 patients enrolled, 567 bleeds were treated with TP. Both vatreptacog alfa and rFVIIa gave 93% effective bleeding control at 12 h. Vatreptacog alfa was superior to rFVIIa in secondary efficacy outcomes, including the number of doses used to treat a bleed and sustained bleeding control 24-48 h after the first dose. Eight patients (11%) developed antibodies against vatreptacog alfa, including four with cross-reactivity against rFVIIa and one with an in vitro neutralizing effect to vatreptacog alfa. CONCLUSIONS This large randomized controlled trial confirmed the well-established efficacy and safety profile of rFVIIa, and showed that vatreptacog alfa had similar or better efficacy than rFVIIa. However, because of the development of anti-drug antibodies, a positive benefit-risk profile is unlikely to be achieved with vatreptacog alfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Lentz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and profibrinolytic activities of baicalin. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:893-903. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ku SK, Bae JS. Antithrombotic activities of sulforaphane via inhibiting platelet aggregation and FIIa/FXa. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 37:1454-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ku SK, Bae JS. Antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and profibrinolytic activities of withaferin A. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 60:120-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Ku SK, Kim JA, Han CK, Bae JS. Antithrombotic activities of epi-sesamin in vitro and in vivo. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2013; 41:1313-27. [PMID: 24228603 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x13500882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sesamin (SM) and epi-sesamin (ESM) were isolated from Asarum sieboldii and their anticoagulant activities were examined by monitoring activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), and the activities of cell-based thrombin and activated factor X (FXa). In addition, the effects of SM and ESM on the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) were tested in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Treatment with ESM, but not SM, resulted in significantly prolonged aPTT and PT and inhibition of the activities of thrombin and FXa, and ESM inhibited production of thrombin and FXa in HUVECs; and ESM inhibited thrombin-catalyzed fibrin polymerization and platelet aggregation. In accordance with these anticoagulant activities, ESM elicited anticoagulant effects in mice. In addition, treatment with ESM, but not SM, resulted in the inhibition of TNF-α-induced production of PAI-1, and treatment with ESM resulted in a significant reduction of the PAI-1 to t-PA ratio. Of particular interest, inhibition of the anticoagulant activity by ESM was more potent than that by SM, likely due to differences between their three-dimensional structures. Collectively, ESM possesses antithrombotic activities and offers a basis for the development of a novel anticoagulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Republic of Korea
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Antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and profibrinolytic activities of cudratricusxanthone A. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 37:1069-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lee W, Yoo H, Ku SK, Kim JA, Bae JS. Anticoagulant activities of piperlonguminine in vitro and in vivo. BMB Rep 2013; 46:484-9. [PMID: 24148768 PMCID: PMC4133832 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2013.46.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Piperlonguminine (PL), an important component of Piper longum fruits, is known to exhibit anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-platelet and anti-melanogenic activities. Here, the anticoagulant activities of PL were examined by monitoring activated-partial-thromboplastin-time (aPTT), prothrombin-time (PT), and the activities of thrombin and activated factor X (FXa). The effects of PL on the expressions of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) were also tested in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) activated HUVECs. The results showed that PL prolonged aPTT and PT significantly and inhibited the activities of thrombin and FXa. PL inhibited the generation of thrombin and FXa in HUVECs. In accordance with these anticoagulant activities, PL prolonged in vivo bleeding time and inhibited TNF-α induced PAI-1 production. Furthermore, PAI-1/t-PA ratio was significan- tly decreased by PL. Collectively, our results suggest that PL possesses antithrombotic activities and that the current study could provide bases for the development of new anticoagulant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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Ku SK, Lee IC, Kim JA, Bae JS. Antithrombotic activities of pellitorine in vitro and in vivo. Fitoterapia 2013; 91:1-8. [PMID: 23973654 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pellitorine (PLT), an active amide compound, is well known to possess insecticidal, antibacterial and anticancer properties. However, the anti-coagulant functions of PLT are not studied yet. Here, the anticoagulant activities of PLT were examined by monitoring activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), and the activities of cell-based thrombin and activated factor X (FXa). Furthermore, the effects of PLT on the expressions of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) were tested in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Treatment with PLT resulted in prolonged aPTT and PT and inhibition of the activities of thrombin and FXa, and PLT inhibited production of thrombin and FXa in HUVECs. And PLT inhibited thrombin-catalyzed fibrin polymerization and platelet aggregation. In accordance with these anticoagulant activities, PLT elicited anticoagulant effects in mouse. In addition, treatment with PLT resulted in the inhibition of TNF-α-induced production of PAI-1 and in the significant reduction of the PAI-1 to t-PA ratio. Collectively, PLT possesses antithrombotic activities and offers bases for development of a novel anticoagulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chul Lee
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Seowon University, Cheongju 361-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701 Republic of Korea.
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Ku SK, Lee IC, Bae JS. Antithrombotic activities of oroxylin A in vitro and in vivo. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 37:679-86. [PMID: 23963976 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Here, the anticoagulant activities of oroxylin A (OroA), a major component of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, were examined by monitoring activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), and the activities of cell-based thrombin and activated factor X (FXa). Furthermore, the effects of OroA on the expressions of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) were tested in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Treatment with OroA resulted in prolonged aPTT and PT and inhibition of the activities of thrombin and FXa, and OroA inhibited production of thrombin and FXa in HUVECs. And OroA inhibited thrombin-catalyzed fibrin polymerization and platelet aggregation. In accordance with these anticoagulant activities, OroA elicited anticoagulant effects in mouse. In addition, treatment of OroA resulted in the inhibition of TNF-α-induced production of PAI-1, and treatment with OroA resulted in the significant reduction of the PAI-1 to t-PA ratio. Collectively, OroA possess antithrombotic activities and offer bases for development of a novel anticoagulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 712-715, Republic of Korea
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Ku SK, Kim TH, Bae JS. Anticoagulant activities of persicarin and isorhamnetin. Vascul Pharmacol 2013; 58:272-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Antithrombotic and profibrinolytic activities of isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside and hyperoside. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 53:197-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Factor VIIa. Platelets 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387837-3.00061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Curcumin, a polyphenol responsible for the yellow color of the curry spice turmeric, possesses antiinflammatory, antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activities. However, anticoagulant activities of curcumin have not been studied. Here, the anticoagulant properties of curcumin and its derivative (bisdemethoxycurcumin, BDMC) were determined by monitoring activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT) as well as cell-based thrombin and activated factor X (FXa) generation activities. Data showed that curcumin and BDMC prolonged aPTT and PT significantly and inhibited thrombin and FXa activities. They inhibited the generation of thrombin or FXa. In accordance with these anticoagulant activities, curcumin and BDMC showed anticoagulant effect in vivo. Surprisingly, these anticoagulant effects of curcumin were better than those of BDMC indicating that methoxy group in curcumin positively regulated anticoagulant function of curcumin. Therefore, these results suggest that curcumin and BDMC possess antithrombotic activities and daily consumption of the curry spice turmeric might help maintain anticoagulant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Chan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Lee WH, Yang EJ, Ku SK, Song KS, Bae JS. Anticoagulant activities of oleanolic acid via inhibition of tissue factor expressions. BMB Rep 2012; 45:390-5. [DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2012.45.7.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Kim TH, Ku SK, Bae JS. Antithrombotic and profibrinolytic activities of eckol and dieckol. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:2877-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
It is generally believed that only a small fraction of the tissue factor (TF) found on cell surfaces is active whereas the vast majority is cryptic in coagulation. It is unclear how cryptic TF differs from the coagulant active TF or potential mechanisms involved in transformation of cryptic TF to the coagulant active form. Exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) in response to various chemical or pathophysiological stimuli has been considered as the most potent inducer of TF decryption. In addition to PS, TF self-association and association with specialized membrane domains may also play a role in TF decryption. It has been suggested recently that protein disulfide isomerase regulates TF decryption through its oxidoreductase activity by targeting Cys186-Cys209 disulfide bond in TF extracellular domain or regulating the PS equilibrium at the plasma membrane. However, this hypothesis requires further validation to become an accepted mechanism. In this article, we critically review literature on TF encryption/decryption with specific emphasis on recently published data and provide our perspective on this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vijaya Mohan Rao
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708, USA.
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de Paula EV, Kavakli K, Mahlangu J, Ayob Y, Lentz SR, Morfini M, Nemes L, Šalek SZ, Shima M, Windyga J, Ehrenforth S, Chuansumrit A. Recombinant factor VIIa analog (vatreptacog alfa [activated]) for treatment of joint bleeds in hemophilia patients with inhibitors: a randomized controlled trial. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:81-9. [PMID: 22470921 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recombinant factor VIIa analog (NN1731; vatreptacog alfa [activated]) was developed to provide safe, rapid and sustained resolution of bleeds in patients with hemophilia and inhibitors. PATIENTS/METHODS This global, prospective, randomized, double-blinded, active-controlled, dose-escalation trial evaluated and compared one to three doses of vatreptacog alfa at 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 lg kg(-1) with one to three doses of recombinant FVIIa (rFVIIa) at 90 lg kg(-1) in the treatment of acute joint bleeds in hemophilia patients with inhibitors. The primary endpoint comprised adverse events; secondary endpoints were evaluations of immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Overall, 96 joint bleeds in 51 patients (> 12 years of age) were dosed. Vatreptacog alfa was well tolerated, with a low frequency of adverse events. No immunogenic or thrombotic events related to vatreptacog alfa were reported. A high efficacy rate of vatreptacog alfa in controlling acute joint bleeds was observed; 98% of bleeds were controlled within 9 h of the initial dose in a combined evaluation of 20–80 lg kg(-1) vatreptacog alfa. The efficacy rate observed for rFVIIa (90%) is consistent with data from published clinical trials. The trial was not powered to compare efficacy, and further trials are needed to investigate the efficacy of vatreptacog alfa as compared with that of rFVIIa. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov ( REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00486278).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich V de Paula
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Gray LD, Hussey MA, Larson BM, Machlus KR, Campbell RA, Koch G, Ezban M, Hedner U, Wolberg AS. Recombinant factor VIIa analog NN1731 (V158D/E296V/M298Q-FVIIa) enhances fibrin formation, structure and stability in lipidated hemophilic plasma. Thromb Res 2011; 128:570-6. [PMID: 21561645 PMCID: PMC3156970 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The bypassing agent recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) is efficacious in treating bleeding in hemophilia patients with inhibitors. Efforts have focused on the rational engineering of rFVIIa variants with increased hemostatic potential. One rFVIIa analog (V158D/E296V/M298Q-FVIIa, NN1731) improves thrombin generation and clotting in purified systems, whole blood from hemophilic patients and factor VIII-deficient mice. METHODS We used calibrated automated thrombography and plasma clotting assays to compare effects of bypassing agents (rFVIIa, NN1731) on hemophilic clot formation, structure, and ability to resist fibrinolysis. RESULTS Both rFVIIa and NN1731 shortened the clotting onset and increased the maximum rate of fibrin formation and fibrin network density in hemophilic plasma clots. In the presence of tissue plasminogen activator, both rFVIIa and NN1731 shortened the time to peak turbidity (TTPeak(tPA)) and increased the area under the clot formation curve (AUC(tPA)). Phospholipids increased both rFVIIa and NN1731 activity in a lipid concentration-dependent manner. Estimated geometric mean concentrations of rFVIIa and NN1731 producing similar onset, rate, TTPeak(tPA), and AUC(tPA) as seen with 100% factors VIII and IX were: 24.5, 74.3, 29.7, and 37.1 nM rFVIIa, and 8.6, 31.2, 9.0, and 11.3 nM NN1731, respectively. In each case, the NN1731 concentration was significantly lower than rFVIIa. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that like rFVIIa, NN1731 improves the formation, structure, and stability of hemophilic clots. Higher lipid concentrations may facilitate assessment of both rFVIIa and NN1731 activity. NN1731 appears likely to support rapid clot formation in tissues with high endogenous fibrinolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D. Gray
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael A. Hussey
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brittany M. Larson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kellie R. Machlus
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert A. Campbell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gary Koch
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mirella Ezban
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Ulla Hedner
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Alisa S. Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Bae JS. Antithrombotic and profibrinolytic activities of phloroglucinol. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1572-7. [PMID: 21501649 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phloroglucinol is the monomeric units of phlorotannins abundant in brown algae. Several biological effects of phloroglucinol have been reported, however, antithrombotic and profibrinolytic activities of phloroglucinol have not been studied yet. In this study, the anticoagulant properties of phloroglucinol were determined by assays of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT) and cell based thrombin and activated factor X (FXa) generation activities. And the effects of phloroglucinol on the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) were tested in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) activated human endothelial cells (HUVECs). I found that phloroglucinol prolonged aPTT and PT significantly and inhibited thrombin and FXa generation in HUVECs. Furthermore, phloroglucinol inhibited TNF-α induced PAI-1 production. I then used pathway inhibitors to investigate which step of the TNF-α induced signaling pathway was targeted by phloroglucinol. I observed that the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor increased the inhibitory effects of phloroglucinol, whereas the nuclear factor factor-κB (NF-κB) and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor did not. Therefore these results suggest that phloroglucinol possess antithrombotic and profibrinolytic activities and that NF-κB and ERK pathways are possible targets of phloroglucinol in the regulation of TNF-α stimulated PAI-1 production in HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Sup Bae
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
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Hoffman M, Volovyk Z, Persson E, Gabriel DA, Ezban M, Monroe DM. Platelet binding and activity of a factor VIIa variant with enhanced tissue factor independent activity. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:759-66. [PMID: 21294824 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04223.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Platelet binding and activity play important roles in the efficacy of factor VIIa (FVIIa) as a bypassing agent for hemophilia treatment. An analog of FVIIa with increased tissue factor (TF)-independent activity, NN1731, has been produced by introducing three amino acid changes in the protease domain. NN1731 has a conformation similar to TF-bound FVIIa, even in the absence of TF. This results in much greater intrinsic proteolytic activity, but similar activity in the presence of TF. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that these changes would not alter binding to platelets or phospholipid, a characteristic thought to be localized to the Gla domain. The goal of the current work was to compare platelet binding and activity of NN1731 and wild-type FVIIa. METHODS/RESULTS FVIIa and NN1731 bound identically to phospholipid vesicles as assessed by both activity assays and electrophoretic quasielastic light scattering techniques. However, NN1731 bound to a greater number of sites on activated platelets than FVIIa, as assessed by flow cytometry. Removal of the Gla domain abolished binding of both FVIIa and NN1731. Inhibition of the active site did not reduce NN1731 binding to the level of FVIIa. When corrected for the amount of protein bound, NN1731 had greater activity than FVIIa on platelet surfaces. CONCLUSIONS While the Gla domain is essential for FVIIa binding to platelets, changes in the protease domain in NN1731 enhanced platelet binding as well as proteolytic activity. Features in addition to lipid composition appear to contribute to binding of rFVIIa and, especially, NN1731 to platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hoffman
- Duke University, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
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Sen P, Neuenschwander PF, Pendurthi UR, Rao LVM. Analysis of factor VIIa binding to relipidated tissue factor by surface plasmon resonance. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2010; 21:376-9. [PMID: 20305542 PMCID: PMC2864353 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0b013e328333b084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic analysis of the tissue factor (TF)-factor VIIa (FVIIa) binding interaction is helpful in investigating the structure-function relationships of TF-FVIIa. However, a wide variation exists among the reported binding affinities of FVIIa to TF, particularly when comparing KD values obtained from functional activity assays versus ligand binding studies. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique was used frequently to investigate binding kinetics of FVIIa to TF in a lipid-free environment. In the present study we used TF embedded in a phospholipid bilayer for determining binding kinectis using SPR. The data revealed that FVIIa had a much higher binding affinity (>100-fold) for TF embedded in the phospholiid bilayer than TF in a lipid-free environment, approaching the KD values that were noted in the enzymatic activity assays. The present data suggest that SPR binding studies using TF embedded in phospholipids is more appropriate for investigating how FVIIa (or FVIIa mutants/derivatives) may interact with TF in physiological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosenjit Sen
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Texas 75708, USA
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Ammollo CT, Semeraro F, Incampo F, Semeraro N, Colucci M. Dabigatran enhances clot susceptibility to fibrinolysis by mechanisms dependent on and independent of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:790-8. [PMID: 20088944 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anticoagulants are expected to promote fibrinolysis by counteracting the antifibrinolytic effects of thrombin, which include thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) activation and clot structure enhancement. However, the efficiency of anticoagulants may vary remarkably, and the ability of direct thrombin inhibitors to facilitate clot lysis remains controversial. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the profibrinolytic effect of dabigatran, a new, direct thrombin inhibitor, using different in vitro models. METHODS AND RESULTS The resistance of tissue factor-induced plasma clots to fibrinolysis by exogenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) (turbidimetric method) was reduced by dabigatran in a concentration-dependent manner, with > or = 50% shortening of lysis time at clinically relevant concentrations (1-2 microm). A similar effect was observed in the presence of low (0.1 and 1 nm) but not high (10 nm) concentrations of thrombomodulin. Acceleration of clot lysis by dabigatran was associated with a reduction in TAFI activation and thrombin generation, and was largely, although not completely, negated by an inhibitor of activated TAFI, potato tuber carboxypeptidase inhibitor. The assessment of the viscoelastic properties of clots showed that those generated in the presence of dabigatran were more permeable, were less rigid, and consisted of thicker fibers. The impact of these physical changes on fibrinolysis was investigated using a model under flow conditions, which demonstrated that dabigatran made the clots markedly more susceptible to flowing t-PA, by a mechanism that was largely TAFI-independent. CONCLUSIONS Dabigatran, at clinically relevant concentrations, enhances the susceptibility of plasma clots to t-PA-induced lysis by reducing TAFI activation and by altering the clot structure. These mechanisms might contribute to the antithrombotic activity of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Ammollo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of General and Experimental Pathology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Øvlisen K, Kristensen AT, Jensen AL, Tranholm M. IL-1 beta, IL-6, KC and MCP-1 are elevated in synovial fluid from haemophilic mice with experimentally induced haemarthrosis. Haemophilia 2010; 15:802-10. [PMID: 19444976 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2008.01973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The hallmark of haemophilia is the joint morbidity resulting from haemarthrosis that accounts for the majority of the bleeds. The exact mechanisms underlying changes are not fully elucidated. Cytokines are speculated to be involved in the progression and in vitro studies have confirmed the presence of elevated levels of cytokines in synovial tissue and cartilage from patients with haemophilic synovitis. In this study, the presence of selected cytokines in synovial fluid from haemophilia A mice with experimentally induced haemarthroses treated with rFVIII, rFVIIa and an rFVIIa analogue were investigated. Ten cytokines previously shown to be involved in arthritic syndromes were evaluated. Interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF- alpha), keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), Regulated upon Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were included. In this article, we demonstrate, for the first time, that bleeding in knee joints of haemophilia A mice resulted in correlated increased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines: IL-1 beta, IL-6, KC and the MCP-1 in synovial fluid. These results suggest an important role of MCP-1 in the recruitment of monocytes and furthermore that the inflamed synovium releases IL-1 beta, IL-6 and KC, which in turn might contribute to further progression of the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Øvlisen
- Haemostasis Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, Dk-2760 Måløv, Denmark.
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35
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Levy JH, Levi M. A modified recombinant factor VIIa: can we make it work harder, better, faster, stronger? J Thromb Haemost 2009; 7:1514-6. [PMID: 19583825 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03546.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Levy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Holmberg HL, Lauritzen B, Tranholm M, Ezban M. Faster onset of effect and greater efficacy of NN1731 compared with rFVIIa, aPCC and FVIII in tail bleeding in hemophilic mice. J Thromb Haemost 2009; 7:1517-22. [PMID: 19566792 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa, Novoseven) is currently used to control bleeding in hemophiliacs with inhibitors. A new rFVIIa variant, NN1731, with increased activity on the surface of activated platelets, has demonstrated a more potent and faster onset of reactivity than rFVIIa in various in vitro models. The present study aimed to investigate whether this translates into greater efficacy and faster promotion of hemostasis in vivo. METHOD AND RESULTS In a severe tail-bleeding model in hemophilia A mice, NN1731 demonstrated significantly greater efficacy than rFVIIa, plasma-derived activated prothrombin complex concentrate (pd-aPCC, FEIBA or FVIII (Refacto). Assessment of the blood loss over time showed that NN1731 significantly and dose-dependently reduced the blood loss in the first 5-min observation period, whereas the effect of rFVIIa, FVIII and pd-aPCC first became evident 5-10 min after injury. CONCLUSION This study shows that NN1731 has a greater efficacy and faster resolution of bleeding in a severe bleeding model in hemophilia A mice compared with any of the other agents tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Holmberg
- Department of Haemostasis Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk, Maaloev, Denmark
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Nichols TC, Dillow AM, Franck HWG, Merricks EP, Raymer RA, Bellinger DA, Arruda VR, High KA. Protein replacement therapy and gene transfer in canine models of hemophilia A, hemophilia B, von willebrand disease, and factor VII deficiency. ILAR J 2009; 50:144-67. [PMID: 19293459 DOI: 10.1093/ilar.50.2.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs with hemophilia A, hemophilia B, von Willebrand disease (VWD), and factor VII deficiency faithfully recapitulate the severe bleeding phenotype that occurs in humans with these disorders. The first rational approach to diagnosing these bleeding disorders became possible with the development of reliable assays in the 1940s through research that used these dogs. For the next 60 years, treatment consisted of replacement of the associated missing or dysfunctional protein, first with plasma-derived products and subsequently with recombinant products. Research has consistently shown that replacement products that are safe and efficacious in these dogs prove to be safe and efficacious in humans. But these highly effective products require repeated administration and are limited in supply and expensive; in addition, plasma-derived products have transmitted bloodborne pathogens. Recombinant proteins have all but eliminated inadvertent transmission of bloodborne pathogens, but the other limitations persist. Thus, gene therapy is an attractive alternative strategy in these monogenic disorders and has been actively pursued since the early 1990s. To date, several modalities of gene transfer in canine hemophilia have proven to be safe, produced easily detectable levels of transgene products in plasma that have persisted for years in association with reduced bleeding, and correctly predicted the vector dose required in a human hemophilia B liver-based trial. Very recently, however, researchers have identified an immune response to adeno-associated viral gene transfer vector capsid proteins in a human liver-based trial that was not present in preclinical testing in rodents, dogs, or nonhuman primates. This article provides a review of the strengths and limitations of canine hemophilia, VWD, and factor VII deficiency models and of their historical and current role in the development of improved therapy for humans with these inherited bleeding disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Nichols
- Department of Pathology, Francis Owen Blood Research Laboratory, Laboratory Medicine at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3114, USA.
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Møss J, Scharling B, Ezban M, Møller Sørensen T. Evaluation of the safety and pharmacokinetics of a fast-acting recombinant FVIIa analogue, NN1731, in healthy male subjects. J Thromb Haemost 2009; 7:299-305. [PMID: 19138379 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03253.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NN1731 is a recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) analog with enhanced activity. OBJECTIVES This clinical trial aimed to assess the safety and pharmacokinetics of single doses of NN1731 in healthy male subjects. METHODS This was a randomized, placebo-controlled dose-escalation trial with four dose tiers (NN1731 5-30 microg kg(-1)). Eight subjects were randomized to either NN1731 (n = 6) or placebo (n = 2) in each tier. RESULTS No thromboembolic or serious adverse events were reported and no antibody formation towards NN1731 was detected. NN1731 was demonstrated to be pharmacologically active based on coagulation-related parameters (prothrombin fragment 1+2, activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time). There were five mild/moderate adverse events in three subjects. The FVIIa activity of NN1731 after ascending single-dose administration of NN1731 fits well with a two-compartment model, indicating a bi-exponential decline with a rapid initial distribution of approximately 73% FVIIa activity (half-life = 20 min), followed by a less rapid terminal elimination phase eliminating the remaining 27% (half-life = 3 h). Dose proportionality in healthy male subjects at the dose levels investigated (5-30 microg kg(-1)) was supported by the FVIIa activity data. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of this trial, NN1731 appears safe and well tolerated in healthy subjects at doses up to 30 microg kg(-1). No immunogenic or thromboembolic events were reported. The pharmacokinetic profile of NN1731 as measured by FVIIa activity appears to follow two-compartment pharmacokinetics characterized by an initial rapid distribution phase followed by a less rapid elimination phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Møss
- Medical and Science, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark.
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Ghosh S, Sen P, Pendurthi UR, Rao LVM. Activity and regulation of glycoPEGylated factor VIIa analogs. J Thromb Haemost 2008; 6:1525-33. [PMID: 18624982 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant coagulation factor VIIa (rFVIIa) has proven to be a safe and effective drug for treatment of bleeding episodes in hemophilic patients with inhibitors. However, rFVIIa is cleared from the circulation relatively quickly. Protein modification with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) can prolong the circulatory lifetime of proteins but it could also impair protein function by molecular shielding of the protein surface. OBJECTIVES To characterize the interaction of glycoPEGylated rFVIIa - rFVIIa-10K PEG and rFVIIa-40K PEG - with tissue factor (TF), factor X (FX) and plasma inhibitors, tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and antithrombin (AT). METHODS The amidolytic and FX activation assays were employed to investigate the interaction of glycoPEGylated rFVIIa with its macromolecular substrate and inhibitors. RESULTS Both the glycoPEGylated rFVIIa analogs exhibited similar amidolytic activity as that of rFVIIa in the absence or the presence of relipidated TF. The analogs were as effective as rFVIIa in activating FX in the absence of TF. In the presence of TF, the glycoPEGylated rFVIIa variants, relative to rFVIIa, were slightly less effective at lower concentrations, but no significant differences were found among them in activating FX at saturating concentrations. Both AT/heparin and TFPI effectively inhibited the glycoPEGylated rFVIIa bound to relipidated TF or TF on stimulated endothelial cells. In contrast to their normal interaction with TF, the glycoPEGylated rFVIIa variants appeared to interact poorly with phospholipids. CONCLUSIONS The glycoPEGylated rFVIIa variants retained their catalytic activity and interacted efficiently with TF, FX and the plasma inhibitors. Further work with appropriate in vitro and in vivo model systems is needed to determine the feasibility of using glycoPEGylated rFVIIa to improve therapeutic options for bleeding disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghosh
- Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
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Abstract
For hemophilia patients with inhibitors against FVIII or FIX, the development of recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) raises the possibility of a therapeutic alternative whose availability and convenience of treatment are comparable to those of FVIII or FIX. In support of this new concept for the treatment of bleeding episodes, pharmacological doses of FVIIa have been shown to induce hemostasis. Pharmacological doses of rFVIIa enhance thrombin generation on thrombin-activated platelets, thereby facilitating the formation of strong, well-structured fibrin plugs resistant to premature proteolysis. Modified rFVIIa molecules with a stronger hemostatic potential have been produced. Inhibition of the FVII-TF-dependent pathway (TFPI and rFVIIai) has been tried in attempts to prevent thrombosis, with promising results in animal models so far not confirmed in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Hedner
- Department of Medicine, University of Lund, Sweden.
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Brophy DF, Martin EJ, Nolte ME, Kuhn JG, Carr ME. Effect of recombinant factor VIIa variant (NN1731) on platelet function, clot structure and force onset time in whole blood from healthy volunteers and haemophilia patients. Haemophilia 2007; 13:533-41. [PMID: 17880440 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2007.01524.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
NN1731 is a novel variant of recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) that binds to activated platelets, but has greater enzymatic activity than rFVIIa in generating FXa and thrombin. The effect of NN1731 on clot structure and platelet function was characterized ex vivo in whole blood from healthy volunteers and haemophilic patients. Blood samples from six healthy volunteers, nine haemophilia A patients with and without inhibitors and one acquired haemophilia A patient, were spiked with increasing concentrations (0.32, 0.64 and 1.28 microg mL(-1)) of rFVIIa and NN1731. Platelet contractile force (PCF) or platelet function, clot elastic modulus (CEM) or clot structure, and force onset time (FOT) or the thrombin generation time (TGT) were determined using the Hemodyne Hemostasis Analysis System (HAS). Baseline PCF, CEM and FOT values in patients were abnormal compared to healthy volunteers' baseline values. Overall, haemophilia blood samples with or without inhibitors spiked with NN1731 had significantly greater PCF, CEM and shorter FOT values relative to samples spiked with corresponding doses of rFVIIa. The variability in response to treatment between patients was greater with rFVIIa compared to NN1731. At 1.28 microg mL(-1) (90 microg kg(-1)), NN1731 normalized PCF, CEM and FOT in nine of 10 patients, while rFVIIa normalized these parameters in four of 10 patients. Increasing in vitro concentrations of NN1731 normalized platelet function, clot structure and thrombin generation consistently in haemophilia blood with or without inhibitors. NN1731 may be a promising haemostatic agent for patients with bleeding disorders. These results should be confirmed in an in vivo study.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Brophy
- Coagulation Special Studies Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Batlle J, López Fernández MF. Enseñanzas del factor VII activo recombinante. Diez años desde su autorización en la hemofilia complicada con inhibidor. Med Clin (Barc) 2007; 129:382-6. [PMID: 17915135 DOI: 10.1157/13110218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Batlle
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario Juan Canalejo, A Coruña, España.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Mannuccio Mannucci
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center and the Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Milan, Milan.
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Ghosh S, Pendurthi UR, Steinoe A, Esmon CT, Rao LVM. Endothelial cell protein C receptor acts as a cellular receptor for factor VIIa on endothelium. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:11849-57. [PMID: 17327234 PMCID: PMC2591933 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m609283200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although factor VII/factor VIIa (FVII/FVIIa) is known to interact with many non-vascular cells, activated monocytes, and endothelial cells via its binding to tissue factor (TF), the interaction of FVII/FVIIa with unperturbed endothelium and the role of this interaction in clearing FVII/FVIIa from the circulation are unknown. To investigate this, in the present study we examined the binding of radiolabeled FVIIa to endothelial cells and its subsequent internalization. (125)I-FVIIa bound to non-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in time- and dose-dependent manner. The binding is specific and independent of TF and negatively charged phospholipids. Protein C and monoclonal antibodies to endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) blocked effectively (125)I-FVIIa binding to HUVEC. FVIIa binding to EPCR is confirmed by demonstrating a marked increase in (125)I-FVIIa binding to CHO cells that had been stably transfected with EPCR compared with the wild-type. Binding analysis revealed that FVII, FVIIa, protein C, and activated protein C (APC) bound to EPCR with similar affinity. FVIIa binding to EPCR failed to accelerate FVIIa activation of factor X or protease-activated receptors. FVIIa binding to EPCR was shown to facilitate FVIIa endocytosis. Pharmacological concentrations of FVIIa were found to impair partly the EPCR-dependent protein C activation and APC-mediated cell signaling. Overall, the present data provide convincing evidence that EPCR serves as a cellular binding site for FVII/FVIIa. Further studies are needed to evaluate the pathophysiological consequences and relevance of FVIIa binding to EPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samit Ghosh
- Biomedical Research Division, The University of Texas Health Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708
| | - Usha R. Pendurthi
- Biomedical Research Division, The University of Texas Health Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708
| | - Anne Steinoe
- Biomedical Research Division, The University of Texas Health Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708
| | - Charles T. Esmon
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - L. Vijaya Mohan Rao
- Biomedical Research Division, The University of Texas Health Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Center at Tyler, 11937 US HWY 271, Tyler, TX 75708. Tel.: 903-877-7332; Fax: 903-877-7426; E-mail:
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Allen GA, Persson E, Campbell RA, Ezban M, Hedner U, Wolberg AS. A variant of recombinant factor VIIa with enhanced procoagulant and antifibrinolytic activities in an in vitro model of hemophilia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27:683-9. [PMID: 17204663 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000257204.82396.2b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa, NovoSeven) has proven efficacy in treating bleeding in hemophilia patients with inhibitors. A rFVIIa analog with mutations V158D/E296V/M298Q (NN1731) exhibits increased procoagulant activity in in vitro and in vivo models. The aim of this work was to define the effects of NN1731 toward factor X activation, platelet activation, thrombin generation, and fibrin clot formation and stability. METHODS AND RESULTS In a cell-based in vitro model of hemophilia, rFVIIa and NN1731 similarly increased factor X activation on tissue factor-bearing cells; however, NN1731 exhibited 30-fold higher factor Xa generation on platelets than similar rFVIIa concentrations. NN1731-mediated thrombin generation depended on platelet activation, but NN1731 did not directly activate platelets. NN1731 produced 4- to 10-fold higher maximal thrombin generation rates than equal rFVIIa concentrations. Both rFVIIa and NN1731 shortened clotting times in the absence of factors IX and VIII; however, NN1731 did so at 50-fold lower concentrations than were required of rFVIIa. In fibrinolytic conditions, both rFVIIa and NN1731 increased fibrin formation and stability; however, NN1731 was effective at 50-fold lower concentrations than were required of rFVIIa. CONCLUSIONS By increasing factor Xa generation, NN1731 promotes the formation of thrombin and a stable clot to a greater degree than rFVIIa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Allen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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