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Arauna D, Araya-Maturana R, Urra FA, García Á, Palomo I, Fuentes E. Altered dynamics of calcium fluxes and mitochondrial metabolism in platelet activation-related disease and aging. Life Sci 2024; 351:122846. [PMID: 38880165 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms controlling platelet function is crucial for exploring potential therapeutic targets related to atherothrombotic pathologies and primary hemostasis disorders. Our research, which focuses on the role of platelet mitochondria and Ca2+ fluxes in platelet activation, the formation of the procoagulant phenotype, and thrombosis, has significant implications for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Traditionally, Ca2+-dependent cellular signaling has been recognized as a determinant process throughout the platelet activation, controlled primarily by store-operated Ca2+ entry and the PLC-PKC signaling pathway. However, despite the accumulated knowledge of these regulatory mechanisms, the effectiveness of therapy based on various commonly used antiplatelet drugs (such as acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel, among others) has faced challenges due to bleeding risks and reduced efficacy associated with the phenomenon of high platelet reactivity. Recent evidence suggests that platelet mitochondria could play a fundamental role in these aspects through Ca2+-dependent mechanisms linked to apoptosis and forming a procoagulant phenotype. In this context, the present review describes the latest advances regarding the role of platelet mitochondria and Ca2+ fluxes in platelet activation, the formation of the procoagulant phenotype, and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Arauna
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Interuniversity Center of Healthy Aging (CIES), MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Ramiro Araya-Maturana
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Félix A Urra
- Laboratory of Metabolic Plasticity and Bioenergetics, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Interuniversity Center of Healthy Aging (CIES), MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ángel García
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Iván Palomo
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Interuniversity Center of Healthy Aging (CIES), MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Interuniversity Center of Healthy Aging (CIES), MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
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2
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Josefsson EC. Platelet intrinsic apoptosis. Thromb Res 2023; 231:206-213. [PMID: 36739256 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In a healthy individual, the lifespan of most platelets is tightly regulated by intrinsic, or mitochondrial, apoptosis. This is a special form of programmed cell death governed by the BCL-2 family of proteins, where the prosurvival protein BCL-XL maintains platelet viability by restraining the prodeath proteins BAK and BAX. Restriction of platelet lifespan by activation of BAK and BAX mediated intrinsic apoptosis is essential to maintain a functional, haemostatically reactive platelet population. This review focuses on the molecular regulation of intrinsic apoptosis in platelets, reviews conditions linked to enhanced platelet death, discusses ex vivo storage of platelets and describes caveats associated with the assessment of platelet apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Josefsson
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Gothenburg, Sweden; The University of Gothenburg, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg, Sweden; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, VIC 3052, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, 1G Royal Parade, VIC 3052, Australia.
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3
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Yahia S, Eldars W, Eldegla H, Mansour AK, Guaida M, Abdelkader MSA, Wahba Y. Cell Death Markers in Children with Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Preliminary Study. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2023; 39:635-641. [PMID: 37786823 PMCID: PMC10542074 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-023-01639-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disease with possible dysregulation of the apoptotic pathways. We aimed to evaluate the possible role of some apoptotic markers (caspase 3, caspase 8 and BCL2) in the pathogenesis and course of ITP. We investigated some apoptotic markers (caspase 3, caspase 8 and BCL2) using the flow cytometry in 60 children with newly diagnosed ITP, 20 children with chemotherapy-related thrombocytopenia (CRT) and 20 healthy children. We also assessed the effects of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and methyl prednisolone therapies on the platelet apoptosis in children with newly diagnosed ITP. We demonstrated significantly higher values of caspase 3 in the newly diagnosed ITP group than control and CRT groups, and non-significantly higher values of caspase 8 in the ITP group than the healthy group. After IVIG treatment, the platelet count increased in all patients, and there was a significant decrease in caspase 3 and caspase 8 levels while BCL2 level increased. Regarding methylprednisolone treatment, there was a significant decrease in BCL2 and caspase 8 levels while caspase 3 levels did not significantly decrease. There is a possible role of the caspase dependent cell death pathway of the platelets in the occurrence of newly diagnosed ITP. There is heterogeneity in the apoptotic changes of newly diagnosed ITP children who received IVIG versus those who received methylprednisolone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohier Yahia
- Pediatric Department, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Waleed Eldars
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Heba Eldegla
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed K. Mansour
- Pediatric Department, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mouna Guaida
- Clinical Biochemistry, Mansoura University Children Hospital, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. A. Abdelkader
- Pediatric Department, Misr University for Science and Technology Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yahya Wahba
- Pediatric Department, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
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4
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Li YH, Wang XH, Huang WW, Tian RR, Pang W, Zheng YT. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus induces platelet activation and apoptosis via a reactive oxygen species-dependent pathway. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102837. [PMID: 37544244 PMCID: PMC10428115 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV) and with a high fatality rate. Thrombocytopenia is a major clinical manifestation observed in SFTS patients, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we explored the effects of SFTSV infection on platelet function in vivo in severely infected SFTSV IFNar-/- mice and on mouse and human platelet function in vitro. Results showed that SFTSV-induced platelet clearance acceleration may be the main reason for thrombocytopenia. SFTSV-potentiated platelet activation and apoptosis were also observed in infected mice. Further investigation showed that SFTSV infection induced platelet reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial dysfunction. In vitro experiments revealed that administration of SFTSV or SFTSV glycoprotein (Gn) increased activation, apoptosis, ROS production, and mitochondrial dysfunction in separated mouse platelets, which could be effectively ameliorated by the application of antioxidants (NAC (N-acetyl-l-cysteine), SKQ1 (10-(6'-plastoquinonyl) decyltriphenylphosphonium) and resveratrol). In vivo experiments showed that the antioxidants partially rescued SFTSV infection-induced thrombocytopenia by improving excessive ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction and down-regulating platelet apoptosis and activation. Furthermore, while SFTSV and Gn directly potentiated human platelet activation, it was completely abolished by antioxidants. This study revealed that SFTSV and Gn can directly trigger platelet activation and apoptosis in an ROS-MAPK-dependent manner, which may contribute to thrombocytopenia and hemorrhage during infection, but can be abolished by antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xue-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China; Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Wen-Wu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China; Office of Science and Technology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Ren-Rong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Wei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.
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Berna-Erro A, Sanchez-Collado J, Nieto-Felipe J, Macias-Diaz A, Redondo PC, Smani T, Lopez JJ, Jardin I, Rosado JA. The Ca 2+ Sensor STIM in Human Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1284. [PMID: 37759684 PMCID: PMC10526185 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The STIM family of proteins plays a crucial role in a plethora of cellular functions through the regulation of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and, thus, intracellular calcium homeostasis. The two members of the mammalian STIM family, STIM1 and STIM2, are transmembrane proteins that act as Ca2+ sensors in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and, upon Ca2+ store discharge, interact with and activate the Orai/CRACs in the plasma membrane. Dysregulation of Ca2+ signaling leads to the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and immune disorders. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying Ca2+ signaling pathways is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies targeting these diseases. This review focuses on several rare conditions associated with STIM1 mutations that lead to either gain- or loss-of-function, characterized by myopathy, hematological and immunological disorders, among others, and due to abnormal activation of CRACs. In addition, we summarize the current evidence concerning STIM2 allele duplication and deletion associated with language, intellectual, and developmental delay, recurrent pulmonary infections, microcephaly, facial dimorphism, limb anomalies, hypogonadism, and congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Berna-Erro
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (A.B.-E.); (J.N.-F.); (A.M.-D.); (P.C.R.); (J.J.L.)
| | - Jose Sanchez-Collado
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (T.S.)
| | - Joel Nieto-Felipe
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (A.B.-E.); (J.N.-F.); (A.M.-D.); (P.C.R.); (J.J.L.)
| | - Alvaro Macias-Diaz
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (A.B.-E.); (J.N.-F.); (A.M.-D.); (P.C.R.); (J.J.L.)
| | - Pedro C. Redondo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (A.B.-E.); (J.N.-F.); (A.M.-D.); (P.C.R.); (J.J.L.)
| | - Tarik Smani
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (T.S.)
- Group of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital of Virgen del Rocio, University of Seville, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 41004 Seville, Spain
| | - Jose J. Lopez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (A.B.-E.); (J.N.-F.); (A.M.-D.); (P.C.R.); (J.J.L.)
| | - Isaac Jardin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (A.B.-E.); (J.N.-F.); (A.M.-D.); (P.C.R.); (J.J.L.)
| | - Juan A. Rosado
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (A.B.-E.); (J.N.-F.); (A.M.-D.); (P.C.R.); (J.J.L.)
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6
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Dal Y, Nazıroğlu M, Özkaya MO. Low molecular weight heparin treatment reduced apoptosis and oxidative cytotoxicity in the thrombocytes of patients with recurrent pregnancy loss and thrombophilia: Involvements of TRPM2 and TRPV1 channels. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023; 49:1355-1365. [PMID: 36807656 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is known to be associated with increased thrombophilia and oxidative toxicity. However, the mechanism of thrombophilia apoptosis and oxidative toxicity is still unclear. In addition, the treatment of heparin induced regulator roles on intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+ ]i ) and cytosolic reactive oxygen species (cytROS) concentrations in several diseases. TRPM2 and TRPV1 channels are activated by different stimuli, including oxidative toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) via modulation of TRPM2 and TRPV1 on calcium signaling, oxidative toxicity, and apoptosis in the thrombocytes of RPL patients. STUDY DESIGN Thrombocyte and plasma samples collected from 10 patients with RPL and 10 healthy controls were used in the current study. MAIN FINDINGS The [Ca2+ ]i concentration, cytROS (DCFH-DA), mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1), apoptosis, caspase-3, and caspase-9 levels were high in the plasma and thrombocytes of RPL patients, although they were diminished by the treatments of LMWH, TRPM2 (N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid) and TRPV1 (capsazepine) channel blockers. CONCLUSIONS The current study results suggest that the treatment of LMWH is useful against apoptotic cell death and oxidative toxicity in the thrombocytes of patients with RPL, which seem to be dependent on increased levels of [Ca2+ ]i concentration via the activation of TRPM2 and TRPV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Dal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.,Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Okan Özkaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Hajtuch J, Iwicka E, Szczoczarz A, Flis D, Megiel E, Cieciórski P, Radomski MW, Santos-Martinez MJ, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I. The Pharmacological Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Functionalized with Eptifibatide on Platelets and Endothelial Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4383-4400. [PMID: 36164554 PMCID: PMC9507977 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s373691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In the search for new drug delivery platforms for cardiovascular diseases and coating of medical devices, we synthesized eptifibatide-functionalized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-EPI) and examined the pharmacological activity of AgNPs-EPI on platelets and endothelial cells in vitro and ex vivo. Methods Spherical AgNPs linked to eptifibatide were synthesized and characterized. Cytotoxicity was measured in microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1), platelets and red blood cells. Platelet mitochondrial respiration was measured using the Oxygraph-2k, a high-resolution modular respirometry system. The effect of AgNPs-EPI on the aggregation of washed platelets was measured by light aggregometry and the ex vivo occlusion time was determined using a reference laboratory method. The surface amount of platelet receptors such as P-selectin and GPIIb/IIIa was measured. The influence of AgNPS-EPI on blood coagulation science was assessed. Finally, the effect of AgNPs-EPI on endothelial cells was measured by the levels of 6-keto-PGF1alpha, tPa, cGMP and vWF. Results We describe the synthesis of AgNPs using eptifibatide as the stabilizing ligand. The molecules of this drug are directly bonded to the surface of the nanoparticles. The synthesized AgNPs-EPI did not affect the viability of platelets, endothelial cells and erythrocytes. Preincubation of platelets with AgNPs-EPI protected by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity. AgNPs-EPI inhibited aggregation-induced P-selectin expression and GPIIb/IIIa conformational changes in platelets. AgNPs-EPI caused prolongation of the occlusion time in the presence of collagen/ADP and collagen/adrenaline. AgNPs-EPI regulated levels of 6-keto-PGF1alpha, tPa, vWf and cGMP produced in thrombin stimulated HMEC-1 cells. Conclusion AgNPs-EPI show anti-aggregatory activity at concentrations lower than those required by the free drug acting via regulation of platelet aggregation, blood coagulation, and endothelial cell activity. Our results provide proof-of-principle evidence that AgNPs may be used as an effective delivery platform for antiplatelet drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Hajtuch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Eliza Iwicka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Szczoczarz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Damian Flis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | | | - Marek Witold Radomski
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Maria Jose Santos-Martinez
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Water-Soluble Tomato Concentrate, a Potential Antioxidant Supplement, Can Attenuate Platelet Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Healthy Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Crossover Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163374. [PMID: 36014880 PMCID: PMC9412583 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress and platelet apoptotic in middle-aged and elderly adults are important risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Therefore, it is of great significance to control the oxidative stress and platelet apoptosis in middle-aged and elderly adults. Previous acute clinical trials have shown that water-soluble tomato concentrate (WSTC) from fresh tomatoes could exert antiplatelet benefits after 3 h or 7 h, but its effects on platelet apoptosis and oxidative stress are still unknown, especially in healthy middle-aged and elderly adults. This current study aimed to examine the efficacies of WSTC on platelet apoptosis and oxidative stress in healthy middle-aged and elderly adults via a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial (10 weeks in total). A total of 52 healthy middle-aged and elderly adults completed this trial. The results showed that WSTC could increase the serum total antioxidant capacity levels (p < 0.05) and decrease the serum malondialdehyde levels (p < 0.05) after a 4-week WSTC supplementation in healthy middle-aged and elderly adults. Platelet endogenous reactive oxygen species generation (p < 0.05), mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation (p < 0.05) and phosphatidylserine exposure (p < 0.05) were attenuated. In addition, our present study also found that WSTC could inhibit platelet aggregation and activation induced by collagen or ADP after intervention (p < 0.05), while having no effects on adverse events (p > 0.05). The results suggest that WSTC can inhibit oxidative stress and its related platelet apoptosis, which may provide a basis for the primary prevention of WSTC in ASCVD.
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Platelet Apoptotic Response May Be Associated With the Capacity of Aspirin to Inhibit Platelets. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 76:584-591. [PMID: 33170592 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An inadequate platelet response to aspirin (ASA) has been identified in some patients under chronic ASA treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze if ASA-sensitive and ASA-resistant platelets have differences in their apoptotic capability. Clinically stable ischemic coronary patients who had been taking ASA (100 mg/d) for at least 9 months before inclusion were divided into ASA-resistant (n = 11) and ASA-sensitive (n = 13) groups as defined by the PFA-100 test. Platelets from ASA-sensitive patients showed higher expression of the proapoptotic proteins Bak and Bax than those from ASA-resistant patients, although only Bak protein remained different when the results were adjusted by age. In resting platelets, neither caspase-3 activity nor cytosolic cytochrome C levels were different between both experimental groups. Stimulation of platelets with calcium ionophore (10 nmol/L, A23187) increased caspase-3 activity (1.91-fold higher; P < 0.05) and cytosolic cytochrome C levels (1.84-fold higher; P < 0.05) to a higher degree in ASA-sensitive than in ASA-resistant platelets. In conclusion, ASA-sensitive platelets seem to be better prepared to undergo apoptosis during robust platelet activation.
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10
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Lee B, Norwitz E, Hwang IS, Woo JY, Hwang SO, Lee HJ. Impact of Progesterone on Molecular Mechanisms of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:3137-3146. [PMID: 34106437 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The role and mechanisms of progesterone in preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms of action of progesterone in pre-labor full-term fetal amniotic membrane cells with and without stimulation by microbial, pro-inflammatory, or thrombogenic agents. Fetal amniotic membranes were collected from 30 women with a normal singleton pregnancy undergoing elective cesarean section at term prior to the onset of labor. The human amniotic epithelial cells isolated were pretreated with and without medroxyprogesterone acetate for 24 h. Then, cells were treated with and without TLR/NLR agonists, pro-inflammatory cytokines, or thrombin for 48 h. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot, and caspase-3 activity measurement were performed. Progesterone stimulation decreased the expression of TLR2, TLR5, and Nod2 genes (alone and/or in combination with TLR/NLR agonists) and decreased the expression of IL-1β and IL-8 genes increased by stimulation with specific agonists for TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, Nod1, and Nod2. Moreover, progesterone decreased thrombin-induced IL-8 gene expression. Progesterone also decreased expression of Bax and Bid proteins (pro-apoptotic factors) increased by stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, NGAL, IL-18, and IL-1β) and thrombin. Progesterone stimulation alone as well as co-stimulation with TNF-α, NGAL, IL-18, IL-1β, or thrombin with progesterone either increased, decreased, or did not change the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, or XIAP genes (anti-apoptotic factors). These data suggest progesterone plays protective roles against PPROM through anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-thrombogenic actions on human-term fetal amniotic membrane cells. Progesterone alters pro-inflammatory cytokine- and thrombin-induced apoptosis by controlling the expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banghyun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Errol Norwitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - In Sun Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Woo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ook Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Joong Lee
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 271, Cheonbo-Ro, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-do, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Reddoch-Cardenas KM, Peltier GC, Chance TC, Nair PM, Meledeo MA, Ramasubramanian AK, Cap AP, Bynum JA. Cold storage of platelets in platelet additive solution maintains mitochondrial integrity by limiting initiation of apoptosis-mediated pathways. Transfusion 2020; 61:178-190. [PMID: 33294977 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold storage of platelets in plasma maintains hemostatic function and is an attractive alternative to room temperature platelets (RTPs). We have recently shown that functional differences between cold-stored platelets (CSPs) and RTPs after 5-day storage are associated with mitochondrial respiration and that CSPs in platelet (PLT) additive solution (PAS) can maintain hemostatic function for at least 15 days. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This study tested the hypothesis that cold storage in PAS preserves mitochondrial integrity by reducing PLT apoptosis. CSPs and RTPs in plasma or PAS were stored and assayed for up to 15 days for mitochondrial function and integrity, mitochondrial-associated mRNA transcript expression, apoptotic proteins, and apoptotic flow cytometry metrics. RESULTS CSP preserved mitochondria-associated mRNA comparable to baseline levels, improved mitochondrial respiration, and minimized depolarization to Day 15. Additionally, CSPs had minimal induction of caspases, preservation of plasma membrane integrity, and low expression of pro-apoptotic Bax. Storage in PAS appeared to be protective for RTPs in some parameters and enhanced the effects of CSPs. CONCLUSION Mitochondrial function and molecular analyses defined CSP priming as distinctly different from the well-documented RTP storage lesion. While current blood bank storage at room temperature is limited to 5 to 7 days, refrigeration and storage in PAS for up to 15 days may represent an opportunity to enhance inventories and access to PLT hemostatic support for bleeding patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grant C Peltier
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Prajeeda M Nair
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael A Meledeo
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Andrew P Cap
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James A Bynum
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, Sam Houston, Texas, USA
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12
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Analysis of the mechanism of damage produced by thiazole orange photoinactivation in apheresis platelets. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2020; 19:403-412. [PMID: 32955423 DOI: 10.2450/2020.0100-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogen Reduction Technologies (PRTs) are broad spectrum nucleic acid replication-blocking antimicrobial treatments designed to mitigate risk of infection from blood product transfusions. Thiazole Orange (TO), a photosensitizing nucleic acid dye, was previously shown to photoinactivate several types of bacterial and viral pathogens in RBC suspensions without adverse effects on function. In this report we extended TO treatment to platelet concentrates (PCs) to see whether it is compatible with in vitro platelet functions also, and thus, could serve as a candidate technology for further evaluation. MATERIAL AND METHODS PCs were treated with TO, and an effective treatment dose for inactivation of Staphylococci was identified. Platelet function and physiology were then evaluated by various assays in vitro. RESULTS Phototreatment of PCs yielded significant reduction (≥4-log) in Staphylococci at TO concentrations ≥20 μM. However, treatment with TO reduced aggregation response to collagen over time, and platelets became unresponsive by 24 hours post-treatment (from >80% at 1 h to 0% at 24 h). TO treatment also significantly increased CD62P expression (<1% CD62P+ for untreated and >50% for TO treated at 1 h) and induced apoptosis in platelets (<1% Annexin V+ for untreated and >50% for TO treated at 1 h) and damaged mitochondrial DNA. A mitochondria-targeted antioxidant and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger Mito-Tempo mitigated these adverse effects. DISCUSSION The results demonstrate that TO compromises mitochondria and perturbs internal signaling that activates platelets and triggers apoptosis. This study illustrates that protecting platelet mitochondria and its functions should be a fundamental consideration in selecting a PRT for transfusion units containing platelets, such as PCs.
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13
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ROS in Platelet Biology: Functional Aspects and Methodological Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144866. [PMID: 32660144 PMCID: PMC7402354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondria play a pivotal role in regulating platelet functions. Platelet activation determines a drastic change in redox balance and in platelet metabolism. Indeed, several signaling pathways have been demonstrated to induce ROS production by NAPDH oxidase (NOX) and mitochondria, upon platelet activation. Platelet-derived ROS, in turn, boost further ROS production and consequent platelet activation, adhesion and recruitment in an auto-amplifying loop. This vicious circle results in a platelet procoagulant phenotype and apoptosis, both accounting for the high thrombotic risk in oxidative stress-related diseases. This review sought to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying ROS production upon platelet activation and the effects of an altered redox balance on platelet function, focusing on the main advances that have been made in platelet redox biology. Furthermore, given the increasing interest in this field, we also describe the up-to-date methods for detecting platelets, ROS and the platelet bioenergetic profile, which have been proposed as potential disease biomarkers.
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14
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Leytin V, Gyulkhandanyan AV, Freedman J. Platelet Apoptosis Can Be Triggered Bypassing the Death Receptors. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2019; 25:1076029619853641. [PMID: 31167567 PMCID: PMC6715000 DOI: 10.1177/1076029619853641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In nucleated cells, the extrinsic pathway of the programmed cell death (apoptosis) is triggered by interaction of death ligands of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily with the death receptors on external cell surface membrane. In this review, we present evidence that, in contrast to nucleated cells, apoptosis in anucleate platelets can be induced through bypassing the death receptors, using instead specific receptors on the platelet surface mediating platelet activation, aggregation, and blood coagulation. These platelet surface receptors include the protease-activated receptor 1 of thrombin and glycoproteins IIbIIIa and Ibα, receptors of fibrinogen, and von Willebrand factor. The pro-apoptotic BH3 mimetic ABT-737 and calcium ionophore A23187 also trigger platelet apoptosis without using death receptors. These agents induce the intrinsic pathway of platelet apoptosis by direct targeting mitochondrial and extra-mitochondrial apoptotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Leytin
- 1 Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - John Freedman
- 1 Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,3 Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Melchinger H, Jain K, Tyagi T, Hwa J. Role of Platelet Mitochondria: Life in a Nucleus-Free Zone. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:153. [PMID: 31737646 PMCID: PMC6828734 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are abundant, small, anucleate circulating cells, serving many emerging pathophysiological roles beyond hemostasis; including active critical roles in thrombosis, injury response, and immunoregulation. In the absence of genomic DNA transcriptional regulation (no nucleus), platelets require strategic prepackaging of all the needed RNA and organelles from megakaryocytes, to sense stress (e.g., hyperglycemia), to protect themselves from stress (e.g., mitophagy), and to communicate a stress response to other cells (e.g., granule and microparticle release). Distinct from avian thrombocytes that have a nucleus, the absence of a nucleus allows the mammalian platelet to maintain its small size, permits morphological flexibility, and may improve speed and efficiency of protein expression in response to stress. In the absence of a nucleus, platelet lifespan of 7–10 days, is largely determined by the mitochondria. The packaging of 5–8 mitochondria is critical in aerobic respiration and yielding metabolic substrates needed for function and survival. Mitochondria damage or dysfunction, as observed with several disease processes, results in greatly attenuated platelet survival and increased risk for thrombovascular events. Here we provide insights into the emerging roles of platelets despite the lack of a nucleus, and the key role played by mitochondria in platelet function and survival both in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Melchinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kanika Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Tarun Tyagi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - John Hwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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16
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Liu D, Pei D, Hu H, Gu G, Cui W. Effects and Mechanisms of Vitamin C Post-Conditioning on Platelet Activation after Hypoxia/Reoxygenation. Transfus Med Hemother 2019; 47:110-118. [PMID: 32355470 DOI: 10.1159/000500492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet activation occurs upon ischemia/reperfusion and is related to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during this process. Vitamin C (VC) is a powerful antioxidant. VC scavenges ROS, reduces platelet activation, and attenuates reperfusion injury. However, the effects of VC on platelets undergoing hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) remain unclear. Objectives Herein, we evaluated the effects of VC on platelets in vitro following H/R and the related mechanisms. Method Fresh platelets were collected from 67 volunteers at the Blood Center of Hebei Province. Platelets were diluted with saline to a concentration of 2.00 × 10<sup>11</sup>/L. Aggregation and the curve slope were evaluated within 4 h with a whole-blood impedance analyzer. To determine the optimal experimental time, platelets were treated with hypoxia or reoxygenation for different times, and impedance aggregometry was carried out by measuring changes in electrical impedance induced by arachidonic acid (0.5 mM) and adenosine diphosphate (10 µM), thereby establishing the H/R model. Three antioxidants (VC, melatonin, and probucol) were used to treat platelets after H/R, and impedance aggregometry was used to determine their effects on platelet aggregation. The influence of VC on apoptosis-related indicators was detected. ROS and the mitochondrial membrane potential were observed by inverted fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, respectively. Related protein levels were detected by Western blotting. Results ROS scavengers inhibited platelet activation and aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. VC post-conditioning scavenged ROS, downregulated cytochrome C, Bax, and caspase-9 proteins, and upregulated Bcl-2 protein. These effects collectively blocked platelet apoptosis and inhibited platelet aggregation. Conclusions VC inhibited platelet aggregation by blocking apoptosis. Thus, VC may have applications in the treatment of platelet-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dongguo Pei
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haijuan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guoqiang Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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17
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Platelet mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondria-targeted quinone-and hydroquinone-derivatives: Review on new strategy of antiplatelet activity. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:215-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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18
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Bucan V, Peck CT, Nasser I, Liebsch C, Vogt PM, Strauß S. Identification of axolotl BH3-only proteins and expression in axolotl organs and apoptotic limb regeneration tissue. Biol Open 2018; 7:7/8/bio036293. [PMID: 30154109 PMCID: PMC6124574 DOI: 10.1242/bio.036293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Like other urodela amphibians, axolotls are able to regenerate lost appendages, even as adults, rendering them unique among higher vertebrates. In reaction to the severe trauma of a lost limb, apoptosis seems to be primarily implicated in the removal of injured cells and tissue homeostasis. Little, however, is known about apoptotic pathways and control mechanisms. Therefore, here we provide additional information regarding the mechanisms of tissue degradation. Expression patterns of Bcl-2 family members were analyzed using reverse transcriptase-PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence. In our study, we identified ten putative axolotl orthologs of the Bcl-2 family. We demonstrated that BH3-only proteins are differentially expressed in some axolotl organs, while they are expressed broadly in tail composite tissue and limb regeneration blastema. The importance of Bcl-2 family members is also indicated by detecting the expression of proapoptotic protein Bak in spatial congruence to apoptosis in the early stages of limb regeneration, while Bcl-2 expression was slightly modified. In conclusion, we demonstrate that Bcl-2 family members are conserved in the axolotl and might be involved in the tissue degradation processes that occur during limb regeneration. Summary: In our study we identified ten putative axolotl orthologs of the Bcl-2 family. We demonstrate that Bcl-2 family members are conserved in the axolotl and are involved in tissue degradation processes during limb regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Bucan
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Claas-Tido Peck
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Inas Nasser
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Liebsch
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter M Vogt
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sarah Strauß
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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19
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Kosgodage US, Mould R, Henley AB, Nunn AV, Guy GW, Thomas EL, Inal JM, Bell JD, Lange S. Cannabidiol (CBD) Is a Novel Inhibitor for Exosome and Microvesicle (EMV) Release in Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:889. [PMID: 30150937 PMCID: PMC6099119 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes and microvesicles (EMV) are lipid bilayer-enclosed structures, released by cells and involved in intercellular communication through transfer of proteins and genetic material. EMV release is also associated with various pathologies, including cancer, where increased EMV release is amongst other associated with chemo-resistance and active transfer of pro-oncogenic factors. Recent studies show that EMV-inhibiting agents can sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents and reduce cancer growth in vivo. Cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid derived from Cannabis sativa, has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, and displays anti-proliferative activity. Here we report a novel role for CBD as a potent inhibitor of EMV release from three cancer cell lines: prostate cancer (PC3), hepatocellular carcinoma (HEPG2) and breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231). CBD significantly reduced exosome release in all three cancer cell lines, and also significantly, albeit more variably, inhibited microvesicle release. The EMV modulating effects of CBD were found to be dose dependent (1 and 5 μM) and cancer cell type specific. Moreover, we provide evidence that this may be associated with changes in mitochondrial function, including modulation of STAT3 and prohibitin expression, and that CBD can be used to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy. We suggest that the known anti-cancer effects of CBD may partly be due to the regulatory effects on EMV biogenesis, and thus CBD poses as a novel and safe modulator of EMV-mediated pathological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchini S Kosgodage
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Centre, School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rhys Mould
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aine B Henley
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair V Nunn
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey W Guy
- GW Research, Sovereign House Vision Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - E L Thomas
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jameel M Inal
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Jimmy D Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Pharmacology, University College London School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Antoniak S, Tatsumi K, Schmedes CM, Grover SP, Pawlinski R, Mackman N. Protease-activated receptor 1 activation enhances doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 122:80-87. [PMID: 30098988 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The anti-cancer anthracycline drug Doxorubicin (Dox) causes cardiotoxicity. We investigated the role of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro experiments revealed that PAR-1 enhanced Dox-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species and cell death of cardiac myocytes and cardiac fibroblasts. The contribution of PAR-1 to Dox-induced cardiotoxicity was investigated by subjecting PAR-1-/- mice and PAR-1+/+ mice to acute and chronic exposure to Dox. Heart function was measured by echocardiography. PAR-1-/- mice exhibited significant less cardiac injury and dysfunction compared to PAR-1+/+ mice after acute and chronic Dox administration. PAR-1-/- mice had reduced levels of nitrotyrosine, apoptosis and inflammation in their heart compared to PAR-1+/+ mice. Furthermore, inhibition of PAR-1 in wild-type mice with vorapaxar significantly reduced the acute Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that activation of PAR-1 contributes to Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Inhibition of PAR-1 may be a new approach to reduce Dox-induced cardiotoxicity in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Antoniak
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| | - Kohei Tatsumi
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Clare M Schmedes
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Steven P Grover
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Rafal Pawlinski
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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21
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Leytin V, Gyulkhandanyan AV, Freedman J. How to Avoid False-Negative and False-Positive Diagnoses of Platelet Apoptosis: Illustrative Experimental and Clinically Relevant Cases. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2018; 24:1009-1013. [PMID: 29848061 PMCID: PMC6714749 DOI: 10.1177/1076029618778140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets may selectively execute apoptosis (PL-Apo), activation (PL-Act), and both or no responses when exposed to different chemical agents, shear stresses, and stored under blood banking conditions. Appropriate diagnosis of PL-Apo is an important issue of platelet physiology investigations. However, in diagnosing PL-Apo, there is a risk of a false-negative or false-positive diagnosis. The goal of the current review is to present recommendations that may help to avoid incorrect PL-Apo diagnosis. Analyzing reported studies, we recommend (1) using platelet-rich plasma rather than isolated platelets to minimize artificial stimulation of PL-Apo during platelet isolation, (2) using established optimal conditions for stimulation of PL-Apo and/or PL-Act, (3) using a panel of PL-Apo and PL-Act markers, and (4) appropriate positive and negative controls for quantification of PL-Apo and PL-Act responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Leytin
- 1 Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2 Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - John Freedman
- 1 Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,3 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,4 Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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22
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De Silva E, Kim H. Drug-induced thrombocytopenia: Focus on platelet apoptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 284:1-11. [PMID: 29410286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is a serious and potentially fatal complication of drug therapy that results either from a decrease in bone marrow platelet production or the excessive destruction of circulating platelets. Although multiple mechanisms are responsible for deregulated platelet clearance, the role of programmed platelet death (apoptosis) in drug-induced thrombocytopenia has been relatively under-investigated until recently. Here we review apoptotic signaling pathways in platelets, with a focus on current data that provide mechanistic insights into drug-induced apoptosis and thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoli De Silva
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hugh Kim
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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23
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Gao Q, Xiang Y, Chen Z, Zeng L, Ma X, Zhang Y. βγ-CAT, a non-lens betagamma-crystallin and trefoil factor complex, induces calcium-dependent platelet apoptosis. Thromb Haemost 2017; 105:846-54. [DOI: 10.1160/th10-10-0690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryIn recent years, it has been reported that apoptosis may occur in platelets and play a role in the clearance of effete platelets. βγ-CAT, a newly identified non-lens βγ-crystallin and trefoil factor complex from frog Bombina maxima skin secretions, caused several in vivo toxic effects on mammals. Through determined haematological parameters of rabbits, it has been found that βγ-CAT significantly reduced the number of platelets in a time-dependent manner. Here, in order to explore the effect of βγ-CAT on platelets, washed platelets were incubated with various concentrations of βγ-CAT for 30 minutes. We found that βγ-CAT induced several apoptosis events in human platelets, including caspase-3 activation, phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, depolarisation of mitochondrial inner transmembrane potential (ΔΨm), cytochrome c re-lease and strong expression of pro-apoptotic Bax and Bak proteins. However, βγ-CAT did not significantly induce platelet activation as detected by P-selectin surface expression, GPIIb/IIIa activation and platelet aggregation. In addition, we observed that βγ-CAT-induced PS exposure and ΔΨm depolarisation in platelets are Ca2+-dependent. Taken together, βγ-CAT can induce Ca2+-dependent platelet apoptosis but does not cause platelet activation.
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Role of P2Y 12 Receptor in Thrombosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 906:307-324. [PMID: 27628007 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
P2Y12 receptor is a 342 amino acid Gi-coupled receptor predominantly expressed on platelets. P2Y12 receptor is physiologically activated by ADP and inhibits adenyl cyclase (AC) to decrease cyclic AMP (cAMP) level, resulting in platelet aggregation. It also activates PI3 kinase (PI3K) pathway leading to fibrinogen receptor activation, and may protect platelets from apoptosis. Abnormalities of P2Y12 receptor include congenital deficiencies or high activity in diseases like diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), exposing such patients to a prothrombotic condition. A series of clinical antiplatelet drugs, such as clopidogrel and ticagrelor, are designed as indirect or direct antagonists of P2Y12 receptor to reduce incidence of thrombosis mainly for patients of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who are at high risk of thrombotic events. Studies on novel dual-/multi-target antiplatelet agents consider P2Y12 receptor as a promising part in combined targets. However, the clinical practical phenomena, such as "clopidogrel resistance" due to gene variations of cytochrome P450 or P2Y12 receptor constitutive activation, call for better antiplatelet agents. Researches also showed inverse agonist of P2Y12 receptor could play a better role over neutral antagonists. Personalized antiplatelet therapy is the most ideal destination for antiplatelet therapy in ACS patients with or without other underlying diseases like DM or CKD, however, there is still a long way to go.
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25
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Protein kinase A activation by the anti-cancer drugs ABT-737 and thymoquinone is caspase-3-dependent and correlates with platelet inhibition and apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2898. [PMID: 28661475 PMCID: PMC5520940 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia is a common bleeding risk in cancer patients and limits chemotherapy dose and frequency. Recent data from mouse and human platelets revealed that activation of protein kinase A/G (PKA/PKG) not only inhibited thrombin/convulxin-induced platelet activation but also prevented the platelet pro-coagulant state. Here we investigated whether or not PKA/PKG activation could attenuate caspase-dependent apoptosis induced by the anti-cancer drugs ABT-737 (the precursor of navitoclax) and thymoquinone (TQ), thereby potentially limiting chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. This is particularly relevant as activation of cyclic nucleotide signalling in combination chemotherapy is an emerging strategy in cancer treatment. However, PKA/PKG-activation, as monitored by phosphorylation of Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), did not block caspase-3-dependent platelet apoptosis induced by the compounds. In contrast, both substances induced PKA activation themselves and PKA activation correlated with platelet inhibition and apoptosis. Surprisingly, ABT-737- and TQ-induced VASP-phosphorylation was independent of cAMP levels and neither cyclases nor phosphatases were affected by the drugs. In contrast, however, ABT-737- and TQ-induced PKA activation was blocked by caspase-3 inhibitors. In conclusion, we show that ABT-737 and TQ activate PKA in a caspase-3-dependent manner, which correlates with platelet inhibition and apoptosis and therefore potentially contributes to the bleeding risk in chemotherapy patients.
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Platelet hyperactivation, apoptosis and hypercoagulability in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Thromb Res 2017; 155:106-115. [PMID: 28528289 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Changes in systemic redox balance can alter platelet activation and aggregation. Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a systematic inflammatory disease associated with mechanical shear stress, increased thrombin, catecholamines, serotonin and hemolysis, which cumulatively can hyperactivate platelets and accelerate their turnover. We tested the hypothesis that platelets from patients with moderately severe PE will show hyperstimulation and a pre-apoptotic phenotype associated with microparticles (MPs) in plasma. Blood for platelet respiration and thromboelastography (TEG) was obtained at diagnosis and 24h later from patients (n=76) with image-proven PE, SBP>90mmHg and right ventricular dysfunction demonstrated by echocardiogram or elevated biomarkers. Controls (n=12) were healthy volunteers. At diagnosis, platelets from PE patients had significantly elevated baseline oxygen consumption compared with controls, explained primarily by accelerated electron transport and oxygen wasting with no measurable extramitochondrial oxygen consumption. On thromboelastography, unstimulated thrombin-independent maximum amplitude was increased with PE, 19±14.1 vs.10.5±7.8mm in controls (p=0.002). Compared with controls, platelets from PE patients showed elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species with decreased mitochondrial Bcl-2 protein content and increased cytosolic cytochrome C, coincident with strong annexin V binding, P selectin release from lysed platelets and in plasma MPs compared to controls (p<0.05). These results show evidence of platelet hyperactivation and apoptosis in patients with acute PE, and provide preliminary theoretical basis for further exploration of platelet inhibition in patients with more severe PE.
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Chen Z, Schubert P, Bakkour S, Culibrk B, Busch MP, Devine DV. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase regulates mitochondrial function and microvesicle release in riboflavin- and ultraviolet light-treated apheresis platelet concentrates. Transfusion 2017; 57:1199-1207. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Chen
- Centre for Innovation; Canadian Blood Services; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Peter Schubert
- Centre for Innovation; Canadian Blood Services; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Sonia Bakkour
- Blood Systems Research Institute; University of California; San Francisco California
| | - Brankica Culibrk
- Centre for Innovation; Canadian Blood Services; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Michael P. Busch
- Blood Systems Research Institute; University of California; San Francisco California
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; University of California; San Francisco California
| | - Dana V. Devine
- Centre for Innovation; Canadian Blood Services; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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Abstract
The lifespan of platelets in circulation is brief, close to 10 days in humans and 5 days in mice. Bone marrow residing megakaryocytes produce around 100 billion platelets per day. In a healthy individual, the majority of platelets are not consumed by hemostatic processes, but rather their lifespan is controlled by programmed cell death, a canonical intrinsic apoptosis program. In the last decade, insights from genetically manipulated mouse models and pharmacological developments have helped to define the components of the intrinsic, or mitochondrial, apoptosis pathway that controls platelet lifespan. This review focuses on the molecular regulation of apoptosis in platelet survival, reviews thrombocytopenic conditions linked to enhanced platelet death, examines implications of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia through apoptosis-inducing drugs in cancer therapy as well as discusses ex vivo aging of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Lebois
- a The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Emma C Josefsson
- a The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Melbourne , Australia.,b Department of Medical Biology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
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Signaling mechanism of protease activated receptor 1-induced proliferation of astrocytes: Stabilization of hypoxia inducible factor-1α triggers glucose metabolism and accumulation of cyclin D1. Neurochem Int 2014; 79:20-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Garcia-Souza LF, Oliveira MF. Mitochondria: Biological roles in platelet physiology and pathology. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 50:156-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Albarrán L, Dionisio N, López E, Salido GM, Rosado JA. The membrane potential modulates thrombin-stimulated Ca²⁺ mobilization and platelet aggregation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 538:130-7. [PMID: 23988350 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors can be directly modulated by changes in transmembrane voltage in a variety of cell types. Here we show that, while changes in the membrane voltage itself do not induce detectable modifications in the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration, platelet stimulation with thrombin or the PAR-1 and PAR-4 agonist peptides SFLLRN and AYPGKF, respectively, results in Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores that is sensitive to the membrane depolarisation. Direct activation of G proteins or phospholipase C by AlF4(-) and m-3M3FBS, respectively, leads to Ca(2+) release that is insensitive to changes in the membrane potential. Thapsigargin-, as well as OAG-induced Ca(2+) entry are affected by the membrane voltage, probably as a result of the modification in the driving force for Ca(2+) influx; however, hyperpolarisation does not enhance thrombin- or OAG-evoked Ca(2+) entry probably revealing the presence of a voltage-sensitive regulatory mechanism. Transmembrane voltage also modulates the activity of the plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase (PMCA) most likely due to a decrease in the phosphotyrosine content of the pump. Thrombin-stimulated platelet aggregation is modulated by membrane depolarisation by a mechanism that is, at least partially, independent of Ca(2+). These observations indicate that PAR-1 and PAR-4 receptors are modulated by the membrane voltage in human platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Albarrán
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
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Hottz ED, Oliveira MF, Nunes PCG, Nogueira RMR, Valls-de-Souza R, Da Poian AT, Weyrich AS, Zimmerman GA, Bozza PT, Bozza FA. Dengue induces platelet activation, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death through mechanisms that involve DC-SIGN and caspases. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11:951-62. [PMID: 23433144 PMCID: PMC3971842 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, dengue is the most prevalent human arbovirus disease. Dengue infection may cause a range of clinical manifestations from self-limiting febrile illness through to a life-threatening syndrome accompanied by both bleeding and shock. Thrombocytopenia is frequently observed in mild and severe disease; however, the mechanisms involved in DENV-induced platelet activation and thrombocytopenia are incompletely understood. PATIENTS AND METHODS Freshly isolated platelets from patients with dengue were evaluated for markers of activation, mitochondrial alteration and activation of cell death pathways. In parallel, we examined direct DENV-induced activation and apoptosis of platelets obtained from healthy subjects. RESULTS We found that platelets from DENV-infected patients exhibited increased activation by comparison to control subjects. Moreover, platelets from DENV-infected patients exhibited classic signs of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis that include increased surface phosphatidylserine exposure, mitochondrial depolarization and activation of caspase-9 and -3. Indeed, thrombocytopenia was shown to strongly associate with enhanced platelet activation and cell death in DENV-infected patients. Platelet activation, mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase-dependent phosphatidylserine exposure on platelets were also observed when platelets from healthy subjects were directly exposed to DENV in vitro. DENV-induced platelet activation was shown to occur through mechanisms largely dependent on DC-SIGN. CONCLUSIONS Together our results demonstrate that platelets from patients with dengue present signs of activation, mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of the apoptosis caspase cascade, which may contribute to the development of thrombocytopenia in patients with dengue. Our results also suggest the involvement of DC-SIGN as a critical receptor in DENV-dependent platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio D. Hottz
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto de Pesquisa Clinica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcus F. Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Priscila C. G. Nunes
- Laboratório de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rita Maria R. Nogueira
- Laboratório de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rogério Valls-de-Souza
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto de Pesquisa Clinica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andréa T. Da Poian
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andrew S. Weyrich
- The Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Guy A. Zimmerman
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Patricia T. Bozza
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando A. Bozza
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto de Pesquisa Clinica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Gyulkhandanyan AV, Mutlu A, Freedman J, Leytin V. Selective triggering of platelet apoptosis, platelet activation or both. Br J Haematol 2013; 161:245-54. [PMID: 23398569 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Anucleate platelets perform two fundamental processes, activation and apoptosis. We elaborated an approach for selective and concurrent stimulation of platelet apoptosis and/or activation, processes important in haemostasis and platelet clearance. Human platelets were treated with BH3 mimetic ABT-737, thrombin, calcium ionophore A23187 and matched diluents. Apoptosis was determined as mitochondrial inner membrane potential (ΔΨm) depolarization and activation as P-selectin exposure. At optimal treatment conditions (90-180 min, 37°C), ABT-737 predominantly induced apoptosis, when 77-81% platelets undergo only ΔΨm depolarization. The ABT-737 impact on ΔΨm depolarization is strongly time- and temperature-dependent, and much higher at 37°C than at room temperature. In contrast, when platelets were treated with thrombin for 15-90 min at either temperature, activation-only was predominantly (79-85%) induced, whereas A23187 triggers both apoptosis and activation (73-81%) when platelets were treated for 15-60 min at 37°C or 15-90 min at room temperature. These data demonstrate that, depending on the triggering stimulus, platelets predominantly undergo ΔΨm depolarization-only, P-selectin exposure-only, or both responses, indicating that platelet apoptosis and activation are different phenomena driven by different mechanisms. The described model provides a basis for studying differential pharmacological manipulation of platelet apoptosis and activation and their role in haemostasis, thrombosis and platelet clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen V Gyulkhandanyan
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Winkler J, Rand ML, Schmugge M, Speer O. Omi/HtrA2 and XIAP are components of platelet apoptosis signalling. Thromb Haemost 2013; 109:532-9. [PMID: 23306356 DOI: 10.1160/th12-06-0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although platelets possess the hallmarks of apoptosis such as activation of caspases, cytochrome c release and depolarisation of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (∆Ψm), their entire apoptotic-signalling pathway is not totally understood. Therefore we studied the expression of various apoptotic proteins and found that platelets contain the pro-apoptotic proteins Omi/HtrA2 and Smac/Diablo, as well as their target the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis XIAP. Omi/HtrA2 and Smac/Diablo were released from mitochondria into the platelet cytosol together with cytochrome c after induction of apoptosis by the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 or the BH3 mimetic ABT-737, and to a lesser extent, after platelet stimulation with collagen and thrombin. Inhibition of Omi/HtrA2 led to decreased levels of activated caspase-3/7 and caspase-9, but did not abolish loss of ∆Ψm or prevent release of Omi/HtrA2 from mitochondria. These results indicate that platelets have a functional intrinsic apoptotic-signalling pathway including the pro-apoptotic protease Omi/HtrA2 and its target protein XIAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine Winkler
- Division of Haematology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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35
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Zhang S, Ye J, Zhang Y, Xu X, Liu J, Zhang SH, Kunapuli SP, Ding Z. P2Y12 protects platelets from apoptosis via PI3k-dependent Bak/Bax inactivation. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11:149-60. [PMID: 23140172 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet ADP receptor P2Y(12) is well studied and recognized as a key player in platelet activation, hemostasis and thrombosis. However, the role of P2Y(12) in platelet apoptosis remains unknown. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the role of the P2Y(12) receptor in platelet apoptosis. METHODS We used flow cytometry and Western blotting to assess apoptotic events in platelets treated with ABT-737 or ABT-263, and stored at 37°C, combined with P2Y(12) receptor antagonists or P2Y(12) -deficient mice. RESULTS P2Y(12) activation attenuated apoptosis induced by ABT-737 in human and mouse platelets in vitro, evidenced by reduced phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, diminished depolarization of mitochondrial inner transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) and decreased caspase-3 activation. Through increasing the phosphorylation level of Akt and Bad, and changing the interaction between different Bcl-2 family proteins, P2Y(12) activation inactivated Bak/Bax. This antiapoptotic effect could be abolished by P2Y(12) antagonism or PI3K inhibition. We also observed the antiapoptotic effect of P2Y(12) activation in platelets stored at 37°C. P2Y(12) activation improved the impaired activation responses of apoptotic platelets stressed by ABT-737. In platelets from mice dosed with ABT-263 in vivo, clopidogrel or deficiency of P2Y(12) receptor enhanced apoptosis along with increased Bak/Bax activation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that P2Y(12) activation protects platelets from apoptosis via PI3k-dependent Bak/Bax inactivation, which may be physiologically important to counter the proapoptotic challenge. Our findings that P2Y(12) blockade exaggerates platelet apoptosis induced by ABT-263 (Navitoclax) also imply a novel drug interaction of ABT-263 and P2Y(12) antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
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van der Wal DE, Gitz E, Du VX, Lo KSL, Koekman CA, Versteeg S, Akkerman JWN. Arachidonic acid depletion extends survival of cold-stored platelets by interfering with the [glycoprotein Ibα--14-3-3ζ] association. Haematologica 2012; 97:1514-22. [PMID: 22371179 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2011.059956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold storage of platelets reduces bacterial growth and preserves their hemostatic properties better than current procedures do. However, storage at 0°C induces [14-3-3ζ-glycoprotein Ibα] association, 14-3-3ζ release from phospho-Bad, Bad activation and apoptosis. DESIGN AND METHODS We investigated whether arachidonic acid, which also binds 14-3-3ζ, contributes to coldinduced apoptosis. RESULTS Cold storage activated P38-mitogen-activated protein kinase and released arachidonic acid, which accumulated due to cold inactivation of cyclooxygenase-1/thromboxane synthase. Accumulated arachidonic acid released 14-3-3ζ from phospho-Bad and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, which are steps in the induction of apoptosis. Addition of arachidonic acid did the same and its depletion made platelets resistant to cold-induced apoptosis. Incubation with biotin-arachidonic acid revealed formation of an [arachidonic acid-14-3-3ζ-glycoprotein Ibα] complex. Indomethacin promoted complex formation by accumulating arachidonic acid and released 14-3-3ζ from cyclo-oxygenase-1. Arachidonic acid depletion prevented the cold-induced reduction of platelet survival in mice. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that cold storage induced apoptosis through an [arachidonic acid-14-3-3ζ-glycoprotein Ibα] complex, which released 14-3-3ζ from Bad in an arachidonic acid-dependent manner. Although arachidonic acid depletion reduced agonist-induced thromboxane A(2) formation and aggregation, arachidonic acid repletion restored these functions, opening ways to reduce apoptosis during storage without compromising hemostatic functions post-transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne E van der Wal
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Reid S, Johnson L, Woodland N, Marks DC. Pathogen reduction treatment of buffy coat platelet concentrates in additive solution induces proapoptotic signaling. Transfusion 2012; 52:2094-103. [PMID: 22320126 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03558.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogen reduction technology (PRT) can potentially reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections. However, PRT treatment of platelet (PLT) concentrates also results in reduced PLT quality and increased markers of apoptosis during storage. The aim of this study was to investigate changes to the expression and activation of proteins involved in apoptosis signaling. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Samples from riboflavin and ultraviolet light PRT-treated and untreated (control) buffy coat-derived PCs in 70% SSP+ and 30% plasma were taken on Days 1, 5, and 7 of storage. Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, expression of Bcl-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, and cleavage of caspase-3 and caspase-3 substrates were analyzed using flow cytometry and Western blotting. RESULTS Compared to untreated controls, markers of apoptosis signaling were increased after PRT and subsequent storage. PS exposure on the PLT outer membrane was significantly higher after PRT on Days 5 and 7 of storage (p < 0.05). Expression of proapoptotic Bak and Bax was higher after PRT and subsequent storage. Cytochrome c release and caspase-3 cleavage were also greater and occurred earlier in the PRT-treated PLTs. The cleavage of caspase-3 substrates gelsolin and ROCK I were also increased after PRT, compared to untreated controls. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated an increase in proapoptotic signaling during PLT storage, which was exacerbated by PRT. Many of these differences emerged outside the current 5-day storage period. These changes may not currently influence PLT transfusion quality, but will need to be carefully evaluated when considering extending PLT storage beyond 5 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Reid
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, and the School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Abstract
For many years, programmed cell death, known as apoptosis, was attributed exclusively to nucleated cells. Currently, however, apoptosis is also well-documented in anucleate platelets. This review describes extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis in nucleated cells and in platelets, platelet apoptosis induced by multiple chemical stimuli and shear stresses, markers of platelet apoptosis, mitochodrial control of platelet apoptosis, and apoptosis mediated by platelet surface receptors PAR-1, GPIIbIIIa and GPIbα. In addition, this review presents data on platelet apoptosis provoked by aging of platelets in vitro during platelet storage, platelet apoptosis in pathological settings in humans and animal models, and inhibition of platelet apoptosis by cyclosporin A, intravenous immunoglobulin and GPIIbIIIa antagonist drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Leytin
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Morel O, Morel N, Jesel L, Freyssinet JM, Toti F. Microparticles: a critical component in the nexus between inflammation, immunity, and thrombosis. Semin Immunopathol 2011; 33:469-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-010-0239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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40
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BCL2/BCL-X(L) inhibition induces apoptosis, disrupts cellular calcium homeostasis, and prevents platelet activation. Blood 2011; 117:7145-54. [PMID: 21562047 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-03-344812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis in megakaryocytes results in the formation of platelets. The role of apoptotic pathways in platelet turnover and in the apoptotic-like changes seen after platelet activation is poorly understood. ABT-263 (Navitoclax), a specific inhibitor of antiapoptotic BCL2 proteins, which is currently being evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of leukemia and other malignancies, induces a dose-limiting thrombocytopenia. In this study, the relationship between BCL2/BCL-X(L) inhibition, apoptosis, and platelet activation was investigated. Exposure to ABT-263 induced apoptosis but repressed platelet activation by physiologic agonists. Notably, ABT-263 induced an immediate calcium response in platelets and the depletion of intracellular calcium stores, indicating that on BCL2/BCL-X(L) inhibition platelet activation is abrogated because of a diminished calcium signaling. By comparing the effects of ABT-263 and its analog ABT-737 on platelets and leukemia cells from the same donor, we show, for the first time, that these BCL2/BCL-X(L) inhibitors do not offer any selective toxicity but induce apoptosis at similar concentrations in leukemia cells and platelets. However, reticulated platelets are less sensitive to apoptosis, supporting the hypothesis that treatment with ABT-263 induces a selective loss of older platelets and providing an explanation for the transient thrombocytopenia observed on ABT-263 treatment.
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Morel O, Jesel L, Freyssinet JM, Toti F. Cellular mechanisms underlying the formation of circulating microparticles. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:15-26. [PMID: 21160064 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.200956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) derived from platelets, monocytes, endothelial cells, red blood cells, and granulocytes may be detected in low concentrations in normal plasma and at increased levels in atherothrombotic cardiovascular diseases. The elucidation of the cellular mechanisms underlying the generation of circulating MPs is crucial for improving our understanding of their pathophysiological role in health and disease. The flopping of phosphatidylserine (PS) to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane is the key event that will ultimately lead to the shedding of procoagulant MPs from activated or apoptotic cells. Research over the last few years has revealed important roles for calcium-, mitochondrial-, and caspase-dependent mechanisms leading to PS exposure. The study of Scott cells has unraveled different molecular mechanisms that may contribute to fine-tuning of PS exposure and MP release in response to a variety of specific stimuli. The pharmacological modulation of MP release may have a substantial therapeutic impact in the management of atherothrombotic vascular disorders. Because PS exposure is a key feature in pathological processes different from hemostasis and thrombosis, the most important obstacle in the field of MP-modulating drugs seems to be carefully targeting MP release to relevant cell types at an optimal level, so as to achieve a beneficial action and limit possible adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Morel
- Institut d'Hématologie & Immunologie, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Dionisio N, Galán C, Jardín I, Salido GM, Rosado JA. Lipid rafts are essential for the regulation of SOCE by plasma membrane resident STIM1 in human platelets. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1813:431-7. [PMID: 21255618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 12/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
STIM1 is a transmembrane protein essential for the activation of store-operated Ca²+ entry (SOCE), a major Ca²+ influx mechanism. STIM1 is either located in the endoplasmic reticulum, communicating the Ca²+ concentration in the stores to plasma membrane channels or in the plasma membrane, where it might sense the extracellular Ca²+ concentration. Plasma membrane-located STIM1 has been reported to mediate the SOCE sensitivity to extracellular Ca²+ through its interaction with Orai1. Here we show that plasma membrane lipid raft domains are essential for the regulation of SOCE by extracellular Ca²+. Treatment of platelets with the SERCA inhibitor thapsigargin (TG) induced Mn²+ entry, which was inhibited by increasing concentrations of extracellular Ca²+. Platelet treatment with methyl-β-cyclodextrin, which removes cholesterol and disrupts the lipid raft domains, impaired the inactivation of Ca²+ entry induced by extracellular Ca²+. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin also abolished translocation of STIM1 to the plasma membrane stimulated by treatment with TG and prevented TG-evoked co-immunoprecipitation between plasma membrane-located STIM1 and the Ca²+ permeable channel Orai1. These findings suggest that lipid raft domains are essential for the inactivation of SOCE by extracellular Ca²+ mediated by the interaction between plasma membrane-located STIM1 and Orai1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Dionisio
- Department of Physiology, Cell Physiology Research Group, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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43
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van der Wal DE, DU VX, Lo KSL, Rasmussen JT, Verhoef S, Akkerman JWN. Platelet apoptosis by cold-induced glycoprotein Ibα clustering. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:2554-62. [PMID: 20735720 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04043.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold-storage of platelets followed by rewarming induces changes in Glycoprotein (GP) Ibα-distribution indicative of receptor clustering and initiates thromboxane A(2) -formation. GPIbα is associated with 14-3-3 proteins, which contribute to GPIbα-signaling and in nucleated cells take part in apoptosis regulation. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS We investigated whether GPIbα-clustering induces platelet apoptosis through 14-3-3 proteins during cold (4 h 0 °C)-rewarming (1 h 37 °C). RESULTS During cold-rewarming, 14-3-3 proteins associate with GPIbα and dissociate from Bad inducing Bad-dephosphorylation and activation. This initiates pro-apoptosis changes in Bax/Bcl-x(L) and Bax-translocation to the mitochondria, inducing cytochrome c release. The result is activation of caspase-9, which triggers phosphatidylserine exposure and platelet phagocytosis by macrophages. Responses are prevented by N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GN), which blocks GPIbα-clustering, and by O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase, which removes extracellular GPIbα. CONCLUSIONS Cold-rewarming triggers apoptosis through a GN-sensitive GPIbα-change indicative of receptor clustering. Attempts to improve platelet transfusion by cold-storage should focus on prevention of the GPIbα-change.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E van der Wal
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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44
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Investigating caspases and other markers of apoptosis in ITP. Ann Hematol 2010; 89 Suppl 1:45-6. [PMID: 20411261 PMCID: PMC2900585 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-009-0886-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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45
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Espino J, Bejarano I, Redondo PC, Rosado JA, Barriga C, Reiter RJ, Pariente JA, Rodríguez AB. Melatonin reduces apoptosis induced by calcium signaling in human leukocytes: Evidence for the involvement of mitochondria and Bax activation. J Membr Biol 2010; 233:105-18. [PMID: 20130848 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-010-9230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We have evaluated the effect of melatonin on apoptosis evoked by increases in [Ca(2+)]( c ) in human leukocytes. Our results show that treatment of neutrophils with the calcium mobilizing agonist FMLP or the specific inhibitor of calcium reuptake thapsigargin induced a transient increase in [Ca(2+)]( c ). Our results also show that FMLP and thapsigargin increased caspase-9 and -3 activities and the active forms of both caspases. The effect of FMLP and thapsigargin on caspase activation was time-dependent. Similar results were obtained when lymphocytes were stimulated with thapsigargin. This stimulatory effect was accompanied by induction of mPTP, activation of the proapoptotic protein Bax and release of cytochrome c. However, when leukocytes were pretreated with melatonin, all of the apoptotic features indicated above were significantly reversed. Our results suggest that melatonin reduces caspase-9 and -3 activities induced by increases in [Ca(2+)]( c ) in human leukocytes, which are produced through the inhibition of both mPTP and Bax activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Espino
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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46
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Brooks M, Etter K, Catalfamo J, Brisbin A, Bustamante C, Mezey J. A genome-wide linkage scan in German shepherd dogs localizes canine platelet procoagulant deficiency (Scott syndrome) to canine chromosome 27. Gene 2010; 450:70-5. [PMID: 19854246 PMCID: PMC3064881 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2009.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 09/12/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Scott syndrome is a rare hereditary bleeding disorder associated with an inability of stimulated platelets to externalize the negatively charged phospholipid, phosphatidylserine (PS). Canine Scott syndrome (CSS) is the only naturally occurring animal model of this defect and therefore represents a unique tool to discover a disease gene capable of producing this platelet phenotype. We undertook platelet function studies and linkage analyses in a pedigree of CSS-affected German shepherd dogs. Based on residual serum prothrombin and flow cytometric assays, CSS segregates as an autosomal recessive trait. An initial genome scan, performed by genotyping 48 dogs for 280 microsatellite markers, suggested linkage with markers on chromosome 27. Genotypes ultimately obtained for a total of 56 dogs at 11 markers on chromosome 27 revealed significant LOD scores for 2 markers near the centromere, with multipoint linkage indicating a CSS trait locus spanning approximately 14 cm. These results provide the basis for fine mapping studies to narrow the disease interval and target the evaluation of putative disease genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjory Brooks
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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47
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Skripchenko A, Myrup A, Thompson-Montgomery D, Awatefe H, Moroff G, Wagner SJ. Periods without agitation diminish platelet mitochondrial function during storage. Transfusion 2009; 50:390-9. [PMID: 19874561 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02450.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged periods without agitation produce platelet (PLT) storage lesions that result in reduced in vitro assay parameters and an increase of apoptotic markers during storage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of periods without agitation on PLT mitochondrial function, blood gases, and activation. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Apheresis PLT units (n = 12) were collected using a cell separator and each was equally divided among five storage bags (50 mL of PLT suspension in 300-mL nominal volume containers). Four bags were held without agitation for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours in a standard shipping box at room temperature and the fifth bag was continuously agitated. PLTs were assayed for standard in vitro PLT assays as well as for mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), accumulation of reactive oxygen species, Annexin V binding, mitochondrial mass, and activity of mitochondrial reduction power (MRP) immediately after removal of units from the shipping container on Days 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7. RESULTS Increasing periods without agitation resulted in increased superoxide anion generation and PLT activation as well as reduced PLT MMP and MRP. Increasing periods without agitation resulted in increasing Annexin V binding. PLTs that had undergone periods without agitation showed increased oxygen and carbon dioxide levels immediately after storage without agitation. The superoxide anion generation was highly correlated with the loss of MMP, increasing Annexin V binding, and pH decline. CONCLUSIONS PLTs, if stored without agitation, produce a lesion that leads PLTs to apoptosis. The severity of the lesion depends on the length of the period without agitation. Prolonged periods without agitation induce formation of superoxides and depolarization of MMP along with a presentation of apoptotic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Skripchenko
- American Red Cross Biomedical Services, Holland Laboratory, Blood Components Development, Rockville, Maryland 20855, USA.
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48
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López JJ, Redondo PC, Salido GM, Pariente JA, Rosado JA. N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine induces apoptosis through the activation of caspases-3 and -8 in human platelets. A role for endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Thromb Haemost 2009; 7:992-9. [PMID: 19548908 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03431.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis or programmed cell death involves a number of biochemical events, including the activation of caspases, which lead to specific cell morphology changes and ultimately cell death. Traditionally, two apoptotic pathways have been described: the cell-surface death receptor-dependent extrinsic pathway and the mitochondria-dependent intrinsic pathway. Alternatively, apoptosis has been reported to be induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is mainly induced by a reduction in intraluminal free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](ER)). OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to investigate the development of apoptotic events after ER stress induced by N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN), an ER Ca(2+) chelator, in human platelets. METHODS Changes in cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration, caspase activity and phosphatidylserine externalization were determined by fluorimetric techniques. RESULTS Our results indicate that TPEN reduces the amount of free Ca(2+) releasable by the Ca(2+)-mobilizing agonist thrombin. TPEN induced activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9 and subsequent phosphatidylserine externalization. The ability of TPEN to induce phosphatidylserine externalization was smaller than that of thrombin. In addition, TPEN was able to induce phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2 alpha). TPEN-mediated caspase-3 activation requires functional caspase-8, but is independent of H(2)O(2) generation. Activation of caspase-3 and -8 by TPEN was prevented by salubrinal, an agent that prevents ER stress-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION These findings provide experimental evidence for the existence of ER stress-mediated apoptosis in human platelets, a process that might limit platelet life span upon prolonged stimulation with agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J López
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Bejarano I, Redondo PC, Espino J, Rosado JA, Paredes SD, Barriga C, Reiter RJ, Pariente JA, Rodríguez AB. Melatonin induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in human myeloid HL-60 cells. J Pineal Res 2009; 46:392-400. [PMID: 19552762 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2009.00675.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of melatonin in the mediation of apoptotic events has recently gained attention, especially after recent studies have reported that melatonin exerts antiapoptotic actions in normal cells but may activate proapoptotic pathways in some tumor cells. Here, we have evaluated the effect of melatonin on apoptosis in the human leukemia cell line HL-60. Melatonin treatment (1 mm) induced a significant increase in caspase-3 and -9 activities. The effect of melatonin on the activation of caspases was time dependent, reaching a maximum after 12 hr of stimulation, and then decreasing to a minimum after 72 hr. Treatment with melatonin also evoked mitochondrial membrane depolarization and permeability transition pore induction, which caused loss of mitochondrial staining by calcein, and increased cell death by apoptosis/necrosis as demonstrated by propidium iodide positive-staining of cells after 72 hr of stimulation. In addition, the exposure of cells to melatonin resulted in an activation and association of the proapoptotic proteins Bax and Bid, as well as promoting detectable increases in the expression of both proteins. We conclude that melatonin has proapoptotic and/or oncostatic effects in the human myeloid cell line HL-60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Bejarano
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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50
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Matarrese P, Straface E, Palumbo G, Anselmi M, Gambardella L, Ascione B, Del Principe D, Malorni W. Mitochondria regulate platelet metamorphosis induced by opsonized zymosan A - activation and long-term commitment to cell death. FEBS J 2009; 276:845-56. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06829.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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