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Li Y, Lai J, Ran M, Yi T, Zhou L, Luo J, Liu X, Tang X, Huang M, Xie X, Li H, Yang Y, Zou W, Wu J. Alnustone promotes megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet production via the interleukin-17A/interleukin-17A receptor/Src/RAC1/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 971:176548. [PMID: 38570080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thrombocytopenia is a disease in which the number of platelets in the peripheral blood decreases. It can be caused by multiple genetic factors, and numerous challenges are associated with its treatment. In this study, the effects of alnustone on megakaryocytes and platelets were investigated, with the aim of developing a new therapeutic approach for thrombocytopenia. METHODS Random forest algorithm was used to establish a drug screening model, and alnustone was identified as a natural active compound that could promote megakaryocyte differentiation. The effect of alnustone on megakaryocyte activity was determined using cell counting kit-8. The effect of alnustone on megakaryocyte differentiation was determined using flow cytometry, Giemsa staining, and phalloidin staining. A mouse model of thrombocytopenia was established by exposing mice to X-rays at 4 Gy and was used to test the bioactivity of alnustone in vivo. The effect of alnustone on platelet production was determined using zebrafish. Network pharmacology was used to predict targets and signaling pathways. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining determined the expression levels of proteins. RESULTS Alnustone promoted the differentiation and maturation of megakaryocytes in vitro and restored platelet production in thrombocytopenic mice and zebrafish. Network pharmacology and western blotting showed that alnustone promoted the expression of interleukin-17A and enhanced its interaction with its receptor, and thereby regulated downstream MEK/ERK signaling and promoted megakaryocyte differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Alnustone can promote megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet production via the interleukin-17A/interleukin-17A receptor/Src/RAC1/MEK/ERK signaling pathway and thus provides a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jia Lai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Mei Ran
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Taian Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ling Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Jiesi Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Miao Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xiang Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Hong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Yan Yang
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Wenjun Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jianming Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Houser JS, Patel M, Wright K, Onopiuk M, Tsiokas L, Humphrey MB. The inhibitor of MyoD Family A (I-MFA) regulates megakaryocyte lineage commitment and terminal differentiation. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2023; 102:102760. [PMID: 37267696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2023.102760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis and lineage commitment are regulated by several conserved cell-intrinsic signaling pathways, including MAPKs and β-catenin/TCF/LEF. The Inhibitor of MyoD Family A (I-MFA), a transcriptional repressor and tumor suppressor gene, interacts with these pathways and is dysregulated in chronic and acute myeloid leukemias, suggesting it may play a role in development and differentiation during hematopoiesis. To study this, immune cell populations in the bone marrow (BM) and periphery were analyzed in mice lacking Mdfi, encoding I-MFA (I-MFA-/-), and wild type (WT) controls. I-MFA-/- mice had reduced spleen and BM cellularity, with significant hyposplenism, compared to WT mice. In blood, total red blood cells and platelet counts were significantly reduced in I-MFA-/- mice, accompanied by a reduction in megakaryocyte (MK)/erythrocyte progenitor cells and an increase in myeloid progenitors in BM compared to WT mice. The K562 cell line exhibits PMA-induced MK differentiation, and shRNA knockdown of I-MFA resulted in reduced differentiation compared to control, with an increase and prolongation in phospho-JNK and phospho-ERK signaling. Overexpression of I-MFA promoted MK differentiation. These results suggest I-MFA plays a cell-intrinsic role in the response to differentiation signals, an effect that can be explored in the context of hematological cancers or other blood proliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Houser
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Maulin Patel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Kyle Wright
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Marta Onopiuk
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Leonidas Tsiokas
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Mary Beth Humphrey
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America; Oklahoma City Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America.
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3
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Zhang H, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Mu G, Xie Q, Zhou S, Wang Z, Cao Y, Tan Y, Wei X, Yuan D, Xiang Q, Cui Y. Circulating miR-320a-3p and miR-483-5p level associated with pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic profiles of rivaroxaban. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:72. [PMID: 36578040 PMCID: PMC9795792 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel biomarkers for personalizing anticoagulation remain undetermined. We aimed to investigate the association of plasma miRNAs with pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) profiles of rivaroxaban. METHODS This is a multicenter, exploratory study of miRNAs in a Chinese population. Healthy volunteers and patients receiving rivaroxaban were enrolled in the study. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0-t h (AUC0-t) and anti-Xa activity at 3 h (AXA3h) were measured in healthy volunteers, and AXA3h was measured in patients. MiRNAs were detected by miRNA microarray in 26 healthy volunteers with 20 mg rivaroxaban, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to exclude undetectable ones. MiR-320a-3p and miR-483-5p were then quantified in 65 healthy volunteers and 71 patients. MiRNA levels at 3 h were compared between high and low AXA3h or AUC0-t subjects and in matched patients with or without bleeding during follow-up. The miRNA targets were predicted by TargetScan, miRTarBase, and miRDB. Validated genes were included in GO enrichment and KEGG analyses. The protein-protein interaction network was established by STRING and visualized by Cytoscape. RESULTS A total of 136 Chinese subjects completed the study. In healthy volunteers taking 15 mg rivaroxaban, the miR-320a level at 3 h was significantly positively correlated with AXA3h and AUC0-t (r = 0.359, p = 0.025; r = 0.370, p = 0.02, respectively). A positive correlation was also observed between miR-483 and AXA3h or AUC0-t (r = 0.372, p = 0.02; r = 0.523, p = 0.001, respectively). MiR-320a and miR-483 levels at 3 h in the higher AUC0-t group were significantly higher than those at 0 h. MiR-483 levels at 3 h may distinguish healthy volunteers with high or low AXA3h or AUC0-t. In the 10 mg fed subgroup, higher 3 h mir-483 levels were also observed compared with the control group. No significant differences were found in the comparisons among patients. Bioinformatic analysis showed that these miRNAs may play a regulatory role by targeting ABCG2, ITGB3, PTEN, MAPK1/3, etc. CONCLUSIONS: MiR-320a and miR-483 levels were found to be associated with PK and PD profiles of rivaroxaban in healthy Chinese subjects. Further studies are required to verify these findings and explore the mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxu Zhang
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034 China ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034 China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034 China
| | - Guangyan Mu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034 China
| | - Qiufen Xie
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034 China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034 China ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034 China
| | - Yu Cao
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Office of Drug Clinical Trial Management, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong China
| | - Yunlong Tan
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Wei
- grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Clinical Trial Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi China
| | - Dongdong Yuan
- grid.417239.aDepartment of Pharmacy, The 7Th People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Qian Xiang
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034 China
| | - Yimin Cui
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034 China ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Chu T, Hu S, Qi J, Li X, Zhang X, Tang Y, Yang M, Xu Y, Ruan CG, Han Y, Wu DP. Bifunctional effect of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α on megakaryopoiesis and platelet production. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:2998-3010. [PMID: 36128771 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Platelets are affected by many factors, such as infectious or aseptic inflammation, and different inflammatory states may induce either thrombocytopenia or thrombocytosis. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is an important inflammatory cytokine that has been shown to affect the activity of hematopoietic stem cells. However, its role in megakaryocyte (MK) development and platelet production remains largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of TNFα on MK and platelet generation. METHODS AND RESULTS The ex vivo study with human CD34+ cells demonstrated that TNFα differentially modulated commitment toward the MK lineage. Specifically, a low concentration of 0.5 ng/ml TNFα promoted MK maturation, proplatelet formation, and platelet production, whereas a high concentration of 10 ng/ml or more TNFα exhibited a substantial inhibitory effect on MK and platelet production. The distinct effect of TNFα on MKs was mainly dependent on TNFα receptor 1. TNFα differentially regulated the MAPK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway and the cytoskeletal proteins cofilin and MLC2. The in vivo study with Balb/c mice indicated that low-dose or high-dose TNFα administration differentially affected short-term platelet recovery after bone marrow transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed distinct roles for TNFα in megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis and may provide new insights regarding the treatment for platelet disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Chu
- National clinical research center for hematologic diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Hu
- National clinical research center for hematologic diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaqian Qi
- National clinical research center for hematologic diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xueqian Li
- National clinical research center for hematologic diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- National clinical research center for hematologic diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaqiong Tang
- National clinical research center for hematologic diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Yang
- National clinical research center for hematologic diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Xu
- National clinical research center for hematologic diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chang-Geng Ruan
- National clinical research center for hematologic diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Han
- National clinical research center for hematologic diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - De-Pei Wu
- National clinical research center for hematologic diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Naturally Occurring Bicoumarin Compound Daphnoretin Inhibits Growth and Induces Megakaryocytic Differentiation in Human Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203252. [PMID: 36291120 PMCID: PMC9600978 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Daphnoretin extracted from the stem and roots of Wikstroemia indica (L.) C.A. Mey has been shown to possess antiviral and antitumor activities. Herein, we hypothesized that daphnoretin might induce megakaryocytic differentiation, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of cells and serving as a differentiation therapy agent for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Daphnoretin-treated K562 and HEL cells were examined for growth inhibition, cell morphology, and megakaryocyte-specific markers. Potential mechanisms of megakaryocytic differentiation of daphnoretin-treated K562 cells were evaluated. The results showed that daphnoretin inhibited the growth of K562 and HEL cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analyses revealed that daphnoretin treatment slightly increased the proportion of sub-G1 and polyploid cells compared to that of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-treated control cells. Morphological examination showed that daphnoretin-treated K562 and HEL cells exhibited enlarged contours and multinucleation as megakaryocytic characteristics compared to DMSO-treated control cells. Daphnoretin treatment also dramatically enhanced the expression of megakaryocytic markers CD61 and CD41. Under optimal megakaryocytic differentiation conditions, daphnoretin increased the phosphorylation of STAT3 but not STAT5. In summary, daphnoretin inhibited cell growth and induced megakaryocytic differentiation in K562 and HEL cells. The efficacy of daphnoretin in vivo and in patients with CML may need further investigations for validation.
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Kao CY, Jiang J, Thompson W, Papoutsakis ET. miR-486-5p and miR-22-3p Enable Megakaryocytic Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells without Thrombopoietin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105355. [PMID: 35628168 PMCID: PMC9141330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes release submicron size microparticles (MkMPs) in circulation. We have shown that MkMPs target CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) to induce megakaryocytic differentiation, and that small RNAs in MkMPs play an important role in the development of this phenotype. Here, using single-molecule real-time (SMRT) RNA sequencing (RNAseq), we identify the synergetic effect of two microRNAs (miRs), miR-486-5p and miR-22-3p (highly enriched in MkMPs), in driving the Mk differentiation of HSPCs in the absence of thrombopoietin (TPO). Separately, our data suggest that the MkMP-induced Mk differentiation of HSPCs is enabled through JNK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. The interaction between the two signaling pathways is likely mediated by a direct target of miR-486-5p and a negative regulator of PI3K/Akt signaling, the phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) protein. Our data provide a possible mechanistic explanation of the biological effect of MkMPs in inducing megakaryocytic differentiation of HSPCs, a phenotype of potential physiological significance in stress megakaryopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yuan Kao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 590 Ave. 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (C.-Y.K.); (J.J.); (W.T.)
| | - Jinlin Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 590 Ave. 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (C.-Y.K.); (J.J.); (W.T.)
| | - Will Thompson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 590 Ave. 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (C.-Y.K.); (J.J.); (W.T.)
| | - Eleftherios T. Papoutsakis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 590 Ave. 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (C.-Y.K.); (J.J.); (W.T.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, 590 Ave. 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-302-831-8376
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7
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Moroi AJ, Newman PJ. Conditional CRISPR-mediated deletion of Lyn kinase enhances differentiation and function of iPSC-derived megakaryocytes. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:182-195. [PMID: 34624170 PMCID: PMC8712352 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombocytopenia leading to life-threatening excessive bleeding can be treated by platelet transfusion. Currently, such treatments are totally dependent on donor-derived platelets. To support future applications in the use of in vitro-derived platelets, we sought to identify genes whose manipulation might improve the efficiency of megakaryocyte production and resulting hemostatic effectiveness. Disruption of Lyn kinase has previously been shown to improve cell survival, megakaryocyte ploidy and TPO-mediated activation in mice, but its role in human megakaryocytes and platelets has not been examined. METHODS To analyze the role of Lyn at defined differentiation stages during human megakaryocyte differentiation, conditional Lyn-deficient cells were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology in iPS cells. The efficiency of Lyn-deficient megakaryocytes to differentiate and become activated in response to a range of platelet agonists was analyzed in iPSC-derived megakaryocytes. RESULTS Temporally controlled deletion of Lyn improved the in vitro differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells into mature megakaryocytes, as measured by the rate and extent of appearance of CD41+ CD42+ cells. Lyn-deficient megakaryocytes also demonstrated improved hemostatic effectiveness, as reported by their ability to mediate clot formation in rotational thromboelastometry. Finally, Lyn-deficient megakaryocytes produced increased numbers of platelet-like particles (PLP) in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Conditional deletion of Lyn kinase increases the hemostatic effectiveness of megakaryocytes and their progeny as well as improving their yield. Adoption of this system during generation of in vitro-derived platelets may contribute to both their efficiency of production and their ability to support hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J. Moroi
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Peter J. Newman
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Cell biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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8
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Schwertz H, Rowley JW, Portier I, Middleton EA, Tolley ND, Campbell RA, Eustes AS, Chen K, Rondina MT. Human platelets display dysregulated sepsis-associated autophagy, induced by altered LC3 protein-protein interaction of the Vici-protein EPG5. Autophagy 2021; 18:1534-1550. [PMID: 34689707 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1990669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets mediate central aspects of host responses during sepsis, an acute profoundly systemic inflammatory response due to infection. Macroautophagy/autophagy, which mediates critical aspects of cellular responses during inflammatory conditions, is known to be a functional cellular process in anucleate platelets, and is essential for normal platelet functions. Nevertheless, how sepsis may alter autophagy in platelets has never been established. Using platelets isolated from septic patients and matched healthy controls, we show that during clinical sepsis, the number of autophagosomes is increased in platelets, most likely due to an accumulation of autophagosomes, some containing mitochondria and indicative of mitophagy. Therefore, autophagy induction or early-stage autophagosome formation (as compared to decreased later-stage autophagosome maturation or autophagosome-late endosome/lysosome fusion) is normal or increased. This was consistent with decreased fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes in platelets. EPG5 (ectopic P-granules autophagy protein 5 homolog), a protein essential for normal autophagy, expression did increase, while protein-protein interactions between EPG5 and MAP1LC3/LC3 (which orchestrate the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes) were significantly reduced in platelets during sepsis. Furthermore, data from a megakaryocyte model demonstrate the importance of TLR4 (toll like receptor 4), LPS-dependent signaling for regulating this mechanism. Similar phenotypes were also observed in platelets isolated from a patient with Vici syndrome: an inherited condition caused by a naturally occurring, loss-of-function mutation in EPG5. Together, we provide evidence that autophagic functions are aberrant in platelets during sepsis, due in part to reduced EPG5-LC3 interactions, regulated by TLR4 engagement, and the resultant accumulation of autophagosomes.Abbreviations: ACTB: beta actin; CLP: cecal ligation and puncture; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; DAP: death associated protein; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; EPG5: ectopic P-granules autophagy protein 5 homolog; ECL: enhanced chemiluminescence; HBSS: Hanks' balanced salt solution; HRP: horseradish peroxidase; ICU: intensive care unit; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MKs: megakaryocytes; PFA: paraformaldehyde; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PLA: proximity ligation assay; pRT-PCR: quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; RT: room temperature; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; TLR4: toll like receptor 4; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; WGA: wheat germ agglutinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansjörg Schwertz
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Work Wellness Clinic, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Division of Occupational Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Occupational Medicine, Billings Clinic Bozeman, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Jesse W Rowley
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Irina Portier
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Middleton
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Neal D Tolley
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robert A Campbell
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alicia S Eustes
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa in Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Karin Chen
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, George E. Wahlen Salt Lake City VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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9
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Shiravand Y, Walter U, Jurk K. Fine-Tuning of Platelet Responses by Serine/Threonine Protein Kinases and Phosphatases-Just the Beginning. Hamostaseologie 2021; 41:206-216. [PMID: 34192779 DOI: 10.1055/a-1476-7873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive proteomic analyses of human and murine platelets established an extraordinary intracellular repertoire of signaling components, which control crucial functions. The spectrum of platelet serine/threonine protein kinases (more than 100) includes the AGC family (protein kinase A, G, C [PKA, PKG, PKC]), the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and others. PKA and PKG have multiple significantly overlapping substrates in human platelets, which possibly affect functions with clear "signaling nodes" of regulation by multiple protein kinases/phosphatases. Signaling nodes are intracellular Ca2+ stores, the contractile system (myosin light chains), and other signaling components such as G-proteins, protein kinases, and protein phosphatases. An example for this fine-tuning is the tyrosine kinase Syk, a crucial component of platelet activation, which is controlled by several serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases as well as phosphatases. Other protein kinases including PKA/PKG modulate protein phosphatase 2A, which may be a master regulator of MAPK signaling in human platelets. Protein kinases and in particular MAPKs are targeted by an increasing number of clinically used inhibitors. However, the precise regulation and fine-tuning of these protein kinases and their effects on other signaling components in platelets are only superficially understood-just the beginning. However, promising future approaches are in sight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavar Shiravand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ulrich Walter
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Jurk
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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10
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Du Y, Zhang H, Guo Y, Song K, Zeng L, Chen Y, Xie Z, Li R. CD38 deficiency up-regulated IL-1β and MCP-1 through TLR4/ERK/NF-κB pathway in sepsis pulmonary injury. Microbes Infect 2021; 23:104845. [PMID: 34098107 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
As a disease with high mortality,many cytokines and signaling pathways are associated with sepsis.The pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are participating in the pathogenesis of sepsis, especially in early stage. Moreover, the releases and expressions of cytokines are regulated by numerous signaling pathways, including TLR4/ERK pathway. But despite many studies have expounded the pathogenesis of sepsis and the regulation of cytokines in sepsis, how CD38 influence the expressions of related molecules in sepsis are still unknown. The aim of this study is illuminating the alteration of cytokines and signaling pathways in CD38-/- mice injected with Escherichia coli.Compared with WT mice, E. coli infection results in more severe pulmonary injuries and higher mRNA expressions of cytokines. Compared with E. coli infected WT mice,CD38 knockout leads to aggravated pulmonary injury, increasedphosphorylated ERK1/2, p38 and NF-κB p65, and enhancedlevels of IL-1β, iNOS and MCP-1.While compared with E. coli infected CD38-/- mice, TLR4 mutation results in alleviated pulmonary injury, down-regulated phosphorylated ERK1/2 and NF-κB p65, and decreased expressions of IL-1β and MCP-1.CD38 deficiency increased the expressions of IL-1β andMCP-1and aggravated pulmonary injury through TLR4/ERK/NF-κB pathway in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Laboratory of Infection & Immunity, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital&People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Huiqing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Laboratory of Infection & Immunity, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital&People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yujie Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Laboratory of Infection & Immunity, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital&People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Kuangyu Song
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lifeng Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Laboratory of Infection & Immunity, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital&People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yiguo Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Laboratory of Infection & Immunity, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital&People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhengyu Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Laboratory of Infection & Immunity, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital&People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Laboratory of Infection & Immunity, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital&People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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11
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Patients with triple-negative, JAK2V617F- and CALR-mutated essential thrombocythemia share a unique gene expression signature. Blood Adv 2021; 5:1059-1068. [PMID: 33599741 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 10% to 15% of patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) lack the common driver mutations, so-called "triple-negative" (TN) disease. We undertook a systematic approach to investigate for somatic mutations and delineate gene expression signatures in 46 TN patients and compared the results to those with known driver mutations and healthy volunteers. Deep, error-corrected, next-generation sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells using the HaloPlexHS platform and whole-exome sequencing was performed. Using this platform, 10 (22%) of 46 patients had detectable mutations (MPL, n = 6; JAK2V617F, n = 4) with 3 of 10 cases harboring germline MPL mutations. RNA-sequencing and DNA methylation analysis were also performed by using peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Pathway analysis comparing healthy volunteers and ET patients (regardless of mutational status) identified significant enrichment for genes in the tumor necrosis factor, NFκB, and MAPK pathways and upregulation of platelet proliferative drivers such as ITGA2B and ITGB3. Correlation with DNA methylation showed a consistent pattern of hypomethylation at upregulated gene promoters. Interrogation of these promoter regions highlighted enrichment of transcriptional regulators, which were significantly upregulated in patients with ET regardless of mutation status, including CEBPβ and NFκB. For "true" TN ET, patterns of gene expression and DNA methylation were similar to those in ET patients with known driver mutations. These observations suggest that the resultant ET phenotype may, at least in part and regardless of mutation type, be driven by transcriptional misregulation and may propagate downstream via the MAPK, tumor necrosis factor, and NFκB pathways with resultant JAK-STAT activation. These findings identify potential novel mechanisms of disease initiation that require further evaluation.
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12
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Pawinwongchai J, Mekchay P, Nilsri N, Israsena N, Rojnuckarin P. Regulation of platelet numbers and sizes by signaling pathways. Platelets 2020; 32:1073-1083. [PMID: 33222582 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1841893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Either the glycoprotein (GP) Ib deficiency or hyper-function in humans can cause macrothrombocytopenia, the molecular mechanisms of which remain unclear. Herein, the investigations for disease pathogenesis were performed in the human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) model. The hiPSCs carrying a gain-of-function GP1BA p.M255V mutation which was described in platelet-type von Willebrand disease (PT-VWD) were generated using CRISPR/Cas9. The GP1BA-null hiPSCs were previously derived from a Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) patient. After full megakaryocyte differentiation in culture, both hiPSC mutations showed large proplatelet tips under fluorescence microscopy and yielded fewer but larger platelets compared with those of wild-type cells. The Capillary Western analyses revealed the lower ERK1/2 activation and higher MLC2 (Myosin light chain 2) phosphorylation in megakaryocytes with mutated GPIb. Adding a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway inhibitor to wild-type hiPSCs recapitulated the phenotypes of GPIb mutations and increased MLC2 phosphorylation. Notably, a ROCK inhibitor which could inhibit MLC2 phosphorylation rescued the macrothrombocytopenia phenotypes of both GPIb alterations and wild-type hiPSCs with a MAPK inhibitor. In conclusion, the genetically modified hiPSCs can be used to model disorders of proplatelet formation. Both loss- and gain-of-function GPIb reduced MAPK/ERK activation but enhanced ROCK/MLC2 phosphorylation resulting in dysregulated platelet generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaturawat Pawinwongchai
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ponthip Mekchay
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nungruthai Nilsri
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Nipan Israsena
- Stem Cell and Cell Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ponlapat Rojnuckarin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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13
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Dengue virus infection impedes megakaryopoiesis in MEG-01 cells where the virus envelope protein interacts with the transcription factor TAL-1. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19587. [PMID: 33177556 PMCID: PMC7658202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection causes dengue fever in humans, which can lead to thrombocytopenia showing a marked reduction in platelet counts, and dengue hemorrhagic fever. The virus may cause thrombocytopenia either by destroying the platelets or by interfering with their generation via the process of megakaryopoiesis. MEG-01 is the human megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line that can be differentiated in vitro by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) treatment to produce platelet-like-particles (PLPs). We have studied DENV infection of MEG-01 cells to understand its effect on megakaryopoiesis and the generation of PLPs. We observed that DENV could infect only naive MEG-01 cells, and differentiated cells were refractory to virus infection/replication. However, DENV-infected MEG-01 cells, when induced for differentiation with PMA, supported an enhanced viral replication. Following the virus infection, the MEG-01 cells showed a marked reduction in the surface expression of platelet markers (CD41, CD42a, and CD61), a decreased polyploidy, and significantly reduced PLP counts. DENV infection caused an enhanced Notch signaling in MEG-01 cells where the virus envelope protein was shown to interact with TAL-1, a host protein important for megakaryopoiesis. These observations provide new insight into the role of DENV in modulating the megakaryopoiesis and platelet production process.
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14
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Dai F, Luo F, Zhou R, Zhou Q, Xu J, Zhang Z, Xiao J, Song L. Calponin 3 is associated with poor prognosis and regulates proliferation and metastasis in osteosarcoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:14037-14049. [PMID: 32667904 PMCID: PMC7425500 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a malignant, life-threatening tumor that affects children and adolescents. In this study, we identified high levels of calponin 3 (CNN3) protein in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that CNN3 has diagnostic value for patients with osteosarcoma. We also found that high CNN3 expression was associated with tumor size, tumor stage, and lymph node and distant metastases. Moreover, high levels of CNN3 mRNA were associated with a poor overall survival rate and a shorter disease-free survival period. CNN3 silencing inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G1 stage, and inhibited cell migration and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, CNN3 silencing also inhibited subcutaneous tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo. Western blotting revealed that silencing of CNN3 resulted in downregulated expression of MMP9, VEGF, and vimentin, and upregulation of E-cadherin. CNN3 silencing also resulted in downregulation of the ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways. In conclusion, high CNN3 expression was found to help in the diagnosis of osteosarcoma, and was found to be associated with poor prognosis in patients. Therefore, CNN3 may play an oncogenic role during the progression of osteosarcoma by activating the ERK1/2 and p38 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Third Affliated Hospital, Medical University of Chongqing, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zehua Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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15
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Low iron promotes megakaryocytic commitment of megakaryocytic-erythroid progenitors in humans and mice. Blood 2020; 134:1547-1557. [PMID: 31439541 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019002039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying thrombocytosis in patients with iron deficiency anemia remain unknown. Here, we present findings that support the hypothesis that low iron biases the commitment of megakaryocytic (Mk)-erythroid progenitors (MEPs) toward the Mk lineage in both human and mouse. In MEPs of transmembrane serine protease 6 knockout (Tmprss6-/-) mice, which exhibit iron deficiency anemia and thrombocytosis, we observed a Mk bias, decreased labile iron, and decreased proliferation relative to wild-type (WT) MEPs. Bone marrow transplantation assays suggest that systemic iron deficiency, rather than a local role for Tmprss6-/- in hematopoietic cells, contributes to the MEP lineage commitment bias observed in Tmprss6-/- mice. Nontransgenic mice with acquired iron deficiency anemia also show thrombocytosis and Mk-biased MEPs. Gene expression analysis reveals that messenger RNAs encoding genes involved in metabolic, vascular endothelial growth factor, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways are enriched in Tmprss6-/- vs WT MEPs. Corroborating our findings from the murine models of iron deficiency anemia, primary human MEPs exhibit decreased proliferation and Mk-biased commitment after knockdown of transferrin receptor 2, a putative iron sensor. Signal transduction analyses reveal that both human and murine MEP have lower levels of phospho-ERK1/2 in iron-deficient conditions compared with controls. These data are consistent with a model in which low iron in the marrow environment affects MEP metabolism, attenuates ERK signaling, slows proliferation, and biases MEPs toward Mk lineage commitment.
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16
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Bussel J, Kulasekararaj A, Cooper N, Verma A, Steidl U, Semple JW, Will B. Mechanisms and therapeutic prospects of thrombopoietin receptor agonists. Semin Hematol 2019; 56:262-278. [PMID: 31836033 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The second-generation thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonists eltrombopag and romiplostim are potent activators of megakaryopoiesis and represent a growing treatment option for patients with thrombocytopenic hematological disorders. Both TPO receptor agonists have been approved worldwide for the treatment of children and adults with chronic immune thrombocytopenia. In the EU and USA, eltrombopag is approved for the treatment of patients with severe aplastic anemia who have had an insufficient response to immunosuppressive therapy and in the USA for the first-line treatment of severe aplastic anemia in combination with immunosuppressive therapy. Eltrombopag has also shown efficacy in several other disease settings, for example, chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, selected inherited thrombocytopenias, and myelodysplastic syndromes. While both TPO receptor agonists stimulate TPO receptor signaling and enhance megakaryopoiesis, their vastly different biochemical structures bestow upon them markedly different molecular and functional properties. Here, we review and discuss results from preclinical and clinical studies on the functional and molecular mechanisms of action of this new class of drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Bussel
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY.
| | | | | | - Amit Verma
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - John W Semple
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Britta Will
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY.
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17
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Hepatospecific ablation of p38α MAPK governs liver regeneration through modulation of inflammatory response to CCl 4-induced acute injury. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14614. [PMID: 31601995 PMCID: PMC6787013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian p38α MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) transduces a variety of extracellular signals that regulate cellular processes, such as inflammation, differentiation, proliferation or apoptosis. In the liver, depending of the physiopathological context, p38α acts as a negative regulator of hepatocyte proliferation as well as a promotor of inflammatory processes. However, its function during an acute injury, in adult liver, remains uncharacterized. In this study, using mice that are deficient in p38α specifically in mature hepatocytes, we unexpectedly found that lack of p38α protected against acute injury induced by CCl4 compound. We demonstrated that the hepatoprotective effect alleviated ROS accumulation and shaped the inflammatory response to promote efficient tissue repair. Mechanistically, we provided strong evidence that Ccl2/Ccl5 chemokines were crucial for a proper hepatoprotective response observed secondary to p38α ablation. Indeed, antibody blockade of Ccl2/Ccl5 was sufficient to abrogate hepatoprotection through a concomitant decrease of both inflammatory cells recruitment and antioxidative response that result ultimately in higher liver damages. Our findings suggest that targeting p38α expression and consequently orientating immune response may represent an attractive approach to favor tissue recovery after acute liver injury.
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18
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Hashimoto R, Miyamoto Y, Itoh S, Daida H, Okada T, Katoh Y. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) suppresses high Ca 2+-enhanced adipogenesis in bone marrow stromal cells. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:741-748. [PMID: 31256364 PMCID: PMC10717529 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00690-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that increased extracellular and intracellular Ca2+ lead to adipocyte accumulation in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). However, strategies to suppress high Ca2+-enhanced adipocyte accumulation have not been reported. We examined the effects of the diacylglycerol analog phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on proliferation and adipogenesis of mouse primary BMSCs. We used 9 mM CaCl2 and 100 nM ionomycin to increase extracellular Ca2+ and intracellular Ca2+, respectively. PMA suppressed the expression of both C/EBPα and PPARγ under normal adipogenesis, adipogenesis + CaCl2, and adipogenesis + ionomycin conditions. PMA enhanced proliferation under normal adipogenesis conditions but suppressed proliferation under adipogenesis + CaCl2 and adipogenesis + ionomycin conditions. PMA did not affect the accumulation of adipocytes under normal adipogenesis conditions but suppressed adipocyte accumulation under adipogenesis + CaCl2 and adipogenesis + ionomycin conditions. These results suggest that the PMA-dependent pathway is an important signaling pathway to suppress high Ca2+-enhanced adipocyte accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Yuki Miyamoto
- Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Seigo Itoh
- Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takao Okada
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Youichi Katoh
- Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
- Juntendo University Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8421, Japan.
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19
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Hsia CW, Lin KC, Lee TY, Hsia CH, Chou DS, Jayakumar T, Velusamy M, Chang CC, Sheu JR. Esculetin, a Coumarin Derivative, Prevents Thrombosis: Inhibitory Signaling on PLCγ2-PKC-AKT Activation in Human Platelets. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112731. [PMID: 31163690 PMCID: PMC6600380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Esculetin, a bioactive 6,7-dihydroxy derivative of coumarin, possesses pharmacological activities against obesity, diabetes, renal failure, and cardiovascular disorders (CVDs). Platelet activation plays a major role in CVDs. Thus, disrupting platelet activation represents an attractive therapeutic target. We examined the effect of esculetin in human platelet activation and experimental mouse models. At 10–80 μM, esculetin inhibited collagen- and arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation in washed human platelets. However, it had no effects on other agonists such as thrombin and U46619. Esculetin inhibited adenosine triphosphate release, P-selectin expression, hydroxyl radical (OH·) formation, Akt activation, and phospholipase C (PLC)γ2/protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation, but did not diminish mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in collagen-activated human platelets. Platelet function analysis indicated that esculetin substantially prolonged the closure time of whole blood. In experimental mice, esculetin significantly increased the occlusion time in thrombotic platelet plug formation and reduced mortality associated with acute pulmonary thromboembolism. However, it did not prolong the bleeding time. This study demonstrates that esculetin inhibits human platelet activation via hindering the PLCγ2–PKC cascade, hydroxyl radical formation, Akt activation, and ultimately suppressing platelet activation. Therefore, esculetin may act as an essential therapeutic agent for preventing thromboembolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Hsia
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Kao-Chang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Yin Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hsuan Hsia
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Central Laboratory, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan.
| | - Duen-Suey Chou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Thanasekaran Jayakumar
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Marappan Velusamy
- Department of Chemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India.
| | - Chao-Chien Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
| | - Joen-Rong Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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20
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Sini decoction ameliorates sepsis-induced acute lung injury via regulating ACE2-Ang (1-7)-Mas axis and inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108971. [PMID: 31102910 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, is characterized by the extensive release of cytokines and other mediators. Sini decoction (SND), a traditional Chinese prescription medicine, has been used clinically for the treatment of sepsis. But its explicit mechanism of action is still unclear. The present study aims to evaluate the potential protective effects of SND on sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). After SND intervention, the lung tissues of each experimental group were collected. H&E sections were used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue, and alveolar lavage fluid was collected to detect the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Level of inflammatory factors in lung tissue were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The change of Renin angiotensin system (RAS), as well as downstream MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways were measured by Western blot. For in vitro experiments, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pretreated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and treated with SND. Subsequently, the expression levels of RAS and MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways were measured by Western blot. In vivo, we found that SND significantly attenuated sepsis-induced pathological injury in the lung. SND also inhibited LPS-mediated inflammatory cell infiltration, the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and the production of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and MCP-1. In vitro, experiments using a co-culture of HUVECs with SND showed that there was a decrease in pro-apoptotic protein and pro-inflammatory mediator. In this research, we also found that SND protective action could be attributed to the regulation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS). MAPKs and NF-κB pathways. To conclude, our study demonstrated that SND ameliorates sepsis-induced-ALI via regulating ACE2-Ang (1-7)-Mas axis and inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway.
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21
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Gopala Krishnan GK, Sethumadhavan A, Vellaichamy P, Mani M. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway in human megakaryocytes. Microbiol Immunol 2019; 63:229-237. [PMID: 31041998 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of nosocomial infections and contributes to higher mortality in hospitalized individuals. Infection by P. aeruginosa triggers host immune response through activation of pathogen recognition receptors, which are present in innate cells. Several studies have reported the mechanism of P. aeruginosa induced innate immunity in multiple cell types. But so far there is no reports on response of megakaryocytes to P. aeruginosa infection. Hence, our aim was to investigate the precise role and signaling mechanism of megakaryocytes during P. aeruginosa infection. In this study, we used Mo7e cells as representatives of human megakaryocyte and found that P. aeruginosa infection induces cytotoxicity in these cells. We further demonstrated that P. aeruginosa infection modulates p38 and extracellular signal regulated kinase pathways in Mo7e cells. Protein expression profiling in P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide-treated Mo7e cells revealed upregulation of importin subunit β and downregulation of metabolic enzymes. Our results suggest that P. aeruginosa infection regulates mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway and importin in Mo7e cells and that this is a potential mechanism for nuclear translocation of nuclear factor binding near the κ light-chain gene in B cells and c-Jun N-terminal kinases to induce cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Krishnan Gopala Krishnan
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Aiswarya Sethumadhavan
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Pavithra Vellaichamy
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Maheswaran Mani
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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22
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Wang X, Sundquist K, Svensson PJ, Rastkhani H, Palmér K, Memon AA, Sundquist J, Zöller B. Association of recurrent venous thromboembolism and circulating microRNAs. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:28. [PMID: 30760335 PMCID: PMC6374897 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with unprovoked first venous thromboembolism (VTE) are at a high risk of recurrence. Although circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to be associated with VTE and are markers of hypercoagulability, this study is the first to examine whether circulating miRNAs are associated with the risk of VTE recurrence. RESULTS A nested case-control study design was used where plasma samples were obtained from 78 patients with unprovoked VTE from the Malmö Thrombophilia Study (MATS). A total of 39 VTE patients with recurrent VTE (cases) were matched with 39 VTE patients without recurrent VTE (controls) defined by age and sex (MATS population). Plasma levels of 179 different miRNAs were evaluated in the 78 samples (after anticoagulant treatment was stopped) using qPCR. A total of 110 miRNAs were detected in all samples. Among those, 12 miRNAs (miR-15b-5p, miR-106a-5p, miR-197-3p, miR-652-3p, miR-361-5p, miR-222-3p, miR-26b-5p, miR-532-5p, miR-27b-3p, miR-21-5p, miR-103a-3p, and miR-30c-5p) were found to be associated with recurrent VTE after multiple correction test and conditional logistic regression analysis. A further analysis showed that miR-15b-5p, miR-197-3p, miR-27b-3p, and miR-30c-5p exhibited a trend over time, with a larger difference in miRNA levels between cases and controls for earlier recurrence. Of these 12 miRNAs, 8 miRNAs significantly correlated with circulating transforming growth factor β1/2 (TGFβ1/2). Three of them correlated with platelet count. CONCLUSION We have identified 12 plasma miRNAs that may have the potential to serve as novel, non-invasive predictive biomarkers for VTE recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Wallenberglaboratoriet, Lund University/Region Skåne, Inga-Marie Nilssons gata 53, plan 6, Box 50332, 202 13, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Wallenberglaboratoriet, Lund University/Region Skåne, Inga-Marie Nilssons gata 53, plan 6, Box 50332, 202 13, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.,Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Peter J Svensson
- Department of Coagulation Disorders, Lund University, Malmö, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hamideh Rastkhani
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Wallenberglaboratoriet, Lund University/Region Skåne, Inga-Marie Nilssons gata 53, plan 6, Box 50332, 202 13, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karolina Palmér
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Wallenberglaboratoriet, Lund University/Region Skåne, Inga-Marie Nilssons gata 53, plan 6, Box 50332, 202 13, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ashfaque A Memon
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Wallenberglaboratoriet, Lund University/Region Skåne, Inga-Marie Nilssons gata 53, plan 6, Box 50332, 202 13, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Wallenberglaboratoriet, Lund University/Region Skåne, Inga-Marie Nilssons gata 53, plan 6, Box 50332, 202 13, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.,Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Bengt Zöller
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Wallenberglaboratoriet, Lund University/Region Skåne, Inga-Marie Nilssons gata 53, plan 6, Box 50332, 202 13, Malmö, Sweden
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23
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Martin LJ, Roumaud P. Modulation of the transcriptomic profile of the R2C tumor Leydig cell line by the adipose tissue derived hormone leptin. Reprod Biol 2018; 18:440-449. [PMID: 30174195 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is an important adipose derived hormone being secreted by adipocytes and involved in appetite regulation. Disruption of normal plasma levels of leptin has been associated with the pathogenesis of obesity. It is now well established that obesity is associated to an increased risk of cancer development, including testicular cancers. Recently, we have shown that high levels of leptin have inhibitory effects on cAMP-dependent steroidogenic genes expression in MA-10 Leydig cells. Hence, we examined if leptin could alter the transcriptome of the constitutively steroidogenic rat tumor Leydig cell line R2C. These cells were treated with high levels of leptin (1000 ng/ml) for 4 h, followed by mRNA extraction and RNA-Seq analysis. Interestingly, leptin had no effect on steroidogenic gene expression or pathways promoting tumorigenesis of this cell line. Genes being upregulated or downregulated by leptin were enriched in biological processes that were non-relevant to Leydig cell function. Surprisingly, lepr isoforms were weakly expressed in R2C cells and may explain in part the low levels of leptin's response for tumor Leydig cells. Hence, the current findings suggest that acute treatments of tumor Leydig cells with high levels of leptin have negligible effects on transcriptomics and rather supports that leptin would have a central effect on the hypothalamus to influence testicular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc J Martin
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New-Brunswick, E1A 3E9 Canada.
| | - Pauline Roumaud
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New-Brunswick, E1A 3E9 Canada
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24
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Functional redundancy between RAP1 isoforms in murine platelet production and function. Blood 2018; 132:1951-1962. [PMID: 30131434 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-03-838714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
RAP GTPases, important regulators of cellular adhesion, are abundant signaling molecules in the platelet/megakaryocytic lineage. However, mice lacking the predominant isoform, RAP1B, display a partial platelet integrin activation defect and have a normal platelet count, suggesting the existence of a RAP1-independent pathway to integrin activation in platelets and a negligible role for RAP GTPases in megakaryocyte biology. To determine the importance of individual RAP isoforms on platelet production and on platelet activation at sites of mechanical injury or vascular leakage, we generated mice with megakaryocyte-specific deletion (mKO) of Rap1a and/or Rap1b Interestingly, Rap1a/b-mKO mice displayed a marked macrothrombocytopenia due to impaired proplatelet formation by megakaryocytes. In platelets, RAP isoforms had redundant and isoform-specific functions. Deletion of RAP1B, but not RAP1A, significantly reduced α-granule secretion and activation of the cytoskeleton regulator RAC1. Both isoforms significantly contributed to thromboxane A2 generation and the inside-out activation of platelet integrins. Combined deficiency of RAP1A and RAP1B markedly impaired platelet aggregation, spreading, and clot retraction. Consistently, thrombus formation in physiological flow conditions was abolished in Rap1a/b-mKO, but not Rap1a-mKO or Rap1b-mKO, platelets. Rap1a/b-mKO mice were strongly protected from experimental thrombosis and exhibited a severe defect in hemostasis after mechanical injury. Surprisingly, Rap1a/b-mKO platelets were indistinguishable from controls in their ability to prevent blood-lymphatic mixing during development and hemorrhage at sites of inflammation. In summary, our studies demonstrate an essential role for RAP1 signaling in platelet integrin activation and a critical role in platelet production. Although important for hemostatic/thrombotic plug formation, platelet RAP1 signaling is dispensable for vascular integrity during development and inflammation.
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25
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Meng L, Huang Z. In silico-in vitro discovery of untargeted kinase-inhibitor interactions from kinase-targeted therapies: A case study on the cancer MAPK signaling pathway. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 75:196-204. [PMID: 29803964 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase inhibitors have been widely used as therapeutic agents to treat a variety of diseases, but many of them may cause off-target effects by unexpectedly targeting other noncognate kinases due to high conversion across the protein kinase family. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway plays an essential role in tumorigenesis, which has been recognized as a high priority in the druggable target candidates of anticancer therapy. Here, we attempt to investigate the untargeted kinase-inhibitor interactions (UKIIs) of kinase-targeted therapies for the cancer MAPK signaling cascade via an integration of biomolecular modeling, cell viability assay and kinase inhibition analysis. A systematic kinase-inhibitor interaction profile is created for 28 FDA-approved kinase inhibitor drugs across 9 caner-related MAPK kinases. The created profile is analyzed at structural, energetic and dynamic levels and, consequently, totally 18 promising UKII pairs with high theoretical affinity are derived, from which the noncognate inhibitors Cabozantinib, Regorafenib and Crizotinib are selected to test their cytotoxic effects on human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cell line and inhibition activity against the recombinant protein of human p38α kinase domain. The obtained results are compared with two cognate MAPK inhibitors JNK-IN-8 and BIRB796. As might be expected, the Regorafenib, Crizotinib and Cabozantinib exhibit high, moderate and low cytotoxicities, respectively. In addition, the Regorafenib is determined to have a potent p38α-inhibitory activity. This is basically in line with the test results of positive controls JNK-IN-8 and BIRB796 and can be well confirmed by computational modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Meng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224008, China
| | - Zhijun Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Yancheng First People's Hospital, Yancheng 224005, China.
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26
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Ding S, Wang M, Fang S, Xu H, Fan H, Tian Y, Zhai Y, Lu S, Qi X, Wei F, Sun G, Sun X. D-dencichine Regulates Thrombopoiesis by Promoting Megakaryocyte Adhesion, Migration and Proplatelet Formation. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:297. [PMID: 29666579 PMCID: PMC5891617 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Life-threatening chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia can increase the risk of bleeding due to a dramatic low platelet count, which may limit or delay treatment schedules in cancer patients. The pressing need for the rapid alleviation of the symptoms of thrombocytopenia has prompted us to search for novel highly effective and safe thrombopoietic agents. Pharmacological investigations have indicated that dencichine can prevent and treat blood loss and increase the number of platelets. On the basis of the neurotoxicity of dencichine, D-dencichine is artificially synthesized in the laboratory. Our initial results showed that D-dencichine had potential to elevate peripheral platelet levels in mice with carboplatin-induced thrombocytopenia. However, the mechanisms of D-dencichine on thrombopoiesis have been poorly understood. In this study, we found that sequential administration of D-dencichine had a distinct ability to elevate numbers of reticulated platelets, and did not alter their clearance. Moreover, we demonstrated that D-dencichine was able to modulate the return of hematopoietic factors to normal levels, including thrombopoietin and IL-6. However, subsequent analysis revealed that D-dencichine treatment had no direct effects on megakaryocytes proliferation, differentiation, and polyploidization. Further in vitro studies, we demonstrated for the first time that D-dencichine significantly stimulated megakaryocyte adhesion, migration, and proplatelet formation in a dose-dependent manner through extracellular regulated protein kinases1/2 (ERK1/2) and v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT) signaling pathways. This study sufficiently characterized the role of the effects of D-dencichine treatment on the regulation of thrombopoiesis and provided a promising avenue for CIT treating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilan Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Song Fang
- Kunming Shenghuo Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Huibo Xu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences of Jilin Province, Jilin, China
| | - Huiting Fan
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yadong Zhai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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27
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Chen S, Hu M, Shen M, Xu Y, Wang C, Wang X, Li F, Zeng D, Chen F, Zhao G, Chen M, Wang F, Cheng T, Su Y, Zhao J, Wang S, Wang J. Dopamine induces platelet production from megakaryocytes via oxidative stress-mediated signaling pathways. Platelets 2017; 29:702-708. [PMID: 29119850 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1356451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA), a catecholamine neurotransmitter, is known to for its diverse roles on hematopoiesis, yet its function in thrombopoiesis remains poorly understood. This study shows that DA stimulation can directly induce platelet production from megakaryocytes (MKs) in the final stages of thrombopoiesis via a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent pathway. The mechanism was suggested by the results that DA treatment could significantly elevate the ROS levels in MKs, and time-dependently activate oxidative stress-mediated signaling, including p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, and caspase-3 signaling pathways, while the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and L-glutathione could effectively inhibit the activation of these signaling pathways, as well as the ROS increase and platelet production triggered by DA. Therefore, our data revealed that the direct role and mechanism of DA in thrombopoiesis, which provides new insights into the function recognition of DA in hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Mengjia Hu
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Mingqiang Shen
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Yang Xu
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Cheng Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xinmiao Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Fengju Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Dongfeng Zeng
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China.,c Department of Hematology, Daping Hospital , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Fang Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Gaomei Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Mo Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Tianmin Cheng
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Yongping Su
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Jinghong Zhao
- b Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Song Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Junping Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
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28
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Butcher L, Ahluwalia M, Örd T, Johnston J, Morris RH, Kiss-Toth E, Örd T, Erusalimsky JD. Evidence for a role of TRIB3 in the regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6684. [PMID: 28751721 PMCID: PMC5532315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07096-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytopoiesis is a complex differentiation process driven by the hormone thrombopoietin by which haematopoietic progenitor cells give rise to megakaryocytes, the giant bone marrow cells that in turn break down to form blood platelets. The Tribbles Pseudokinase 3 gene (TRIB3) encodes a pleiotropic protein increasingly implicated in the regulation of cellular differentiation programmes. Previous studies have hinted that TRIB3 could be also involved in megakaryocytopoiesis but its role in this process has so far not been investigated. Using cellular model systems of haematopoietic lineage differentiation here we demonstrate that TRIB3 is a negative modulator of megakaryocytopoiesis. We found that in primary cultures derived from human haematopoietic progenitor cells, thrombopoietin-induced megakaryocytic differentiation led to a time and dose-dependent decrease in TRIB3 mRNA levels. In the haematopoietic cell line UT7/mpl, silencing of TRIB3 increased basal and thrombopoietin-stimulated megakaryocyte antigen expression, as well as basal levels of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In primary haematopoietic cell cultures, silencing of TRIB3 facilitated megakaryocyte differentiation. In contrast, over-expression of TRIB3 in these cells inhibited the differentiation process. The in-vitro identification of TRIB3 as a negative regulator of megakaryocytopoiesis suggests that in-vivo this gene could be important for the regulation of platelet production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Butcher
- School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Tiit Örd
- Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jessica Johnston
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Roger H Morris
- School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Endre Kiss-Toth
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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29
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Landry DA, Sormany F, Haché J, Roumaud P, Martin LJ. Steroidogenic genes expressions are repressed by high levels of leptin and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in MA-10 Leydig cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 433:79-95. [PMID: 28343310 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The adipose tissue is an important endocrine organ secreting numerous peptide hormones, including leptin. Increased circulating levels of leptin, as a result of hormonal resistance in obese individuals, may contribute to lower androgen production in obese males. However, the molecular mechanisms involved need to be better defined. Androgens are mainly produced by Leydig cells within the testis. In male rodents, activation of the leptin receptor modulates a cascade of intracellular signal transduction pathways which may lead to regulation of transcription factors having influences on steroidogenesis in Leydig cells. Thus, as a result of high leptin levels interacting with its receptor and modulating the activity of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, the activity of transcription factors important for steroidogenic genes expressions may be inhibited in Leydig cells. Here we show that Lepr is increasingly expressed within Leydig cells according to postnatal development. Although high levels of leptin (corresponding to obesity condition) alone had no effect on Leydig cells' steroidogenic genes expression, it downregulated cAMP-dependent activations of the cholesterol transporter Star and of the rate-limiting steroidogenic enzyme Cyp11a1. Our results suggest that STAT transcriptional activity is downregulated by high levels of leptin, leading to reduced cAMP-dependent steroidogenic genes (Star and Cyp11a1) expressions in MA-10 Leydig cells. However, other transcription factors such as members of the SMAD and NFAT families may be involved and need further investigation to better define how leptin regulates their activities and their relevance for Leydig cells function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Landry
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, 18, avenue Antonine Maillet, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - François Sormany
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, 18, avenue Antonine Maillet, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Josée Haché
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, 18, avenue Antonine Maillet, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Pauline Roumaud
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, 18, avenue Antonine Maillet, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Luc J Martin
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, 18, avenue Antonine Maillet, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada.
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30
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Han SH, Kim J, Her Y, Seong I, Park S, Bhattarai D, Jin G, Lee K, Chung G, Hwang S, Bae YS, Kim J. Phytosphingosine promotes megakaryocytic differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells. BMB Rep 2016; 48:691-5. [PMID: 26077028 PMCID: PMC4791325 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2015.48.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report that phytosphingosine, a sphingolipid found in many organisms and implicated in cellular signaling, promotes megakaryocytic differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells. Specifically, phytosphingosine induced several hallmark changes associated with megakaryopoiesis from K562 and HEL cells including cell cycle arrest, cell size increase and polyploidization. We also confirmed that cell type specific markers of megakaryocytes, CD41a and CD42b are induced by phytosphingosine. Phospholipids with highly similar structures were unable to induce similar changes, indicating that the activity of phytosphingosine is highly specific. Although phytosphingosine is known to activate p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated apoptosis, the signaling mechanisms involved in megakaryopoiesis appear to be distinct. In sum, we present another model for dissecting molecular details of megakaryocytic differentiation which in large part remains obscure. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(12): 691-695]
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hee Han
- Departments of 1Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Jusong Kim
- Departments of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yerim Her
- Departments of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Ikjoo Seong
- Departments of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Sera Park
- Bio-informatics Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Deepak Bhattarai
- BK21 Plus R-FIND Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea
| | - Guanghai Jin
- BK21 Plus R-FIND Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea
| | - Kyeong Lee
- BK21 Plus R-FIND Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea
| | | | | | - Yun Soo Bae
- Departments of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Jaesang Kim
- Departments of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Di Buduo CA, Currao M, Pecci A, Kaplan DL, Balduini CL, Balduini A. Revealing eltrombopag's promotion of human megakaryopoiesis through AKT/ERK-dependent pathway activation. Haematologica 2016; 101:1479-1488. [PMID: 27515246 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.146746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eltrombopag is a small, non-peptide thrombopoietin mimetic that has been approved for increasing platelet count not only in immune thrombocytopenia and Hepatitis C virus-related thrombocytopenia, but also in aplastic anemia. Moreover, this drug is under investigation for increasing platelet counts in myelodysplastic syndromes. Despite current clinical practice, the mechanisms governing eltrombopag's impact on human hematopoiesis are largely unknown, in part due to the impossibility of using traditional in vivo models. To investigate eltrombopag's impact on megakaryocyte functions, we employed our established in vitro model for studying hematopoietic stem cell differentiation combined with our latest 3-dimensional silk-based bone marrow tissue model. Results demonstrated that eltrombopag favors human megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet production in a dose-dependent manner. These effects are accompanied by increased phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2 signaling molecules, which have been proven to be crucial in regulating physiologic thrombopoiesis. These data further clarify the different mechanisms of action of eltrombopag when compared to romiplostim, which, as we have shown, induces the proliferation of immature megakaryocytes rather than platelet production, due to the unbalanced activation of AKT and ERK1/2 signaling molecules. In conclusion, our research clarifies the underlying mechanisms that govern the action of eltrombopag on megakaryocyte functions and its relevance in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Di Buduo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy.,Biotechnology Research Laboratories, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Manuela Currao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy.,Biotechnology Research Laboratories, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pecci
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia, Italy
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Carlo L Balduini
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Balduini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy .,Biotechnology Research Laboratories, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
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Luff SA, Papoutsakis ET. Megakaryocytic Maturation in Response to Shear Flow Is Mediated by the Activator Protein 1 (AP-1) Transcription Factor via Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Mechanotransduction. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:7831-43. [PMID: 26814129 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.707174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) are exposed to shear flow as they migrate from the bone marrow hematopoietic compartment into circulation to release pro/preplatelets into circulating blood. Shear forces promote DNA synthesis, polyploidization, and maturation in MKs, and platelet biogenesis. To investigate mechanisms underlying these MK responses to shear, we carried out transcriptional analysis on immature and mature stem cell-derived MKs exposed to physiological shear. In immature (day (d)9) MKs, shear exposure up-regulated genes related to growth and MK maturation, whereas in mature (d12) MKs, it up-regulated genes involved in apoptosis and intracellular transport. Following shear-flow exposure, six activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcripts (ATF4,JUNB,JUN,FOSB,FOS, andJUND) were up-regulated at d9 and two AP-1 proteins (JunD and c-Fos) were up-regulated both at d9 and d12. We show that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is linked to both the shear stress response and AP-1 up-regulation. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation increased significantly following shear stimulation, whereas JNK inhibition reduced shear-induced JunD expression. Although p38 phosphorylation did not increase following shear flow, its inhibition reduced shear-induced JunD and c-Fos expression. JNK inhibition reduced fibrinogen binding and P-selectin expression of d12 platelet-like particles (PLPs), whereas p38 inhibition reduced fibrinogen binding of d12 PLPs. AP-1 expression correlated with increased MK DNA synthesis and polyploidization, which might explain the observed impact of shear on MKs. To summarize, we show that MK exposure to shear forces results in JNK activation, AP-1 up-regulation, and downstream transcriptional changes that promote maturation of immature MKs and platelet biogenesis in mature MKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Luff
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, and
| | - Eleftherios T Papoutsakis
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711
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Tajima M, Kato Y, Matsumoto J, Hirosawa I, Suzuki M, Takashio Y, Yamamoto M, Nishi Y, Yamada H. Linezolid-Induced Thrombocytopenia Is Caused by Suppression of Platelet Production via Phosphorylation of Myosin Light Chain 2. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:1846-1851. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Tajima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare
| | - Yoshinori Kato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare
| | - Jun Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare
| | - Iori Hirosawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare
| | - Mariko Suzuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare
| | - Yuki Takashio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare
| | - Mao Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare
| | - Yoshifumi Nishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare
| | - Harumi Yamada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare
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Periodic mechanical stress activates EGFR-dependent Rac1 mitogenic signals in rat nucleus pulpous cells via ERK1/2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 469:723-30. [PMID: 26707876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The mitogenic effects of periodic mechanical stress on nucleus pulpous cells have been studied extensively but the mechanisms whereby nucleus pulpous cells sense and respond to mechanical stimulation remain a matter of debate. We explored this question by performing cell culture experiments in our self-developed periodic stress field and perfusion culture system. Under periodic mechanical stress, rat nucleus pulpous cell proliferation was significantly increased (p < 0.05 for each) and was associated with increases in the phosphorylation and activation of EGFR, Rac1, and ERK1/2 (p < 0.05 for each). Pretreatment with the ERK1/2 selective inhibitor PD98059 reduced periodic mechanical stress-induced nucleus pulpous cell proliferation (p < 0.05 for each), while the activation levels of EGFR and Rac1 were not inhibited. Proliferation and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 were inhibited after pretreatment with the Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 in nucleus pulpous cells in response to periodic mechanical stress (p < 0.05 for each), while the phosphorylation site of EGFR was not affected. Inhibition of EGFR activity with AG1478 abrogated nucleus pulpous cell proliferation (p < 0.05 for each) and attenuated Rac1 and ERK1/2 activation in nucleus pulpous cells subjected to periodic mechanical stress (p < 0.05 for each). These findings suggest that periodic mechanical stress promotes nucleus pulpous cell proliferation in part through the EGFR-Rac1-ERK1/2 signaling pathway, which links these three important signaling molecules into a mitogenic cascade.
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Cameron SJ, Ture SK, Mickelsen D, Chakrabarti E, Modjeski KL, McNitt S, Seaberry M, Field DJ, Le NT, Abe JI, Morrell CN. Platelet Extracellular Regulated Protein Kinase 5 Is a Redox Switch and Triggers Maladaptive Platelet Responses and Myocardial Infarct Expansion. Circulation 2015; 132:47-58. [PMID: 25934838 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.015656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets have a pathophysiologic role in the ischemic microvascular environment of acute coronary syndromes. In comparison with platelet activation in normal healthy conditions, less attention is given to mechanisms of platelet activation in diseased states. Platelet function and mechanisms of activation in ischemic and reactive oxygen species-rich environments may not be the same as in normal healthy conditions. Extracellular regulated protein kinase 5 (ERK5) is a mitogen-activated protein kinase family member activated in hypoxic, reactive oxygen species-rich environments and in response to receptor-signaling mechanisms. Prior studies suggest a protective effect of ERK5 in endothelial and myocardial cells after ischemia. We present evidence that platelets express ERK5 and that platelet ERK5 has an adverse effect on platelet activation via selective receptor-dependent and receptor-independent reactive oxygen species-mediated mechanisms in ischemic myocardium. METHODS AND RESULTS Using isolated human platelets and a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI), we found that platelet ERK5 is activated post-MI and that platelet-specific ERK5(-/-) mice have less platelet activation, reduced MI size, and improved post-MI heart function. Furthermore, the expression of downstream ERK5-regulated proteins is reduced in ERK5(-/-) platelets post-MI. CONCLUSIONS ERK5 functions as a platelet activator in ischemic conditions, and platelet ERK5 maintains the expression of some platelet proteins after MI, leading to infarct expansion. This demonstrates that platelet function in normal healthy conditions is different from platelet function in chronic ischemic and inflammatory conditions. Platelet ERK5 may be a target for acute therapeutic intervention in the thrombotic and inflammatory post-MI environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Cameron
- From Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY (S.J.C., S.K.T., D.M., E.C., K.L.M., M.S., D.J.F., C.N.M.); Department of Medicine (S.J.C., C.N.M.) and Heart Research Follow-Up Program (S.M.), Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY; and Department of Cardiology Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (N.-T.L., J.-i.A.)
| | - Sara K Ture
- From Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY (S.J.C., S.K.T., D.M., E.C., K.L.M., M.S., D.J.F., C.N.M.); Department of Medicine (S.J.C., C.N.M.) and Heart Research Follow-Up Program (S.M.), Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY; and Department of Cardiology Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (N.-T.L., J.-i.A.)
| | - Deanne Mickelsen
- From Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY (S.J.C., S.K.T., D.M., E.C., K.L.M., M.S., D.J.F., C.N.M.); Department of Medicine (S.J.C., C.N.M.) and Heart Research Follow-Up Program (S.M.), Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY; and Department of Cardiology Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (N.-T.L., J.-i.A.)
| | - Enakshi Chakrabarti
- From Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY (S.J.C., S.K.T., D.M., E.C., K.L.M., M.S., D.J.F., C.N.M.); Department of Medicine (S.J.C., C.N.M.) and Heart Research Follow-Up Program (S.M.), Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY; and Department of Cardiology Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (N.-T.L., J.-i.A.)
| | - Kristina L Modjeski
- From Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY (S.J.C., S.K.T., D.M., E.C., K.L.M., M.S., D.J.F., C.N.M.); Department of Medicine (S.J.C., C.N.M.) and Heart Research Follow-Up Program (S.M.), Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY; and Department of Cardiology Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (N.-T.L., J.-i.A.)
| | - Scott McNitt
- From Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY (S.J.C., S.K.T., D.M., E.C., K.L.M., M.S., D.J.F., C.N.M.); Department of Medicine (S.J.C., C.N.M.) and Heart Research Follow-Up Program (S.M.), Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY; and Department of Cardiology Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (N.-T.L., J.-i.A.)
| | - Michael Seaberry
- From Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY (S.J.C., S.K.T., D.M., E.C., K.L.M., M.S., D.J.F., C.N.M.); Department of Medicine (S.J.C., C.N.M.) and Heart Research Follow-Up Program (S.M.), Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY; and Department of Cardiology Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (N.-T.L., J.-i.A.)
| | - David J Field
- From Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY (S.J.C., S.K.T., D.M., E.C., K.L.M., M.S., D.J.F., C.N.M.); Department of Medicine (S.J.C., C.N.M.) and Heart Research Follow-Up Program (S.M.), Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY; and Department of Cardiology Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (N.-T.L., J.-i.A.)
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- From Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY (S.J.C., S.K.T., D.M., E.C., K.L.M., M.S., D.J.F., C.N.M.); Department of Medicine (S.J.C., C.N.M.) and Heart Research Follow-Up Program (S.M.), Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY; and Department of Cardiology Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (N.-T.L., J.-i.A.)
| | - Jun-Ichi Abe
- From Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY (S.J.C., S.K.T., D.M., E.C., K.L.M., M.S., D.J.F., C.N.M.); Department of Medicine (S.J.C., C.N.M.) and Heart Research Follow-Up Program (S.M.), Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY; and Department of Cardiology Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (N.-T.L., J.-i.A.)
| | - Craig N Morrell
- From Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY (S.J.C., S.K.T., D.M., E.C., K.L.M., M.S., D.J.F., C.N.M.); Department of Medicine (S.J.C., C.N.M.) and Heart Research Follow-Up Program (S.M.), Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY; and Department of Cardiology Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (N.-T.L., J.-i.A.).
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36
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Novel function of the chromosome 7 open reading frame 41 gene to promote leukemic megakaryocyte differentiation by modulating TPA-induced signaling. Blood Cancer J 2014; 4:e198. [PMID: 24681962 PMCID: PMC3972703 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2014.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) activates multiple signaling pathways, alters gene expression and causes leukemic cell differentiation. How TPA-induced genes contribute to leukemic cell differentiation remains elusive. We noticed that chromosome 7 open reading frame 41 (C7ORF41) was a TPA-responsive gene and its upregulation concurred with human megakaryocyte differentiation. In K562 cells, ectopic expression of C7ORF41 significantly increased CD61 expression, enhanced ERK and JNK signaling, and upregulated RUNX1 and FLI1, whereas C7ORF41 knockdown caused an opposite phenotype. These observations suggest that C7ORF41 may promote megakaryocyte differentiation partially through modulating ERK and JNK signaling that leads to upregulation of RUNX1 and FLI1. In supporting this, C7ORF41 overexpression rescued megakaryocyte differentiation blocked by ERK inhibition while JNK inhibition abrogated the upregulation of FLI1 by C7ORF41. Furthermore, we found that Y34F mutant C7ORF41 inhibited megakaryocyte differentiation. nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) was the major activator of C7ORF41 that in turn repressed NF-κB activity by inhibiting its phosphorylation at serine 536, while MAPK/ERK was the potent repressor of C7ORF41. Finally, we showed that C7ORF41 knockdown in mouse fetal liver cells impaired megakaryocyte differentiation. Taken together, we have identified the function of a novel gene C7ORF41 that forms interplaying regulatory network in TPA-induced signaling and promotes leukemic and normal megakaryocyte differentiation.
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Dütting S, Vögtle T, Morowski M, Schiessl S, Schäfer CM, Watson SK, Hughes CE, Ackermann JA, Radtke D, Hermanns HM, Watson SP, Nitschke L, Nieswandt B. Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 contributes to (hem)immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-mediated signaling in platelets. Circ Res 2013; 114:444-453. [PMID: 24265393 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.302670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Platelets are anuclear cell fragments derived from bone marrow megakaryocytes (MKs) that safeguard vascular integrity but may also cause pathological vessel occlusion. One major pathway of platelet activation is triggered by 2 receptors that signal through an (hem)immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM), the activating collagen receptor glycoprotein (GP) VI and the C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2). Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) is a ubiquitously expressed adapter molecule involved in signaling processes of numerous receptors in different cell types, but its function in platelets and MKs is unknown. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that Grb2 is a crucial adapter protein in (hem)immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif signaling in platelets. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we show that genetic ablation of Grb2 in MKs and platelets did not interfere with MK differentiation or platelet production. However, Grb2-deficiency severely impaired glycoprotein VI-mediated platelet activation because of defective stabilization of the linker of activated T-cell (LAT) signalosome and activation of downstream signaling proteins that resulted in reduced adhesion, aggregation, and coagulant activity on collagen in vitro. Similarly, CLEC-2-mediated signaling was impaired in Grb2-deficient platelets, whereas the cells responded normally to stimulation of G protein-coupled receptors. In vivo, this selective (hem)immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif signaling defect resulted in prolonged bleeding times but affected arterial thrombus formation only after concomitant treatment with acetylsalicylic acid, indicating that defective glycoprotein VI signaling in the absence of Grb2 can be compensated through thromboxane A2-induced G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal an important contribution of Grb2 in (hem)immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif signaling in platelets in hemostasis and thrombosis by stabilizing the LAT signalosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dütting
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg (S.D., T.V., M.M., S.S., B.N.) and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (S.D., T.V., C.M.S., H.M.H., B.N.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (S.K.W., C.E.H., S.P.W.); and Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (J.A.A., D.R., L.N.)
| | - Timo Vögtle
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg (S.D., T.V., M.M., S.S., B.N.) and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (S.D., T.V., C.M.S., H.M.H., B.N.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (S.K.W., C.E.H., S.P.W.); and Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (J.A.A., D.R., L.N.)
| | - Martina Morowski
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg (S.D., T.V., M.M., S.S., B.N.) and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (S.D., T.V., C.M.S., H.M.H., B.N.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (S.K.W., C.E.H., S.P.W.); and Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (J.A.A., D.R., L.N.)
| | - Sarah Schiessl
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg (S.D., T.V., M.M., S.S., B.N.) and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (S.D., T.V., C.M.S., H.M.H., B.N.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (S.K.W., C.E.H., S.P.W.); and Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (J.A.A., D.R., L.N.)
| | - Carmen M Schäfer
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg (S.D., T.V., M.M., S.S., B.N.) and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (S.D., T.V., C.M.S., H.M.H., B.N.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (S.K.W., C.E.H., S.P.W.); and Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (J.A.A., D.R., L.N.)
| | - Stephanie K Watson
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg (S.D., T.V., M.M., S.S., B.N.) and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (S.D., T.V., C.M.S., H.M.H., B.N.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (S.K.W., C.E.H., S.P.W.); and Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (J.A.A., D.R., L.N.)
| | - Craig E Hughes
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg (S.D., T.V., M.M., S.S., B.N.) and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (S.D., T.V., C.M.S., H.M.H., B.N.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (S.K.W., C.E.H., S.P.W.); and Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (J.A.A., D.R., L.N.)
| | - Jochen A Ackermann
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg (S.D., T.V., M.M., S.S., B.N.) and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (S.D., T.V., C.M.S., H.M.H., B.N.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (S.K.W., C.E.H., S.P.W.); and Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (J.A.A., D.R., L.N.)
| | - Daniel Radtke
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg (S.D., T.V., M.M., S.S., B.N.) and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (S.D., T.V., C.M.S., H.M.H., B.N.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (S.K.W., C.E.H., S.P.W.); and Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (J.A.A., D.R., L.N.)
| | - Heike M Hermanns
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg (S.D., T.V., M.M., S.S., B.N.) and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (S.D., T.V., C.M.S., H.M.H., B.N.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (S.K.W., C.E.H., S.P.W.); and Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (J.A.A., D.R., L.N.)
| | - Steve P Watson
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg (S.D., T.V., M.M., S.S., B.N.) and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (S.D., T.V., C.M.S., H.M.H., B.N.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (S.K.W., C.E.H., S.P.W.); and Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (J.A.A., D.R., L.N.)
| | - Lars Nitschke
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg (S.D., T.V., M.M., S.S., B.N.) and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (S.D., T.V., C.M.S., H.M.H., B.N.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (S.K.W., C.E.H., S.P.W.); and Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (J.A.A., D.R., L.N.)
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg (S.D., T.V., M.M., S.S., B.N.) and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (S.D., T.V., C.M.S., H.M.H., B.N.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (S.K.W., C.E.H., S.P.W.); and Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (J.A.A., D.R., L.N.)
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Zhou Q, Jiang L, Xu C, Luo D, Zeng C, Liu P, Yue M, Liu Y, Hu X, Hu H. Ginsenoside Rg1 inhibits platelet activation and arterial thrombosis. Thromb Res 2013; 133:57-65. [PMID: 24196231 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Derived from the root of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey, Panax notoginsenosides (PNS) is a widely used herbal medicine to treat atherothrombotic diseases in Asian medicine. Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the main compounds responsible for the pharmaceutical actions of PNS. As platelets play pivotal roles in atherothrombogenesis, we therefore studied the effect of Rg1 on platelet activation and its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human platelets are obtained from healthy subjects. Platelet activation and the inhibition of Rg1 were assessed by Born aggregometer, flow cytmetry, flow chamber and western blot. The in vivo thrombosis model was induced by 10% FeCl3 on mesenteric arterioles of wild type B57/b6 mice. RESULTS Rg1 significantly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by thrombin, ADP, collagen and U46619, e.g., aggregation rate stimulated by 0.1UmL(-1) thrombin was decreased 46% by Rg1. Rg1 also reduced thrombin (0.1UmL(-1))-enhanced fibrinogen binding and P-selectin expression of single platelet by 81% and 66%, respectively. Rg1 affected αIIbβ3-mediated outside-in signaling as demonstrated by diminished platelet spreading on immobilized fibrinogen. Rg1 also decreased the rate of clot retraction in platelet rich plasma. Furthermore, Rg1 decreased platelet adhesion on collagen surface under a shear rate correlated to the arterial flow (1000s(-1)) by approximately 70%. Western blot showed that Rg1 potently inhibited ERK phosphrylation. The in vitro findings were further evaluated in the mouse model of in vivo arterial thrombosis, and Rg1 was found to prolong the mesenteric arterial occlusion time (34.9±4.1min without and 64.3±4.9min with Rg1; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Rg1 inhibits platelet activation via the inhibition of ERK pathway, and attenuates arterial thrombus formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongjiao Luo
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunlai Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Pu Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Yue
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosheng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hu Hu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Larusch GA, Merkulova A, Mahdi F, Shariat-Madar Z, Sitrin RG, Cines DB, Schmaier AH. Domain 2 of uPAR regulates single-chain urokinase-mediated angiogenesis through β1-integrin and VEGFR2. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H305-20. [PMID: 23709605 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00110.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
How single-chain urokinase (ScuPA) mediates angiogenesis is incompletely understood. ScuPA (≥4 nM) induces phosphorylated (p)ERK1/2 (MAPK44 and MAPK42) and pAkt (Ser(473)) in umbilical vein and dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Activation of pERK1/2 by ScuPA is blocked by PD-98059 or U-0126, and pAkt (Ser(473)) activation is inhibited by wortmannin or LY-294002. ScuPA (32 nM) or protease-inhibited two-chain urokinase stimulates pERK1/2 to the same extent, indicating that signaling is not dependent on enzymatic activity. ScuPA induces pERK1/2, but not pAkt (Ser(473)), in SIN1(-/-) cells, indicating that the two pathways are not identical. Peptides from domain 2 of the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) or domain 5 of high-molecular-weight kininogen compete with ScuPA for the induction of pERK1/2 and pAkt (Ser(473)). A peptide of the integrin-binding site on uPAR, a β1-integrin peptide that binds uPAR, antibody 6S6 to β1-integrin, tyrosine kinase inhibitors AG-1478 or PP3, and small interfering RNA knockdown of VEFG receptor 2, but not HER1-HER4, blocked ScuPA-induced pERK1/2 and pAkt (Ser(473)). ScuPA-induced endothelial cell proliferation was blocked by inhibitors of pERK1/2 and pAkt (Ser(473)), antibody 6S6, and uPAR or kininogen peptides. ScuPA initiated aortic sprouts and Matrigel plug angiogenesis in normal, but not uPAR-deficient, mouse aortae or mice, respectively, but these were blocked by PD-98059, LY-294002, AG-1478, or cleaved high-molecular-weight kininogen. In summary, this investigation indicates a novel, a nonproteolytic signaling pathway initiated by zymogen ScuPA and mediated by domain 2 of uPAR, β1-integrins, and VEGF receptor 2 leading to angiogenesis. Kininogens or peptides from it downregulate this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen A Larusch
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Tijssen MR, Ghevaert C. Transcription factors in late megakaryopoiesis and related platelet disorders. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11:593-604. [PMID: 23311859 PMCID: PMC3824237 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell type-specific transcription factors regulate the repertoire of genes expressed in a cell and thereby determine its phenotype. The differentiation of megakaryocytes, the platelet progenitors, from hematopoietic stem cells is a well-known process that can be mimicked in culture. However, the efficient formation of platelets in culture remains a challenge. Platelet formation is a complicated process including megakaryocyte maturation, platelet assembly and platelet shedding. We hypothesize that a better understanding of the transcriptional regulation of this process will allow us to influence it such that sufficient numbers of platelets can be produced for clinical applications. After an introduction to gene regulation and platelet formation, this review summarizes the current knowledge of the regulation of platelet formation by the transcription factors EVI1, GATA1, FLI1, NFE2, RUNX1, SRF and its co-factor MKL1, and TAL1. Also covered is how some platelet disorders including myeloproliferative neoplasms, result from disturbances of the transcriptional regulation. These disorders give us invaluable insights into the crucial role these transcription factors play in platelet formation. Finally, there is discussion of how a better understanding of these processes will be needed to allow for efficient production of platelets in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Tijssen
- Department of Haematology, University of CambridgeUK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and NHS Blood and TransplantCambridge, UK
| | - C Ghevaert
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and NHS Blood and TransplantCambridge, UK
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MR-1 blocks the megakaryocytic differentiation and transition of CML from chronic phase to blast crisis through MEK dephosphorylation. Blood Cancer J 2013; 3:e107. [PMID: 23542180 PMCID: PMC3615218 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2013.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) evolves from a chronic phase characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome as the sole genetic abnormality and the accumulation of mature cells in peripheral blood into blast crisis, which is characterized by the rapid expansion of myeloid- or lymphoid-differentiation-arrested blast cells. Although ample studies have been conducted on the disease progress mechanisms, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the malignant phenotype transition are still unclear. In this study, we have shown that myofibrillogenesis regulator-1 (MR-1) was overexpressed in blast crisis patients and leukemic cells, but there was little trace expressed in healthy individuals and in most patients in CML chronic phase. MR-1 could inhibit the differentiation of myeloid cells into megakaryocytic lineages and accelerate cell proliferation. The molecular mechanism responsible for these effects was the interaction of MR-1 with MEK, which blocked the MEK/ERK signaling pathway by dephosphorylating MEK. Our results provide compelling and important evidence that MR-1 might act as a diagnostic marker and potential target of CML progression from chronic phase to blast crisis.
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Chen PK, Chang HH, Lin GL, Wang TP, Lai YL, Lin TK, Hsieh MC, Kau JH, Huang HH, Hsu HL, Liao CY, Sun DS. Suppressive effects of anthrax lethal toxin on megakaryopoiesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59512. [PMID: 23555687 PMCID: PMC3605335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthrax lethal toxin (LT) is a major virulence factor of Bacillus anthracis. LT challenge suppresses platelet counts and platelet function in mice, however, the mechanism responsible for thrombocytopenia remains unclear. LT inhibits cellular mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which are vital pathways responsible for cell survival, differentiation, and maturation. One of the MAPKs, the MEK1/2-extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway, is particularly important in megakaryopoiesis. This study evaluates the hypothesis that LT may suppress the progenitor cells of platelets, thereby inducing thrombocytopenic responses. Using cord blood-derived CD34(+) cells and mouse bone marrow mononuclear cells to perform in vitro differentiation, this work shows that LT suppresses megakaryopoiesis by reducing the survival of megakaryocytes. Thrombopoietin treatments can reduce thrombocytopenia, megakaryocytic suppression, and the quick onset of lethality in LT-challenged mice. These results suggest that megakaryocytic suppression is one of the mechanisms by which LT induces thrombocytopenia. These findings may provide new insights for developing feasible approaches against anthrax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Kong Chen
- Institute of Medical Science, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ling Lin
- Institute of Medical Science, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Pao Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Kai Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chun Hsieh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Hwa Kau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsien Huang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Hsu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mennonite Christian Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Der-Shan Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Implications of leptin in neuroendocrine regulation of male reproduction. Reprod Biol 2013; 13:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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High doses of romiplostim induce proliferation and reduce proplatelet formation by human megakaryocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54723. [PMID: 23359807 PMCID: PMC3554640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Romiplostim (AMG531) is a Thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonist with no homology with the endogenous TPO that has been used to treat patients affected by immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Despite the use of TPO mimetics in the clinical practice, the mechanisms underlying their impact on megakaryocyte function is still unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings In this project we took advantage of an in vitro human model, that we have established in our laboratory for long time to study megakaryocyte development from human cord blood-derived progenitor cells, and we demonstrated that increasing doses of AMG531 (100 to 2000 ng/mL) determine a progressive increase of megakaryocyte proliferation with a parallel decrease in megakaryocyte ploidy and capacity of extending proplatelets. Most importantly, these differences in megakaryocyte function seemed to be correlated to modulation of AKT phosphorylation. Conclusions/Significance Overall our results shed new light on the mechanisms and on the relevance of dosage related to AMG531 impact on megakaryocyte function.
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Limb JK, Song D, Jeon M, Han SY, Han G, Jhon GJ, Bae YS, Kim J. 2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl (R)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-2-stearamidopropyl phosphate promotes megakaryocytic differentiation of myeloid leukaemia cells and primary human CD34⁺ haematopoietic stem cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 9:435-46. [PMID: 23166016 DOI: 10.1002/term.1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study we showed that 2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl (R)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-2-stearamidopropyl phosphate [(R)-TEMOSPho], a derivative of an organic chemical identified from a natural product library, promotes highly efficient differentiation of megakaryocytes. Specifically, (R)-TEMOSPho induces cell cycle arrest, cell size increase and polyploidization from K562 and HEL cells, which are used extensively to model megakaryocytic differentiation. In addition, megakaryocyte-specific cell surface markers showed a dramatic increase in expression in response to (R)-TEMOSPho treatment. Importantly, we demonstrated that such megakaryocytic differentiation can also be induced from primary human CD34(+) haematopoietic stem cells. Activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway and, to a lesser extent, the MEK-ERK pathway appears to be required for this process, as blocking with specific inhibitors interferes with the differentiation of K562 cells. A subset of (R)-TEMOSPho-treated K562 cells undergoes spontaneous apoptosis and produces platelets that are apparently functional, as they bind to fibrinogen, express P-selectin and aggregate in response to SFLLRN and AYPGFK, the activating peptides for the PAR1 and PAR4 receptors, respectively. Taken together, these results indicate that (R)-TEMOSPho will be useful for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of megakaryocytic differentiation, and that this class of compounds represents potential therapeutic reagents for thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyung Limb
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Centre for Cell Signalling and Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry and Division of Nano Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Eliades A, Matsuura S, Ravid K. Oxidases and reactive oxygen species during hematopoiesis: a focus on megakaryocytes. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:3355-62. [PMID: 22331622 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated as a result of various reactions, control an array of cellular processes. The role of ROS during megakaryocyte (MK) development has been a subject of interest and research. The bone marrow niche is a site of MK differentiation and maturation. In this environment, a gradient of oxygen tension, from normoxia to hypoxia results in different levels of ROS, impacting cellular physiology. This article provides an overview of major sources of ROS, their implication in different signaling pathways, and their effect on cellular physiology, with a focus on megakaryopoiesis. The importance of ROS-generating oxidases in MK biology and pathology, including myelofibrosis, is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Eliades
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Hu Q, Yin PH, Lu PX, Shen YG, Yu C, Li SJ, Jia JY, Liu GY, Miao Y, Fan YZ. Bufalin induces apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells via the JNK signaling pathway. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:100-105. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i2.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether bufalin induces apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer cells via the JNK signaling pathway.
METHODS: The cytostatic effect of bufalin on human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 was evaluated by MTT assay. The impact of bufalin on apoptosis and p-JNK expression was determined by flow cytometry (FCM) and Western blot, respectively. The mRNA expression level of survivin was detected by fluorescent quantitative PCR in BxPC-3 cells treated with bufalin in the absence or presence of a JNK inhibitor.
RESULTS: Bufalin inhibited cell growth in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. BxPC-3 cells treated with 0.16, 0.32, or 0.64 mg/L of bufalin for 48 h had cell apoptotic rates of 19.36% ± 0.39%, 40.69% ± 0.44% and 59.63% ± 1.14%, respectively, showing a significant difference among the three groups (P < 0.01). After the JNK signaling pathway was blocked, cell apoptotic rate decreased significantly (P < 0.01).After bufalin treatment, p-JNK expression was up-regulated at 1 h and reached the peak at 2 h. The mRNA expression of survivin decreased obviously after treatment with 0.32 mg/L of bufalin for 48 h, but increased significantly when the NK signaling pathway was blocked.
CONCLUSION: Bufalin can induce apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer cells. The anti-pancreatic cancer activity of bufalin might involve down-regulation of survivin mRNA via the SAPK/JNK signal transduction pathway.
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Ren K, Ma Y, Huang Y, Liang W, Liu F, Wang Q, Cui W, Liu Z, Yin G, Fan W. Periodic mechanical stress activates MEK1/2-ERK1/2 mitogenic signals in rat chondrocytes through Src and PLCγ1. Braz J Med Biol Res 2011; 44:1231-42. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2011007500150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yimin Ma
- Nanjing Medical University, China
| | | | | | - Feng Liu
- Nanjing Medical University, China
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Mantzoros CS, Magkos F, Brinkoetter M, Sienkiewicz E, Dardeno TA, Kim SY, Hamnvik OPR, Koniaris A. Leptin in human physiology and pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 301:E567-84. [PMID: 21791620 PMCID: PMC3191548 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00315.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Leptin, discovered through positional cloning 15 years ago, is an adipocyte-secreted hormone with pleiotropic effects in the physiology and pathophysiology of energy homeostasis, endocrinology, and metabolism. Studies in vitro and in animal models highlight the potential for leptin to regulate a number of physiological functions. Available evidence from human studies indicates that leptin has a mainly permissive role, with leptin administration being effective in states of leptin deficiency, less effective in states of leptin adequacy, and largely ineffective in states of leptin excess. Results from interventional studies in humans demonstrate that leptin administration in subjects with congenital complete leptin deficiency or subjects with partial leptin deficiency (subjects with lipoatrophy, congenital or related to HIV infection, and women with hypothalamic amenorrhea) reverses the energy homeostasis and neuroendocrine and metabolic abnormalities associated with these conditions. More specifically, in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea, leptin helps restore abnormalities in hypothalamic-pituitary-peripheral axes including the gonadal, thyroid, growth hormone, and to a lesser extent adrenal axes. Furthermore, leptin results in resumption of menses in the majority of these subjects and, in the long term, may increase bone mineral content and density, especially at the lumbar spine. In patients with congenital or HIV-related lipoatrophy, leptin treatment is also associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity and lipid profile, concomitant with reduced visceral and ectopic fat deposition. In contrast, leptin's effects are largely absent in the obese hyperleptinemic state, probably due to leptin resistance or tolerance. Hence, another emerging area of research pertains to the discovery and/or usefulness of leptin sensitizers. Results from ongoing studies are expected to further increase our understanding of the role of leptin and the potential clinical applications of leptin or its analogs in human therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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50
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Chung E, Kondo M. Role of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling in physiological hematopoiesis and leukemia development. Immunol Res 2011; 49:248-68. [PMID: 21170740 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-010-8187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent research on hematological malignancies has shown that malignant cells often co-opt physiological pathways to promote their growth and development. Bone marrow homeostasis requires a fine balance between cellular differentiation and self-renewal; cell survival and apoptosis; and cellular proliferation and senescence. The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway has been shown to be important in regulating these biological functions. Moreover, the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway has been estimated to be mutated in 30% of all cancers, thus making it the focus of many scientific studies which have lead to a deeper understanding of cancer development and help to elucidate potential weaknesses that can be targeted by pharmacological agents [1]. In this review, we specifically focus on the role of this pathway in physiological hematopoiesis and how augmentation of the pathway may lead to hematopoietic malignancies. We also discuss the challenges and success of targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Chung
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, 101 Jones Building, DUMC Box 3010, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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