1
|
Brown SJ, Šoltić D, Synowsky SA, Shirran SL, Chilcott E, Shorrock HK, Gillingwater TH, Yáñez-Muñoz RJ, Schneider B, Bowerman M, Fuller HR. AAV9-mediated SMN gene therapy rescues cardiac desmin but not lamin A/C and elastin dysregulation in Smn2B/- spinal muscular atrophy mice. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:2950-2965. [PMID: 37498175 PMCID: PMC10549791 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural, functional and molecular cardiac defects have been reported in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients and mouse models. Previous quantitative proteomics analyses demonstrated widespread molecular defects in the severe Taiwanese SMA mouse model. Whether such changes are conserved across different mouse models, including less severe forms of the disease, has yet to be established. Here, using the same high-resolution proteomics approach in the less-severe Smn2B/- SMA mouse model, 277 proteins were found to be differentially abundant at a symptomatic timepoint (post-natal day (P) 18), 50 of which were similarly dysregulated in severe Taiwanese SMA mice. Bioinformatics analysis linked many of the differentially abundant proteins to cardiovascular development and function, with intermediate filaments highlighted as an enriched cellular compartment in both datasets. Lamin A/C was increased in the cardiac tissue, whereas another intermediate filament protein, desmin, was reduced. The extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, elastin, was also robustly decreased in the heart of Smn2B/- mice. AAV9-SMN1-mediated gene therapy rectified low levels of survival motor neuron protein and restored desmin levels in heart tissues of Smn2B/- mice. In contrast, AAV9-SMN1 therapy failed to correct lamin A/C or elastin levels. Intermediate filament proteins and the ECM have key roles in cardiac function and their dysregulation may explain cardiac impairment in SMA, especially since mutations in genes encoding these proteins cause other diseases with cardiac aberration. Cardiac pathology may need to be considered in the long-term care of SMA patients, as it is unclear whether currently available treatments can fully rescue peripheral pathology in SMA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon J Brown
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, TORCH Building, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry SY10 7AG, UK
| | - Darija Šoltić
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, TORCH Building, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry SY10 7AG, UK
| | - Silvia A Synowsky
- BSRC Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Sally L Shirran
- BSRC Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Ellie Chilcott
- AGCTlab.org, Centre of Gene and Cell Therapy, Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Hannah K Shorrock
- Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Thomas H Gillingwater
- Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Rafael J Yáñez-Muñoz
- AGCTlab.org, Centre of Gene and Cell Therapy, Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Bernard Schneider
- Bertarelli Platform for Gene Therapy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melissa Bowerman
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, TORCH Building, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry SY10 7AG, UK
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Heidi R Fuller
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, TORCH Building, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry SY10 7AG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kaur N, Sharma RK, Singh Kushwah A, Singh N, Thakur S. A Comprehensive Review of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Pre-clinical Animal Models in Addition to Herbal Treatment Options and Multi-modality Imaging Strategies. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2023; 22:207-225. [PMID: 36734898 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x23666230123122808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is distinguished by ventricular chamber expansion, systolic dysfunction, and normal left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, and is mainly caused due to genetic or environmental factors; however, its aetiology is undetermined in the majority of patients. The focus of this work is on pathogenesis, small animal models, as well as the herbal medicinal approach, and the most recent advances in imaging modalities for patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Several small animal models have been proposed over the last few years to mimic various pathomechanisms that contribute to dilated cardiomyopathy. Surgical procedures, gene mutations, and drug therapies are all characteristic features of these models. The pros and cons, including heart failure stimulation of extensively established small animal models for dilated cardiomyopathy, are illustrated, as these models tend to procure key insights and contribute to the development of innovative treatment techniques for patients. Traditional medicinal plants used as treatment in these models are also discussed, along with contemporary developments in herbal therapies. In the last few decades, accurate diagnosis, proper recognition of the underlying disease, specific risk stratification, and forecasting of clinical outcome, have indeed improved the health of DCM patients. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the bullion criterion for assessing ventricular volume and ejection fraction in a reliable and consistent direction. Other technologies, like strain analysis and 3D echocardiography, have enhanced this technique's predictive and therapeutic potential. Nuclear imaging potentially helps doctors pinpoint the causative factors of left ventricular dysfunction, as with cardiac sarcoidosis and amyloidosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, Punjab, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, Punjab, India
| | - Ajay Singh Kushwah
- Department of Pharmacology, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, Punjab, India
| | - Nisha Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, Punjab, India
| | - Shilpa Thakur
- Department of Pharmacology, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Malignant Arrhythmogenic Role Associated with RBM20: A Comprehensive Interpretation Focused on a Personalized Approach. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020130. [PMID: 33671899 PMCID: PMC7918949 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The RBM20 gene encodes the muscle-specific splicing factor RNA-binding motif 20, a regulator of heart-specific alternative splicing. Nearly 40 potentially deleterious variants in RBM20 have been reported in the last ten years, being found to be associated with highly arrhythmogenic events in familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Frequently, malignant arrhythmias can be a primary manifestation of disease. The early recognition of arrhythmic genotypes is crucial in avoiding lethal episodes, as it may have an impact on the adoption of personalized preventive measures. Our study performs a comprehensive update of data concerning rare variants in RBM20 that are associated with malignant arrhythmogenic phenotypes with a focus on personalized medicine.
Collapse
|
4
|
Naddaf S, Ehrenberg S, Hakim R, Mahamid M, Turgeman Y, Koren O. Epinephrine soaked tampons induced transient acute dilated cardiomyopathy during FESS procedure. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:452. [PMID: 33066731 PMCID: PMC7566064 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01706-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epinephrine, in all modes of use, may pose a wide range of cardiotoxic events, ranging from sinus tachycardia to heart failure, life threatening arrhythmias, and even death. Because of daily and extensive use of epinephrine, these unusual and rare events tend to be forgotten by physicians. We present a case of dilated cardiomyopathy that developed following routine use of epinephrine-impregnated tampons during function endoscopic sinus (FESS) surgery. Case presentation A healthy, 24-year-old man with no family history of heart disease has undergone elective surgery under general anesthesia to repair the paranasal sinuses using endoscopic approach. During surgery, soon after being treated with 1: 1000 diluted epinephrine-soaked tampons, an hypertensive crisis was noticed followed by pulseless electrical activity. An extensive examination led to the diagnosis of non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. After several days of heart failure medical therapy, complete resolution of all structural and functional changes was achieved. Conclusion In our case, we present an unusual and rare event of acute dilated cardiomyopathy following the use of epinephrine-soaked tampons during elective FESS surgery. A prompt response was observed after several days of heart failure treatment. Awareness of the epinephrine cardiotoxic potential even in the form of soaked tampons is essential for proper diagnosis and prompt treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sari Naddaf
- Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Scott Ehrenberg
- Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rony Hakim
- Department of Anaesthesia, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | | | - Yoav Turgeman
- Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Heart Institute, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Ofir Koren
- Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. .,Heart Institute, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tsikitis M, Galata Z, Mavroidis M, Psarras S, Capetanaki Y. Intermediate filaments in cardiomyopathy. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1007-1031. [PMID: 30027462 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filament (IF) proteins are critical regulators in health and disease. The discovery of hundreds of mutations in IF genes and posttranslational modifications has been linked to a plethora of human diseases, including, among others, cardiomyopathies, muscular dystrophies, progeria, blistering diseases of the epidermis, and neurodegenerative diseases. The major IF proteins that have been linked to cardiomyopathies and heart failure are the muscle-specific cytoskeletal IF protein desmin and the nuclear IF protein lamin, as a subgroup of the known desminopathies and laminopathies, respectively. The studies so far, both with healthy and diseased heart, have demonstrated the importance of these IF protein networks in intracellular and intercellular integration of structure and function, mechanotransduction and gene activation, cardiomyocyte differentiation and survival, mitochondrial homeostasis, and regulation of metabolism. The high coordination of all these processes is obviously of great importance for the maintenance of proper, life-lasting, and continuous contraction of this highly organized cardiac striated muscle and consequently a healthy heart. In this review, we will cover most known information on the role of IFs in the above processes and how their deficiency or disruption leads to cardiomyopathy and heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Tsikitis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephesiou, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Zoi Galata
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephesiou, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Mavroidis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephesiou, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Stelios Psarras
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephesiou, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Yassemi Capetanaki
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephesiou, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kessler EL, Nikkels PG, van Veen TA. Disturbed Desmoglein-2 in the intercalated disc of pediatric patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Hum Pathol 2017; 67:101-108. [PMID: 28764973 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) leads to disturbed contraction and force transduction, and is associated with substantial mortality in all age groups. Involvement of a disrupted composition of the intercalated disc (ID) has been reported. However, in children, little is established about such subcellular changes during disease, because of the pathological mix-up with the ongoing cardiac maturation. This leaves maladaptive remodeling often undetected. We aimed at illustrating subcellular alterations in children diagnosed with DCM compared to age-matched controls, focusing on ID proteins known to be crucially stable under healthy conditions and destabilized during cardiac injury in adults. Left ventricular or septal pediatric specimens were collected from 7 individuals diagnosed with DCM (age: 23 weeks in utero to 8 weeks postnatal) and age-matched controls that died of non-cardiovascular cause. We determined the amount of fibrosis and localization of ID proteins by immunohistochemistry. In pediatric DCM, most ID proteins follow similar spatiotemporal changes in localization as in controls. However, although no mutations were found, the signal of the desmosomal protein Desmoglein-2 was reduced in all pediatric DCM specimens, but not in controls or adult DCM patients. Endocardial and transmural fibrosis was increased in all pediatric DCM patients compared to age-matched controls. Composition of the ID in pediatric DCM patients is similar to controls, except for the localization of Desmoglein-2 and presence of severe fibrosis. This suggests that the architecture of desmosomes is already disturbed in the early stages of DCM. These findings contribute to the understanding of pediatric DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise L Kessler
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Gj Nikkels
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Toon Ab van Veen
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Banerjee A, Ghoshal PK, Sengupta K. Novel linkage of LMNA Single Nucleotide Polymorphism with Dilated Cardiomyopathy in an Indian case study. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2015; 7:99-105. [PMID: 28785654 PMCID: PMC5497236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most commonly encountered heart diseases reported globally. It is characterized by enlarged ventricles with impaired systolic and diastolic functions. Mutations in LMNA gene are one of the causative factors to precipitate the disease. However, association of SNPs of LMNA with DCM in particular has not been well documented. METHOD Here we present a limited and restricted case study of patients from south eastern part of India afflicted with idiopathic DCM and conduction defects. By using next generation sequencing we have sequenced the exons of LMNA gene from genomic DNA isolated from patients. RESULT We have identified the linkage of 8 different LMNA SNPs with idiopathic DCM viz. rs121117552, rs538089, rs505058, rs4641, rs646840, rs534807, rs80356803 and rs7339. These SNPs are scattered throughout the gene with prevalence for the region encoding the central rod domain of lamin A/C. CONCLUSION Most of these SNPs in LMNA were previously reported to be involved in various disorders other than DCM. We conclude that, variation in LMNA is one of the major underlying genetic causes for the pathogenesis of DCM, as observed in few Indian populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avinanda Banerjee
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Pradip K. Ghoshal
- Department of Cardiology & Medicine, N.R.S. Medical College & Hospital, 138 A. J. C Bose Road, Kolkata 700014, India
| | - Kaushik Sengupta
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Francone M. Role of cardiac magnetic resonance in the evaluation of dilated cardiomyopathy: diagnostic contribution and prognostic significance. ISRN RADIOLOGY 2014; 2014:365404. [PMID: 24967294 PMCID: PMC4045555 DOI: 10.1155/2014/365404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) represents the final common morphofunctional pathway of various pathological conditions in which a combination of myocyte injury and necrosis associated with tissue fibrosis results in impaired mechanical function. Recognition of the underlying aetiology of disease and accurate disease monitoring may be crucial to individually optimize therapeutic strategies and stratify patient's prognosis. In this regard, CMR has emerged as a new reference gold standard providing important information for differential diagnosis and new insight about individual risk stratification. The present review article will focus on the role of CMR in the evaluation of present condition, analysing respective strengths and limitations in the light of current literature and technological developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Francone
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324 00161 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
van Spaendonck-Zwarts KY, van Rijsingen IA, van den Berg MP, Lekanne Deprez RH, Post JG, van Mil AM, Asselbergs FW, Christiaans I, van Langen IM, Wilde AA, de Boer RA, Jongbloed JD, Pinto YM, van Tintelen JP. Genetic analysis in 418 index patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: overview of 10 years' experience. Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 15:628-36. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hft013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Y. van Spaendonck-Zwarts
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen; University Medical Centre Groningen; PO Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, Academic Medical Centre; University of Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | | | - Maarten P. van den Berg
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen; University Medical Centre Groningen; The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan G. Post
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht; University of Utrecht; The Netherlands
| | - Anneke M. van Mil
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Leiden; University of Leiden; The Netherlands
| | - Folkert W. Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lungs Division; University Medical Centre Utrecht, University of Utrecht; The Netherlands
| | - Imke Christiaans
- Department of Genetics, Academic Medical Centre; University of Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Irene M. van Langen
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen; University Medical Centre Groningen; PO Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Arthur A.M. Wilde
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Centre; University of Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A. de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen; University Medical Centre Groningen; The Netherlands
| | - Jan D.H. Jongbloed
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen; University Medical Centre Groningen; PO Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Yigal M. Pinto
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Centre; University of Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - J. Peter van Tintelen
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen; University Medical Centre Groningen; PO Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands
- Durrer Centre for Cardiogenetic Research; Utrecht The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Legge CH, López A, Hanna P, Côté E, Hare E, Martinson SA. Histological characterization of dilated cardiomyopathy in the juvenile toy Manchester terrier. Vet Pathol 2013; 50:1043-52. [PMID: 23456967 DOI: 10.1177/0300985813480509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), the most common form of cardiomyopathy in the dog, most often occurs in certain breeds. The objective of this study was to describe a rapidly progressive form of DCM that has been recently recognized in juvenile Toy Manchester Terrier dogs (TMTs). The clinical history and gross findings were reviewed in a group of 14 TMTs, and histologic sections of heart were examined in 12 of those 14 TMTs with DCM. Histochemical and histomorphometric analyses were employed to compare the heart in TMTs affected by DCM with that of control dogs. TMTs ranged in age from 10 to 58.3 weeks, with males and females being equally affected. Affected TMT hearts contained foci of degeneration and loss of myofibers with fibrosis and mild lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates. Less prominent features included foci of acute myofiber degeneration and necrosis with or without intralesional mineralization and mild to moderate suppurative and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates. Morphometric quantification demonstrated that the right ventricle was more severely affected (P ≤ .05) than the left ventricle with variable involvement of the interventricular septum. Immunohistochemistry for canine parvovirus was negative in all heart samples. However, the absence of parvoviral antigen does not rule out a possible viral or autoimmune cause. The presence of these myocardial lesions among closely related dogs suggests a genetic contribution to this disease process in the TMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C H Legge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Novoa B, Figueras A. Zebrafish: model for the study of inflammation and the innate immune response to infectious diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 946:253-75. [PMID: 21948373 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0106-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been extensively used in biomedical research as a model to study vertebrate development and hematopoiesis and recently, it has been adopted into varied fields including immunology. After fertilization, larvae survive with only the innate immune responses because adaptive immune system is morphologically and functionally mature only after 4-6 weeks postfertilization. This temporal separation provides a suitable system to study the vertebrate innate immune response in vivo, independently from the adaptive immune response. The transparency of early life stages allows a useful real-time visualization. Adult zebrafish which have complete (innate and adaptative) immune systems offer also advantages over other vertebrate infection models: small size, relatively rapid life cycle, ease of breeding, and a growing list of molecular tools for the study of infectious diseases. In this review, we have tried to give some examples of the potential of zebrafish as a valuable model in innate immunity and inflammation studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Novoa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sakamoto A, Sugamoto Y. Identification of a novel aldose reductase-like gene upregulated in the failing heart of cardiomyopathic hamster. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 353:275-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0796-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
13
|
Nguyen AT, Xiao B, Neppl RL, Kallin EM, Li J, Chen T, Wang DZ, Xiao X, Zhang Y. DOT1L regulates dystrophin expression and is critical for cardiac function. Genes Dev 2011; 25:263-74. [PMID: 21289070 DOI: 10.1101/gad.2018511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Histone methylation plays an important role in regulating gene expression. One such methylation occurs at Lys 79 of histone H3 (H3K79) and is catalyzed by the yeast DOT1 (disruptor of telomeric silencing) and its mammalian homolog, DOT1L. Previous studies have demonstrated that germline disruption of Dot1L in mice resulted in embryonic lethality. Here we report that cardiac-specific knockout of Dot1L results in increased mortality rate with chamber dilation, increased cardiomyocyte cell death, systolic dysfunction, and conduction abnormalities. These phenotypes mimic those exhibited in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Mechanistic studies reveal that DOT1L performs its function in cardiomyocytes through regulating Dystrophin (Dmd) transcription and, consequently, stability of the Dystrophin-glycoprotein complex important for cardiomyocyte viability. Importantly, expression of a miniDmd can largely rescue the DCM phenotypes, indicating that Dmd is a major target mediating DOT1L function in cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, analysis of available gene expression data sets indicates that DOT1L is down-regulated in idiopathic DCM patient samples compared with normal controls. Therefore, our study not only establishes a critical role for DOT1L-mediated H3K79 methylation in cardiomyocyte function, but also reveals the mechanism underlying the role of DOT1L in DCM. In addition, our study may open new avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of human heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anh T Nguyen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Heart failure is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals of all ages. The many-faceted nature of the clinical heart failure syndrome has historically frustrated attempts to develop an overarching explanative theory. However, much useful information has been gained by basic and clinical investigation, even though a comprehensive understanding of heart failure has been elusive. Heart failure is a growing problem, in both adult and pediatric populations, for which standard medical therapy, as of 2010, can have positive effects, but these are usually limited and progressively diminish with time in most patients. If we want curative or near-curative therapy that will return patients to a normal state of health at a feasible cost, much better diagnostic and therapeutic technologies need to be developed. This review addresses the vexing group of heart failure etiologies that include cardiomyopathies and other ventricular dysfunctions of various types, for which current therapy is only modestly effective. Although there are many unique aspects to heart failure in patients with pediatric and congenital heart disease, many of the innovative approaches that are being developed for the care of adults with heart failure will be applicable to heart failure in childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Penny
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DC) is a rare but potentially fatal complication of epidermolysis bullosa. No clear cause for it has been identified, but iron overload, low carnitine, low selenium, concomitant viral illness, chronic anemia, and medications have been proposed as possible contributors to the development of DC in reported cases. Early detection allows for medical treatment that delays clinical progression and prolongs survival.
Collapse
|
16
|
Lara-Corrales I, Mellerio JE, Martinez AE, Green A, Lucky AW, Azizkhan RG, Murrell DF, Agero AL, Kantor PF, Pope E. Dilated cardiomyopathy in epidermolysis bullosa: a retrospective, multicenter study. Pediatr Dermatol 2010; 27:238-43. [PMID: 20609141 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2010.01127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DC) has been reported in severe epidermolysis bullosa (EB) subtypes. Poor nutritional status, low carnitine levels, selenium deficiency, chronic iron overload, drugs and viral etiology have been proposed as potential contributors. This was a retrospective, descriptive, multicenter study describing EB patients that developed DC, and determining potential pre-disposing risk factors. Fifteen patients were enrolled in the study; 11 of them were male subjects (73%). Eighty-seven per cent of the participants had dystrophic EB and 13% had junctional EB. Mean age at diagnosis of DC was 12.18 +/- 4.99 years. Chronic anemia was diagnosed in 13 of 15 patients (86.7%). Sixty per cent of patients had prior red blood cell transfusions. At diagnosis, selenium levels were low in 55% of the patients (n = 11) and total carnitine levels were low in 45% of the patients (n = 11). Systolic function was moderately impaired, with a mean shortening fraction of 19.38% (SD = 5.04, n = 8). After a mean follow-up period of 6.3 +/- 4.8 years, six patients were alive without being on any medications (40.0%), two were alive on medications (13.3%) and seven had died (46.7%). Limitations of the study was that it was a retrospective chart review with relatively small sample size. Retrospective chart review, relatively small sample size. This study substantiates the association between DC and EB. Currently, there is no single risk factor identified in EB patients that leads to DC. Further prospective studies are needed.
Collapse
|
17
|
Chang KTE, Taylor GP, Meschino WS, Kantor PF, Cutz E. Mitogenic cardiomyopathy: a lethal neonatal familial dilated cardiomyopathy characterized by myocyte hyperplasia and proliferation. Hum Pathol 2010; 41:1002-8. [PMID: 20303141 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2009] [Revised: 12/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric cardiomyopathies are a heterogenous group of conditions of which dilated cardiomyopathies are the most common clinicomorphologic subtype. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of many cases of dilated cardiomyopathies remain unknown. We describe a series of 5 cases of a rare but clinically and histologically distinctive dilated cardiomyopathy that was uniformly lethal in early infancy. The 5 cases include 2 pairs of siblings. There was parental consanguinity in 1 of the 2 pairs of siblings. Death occurred in early infancy (range, 22-67 days; mean, 42 days) after a short history of general lethargy, decreased feeding, respiratory distress, or cyanosis. There was no specific birth or early neonatal problems. Autopsy revealed congestive cardiac failure and enlarged, dilated hearts with ventricular dilatation more pronounced than atrial dilatation, and endocardial fibroelastosis. Histology showed prominent hypertrophic nuclear changes of cardiac myofibers and markedly increased myocyte mitotic activity including occasional atypical mitoses. Immunohistochemical staining for Mib1 showed a markedly increased proliferative index of 10% to 20%. Ancillary investigations, including molecular studies, did not reveal a primary cause for the cardiomyopathies. This distinctive dilated cardiomyopathy characterized by unusual histologic features of myocyte nuclear hypertrophy and marked mitotic activity is lethal in early infancy. Its occurrence in 2 pairs of siblings suggests familial inheritance. Although the underlying molecular pathogenesis remains to be elucidated, it is important to recognize this distinctive entity for purposes of genetic counseling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth T E Chang
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterised by left ventricular dilation that is associated with systolic dysfunction. Diastolic dysfunction and impaired right ventricular function can develop. Affected individuals are at risk of left or right ventricular failure, or both. Heart failure symptoms can be exercise-induced or persistent at rest. Many patients are asymptomatic. Chronically treated patients sometimes present acutely with decompensated heart failure. Other life-threatening risks are ventricular arrhythmias and atrioventricular block, syncope, and sudden death. Genetic inheritance arises in 30-48% of patients, and inflammatory disorders such as myocarditis or toxic effects from medications, alcohol, or illicit drugs also result in dilated cardiomyopathy. Genes that cause dilated cardiomyopathy generally encode cytoskeletal and sarcomeric (contractile apparatus) proteins, although disturbance of calcium homeostasis also seems to be important. In children, disrupted mitochondrial function and metabolic abnormalities have a causal role. Treatments focus on improvement of cardiac efficiency and reduction of mechanical stress. Arrhythmia therapy and prevention of sudden death continue to be mainstays of treatment. Despite progress over the past 10 years, outcomes need to be improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Lynn Jefferies
- Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xu T, Yang Z, Vatta M, Rampazzo A, Beffagna G, Pillichou K, Scherer SE, Saffitz J, Kravitz J, Zareba W, Danieli GA, Lorenzon A, Nava A, Bauce B, Thiene G, Basso C, Calkins H, Gear K, Marcus F, Towbin JA. Compound and digenic heterozygosity contributes to arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 55:587-97. [PMID: 20152563 PMCID: PMC2852685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2008] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to define the genetic basis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). BACKGROUND Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, characterized by right ventricular fibrofatty replacement and arrhythmias, causes sudden death. Autosomal dominant inheritance, reduced penetrance, and 7 desmosome-encoding causative genes are known. The basis of low penetrance is poorly understood. METHODS Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy probands and family members were enrolled, blood was obtained, lymphoblastoid cell lines were immortalized, deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of desmosome-encoding genes was performed, PCR products were sequenced, and diseased tissue samples were studied for intercellular junction protein distribution with confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and antibodies against key proteins. RESULTS We identified 21 variants in plakophilin-2 (PKP2) in 38 of 198 probands (19%), including missense, nonsense, splice site, and deletion/insertion mutations. Pedigrees showed wide intra-familial variability (severe early-onset disease to asymptomatic individuals). In 9 of 38 probands, PKP2 variants were identified that were encoded in trans (compound heterozygosity). The 38 probands hosting PKP2 variants were screened for other desmosomal genes mutations; second variants (digenic heterozygosity) were identified in 16 of 38 subjects with PKP2 variants (42%), including desmoplakin (DSP) (n = 6), desmoglein-2 (DSG2) (n = 5), plakophilin-4 (PKP4) (n = 1), and desmocollin-2 (DSC2) (n = 1). Heterozygous mutations in non-PKP 2 desmosomal genes occurred in 14 of 198 subjects (7%), including DSP (n = 4), DSG2 (n = 5), DSC2 (n = 3), and junctional plakoglobin (JUP) (n = 2). All variants occurred in conserved regions; none was identified in 700 ethnic-matched control subjects. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated abnormalities of protein architecture. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the genetic basis of ARVC includes reduced penetrance with compound and digenic heterozygosity. Disturbed junctional cytoarchitecture in subjects with desmosomal mutations confirms that ARVC is a disease of the desmosome and cell junction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Xu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Sciences), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics (Section of Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Matteo Vatta
- Department of Pediatrics (Section of Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Giorgia Beffagna
- Department of Pediatrics (Section of Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Biology, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Steven E. Scherer
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jeffrey Saffitz
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Joshua Kravitz
- Department of Pediatrics (Section of Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Wojciech Zareba
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | | | | | - Andrea Nava
- Department of Cardiothoracic-Vascular Sciences, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - Barbara Bauce
- Department of Cardiothoracic-Vascular Sciences, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - Gaetano Thiene
- Department of Medico-Diagnostic Sciences, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Basso
- Department of Medico-Diagnostic Sciences, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - Hugh Calkins
- Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and ARVD Program, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kathy Gear
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Frank Marcus
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Jeffrey A. Towbin
- The Heart Institute and Department of Pediatrics (Pediatric Cardiology), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li W, Lu M, Banerjee S, Zhong J, Ye A, Molter J, Yu X. Ex vivo diffusion tensor MRI reflects microscopic structural remodeling associated with aging and disease progression in normal and cardiomyopathic Syrian hamsters. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2009; 22:819-25. [PMID: 19434665 PMCID: PMC2849973 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in cardiac patients. Aging is often an ignored etiology of pathological conditions. Quantification of DCM and aging associated cardiac structural remodeling is important in guiding and evaluating therapeutic interventions. Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTMRI) has recently been used for nondestructive characterization of three-dimensional myofiber structure. In this study, we explored the potential of DTMRI in delineating microscopic structural remodeling in aging and DCM hearts. Six month (n = 10) and nine month old (n = 11) DCM (TO-2) hamsters and their age-matched controls (F1 beta) were characterized. Both aging and DCM hearts showed increased diffusivity and decreased diffusion anisotropy. DTMRI images of DCM hearts also revealed a subgroup of imaging pixels characterized by decreased radial diffusivity and increased FA. The location of these pixels showed qualitative agreement with regions of calcium deposition determined by X-ray CT imaging. Histological analysis confirmed expanded extracellular space in aging and DCM hearts as well as substantial calcium deposition in DCM hearts. These results suggest that DTMRI may provide a noninvasive technique to delineate structural remodeling associated with aging and DCM progression at the tissue and cellular level without the use of an exogenous contrast agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Suhanti Banerjee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jia Zhong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Allen Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Molter
- Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Correspondence to: X. Yu, Wickenden 430, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Friedrichs F, Zugck C, Rauch GJ, Ivandic B, Weichenhan D, Müller-Bardorff M, Meder B, El Mokhtari NE, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Hetzer R, Schäfer A, Schreiber S, Chen J, Neuhaus I, Ji R, Siemers NO, Frey N, Rottbauer W, Katus HA, Stoll M. HBEGF, SRA1, and IK: Three cosegregating genes as determinants of cardiomyopathy. Genome Res 2008; 19:395-403. [PMID: 19064678 DOI: 10.1101/gr.076653.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a disorder of the cardiac muscle, causes considerable morbidity and mortality and is one of the major causes of sudden cardiac death. Genetic factors play a role in the etiology and pathogenesis of DCM. Disease-associated genetic variations identified to date have been identified in single families or single sporadic patients and explain a minority of the etiology of DCM. We show that a 600-kb region of linkage disequilibrium (LD) on 5q31.2-3, harboring multiple genes, is associated with cardiomyopathy in three independent Caucasian populations (combined P-value = 0.00087). Functional assessment in zebrafish demonstrates that at least three genes, orthologous to loci in this LD block, HBEGF, IK, and SRA1, result independently in a phenotype of myocardial contractile dysfunction when their expression is reduced with morpholino antisense reagents. Evolutionary analysis across multiple vertebrate genomes suggests that this heart failure-associated LD block emerged by a series of genomic rearrangements across amphibian, avian, and mammalian genomes and is maintained as a cluster in mammals. Taken together, these observations challenge the simple notion that disease phenotypes can be traced to altered function of a single locus within a haplotype and suggest that a more detailed assessment of causality can be necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Friedrichs
- Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zheng M, Cheng H, Li X, Zhang J, Cui L, Ouyang K, Han L, Zhao T, Gu Y, Dalton ND, Bang ML, Peterson KL, Chen J. Cardiac-specific ablation of Cypher leads to a severe form of dilated cardiomyopathy with premature death. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 18:701-13. [PMID: 19028670 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddn400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data suggest a link between alterations/deficiencies in cytoskeletal proteins and the progression of cardiomyopathy and heart failure, although the molecular basis for this link remains unclear. Cypher/ZASP is a cytoskeletal protein localized in the sarcomeric Z-line. Mutations in its encoding gene have been identified in patients with isolated non-compaction of the left ventricular myocardium, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. To explore the role of Cypher in myocardium and to better understand molecular mechanisms by which mutations in cypher cause cardiomyopathy, we utilized a conditional approach to knockout Cypher, specially in either developing or adult myocardium. Cardiac-specific Cypher knockout (CKO) mice developed a severe form of DCM with disrupted cardiomyocyte ultrastructure and decreased cardiac function, which eventually led to death before 23 weeks of age. A similar phenotype was observed in inducible cardiac-specific CKO mice in which Cypher was specifically ablated in adult myocardium. In both cardiac-specific CKO models, ERK and Stat3 signaling pathways were augmented. Finally, we demonstrate the specific binding of Cypher's PDZ domain to the C-terminal region of both calsarcin-1 and myotilin within the Z-line. In conclusion, our studies suggest that (i) Cypher plays a pivotal role in maintaining adult cardiac structure and cardiac function through protein-protein interactions with other Z-line proteins, (ii) myocardial ablation of Cypher results in DCM with premature death and (iii) specific signaling pathways participate in Cypher mutant-mediated dysfunction of the heart, and may in concert facilitate the progression to heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zheng
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Milewicz DM, Guo DC, Tran-Fadulu V, Lafont AL, Papke CL, Inamoto S, Kwartler CS, Pannu H. Genetic Basis of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections: Focus on Smooth Muscle Cell Contractile Dysfunction. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2008; 9:283-302. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.genom.8.080706.092303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dianna M. Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030;
| | - Dong-Chuan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030;
| | - Van Tran-Fadulu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030;
| | - Andrea L. Lafont
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030;
| | - Christina L. Papke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030;
| | - Sakiko Inamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030;
| | - Carrie S. Kwartler
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030;
| | - Hariyadarshi Pannu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Missihoun C, Zisa D, Shabbir A, Lin H, Lee T. Myocardial oxidative stress, osteogenic phenotype, and energy metabolism are differentially involved in the initiation and early progression of delta-sarcoglycan-null cardiomyopathy. Mol Cell Biochem 2008; 321:45-52. [PMID: 18726675 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common cause of heart failure, and identification of early pathogenic events occurring prior to the onset of cardiac dysfunction is of mechanistic, diagnostic, and therapeutic importance. The work characterized early biochemical pathogenesis in TO2 strain hamsters lacking delta-sarcoglycan. Although the TO2 hamster heart exhibits normal function at 1 month of age (presymptomatic stage), elevated levels of myeloperoxidase, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, malondialdehyde, osteopontin, and alkaline phosphatase were evident, indicating the presence of inflammation, oxidative stress, and osteogenic phenotype. These changes were localized primarily to the myocardium. Derangement in energy metabolism was identified at the symptomatic stage (4 month), and is marked by attenuated activity and expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit, which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in aerobic glucose metabolism. Thus, this study illustrates differential involvement of oxidative stress, osteogenic phenotype, and glucose metabolism in the initiation and early progression of delta-sarcoglycan-null DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Comlan Missihoun
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Research in Cardiovascular Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Locate S, Colyer J, Gawler DJ, Walker JH. Annexin A6 at the cardiac myocyte sarcolemma--evidence for self-association and binding to actin. Cell Biol Int 2008; 32:1388-96. [PMID: 18782625 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2008.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Revised: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane of the heart muscle cell and its underlying cytoskeleton are vitally important to the function of the heart. Annexin A6 is a major cellular calcium and phospholipid binding protein. Here we show that annexin A6 copurifies with sarcolemma isolated from pig heart. Two pools of annexin A6 are present in the sarcolemma fraction, one dependent on calcium and one that resists extraction by the calcium chelator EGTA. Potential annexin A6 binding proteins in the sarcolemma fraction were identified using Far Western blotting. Two major annexin A6 binding proteins were identified as actin and annexin A6 itself. Annexin A6 bound to itself both in the presence and in the absence of calcium ions. Sites for self association were mapped by performing Western blots on proteolytic fragments of recombinant annexin A6. Annexin A6 bound preferentially not only to the N terminal fragment (domains I-IV, residues 1-352) but also to C-terminal fragments corresponding to domains V+VI and domains VII+VIII. Actin binding to annexin A6 was calcium-dependent and exclusively to the N-terminal fragment of annexin A6. A calcium-dependent complex of annexin A6 and actin may stabilize the cardiomyocyte sarcolemma during cell stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salma Locate
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Werner P, Raducha MG, Prociuk U, Sleeper MM, Van Winkle TJ, Henthorn PS. A novel locus for dilated cardiomyopathy maps to canine chromosome 8. Genomics 2008; 91:517-21. [PMID: 18442891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2008.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Revised: 03/07/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), the most common form of cardiomyopathy, often leads to heart failure and sudden death. While a substantial proportion of DCMs are inherited, mutations responsible for the majority of DCMs remain unidentified. A genome-wide linkage study was performed to identify the locus responsible for an autosomal recessive inherited form of juvenile DCM (JDCM) in Portuguese water dogs using 16 families segregating the disease. Results link the JDCM locus to canine chromosome 8 with two-point and multipoint lod scores of 10.8 and 14, respectively. The locus maps to a 3.9-Mb region, with complete syntenic homology to human chromosome 14, that contains no genes or loci known to be involved in the development of any type of cardiomyopathy. This discovery of a DCM locus with a previously unknown etiology will provide a new gene to examine in human DCM patients and a model for testing therapeutic approaches for heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Werner
- Section of Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical Studies-Philadelphia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6010, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
|
29
|
Han R, Bansal D, Miyake K, Muniz VP, Weiss RM, McNeil PL, Campbell KP. Dysferlin-mediated membrane repair protects the heart from stress-induced left ventricular injury. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:1805-13. [PMID: 17607357 PMCID: PMC1904311 DOI: 10.1172/jci30848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy is a life-threatening syndrome that can arise from a myriad of causes, but predisposition toward this malady is inherited in many cases. A number of inherited forms of dilated cardiomyopathy arise from mutations in genes that encode proteins involved in linking the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix, and disruption of this link renders the cell membrane more susceptible to injury. Membrane repair is an important cellular mechanism that animal cells have developed to survive membrane disruption. We have previously shown that dysferlin deficiency leads to defective membrane resealing in skeletal muscle and muscle necrosis; however, the function of dysferlin in the heart remains to be determined. Here, we demonstrate that dysferlin is also involved in cardiomyocyte membrane repair and that dysferlin deficiency leads to cardiomyopathy. In particular, stress exercise disturbs left ventricular function in dysferlin-null mice and increases Evans blue dye uptake in dysferlin-deficient cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, a combined deficiency of dystrophin and dysferlin leads to early onset cardiomyopathy. Our results suggest that dysferlin-mediated membrane repair is important for maintaining membrane integrity of cardiomyocytes, particularly under conditions of mechanical stress. Thus, our study establishes what we believe is a novel mechanism underlying the cardiomyopathy that results from a defective membrane repair in the absence of dysferlin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renzhi Han
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center,
Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics,
Department of Neurology, and
Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics and
Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dimple Bansal
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center,
Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics,
Department of Neurology, and
Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics and
Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Katsuya Miyake
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center,
Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics,
Department of Neurology, and
Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics and
Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Viviane P. Muniz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center,
Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics,
Department of Neurology, and
Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics and
Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert M. Weiss
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center,
Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics,
Department of Neurology, and
Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics and
Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Paul L. McNeil
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center,
Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics,
Department of Neurology, and
Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics and
Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kevin P. Campbell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center,
Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics,
Department of Neurology, and
Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics and
Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Congenital heart disease likely results from a complex mixture of environmental and genetic factors. Recent work has elucidated rare single gene mutations that cause a variety of cardiac defects, but the etiologies of more common disease remains unknown. Here, we review the known genetic causes of cardiac malformations and discuss future approaches for addressing sporadic congenital heart disease as a complex trait.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Ransom
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|