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Huisman EJ, Holle N, Schipperus M, Cnossen MH, de Haas M, Porcelijn L, Zwaginga JJ. Should HLA and HPA-matched platelet transfusions for patients with Glanzmann Thrombasthenia or Bernard-Soulier syndrome be standardized care? A Dutch survey and recommendations. Transfusion 2024. [PMID: 38642032 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) and Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) patients require frequent platelet transfusions and hence have an increased risk for alloimmunization against donor Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) when no HLA-matching is performed. Knowing that Human Platelet Antigens (HPA) are located on the platelet glycoproteins that can be absent in these patients, preventive HPA-matching may also be considered. Uniform recommendations on this topic lack in transfusion guidelines making standard practice unclear, therefore, we aimed to provide a framework for matched platelet transfusions. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a targeted literature search and a national survey of Dutch (pediatric) hematologists from July to September 2021. RESULTS We found 20 articles describing platelet transfusion policies in 483 GT-patients and 29 BSS-patients, both adults and children. Twenty surveys were returned for full analysis. All responders treated patients with platelet disorders, including GT (n = 36 reported) and BSS (n = 29 reported). Of respondents, 75% estimated the risk of antibody formation as "likely" for HLA and 65% for HPA. Formation of HLA antibodies was reported in 5 GT and in 5 BSS-patients, including one child. Fifteen respondents gave preventive HLA-matched platelets in elective setting (75%). Three respondents additionally matched for HPA in GT-patients (15%). Main argument for matched platelet transfusions was preventing alloimmunization to safeguard the effectivity of 'random' donor-platelets in acute settings. CONCLUSION Elective HLA-matching for GT and BSS-patients is already conducted by most Dutch (pediatric) hematologists. HPA-matching is mainly applied when HPA-antibodies are formed. Based on the current literature and the survey, recommendations are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise J Huisman
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Affairs, Unit of Transfusion Medicine, Sanquin Blood bank, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Blood Transfusion, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nory Holle
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Schipperus
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjon H Cnossen
- Department of Medical Affairs, Unit of Transfusion Medicine, Sanquin Blood bank, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Masja de Haas
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Sanquin Diagnostic Services and Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert Porcelijn
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Sanquin Diagnostic Services and Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Platelet and Leucocyte Serology, Sanquin Diagnostic Services and Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap-Jan Zwaginga
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Choi H, Han S, Kim JS, Park B, Lee MJ, Shin GT, Kim H, Kim K, Park AY, Shin HJ, Park I. Antibody response in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis post-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination: A prospective observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35484. [PMID: 37773791 PMCID: PMC10545368 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is important for patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection since they are more vulnerable. However, they exhibit a weak response to vaccines, underscoring the importance of understanding whether antibodies are sufficiently produced and their durability post-COVID-19 vaccination. This prospective observational study assessed the antibody response of Korean patients undergoing HD for 1 year. We compared the antibody responses of patients undergoing HD to the COVID-19 vaccine with those of healthy volunteers from 2021 to 2022. The patient and control groups received 2 doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and mRNA-1273, respectively. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and neutralizing antibody levels were measured weeks or months apart after 2 doses for 1 year using enzyme-linked immunosorbent and fluorescence-based competitive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 neutralizing assays, respectively. We analyzed the third dose's effect on the patient group by categorizing the group into patients who received the third dose and those who did not since it was initiated midway through the study. In the control group, we enrolled participants who had completed 3 doses of mRNA-1273 since almost all participants received the third dose. Thirty-two patients undergoing HD and 15 healthy participants who received 2 doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and 3 of mRNA-1273, respectively, were enrolled. Although antibody production was weaker in the patient group than in the control group (P < .001), patients showed an increase in IgG levels (0.408 ± 0.517 optical density (OD) pre-vaccination, 2.175 ± 1.241 OD in patients with 2 doses, and 2.134 ± 1.157 OD in patients with 3 doses 1 year after the second dose) and neutralizing antibodies (23 ± 8% pre-vaccination, 87 ± 23% in patients with 2 doses, and 89 ± 18% in patients with 3 doses 1 year after the second dose) post-vaccination (P < .001). In the patient group, 19 patients received a third dose (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273); however, it did not increase the antibody levels (P = 1.000). Furthermore, the antibodies produced by the vaccination did not wane until 1 year. Two doses of vaccination resulted in a significant antibody response in patients undergoing HD, and antibody levels did not wane until 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejung Choi
- Department of Nephrology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungdam Han
- Malgundam Internal Medicine Clinic, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Su Kim
- Office of Biostatistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Ajou Research Institute for Innovation, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumhee Park
- Office of Biostatistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Ajou Research Institute for Innovation, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Tae Shin
- Department of Nephrology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsoo Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyongmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Young Park
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Inwhee Park
- Department of Nephrology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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3
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Sugihara K, Wakiya R, Kameda T, Shimada H, Nakashima S, Kato M, Miyagi T, Ushio Y, Mizusaki M, Mino R, Chujo K, Nomura Y, Inoo M, Kadowaki N, Dobashi H. Humoral immune response against BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients with rheumatic disease undergoing immunosuppressive therapy: A Japanese monocentric study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31288. [PMID: 36281134 PMCID: PMC9592140 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated serum total antibody titers against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein receptor-binding domain after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japanese patients taking various immunosuppressive medications for rheumatic disease. In 212 outpatients with rheumatic diseases at Kagawa University Hospital and 43 healthy volunteers (controls), all of whom had received 2 doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, serum antibody titers of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were analyzed at least 14 days after the second dose. Many of the patients were taking immunosuppressive agents to manage their rheumatic disease. The antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in these patients were significantly lower than those in controls. The analysis of therapeutic agents revealed that the antibody titers in patients treated with rituximab were much lower than those in controls. In patients treated with tacrolimus, baricitinib, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, abatacept, tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, cyclosporine, interleukin-6 inhibitors, methotrexate, or glucocorticoids, antibody titers were moderately lower than those of controls. Interleukin-17 and interleukin-23 inhibitors did not impair the humoral response. In addition, the combination of methotrexate with various immunosuppressive agents reduced titers, although not significantly. In Japanese patients with rheumatic disease, many immunosuppressants impaired the immune response to the BNT162b2 vaccine. The degree of decline in antibody titers differed according to immunosuppressant. When used concomitantly with other immunosuppressants, methotrexate may impair the immune response to the BNT162b2 vaccine. However, immunomodulatory treatments such as interleukin-17 and -23 inhibitors may not attenuate this response in patients with rheumatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Sugihara
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Koichi Sugihara, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan (e-mail: )
| | - Risa Wakiya
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kameda
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Shimada
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nakashima
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Mikiya Kato
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Taichi Miyagi
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ushio
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Mao Mizusaki
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Rina Mino
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kanako Chujo
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yumi Nomura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoo
- Department of Rheumatology, Utazu Hospital, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Kadowaki
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Dobashi
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
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Gammelgaard OL, Terp MG, Renn C, Labrijn AF, Hamaker O, Nielsen AY, Vever H, Hansen SW, Gjerstorff MF, Müller CE, Parren PW, Ditzel HJ. Targeting two distinct epitopes on human CD73 with a bispecific antibody improves anticancer activity. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004554. [PMID: 36096528 PMCID: PMC9472124 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunosuppressive extracellular adenosine is generated by the enzymatic activity of CD73. In preclinical models, antibodies (Abs) targeting different epitopes on CD73 exert anticancer activity through distinct mechanisms such as inhibition of enzymatic activity, engagement of Fc receptors, and spatial redistribution of CD73. Methods Using controlled Fab arm exchange, we generated biparatopic bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) from parental anti-CD73 Abs with distinct anticancer activities. The resulting anticancer activity was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo models. Results We demonstrate that different anticancer activities can be combined in a biparatopic bsAb. Remarkably, the bsAb significantly improved the enzyme inhibitory activity compared with the parental Abs, which led to neutralization of adenosine-mediated T-cell suppression as demonstrated by proliferation and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice. Additionally, the bsAb caused more efficient internalization of cell surface CD73 and stimulated potent Fc-mediated engagement of human immune effector cells in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Our data collectively demonstrate that complementary anticancer mechanisms of action of distinct anti-CD73 Abs can be combined and enhanced in a biparatopic bsAb. The multiple mechanisms of action and superior activity compared with the monospecific parental Abs make the bsAb a promising candidate for therapeutic targeting of CD73 in cancer. This concept may greatly improve future Ab design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odd L Gammelgaard
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mikkel G Terp
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christian Renn
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Hamaker
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Aaraby Y Nielsen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henriette Vever
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Soren Wk Hansen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten F Gjerstorff
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Paul Whi Parren
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik J Ditzel
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark .,Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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5
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Rouhani SJ, Yu J, Olson D, Zha Y, Pezeshk A, Cabanov A, Pyzer AR, Trujillo J, Derman BA, O'Donnell P, Jakubowiak A, Kindler HL, Bestvina C, Gajewski TF. Antibody and T cell responses to COVID-19 vaccination in patients receiving anticancer therapies. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004766. [PMID: 35732350 PMCID: PMC9226983 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cancer were excluded from phase 3 COVID-19 vaccine trials, and the immunogenicity and side effect profiles of these vaccines in this population is not well understood. Patients with cancer can be immunocompromised from chemotherapy, corticosteroids, or the cancer itself, which may affect cellular and/or humoral responses to vaccination. PD-1 is expressed on T effector cells, T follicular helper cells and B cells, leading us to hypothesize that anti-PD-1 immunotherapies may augment antibody or T cell generation after vaccination. METHODS Antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) and spike protein were assessed in patients with cancer (n=118) and healthy donors (HD, n=22) after 1, 2 or 3 mRNA vaccine doses. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell reactivity to wild-type (WT) or B.1.617.2 (delta) spike peptides was measured by intracellular cytokine staining. RESULTS Oncology patients without prior COVID-19 infections receiving immunotherapy (n=36), chemotherapy (n=15), chemoimmunotherapy (n=6), endocrine or targeted therapies (n=6) and those not on active treatment (n=26) had similar RBD and Spike IgG antibody titers to HDs after two vaccinations. Contrary to our hypothesis, PD-1 blockade did not augment antibody titers or T cell responses. Patients receiving B-cell directed therapies (n=14) including anti-CD20 antibodies and multiple myeloma therapies had decreased antibody titers, and 9/14 of these patients were seronegative for RBD antibodies. No differences were observed in WT spike-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cell generation between treatment groups. 11/13 evaluable patients seronegative for RBD had a detectable WT spike-reactive CD4+ T cell response. T cells cross-reactive against the B.1.617.2 variant spike peptides were detected in 31/59 participants. Two patients with prior immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adrenal insufficiency had symptomatic hypoadrenalism after vaccination. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 vaccinations are safe and immunogenic in patients with solid tumors, who developed similar antibody and T cell responses compared with HDs. Patients on B-cell directed therapies may fail to generate RBD antibodies after vaccination and should be considered for prophylactic antibody treatments. Many seronegative patients do develop a T cell response, which may have an anti-viral effect. Patients with pre-existing adrenal insufficiency may need to take stress dose steroids during vaccination to avoid adrenal crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jovian Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel Olson
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zha
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Apameh Pezeshk
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexandra Cabanov
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Athalia R Pyzer
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jonathan Trujillo
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Benjamin A Derman
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter O'Donnell
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Hedy L Kindler
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Thomas F Gajewski
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA .,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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6
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Liang Q, Vlaar EC, Catalano F, Pijnenburg JM, Stok M, van Helsdingen Y, Vulto AG, Unger WW, van der Ploeg AT, Pijnappel WP, van Til NP. Lentiviral gene therapy prevents anti-human acid α-glucosidase antibody formation in murine Pompe disease. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 25:520-532. [PMID: 35662813 PMCID: PMC9127119 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is the current standard treatment for Pompe disease, a lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA). ERT has shown to be lifesaving in patients with classic infantile Pompe disease. However, a major drawback is the development of neutralizing antibodies against ERT. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell-mediated lentiviral gene therapy (HSPC-LVGT) provides a novel, potential lifelong therapy with a single intervention and may induce immune tolerance. Here, we investigated whether ERT can be safely applied as additional or alternative therapy following HSPC-LVGT in a murine model of Pompe disease. We found that lentiviral expression at subtherapeutic dose was sufficient to induce tolerance to the transgene product, as well as to subsequently administered ERT. Immune tolerance was established within 4–6 weeks after gene therapy. The mice tolerated ERT doses up to 100 mg/kg, allowing ERT to eliminate glycogen accumulation in cardiac and skeletal muscle and normalizing locomotor function. The presence of HSPC-derived cells expressing GAA in the thymus suggested the establishment of central immune tolerance. These findings demonstrate that lentiviral gene therapy in murine Pompe disease induced robust and long-term immune tolerance to GAA either expressed by a transgene or supplied as ERT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Liang
- Department of Hematology and Research Laboratory of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
- Molecular Stem Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eva C. Vlaar
- Molecular Stem Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fabio Catalano
- Molecular Stem Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joon M. Pijnenburg
- Molecular Stem Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Merel Stok
- Molecular Stem Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Helsdingen
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arnold G. Vulto
- Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wendy W.J. Unger
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ans T. van der Ploeg
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W.W.M. Pim Pijnappel
- Molecular Stem Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author W.W.M. Pim Pijnappel, PhD, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Niek P. van Til
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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7
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Hefter H, Schomaecker I, Schomaecker M, Rosenthal D, Samadzadeh S. The Use of High Initial Doses of Botulinum Toxin Therapy for Cervical Dystonia Is a Risk Factor for Neutralizing Antibody Formation-A Monocentric Cross-Sectional Pilot Study. Medicina (Kaunas) 2022; 58:88. [PMID: 35056396 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The present study aims to analyze the complex patient/treating physician interaction at onset of botulinum toxin (BoNT) therapy in patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia (CD) and the influence of high initial doses on long-term outcomes. Materials and Methods: A total of 74 CD patients with well-documented courses of BoNT treatment were consecutively recruited after written informed consent. Patients had to rate the amount of improvement of CD in percent of severity of CD at onset of BoNT therapy. They had to draw the course of disease severity (CoD) of CD from the onset of symptoms until the onset of BoNT therapy and from the onset of BoNT therapy until recruitment. The remaining severity of CD was estimated by the treating physician using the TSUI score. Demographic- and treatment-related data were extracted from the charts of the patients. Seventeen patients with suspected secondary treatment failure (STF) were tested for the presence of antibodies. Results: Depending on the CoD before BoNT therapy, three patient subgroups could be distinguished: rapid onset, continuous onset and delayed onset groups. Time to BoNT therapy, increase in dose and improvement were significantly different between these three groups. In the rapid onset group, with the highest initial doses, the best improvement was reported, but the highest number of patients with an STF and with neutralizing antibodies was also observed. Conclusion: The use of high initial doses in the BoNT therapy of CD is associated with a rapid response and quick success; however, it leads to an elevated risk for the development of a secondary treatment failure and induction of neutralizing antibodies.
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8
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Ghosh N, Postow M, Zhu C, Jannat-Khah D, Li QZ, Vitone G, Chan KK, Bass AR. Lower baseline autoantibody levels are associated with immune-related adverse events from immune checkpoint inhibition. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004008. [PMID: 35091456 PMCID: PMC8804686 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are a novel cancer therapeutic that have been successful in treating advanced malignancies; however, they also cause immune-related adverse events (irAE). Given that some irAE are clinically similar to traditional autoimmune diseases, autoantibodies have been suggested as possible biomarkers of irAE. However, there are very little data on autoantibody investigation prior to ICI. Our aim was to determine if specific baseline autoantibodies were associated with irAE and see if changes in autoantibody concentration corresponded with irAE development. METHODS This study used data from an oncologic clinical trial of adaptive dosing combination ICI therapy in patients with advanced melanoma. Plasma was collected at baseline and 6 weeks after ICI initiation and tested in a microarray of 120 autoantigens commonly associated with autoimmune disease, as well as antinuclear antibody (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP). Autoantibody concentrations were compared between patients experiencing an organ-specific event versus not. Heatmaps, volcano plots and hierarchical clustering were used to determine autoantibody concentration differences among irAE patient clusters as defined by signal intensity of autoantibodies. Kaplan-Meier curves were created and a log-rank test was performed to assess differences in survival. RESULTS The microarray analysis demonstrated that patients who experienced specific irAE had fewer differentially expressed autoantibodies at baseline than those that did not have those specific irAE, and a greater fold change (FC) in antibody concentration from baseline to 6 weeks corresponded with specific irAE development. However, no autoantibodies were identified as being predictive of specific events. Time to first irAE was less than 6 weeks in 69% of patients, and these patients had less autoantibodies at baseline. Considering ANA, RF and CCP autoantibodies, there were no significant differences between the seropositive and seronegative patients in irAE development, severity, timing or survival. CONCLUSION Patients with low autoantibody concentrations at baseline as well as a greater FC in autoantibody concentration over 6 weeks developed more distinct organ-specific irAE. This may suggest differences in the balance of cellular immunity and humoral pathways that are relevant in the pathogenesis of irAE, though further investigation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilasha Ghosh
- Hospital for Special Surgery/Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Postow
- Melanoma & Immunotherapeutics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chengsong Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Microarray and Immune Phenotyping Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Deanna Jannat-Khah
- Hospital for Special Surgery/Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Immunology, Microarray and Immune Phenotyping Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Greg Vitone
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karmela K Chan
- Hospital for Special Surgery/Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne R Bass
- Hospital for Special Surgery/Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York, NY, USA
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9
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Walti CS, Loes AN, Shuey K, Krantz EM, Boonyaratanakornkit J, Keane-Candib J, Loeffelholz T, Wolf CR, Taylor JJ, Gardner RA, Green DJ, Cowan AJ, Maloney DG, Turtle CJ, Pergam SA, Chu HY, Bloom JD, Hill JA. Humoral immunogenicity of the seasonal influenza vaccine before and after CAR-T-cell therapy: a prospective observational study. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003428. [PMID: 34702753 PMCID: PMC8549667 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recipients of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cell therapies for B cell malignancies have profound and prolonged immunodeficiencies and are at risk for serious infections, including respiratory virus infections. Vaccination may be important for infection prevention, but there are limited data on vaccine immunogenicity in this population. We conducted a prospective observational study of the humoral immunogenicity of commercially available 2019-2020 inactivated influenza vaccines in adults immediately prior to or while in durable remission after CD19-, CD20-, or B cell maturation antigen-targeted CAR-T-cell therapy, as well as controls. We tested for antibodies to all four vaccine strains using neutralization and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assays. Antibody responses were defined as at least fourfold titer increases from baseline. Seroprotection was defined as a HAI titer ≥40. Enrolled CAR-T-cell recipients were vaccinated 14-29 days prior to (n=5) or 13-57 months following therapy (n=13), and the majority had hypogammaglobulinemia and cellular immunodeficiencies prevaccination. Eight non-immunocompromised adults served as controls. Antibody responses to ≥1 vaccine strain occurred in 2 (40%) individuals before CAR-T-cell therapy and in 4 (31%) individuals vaccinated after CAR-T-cell therapy. An additional 1 (20%) and 6 (46%) individuals had at least twofold increases, respectively. One individual vaccinated prior to CAR-T-cell therapy maintained a response for >3 months following therapy. Across all tested vaccine strains, seroprotection was less frequent in CAR-T-cell recipients than in controls. There was evidence of immunogenicity even among individuals with low immunoglobulin, CD19+ B cell, and CD4+ T-cell counts. These data support consideration for vaccination before and after CAR-T-cell therapy for influenza and other relevant pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, irrespective of hypogammaglobulinemia or B cell aplasia. However, relatively impaired humoral vaccine immunogenicity indicates the need for additional infection-prevention strategies. Larger studies are needed to refine our understanding of potential correlates of vaccine immunogenicity, and durability of immune responses, in CAR-T-cell therapy recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S Walti
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrea N Loes
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kiel Shuey
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Krantz
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jim Boonyaratanakornkit
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jacob Keane-Candib
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tillie Loeffelholz
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Caitlin R Wolf
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Justin J Taylor
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rebecca A Gardner
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Damian J Green
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew J Cowan
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David G Maloney
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cameron J Turtle
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Steven A Pergam
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, and Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jesse D Bloom
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Basic Sciences Division, Computational Biology Program, and Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joshua A Hill
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, and Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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10
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Anand S, Montez-Rath ME, Han J, Garcia P, Cadden L, Hunsader P, Kerschmann R, Beyer P, Dittrich M, Block GA, Boyd SD, Parsonnet J, Chertow GM. Antibody Response to COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients Receiving Dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:2435-2438. [PMID: 34117129 PMCID: PMC8722791 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021050611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi Anand
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Maria E. Montez-Rath
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Jialin Han
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Pablo Garcia
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | | | | | - Paul Beyer
- Ascend Clinical Laboratory, Redwood City, California
| | | | | | - Scott D. Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Julie Parsonnet
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Glenn M. Chertow
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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11
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Hamdan F, Ylösmäki E, Chiaro J, Giannoula Y, Long M, Fusciello M, Feola S, Martins B, Feodoroff M, Antignani G, Russo S, Kari O, Lee M, Järvinen P, Nisen H, Kreutzman A, Leusen J, Mustjoki S, McWilliams TG, Grönholm M, Cerullo V. Novel oncolytic adenovirus expressing enhanced cross-hybrid IgGA Fc PD-L1 inhibitor activates multiple immune effector populations leading to enhanced tumor killing in vitro, in vivo and with patient-derived tumor organoids. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003000. [PMID: 34362830 PMCID: PMC8351494 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors against PD-L1 in the clinic, only a fraction of patients benefit from such therapy. A theoretical strategy to increase efficacy would be to arm such antibodies with Fc-mediated effector mechanisms. However, these effector mechanisms are inhibited or reduced due to toxicity issues since PD-L1 is not confined to the tumor and also expressed on healthy cells. To increase efficacy while minimizing toxicity, we designed an oncolytic adenovirus that secretes a cross-hybrid Fc-fusion peptide against PD-L1 able to elicit effector mechanisms of an IgG1 and also IgA1 consequently activating neutrophils, a population neglected by IgG1, in order to combine multiple effector mechanisms. Methods The cross-hybrid Fc-fusion peptide comprises of an Fc with the constant domains of an IgA1 and IgG1 which is connected to a PD-1 ectodomain via a GGGS linker and was cloned into an oncolytic adenovirus. We demonstrated that the oncolytic adenovirus was able to secrete the cross-hybrid Fc-fusion peptide able to bind to PD-L1 and activate multiple immune components enhancing tumor cytotoxicity in various cancer cell lines, in vivo and ex vivo renal-cell carcinoma patient-derived organoids. Results Using various techniques to measure cytotoxicity, the cross-hybrid Fc-fusion peptide expressed by the oncolytic adenovirus was shown to activate Fc-effector mechanisms of an IgA1 (neutrophil activation) as well as of an IgG1 (natural killer and complement activation). The activation of multiple effector mechanism simultaneously led to significantly increased tumor killing compared with FDA-approved PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor (Atezolizumab), IgG1-PDL1 and IgA-PDL1 in various in vitro cell lines, in vivo models and ex vivo renal cell carcinoma organoids. Moreover, in vivo data demonstrated that Ad-Cab did not require CD8+ T cells, unlike conventional checkpoint inhibitors, since it was able to activate other effector populations. Conclusion Arming PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors with Fc-effector mechanisms of both an IgA1 and an IgG1 can increase efficacy while maintaining safety by limiting expression to the tumor using oncolytic adenovirus. The increase in tumor killing is mostly attributed to the activation of multiple effector populations rather than activating a single effector population leading to significantly higher tumor killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Hamdan
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki Faculty of Pharmacy, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,TRIMM, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,Drug Delivery, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erkko Ylösmäki
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki Faculty of Pharmacy, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,TRIMM, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,Drug Delivery, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jacopo Chiaro
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki Faculty of Pharmacy, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,TRIMM, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,Drug Delivery, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yvonne Giannoula
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki Faculty of Pharmacy, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
| | - Maeve Long
- Translational Stem Cell Biology & Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Manlio Fusciello
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki Faculty of Pharmacy, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,TRIMM, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,Drug Delivery, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Feola
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki Faculty of Pharmacy, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,TRIMM, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,Drug Delivery, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Beatriz Martins
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki Faculty of Pharmacy, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,TRIMM, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,Drug Delivery, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michaela Feodoroff
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki Faculty of Pharmacy, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,TRIMM, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,Drug Delivery, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gabriella Antignani
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki Faculty of Pharmacy, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,TRIMM, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,Drug Delivery, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salvatore Russo
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki Faculty of Pharmacy, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,TRIMM, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,Drug Delivery, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Otto Kari
- Drug Delivery, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Moon Lee
- TRIMM, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
| | - Petrus Järvinen
- Abdominal Center, Urology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
| | - Harry Nisen
- Abdominal Center, Urology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
| | - Anna Kreutzman
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki Faculty of Pharmacy, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,TRIMM, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,Drug Delivery, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jeanette Leusen
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Satu Mustjoki
- TRIMM, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas G McWilliams
- Translational Stem Cell Biology & Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikaela Grönholm
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki Faculty of Pharmacy, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,TRIMM, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,Drug Delivery, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki Faculty of Pharmacy, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland .,TRIMM, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland.,Drug Delivery, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology and CEINGE, Naples University 24 Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
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12
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Chan L, Fuca N, Zeldis E, Campbell KN, Shaikh A. Antibody Response to mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Hemodialysis Patients with and without Prior COVID-19. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 16:1258-1260. [PMID: 34031182 PMCID: PMC8455039 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.04080321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chan
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Nicholas Fuca
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Etti Zeldis
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,Division of Nephrology, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Kirk N. Campbell
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Aisha Shaikh
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,Division of Nephrology, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York
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13
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Baumjohann D, Brossart P. T follicular helper cells: linking cancer immunotherapy and immune-related adverse events. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002588. [PMID: 34112740 PMCID: PMC8194326 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy utilizing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment of numerous cancer types. As the underlying mechanism of these treatments lies in the interference with inhibitory signals that usually impair potent antitumor immunity, for example, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1):programmed death-ligand 1/2 (PD-L1/2) pathway, it is not surprising that this could also promote exaggerated adaptive immune responses to unrelated antigen specificities. One of the side effects of ICI-based cancer immunotherapy that is increasingly observed in the clinic is immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including various types of autoimmunity. However, the precise etiology is incompletely understood. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells provide essential help to B cells for potent antibody responses and their tumor tissue presence is often correlated with a better outcome in several solid tumor entities. Importantly, these CD4+ T cells express very high amounts of PD-1 and other co-stimulatory and inhibitory receptors. Here, we address the hypothesis that targeting CTLA-4 or PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 critically impacts the function of Tfh cells in patients that receive these ICIs, thereby providing a link between ICI treatment and the development of secondary autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Baumjohann
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Brossart
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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14
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Ortloff A, Harsch IA. Outbreak of infections with the COVID-19 virus mutation B.1.351 about four weeks after the second successful vaccination with BNT162b2. GMS Hyg Infect Control 2021; 16:Doc16. [PMID: 34123704 PMCID: PMC8165486 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ortloff
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Thuringia Clinic Saalfeld “Georgius Agricola”, Saalfeld/Saale, Germany
| | - Igor Alexander Harsch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Thuringia Clinic Saalfeld “Georgius Agricola”, Saalfeld/Saale, Germany,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Igor Alexander Harsch, Thuringia Clinic Saalfeld “Georgius Agricola”, Rainweg 68, 07318 Saalfeld/Saale, Germany, Phone: +49 3671/541569, Fax: +49 3671/541403, E-mail:
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15
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Abstract
Remarkable advances have been made in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) over the past decades, leading to improved graft outcomes. However, long-term failure is still high and effective treatment for chronic ABMR, an important cause of graft failure, has not yet been identified. Chronic ABMR has a relatively different phenotype from active ABMR and is a slowly progressive disease in which graft injury is mainly caused by de novo donor specific antibodies (DSA). Since most trials of current immunosuppressive therapies for rejection have focused on active ABMR, treatment strategies based on those data might be less effective in chronic ABMR. A better understanding of chronic ABMR may serve as a bridge in establishing treatment strategies to improve graft outcomes. In this in-depth review, we focus on the pathophysiology and characteristics of chronic ABMR along with the newly revised Banff criteria in 2017. In addition, in terms of chronic ABMR, we identify the reasons for the resistance of current immunosuppressive therapies and look at ongoing research that could play a role in setting better treatment strategies in the future. Finally, we review non-invasive biomarkers as tools to monitor for rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel C. Brennan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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16
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Floch A, Pirenne F, Barrault A, Chami B, Toly-Ndour C, Tournamille C, de Brevern AG. Insights into anti-D formation in carriers of RhD variants through studies of 3D intraprotein interactions. Transfusion 2021; 61:1286-1301. [PMID: 33586199 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many RhD variants associated with anti-D formation (partial D) in carriers exposed to the conventional D antigen carry mutations affecting extracellular loop residues. Surprisingly, some carry mutations affecting transmembrane or intracellular domains, positions not thought likely to have a major impact on D epitopes. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A wild-type Rh trimer (RhD1 RhAG2 ) was modeled by comparative modeling with the human RhCG structure. Taking trimer conformation, residue accessibility, and position relative to the lipid bilayer into account, we redefine the domains of the RhD protein. We generated models for RhD variants carrying one or two amino acid substitutions associated with anti-D formation in published articles (25 variants) or abstracts (12 variants) and for RHD*weak D type 38. We determined the extracellular substitutions and compared the interactions of the variants with those of the standard RhD. RESULTS The findings of the three-dimensional (3D) analysis were correlated with anti-D formation for 76% of RhD variants: 15 substitutions associated with anti-D formation concerned extracellular residues, and structural differences in intraprotein interactions relative to standard RhD were observed in the others. We discuss the mechanisms by which D epitopes may be modified in variants in which the extracellular residues are identical to those of standard RhD and provide arguments for the benignity of p.T379M (RHD*DAU0) and p.G278D (RHD*weak D type 38) in transfusion medicine. CONCLUSION The study of RhD intraprotein interactions and the precise redefinition of residue accessibility provide insight into the mechanisms through which RhD point mutations may lead to anti-D formation in carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Floch
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM U955, Transfusion et Maladies du Globule Rouge, IMRB, Creteil, France.,Etablissement francais du sang Ile-de-France, Creteil, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - France Pirenne
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM U955, Transfusion et Maladies du Globule Rouge, IMRB, Creteil, France.,Etablissement francais du sang Ile-de-France, Creteil, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Barrault
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM U955, Transfusion et Maladies du Globule Rouge, IMRB, Creteil, France.,Etablissement francais du sang Ile-de-France, Creteil, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Btissam Chami
- Etablissement francais du sang Ile-de-France, Creteil, France
| | - Cécile Toly-Ndour
- Unité Fonctionnelle d'expertise en Immuno-Hémobiologie Périnatale, Centre National de Référence en Hémobiologie Périnatale (CNRHP), Service de Médecine Fœtale, Pôle Périnatalité, Hôpital Trousseau, GH HUEP, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Tournamille
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM U955, Transfusion et Maladies du Globule Rouge, IMRB, Creteil, France.,Etablissement francais du sang Ile-de-France, Creteil, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre G de Brevern
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge UMR_S1134, Inserm, Université de la Réunion, Université des Antilles, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine (INTS), Paris, France
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17
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Slingluff CL, Petroni GR, Chianese-Bullock KA, Wages NA, Olson WC, Smith KT, Haden K, Dengel LT, Dickinson A, Reed C, Gaughan EM, Grosh WW, Kaur V, Varhegyi N, Smolkin M, Galeassi NV, Deacon D, Hall EH. Trial to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of a melanoma helper peptide vaccine plus incomplete Freund's adjuvant, cyclophosphamide, and polyICLC (Mel63). J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-000934. [PMID: 33479025 PMCID: PMC7825263 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peptide vaccines designed to stimulate melanoma-reactive CD4+ T cells can induce T cell and antibody (Ab) responses, associated with enhanced overall survival. We hypothesized that adding toll-like receptor 3 agonist polyICLC to an incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA) would be safe and would support strong, durable CD4+ T cell and Ab responses. We also hypothesized that oral low-dose metronomic cyclophosphamide (mCy) would be safe, would reduce circulating regulatory T cells (T-regs) and would further enhance immunogenicity. Participants and methods An adaptive design based on toxicity and durable CD4+ T cell immune response (dRsp) was used to assign participants with resected stage IIA-IV melanoma to one of four study regimens. The regimens included a vaccine comprising six melanoma peptides restricted by Class II MHC (6MHP) in an emulsion with IFA alone (Arm A), with IFA plus systemic mCy (Arm B), with IFA+ local polyICLC (Arm C), or with IFA+ polyICLC+ mCy (Arm D). Toxicities were recorded (CTCAE V.4.03). T cell responses were measured by interferon γ ELIspot assay ex vivo. Serum Ab responses to 6MHP were measured by ELISA. Circulating T-regs were assessed by flow cytometry. Results Forty-eight eligible participants were enrolled and treated. Early data on safety and dRsp favored enrollment on arm D. Total enrollment on Arms A-D were 3, 7, 6, and 32, respectively. Treatment-related dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed in 1/7 (14%) participants on arm B and 2/32 (6%) on arm D. None exceeded the 25% DLT threshold for early closure to enrollment for any arm. Strong durable T cell responses to 6MHP were detected ex vivo in 0%, 29%, 67%, and 47% of participants on arms A-D, respectively. IgG Ab responses were greatest for arms C and D. Circulating T-regs frequencies were not altered by mCy. Conclusions 6MHP vaccines administered with IFA, polyICLC, and mCy were well tolerated. The dRsp rate for arm D of 47% (90% CI 32 to 63) exceeded the 18% (90% CI 11 to 26) rate previously observed with 6MHP in IFA alone. Vaccination with IFA+ polyICLC (arm C) also showed promise for enhancing T cell and Ab responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig L Slingluff
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA .,University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Gina R Petroni
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kimberly A Chianese-Bullock
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Nolan A Wages
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Walter C Olson
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kelly T Smith
- Office of Research Cores Administration, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kathleen Haden
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Lynn T Dengel
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Anna Dickinson
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Caroline Reed
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Gaughan
- Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - William W Grosh
- Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Varinder Kaur
- Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Nikole Varhegyi
- Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Mark Smolkin
- Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Nadejda V Galeassi
- Cardiovascular Imaging Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Donna Deacon
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Emily H Hall
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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18
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Swee DS, Spickett G, Quinton R. Many women with Turner syndrome lack protective antibodies to common respiratory pathogens, Haemophilus influenzae type B and Streptococcus Pneumoniae. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019; 91:228-230. [PMID: 30916795 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Du Soon Swee
- Department of Endocrinology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Gavin Spickett
- Clinical Immunology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Richard Quinton
- Department of Endocrinology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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19
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Habir K, Aeinehband S, Wermeling F, Malin S. A Role for the Transcription Factor Arid3a in Mouse B2 Lymphocyte Expansion and Peritoneal B1a Generation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1387. [PMID: 29114251 PMCID: PMC5660704 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The initiation, commitment, and terminal differentiation of the B cell lineage is stringently controlled by the coordinated action of various transcription factors. Among these, Arid3a has previously been implicated in regulating early B lymphopoiesis, humoral immune responses to phosphocholine, and furthermore to promote the B1 over the B2 cell lineage. We have now interrogated the function of Arid3a in the adult mouse using conditional mutagenesis. We demonstrate that loss of Arid3a does not affect early B cell development or lineage commitment but rather loss of this transcription factor results in a broad expansion of bone marrow B lymphopoiesis in a manner that reflects its developmental expression pattern. Furthermore, loss of Arid3a resulted in expanded splenic B cell numbers with the exception of the B1 lineage that was maintained at normal numbers. However, B1a lymphoyctes were reduced in the peritoneal cavity. In addition, antibody responses to phosphocholine were attenuated in the absence of Arid3a. Hence, functional Arid3a is required in mature B cells for specific immune responses and for generating normal numbers of B cells in a subset dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Habir
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shahin Aeinehband
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wermeling
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen Malin
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Daugan M, Murira A, Mindt BC, Germain A, Tarrab E, Lapierre P, Fritz JH, Lamarre A. Type I Interferon Impairs Specific Antibody Responses Early during Establishment of LCMV Infection. Front Immunol 2016; 7:564. [PMID: 27994594 PMCID: PMC5136549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Elicitation of type I interferon (IFN-I) has been shown to both enhance and impair cell-mediated immune responses in acute and persistent viral infections, respectively. Here, we show that, in addition to its effect on T cells, IFN-I drives impairment of specific antibody responses through interaction with B cells in the acute phase of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. This impairment was limited to the T cell-dependent B cell response and was associated with disruption of B cell follicles, development of hypergammaglobulinemia (HGG), and expansion of the T follicular helper cell population. Antigen-specific antibody responses were restored by ablation of IFN-I signaling through antibody-mediated IFN-I receptor blockade and B cell-specific IFN-I receptor knockout. Importantly, IFN-I receptor deficiency in B cells also accelerated the development of LCMV neutralizing antibodies and alleviated HGG. These results provide a potential therapeutic target toward efficient treatment measures that limit immunopathology in persistent viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Daugan
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier , Laval, QC , Canada
| | - Armstrong Murira
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier , Laval, QC , Canada
| | - Barbara C Mindt
- Complex Traits Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University , Montréal, QC , Canada
| | - Amélie Germain
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier , Laval, QC , Canada
| | - Esther Tarrab
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier , Laval, QC , Canada
| | - Pascal Lapierre
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier , Laval, QC , Canada
| | - Jörg H Fritz
- Complex Traits Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Complex Traits Group, Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Lamarre
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier , Laval, QC , Canada
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21
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Valentová K, Šíma P, Rybková Z, Křížan J, Malachová K, Křen V. (Anti)mutagenic and immunomodulatory properties of quercetin glycosides. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:1492-1499. [PMID: 25960089 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (isoquercitrin) and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin) are common components of a normal human diet and are increasingly used in food supplements. Here their effect on mutagenesis and immunity is shown. RESULTS The in vitro (anti)mutagenic potential was compared with that of quercetin using the Ames test in Salmonella typhimurium His(-) strains TA100, TA98 and TA102. Isoquercitrin only slightly increased the number of revertants, while rutin was totally non-mutagenic. On the other hand, all compounds displayed dose-dependent protective activity against H2O2 - and tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative damage to the TA102 strain and at 75 µmol L(-1) inhibited H2O2/Fe(2+)-induced formation of the open circular and linear forms of the DNA plasmid pBSIISK(-). In mice, none of the flavonols (0.86 µmol day(-1), 34 days) induced harmful effects. In immunized animals, all compounds enhanced ex vivo B cell proliferation; quercetin stimulated lymphocyte basal proliferation and increased the number of IgM-producing lymphocytes. Rutin promoted NK cytotoxic activity, supported T cells and enhanced gut epithelium renewal. No effect on IgG-forming cells was found. CONCLUSION Isoquercitrin displayed negligible and rutin no mutagenicity, but both showed significant antimutagenic and DNA-protective effects against oxidative damage. In vivo, they supported the readiness of the immune system for specific humoral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Valentová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šíma
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Rybková
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, CZ-710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Křížan
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Malachová
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, CZ-710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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22
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Abstract
Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA, BioThrax™) is the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved vaccine for the prevention of anthrax in humans. Recent improvements in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use of AVA include intramuscular (IM) administration and simplification of the priming series to three doses over 6 months. Administration IM markedly reduced the frequency, severity and duration of injection site reactions. Refinement of animal models for inhalation anthrax, identification of immune correlates of protection and cross-species modeling have created opportunities for reductions in the PrEP booster schedule and were pivotal in FDA approval of a post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) indication. Clinical and nonclinical studies of accelerated PEP schedules and divided doses may provide prospects for shortening the PEP antimicrobial treatment period. These data may assist in determining feasibility of expanded coverage in a large-scale emergency when vaccine demand may exceed availability. Enhancements to the AVA formulation may broaden the vaccine's PEP application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarad M Schiffer
- a MPIR Laboratory, Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Michael M McNeil
- b Immunization Safety Office, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion , National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Conrad P Quinn
- c Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases , National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) , Atlanta , GA , USA
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23
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Burin des Roziers N, Ibanez C, Samuel D, Francoz C, Idri S, François A, Mortelecque R, Bierling P, Pirenne F. Rare and transient anti-D antibody response in D(-) liver transplant recipients transfused with D(+) red blood cells. Vox Sang 2016; 111:107-10. [PMID: 26918570 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 20 D(-) liver transplant (LT) recipients transfused with D(+) RBCs perioperatively and screened for RBC antibodies between 2 and 6 months later. None developed anti-D detectable by the indirect antiglobulin test. Two patients produced weak anti-D that reacted only with papain-treated RBCs at 10 and 11 days without any sign of immune haemolysis. Antibodies became quickly undetectable. These data suggest an unusual pattern of alloimmunization in LT recipients with rapid, weak and transient antibody response and support the safety of transfusing D(+) RBCs in most of D(-) patients during LT surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Ibanez
- Etablissement Français du Sang Ile de France, Villejuif, France
| | - D Samuel
- Centre hépato-biliaire, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - C Francoz
- Service d'hépatologie et réanimation hépato-digestive, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - S Idri
- Etablissement Français du Sang Ile de France, Villejuif, France
| | - A François
- Etablissement Français du Sang Ile de France, Villejuif, France
| | - R Mortelecque
- Etablissement Français du Sang Ile de France, Villejuif, France
| | - P Bierling
- Etablissement Français du Sang Ile de France, Villejuif, France.,Inserm U955-Equipe 2: Transfusion et maladies du globule rouge, Laboratoire d'Excellence, GRex, Institut Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - F Pirenne
- Etablissement Français du Sang Ile de France, Villejuif, France.,Inserm U955-Equipe 2: Transfusion et maladies du globule rouge, Laboratoire d'Excellence, GRex, Institut Mondor, Créteil, France
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24
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Lee SH, Shin K, Park S, Kang SM, Choi D, Lee SH, Lee SH. Circulating Anti-Elastin Antibody Levels and Arterial Disease Characteristics: Associations with Arterial Stiffness and Atherosclerosis. Yonsei Med J 2015; 56:1545-51. [PMID: 26446635 PMCID: PMC4630041 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2015.56.6.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Elastin is a major arterial structural protein, and elastin-derived peptides are related to arterial change. We previously reported on a novel assay developed using aortic elastin peptides; however, its clinical implications remain unclear. In this study, we assessed whether anti-elastin antibody titers reflect the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) or its characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 174 CAD patients and 171 age- and sex-matched controls. Anti-elastin antibody titers were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Parameters of arterial stiffness, including the augmentation index (AI) and heart-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (hfPWV), were measured non-invasively. The clinical and angiographic characteristics of CAD patients were also evaluated. Associations between anti-elastin levels and vascular characteristics were examined by linear regression analysis. RESULTS The median blood level of anti-elastin was significantly lower in the CAD group than in the controls [197 arbitrary unit (a.u.) vs. 63 a.u., p<0.001]. Levels of anti-elastin were significantly lower in men and in subjects with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, or high hfPWV. Nevertheless, anti-elastin levels were not dependent on atherothrombotic events or the angiographic severity of CAD. In a multivariate analysis, male sex (β=-0.38, p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (β=-0.62, p<0.001), hyperlipidemia (β=-0.29, p<0.001), and AI (β=-0.006, p=0.02) were ultimately identified as determinants of anti-elastin levels. CONCLUSION Lower levels of anti-elastin are related to CAD. The association between antibody titers and CAD is linked to arterial stiffness rather than the advancement of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kihyuk Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea; Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Min Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Donghoon Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyo Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.
| | - Sang-Hak Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea.
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25
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Mahlangu JN, Weldingh KN, Lentz SR, Kaicker S, Karim FA, Matsushita T, Recht M, Tomczak W, Windyga J, Ehrenforth S, Knobe K. Changes in the amino acid sequence of the recombinant human factor VIIa analog, vatreptacog alfa, are associated with clinical immunogenicity. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:1989-98. [PMID: 26362483 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vatreptacog alfa, a recombinant human factor VIIa (rFVIIa) analog developed to improve the treatment of bleeds in hemophilia patients with inhibitors, differs from native FVIIa by three amino acid substitutions. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover, confirmatory phase III trial (adept(™) 2), 8/72 (11%) hemophilia A or B patients with inhibitors treated for acute bleeds developed anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) to vatreptacog alfa. OBJECTIVES To characterize the formation of anti-vatreptacog alfa ADAs in hemophilia patients with inhibitors. METHODS/PATIENTS This was a post hoc analysis of adept(™) 2. Immunoglobulin isotype determination, specificity analysis of rFVIIa cross-reactive antibodies, epitope mapping of rFVIIa single mutant analogs and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiling were performed to characterize the ADAs. RESULTS Immunoglobulin isotyping indicated that the ADAs were of the immunoglobulin G subtype. In epitope mapping, none of the rFVIIa single mutant analogs (V158D, E296V or M298Q) contained the complete antibody epitope, confirming that the antibodies were specific for vatreptacog alfa. In two patients, for whom PK profiling was performed both before and after the development of ADAs, vatreptacog alfa showed a prolonged elimination phase following ADA development. During the follow-up evaluation, the rFVIIa cross-reactivity disappeared after the last vatreptacog alfa exposure, despite continued exposure to rFVIIa as part of standard care. CONCLUSIONS Results from the vatreptacog alfa phase III trial demonstrate that the specific changes made, albeit relatively small, to the FVIIa molecule alter its clinical immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Mahlangu
- Haemophilia Comprehensive Care Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - S R Lentz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - S Kaicker
- Maimonides Medical Centre, New York, NY, USA
| | - F A Karim
- Haemophilia Centre, National Blood Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - T Matsushita
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Recht
- Hemophilia Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - W Tomczak
- Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - J Windyga
- Department of Disorders of Haemostasis and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - K Knobe
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark
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26
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Hashemi SM, Fischer K, Moons KGM, van den Berg HM. Improved prediction of inhibitor development in previously untreated patients with severe haemophilia A. Haemophilia 2014; 21:227-233. [PMID: 25495680 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of previously untreated patients (PUPs) with severe haemophilia A is complicated by the formation of inhibitors. Prediction of PUPs with high risk is important to allow altering treatment with the intention to reduce the occurrence of inhibitors. An unselected multicentre cohort of 825 PUPs with severe haemophilia A (FVIII<0.01 IU mL(-1) ) was used. Patients were followed until 50 exposure days (EDs) or inhibitor development. All predictors of the existing prediction model including three new potential predictors were studied using multivariable logistic regression. Model performance was quantified [area under the curve (AUC), calibration plot] and internal validation (bootstrapping) was performed. A nomogram for clinical application was developed. Of the 825 patients, 225 (28%) developed inhibitors. The predictors family history of inhibitors, F8 gene mutation and an interaction variable of dose and number of EDs of intensive treatment were independently associated with inhibitor development. Age and reason for first treatment were not associated with inhibitor development. The AUC was 0.69 (95% CI 0.65-0.72) and calibration was good. An improved prediction model for inhibitor development and a nomogram for clinical use were developed in a cohort of 825 PUPs with severe haemophilia A. Clinical applicability was improved by combining dose and duration of intensive treatment, allowing the assessment of the effects of treatment decisions on inhibitor risk and potentially modify treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Hashemi
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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27
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Abstract
Congenital rubella syndrome still occurs throughout the world despite an effective vaccine being used in developed countries. Heat and light lability, as well as contraindications in immunocompromised persons, limit the use of the vaccine. An improved, more durable and less reactive rubella vaccine such as a peptide or subunit vaccine would address these unmet needs. We have sought to identify the genetic factors that influence both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Specifically, we have examined genetic polymorphisms and their associations with variations in the immune response to rubella vaccine. Our previous work with twins has identified substantial heritability with rubella vaccine antibody response. We have since identified human leukocyte antigen associations, with both humoral (class II) and cellular (class I) immunity. Our preliminary work with genetic determinants in cytokines and their receptors have offered tantalising leads as well. Now, having recruited a larger cohort to combine with our previous sample, we lay out in this paper our specific aims for a larger, more comprehensive study of the genetic associations with rubella vaccine response and components of both humoral and cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Jacobson
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine and the Department of Medicine at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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28
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Abstract
Many pathogenic bacteria have evolved mechanisms for evading host immune systems. One evasion mechanism is manifest by the surface layer (S-layer), a paracrystalline protein structure composed of S-layer proteins (SLPs). The S-layer, possessed by 2 Campylobacter species (C. fetus and C. rectus), is external to the bacterial outer membrane and can have multiple functions in immune avoidance. C. fetus is a pathogen of ungulates and immunocompromised humans, in whom it causes disseminated bloodstream disease. In C. fetus, the S-layer is required for dissemination and is involved in 2 mechanisms of evasion. First, the S-layer confers resistance to complement-mediated killing in non-immune serum by preventing the binding of complement factor C3b to the C. fetus cell surface. S-layer expressing C. fetus strains remain susceptible to complement-independent killing, utilizing opsonic antibodies directed against the S-layer. However, C. fetus has also evolved a mechanism for avoiding antibody-mediated killing by high-frequency antigenic variation of SLPs. Antigenic variation is accomplished by complex DNA inversion events involving a family of multiple SLP-encoding genes and a single SLP promoter. Inversion events result in the expression of antigenically variant S-layers, which require distinct antibody responses for killing. C. rectus is implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and also possesses an S-layer that appears to be involved in evading the human system. Although studied less extensively than its C. fetus counterpart, the C. rectus S-layer appears to confer resistance to complement-mediated killing and to cause the down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA.
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29
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Kitching AR, Huang XR, Ruth AJ, Tipping PG, Holdsworth SR. Effects of CTLA4-Fc on glomerular injury in humorally-mediated glomerulonephritis in BALB/c mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2002; 128:429-35. [PMID: 12067297 PMCID: PMC1906271 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01859.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated molecule 4-immunoglobulin fusion protein (CTLA4-Fc) on humorally-mediated glomerulonephritis was studied in accelerated anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) glomerulonephritis induced in BALB/c mice. This strain of mice develops antibody and complement dependent glomerulonephritis under this protocol. Sensitized BALB/c mice developed high levels of circulating autologous antibody titres, intense glomerular deposition of mouse immunoglobulin and complement, significant proteinuria, renal impairment, significant glomerular necrosis and a minor component of crescent formation 10 days after challenge with a nephritogenic antigen (sheep anti-GBM globulin). Early treatment during the primary immune response, or continuous treatment throughout the disease with CTLA4-Fc, significantly suppressed mouse anti-sheep globulin antibody titres in serum, and immunoglobulin and complement deposition in glomeruli. The degree of glomerular necrosis was improved and proteinuria was reduced, particularly in the earlier stages of disease. Late treatment by CTLA4-Fc starting one day after challenge with sheep anti-mouse GBM did not affect antibody production and did not attenuate glomerulonephritis. The low level of crescent formation found in BALB/c mice developing glomerulonephritis was not prevented by the administration of CTLA4-Fc. These results demonstrate that CTLA4-Fc is of benefit in this model of glomerulonephritis by its capacity to attenuate antibody production, without affecting the minor degree of cell-mediated glomerular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Kitching
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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30
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Abstract
The contribution that long-lived bone marrow (BM) plasma cells (PCs) provide to enduring humoral immunity has been underscored by a number of recent studies. However, little is known about the immediate precursors that give rise to long-lived PCs in the BM of immune individuals. We have identified subsets of antigen-experienced B cells within the immune BM that are precursors to PCs. These PC precursors arise in the BM 14 days after immunization and persist for greater than 9 months. Phenotypically distinct subsets of PC precursors give rise to short-lived or long-lived PCs. The differentiation of PC precursors to PCs occurs in the absence of antigen and requires cell division. The functional significance of these newly identified PC precursors in the persistence and quality of the humoral immune response is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P O'Connor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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31
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Colino J, Shen Y, Snapper CM. Dendritic cells pulsed with intact Streptococcus pneumoniae elicit both protein- and polysaccharide-specific immunoglobulin isotype responses in vivo through distinct mechanisms. J Exp Med 2002; 195:1-13. [PMID: 11781360 PMCID: PMC2196017 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20011432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Immature bone marrow-derived myeloid dendritic cells (BMDCs) are induced to undergo phenotypic maturation and secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, and IL-10 when pulsed in vitro with intact Streptococcus pneumoniae. After transfer to naive mice, pulsed BMDCs induce immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype responses specific for both protein and polysaccharide pneumococcal antigens, having in common the requirement for viable BMDCs, T cells, and B7-dependent costimulation in the recipient mice. Whereas primary Ig isotype responses to bacterial proteins uniformly require BMDC expression of major histocompatibility complex class II, CD40, and B7, and the secretion of IL-6, but not IL-12, similar requirements for antipolysaccharide Ig responses were only observed for the IgG1 isotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Colino
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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32
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Goebel P, Janney N, Valenzuela JR, Romanow WJ, Murre C, Feeney AJ. Localized gene-specific induction of accessibility to V(D)J recombination induced by E2A and early B cell factor in nonlymphoid cells. J Exp Med 2001; 194:645-56. [PMID: 11535632 PMCID: PMC2195934 DOI: 10.1084/jem.194.5.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Accessibility of immunoglobulin (Ig) gene segments to V(D)J recombination is highly regulated and is normally only achieved in B cell precursors. We previously showed that ectopic expression of E2A or early B cell factor (EBF) with recombination activating gene (RAG) induces rearrangement of IgH and IgL genes in nonlymphoid cells. VkappaI genes throughout the locus were induced to rearrange after transfection with E2A, suggesting that the entire Vkappa locus was accessible. However, here we show that Ig loci are not opened globally but that recombination is localized. Gene families are interspersed in the D(H), Vkappa, and Vlambda loci, and we show that certain families and individual genes undergo high levels of recombination after ectopic expression of E2A or EBF, while other families within the same locus are not induced to rearrange. Furthermore, in some families, induction of germline transcription correlates with the level of induced recombination, while in others there is no correlation, suggesting that recombination is not simply initiated by induction of germline transcription. The induced repertoire seen at 24 hours does not change significantly over time indicating the absence of many secondary rearrangements and also suggesting a direct targeting mechanism. We propose that accessibility occurs in a local manner, and that binding sites for factors facilitating accessibility are therefore likely to be associated with individual gene segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Goebel
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Immunology IMM-22, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Noel Janney
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Immunology IMM-22, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | | | - William J. Romanow
- Department of Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Cornelis Murre
- Department of Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ann J. Feeney
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Immunology IMM-22, La Jolla, CA 92037
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Klein WR, Steerenberg PA, Poelma F, vd Wiel E, Rutten VP, Misdorp W, de Jong WH, Ruitenberg EJ. Immune reactivity in cattle with ocular squamous cell carcinoma after intralesional BCG immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1986; 22:87-94. [PMID: 3719596 PMCID: PMC11038325 DOI: 10.1007/bf00199120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/1985] [Accepted: 01/07/1986] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocyte stimulation with Con A and specific immune reactivity to BCG (antibody formation to BCG and DTH reaction to PPD) were determined in BCG-treated, surgically treated and untreated cows with ocular squamous cell carcinoma. In tumor-bearing cows the Con A-induced proliferation of lymphocytes was reduced when compared to healthy controls. This suppression consisted of a reduced blastogenic response to Con A of lymphocytes from tumor-bearing cows, and the presence of a factor in the sera of these animals, as these sera suppressed the blastogenic response of lymphocytes from healthy cows. BCG had only a minor influence on the suppressive activity. Antibodies to BCG were demonstrated in 50% of the BCG-treated animals. The formation of antibodies was not influenced by intradermal injection of PPD of Mycobacterium bovis. Absorption of a BCG antibody containing serum with BOSCC tumor extracts did not reveal the existence of cross reacting antigens between BCG and BOSCC. Pretherapeutic and posttherapeutic Con A reactivity could not be correlated with clinical response. Of the 30 BCG treated cows 29 developed a positive DTH reaction to PPD. Correlation between clinical response and immune reactivity was seen only with regard to the DTH reaction to PPD: this reaction remained positive for a longer period after treatment in animals with a favorable clinical outcome than in nonresponding animals.
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34
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Nossal GJ, Pike BL. Clonal anergy: persistence in tolerant mice of antigen-binding B lymphocytes incapable of responding to antigen or mitogen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1980; 77:1602-6. [PMID: 6966401 PMCID: PMC348545 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.77.3.1602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of these experiments was to determine the degree of reduction in the number of antigen-binding B lymphocytes in the spleens of mice that had been rendered tolerant in the perinatal period. Newborn or pregnant mice were injected with fluorescein (Flu) coupled onto human gamma globulin, and the spleen cells of the neonatally injected mice, or of the offspring of the pregnant mice, were analyzed 1-6 weeks later. Tolerogen doses were chosen so as to achieve either a two-thirds reduction (low dose) in the number of anti-Flu B cells capable of yielding anti-hapten plaque-forming cell clones after in vitro stimulation, or as representing a supra-optimal tolerogenic stimulus (high dose). Antigen-binding B cells were studied by a two-cycle procedure, namely an initial cycle of binding to Flu-gelatin thin layers, followed by analysis of the binding cells in the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) after suitable staining with Flu-protein conjugates. With the high dose of tolerogen, a modest diminution in Flu-binding cell numbers down to 56-71% of control values could be induced. When these residual Flu-specific B cells were analyzed in the FACS to quantitate their spectrum of Flu-binding avidities, profiles identical to those of controls were obtained. The reduction proved transient in nature, binding cell numbers having returned to 80% of normal by 2 weeks and to normal by 6 weeks. Nevertheless, the Flu-specific B cells were incapable of responding to antigen or mitogen by antibody formation. With the low dose of tolerogen, despite the desired degree of functional silencing of Flu-specific B cells, the numbers and avidity spectra of antigen-binding cells were entirely normal in both the neonatally injected and in utero-injected groups. The results indicate that tolerance induced amongst immature B lymphocytes is not due to a physical elimination of the relevant B cell clones or to a modulation or blockade of their surface Ig receptors. Rather, it is due to the recognition and storage of negative signals amongst cells that continue to display a normal complement of receptors. We therefore propose that the term "clonal anergy" is a more accurate description than either "clonal deletion" or "clonal abortion."
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