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Dedukh D, Altmanová M, Klíma J, Kratochvíl L. Premeiotic endoreplication is essential for obligate parthenogenesis in geckos. Development 2022; 149:274975. [PMID: 35388415 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Obligate parthenogenesis evolved in reptiles convergently several times, mainly through interspecific hybridization. The obligate parthenogenetic complexes typically include both diploid and triploid lineages. Offspring of parthenogenetic hybrids are genetic copies of their mother; however, the cellular mechanism enabling the production of unreduced cells is largely unknown. Here, we show that oocytes go through meiosis in three widespread, or even strongly invasive, obligate parthenogenetic complexes of geckos, namely in diploid and triploid Lepidodactylus lugubris, and triploid Hemiphyllodactylus typus and Heteronotia binoei. In all four lineages, the majority of oocytes enter the pachytene at the original ploidy level, but their chromosomes cannot pair properly and instead form univalents, bivalents and multivalents. Unreduced eggs with clonally inherited genomes are formed from germ cells that had undergone premeiotic endoreplication, in which appropriate segregation is ensured by the formation of bivalents made from copies of identical chromosomes. We conclude that the induction of premeiotic endoreplication in reptiles was independently co-opted at least four times as an essential component of parthenogenetic reproduction and that this mechanism enables the emergence of fertile polyploid lineages within parthenogenetic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrij Dedukh
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Altmanová
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21, Liběchov, Czech Republic.,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Klíma
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Kratochvíl
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
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2
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Dedukh D, Krasikova A. Delete and survive: strategies of programmed genetic material elimination in eukaryotes. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:195-216. [PMID: 34542224 PMCID: PMC9292451 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genome stability is a crucial feature of eukaryotic organisms because its alteration drastically affects the normal development and survival of cells and the organism as a whole. Nevertheless, some organisms can selectively eliminate part of their genomes from certain cell types during specific stages of ontogenesis. This review aims to describe the phenomenon of programmed DNA elimination, which includes chromatin diminution (together with programmed genome rearrangement or DNA rearrangements), B and sex chromosome elimination, paternal genome elimination, parasitically induced genome elimination, and genome elimination in animal and plant hybrids. During programmed DNA elimination, individual chromosomal fragments, whole chromosomes, and even entire parental genomes can be selectively removed. Programmed DNA elimination occurs independently in different organisms, ranging from ciliate protozoa to mammals. Depending on the sequences destined for exclusion, programmed DNA elimination may serve as a radical mechanism of dosage compensation and inactivation of unnecessary or dangerous genetic entities. In hybrids, genome elimination results from competition between parental genomes. Despite the different consequences of DNA elimination, all genetic material destined for elimination must be first recognised, epigenetically marked, separated, and then removed and degraded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrij Dedukh
- Saint‐Petersburg State University7/9 Universitetskaya EmbankmentSaint‐Petersburg199034Russia
| | - Alla Krasikova
- Saint‐Petersburg State University7/9 Universitetskaya EmbankmentSaint‐Petersburg199034Russia
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3
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Kuroda M, Shibata K, Fujimoto T, Murakami M, Yamaha E, Arai K. FISH Identifies Chromosome Differentiation Between Contemporary Genomes of Wild Types and the Ancestral Genome of Unisexual Clones of Dojo Loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. Cytogenet Genome Res 2021; 161:178-186. [PMID: 33971659 DOI: 10.1159/000515107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In dojo loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus), although most wild types are gonochoristic diploids that are genetically differentiated into 2 groups, A and B, clonal lineages appear in certain localities. Clonal loaches have been considered to have hybrid origins between the 2 groups by a series of genetic studies. In this study, using FISH with a newly developed probe (ManDra-A), we identified 26 (1 pair of metacentric and 12 pairs of telocentric chromosomes) of 50 diploid chromosomes in contemporary wild-type group A loach. In contrast, ManDra-A signals were not detected on metacentric chromosomes derived from the ancestral group A of clonal loach. The FISH results clearly showed the presence of certain differentiations in metacentric chromosomes between ancestral and contemporary group A loach. Two-color FISH with ManDra-A and group B-specific ManDra (renamed ManDra-B) probes reconfirmed the hybrid origin of clones by identifying chromosomes from both groups A and B in metaphases. Our results showed the hybrid origin of clonally reproducing fish and the possibility that chromosomal differentiation between ancestral and contemporary fish can affect gametogenesis. In meiotic spermatocytes of sex-reversed clones, ManDra-A, and not ManDra-B, signals were detected in 12 out of 50 bivalents. Thus, the results further support the previous conclusion that clonal gametogenesis was assured by pairing between sister chromosomes duplicated from each ancestral chromosome from group A or B. Our study deepens the knowledge about the association between clonality and hybridity in unisexual vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Kuroda
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan.,Department of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri, Japan
| | - Kiko Shibata
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
| | | | - Masaru Murakami
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Etsuro Yamaha
- Nanae Freshwater Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Nanae, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Arai
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan.,Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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4
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Majtánová Z, Dedukh D, Choleva L, Adams M, Ráb P, Unmack PJ, Ezaz T. Uniparental Genome Elimination in Australian Carp Gudgeons. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:6137838. [PMID: 33591327 PMCID: PMC8245195 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metazoans usually reproduce sexually, blending the unique identity of parental genomes for the next generation through functional crossing-over and recombination in meiosis. However, some metazoan lineages have evolved reproductive systems where offspring are either full (clonal) or partial (hemiclonal) genetic replicas. In the latter group, the process of uniparental genome elimination selectively eliminates either the maternal or paternal genome from germ cells, and only one parental genome is selected for transmission. Although fairly common in plants, hybridogenesis (i.e., clonal haploidization via chromosome elimination) remains a poorly understood process in animals. Here, we explore the proximal cytogenomic mechanisms of somatic and germ cell chromosomes in sexual and hybrid genotypes of Australian carp gudgeons (Hypseleotris) by tracing the fate of each set during mitosis (in somatic tissues) and meiosis (in gonads). Our comparative study of diploid hybrid and sexual individuals revealed visually functional gonads in male and female hybrid genotypes and generally high karyotype variability, although the number of chromosome arms remains constant. Our results delivered direct evidence for classic hybridogenesis as a reproductive mode in carp gudgeons. Two parental sets with integral structure in the hybrid soma (the F1 constitution) contrasted with uniparental chromosomal inheritance detected in gonads. The inheritance mode happens through premeiotic genome duplication of the parental genome to be transmitted, whereas the second parental genome is likely gradually eliminated already in juvenile individuals. The role of metacentric chromosomes in hybrid evolution is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Majtánová
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitrij Dedukh
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Choleva
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Mark Adams
- Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Petr Ráb
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Peter J Unmack
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Tariq Ezaz
- Centre for Conservation Ecology and Genetics, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, ACT, Australia
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5
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Dalziel AC, Tirbhowan S, Drapeau HF, Power C, Jonah LS, Gbotsyo YA, Dion‐Côté A. Using asexual vertebrates to study genome evolution and animal physiology: Banded ( Fundulus diaphanus) x Common Killifish ( F. heteroclitus) hybrid lineages as a model system. Evol Appl 2020; 13:1214-1239. [PMID: 32684956 PMCID: PMC7359844 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild, asexual, vertebrate hybrids have many characteristics that make them good model systems for studying how genomes evolve and epigenetic modifications influence animal physiology. In particular, the formation of asexual hybrid lineages is a form of reproductive incompatibility, but we know little about the genetic and genomic mechanisms by which this mode of reproductive isolation proceeds in animals. Asexual lineages also provide researchers with the ability to produce genetically identical individuals, enabling the study of autonomous epigenetic modifications without the confounds of genetic variation. Here, we briefly review the cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to asexual reproduction in vertebrates and the known genetic and epigenetic consequences of the loss of sex. We then specifically discuss what is known about asexual lineages of Fundulus diaphanus x F. heteroclitus to highlight gaps in our knowledge of the biology of these clones. Our preliminary studies of F. diaphanus and F. heteroclitus karyotypes from Porter's Lake (Nova Scotia, Canada) agree with data from other populations, suggesting a conserved interspecific chromosomal arrangement. In addition, genetic analyses suggest that: (a) the same major clonal lineage (Clone A) of F. diaphanus x F. heteroclitus has remained dominant over the past decade, (b) some minor clones have also persisted, (c) new clones may have recently formed, and iv) wild clones still mainly descend from F. diaphanus ♀ x F. heteroclitus ♂ crosses (96% in 2017-2018). These data suggest that clone formation may be a relatively rare, but continuous process, and there are persistent environmental or genetic factors causing a bias in cross direction. We end by describing our current research on the genomic causes and consequences of a transition to asexuality and the potential physiological consequences of epigenetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Svetlana Tirbhowan
- Department of BiologySaint Mary's UniversityHalifaxNSCanada
- Département de biologieUniversité de MonctonMonctonNBCanada
| | | | - Claude Power
- Département de biologieUniversité de MonctonMonctonNBCanada
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6
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Micronuclei in germ cells of hybrid frogs from Pelophylax esculentus complex contain gradually eliminated chromosomes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8720. [PMID: 32457346 PMCID: PMC7251083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64977-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In most organisms, cells typically maintain genome integrity, as radical genome reorganization leads to dramatic consequences. However, certain organisms, ranging from unicellular ciliates to vertebrates, are able to selectively eliminate specific parts of their genome during certain stages of development. Moreover, partial or complete elimination of one of the parental genomes occurs in interspecies hybrids reproducing asexually. Although several examples of this phenomenon are known, the molecular and cellular processes involved in selective elimination of genetic material remain largely undescribed for the majority of such organisms. Here, we elucidate the process of selective genome elimination in water frog hybrids from the Pelophylax esculentus complex reproducing through hybridogenesis. Specifically, in the gonads of diploid and triploid hybrids, but not those of the parental species, we revealed micronuclei in the cytoplasm of germ cells. In each micronucleus, only one centromere was detected with antibodies against kinetochore proteins, suggesting that each micronucleus comprises a single chromosome. Using 3D-FISH with species-specific centromeric probe, we determined the role of micronuclei in selective genome elimination. We found that in triploid LLR hybrids, micronuclei preferentially contain P. ridibundus chromosomes, while in diploid hybrids, micronuclei preferentially contain P. lessonae chromosomes. The number of centromere signals in the nuclei suggested that germ cells were aneuploid until they eliminate the whole chromosomal set of one of the parental species. Furthermore, in diploid hybrids, misaligned P. lessonae chromosomes were observed during the metaphase stage of germ cells division, suggesting their possible elimination due to the inability to attach to the spindle and segregate properly. Additionally, we described gonocytes with an increased number of P. ridibundus centromeres, indicating duplication of the genetic material. We conclude that selective genome elimination from germ cells of diploid and triploid hybrids occurs via the gradual elimination of individual chromosomes of one of the parental genomes, which are enclosed within micronuclei.
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Suzuki S, Miyake S, Arai K, Munehara H. Unisexual hybrids break through an evolutionary dead end by two-way backcrossing. Evolution 2020; 74:392-403. [PMID: 31873961 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Unisexual vertebrates (i.e., those produced through clonal or hemiclonal reproduction) are typically incapable of purging deleterious mutations, and, as a result, are considered short-lived in evolutionary terms. In hemiclonal reproduction (hybridogenesis), one parental genome is eliminated during oogenesis, producing haploid eggs containing the genome of a single parent. Hemiclonal hybrids are usually produced by backcrossing hemiclonal hybrids with males of the paternal species. When hemiclonal hybrids from a genus of greenlings (Hexagrammos) are crossed with males of the maternal species, the progeny are phenotypically similar to the maternal species and produce recombinant gametes by regular meiosis. The present study was conducted to determine if the hemiclonal genome is returned to the gene pool of the maternal species in the wild. Using a specific cytogenetic marker to discriminate between such progeny and the maternal species, we observed that Hexagrammos hybrids mated with maternal and paternal ancestors at the same frequency. This two-way backcrossing in which clonal genomes are returned to the gene pool where they can undergo recombination plays an important role in increasing the genetic variability of the hemiclonal genome and reducing the extinction risk. In this way, hybrid lineages may have survived longer than predicted through occasional recombinant generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Suzuki
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.,Usujiri Fisheries Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-1613, Japan
| | - Shota Miyake
- Tokyo Metropolitan Ogasawara Fisheries Center, Tokyo, 100-2101, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Arai
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Munehara
- Usujiri Fisheries Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-1613, Japan
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8
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Abstract
The absence of a paternal contribution in an unfertilized ovum presents two developmental constraints against the evolution of parthenogenesis. We discuss the constraint caused by the absence of a centrosome and the one caused by the missing set of chromosomes and how they have been broken in specific taxa. They are examples of only a few well-underpinned examples of developmental constraints acting at macro-evolutionary scales in animals. Breaking of the constraint of the missing chromosomes is the best understood and generally involves rare occasions of drastic changes of meiosis. These drastic changes can be best explained by having been induced, or at least facilitated, by sudden cytological events (e.g., repeated rounds of hybridization, endosymbiont infections, and contagious infections). Once the genetic and developmental machinery is in place for regular or obligate parthenogenesis, shifts to other types of parthenogenesis can apparently rather easily evolve, for example, from facultative to obligate parthenogenesis, or from pseudoarrhenotoky to haplodiploidy. We argue that the combination of the two developmental constraints forms a near-absolute barrier against the gradual evolution from sporadic to obligate or regular facultative parthenogenesis, which can probably explain why the occurrence of the highly advantageous mode of regular facultative parthenogenesis is so rare and entirely absent in vertebrates.
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9
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Quilodrán CS, Currat M, Montoya-Burgos JI. Effect of hybridization with genome exclusion on extinction risk. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2018; 32:1139-1149. [PMID: 29691912 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced habitat changes may lead to the breakdown of reproductive barriers between distantly related species. This phenomenon may result in fertile first-generation hybrids (F1 ) that exclude the genome of one parental species during gametogenesis, thus disabling introgression. The species extinction risk associated with hybridization with genome exclusion is largely underappreciated because the phenomenon produces only F1 hybrid phenotype, leading to the misconception that hybrids are sterile and potentially of minor conservation concern. We used a simulation model that integrates the main genetic, demographic, and ecological processes to examine the dynamics of hybridization with genome exclusion. We showed that this mode of hybridization may lead to extremely rapid extinction when the process of genome exclusion is unbalanced between the interbreeding species and when the hybridization rate is not negligible. The coexistence of parental species was possible in some cases of asymmetrical genome exclusion, but show this equilibrium was highly vulnerable to environmental variation. Expanding the exclusive habitat of the species at risk allowed its persistence. Our results highlight the extent of possible extinction risk due to hybridization with genome exclusion and suggest habitat management as a promising conservation strategy. In anticipation of serious threats to biodiversity due to hybridization with genome exclusion, we recommend a detailed assessment of the reproductive status of hybrids in conservation programs. We suggest such assessments include the inspection of genetic content in hybrid gametes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio S Quilodrán
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History, Anthropology Unit, Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution, Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, OX1 3PS, U.K
| | - Mathias Currat
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History, Anthropology Unit, Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (IGE3), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Juan I Montoya-Burgos
- Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution, Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (IGE3), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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10
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The programmed DNA elimination and formation of micronuclei in germ line cells of the natural hybridogenetic water frog Pelophylax esculentus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7870. [PMID: 29777142 PMCID: PMC5959867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA elimination is a radical form of gene silencing and occurs both in somatic and germ cells. The programmed DNA elimination occurs during gametogenesis in interspecies hybrids that reproduce by hybridogenesis (stick insects, fishes, and amphibians) and concerns removal of whole genomes of one of the parental species and production of clonal gametes propagating the genome of the other species. The cellular mechanisms differ considerably in hybridogenetic insects and fishes but remains unknown in edible frogs Pelophylax esculentus, natural hybrids between Pelophylax lessonae and Pelophylax ridibundus. Here we report DNA elimination mechanism in early developing gonads of diploid and triploid hybrid frogs, studied by TEM, immunofluorescence, and cytochemistry. In gonocytes of both sexes (primary oogonia and prespermatogonia), micronuclei emerge as detached nuclear buds formed during interphase. We found depletion of nuclear pore complexes in micronuclear membrane and chromatin inactivation via heterochromatinization followed by degradation of micronuclei by autophagy. Micronuclei formation does not lead to apoptotic cell death showing that genome elimination is a physiological process. Chromatin elimination via micronuclei in P. esculentus is unique among hybridogenetic animals and contributes to broadening the knowledge about reproductive modes in animals.
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Janko K, Pačes J, Wilkinson‐Herbots H, Costa RJ, Roslein J, Drozd P, Iakovenko N, Rídl J, Hroudová M, Kočí J, Reifová R, Šlechtová V, Choleva L. Hybrid asexuality as a primary postzygotic barrier between nascent species: On the interconnection between asexuality, hybridization and speciation. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:248-263. [PMID: 28987005 PMCID: PMC6849617 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although sexual reproduction is ubiquitous throughout nature, the molecular machinery behind it has been repeatedly disrupted during evolution, leading to the emergence of asexual lineages in all eukaryotic phyla. Despite intensive research, little is known about what causes the switch from sexual reproduction to asexuality. Interspecific hybridization is one of the candidate explanations, but the reasons for the apparent association between hybridization and asexuality remain unclear. In this study, we combined cross-breeding experiments with population genetic and phylogenomic approaches to reveal the history of speciation and asexuality evolution in European spined loaches (Cobitis). Contemporary species readily hybridize in hybrid zones, but produce infertile males and fertile but clonally reproducing females that cannot mediate introgressions. However, our analysis of exome data indicates that intensive gene flow between species has occurred in the past. Crossings among species with various genetic distances showed that, while distantly related species produced asexual females and sterile males, closely related species produce sexually reproducing hybrids of both sexes. Our results suggest that hybridization leads to sexual hybrids at the initial stages of speciation, but as the species diverge further, the gradual accumulation of reproductive incompatibilities between species could distort their gametogenesis towards asexuality. Interestingly, comparative analysis of published data revealed that hybrid asexuality generally evolves at lower genetic divergences than hybrid sterility or inviability. Given that hybrid asexuality effectively restricts gene flow, it may establish a primary reproductive barrier earlier during diversification than other "classical" forms of postzygotic incompatibilities. Hybrid asexuality may thus indirectly contribute to the speciation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Janko
- Institute of Animal Physiology and GeneticsLaboratory of Fish GeneticsThe Czech Academy of SciencesLibechovCzech Republic
- Department of Biology and EcologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of OstravaOstravaCzech Republic
| | - Jan Pačes
- Institute of Animal Physiology and GeneticsLaboratory of Fish GeneticsThe Czech Academy of SciencesLibechovCzech Republic
- Institute of Molecular GeneticsLaboratory of Genomics and BioinformaticsThe Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | | | - Rui J. Costa
- Department of Statistical ScienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jan Roslein
- Institute of Animal Physiology and GeneticsLaboratory of Fish GeneticsThe Czech Academy of SciencesLibechovCzech Republic
- Department of Biology and EcologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of OstravaOstravaCzech Republic
- Department of Fish EcologyInstitute of Vertebrate BiologyThe Czech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Pavel Drozd
- Department of Biology and EcologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of OstravaOstravaCzech Republic
| | - Nataliia Iakovenko
- Institute of Animal Physiology and GeneticsLaboratory of Fish GeneticsThe Czech Academy of SciencesLibechovCzech Republic
- Department of Biology and EcologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of OstravaOstravaCzech Republic
- Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of NAS of UkraineKyivUkraine
| | - Jakub Rídl
- Institute of Molecular GeneticsLaboratory of Genomics and BioinformaticsThe Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Miluše Hroudová
- Institute of Molecular GeneticsLaboratory of Genomics and BioinformaticsThe Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Jan Kočí
- Institute of Animal Physiology and GeneticsLaboratory of Fish GeneticsThe Czech Academy of SciencesLibechovCzech Republic
- Department of Biology and EcologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of OstravaOstravaCzech Republic
| | - Radka Reifová
- Department of ZoologyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Věra Šlechtová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and GeneticsLaboratory of Fish GeneticsThe Czech Academy of SciencesLibechovCzech Republic
| | - Lukáš Choleva
- Institute of Animal Physiology and GeneticsLaboratory of Fish GeneticsThe Czech Academy of SciencesLibechovCzech Republic
- Department of Biology and EcologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of OstravaOstravaCzech Republic
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12
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Suzuki S, Arai K, Munehara H. Karyological evidence of hybridogenesis in Greenlings (Teleostei: Hexagrammidae). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180626. [PMID: 28678883 PMCID: PMC5498075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two types of natural hybrids were discovered in populations of three Hexagrammos species (Teleostei: Hexagrammidae) distributed off the southern coast of Hokkaido in the North Pacific Ocean. Both hybrids reproduce by hybridogenesis, in which the maternal haploid genome is transmitted to offspring without recombination and the paternal haploid genome is eliminated during gametogenesis. While natural hybrids are unisexual and reproduce hemiclonally by backcrossing with the paternal species (BC-P), artificial F1-hybrids between the pure species produce recombinant gametes. Thus, despite having the same genome composition, the natural hybrids and the F1-hybrids are not genetically identical. Here, to clarify the differences between both hybrids, we examined the karyotypes of the three Hexagrammos species, their natural hybrids, the artificial F1-hybrids, and several backcrosses. Artificial F1-hybrids have karyotypes and chromosome numbers that are intermediate between those of the parental species. Conversely, the natural hybrids differed from F1-hybrids by having several large metacentric chromosomes and microchromosomes. Since the entire maternal haploid genome is inherited by the natural hybrids, maternal backcrosses (BC-M) between natural hybrids and males of the maternal species (H. octogrammus; Hoc) have a hemiclonal Hoc genome with large chromosomes from the mother and a normal Hoc genome from the father. However, the large chromosomes disappear in offspring of BC-M, probably due to fissuring during gametogenesis. Similarly, microsatellite DNA analysis revealed that chromosomes of BC-M undergo recombination. These findings suggest that genetic factors associated with hemiclonal reproduction may be located on the large metacentric chromosomes of natural hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Suzuki
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Usujiri Fisheries Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Katsutoshi Arai
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Munehara
- Usujiri Fisheries Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
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13
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Kawecki TJ. UNISEXUAL/BISEXUAL BREEDING COMPLEXES IN POECILIIDAE: WHY DO MALES COPULATE WITH UNISEXUAL FEMALES? Evolution 2017; 42:1018-1023. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1988.tb02520.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/1987] [Accepted: 02/25/1988] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz J. Kawecki
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Hydrobiology; Jagiellonian University; Oleandry 2a, 30-063 Kraków POLAND
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14
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Eisenbrey AB, Moore WS. EVOLUTION OF HISTOCOMPATIBILITY DIVERSITY IN AN ASEXUAL VERTEBRATE,
POECILIOPSIS 2 MONACHA‐LUCIDA
(PISCES: POECILIIDAE). Evolution 2017; 35:1180-1191. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1981.tb04988.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/1980] [Revised: 02/04/1981] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - William S. Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences Wayne State University Detroit Michigan 48202
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15
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Wetherington JD, Kotora KE, Vrijenhoek RC. A TEST OF THE SPONTANEOUS HETEROSIS HYPOTHESIS FOR UNISEXUAL VERTEBRATES. Evolution 2017; 41:721-731. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1987.tb05848.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/1986] [Accepted: 02/19/1987] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D. Wetherington
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bureau of Biological Research Rutgers University P.O. Box 1059 Piscataway NJ 08855
| | - Karen E. Kotora
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bureau of Biological Research Rutgers University P.O. Box 1059 Piscataway NJ 08855
| | - Robert C. Vrijenhoek
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bureau of Biological Research Rutgers University P.O. Box 1059 Piscataway NJ 08855
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16
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Thibault RE. ECOLOGICAL AND EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS AMONG DIPLOID AND TRIPLOID UNISEXUAL FISHES ASSOCIATED WITH THE BISEXUAL SPECIES,
POECILIOPSIS LUCIDA
(CYPRINODONTIFORMES: POECILIIDAE). Evolution 2017; 32:613-623. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1978.tb04605.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/1977] [Revised: 09/13/1977] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger E. Thibault
- Department of Biological Sciences Bowling Green State University Bowling Green Ohio 43403
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17
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Goddard KA, Dawley RM. CLONAL INHERITANCE OF A DIPLOID NUCLEAR GENOME BY A HYBRID FRESHWATER MINNOW (
PHOXINUS EOS‐NEOGAEUS,
PISCES: CYPRINIDAE). Evolution 2017; 44:1052-1065. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1990.tb03825.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/1988] [Accepted: 12/21/1989] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Ann Goddard
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology The University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06268
| | - Robert M. Dawley
- Section of Ecology and Systematics Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853
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18
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Wetherington JD, Weeks SC, Kotora KE, Vrijenhoek RC. GENOTYPIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS OF VARIATION IN GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION OF FISH HEMICLONES (POECILIOPSIS: POECILIIDAE). Evolution 2017; 43:635-645. [PMID: 28568401 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb04258.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/1988] [Accepted: 01/23/1989] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The frozen-niche-variation model was proposed to account for the coexistence of genetically related clones in naturally occurring unisexual populations. This model is based on two assumptions: 1) ecologically different clones have multiple independent origins from sexual ancestors; and 2) the population of sexual ancestors contains genetic variability for ecologically relevant traits. To test these assumptions, we produced 14 new "hemiclones" (nonrecombining haploid genotypes) of fish (Poeciliopsis: Poeciliidae). Our ability to synthesize many new hemiclones demonstrates the feasibility of multiple independent origins of nonrecombining genotypes. A substantial proportion (10-50%) of the phenotypic variation among hemiclones in size at birth, juvenile growth rate, and fecundity had a genetic basis. Thus, we conclude that multiple origins can give rise to an assemblage of genetically distinct hemiclones, each with a unique combination of life-history traits. Additionally, a comparative analysis of two natural hemiclones revealed that the synthetic strains represent a broad field of variation from which natural hemiclones can be selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Wetherington
- Center for Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Cook College, Rutgers University, P.O. Box 231, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903
| | - Stephen C Weeks
- Center for Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Cook College, Rutgers University, P.O. Box 231, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903
| | - Karen E Kotora
- Center for Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Cook College, Rutgers University, P.O. Box 231, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903
| | - Robert C Vrijenhoek
- Center for Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Cook College, Rutgers University, P.O. Box 231, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903
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19
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Moore WS. COMPONENTS OF FITNESS IN THE UNISEXUAL FISH
POECILIOPSIS MONACHA‐OCCIDENTALIS. Evolution 2017; 30:564-578. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1976.tb00934.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/1975] [Revised: 11/17/1975] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William S. Moore
- Department of Biology Wayne State University Detroit Michigan 48202
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20
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Drosopoulos S. LABORATORY SYNTHESIS OF A PSEUDOGAMOUS TRIPLOID "SPECIES" OF THE GENUS MUELLERIANELLA (HOMOPTERA, DELPHACIDAE). Evolution 2017; 32:916-920. [PMID: 28567920 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1978.tb04645.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/1977] [Accepted: 12/12/1977] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sakis Drosopoulos
- Laboratory of Entomology, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Vrijenhoek RC, Schultz RJ. EVOLUTION OF A TRIHYBRID UNISEXUAL FISH (
POECILIOPSIS
, POECILIIDAE). Evolution 2017; 28:306-319. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1974.tb00750.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/1973] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Vrijenhoek
- Department of Biology Southern Methodist University Dallas Texas 75275
- Biological Sciences Group University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut 06268
| | - R. Jack Schultz
- Department of Biology Southern Methodist University Dallas Texas 75275
- Biological Sciences Group University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut 06268
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22
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Dawley RM, Goddard KA. DIPLOID-TRIPLOID MOSAICS AMONG UNISEXUAL HYBRIDS OF THE MINNOWS PHOXINUS EOS
AND PHOXINUS NEOGAEUS. Evolution 2017; 42:649-659. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1988.tb02484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/1987] [Accepted: 01/29/1988] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Dawley
- Section of Ecology and Systematics; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14850
| | - Kathryn A. Goddard
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Connecticut; Storrs CT 06268
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23
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Angus RA, Schultz J. CLONAL DIVERSITY IN THE UNISEXUAL FISH POECILIOPSIS MONACHA-LUCIDA : A TISSUE GRAFT ANALYSIS. Evolution 2017; 33:27-40. [PMID: 28568068 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1979.tb04659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/1977] [Revised: 05/03/1978] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Angus
- Biological Sciences Group, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06268
| | - Jack Schultz
- Biological Sciences Group, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06268
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24
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Leslie JF, Vrijenhoek RC. CONSIDERATION OF MULLER'S RATCHET MECHANISM THROUGH STUDIES OF GENETIC LINKAGE AND GENOMIC COMPATIBILITIES IN CLONALLY REPRODUCING POECILIOPSIS. Evolution 2017; 34:1105-1115. [PMID: 28568454 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1980.tb04051.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/1979] [Revised: 05/01/1980] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James F Leslie
- Department of Zoology and Bureau of Biological Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903
| | - Robert C Vrijenhoek
- Department of Zoology and Bureau of Biological Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903
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25
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Bulger AJ, Schultz RJ. HETEROSIS AND INTERCLONAL VARIATION IN THERMAL TOLERANCE IN UNISEXUAL FISHES. Evolution 2017; 33:848-859. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1979.tb04739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/1979] [Revised: 02/16/1979] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur J. Bulger
- Biological Sciences Group University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut 06268
| | - R. Jack Schultz
- Biological Sciences Group University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut 06268
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26
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Mantovani B, Scali V. HYBRIDOGENESIS AND ANDROGENESIS IN THE STICK-INSECTBACILLUS ROSSIUS-GRANDII BENAZZII(INSECTA, PHASMATODEA). Evolution 2017; 46:783-796. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb02084.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/1991] [Accepted: 10/01/1991] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mantovani
- Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica Sperimentale, Sede Zoologia; Via S. Giacomo 9 40126 Bologna ITALY
| | - Valerio Scali
- Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica Sperimentale, Sede Zoologia; Via S. Giacomo 9 40126 Bologna ITALY
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27
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Schenck RA, Vrijenhoek RC. SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL FACTORS AFFECTING COEXISTENCE AMONG SEXUAL AND CLONAL FORMS OF
POECILIOPSIS. Evolution 2017; 40:1060-1070. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb00573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/1985] [Accepted: 04/28/1986] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Doležálková M, Sember A, Marec F, Ráb P, Plötner J, Choleva L. Is premeiotic genome elimination an exclusive mechanism for hemiclonal reproduction in hybrid males of the genus Pelophylax? BMC Genet 2016; 17:100. [PMID: 27368375 PMCID: PMC4930623 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-016-0408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ability to eliminate a parental genome from a eukaryotic germ cell is a phenomenon observed mostly in hybrid organisms displaying an alternative propagation to sexual reproduction. For most taxa, the underlying cellular pathways and timing of the elimination process is only poorly understood. In the water frog hybrid Pelophylax esculentus (parental taxa are P. ridibundus and P. lessonae) the only described mechanism assumes that one parental genome is excluded from the germline during metamorphosis and prior to meiosis, while only second genome enters meiosis after endoreduplication. Our study of hybrids from a P. ridibundus—P. esculentus-male populations known for its production of more types of gametes shows that hybridogenetic mechanism of genome elimination is not uniform. Results Using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) on mitotic and meiotic cell stages, we identified at least two pathways of meiotic mechanisms. One type of Pelophylax esculentus males provides supporting evidence of a premeiotic elimination of one parental genome. In several other males we record the presence of both parental genomes in the late phases of meiotic prophase I (diplotene) and metaphase I. Conclusion Some P. esculentus males have no genome elimination from the germ line prior to meiosis. Considering previous cytological and experimental evidence for a formation of both ridibundus and lessonae sperm within a single P. esculentus individual, we propose a hypothesis that genome elimination from the germline can either be postponed to the meiotic stages or absent altogether in these hybrids. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0408-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Doležálková
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology and Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS v.v.i, Liběchov, 277 21, Czech Republic. .,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Praha 2, 128 43, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexandr Sember
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology and Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS v.v.i, Liběchov, 277 21, Czech Republic.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5, Prague 2, 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - František Marec
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics, Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ráb
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology and Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS v.v.i, Liběchov, 277 21, Czech Republic
| | - Jörg Plötner
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstraße 43, Berlin, 10115, Germany
| | - Lukáš Choleva
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology and Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS v.v.i, Liběchov, 277 21, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, Ostrava, 710 00, Czech Republic
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29
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Dedukh D, Litvinchuk S, Rosanov J, Mazepa G, Saifitdinova A, Shabanov D, Krasikova A. Optional Endoreplication and Selective Elimination of Parental Genomes during Oogenesis in Diploid and Triploid Hybrid European Water Frogs. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123304. [PMID: 25894314 PMCID: PMC4403867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Incompatibilities between parental genomes decrease viability of interspecific hybrids; however, deviations from canonical gametogenesis such as genome endoreplication and elimination can rescue hybrid organisms. To evaluate frequency and regularity of genome elimination and endoreplication during gametogenesis in hybrid animals with different ploidy, we examined genome composition in oocytes of di- and triploid hybrid frogs of the Pelophylax esculentus complex. Obtained results allowed us to suggest that during oogenesis the endoreplication involves all genomes occurring before the selective genome elimination. We accepted the hypothesis that only elimination of one copied genome occurs premeiotically in most of triploid hybrid females. At the same time, we rejected the hypothesis stating that the genome of parental species hybrid frogs co-exist with is always eliminated during oogenesis in diploid hybrids. Diploid hybrid frogs demonstrate an enlarged frequency of deviations in oogenesis comparatively to triploid hybrids. Typical for hybrid frogs deviations in gametogenesis increase variability of produced gametes and provide a mechanism for appearance of different forms of hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Dedukh
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Spartak Litvinchuk
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Juriy Rosanov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Glib Mazepa
- Department of Ecology and Genetic, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Alla Krasikova
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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30
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Kimura-Kawaguchi MR, Horita M, Abe S, Arai K, Kawata M, Munehara H. Identification of hemiclonal reproduction in three species of Hexagrammos marine reef fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2014; 85:189-209. [PMID: 24903212 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural hybrids between the boreal species Hexagrammos octogrammus and two temperate species Hexagrammos agrammus and Hexagrammos otakii were observed frequently in southern Hokkaido, Japan. Previous studies revealed that H. octogrammus is a maternal ancestor of both hybrids; the hybrids are all fertile females and they frequently breed with paternal species. Although such rampant hybridization occurs, species boundaries have been maintained in the hybrid zone. Possible explanations for the absence of introgressions, despite the frequent backcrossing, might include clonal reproduction: parthenogenesis, gynogenesis and hybridogenesis. The natural hybrids produced haploid eggs that contained only the H. octogrammus genome (maternal ancestor) with discarded paternal genome and generated F1 -hybrid type offspring by fertilization with the haploid sperm of H. agrammus or H. otakii (paternal ancestor). This reproductive mode was found in an artificial backcross hybrid between the natural hybrid and a male of the paternal ancestor. These findings indicate that the natural hybrids adopt hybridogenesis with high possibility and produce successive generations through hybridogenesis by backcrossing with the paternal ancestor. These hybrids of Hexagrammos represent the first hybridogenetic system found from marine fishes that widely inhabit the North Pacific Ocean. In contrast with other hybridogenetic systems, these Hexagrammos hybrids coexist with all three ancestral species in the hybrid zone. The coexistence mechanism is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Kimura-Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 152 Usujiri, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-1613, Japan; Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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31
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Chinone A, Nodono H, Matsumoto M. Triploid planarian reproduces truly bisexually with euploid gametes produced through a different meiotic system between sex. Chromosoma 2014; 123:265-72. [PMID: 24402417 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-013-0449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although polyploids are common among plants and some animals, polyploidization often causes reproductive failure. Triploids, in particular, are characterized by the problems of chromosomal pairing and segregation during meiosis, which may cause aneuploid gametes and results in sterility. Thus, they are generally considered to reproduce only asexually. In the case of the Platyhelminthes Dugesia ryukyuensis, populations with triploid karyotypes are normally found in nature as both fissiparous and oviparous triploids. Fissiparous triploids can also be experimentally sexualized if they are fed sexual planarians, developing both gonads and other reproductive organs. Fully sexualized worms begin reproducing by copulation rather than fission. In this study, we examined the genotypes of the offspring obtained by breeding sexualized triploids and found that the offspring inherited genes from both parents, i.e., they reproduced truly bisexually. Furthermore, meiotic chromosome behavior in triploid sexualized planarians differed significantly between male and female germ lines, in that female germ line cells remained triploid until prophase I, whereas male germ line cells appeared to become diploid before entry into meiosis. Oocytes at the late diplotene stage contained not only paired bivalents but also unpaired univalents that were suggested to produce diploid eggs if they remained in subsequent processes. Triploid planarians may therefore form euploid gametes by different meiotic systems in female and male germ lines and thus are be able to reproduce sexually in contrast to many other triploid organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Chinone
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
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32
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Heppich S. Hybridogenesis in Rana esculenta: C-band karyotypes of Rana ridibunda, Rana lessonae and Rana esculenta. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.1978.tb00918.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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34
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Tunner VHG. Kreuzungsexperimente mit Wasserfroschen aus österreichischen und polnischen M ischpopulationen (Rana lessonae + Rana esculenta): Eine Analyse biochemischer und morphologischer Merkmale. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.1980.tb00744.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Turcotte MM, Pires MN, Vrijenhoek RC, Reznick DN. Pre- and post-fertilization maternal provisioning in livebearing fish species and their hybrids (Poeciliidae:Poeciliopsis). Funct Ecol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01461.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Meiotic hybridogenesis in triploid Misgurnus loach derived from a clonal lineage. Heredity (Edinb) 2008; 100:581-6. [PMID: 18382473 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2008.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Triploid loaches Misgurnus anguillicaudatus are derived from unreduced diploid gametes produced by an asexual clonal lineage that normally undergoes gynogenetic reproduction. Here, we have investigated the reproductive system of two types of triploids: the first type carried maternally inherited clonal diploid genomes and a paternally inherited haploid genome from the same population; the second type had the same clonal diploid genomes but a haploid genome from another, genetically divergent population. The germinal vesicles of oocytes from triploid females (3n=75) contained only 25 bivalents, that is, 50 chromosomes. Flow cytometry revealed that the majority of the progeny resulting from fertilization of eggs from triploid females with normal haploid sperm were diploid. This indicates that triploid females mainly produced haploid eggs. Microsatellite analyses of the diploid progeny of triploid females showed that one allele of the clonal genotype was not transmitted to haploid eggs. Moreover, the identity of the eliminated allele differed between the two types of triploids. Our results demonstrate that there is preferential pairing of homologous chromosomes as well as the elimination of unmatched chromosomes in the course of haploid egg formation, that is, meiotic hybridogenesis. Two distinct genomes in the clone suggest its hybrid origin.
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37
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38
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Lampert K, Steinlein C, Schmid M, Fischer P, Schartl M. A haploid-diploid-triploid mosaic of the Amazon molly, Poecilia formosa. Cytogenet Genome Res 2007; 119:131-4. [DOI: 10.1159/000109629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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39
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Lamborot M, Manzur ME, Alvarez-Sarret E. Triploidy and mosaicism in Liolaemus chiliensis (Sauria: Tropiduridae). Genome 2006; 49:445-53. [PMID: 16767169 DOI: 10.1139/g05-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A remarkable diversity of ploidy, i.e., diploidy, triploidy, and diploid–triploid mosaicism, was found among the somatic and testicular cells in a natural population of the lizard Liolaemus chiliensis from central Chile. Intra pop ulation, intersexual, and intraindividual ploidy variation is reported. In contrast with other species of polyploid reptiles, 86% of L. chiliensis males were mosaics (2n/3n) and 14% were diploids; 33% of females were triploid, 57.1% were mosaics, and 9.5% were diploid. Among 21 specimens, no triploid males were found in this sample. In the mosaic males, the diploid and triploid spermatogonia both enter meiosis, producing both reduced and unreduced metaphase II spermatocytes, most of them euploids. We discuss the origin for this ploidy in this iguanid lizard.Key words: Liolaemus chiliensis, triploidy, mosaicism for triploidy and diploidy, Sauria, Tropiduridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Lamborot
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago.
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Mateos M, Vrijenhoek RC. Independent origins of allotriploidy in the fish genus Poeciliopsis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 96:32-9. [PMID: 15598712 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esi010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
We examined mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences and allozymes to assess possible modes of origin, clonal diversity, and evolutionary age in a triploid all-female fish of the genus Poeciliopsis from the state of Sinaloa, Mexico. Analysis of multilocus allozymes revealed that the Rio Mocorito biotype (Poeciliopsis monacha-lucida-viriosa) is trihybrid, carrying haploid genomes from three sexually reproducing species, Poeciliopsis monacha, Poeciliopsis lucida, and Poeciliopsis viriosa. Composite allozyme and mtDNA genotypes identified four clones, all bearing closely related mitochondrial haplotypes originally derived from P. monacha. Apparently these trihybrids arose endemically by addition of a haploid genome from P. viriosa, a local sexual species, to an allodiploid biotype, P. monacha-lucida, also found in the Rio Mocorito. The present analysis clearly revealed that P. monacha-lucida-viriosa arose independently of the two allotriploid biotypes that live in a river to the north (Rio Fuerte). Although the origins of allotriploidy in Poeciliopsis are less constrained phylogenetically and geographically than previously thought, known triploid biotypes all had relatively recent origins, which supports the notion that most asexual lineages are evolutionarily short-lived.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mateos
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA.
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Marescalchi O, Scali V. New DAPI and FISH findings on egg maturation processes in related hybridogenetic and parthenogenetic Bacillus hybrids (Insecta, Phasmatodea). Mol Reprod Dev 2001; 60:270-6. [PMID: 11553928 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus stick insects have proved adequate for studying a wide array of reproductive modes: sexual, parthenogenetic, hybridogenetic, androgenetic. Hybridogenetic strains (B. rossius-grandii) were thought to discard the paternal "grandii" haploset during first meiotic division and keep the "rossius" hemiclone, whereas the clonal B. whitei (=rossius/grandii) would maintain its hybrid structure by fusing back two nonsister nuclei-each derived from previously segregated heterospecific complements-by the end of the 2(nd) meiotic division. New investigations on laid eggs and ovariole squashes, either DAPI stained or FISH labeled, revealed that in hybridogens the "grandii" set is excluded from the germ line prior to meiosis and that a DNA extra-synthesis should occur to produce hemiclonal eggs after two cytologically normal meiotic divisions. On the other hand, in B. whitei eggs no genome segregation appears to occur and an intrameiotic DNA extra-synthesis must take place to produce 2n tetrachromatidic oocytes I; these divide twice and give unreduced clonal eggs. The new findings bring hybridogenetic oogenesis of Bacillus to be coincident with that of the known hemiclonal organisms and point to an independent onset of B. whitei from hemiclonal strains. In addition, B. whitei gains a closer resemblance to B. lynceorum owing to the sharing of a cytologically identical egg maturation mechanism, of the same maternal ancestor and of peculiar chromosomal features. It is here suggested that B. lynceorum originated from the incorporation of an "atticus" genome into a B. whitei egg, according to a pathway of repeated hybridization often occurred with other polyploid hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Marescalchi
- Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica Sperimentale, Bologna, Italy.
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Zhang Q, Arai K, Yamashita M. Cytogenetic mechanisms for triploid and haploid egg formation in the triploid loachMisgurnus anguillicaudatus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-010x(19980815)281:6<608::aid-jez9>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Arai K, Mukaino M. Electrophoretic analysis of the diploid progenies from triploid × diploid crosses in the loachMisgurnus anguillicaudatus (Pisces: Cobitidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-010x(19980401)280:5<368::aid-jez5>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mantovani B, Tinti F, Barilani M, Scali V. Current reproductive isolation between ancestors of natural hybrids in Bacillus stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea). Heredity (Edinb) 1996. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1996.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Weeks SC. Comparisons of life-history traits between clonal and sexual fish (Poeciliopsis:Poeciliidae) raised in monoculture and mixed treatments. Evol Ecol 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01237772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tinti F, Scali V. Chromosomal evidence of hemiclonal and all-paternal offspring production in Bacillus rossius-grandii benazzii (Insecta Phasmatodea). Chromosoma 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00360405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Phenotypic plasticity of life-history traits in clonal and sexual fish (Poeciliopsis) at high and low densities. Oecologia 1993; 93:307-314. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00317871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/1992] [Accepted: 11/17/1992] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ohtani H. Mechanism of chromosome elimination in the hybridogenetic spermatogenesis of allotriploid males between Japanese and European water frogs. Chromosoma 1993; 102:158-62. [PMID: 8458253 DOI: 10.1007/bf00387730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Of 21 allotriploid males that possessed two genomes of Rana nigromaculata and one genome of Rana lessonae 10 produced a large number of spermatozoa in their testes. When 4 of these males were backcrossed with a female of R. nigromaculata, all of the resulting froglets were diploid in chromosome number and were completely R. nigromaculata type in appearance. These allotriploid males proved to have produced spermatozoa with one R. nigromaculata genome hybridogenetically. Therefore, their germ line cells were investigated for the mechanism of elimination of their R. lessonae chromosomes. In histological sections of testes, the great majority of spermatogonia (approximately 10(4) cells) between mitotic prometaphase and anaphase appeared normal in chromosome behavior, whereas 17 spermatogonia showed several chromosomes whose behavior deviated from the normal course during the same period. These deviant chromosomes concentrated together near the equatorial plate and remained stationary at anaphase. In metaphase chromosome preparations made from spermatogonia, 67 and 185 of the 477 chromosome spreads were diploid and triploid, respectively. The rest were aneuploid. Notably, 8 triploid spreads consisted of 26 or more normal chromosomes and 13 or fewer degenerate chromosomes. From these results it is concluded that a set of R. lessonae chromosomes is eliminated from some, but not all spermatogonia by becoming degenerate during the mitotic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ohtani
- Laboratory for Amphibian Biology, Faculty of Science, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Tinti F, Scali V. Genome exclusion and gametic DAPI-DNA content in the hybridogenetic Bacillus rossius-grandii benazzii complex (Insecta Phasmatodea). Mol Reprod Dev 1992; 33:235-42. [PMID: 1449790 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.1080330302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Among Sicilian stick insects, two hybridogenetic complexes have been discovered: Bacillus rossius-grandii benazzii and B. rossius-grandii grandii, which also produce androgenetic offspring. The egg maturation of the former is analyzed here through DAPI fluorometry, which, besides the assessment of the meiotic stages, also allows their DNA measurements and the analysis of sperm-head evolution into male pronuclei in these polyspermic eggs. Hybridogenetic eggs undergo an extrasynthesis of chromosomes, because two groups of n autobivalents (4C each) are segregated at metaphase 1st; the two groups must correspond to the pure parental species haplosets. Then the grandii chromosomes degenerate (1st polar body), while the rossius chromosomes divide further to produce two groups of n autodiads (2C each); one of them degenerates (2nd polar body), and the other is ready to perform syngamy (female pronucleus). Meanwhile, several B. grandii sperm evolve into male pronuclei by doubling their DNA (from 1C to 2C content) and assuming an interphase nucleus appearance. If regular mixis occurs, the F1 hybrid constitution is restored but, if it fails, a fusion between two sperms may occur, originating fully paternal descendants (natural androgenesis). The genome exclusion mechanism of stick-insect hybridogens appears to be more primitive than those observed in the already known hybridogenetic complexes of Poeciliopsis and Rana esculenta. Unfertilized eggs of hybridogens are capable of self-activation, but the cytology of the related clonally reproducing B. whitei indicates that its parthenogenetic mechanism stems from the hybridization event (hybrid theory) rather than from tychoparthenogenetic potentialities (spontaneous theory).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tinti
- Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica Sperimentale, Sede Zoologia, Università di Bologna, Italy
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