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Ruff CB, Wallace IJ, Abeyta-Brown A, Butler M, Busby T. Technical note: Prediction of body mass from stature and pelvic breadth. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024; 185:e25004. [PMID: 39056207 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.25004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Equations for predicting body mass from stature and bi-iliac (maximum pelvic) breadth have been developed, but have had variable success when applied to living or recently deceased individuals, calling into question their general applicability. Here we test these equations on a large, ethnically diverse sample. Skeletal and anthropometric data for 507 recently deceased Indigenous, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White adults were obtained from the New Mexico Decedent Image Database. The body mass of individuals with a "normal" body mass index (BMI = 18.5-24.9) is very accurately predicted, with an average directional bias of about 1% and an average random error of less than 8%. Underweight individuals (BMI < 18.5) are overpredicted, while overweight (BMI = 25-29.9) and especially obese (BMI≥30) individuals are underpredicted. Within BMI categories, there is a strong and isometric relationship between predicted and true body mass. Individual body mass prediction errors using the stature/bi-iliac method are mainly dependent on variation in BMI. Because earlier humans were more likely to fall within or close to the normal BMI range, the equations should be applicable, on an individual basis, in archeological and paleontological contexts. Because of the prevalence of obesity in many modern populations, these equations are not applicable in a general forensic context. We derive new equations from nonobese individuals in our sample (n = 338), which produce reasonable average prediction errors. If obese individuals can be identified using other skeletal parameters, these equations may be useful in estimating body mass in nonobese forensic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Ruff
- Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian J Wallace
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Amaya Abeyta-Brown
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Madison Butler
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Taylor Busby
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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2
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Proximal femur in biological profile estimation – Current knowledge and future directions. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2022; 58:102081. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2022.102081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Mongillo J, Vescovo G, Bramanti B. Belly fat or bloating? New insights into the physical appearance of St Anthony of Padua. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260505. [PMID: 34932567 PMCID: PMC8691610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the centuries, iconographic representations of St Anthony of Padua, one of the most revered saints in the Catholic world, have been inspired by literary sources, which described the Saint as either naturally corpulent or with a swollen abdomen due to dropsy (i.e. fluid accumulation in the body cavities). Even recent attempts to reconstruct the face of the Saint have yielded discordant results regarding his outward appearance. To address questions about the real appearance of St Anthony, we applied body mass estimation equations to the osteometric measurements taken in 1981, during the public recognition of the Saint's skeletal remains. Both the biomechanical and the morphometric approach were employed to solve some intrinsic limitations in the equations for body mass estimation from skeletal remains. The estimated body mass was used to assess the physique of the Saint with the body mass index. The outcomes of this investigation reveal interesting information about the body type of the Saint throughout his lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mongillo
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara c.so Ercole I d’Este n.32, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Vescovo
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara c.so Ercole I d’Este n.32, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Barbara Bramanti
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara c.so Ercole I d’Este n.32, Ferrara, Italy
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4
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Yim AD, Konigsberg LW, Hwa HL, Chang CC, Chen JY, Liu HM. Allometric scaling and growth: Evaluation and applications in subadult body mass estimation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 175:577-588. [PMID: 34002366 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previously developed methods in subadult body mass estimation have not been tested in populations other than European-American or African-American. This study uses a contemporary Taiwanese sample to test these methods. Through evaluating their accuracy and bias, we addressed whether the allometric relationships between body mass and skeletal traits commonly used in subadult body mass estimation are conserved among different populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Computed tomography scans of lower limbs from individuals aged 0-17 years old of both sexes were collected from National Taiwan University Hospital along with documented body weight. Polar second moment of area, distal femoral metaphyseal breadth, and maximum superior/inferior femoral head diameter were collected either directly from the scans or from reconstructed 3D models. Estimated body mass was compared with documented body mass to assess the performance of the equations. RESULTS Current methods provided good body mass estimates in Taiwanese individuals, with accuracy and bias similar to those reported in other validation studies. A tendency for increasing error with increasing age was observed for all methods. Reduced major axis regression showed the allometric relationships between different skeletal traits and body mass across different age categories can all be summarized using a common fitted line. A revised, maximum likelihood-based approach was proposed for all skeletal traits. DISCUSSION The results suggested that the allometric relationships between body mass and different skeletal traits are largely conserved among populations. The revised method provided improved applicability with strong underlying theoretical justifications, and potential for future improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Di Yim
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Lyle W Konigsberg
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Hsiao-Lin Hwa
- Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chen Chang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hon-Man Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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5
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Data mining for sex estimation based on cranial measurements. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 315:110441. [PMID: 32781389 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to develop effective and understandable classification models for sex estimation and to identify the most dimorphic linear measurements in adult crania by means of data mining techniques. Furthermore, machine learning models and models developed through logistic regression analysis are compared in terms of performance. Computed tomography scans of 393 adult individuals were used in the study. A landmark-based approach was applied to collect the metric data. The three-dimensional coordinates of 47 landmarks were acquired and used for calculation of linear measurements. Two datasets of cranial measurements were assembled, including 37standard measurements and 1081 interlandmark distances, respectively. Three data mining algorithms were applied: the rule induction algorithms JRIP and Ridor, and the decision tree algorithm J48. Two advanced attribute selection methods (Weka BestFirst and Weka GeneticSearch) were also used. The best accuracy result (91.9 %) was achieved by a set of rules learnt by the JRIP algorithm from the dataset constructed by application of the GeneticSearch selection algorithm to the dataset of standard cranial measurements. The set consisted of five rules including seven cranial measurements. Its accuracy was even better than the classification rates achieved by the logistic regression models. Concerning the second dataset of nonstandard measurements, the best accuracy (88.3 %) was obtained by using classification models learnt by two algorithms - JRIP with a dataset preprocessed by the BestFirst selection algorithm and Ridor with preprocessing by the GeneticSearch selection algorithm. Our experiments show that for the two datasets mentioned above the rule-based models contain smaller sets of rules with shorter lists of measurements and achieve better classification accuracy results in comparison with decision tree-based models.
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Korpinen N, Keisu A, Niinimäki J, Karppinen J, Niskanen M, Junno JA, Oura P. Body mass estimation from dimensions of the fourth lumbar vertebra in middle-aged Finns. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2019; 40:5-16. [PMID: 31279223 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although body mass is not a stable trait over the lifespan, information regarding body size assists the forensic identification of unknown individuals. In this study, we aimed to study the potential of using the fourth lumbar vertebra (L4) for body mass estimation among contemporary Finns. Our sample comprised 1158 individuals from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 who had undergone measurements of body mass at age 31 and 46 and lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at age 46. MRI scans were used to measure the maximum and minimum widths, depths, and heights of the L4 body. Their means and sum were calculated together with vertebral cross-sectional area (CSA) and volume. Ordinary least squares (OLS) and reduced major axis (RMA) regression was used to produce equations for body mass among the full sample (n = 1158) and among normal-weight individuals (n = 420). In our data, body mass was associated with all the L4 size parameters (R = 0.093-0.582, p ≤ 0.019 among the full sample; R = 0.243-0.696, p ≤ 0.002 among the normal-weight sample). RMA regression models seemed to fit the data better than OLS, with vertebral CSA having the highest predictive value in body mass estimation. In the full sample, the lowest standard errors were 6.1% (95% prediction interval ±9.6 kg) and 7.1% (±9.1 kg) among men and women, respectively. In the normal-weight sample, the lowest errors were 4.9% (±6.9 kg) and 4.7% (±5.7 kg) among men and women, respectively. Our results indicate that L4 dimensions are potentially useful in body mass estimation, especially in cases with only the axial skeleton available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Korpinen
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Asla Keisu
- Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaakko Niinimäki
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaro Karppinen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Aapistie 1, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku Niskanen
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juho-Antti Junno
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Petteri Oura
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.
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7
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Lacoste Jeanson A, Santos F, Villa C, Banner J, Brůžek J. Architecture of the femoral and tibial diaphyses in relation to body mass and composition: Research from whole-body CT scans of adult humans. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 167:813-826. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alizé Lacoste Jeanson
- Laboratory of 3D Imaging and Analytical Methods, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics; Charles University; Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Frédéric Santos
- PACEA, UMR 5199, CNRS; Université de Bordeaux, Bâtiment B8; Talence Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, CS 50023, Talence France
| | - Chiara Villa
- Section of Forensic Pathology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Jytte Banner
- Section of Forensic Pathology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Jaroslav Brůžek
- Laboratory of 3D Imaging and Analytical Methods, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics; Charles University; Praha 2 Czech Republic
- PACEA, UMR 5199, CNRS; Université de Bordeaux, Bâtiment B8; Talence Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, CS 50023, Talence France
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8
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Maijanen H, Jeong Y. Discrepancies between reported and cadaveric body size measurements associated with a modern donated skeletal collection. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2018; 69:86-97. [PMID: 30007497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Body mass and stature estimation methods used in biological anthropology require materials with known body size information. There are several types of body size data that can be associated with skeletal collections. However, discussion regarding the reliability and suitability of these types of information for anthropological research is scarce. This paper focuses on differences between reported and recorded cadaver weights and heights associated with a modern donated skeletal collection, similar to these commonly used in anthropological research. In addition, the study identifies factors that may influence these discrepancies. The results show statistically significant differences between reported and cadaver body size information. Generally, reported weights, statures and body mass indices (BMI) were greater compared to the cadaver information in this sample. However, potential effects on these discrepancies varied depending on sex and information type. Age was found to influence stature discrepancy in females, and donation type had an effect on the female weight discrepancy. The results also show that body size range (weight, stature and BMI) can contribute to these discrepancies. Even though the differences between reported and cadaver data may not be significant at the population level, the individual variation can cause misclassifications of individuals depending on the data used. This study encourages researchers using modern documented collections and their body size information to openly acknowledge the types of weight and stature data used and to discuss potential problems associated with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Maijanen
- University of Oulu, Archaeology, PO Box 1000, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - Y Jeong
- Middle Tennessee State University, Biology, PO Box 60, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
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Pomeroy E, Mushrif-Tripathy V, Kulkarni B, Kinra S, Stock JT, Cole TJ, Shirley MK, Wells JCK. Estimating body mass and composition from proximal femur dimensions using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2018; 11:2167-2179. [PMID: 31565085 PMCID: PMC6743672 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-018-0665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Body mass prediction from the skeleton most commonly employs femoral head diameter (FHD). However, theoretical predictions and empirical data suggest the relationship between mass and FHD is strongest in young adults, that bone dimensions reflect lean mass better than body or fat mass and that other femoral measurements may be superior. Here, we generate prediction equations for body mass and its components using femoral head, neck and proximal shaft diameters and body composition data derived from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of young adults (n = 155, 77 females and 78 males, mean age 22.7 ± 1.3 years) from the Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study, Hyderabad, India. Sex-specific regression of log-transformed data on femoral measurements predicted lean mass with smaller standard errors of estimate (SEEs) than body mass (12-14% and 16-17% respectively), while none of the femoral measurements were significant predictors of fat mass. Subtrochanteric mediolateral shaft diameter gave lower SEEs for lean mass in both sexes and for body mass in males than FHD, while FHD was a better predictor of body mass in women. Our results provide further evidence that lean mass is more closely related to proximal femur dimensions than body or fat mass and that proximal shaft diameter is a better predictor than FHD of lean but not always body mass. The mechanisms underlying these relationships have implications for selecting the most appropriate measurement and reference sample for estimating body or lean mass, which also depend on the question under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Pomeroy
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF UK
| | | | | | - Sanjay Kinra
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jay T. Stock
- ADaPt Project, PAVE Research Group, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim J. Cole
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK
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10
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Pomeroy E, Macintosh A, Wells JC, Cole TJ, Stock JT. Relationship between body mass, lean mass, fat mass, and limb bone cross-sectional geometry: Implications for estimating body mass and physique from the skeleton. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 166:56-69. [PMID: 29344931 PMCID: PMC6178563 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Estimating body mass from skeletal dimensions is widely practiced, but methods for estimating its components (lean and fat mass) are poorly developed. The ability to estimate these characteristics would offer new insights into the evolution of body composition and its variation relative to past and present health. This study investigates the potential of long bone cross-sectional properties as predictors of body, lean, and fat mass. MATERIALS AND METHODS Humerus, femur and tibia midshaft cross-sectional properties were measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography in sample of young adult women (n = 105) characterized by a range of activity levels. Body composition was estimated from bioimpedance analysis. RESULTS Lean mass correlated most strongly with both upper and lower limb bone properties (r values up to 0.74), while fat mass showed weak correlations (r ≤ 0.29). Estimation equations generated from tibial midshaft properties indicated that lean mass could be estimated relatively reliably, with some improvement using logged data and including bone length in the models (minimum standard error of estimate = 8.9%). Body mass prediction was less reliable and fat mass only poorly predicted (standard errors of estimate ≥11.9% and >33%, respectively). DISCUSSION Lean mass can be predicted more reliably than body mass from limb bone cross-sectional properties. The results highlight the potential for studying evolutionary trends in lean mass from skeletal remains, and have implications for understanding the relationship between bone morphology and body mass or composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Pomeroy
- School of Natural Sciences and PsychologyLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpool, L3 3AFUnited Kingdom
| | - Alison Macintosh
- ADaPt Project, PAVE Research Group, Department of Archaeology and AnthropologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, CB2 3QGUnited Kingdom
| | - Jonathan C.K. Wells
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondon, WC1N 1EHUnited Kingdom
| | - Tim J. Cole
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondon, WC1N 1EHUnited Kingdom
| | - Jay T. Stock
- ADaPt Project, PAVE Research Group, Department of Archaeology and AnthropologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, CB2 3QGUnited Kingdom
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntario, N6A 3K7Canada
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11
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Kacki S, Velemínský P, Lynnerup N, Kaupová S, Jeanson AL, Povýšil C, Horák M, Kučera J, Rasmussen KL, Podliska J, Dragoun Z, Smolík J, Vellev J, Brůžek J. Rich table but short life: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis in Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) and its possible consequences. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195920. [PMID: 29672561 PMCID: PMC5909615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The exhumation of Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe (1546–1601) was performed in 2010 to verify speculative views on the cause of his death. Previous analyses of skeletal and hair remains recovered from his grave refuted the presumption that he died from poisoning. These studies also outlined the possibility that he actually died from an acute illness, echoing the rather vague and inaccurate testimony of some historical records. We performed a detailed paleopathological analysis of Tycho Brahe’s skeletal remains, along with a reconstruction of his diet based on carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes analysis and an estimate of his physical status (relative body fat) based on medullar and cortical dimensions of the femoral shaft. The astronomer’s remains exhibit bone changes indicative of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). The study further allows us to classify him as obese (100% reliability according to our decision tree designed from Danish males), and points out his rich diet (high input of animal protein and/or marine resources) and high social status. Comorbidities of DISH and obesity are reviewed, and their influence on health status is discussed. We further consider some conditions associated with metabolic syndrome as possible causes of Tycho Brahe’s final symptoms (urinary retention, renal failure and coma), including diabetes, alcoholic ketoacidosis and benign prostatic hypertrophy. Although a definite and specific diagnosis cannot be established, our study points to today’s civilization diseases often associated with DISH and metabolic syndrome as the possible cause of death of Tycho Brahe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Kacki
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
- PACEA–UMR 5199, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Petr Velemínský
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Niels Lynnerup
- Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sylva Kaupová
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alizé Lacoste Jeanson
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ctibor Povýšil
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Horák
- Department of Radiology, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kučera
- Nuclear Physics Institute of Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Kaare Lund Rasmussen
- Institute of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jaroslav Podliska
- Department of Archaeology, National Heritage Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Dragoun
- Department of Archaeology, National Heritage Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Smolík
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jens Vellev
- Department of Culture and Society–Section for Medieval and Renaissance Archaeology, Aarhus University, Højbjerg, Denmark
| | - Jaroslav Brůžek
- PACEA–UMR 5199, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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12
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Lacoste Jeanson A, Santos F, Dupej J, Velemínská J, Brůžek J. Sex-specific functional adaptation of the femoral diaphysis to body composition. Am J Hum Biol 2018; 30:e23123. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alizé Lacoste Jeanson
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences; Charles University - Viničná 7; 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Frédéric Santos
- PACEA, UMR 5199, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux - Bâtiment B8, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, CS 50023; F-33 400 Talence France
| | - Ján Dupej
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences; Charles University - Viničná 7; 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
- Department of Software and Computer Science Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics; Charles University - Malostranske Namestí 25, 118 00 Prague 1, Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jana Velemínská
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences; Charles University - Viničná 7; 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Brůžek
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences; Charles University - Viničná 7; 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
- Department of Software and Computer Science Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics; Charles University - Malostranske Namestí 25, 118 00 Prague 1, Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
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13
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Schaffer WC, Dunn TE. Accuracy and Reliability of Total Body Mass Estimation Techniques from Stature and Bi-iliac Breadth in Non-Hispanic U.S. Whites from the Bass Donated Skeletal Collection. J Forensic Sci 2017; 63:1486-1491. [PMID: 29272559 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper tests the fidelity of a recent method that used the NHANES III dataset as a proxy to estimate total body mass from stature and bi-iliac breadth in U.S. White males and females. The bi-iliac breadths of 230 males and 152 females identified as non-Hispanic U.S. White from the Bass Donated Skeletal Collection were measured, and along with stature from predonor paperwork, total body mass estimates were calculated and then compared to body masses recorded on predonor paperwork. Male and female samples were subdivided by body mass index (BMI [kg/m2 ]) categories established by the World Health Organization. Our results suggest that total body mass estimates can be accurately assessed provided that the individual is within 18.50 ≤ BMI ≤ 29.99 for White males and 18.50 ≤ BMI ≤ 24.99 for White females. Recommendations on how to report total body mass estimates are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Schaffer
- Liberal Arts Department, Phoenix College, 1202 W. Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85013.,School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, 900 S. Cady Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281
| | - Tyler E Dunn
- Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency Laboratory, Offutt Air Force Base, Omaha, NE, 68113.,Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 109 Davenport Hall, Urbana, IL, 61801
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14
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Lacoste Jeanson A, Santos F, Villa C, Dupej J, Lynnerup N, Brůžek J. Body mass estimation from the skeleton: An evaluation of 11 methods. Forensic Sci Int 2017; 281:183.e1-183.e8. [PMID: 29174051 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Estimating an individual body mass (BM) from the skeleton is a challenge for forensic anthropology. However, identifying someone's BMI (Body Mass Index) category, i.e. underweight, normal, overweight or obese, could contribute to identification. Individual BM is also known to influence the age-at-death estimation from the skeleton. Several methods are regularly used by both archaeologists and forensic practitioners to estimate individual BM. The most commonly used methods are based on femoral head breadth, or stature and bi-iliac breadth. However, those methods have been created from mean population BMs and are therefore meant to estimate the average BM of a population. Being that they are based on individual BM data and estimated femoral cortical areas, the newest published methods are supposed to be more accurate. We evaluated the accuracy and reliability of the most commonly used and most recent BM estimation methods (n=11) on a sample of 64 individuals. Both sexes and all BMI categories are represented, as well as a wide range of BM. Ages in this sample range from 20 to 87 years of age. Absolute and real differences between actual BM and estimated BM were assessed; they determined the accuracy for individual BM estimation and for average BM estimation of a population, respectively. The proportion of the sample whose estimated BM falls within ±10% and ±20% of their actual BM determines the reliability of the methods in our sample for, respectively, individual BM estimation and average BM of a population. The tested methods result in an absolute difference of 11kg-26kg±10kg with regards to prediction of individuals actual BM. The real differences are very variable from method to method, ranging from -14kg to 25kg. None of the tested methods is able to estimate BM of half of the sample within ±10% of their actual BM but most of them can estimate BM of more than half of the sample within ±20% of their actual BM. The errors increase with increasing BM, demonstrating a bias in all the methods. No bone variable tested correlated with BM. BMI categories were correctly predicted for less than 50% of the sample in most cases. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the 11 methods tested are not suited for estimating individual BM or for predicting BMI categories. However, they are accurate and reliable enough for estimating the average BM of a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alizé Lacoste Jeanson
- Charles University, Laboratory of 3D Imaging and Analytical Methods, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Frédéric Santos
- Université de Bordeaux, PACEA, UMR 5199, CNRS - Bâtiment B8, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, CS 50023, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Chiara Villa
- University of Copenhagen, Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Frederik d. 5.'s Vej 11, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ján Dupej
- Charles University, Laboratory of 3D Imaging and Analytical Methods, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Charles University, Department of Software and Computer Science Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Malostranské Náměstí 25, 118 00 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Niels Lynnerup
- University of Copenhagen, Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Frederik d. 5.'s Vej 11, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jaroslav Brůžek
- Charles University, Laboratory of 3D Imaging and Analytical Methods, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Université de Bordeaux, PACEA, UMR 5199, CNRS - Bâtiment B8, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, CS 50023, F-33400 Talence, France
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15
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Paschall A, Ross AH. Bone mineral density and wounding capacity of handguns: implications for estimation of caliber. Int J Legal Med 2016; 131:161-166. [PMID: 27448571 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-016-1420-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Methodologies that improve estimation of caliber from cranial bone defects are necessary to meet the ever increasing admissibility standards. The relationship between caliber, wound diameter, and bone mineral density (BMD) was examined. The formation of the permanent cavity is influenced by bullet yaw, velocity, distance, and tissue properties. The hypothesis was that including BMD, wound diameter could be explained by differences in caliber. The sample consists of 68 autopsy sections and 101 specimens from Phelps (1898). A subsample of 18 was scanned using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) for BMD measurement to test whether an increase in BMD affects wound diameter. Pearson product-moment correlations of the subsample indicate the strongest correlation is between BMD and minimum diameter (r = 0.7101), followed by a correlation between minimum diameter and caliber (r = 0.6854). Despite the previous use of thickness as a proxy for BMD, no correlation was found between BMD and thickness (r = 0.0143). A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) detected a significant influence of BMD and minimum diameter on caliber size (Prob > F = 0.0003). The logistic regression shows that caliber can be estimated from minimum diameter. Using the subsample, the results show that the inclusion of BMD strengthens the model for estimating caliber from entrance gunshot defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Paschall
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 112 Derieux Place, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA
| | - Ann H Ross
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 112 Derieux Place, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7614, USA.
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16
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Wheeler RL, Hampton AD, Langley NR. The effects of body mass index and age on cross-sectional properties of the femoral neck. Clin Anat 2015; 28:1048-57. [DOI: 10.1002/ca.22632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Wheeler
- Department of Anatomy; Lincoln Memorial University-DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Harrogate; Tennessee
| | - Aaron D. Hampton
- Department of Anatomy; Lincoln Memorial University-DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Harrogate; Tennessee
| | - Natalie R. Langley
- Department of Anatomy; Lincoln Memorial University-DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Harrogate; Tennessee
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17
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Frank EM, Mundorff AZ, Davoren JM. The effect of common imaging and hot water maceration on DNA recovery from skeletal remains. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 257:189-195. [PMID: 26363441 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Identifying human remains often begins with cleaning and imaging the material. Hot water maceration is used to remove adherent soft tissue from bone and radiographs are taken to better visualize osseous details. Heat and radiation are known to have harmful effects on DNA, but their ability to degrade DNA when used for cleaning and imaging has not been well studied. To better understand their individual and combined effects on the recoverability of DNA from bone, skeletal samples were subjected to (1) hot water maceration (62 °C for 45 min); (2) CT scanning (0.6mm slices, 120 kV, 10.4s); (3) X-ray (50 kVp, 150 mA, 0.03 s, 40 in); and (4) all 3 treatments combined. Forty-eight DNA samples were extracted, quantified and amplified with the AmpFLSTR(®) Identifiler(®) system. Nearly all of the processed samples had reduced RFU values relative to the unprocessed samples, indicating some amount of genetic loss. This loss did not always translate into loss of profile completeness, since only a few samples had a reduction in the number of loci detected after processing. DNA yields were not significantly reduced by any one of the processing methods, however the results indicate that the damaging effects are additive. It is possible that processing may reduce a bone's DNA reservoir and as more procedures are preformed, the pool of available genetic information might be diminished. Many intrinsic and extrinsic factors can affect the recoverability of DNA from bone. Collecting a DNA sample prior to processing avoids the negative effects from hot water maceration and radiological imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie M Frank
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Tennessee, 250 South Stadium Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996-0720, USA
| | - Amy Z Mundorff
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Tennessee, 250 South Stadium Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996-0720, USA.
| | - Jon M Davoren
- Bode Technology Group Inc., 10430 Furnace Rd. #107, Lorton, VA 22079, USA
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18
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Savall F, Faruch-Bilfeld M, Dedouit F, Sans N, Rousseau H, Rougé D, Telmon N. Metric Sex Determination of the Human Coxal Bone on a Virtual Sample using Decision Trees. J Forensic Sci 2015; 60:1395-400. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Savall
- Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie AMIS; UMR 5288 CNRS; Université Paul Sabatier; 37 allées Jules Guesde 31000 Toulouse France
- Service de Médecine Légale; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangueil; avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhès 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Marie Faruch-Bilfeld
- Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie AMIS; UMR 5288 CNRS; Université Paul Sabatier; 37 allées Jules Guesde 31000 Toulouse France
- Service de Radiologie; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Purpan; place du docteur Baylac 31059 Toulouse France
| | - Fabrice Dedouit
- Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie AMIS; UMR 5288 CNRS; Université Paul Sabatier; 37 allées Jules Guesde 31000 Toulouse France
- Service de Médecine Légale; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangueil; avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhès 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
- Service de Radiologie; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangueil; avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhès 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Nicolas Sans
- Service de Radiologie; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Purpan; place du docteur Baylac 31059 Toulouse France
| | - Hervé Rousseau
- Service de Radiologie; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangueil; avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhès 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Daniel Rougé
- Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie AMIS; UMR 5288 CNRS; Université Paul Sabatier; 37 allées Jules Guesde 31000 Toulouse France
- Service de Médecine Légale; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangueil; avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhès 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Norbert Telmon
- Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie AMIS; UMR 5288 CNRS; Université Paul Sabatier; 37 allées Jules Guesde 31000 Toulouse France
- Service de Médecine Légale; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangueil; avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhès 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
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19
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Wescott DJ, Drew JL. Effect of obesity on the reliability of age-at-death indicators of the pelvis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 156:595-605. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Wescott
- Department of Anthropology, Forensic Anthropology Center at Texas State (FACTS); Texas State University; San Marcos TX 78666
| | - Jessica L. Drew
- Department of Anthropology; Florida Atlantic University; Boca Raton FL 33431
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20
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Harrington KI, Wescott DJ. Size and shape differences in the distal femur and proximal tibia between normal weight and obese American Whites. J Forensic Sci 2014; 60 Suppl 1:S32-8. [PMID: 25274066 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study tests for differences in articular and diaphyseal size and shape of the distal femur and proximal tibia between normal weight and obese individuals, and discusses the effects of obesity on the patterns of sexual dimorphism and secular change in the skeletal morphology of the knee. Measurements of the femur and tibia were recorded for 143 American White adult males and females born in the 20th century. The sample was divided into normal and obese weight categories based on the body mass index. Results show differences between normal weight and obese individuals in the size and shape of the femoral shaft and the medial side of the knee joint, none of which affect the pattern of sexual dimorphism. While changes in skeletal morphology associated with obesity may be observed in recent secular changes, its role is still unclear because of the relatively recent increase in obesity prevalence.
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21
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Merritt CE. The influence of body size on adult skeletal age estimation methods. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 156:35-57. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Sex estimation from the tarsal bones in a Portuguese sample: a machine learning approach. Int J Legal Med 2014; 129:651-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-014-1070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Hefner JT, Ousley SD. Statistical Classification Methods for Estimating Ancestry Using Morphoscopic Traits,. J Forensic Sci 2014; 59:883-90. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T. Hefner
- Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command, Central Identification Laboratory; 310 Worchester Ave. BLDG 45, Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam HI 96853-5530
| | - Stephen D. Ousley
- Department of Anthropology/Archaeology; Mercyhurst University; 501 E 38th St., Erie PA 16546
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24
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Bethard JD, Seet BL. Sex Determination from the Second Cervical Vertebra: A Test of Wescott’s Method on a Modern American Sample*. J Forensic Sci 2012; 58:101-3. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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